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Vana F, Szabo Z, Masarik M, Kratochvilova M. The interplay of transition metals in ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Cell Div 2024; 19:24. [PMID: 39097717 PMCID: PMC11297737 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell death is one of the most important mechanisms of maintaining homeostasis in our body. Ferroptosis and pyroptosis are forms of necrosis-like cell death. These cell death modalities play key roles in the pathophysiology of cancer, cardiovascular, neurological diseases, and other pathologies. Transition metals are abundant group of elements in all living organisms. This paper presents a summary of ferroptosis and pyroptosis pathways and their connection to significant transition metals, namely zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), uranium (U), platinum (Pt), and one crucial element, selenium (Se). Authors aim to summarize the up-to-date knowledge of this topic.In this review, there are categorized and highlighted the most common patterns in the alterations of ferroptosis and pyroptosis by transition metals. Special attention is given to zinc since collected data support its dual nature of action in both ferroptosis and pyroptosis. All findings are presented together with a brief description of major biochemical pathways involving mentioned metals and are visualized in attached comprehensive figures.This work concludes that the majority of disruptions in the studied metals' homeostasis impacts cell fate, influencing both death and survival of cells in the complex system of altered pathways. Therefore, this summary opens up the space for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Vana
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno, 656 53, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kratochvilova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic.
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Liao Q, Yang Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Fan K, Guo Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Zhu P, Huang L, Liu Z. Targeting TANK-binding kinase 1 attenuates painful diabetic neuropathy via inhibiting microglia pyroptosis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:368. [PMID: 39030571 PMCID: PMC11264750 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is closely linked to inflammation, which has been demonstrated to be associated with pyroptosis. Emerging evidence has implicated TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in various inflammatory diseases. However, it remains unknown whether activated TBK1 causes hyperalgesia via pyroptosis. METHODS PDN mice model of type 1 or type 2 diabetic was induced by C57BL/6J or BKS-DB mice with Lepr gene mutation. For type 2 diabetes PDN model, TBK1-siRNA, Caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk or TBK1 inhibitor amlexanox (AMX) were delivered by intrathecal injection or intragastric administration. The pain threshold and plantar skin blood perfusion were evaluated through animal experiments. The assessments of spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, sciatic nerve, plantar skin and serum included western blotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In the PDN mouse model, we found that TBK1 was significantly activated in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and mainly located in microglia, and intrathecal injection of chemically modified TBK1-siRNA could improve hyperalgesia. Herein, we described the mechanism that TBK1 could activate the noncanonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, mediate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, trigger microglia pyroptosis, and ultimately induce PDN, which could be reversed following TBK1-siRNA injection. We also found that systemic administration of AMX, a TBK1 inhibitor, could effectively improve peripheral nerve injury. These results revealed the key role of TBK1 in PDN and that TBK1 inhibitor AMX could be a potential strategy for treating PDN. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a novel causal role of TBK1 in pathogenesis of PDN, which raises the possibility of applying amlexanox to selectively target TBK1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinming Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalang Hospital, Dongguan, 523775, Guangdong, China
| | - Keke Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Pian Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lijin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China.
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Elovitz M, Anton L, Cristancho A, Ferguson B, Joseph A, Ravel J. Vaginal microbes alter epithelial transcriptome and induce epigenomic modifications providing insight into mechanisms for susceptibility to adverse reproductive outcomes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4385224. [PMID: 38854063 PMCID: PMC11160883 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4385224/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The cervicovaginal microbiome is highly associated with women's health, with microbial communities dominated by Lactobacillus species considered optimal. Conversely, a lack of lactobacilli and a high abundance of strict and facultative anaerobes, including Gardnerella vaginalis, have been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. However, how host-microbial interactions alter specific molecular pathways and impact cervical and vaginal epithelial function remains unclear. Using RNA-sequencing, we characterized the in vitro cervicovaginal epithelial transcriptional response to different vaginal bacteria and their culture supernatants. We showed that G. vaginalis upregulates genes associated with an activated innate immune response. Unexpectedly, G. vaginalis specifically induced inflammasome pathways through activation of NLRP3-mediated increases in caspase-1, IL-1β and cell death, while live L. crispatus had minimal transcriptomic changes on epithelial cells. L. crispatus culture supernatants resulted in a shift in the epigenomic landscape of cervical epithelial cells that was confirmed by ATAC-sequencing showing reduced chromatin accessibility. This study reveals new insights into host-microbe interactions in the lower reproductive tract and suggests potential therapeutic strategies leveraging the vaginal microbiome to improve reproductive health.
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Hua KF, Hsu HT, Huang MS, Chiu HW, Wong WT, Peng CH, Lin YB, Chen A, Wang CC, Hsu CH, Wu CH, Lin WY, Ho CL, Li LH. Honokiol Exhibits Anti-NLRP3 Inflammasome and Antimicrobial Properties in Neisseria gonorrhoeae-Infected Macrophages. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3499-3513. [PMID: 38828053 PMCID: PMC11144415 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s454221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, crucial in infectious and inflammatory diseases by regulating IL-1β, presents a target for disease management. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea in over 87 million people annually, with previous research revealing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in infected macrophages. No natural products have been reported to counteract this activation. Exploring honokiol, a phenolic compound from Chinese herbal medicine, we investigated its impact on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages. Methods Honokiol's impact on the protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators was analyzed using ELISA and Western blotting. The generation of intracellular H2O2 and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected through specific fluorescent probes (CM-H2DCFDA and MitoSOX, respectively) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane integrity was assessed using specific fluorescent probes (MitoTracker and DiOC2(3)) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, the effect of honokiol on the viability of N. gonorrhoeae was examined through an in vitro colony-forming units assay. Results Honokiol effectively inhibits caspase-1, caspase-11 and GSDMD activation and reduces the extracellular release of IL-1β, NLRP3, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) in N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages. Detailed investigations have demonstrated that honokiol lowers the production of H2O2 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages. Importantly, the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and p38 and the activation of NF-κB remain unaffected. Moreover, honokiol reduces the N. gonorrhoeae-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species within the mitochondria, preserving their integrity. Additionally, honokiol suppresses the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase induced by N. gonorrhoeae independently of NLRP3. Impressively, honokiol exhibits in vitro anti-gonococcal activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Conclusion Honokiol inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages and holds great promise for further development as an active ingredient in the prevention and treatment of symptoms associated with gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ta Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - May-Shu Huang
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wong
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiu Peng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Wang
- Infectious Disease Division, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Kunming Prevention and Control Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lung Ho
- Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Garcia EM, Lenz JD, Schaub RE, Hackett KT, Salgado-Pabón W, Dillard JP. IL-17C is a driver of damaging inflammation during Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of human Fallopian tube. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3756. [PMID: 38704381 PMCID: PMC11069574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae ascends into the upper female reproductive tract to cause damaging inflammation within the Fallopian tubes and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), increasing the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy. The loss of ciliated cells from the epithelium is thought to be both a consequence of inflammation and a cause of adverse sequelae. However, the links between infection, inflammation, and ciliated cell extrusion remain unresolved. With the use of ex vivo cultures of human Fallopian tube paired with RNA sequencing we defined the tissue response to gonococcal challenge, identifying cytokine, chemokine, cell adhesion, and apoptosis related transcripts not previously recognized as potentiators of gonococcal PID. Unexpectedly, IL-17C was one of the most highly induced genes. Yet, this cytokine has no previous association with gonococcal infection nor pelvic inflammatory disease and thus it was selected for further characterization. We show that human Fallopian tubes express the IL-17C receptor on the epithelial surface and that treatment with purified IL-17C induces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in addition to sloughing of the epithelium and generalized tissue damage. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized but critical role of IL-17C in the damaging inflammation induced by gonococci in a human explant model of PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Garcia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lenz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan E Schaub
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kathleen T Hackett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wilmara Salgado-Pabón
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joseph P Dillard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Vinţeler N, Feurdean CN, Petkes R, Barabas R, Boşca BA, Muntean A, Feștilă D, Ilea A. Biomaterials Functionalized with Inflammasome Inhibitors-Premises and Perspectives. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:32. [PMID: 38391885 PMCID: PMC10889089 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed at searching literature for data regarding the inflammasomes' involvement in the pathogenesis of oral diseases (mainly periodontitis) and general pathologies, including approaches to control inflammasome-related pathogenic mechanisms. The inflammasomes are part of the innate immune response that activates inflammatory caspases by canonical and noncanonical pathways, to control the activity of Gasdermin D. Once an inflammasome is activated, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins, are released. Thus, inflammasomes are involved in inflammatory, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The review also investigated novel therapies based on the use of phytochemicals and pharmaceutical substances for inhibiting inflammasome activity. Pharmaceutical substances can control the inflammasomes by three mechanisms: inhibiting the intracellular signaling pathways (Allopurinol and SS-31), blocking inflammasome components (VX-765, Emricasan and VX-740), and inhibiting cytokines mediated by the inflammasomes (Canakinumab, Anakinra and Rilonacept). Moreover, phytochemicals inhibit the inflammasomes by neutralizing reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials functionalized by the adsorption of therapeutic agents onto different nanomaterials could represent future research directions to facilitate multimodal and sequential treatment in oral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norina Vinţeler
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Nicoleta Feurdean
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Regina Petkes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Reka Barabas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Adina Boşca
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Muntean
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Dana Feștilă
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Elovitz M, Anton L, Cristancho A, Ferguson B, Joseph A, Ravel J. Vaginal microbes alter epithelial transcriptomic and epigenomic modifications providing insight into the molecular mechanisms for susceptibility to adverse reproductive outcomes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3580132. [PMID: 38014044 PMCID: PMC10680926 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3580132/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The cervicovaginal microbiome is highly associated with women's health with microbial communities dominated by Lactobacillus spp. being considered optimal. Conversely, a lack of lactobacilli and a high abundance of strict and facultative anaerobes including Gardnerella vaginalis , have been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. However, the molecular pathways modulated by microbe interactions with the cervicovaginal epithelia remain unclear. Using RNA-sequencing, we characterize the in vitro cervicovaginal epithelial transcriptional response to different vaginal bacteria and their culture supernatants. We showed that G. vaginalis upregulated genes were associated with an activated innate immune response including anti-microbial peptides and inflammasome pathways, represented by NLRP3-mediated increases in caspase-1, IL-1β and cell death. Cervicovaginal epithelial cells exposed to L. crispatus showed limited transcriptomic changes, while exposure to L. crispatus culture supernatants resulted in a shift in the epigenomic landscape of cervical epithelial cells. ATAC-sequencing confirmed epigenetic changes with reduced chromatin accessibility. This study reveals new insight into host-microbe interactions in the lower reproductive tract and suggest potential therapeutic strategies leveraging the vaginal microbiome to improve reproductive health.
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Panek I, Liczek M, Gabryelska A, Rakoczy I, Kuna P, Panek M. Inflammasome signalling pathway in the regulation of inflammation - its involvement in the development and exacerbation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2023; 40:487-495. [PMID: 37692274 PMCID: PMC10485761 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2022.118077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein oligomers, whose main function is the recruitment and activation of caspase-1, which cleaves the precursor forms of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, generating biologically active cytokines. Activation of inflammasome is an essential component of the innate immune response, and according to recent reports it is involved in epithelial homeostasis and type 2 T helper cell (Th2) differentiation. In recent years, the contribution of inflammasome dependent signalling pathways to the development of inflammatory diseases became a topic of multiple research studies. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most prevalent obstructive lung diseases. Recent studies have focused on inflammatory aspects of asthma and COPD development, demonstrating the key role of inflammasome-dependent processes. Factors responsible for activation of inflammasome complex are similar in both asthma and COPD and include bacteria, viruses, cigarette smoke, and particulate matter. Some recent studies have revealed that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role, particularly in the development of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked with neutrophilic severe steroid-resistant asthma. Although most of the studies on inflammasomes in asthma and COPD focused on the NLRP3 inflammasome, there are scarce scientific reports linking other inflammasomes such as AIM2 and NLRP1 with obstructive lung diseases. In this mini review we focus on the role of molecular pathways associated with inflammasome in the most prevalent lung diseases such as asthma and COPD. Furthermore, we will try to answer the question of whether inhibition of inflammasome can occur as a modern therapy in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Panek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Liczek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Igor Rakoczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Panek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Vigneron C, Py BF, Monneret G, Venet F. The double sides of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:333-351. [PMID: 36856019 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. Immune response induced by sepsis is complex and dynamic. It is schematically described as an early dysregulated systemic inflammatory response leading to organ failures and early deaths, followed by the development of persistent immune alterations affecting both the innate and adaptive immune responses associated with increased risk of secondary infections, viral reactivations, and late mortality. In this review, we will focus on the role of NACHT, leucin-rich repeat and pyrin-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathophysiology of sepsis. NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiproteic intracellular complex activated by infectious pathogens through a two-step process resulting in the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and the formation of membrane pores by gasdermin D, inducing a pro-inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of sepsis can be ambivalent. Indeed, although it might protect against sepsis when moderately activated after initial infection, excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation can induce dysregulated inflammation leading to multiple organ failure and death during the acute phase of the disease. Moreover, this activation might become exhausted and contribute to post-septic immunosuppression, driving impaired functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome could thus be an attractive option in sepsis either through IL-1β and IL-18 antagonists or through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway downstream components. Available treatments and results of first clinical trials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vigneron
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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Walker E, van Niekerk S, Hanning K, Kelton W, Hicks J. Mechanisms of host manipulation by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1119834. [PMID: 36819065 PMCID: PMC9935845 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (also known as gonococcus) has been causing gonorrhoea in humans since ancient Egyptian times. Today, global gonorrhoea infections are rising at an alarming rate, in concert with an increasing number of antimicrobial-resistant strains. The gonococcus has concurrently evolved several intricate mechanisms that promote pathogenesis by evading both host immunity and defeating common therapeutic interventions. Central to these adaptations is the ability of the gonococcus to manipulate various host microenvironments upon infection. For example, the gonococcus can survive within neutrophils through direct regulation of both the oxidative burst response and maturation of the phagosome; a concerning trait given the important role neutrophils have in defending against invading pathogens. Hence, a detailed understanding of how N. gonorrhoeae exploits the human host to establish and maintain infection is crucial for combating this pathogen. This review summarizes the mechanisms behind host manipulation, with a central focus on the exploitation of host epithelial cell signaling to promote colonization and invasion of the epithelial lining, the modulation of the host immune response to evade both innate and adaptive defenses, and the manipulation of host cell death pathways to both assist colonization and combat antimicrobial activities of innate immune cells. Collectively, these pathways act in concert to enable N. gonorrhoeae to colonize and invade a wide array of host tissues, both establishing and disseminating gonococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Walker
- Te Huataki Waiora, School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Stacy van Niekerk
- Te Huataki Waiora, School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Kyrin Hanning
- Te Huataki Waiora, School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - William Kelton
- Te Huataki Waiora, School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand,Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Hicks
- Te Huataki Waiora, School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Joanna Hicks,
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Nisa A, Kipper FC, Panigrahy D, Tiwari S, Kupz A, Subbian S. Different modalities of host cell death and their impact on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1444-C1474. [PMID: 36189975 PMCID: PMC9662802 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB is the formation of granulomas comprised of elaborately organized aggregates of immune cells containing the pathogen. Dissemination of Mtb from infected cells in the granulomas due to host and mycobacterial factors induces multiple cell death modalities in infected cells. Based on molecular mechanism, morphological characteristics, and signal dependency, there are two main categories of cell death: programmed and nonprogrammed. Programmed cell death (PCD), such as apoptosis and autophagy, is associated with a protective response to Mtb by keeping the bacteria encased within dead macrophages that can be readily phagocytosed by arriving in uninfected or neighboring cells. In contrast, non-PCD necrotic cell death favors the pathogen, resulting in bacterial release into the extracellular environment. Multiple types of cell death in the PCD category, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, ETosis, parthanatos, and PANoptosis, may be involved in Mtb infection. Since PCD pathways are essential for host immunity to Mtb, therapeutic compounds targeting cell death signaling pathways have been experimentally tested for TB treatment. This review summarizes different modalities of Mtb-mediated host cell deaths, the molecular mechanisms underpinning host cell death during Mtb infection, and its potential implications for host immunity. In addition, targeting host cell death pathways as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches against Mtb infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Franciele C Kipper
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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12
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Barczuk J, Siwecka N, Lusa W, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Kucharska E, Majsterek I. Targeting NLRP3-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168979. [PMID: 36012243 PMCID: PMC9409081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the general population and, to date, constitutes a major therapeutic challenge. In the pathogenesis of AD, aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) containing Tau-microtubule-associated protein (tau) are known to trigger a neuroinflammatory response with subsequent formation of an inflammasome. In particular, the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is thought to play a crucial role in AD-related pathology. While the mechanisms for NLRP3 activation are not fully understood, it has been demonstrated that, after detection of protein aggregates, NLRP3 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 18 (IL-18) or interleukin 1β (IL-1β), that further potentiate AD progression. Specific inhibitors of NLRP3 that exhibit various mechanisms to attenuate the activity of NLRP3 have been tested in in vivo studies and have yielded promising results, as shown by the reduced level of tau and Aβ aggregates and diminished cognitive impairment. Herein, we would like to summarize the current state of knowledge on NLRP3 inflammasome priming, activation, and its actual role in AD pathogenesis, and to characterize the NLRP3 inhibitors that have been studied most and their impact on AD-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barczuk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Lusa
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Kucharska
- Department of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work, Jesuit University Ignatianum, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-53-00
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13
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Anes E, Pires D, Mandal M, Azevedo-Pereira JM. Spatial localization of cathepsins: Implications in immune activation and resolution during infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955407. [PMID: 35990632 PMCID: PMC9382241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins were first described, as endolysosomal proteolytic enzymes in reference to the organelles where they degrade the bulk of endogenous and exogenous substrates in a slightly acidic environment. These substrates include pathogens internalized via endocytosis and/or marked for destruction by autophagy. However, the role of cathepsins during infection far exceeds that of direct digestion of the pathogen. Cathepsins have been extensively investigated in the context of tumour associated immune cells and chronic inflammation. Several cathepsin-dependent immune responses develop in the endocytic pathway while others take place in the cytosol, the nucleus, or in the extracellular space. In this review we highlight the spatial localization of cathepsins and their implications in immune activation and resolution pathways during infection.
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14
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Gan C, Cai Q, Tang C, Gao J. Inflammasomes and Pyroptosis of Liver Cells in Liver Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896473. [PMID: 35707547 PMCID: PMC9189314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that can sense danger signals and activate caspase-1 to mediate pro-inflammatory cytokines release and pyroptotic cell death. There are two main canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways that trigger inflammasome activation. Inflammasomes are expressed and assembled in parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells in response to liver injury in the liver. Additionally, the hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), hepatic macrophages, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) contribute to liver fibrosis via different mechanisms. However, the underlying mechanism of the inflammasome and pyroptosis in these liver cells in liver fibrosis remains elusive. This review summarizes the activation and function of inflammasome complexes and then discusses the association between inflammasomes, pyroptosis, and liver fibrosis. Unlike other similar reviewers, we will focus on the effect of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the various liver cells during the development of liver fibrosis. We will also highlight the latest progress of pharmacological intervention in inflammasome-mediated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Gan
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyu Cai
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhang Gao, ; ; Chengwei Tang,
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhang Gao, ; ; Chengwei Tang,
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15
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Russell MW. Immune Responses to Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Challenges and Opportunities With Respect to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:S96-S102. [PMID: 34396399 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility frequently develop after female genital tract infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but determining their etiology from among various possibilities presents difficulties. Exploitation of serology to identify the causative agent is complicated by numerous factors, and no immunological test currently exists to determine unequivocally whether an individual currently is, or has been, infected with N. gonorrhoeae. The extensive antigenic variability of N. gonorrhoeae and its expression of antigens shared with other Neisseria species commonly carried in humans render problematic an assay that is specific for all gonococcal strains. However, novel conserved gonococcal antigens identified for potential vaccines may find additional application in diagnostic assays. N. gonorrhoeae also interferes with the adaptive immune response, and antibody responses to uncomplicated infection are usually weak. Elucidating the mechanisms whereby N. gonorrhoeae manipulates the human immune system may lead to improved understanding of the pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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16
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Darville T. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis: Immune Evasion Mechanisms and Pathogenic Disease Pathways. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:S39-S46. [PMID: 34396413 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) results from ascension of sexually transmitted pathogens from the lower genital tract to the uterus and/or fallopian tubes in women, with potential spread to neighboring pelvic organs. Patients may present acutely with lower abdominal or pelvic pain and pelvic organ tenderness. Many have subtle symptoms or are asymptomatic and present later with tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the 2 most commonly recognized PID pathogens. Their ability to survive within host epithelial cells and neutrophils highlights a need for T-cell-mediated production of interferon γ in protection. Data indicate that for both pathogens, antibody can accelerate clearance by enhancing opsonophagocytosis and bacterial killing when interferon γ is present. A study of women with N. gonorrhoeae- and/or C. trachomatis-induced PID with histologic endometritis revealed activation of myeloid cell, cell death, and innate inflammatory pathways in conjunction with dampening of T-cell activation pathways. These findings are supported by multiple studies in mouse models of monoinfection with N. gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia spp. Both pathogens exert multiple mechanisms of immune evasion that benefit themselves and each other at the expense of the host. However, similarities in host immune mechanisms that defend against these 2 bacterial pathogens instill optimism for the prospects of a combined vaccine for prevention of PID and infections in both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Darville
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Liu J, Yang C, Cheng C, Zhang C, Zhao J, Fu C. In vitro antimicrobial effect and mechanism of action of plasma-activated liquid on planktonic Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4605-4619. [PMID: 34320914 PMCID: PMC8806901 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) is highly resistant to treatment, and there is an urgent need for new treatments to alleviate gonococcal resistance caused by antibiotic monotherapy. The antimicrobial effect and mechanism of plasma-activated liquid (PAL) on Ng were evaluated in this study. Upon PAL treatment, extensively analyses on cell culturability, metabolic capacity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS),membrane integrity and nucleic acids for Ng were carried out and significant antimicrobial effects observed.PAL exerted antibacterial effect on Ng and induced bacterial death (6.71-log) following immersion for 30 min and treatment for 120 s. However, bacterial viability test revealed that after immersion in the same PAL, 10.17% of bacteria retained their metabolic capacity. This indicates that bacteria enter a physiological viable but non-culturable state to protect themselves from environmental stress. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that PAL exerts bactericidal effect on Ng and disrupts its morphological structure. PAL may upregulate inflammatory factors and genes to modulate the resistance of Ng and affect the immune status of the host during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyu Fu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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18
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Lin EY, Adamson PC, Klausner JD. Epidemiology, Treatments, and Vaccine Development for Antimicrobial-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Current Strategies and Future Directions. Drugs 2021; 81:1153-1169. [PMID: 34097283 PMCID: PMC8182353 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the second most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the world after Chlamydia trachomatis. The pathogen has developed resistance to every antibiotic currently approved for treatment, and multidrug-resistant strains have been identified globally. The current treatment recommended by the World Health Organization is ceftriaxone and azithromycin dual therapy. However, resistance to azithromycin and ceftriaxone are increasing and treatment failures have been reported. As a result, there is a critical need to develop novel strategies for mitigating the spread of antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae through improved diagnosis and treatment of resistant infections. Strategies that are currently being pursued include developing molecular assays to predict resistance, utilizing higher doses of ceftriaxone, repurposing older antibiotics, and developing newer agents. In addition, efforts to discover a vaccine for N. gonorrhoeae have been reignited in recent years with the cross-protectivity provided by the N. meningitidis vaccine, with several new strategies and targets. Despite the significant progress that has been made, there is still much work ahead to combat antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y Lin
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul C Adamson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave. CHS 52-215, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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Feng L, Liang L, Zhang S, Yang J, Yue Y, Zhang X. HMGB1 downregulation in retinal pigment epithelial cells protects against diabetic retinopathy through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Autophagy 2021; 18:320-339. [PMID: 34024230 PMCID: PMC8942416 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1926655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and currently one of the major causes of blindness. Several previous studies have demonstrated that autophagy, which is regulated by HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), is involved in DR development. However, the role of autophagy in DR is quite complicated in that it promotes pericyte survival in early DR, whereas excessive autophagy causes excess stress and leads to necrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between HMGB1, the macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome pathway, and DR, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. In brief, the relationship between high glucose (HG) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway was examined in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The relationship was studied by detecting classical autophagic features, and siRNAs targeting HMGB1 and pharmacological regulators were used to explore the role of the autophagy-lysosome pathway in DR development. The results demonstrated that HG inhibited autophagy and diminished the degradative capacity of autophagy due to lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP). In addition, HMGB1 was found to be involved in LMP via the CTSB (cathepsin B)-dependent pathway, but not the CTSL (cathepsin L)-dependent pathway. Knockdown of HMGB1 expression rescued LMP, restored the degradative capacity of autophagy, decreased the expression of inflammatory factors and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and protected against apoptosis in RPE cells in the early stages of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Feng
- Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Liang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shaochong Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinglu Yang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Yue
- Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, P. R. China
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20
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Zhao Y, Jiang S, Zhang J, Guan XL, Sun BG, Sun L. A virulent Bacillus cereus strain from deep-sea cold seep induces pyroptosis in a manner that involves NLRP3 inflammasome, JNK pathway, and lysosomal rupture. Virulence 2021; 12:1362-1376. [PMID: 34009097 PMCID: PMC8143241 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1926649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the Bacillus species is distributed in deep-sea environments. However, no specific studies on deep-sea Bacillus cereus have been documented. In the present work, we isolated a B. cereus strain, H2, from the deep-sea cold seep in South China Sea. We characterized the pathogenic potential of H2 and investigated H2-induced death of different types of cells. We found that H2 was capable of tissue dissemination and causing acute mortality in mice and fish following intraperitoneal/intramuscular injection. In vitro studies revealed that H2 infection of macrophages induced pyroptosis and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway that contributed partly to cell death. H2 infection activated p38, JNK, and ERK, but only JNK proved to participate in H2-triggered cell death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular Ca2+ were essential to H2-induced activation of JNK and NLRP3 inflammasome. In contrast, lysosomal rupture and cathepsins were required for H2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation but not for JNK activation. This study revealed for the first time the virulence characteristics of deep-sea B. cereus and provided new insights into the mechanism of B. cereus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Deep Sea Research Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Guan
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo-Guang Sun
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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21
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Wang J, Wang L, Zhang X, Xu Y, Chen L, Zhang W, Liu E, Xiao C, Kou Q. Cathepsin B aggravates acute pancreatitis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting the caspase-1-induced pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107496. [PMID: 33639565 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cathepsin B (CTSB), nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1 play an important role in the development of Acute Pancreatitis (AP). Besides, the relationship between the proteins remains poorly understood. In addition, whereas previous studies have found caspase-1 activation in AP, pyroptosis, a caspase-1 induced cell death mode, has never been proposed and proved in AP. METHODS We induced AP in mice by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein. Mice in the inhibitor group of CTSB were pretreated with injection of CA-074me, while mice in the inhibitor group of caspase-1 were of Ac-YVAD-CHO, 1 h earlier. We evaluated the inflammation of the pancreas and the detected expression of activated CTSB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1p20, IL-1β and IL-18. TUNEL staining was used to detect acinar cell death. RESULTS The inflammation of the pancreas in the two inhibitor groups was significantly reduced compared with that in the AP group. We observed that CA-074me not only inhibits CTSB, but also suppresses the expression and activity of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1. We found that CA-074me further inhibits the downstream event of caspase-1, including pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and pyroptosis. Whereas Ac-YVAD-CHO inhibited caspase-1 and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and pyroptosis, it did not down-regulate the expression and activity ofCTSB, NLRP3 and ASC. CONCLUSION The results indicate that CTSB may aggravate AP by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting Caspase-1-induced pyroptosis. These provide clues about the pathophysiological mechanisms of AP, shedding light on new ideas and potential targets for the prevention and treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yanfen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Enhe Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chaoxing Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Qiuye Kou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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22
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Gan L, Wei F, Chai B, A Aljaafreh AAH, Liu X, Duan X, Jiang J, Wang X, He M, Huang X, Cai H, Chen T, Chen H. Progesterone Suppresses Neisseria gonorrhoeae-Induced Inflammation Through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in THP-1 Cells and Murine Models. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:570093. [PMID: 33633700 PMCID: PMC7900005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.570093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic/subclinical gonococcal infections in females continue to be prevalent within the general population, thus emerging as a global health problem. However, the reasons for these clinical manifestations are unknown. Our group had previously found out that in females, asymptomatic gonococcal infections correlate with higher serum progesterone (P4) levels and lower IL-1β levels in cervical secretions. We used murine infection model and THP-1 cells to determine whether P4 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on gonococcal infections. In the murine infection model, P4 (1 mg/day) inhibited the inflammatory effects induced by gonococcal infections which led to decreased neutrophil infiltration, reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) numbers, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in vaginal secretions. In addition, P4 down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3, associated with lower mRNA levels of pro-IL-1β, repressed caspase-1 activity in genital tissues and THP-1 cells. Moreover, P4 suppressed the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and attenuated Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae, gonococci or GC)-induced ROS generation. This is consistent with the two signals required for activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome. In conclusion, our result shows that P4 suppresses the gonococci induced-inflammation, especially through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and partially explains the pathogenesis of asymptomatic GC infection in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingmiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Tchnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao Chai
- Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Amaneh Abdel Hafez A Aljaafreh
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoru Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengwen He
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huahua Cai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tie Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Le Daré B, Ferron PJ, Gicquel T. The Purinergic P2X7 Receptor-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A New Target in Alcoholic Liver Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2139. [PMID: 33670021 PMCID: PMC7926651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has estimated that approximately 3 million deaths are attributable to alcohol consumption each year. Alcohol consumption is notably associated with the development and/or progression of many non-communicable inflammatory diseases-particularly in the liver. Although these alcoholic liver diseases were initially thought to be caused by the toxicity of ethanol on hepatocytes, the latest research indicates Kupffer cells (the liver macrophages) are at the heart of this "inflammatory shift". Purinergic signaling (notably through P2X7 receptors and the NLRP3 inflammasome) by Kupffer cells appears to be a decisive factor in the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease. Hence, the modulation of purinergic signaling might represent a new means of treating alcoholic liver disease. Here, we review current knowledge on the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver diseases and therapeutic perspectives for targeting these inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Le Daré
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, CHU—University Rennes, PREVITOX Network, F-35000 Rennes, France; (B.L.D.); (P.-J.F.)
- Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Ferron
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, CHU—University Rennes, PREVITOX Network, F-35000 Rennes, France; (B.L.D.); (P.-J.F.)
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, CHU—University Rennes, PREVITOX Network, F-35000 Rennes, France; (B.L.D.); (P.-J.F.)
- Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, F-35033 Rennes, France
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24
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Structure, Activation and Regulation of NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020872. [PMID: 33467177 PMCID: PMC7830601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a three-component (sensor, adaptor, and effector) filamentous signaling platform that shields from multiple pathogenic infections by stimulating the proteolytical maturation of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. The signaling process initiates with the detection of endogenous and/or external danger signals by specific sensors, followed by the nucleation and polymerization from sensor to downstream adaptor and then to the effector, caspase-1. Aberrant activation of inflammasomes promotes autoinflammatory diseases, cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiometabolic disorders. Therefore, an equitable level of regulation is required to maintain the equilibrium between inflammasome activation and inhibition. Recent advancement in the structural and mechanistic understanding of inflammasome assembly potentiates the emergence of novel therapeutics against inflammasome-regulated diseases. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the recent and updated insights into the structure of inflammasome components, their activation, interaction, mechanism of regulation, and finally, the formation of densely packed filamentous inflammasome complex that exists as micron-sized punctum in the cells and mediates the immune responses.
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25
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The serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine 4CMenB induces cross-species protection against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008602. [PMID: 33290434 PMCID: PMC7748408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for a gonorrhea vaccine due to the high disease burden associated with gonococcal infections globally and the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng). Current gonorrhea vaccine research is in the stages of antigen discovery and the identification of protective immune responses, and no vaccine has been tested in clinical trials in over 30 years. Recently, however, it was reported in a retrospective case-control study that vaccination of humans with a serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine (MeNZB) was associated with reduced rates of gonorrhea. Here we directly tested the hypothesis that Nm OMVs induce cross-protection against gonorrhea in a well-characterized female mouse model of Ng genital tract infection. We found that immunization with the licensed Nm OMV-based vaccine 4CMenB (Bexsero) significantly accelerated clearance and reduced the Ng bacterial burden compared to administration of alum or PBS. Serum IgG and vaginal IgA and IgG that cross-reacted with Ng OMVs were induced by 4CMenB vaccination by either the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes. Antibodies from vaccinated mice recognized several Ng surface proteins, including PilQ, BamA, MtrE, NHBA (known to be recognized by humans), PorB, and Opa. Immune sera from both mice and humans recognized Ng PilQ and several proteins of similar apparent molecular weight, but MtrE was only recognized by mouse serum. Pooled sera from 4CMenB-immunized mice showed a 4-fold increase in serum bactericidal50 titers against the challenge strain; in contrast, no significant difference in bactericidal activity was detected when sera from 4CMenB-immunized and unimmunized subjects were compared. Our findings directly support epidemiological evidence that Nm OMVs confer cross-species protection against gonorrhea, and implicate several Ng surface antigens as potentially protective targets. Additionally, this study further defines the usefulness of murine infection model as a relevant experimental system for gonorrhea vaccine development.
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26
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Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Bossowska-Nowicka M, Struzik J, Toka FN. Cathepsins in Bacteria-Macrophage Interaction: Defenders or Victims of Circumstance? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:601072. [PMID: 33344265 PMCID: PMC7746538 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.601072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the first encounters of invading bacteria and are responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens through phagocytosis leading to initiation of the innate inflammatory response. Intracellular digestion occurs through a close relationship between phagocytic/endocytic and lysosomal pathways, in which proteolytic enzymes, such as cathepsins, are involved. The presence of cathepsins in the endo-lysosomal compartment permits direct interaction with and killing of bacteria, and may contribute to processing of bacterial antigens for presentation, an event necessary for the induction of antibacterial adaptive immune response. Therefore, it is not surprising that bacteria can control the expression and proteolytic activity of cathepsins, including their inhibitors – cystatins, to favor their own intracellular survival in macrophages. In this review, we summarize recent developments in defining the role of cathepsins in bacteria-macrophage interaction and describe important strategies engaged by bacteria to manipulate cathepsin expression and activity in macrophages. Particularly, we focus on specific bacterial species due to their clinical relevance to humans and animal health, i.e., Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Francisella, Chlamydia, Listeria, Brucella, Helicobacter, Neisseria, and other genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wejskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bossowska-Nowicka
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wejskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Struzik
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wejskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felix N Toka
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wejskiego, Warsaw, Poland.,Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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27
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John CM, Phillips NJ, Jarvis GA. Predominant phosphorylation patterns in Neisseria meningitidis lipid A determined by top-down MS/MS. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1437-1449. [PMID: 32839198 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the virulence factors in Neisseria infections, a major inducer of inflammatory cytokines is the lipooligosaccharide (LOS). The activation of NF-κB via extracellular binding of LOS or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the toll-like receptor 4 and its coreceptor, MD-2, results in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that initiate adaptive immune responses. LOS can also be absorbed by cells and activate intracellular inflammasomes, causing the release of inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. Studies of LOS and LPS have shown that their inflammatory potential is highly dependent on lipid A phosphorylation and acylation, but little is known on the location and pattern of these posttranslational modifications. Herein, we report on the localization of phosphoryl groups on phosphorylated meningococcal lipid A, which has two to three phosphate and zero to two phosphoethanolamine substituents. Intact LOS with symmetrical hexa-acylated and asymmetrical penta-acylated lipid A moieties was subjected to high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry MALDI-TOF MS. LOS molecular ions readily underwent in-source decay to give fragments of the oligosaccharide and lipid A formed by cleavage of the ketosidic linkage, which enabled performing MS/MS (pseudo-MS3). The resulting spectra revealed several patterns of phosphoryl substitution on lipid A, with certain species predominating. The extent of phosphoryl substitution, particularly phosphoethanolaminylation, on the 4'-hydroxyl was greater than that on the 1-hydroxyl. The heretofore unrecognized phosphorylation patterns of lipid A of meningococcal LOS that we detected are likely determinants of both pathogenicity and the ability of the bacteria to evade the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M John
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy J Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gary A Jarvis
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Deo P, Chow SH, Han ML, Speir M, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Dhital S, Emery J, Li J, Kile BT, Vince JE, Lawlor KE, Naderer T. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by outer membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria activates intrinsic apoptosis and inflammation. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:1418-1427. [PMID: 32807891 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensing of microbes activates the innate immune system, depending on functional mitochondria. However, pathogenic bacteria inhibit mitochondrial activity by delivering toxins via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). How macrophages respond to pathogenic microbes that target mitochondria remains unclear. Here, we show that macrophages exposed to OMVs from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa induce mitochondrial apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. OMVs and toxins that cause mitochondrial dysfunction trigger inhibition of host protein synthesis, which depletes the unstable BCL-2 family member MCL-1 and induces BAK-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. In parallel with caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis, mitochondrial apoptosis and potassium ion efflux activate the NLRP3 inflammasome after OMV exposure in vitro. Importantly, in the in vivo setting, the activation and release of interleukin-1β in response to N. gonorrhoeae OMVs is regulated by mitochondrial apoptosis. Our data highlight how innate immune cells sense infections by monitoring mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seong H Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Speir
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Biomedical Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Biomedical Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Subhash Dhital
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack Emery
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Naderer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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29
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Faro J, Romero R, Schwenkel G, Garcia-Flores V, Arenas-Hernandez M, Leng Y, Xu Y, Miller D, Hassan SS, Gomez-Lopez N. Intra-amniotic inflammation induces preterm birth by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1290-1305. [PMID: 30590393 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-amniotic inflammation is strongly associated with spontaneous preterm labor and birth, the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Previous studies have suggested a role for the NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome in the mechanisms that lead to preterm labor and birth. However, a causal link between the NLRP3 inflammasome and preterm labor/birth induced by intra-amniotic inflammation has not been established. Herein, using an animal model of lipopolysaccharide-induced intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), we demonstrated that there was priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome (1) at the transcriptional level, indicated by enhanced mRNA expression of inflammasome-related genes (Nlrp3, Casp1, Il1b); and (2) at the protein level, indicated by greater protein concentrations of NLRP3, in both the fetal membranes and decidua basalis prior to preterm birth. Additionally, we showed that there was canonical activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the fetal membranes, but not in the decidua basalis, prior to IAI-induced preterm birth as evidenced by increased protein levels of active caspase-1. Protein concentrations of released IL1β were also increased in both the fetal membranes and decidua basalis, as well as in the amniotic fluid, prior to IAI-induced preterm birth. Finally, using the specific NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, we showed that in vivo inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome reduced IAI-induced preterm birth and neonatal mortality. Collectively, these results provide a causal link between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and spontaneous preterm labor and birth in the context of intra-amniotic inflammation. We also showed that, by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome, adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes can be significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Faro
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - George Schwenkel
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaozhu Leng
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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30
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Cui M, Liang J, Xu D, Zhao L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Ren S, Liu D, Niu X, Zang YJ, Zhang B. NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in nerve recovery after sciatic nerve injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106492. [PMID: 32402947 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the inflammasome plays an important role in the central nervous system. However, only a few studies have investigated the effects of inflammasome activation in the peripheral nerve, especially in the sciatic nerve, and the mechanism of this activation remains elusive. Moreover, how interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is produced after sciatic nerve injury is also unknown. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated after sciatic nerve injury and to explore its role in sciatic nerve injury. The results of immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated after sciatic nerve injury in wild-type (WT) mice, as demonstrated by upregulated inflammasome-related components, e.g., NLRP3, procaspase-1 and ASC. Furthermore, upregulated inflammasome-related components cis-cleavage precursor IL-1β (proIL-1β) and precursor interleukin-18 (proIL-18) to IL-1β and IL-18, contributing to the inflammatory response. Consequently, the inflammatory response after sciatic nerve injury in NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-KO) mice was less severe than that in WT mice. Moreover, NLRP3-KO mice exhibited an increased sciatic functional index (SFI), which was determined by footprint analysis, suggesting that NLRP3 deficiency is beneficial to sciatic nerve recovery after injury. Therefore, our results indicate that NLRP3 is involved in the recovery from sciatic nerve injury and mediates the production of inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β, after sciatic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Cui
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zhao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Shurong Ren
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Dongkai Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Xuanxuan Niu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Yun-Jin Zang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, PR China.
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
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31
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Li LH, Chen TL, Chiu HW, Hsu CH, Wang CC, Tai TT, Ju TC, Chen FH, Chernikov OV, Tsai WC, Hua KF. Critical Role for the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mediating IL-1β Production in Shigella sonnei-Infected Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1115. [PMID: 32582195 PMCID: PMC7283925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella is one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea worldwide, affecting more than 165 million people annually. Among the serotypes of Shigella, Shigella sonnei is physiologically unique and endemic in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men who have sex with men. The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a protein complex composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, and caspase-1, recognizes, and responds to pathogen infection and diverse sterile host-derived or environmental danger signals to induce IL-1β and IL-18 production. Although the Shigella flexneri-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported, the effect of S. sonnei on NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unclear. We found that S. sonnei induced IL-1β production through NLRP3-dependent pathways in lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages. A mechanistic study revealed that S. sonnei induced IL-1β production through P2X7 receptor-mediated potassium efflux, reactive oxygen species generation, lysosomal acidification, and mitochondrial damage. In addition, the phagocytosis of viable S. sonnei was important for IL-1β production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NLRP3 negatively regulated phagocytosis and the bactericidal activity of macrophages against S. sonnei. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by S. sonnei in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Wang
- Infectious Disease Division, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Tai
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Chuen Ju
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Oleg V Chernikov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hameed A, Woodacre A, Machado LR, Marsden GL. An Updated Classification System and Review of the Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis Gene Locus in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:677. [PMID: 32508756 PMCID: PMC7248181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is an integral component of the Campylobacter cell membrane with a structure of core oligosaccharides forming inner and outer core regions and a lipid A moiety. The gene content of the LOS core biosynthesis cluster exhibits extensive sequence variation, which leads to the production of variable cell surface LOS structures in Campylobacter. Some LOS outer core molecules in Campylobacter jejuni are molecular mimics of host structures (such as neuronal gangliosides) and are thought to trigger neuronal disorders (particularly Guillain–Barré syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome) in humans. The extensive genetic variation in the LOS biosynthesis gene cluster, a majority of which occurs in the LOS outer core biosynthesis gene content present between lgtF and waaV, has led to the development of a classification system with 23 classes (A–W) and four groups (1–4) for the C. jejuni LOS region. This review presents an updated and simplified classification system for LOS typing alongside an overview of the frequency of C. jejuni LOS biosynthesis genotypes and structures in various C. jejuni populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hameed
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Woodacre
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lee R Machado
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
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Aral K, Milward MR, Kapila Y, Berdeli A, Cooper PR. Inflammasomes and their regulation in periodontal disease: A review. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:473-487. [PMID: 31960443 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is secreted by host tissues leading to periodontal tissue inflammation, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The conversion of pro-IL-1β into its biologically active form is controlled by multiprotein complexes named as inflammasomes, which are key regulator of host defense mechanisms and inflammasome involved diseases, including the periodontal diseases. Inflammasomes are regulated by different proteins and processes, including pyrin domain (PYD)-only proteins (POPs), CARD-only proteins (COPs), tripartite motif family proteins (TRIMs), autophagy, and interferons. A review of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data from these publications revealed that several inflammasomes including (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) have been found to be involved in periodontal disease pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, the current article provides the first review of the literature focusing on studies that evaluated both inflammasomes and their regulators in periodontal disease. An upregulation for inflammasomes and a downregulation of inflammasome regulator proteins including POPs, COPs, and TRIMs have been reported in periodontal disease. Although interferons (types I and II) and autophagy have been found to be involved in periodontal disease, their possible role in inflammasome activation has not evaluated yet. Modulating the excessive inflammatory response by the use of inflammasome regulators may have potential in the management of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Aral
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michael R Milward
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences, The School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Afig Berdeli
- Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Jia C, Zhang J, Chen H, Zhuge Y, Chen H, Qian F, Zhou K, Niu C, Wang F, Qiu H, Wang Z, Xiao J, Rong X, Chu M. Endothelial cell pyroptosis plays an important role in Kawasaki disease via HMGB1/RAGE/cathespin B signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:778. [PMID: 31611559 PMCID: PMC6791856 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of pediatric cardiac disease in developed countries, and can lead to permanent coronary artery damage and long term sequelae such as coronary artery aneurysms. Given the prevalence and severity of KD, further research is warranted on its pathophysiology. It is known that endothelial cell damage and inflammation are two essential processes resulting in the coronary endothelial dysfunction in KD. However, detailed mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of pyroptosis in the setting of KD, and hypothesized that pyroptosis may play a central role in its pathophysiology. In vivo experiments of patients with KD demonstrated that serum levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, including ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, GSDMD and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), were significantly increased in KD compared with healthy controls (HCs). Moreover, western blot analysis showed that the expression of GSDMD and mature IL-1β was notably elevated in KD sera. In vitro, exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to KD sera-treated THP1 cells resulted in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis induction, as evidenced by elevated expression of caspase-1, GSDMD, cleaved p30 form of GSDMD, IL-1β and IL-18, and increased LDH release and TUNEL and propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells. Furthermore, our results showed that NLRP3-dependent endothelial cell pyroptosis was activated by HMGB1/RAGE/cathepsin B signaling. These findings were also recapitulated in a mouse model of KD induced by Candida albicans cell wall extracts (CAWS). Together, our findings suggest that endothelial cell pyroptosis may play a significant role in coronary endothelial damage in KD, providing novel evidence that further elucidates its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yingzhi Zhuge
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Huiqiao Chen
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Fanyu Qian
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Huixian Qiu
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhenquan Wang
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Maoping Chu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Lee CC, Tung CY, Wu CC, Lin TL. AVIAN INNATE IMMUNITY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON CHICKEN MELANOMA DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED GENE 5 (MDA5). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1682648519300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Avian species have immune system to fight invading pathogens. The immune system comprises innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity relies on pattern recognition receptors to sense particular molecules present in pathogens, i.e. pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), or danger signals in the environment, i.e. danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Cytoplasmic retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) are the sensors recognizing cytoplasmic PAMP and/or DAMP. Among common avian species, chickens do not have RIG-I whereas ducks and finches do. Therefore, the other RLR member, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), is believed to play an important role to recognize intracellular pathogens in chickens. Chicken MDA5 has been identified and its function determined. Chicken MDA5 maintains the same domain architecture compared with MDA5 analogs in other animal species. The expression of chicken MDA5 was upregulated when a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acids (poly(I:C)), was transfected into chicken cells, whereas that did not change when cells were incubated with poly(I:C). The enhanced expression of chicken MDA5 in chicken cells upregulated the expression of chicken interferon-[Formula: see text] (IFN-[Formula: see text]). The infection of dsRNA infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in non-immune cells triggered the activation of chicken MDA5 signaling pathway, leading to the production of IFN-[Formula: see text] and subsequent response of IFN-stimulated genes. Furthermore, in immune cells like macrophages, chicken MDA5 participated in sensing the infection of IBDV by activating downstream antiviral genes and molecules and modulating adaptive immunity.On the contrary, one of cytoplasmic NLR member, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), was cloned and functionally characterized in chicken cells. Chicken NLRP3 conserved the same domain architecture compared with NLRP3 analogs in other animal species. Chicken NLRP3 was highly expressed in kidney, bursa of Fabricius and spleen. The production of mature chicken interleukin 1 [Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text] in chicken macrophages was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment followed by short ATP exposure.In summary, chicken MDA5 was a cytoplasmic dsRNA sensor that mediated the production of type I IFN upon ligand engagement, whereas NLRP3 sensed danger signals, such as ATP, in the cytoplasm and cleaved pro-IL-1[Formula: see text] to produce mature IL-1[Formula: see text]. Chicken MDA5 was not only involved in the activation of innate immune responses in non-immune and immune cells, but it also participated in modulating adaptive immunity in immune cells. Chicken NLRP3 participated in the production of mature chicken IL-1[Formula: see text] upon ligand engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Lee
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Tung
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ching Ching Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R. O. C
| | - Tsang Long Lin
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Li LH, Lin JS, Chiu HW, Lin WY, Ju TC, Chen FH, Chernikov OV, Liu ML, Chang JC, Hsu CH, Chen A, Ka SM, Gao HW, Hua KF. Mechanistic Insight Into the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1815. [PMID: 31417575 PMCID: PMC6685137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonorrhea is a type III legal communicable disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), one of the most common sexually transmitted bacteria worldwide. NG infection can cause urethritis or systemic inflammation and may lead to infertility or other complications. The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and caspase-1 and is an important part of the cellular machinery controlling the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and the pathogenesis of numerous infectious diseases. It has been reported that NG infection activates the NLRP3 inflammasome; however, the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this report, the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of NG-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages were studied. The results indicated that viable NG, but not heat-killed or freeze/thaw-killed NG, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages through toll-like receptor 2, but not toll-like receptor 4. NG infection provided the priming signal to the NLRP3 inflammasome that induced the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β precursor through the nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In addition, NG infection provided the activation signal to the NLRP3 inflammasome that activated caspase-1 through P2X7 receptor-dependent potassium efflux, lysosomal acidification, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species production pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NLRP3 knockout increased phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages and increases the bactericidal activity of macrophages against NG. These findings provide potential molecular targets for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs that could ameliorate NG-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sing Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Chuen Ju
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Oleg V Chernikov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (PIBOC), Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - May-Lan Liu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Toko University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Che Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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37
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Gulati S, Beurskens FJ, de Kreuk BJ, Roza M, Zheng B, DeOliveira RB, Shaughnessy J, Nowak NA, Taylor RP, Botto M, He X, Ingalls RR, Woodruff TM, Song WC, Schuurman J, Rice PA, Ram S. Complement alone drives efficacy of a chimeric antigonococcal monoclonal antibody. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000323. [PMID: 31216278 PMCID: PMC6602280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global health problem. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2C7 recognizes a gonococcal lipooligosaccharide epitope that is expressed by >95% of clinical isolates and hastens gonococcal vaginal clearance in mice. Chimeric mAb 2C7 (human immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1]) with an E430G Fc modification that enhances Fc:Fc interactions and hexamerization following surface-target binding and increases complement activation (HexaBody technology) showed significantly greater C1q engagement and C4 and C3 deposition compared to mAb 2C7 with wild-type Fc. Greater complement activation by 2C7-E430G Fc translated to increased bactericidal activity in vitro and, consequently, enhanced efficacy in mice, compared with “Fc-unmodified” chimeric 2C7. Gonococci bind the complement inhibitors factor H (FH) and C4b-binding protein (C4BP) in a human-specific manner, which dampens antibody (Ab)-mediated complement-dependent killing. The variant 2C7-E430G Fc overcame the barrier posed by these inhibitors in human FH/C4BP transgenic mice, for which a single 1 μg intravenous dose cleared established infection. Chlamydia frequently coexists with and exacerbates gonorrhea; 2C7-E430G Fc also proved effective against gonorrhea in gonorrhea/chlamydia-coinfected mice. Complement activation alone was necessary and sufficient for 2C7 function, evidenced by the fact that (1) “complement-inactive” Fc modifications that engaged Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) rendered 2C7 ineffective, nonetheless; (2) 2C7 was nonfunctional in C1q−/− mice, when C5 function was blocked, or in C9−/− mice; and (3) 2C7 remained effective in neutrophil-depleted mice and in mice treated with PMX205, a C5a receptor (C5aR1) inhibitor. We highlight the importance of complement activation for antigonococcal Ab function in the genital tract. Elucidating the correlates of protection against gonorrhea will inform the development of Ab-based gonococcal vaccines and immunotherapeutics. A chimeric antibody that contains a "complement-enhancing" mutation in Fc (so-called HexaBody technology) shows increased bactericidal activity compared to antibody bearing wild-type Fc and may represent a promising immunotherapeutic approach against multidrug-resistant gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Gulati
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Bo Zheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rosane B. DeOliveira
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jutamas Shaughnessy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Nowak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronald P. Taylor
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Marina Botto
- Center for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xianbao He
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robin R. Ingalls
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Peter A. Rice
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SR); (FJB)
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Glucosylceramidase Maintains Influenza Virus Infection by Regulating Endocytosis. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00017-19. [PMID: 30918081 PMCID: PMC6613767 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00017-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is the pathogen responsible for the second largest pandemic in human history. A better understanding of how influenza virus enters host cells may lead to the development of more-efficacious therapies against emerging strains of the virus. Here we show that the glycosphingolipid metabolizing enzyme glucosylceramidase is required for optimal influenza virus trafficking to late endosomes and for consequent fusion, entry, and infection. We also provide evidence that promotion of influenza virus entry by glucosylceramidase extends to other endosome-entering viruses and is due to a general requirement for this enzyme, and hence for optimal levels of glucosylceramide, for efficient trafficking of endogenous cargos, such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, along the endocytic pathway. This work therefore has implications for the basic process of endocytosis as well as for pathogenic processes, including virus entry and Gaucher disease. Influenza virus is an RNA virus encapsulated in a lipid bilayer derived from the host cell plasma membrane. Previous studies showed that influenza virus infection depends on cellular lipids, including the sphingolipids sphingomyelin and sphingosine. Here we examined the role of a third sphingolipid, glucosylceramide, in influenza virus infection following clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats with Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9)-mediated knockout (KO) of its metabolizing enzyme glucosylceramidase (GBA). After confirming GBA knockout of HEK 293 and A549 cells by both Western blotting and lipid mass spectrometry, we observed diminished infection in both KO cell lines by a PR8 (H1N1) green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter virus. We further showed that the reduction in infection correlated with impaired influenza virus trafficking to late endosomes and hence with fusion and entry. To examine whether GBA is required for other enveloped viruses, we compared the results seen with entry mediated by the glycoproteins of Ebola virus, influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and measles virus in GBA knockout cells. Entry inhibition was relatively robust for Ebola virus and influenza virus, modest for VSV, and mild for measles virus, suggesting a greater role for viruses that enter cells by fusing with late endosomes. As the virus studies suggested a general role for GBA along the endocytic pathway, we tested that hypothesis and found that trafficking of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to late endosomes and degradation of its receptor were impaired in GBA knockout cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that GBA is critically important for endocytic trafficking of viruses as well as of cellular cargos, including growth factor receptors. Modulation of glucosylceramide levels may therefore represent a novel accompaniment to strategies to antagonize “late-penetrating” viruses, including influenza virus. IMPORTANCE Influenza virus is the pathogen responsible for the second largest pandemic in human history. A better understanding of how influenza virus enters host cells may lead to the development of more-efficacious therapies against emerging strains of the virus. Here we show that the glycosphingolipid metabolizing enzyme glucosylceramidase is required for optimal influenza virus trafficking to late endosomes and for consequent fusion, entry, and infection. We also provide evidence that promotion of influenza virus entry by glucosylceramidase extends to other endosome-entering viruses and is due to a general requirement for this enzyme, and hence for optimal levels of glucosylceramide, for efficient trafficking of endogenous cargos, such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, along the endocytic pathway. This work therefore has implications for the basic process of endocytosis as well as for pathogenic processes, including virus entry and Gaucher disease.
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Neisseria meningitidis-Induced Caspase-1 Activation in Human Innate Immune Cells Is LOS-Dependent. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:6193186. [PMID: 31198794 PMCID: PMC6526529 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6193186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningococcal disease such as sepsis and meningitidis is hallmarked by an excessive inflammatory response. The causative agent, Neisseria meningitidis, expresses the endotoxin lipooligosaccharide (LOS) that is responsible for activation of immune cells and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. One of the most potent proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), is activated following caspase-1 activity in the intracellular multiprotein complex called inflammasome. Inflammasomes are activated by a number of microbial factors as well as danger molecules by a two-step mechanism-priming and licensing of inflammasome activation-but there are no data available regarding a role for inflammasome activation in meningococcal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if N. meningitidis activates the inflammasome and, if so, the role of bacterial LOS in this activation. Cells were subjected to N. meningitidis, both wild-type (FAM20) and its LOS-deficient mutant (lpxA), and priming as well as licensing of inflammasome activation was investigated. The wild-type LOS-expressing parental FAM20 serogroup C N. meningitidis (FAM20) strain significantly enhanced the caspase-1 activity in human neutrophils and monocytes, whereas lpxA was unable to induce caspase-1 activity as well as to induce IL-1β release. While the lpxA mutant induced a priming response, measured as increased expression of NLRP3 and IL1B, the LOS-expressing FAM20 further increased this priming. We conclude that although non-LOS components of N. meningitidis contribute to the priming of the inflammasome activity, LOS per se is to be considered as the central component of N. meningitidis virulence, responsible for both priming and licensing of inflammasome activation.
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Tezcan G, Martynova EV, Gilazieva ZE, McIntyre A, Rizvanov AA, Khaiboullina SF. MicroRNA Post-transcriptional Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Immunopathologies. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:451. [PMID: 31118894 PMCID: PMC6504709 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a crucial role in protection against various pathogens. The inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein signaling complex that is linked to pathogen sensing and initiation of the inflammatory response in physiological and pathological conditions. The most characterized inflammasome is the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a known sensor of cell stress and is tightly regulated in resting cells. However, altered regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is found in several pathological conditions, including autoimmune disease and cancer. NLRP3 expression was shown to be post-transcriptionally regulated and multiple miRNA have been implicated in post-transcriptional regulation of the inflammasome. Therefore, in recent years, miRNA based post-transcriptional control of NLRP3 has become a focus of much research, especially as a potential therapeutic approach. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent investigations on the role of miRNA in the post-transcriptional control of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key regulator of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-18 cytokine production. Current approaches to targeting the inflammasome product were shown to be an effective treatment for diseases linked to NLRP3 overexpression. Although utilizing NLRP3 targeting miRNAs was shown to be a successful therapeutic approach in several animal models, their therapeutic application in patients remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Tezcan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Zarema E. Gilazieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Maymon E, Kusanovic JP, Panaitescu B, Miller D, Pacora P, Tarca AL, Motomura K, Erez O, Jung E, Hassan SS, Hsu CD. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term IX: in vivo evidence of intra-amniotic inflammasome activation. J Perinat Med 2019; 47:276-287. [PMID: 30412466 PMCID: PMC6445729 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2018-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The inflammasome has been implicated in the mechanisms that lead to spontaneous labor at term. However, whether the inflammasome is activated in the amniotic cavity of women with clinical chorioamnionitis at term is unknown. Herein, by measuring extracellular ASC [apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD)], we investigated whether there is in vivo inflammasome activation in amniotic fluid of patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation and in those with intra-amniotic infection. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that included amniotic fluid samples collected from 76 women who delivered after spontaneous term labor with diagnosed clinical chorioamnionitis. Intra-amniotic inflammation was defined as an elevated amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6 concentration ≥2.6 ng/mL, and intra-amniotic infection was diagnosed by the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) accompanied by intra-amniotic inflammation. Patients were classified into the following groups: (1) women without intra-amniotic inflammation or infection (n=16); (2) women with MIAC but without intra-amniotic inflammation (n=5); (3) women with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation (n=15); and (4) women with intra-amniotic infection (n=40). As a readout of in vivo inflammasome activation, extracellular ASC was measured in amniotic fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acute inflammatory responses in the amniotic fluid and placenta were also evaluated. Results In clinical chorioamnionitis at term: (1) amniotic fluid concentrations of ASC (extracellular ASC is indicative of in vivo inflammasome activation) and IL-6 were greater in women with intra-amniotic infection than in those without intra-amniotic inflammation, regardless of the presence of MIAC; (2) amniotic fluid concentrations of ASC and IL-6 were also higher in women with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation than in those without intra-amniotic inflammation, regardless of the presence of MIAC; (3) amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-6, but not ASC, were more elevated in women with intra-amniotic infection than in those with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation; (4) a positive and significant correlation was observed between amniotic fluid concentrations of ASC and IL-6; (5) no differences were observed in amniotic fluid ASC and IL-6 concentrations between women with and without MIAC in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation; (6) women with intra-amniotic infection had elevated white blood cell counts and reduced glucose levels in amniotic fluid compared to the other three study groups; and (7) women with intra-amniotic infection presented higher frequencies of acute maternal and fetal inflammatory responses in the placenta than those with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation. Conclusion The intra-amniotic inflammatory response, either induced by alarmins or microbes, is characterized by the activation of the inflammasome - as evidenced by elevated amniotic fluid concentrations of extracellular ASC - in women with clinical chorioamnionitis at term. These findings provide insight into the intra-amniotic inflammatory response in women with clinical chorioamnionitis at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eli Maymon
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan-Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenichiro Motomura
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Campos PC, Gomes MTR, Marinho FAV, Guimarães ES, de Moura Lodi Cruz MGF, Oliveira SC. Brucella abortus nitric oxide metabolite regulates inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in murine macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1023-1037. [PMID: 30919410 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex crucial to caspase-1 activation and IL-1β and IL-18 maturation. This receptor participates in innate immune responses to different pathogens, including the bacteria of genus Brucella. Our group recently demonstrated that Brucella abortus-induced IL-1β secretion involves NLRP3 inflammasome and it is partially dependent on mitochondrial ROS production. However, other factors could be involved, such as P2X7-dependent potassium efflux, membrane destabilization, and cathepsin release. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that nitric oxide acts as a modulator of NLRP3 inflammasome. The aim of this study was to unravel the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by B. abortus, as well as the involvement of bacterial nitric oxide (NO) as a modulator of this inflammasome pathway. We demonstrated that NO produced by B. abortus can be used by the bacteria to modulate IL-1β secretion in infected murine macrophages. Additionally, our results suggest that B. abortus-induced IL-1β secretion depends on a P2X7-independent potassium efflux, lysosomal acidification, cathepsin release, mechanisms clearly associated to NLRP3 inflammasome. In summary, our results help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 activation and regulation during an intracellular bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Carneiro Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Antônio Vitarelli Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erika Sousa Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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McHugh BJ, Wang R, Li HN, Beaumont PE, Kells R, Stevens H, Young L, Rossi AG, Gray RD, Dorin JR, Gwyer Findlay EL, Brough D, Davidson DJ. Cathelicidin is a "fire alarm", generating protective NLRP3-dependent airway epithelial cell inflammatory responses during infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007694. [PMID: 30978238 PMCID: PMC6481867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections are a major global cause of morbidity, exacerbated by an increasing threat from antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In this context, therapeutic interventions aimed at protectively modulating host responses, to enhance defence against infection, take on ever greater significance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important multidrug-resistant, opportunistic respiratory pathogen, the clearance of which can be enhanced in vivo by the innate immune modulatory properties of antimicrobial host defence peptides from the cathelicidin family, including human LL-37. Initially described primarily as bactericidal agents, cathelicidins are now recognised as multifunctional antimicrobial immunomodulators, modifying host responses to pathogens, but the key mechanisms involved in these protective functions are not yet defined. We demonstrate that P. aeruginosa infection of airway epithelial cells promotes extensive infected cell internalisation of LL-37, in a manner that is dependent upon epithelial cell interaction with live bacteria, but does not require bacterial Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS). Internalised LL-37 acts as a second signal to induce inflammasome activation in airway epithelial cells, which, in contrast to myeloid cells, are relatively unresponsive to P. aeruginosa. We demonstrate that this is mechanistically dependent upon cathepsin B release, and NLRP3-dependent activation of caspase 1. These result in LL-37-mediated release of IL-1β and IL-18 in a manner that is synergistic with P. aeruginosa infection, and can induce caspase 1-dependent death of infected epithelial cells, and promote neutrophil chemotaxis. We propose that cathelicidin can therefore act as a second signal, required by P. aeruginosa infected epithelial cells to promote an inflammasome-mediated altruistic cell death of infection-compromised epithelial cells and act as a "fire alarm" to enhance rapid escalation of protective inflammatory responses to an uncontrolled infection. Understanding this novel modulatory role for cathelicidins, has the potential to inform development of novel therapeutic strategies to antibiotic-resistant pathogens, harnessing innate immunity as a complementation or alternative to current interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. McHugh
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rongling Wang
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hsin-Ni Li
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paula E. Beaumont
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekah Kells
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Stevens
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Young
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Julia R. Dorin
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily L. Gwyer Findlay
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J. Davidson
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queens’ Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Tartey S, Kanneganti TD. Differential role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in infection and tumorigenesis. Immunology 2019; 156:329-338. [PMID: 30666624 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cancer initiation and progression. Emerging evidence indicates that inflammasomes play a central role in regulating immune cell functions in various infections and cancer. Inflammasomes are multimeric complexes consisting of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) -like receptors (NLRs). Among the NLRs, NOD1, NOD2 and NLRP3 respond to a variety of endogenous (i.e. damage-associated molecular patterns) and exogenous (i.e. pathogen-associated molecular patterns) stimuli. The NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with the onset and progression of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including metabolic disorders, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome. NLRP3 is also associated with a wide variety of infections and tumorigenesis that are closely correlated with chemotherapy response and prognosis. In this review, we explore the rapidly expanding body of research on the expression and functions of NLRP3 in infections and cancers and outline novel inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome that could be developed as therapeutic alternatives to current anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Tartey
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Escobar A, Rodas PI, Acuña-Castillo C. Macrophage- Neisseria gonorrhoeae Interactions: A Better Understanding of Pathogen Mechanisms of Immunomodulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3044. [PMID: 30627130 PMCID: PMC6309159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a significant health problem worldwide due to multi-drug resistance issues and absence of an effective vaccine. Patients infected with N. gonorrhoeae have not shown a better immune response in successive infections. This might be explained by the fact that N. gonorrhoeae possesses several mechanisms to evade the innate and adaptative immune responses at different levels. Macrophages are a key cellular component in the innate immune response against microorganisms. The current information suggests that gonococcus can hijack the host response by mechanisms that involve the control of macrophages activity. In this mini review, we intend to condense the recent knowledge on the macrophage–N. gonorrhoeae interactions with a focus on strategies developed by gonococcus to evade or to exploit immune response to establish a successful infection. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of therapeutics for controlling immune manipulation by N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Escobar
- Laboratorio Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula I Rodas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Médica y Patogénesis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudio Acuña-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Younger D, Murugan M, Rama Rao KV, Wu LJ, Chandra N. Microglia Receptors in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5202-5228. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lenz JD, Dillard JP. Pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the Host Defense in Ascending Infections of Human Fallopian Tube. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2710. [PMID: 30524442 PMCID: PMC6258741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes mucosal surface infections of male and female reproductive tracts, pharynx, rectum, and conjunctiva. Asymptomatic or unnoticed infections in the lower reproductive tract of women can lead to serious, long-term consequences if these infections ascend into the fallopian tube. The damage caused by gonococcal infection and the subsequent inflammatory response produce the condition known as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Infection can lead to tubal scarring, occlusion of the oviduct, and loss of critical ciliated cells. Consequences of the damage sustained on the fallopian tube epithelium include increased risk of ectopic pregnancy and tubal-factor infertility. Additionally, the resolution of infection can produce new adhesions between internal tissues, which can tear and reform, producing chronic pelvic pain. As a bacterium adapted to life in a human host, the gonococcus presents a challenge to the development of model systems for probing host-microbe interactions. Advances in small-animal models have yielded previously unattainable data on systemic immune responses, but the specificity of N. gonorrhoeae for many known (and unknown) host targets remains a constant hurdle. Infections of human volunteers are possible, though they present ethical and logistical challenges, and are necessarily limited to males due to the risk of severe complications in women. It is routine, however, that normal, healthy fallopian tubes are removed in the course of different gynecological surgeries (namely hysterectomy), making the very tissue most consequentially damaged during ascending gonococcal infection available for laboratory research. The study of fallopian tube organ cultures has allowed the opportunity to observe gonococcal biology and immune responses in a complex, multi-layered tissue from a natural host. Forty-five years since the first published example of human fallopian tube being infected ex vivo with N. gonorrhoeae, we review what modeling infections in human tissue explants has taught us about the gonococcus, what we have learned about the defenses mounted by the human host in the upper female reproductive tract, what other fields have taught us about ciliated and non-ciliated cell development, and ultimately offer suggestions regarding the next generation of model systems to help expand our ability to study gonococcal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Lenz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joseph P Dillard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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An Z, Su J. Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein 34 elicits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species in RAW264.7 macrophages. Microbes Infect 2018; 21:143-153. [PMID: 30439507 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a Gram-negative bacterium, which acts as an opportunistic pathogen and causes hospital-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia by infecting the alveoli of epithelial cells and macrophages. Evidence reveals that A. baumannii outer membrane protein 34 (Omp34) elicits cellular immune responses and inflammation. The innate immunity NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome exerts critical function against pneumonia caused by A. baumannii infection, however, the role of Omp34 in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its corresponding regulatory mechanism are not clearly elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate whether Omp34 elicited NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results showed that Omp34 triggered cell pyroptosis by up-regulating the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins and IL-1β release in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Omp34 induced the expression of caspase-1-p10 and IL-1β, which was significantly attenuated by NLRP3 gene silencing in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Additionally, Omp34 stimulated RAW264.7 mitochondria to generate ROS, while the ROS scavenger Mito-TEMPO inhibited the Omp34-triggered expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins and IL-1β synthesis. The above findings indicate that mitochondria-derived ROS play an important role in the process of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In summary, our study demonstrates that the A. baumannii pathogen pattern recognition receptor Omp34 activates NLRP3 inflammasome via mitochondria-derived ROS in RAW264.7 cells. Accordingly, down-regulating the mitochondria-derived ROS prevents the severe infection consequences caused by A. baumannii-induced NLRP3 inflammasome hyper-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan An
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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Mohareer K, Asalla S, Banerjee S. Cell death at the cross roads of host-pathogen interaction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:99-121. [PMID: 30514519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading cause of death by any single infectious agent, accounting for around 1.7 million annual deaths globally, despite several interventions and support programs by national and international agencies. With the development of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), there has been a paradigm shift in TB research towards host-directed therapy. The potential targets include the interactions between host and bacterial proteins that are crucial for pathogenesis. Hence, collective efforts are being made to understand the molecular details of host-pathogen interaction for possible translation into host-directed therapy. The present review focuses on 'host cell death modalities' of host-pathogen interaction, which play a crucial role in determining the outcome of TB disease progression. Several cell death modalities that occur in response to mycobacterial infection have been identified in human macrophages either as host defences for bacterial clearance or as pathogen strategies for multiplication and dissemination. These cell death modalities include apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, pyronecrosis, NETosis, and autophagy. These processes are highly overlapping with several mycobacterial proteins participating in more than one cell death pathway. Until now, reviews in M. tb and host cell death have discussed either focusing on host evasion strategies, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis or describing all these forms with limited discussions of their role in host-pathogen interactions. Here, we present a comprehensive review of various mycobacterial factors modulating host cell death pathways and the cross-talk between them. Besides this, we have discussed the networking of host cell death pathways including the interference of host miRNA during M. tb infection with their respective targets. Through this review, we present the host targets that overlap across several cell death modalities and the technical limitations of methodology in cell death research. Given the compelling need to discover alternative drug target(s), this review identifies these overlapping cell death factors as potential targets for host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaveni Mohareer
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046
| | - Suman Asalla
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046
| | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046.
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50
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Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Panaitescu B, Leng Y, Xu Y, Tarca AL, Faro J, Pacora P, Hassan SS, Hsu CD. Inflammasome activation during spontaneous preterm labor with intra-amniotic infection or sterile intra-amniotic inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13049. [PMID: 30225853 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The inflammasome is implicated in the mechanisms that lead to spontaneous preterm labor (PTL). However, whether there is inflammasome activation in the amniotic cavity of women with PTL and intra-amniotic infection (IAI) or sterile intra-amniotic inflammation (SIAI) is unknown. METHOD OF STUDY Amniotic fluid samples were collected from women with PTL who delivered at term (n = 31) or preterm without IAI or SIAI (n = 35), with SIAI (n = 27), or with IAI (n = 17). As a readout of inflammasome activation, extracellular ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) was measured in amniotic fluid by ELISA and the expression of ASC, caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-1β was detected in the chorioamniotic membranes by multiplex immunofluorescence. Acute inflammatory responses in amniotic fluid and the placenta were also evaluated. RESULTS (a) Amniotic fluid concentrations of ASC and IL-6 were higher in women with PTL and IAI or SIAI than in those who delivered preterm or at term without intra-amniotic inflammation; (b) amniotic fluid concentrations of ASC and IL-6 were lower in women with PTL and SIAI than in those with IAI; (c) there was a significant nonlinear correlation between ASC and IL-6 amniotic fluid concentrations; (d) the expression of inflammasome-related proteins (ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β) in the chorioamniotic membranes was increased in women with PTL and IAI or SIAI than in those who delivered preterm or at term without intra-amniotic inflammation; (e) inflammasome activation in the chorioamniotic membranes was weaker in women with PTL and SIAI than in those with IAI; (f) women with PTL and IAI had elevated amniotic fluid white blood cell counts compared to those without this clinical condition; and (g) severe acute placental inflammatory lesions were observed in women with PTL and IAI and in a subset of women with PTL and SIAI. CONCLUSION Inflammasome activation occurs in the settings of intra-amniotic infection and sterile intra-amniotic inflammation during spontaneous preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yaozhu Leng
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jonathan Faro
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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