1
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Vyasamneni R, Kohler V, Karki B, Mahimkar G, Esaulova E, McGee J, Kallin D, Sheen JH, Harjanto D, Kirsch M, Poran A, Dong J, Srinivasan L, Gaynor RB, Bushway ME, Srouji JR. A universal MHCII technology platform to characterize antigen-specific CD4 + T cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100388. [PMID: 36814840 PMCID: PMC9939426 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are critical to the immune system and perform multiple functions; therefore, their identification and characterization are crucial to better understanding the immune system in both health and disease states. However, current methods rarely preserve their ex vivo phenotype, thus limiting our understanding of their in vivo functions. Here we introduce a flexible, rapid, and robust platform for ex vivo CD4+ T cell identification. By combining MHCII allele purification, allele-independent peptide loading, and multiplexed flow cytometry technologies, we can enable high-throughput personalized CD4+ T cell identification, immunophenotyping, and sorting. Using this platform in combination with single-cell sorting and multimodal analyses, we identified and characterized antigen-specific CD4+ T cells relevant to COVID-19 and cancer neoantigen immunotherapy. Overall, our platform can be used to detect and characterize CD4+ T cells across multiple diseases, with potential to guide CD4+ T cell epitope design for any disease-specific immunization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Binisha Karki
- BioNTech US, Inc., 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gauri Mahimkar
- BioNTech US, Inc., 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jonathan McGee
- BioNTech US, Inc., 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Kallin
- BioNTech US, Inc., 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Dewi Harjanto
- BioNTech US, Inc., 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Miles Kirsch
- BioNTech US, Inc., 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Asaf Poran
- BioNTech US, Inc., 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jesse Dong
- BioNTech US, Inc., 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - John R. Srouji
- BioNTech US, Inc., 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Hu Z, Leet DE, Allesøe RL, Oliveira G, Li S, Luoma AM, Liu J, Forman J, Huang T, Iorgulescu JB, Holden R, Sarkizova S, Gohil SH, Redd RA, Sun J, Elagina L, Giobbie-Hurder A, Zhang W, Peter L, Ciantra Z, Rodig S, Olive O, Shetty K, Pyrdol J, Uduman M, Lee PC, Bachireddy P, Buchbinder EI, Yoon CH, Neuberg D, Pentelute BL, Hacohen N, Livak KJ, Shukla SA, Olsen LR, Barouch DH, Wucherpfennig KW, Fritsch EF, Keskin DB, Wu CJ, Ott PA. Personal neoantigen vaccines induce persistent memory T cell responses and epitope spreading in patients with melanoma. Nat Med 2021; 27:515-525. [PMID: 33479501 PMCID: PMC8273876 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-01206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Personal neoantigen vaccines have been envisioned as an effective approach to induce, amplify and diversify antitumor T cell responses. To define the long-term effects of such a vaccine, we evaluated the clinical outcome and circulating immune responses of eight patients with surgically resected stage IIIB/C or IVM1a/b melanoma, at a median of almost 4 years after treatment with NeoVax, a long-peptide vaccine targeting up to 20 personal neoantigens per patient ( NCT01970358 ). All patients were alive and six were without evidence of active disease. We observed long-term persistence of neoantigen-specific T cell responses following vaccination, with ex vivo detection of neoantigen-specific T cells exhibiting a memory phenotype. We also found diversification of neoantigen-specific T cell clones over time, with emergence of multiple T cell receptor clonotypes exhibiting distinct functional avidities. Furthermore, we detected evidence of tumor infiltration by neoantigen-specific T cell clones after vaccination and epitope spreading, suggesting on-target vaccine-induced tumor cell killing. Personal neoantigen peptide vaccines thus induce T cell responses that persist over years and broaden the spectrum of tumor-specific cytotoxicity in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuting Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna E Leet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosa L Allesøe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne M Luoma
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliet Forman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teddy Huang
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Bryan Iorgulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Holden
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Satyen H Gohil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Academic Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert A Redd
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Peter
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Ciantra
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oriol Olive
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keerthi Shetty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Pyrdol
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick C Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pavan Bachireddy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Buchbinder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sachet A Shukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Rønn Olsen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagan, Denmark
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward F Fritsch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Derin B Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Schutte RJ, Zhang X, An N, Ostrov DA, Vukmanović S. Molecular docking predictions of fragrance binding to human leukocyte antigen molecules. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:174-183. [PMID: 30957232 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 4000 small chemicals have been identified as allergens capable of inducing skin sensitization. Many sensitizers are hypothesized to act as haptens producing novel antigens, which can be presented to T cells by human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). Recent studies suggest that some chemical allergens use hapten-independent mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To determine whether molecular docking can identify HLA molecules that bind skin-sensitizing chemical allergens. METHODS Structural models of HLA molecules were used as the basis for molecular docking of 22 chemical allergens. Allergens predicted to bind HLA-B*57:01 were tested for their ability to stimulate T cells by the use of proliferation and interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assays. RESULTS Chemical allergens that did not satisfy the criteria for hapten activity in vitro were predicted to bind more strongly to common HLA isoforms than those with known hapten activity. HLA-B*57:01, which is an HLA allele required for drug hypersensitivity reactions, was predicted to bind several allergens, including benzyl benzoate, benzyl cinnamate, and benzyl salicylate. In in vitro T cell stimulation assays, benzyl salicylate and benzyl cinnamate were found to stimulate T cell responses from HLA-B*57:01 carriers. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that small-molecule skin sensitizers have the potential to interact with HLA, and show that T cell-based in vitro assays may be used to evaluate the immunogenicity of skin-sensitizing chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schutte
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nan An
- Division of Cosmetics, Office of Cosmetics and Colors, CFSAN, FDA, College Park, Maryland
| | - David A Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stanislav Vukmanović
- Division of Cosmetics, Office of Cosmetics and Colors, CFSAN, FDA, College Park, Maryland
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4
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Alvaro-Benito M, Morrison E, Wieczorek M, Sticht J, Freund C. Human leukocyte Antigen-DM polymorphisms in autoimmune diseases. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160165. [PMID: 27534821 PMCID: PMC5008016 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical MHC class II (MHCII) proteins present peptides for CD4+ T-cell surveillance and are by far the most prominent risk factor for a number of autoimmune disorders. To date, many studies have shown that this link between particular MHCII alleles and disease depends on the MHCII's particular ability to bind and present certain peptides in specific physiological contexts. However, less attention has been paid to the non-classical MHCII molecule human leucocyte antigen-DM, which catalyses peptide exchange on classical MHCII proteins acting as a peptide editor. DM function impacts the presentation of both antigenic peptides in the periphery and key self-peptides during T-cell development in the thymus. In this way, DM activity directly influences the response to pathogens, as well as mechanisms of self-tolerance acquisition. While decreased DM editing of particular MHCII proteins has been proposed to be related to autoimmune disorders, no experimental evidence for different DM catalytic properties had been reported until recently. Biochemical and structural investigations, together with new animal models of loss of DM activity, have provided an attractive foundation for identifying different catalytic efficiencies for DM allotypes. Here, we revisit the current knowledge of DM function and discuss how DM function may impart autoimmunity at the organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alvaro-Benito
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eliot Morrison
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Evolving Insights for MHC Class II Antigen Processing and Presentation in Health and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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A cell-based high-throughput screening assay system for inhibitor compounds of antigen presentation by HLA class II molecule. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6798. [PMID: 28754892 PMCID: PMC5533769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of autoimmune diseases are associated with the genotypes of human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA), some of which present peptides derived from self-proteins, resulting in clonal expansion of self-reactive T cells. Therefore, selective inhibition of self-peptide loading onto such disease-associated HLA could ameliorate the diseases. To effectively identify such compounds, in this study, we established, for the first time, a cell- and 96-well microplate-based high-throughput screening system for inhibitors of antigen presentation. A panel of DRB1 genes plus DRA*01:01 gene were expressed in HEK293T cells and in 3T3 cells, and their binding with biotinylated known self-antigen peptides was measured by flow cytometry. HLA-DR1 (DRB1*01:01) and DR15 (DRB1*15:01) showed a high affinity with myelin basic protein peptide (MBP83-98). Therefore, in 96-well plate wells, MBP83-99 was allowed to bind to DR1 or DR15 on 3T3 cells in competition with a test compound, and the HLA-bound peptide was detected by streptavidin-conjugated β-galactosidase, thereby identifying inhibitor compounds for rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis. Our assay system has a potential for broad applications, including designing peptide vaccines.
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7
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Afridi S, Hoessli DC, Hameed MW. Mechanistic understanding and significance of small peptides interaction with MHC class II molecules for therapeutic applications. Immunol Rev 2017; 272:151-68. [PMID: 27319349 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are expressed by antigen-presenting cells and stimulate CD4(+) T cells, which initiate humoral immune responses. Over the past decade, interest has developed to therapeutically impact the peptides to be exposed to CD4(+) T cells. Structurally diverse small molecules have been discovered that act on the endogenous peptide exchanger HLA-DM by different mechanisms. Exogenously delivered peptides are highly susceptible to proteolytic cleavage in vivo; however, it is only when successfully incorporated into stable MHC II-peptide complexes that these peptides can induce an immune response. Many of the small molecules so far discovered have highlighted the molecular interactions mediating the formation of MHC II-peptide complexes. As potential drugs, these small molecules open new therapeutic approaches to modulate MHC II antigen presentation pathways and influence the quality and specificity of immune responses. This review briefly introduces how CD4(+) T cells recognize antigen when displayed by MHC class II molecules, as well as MHC class II-peptide-loading pathways, structural basis of peptide binding and stabilization of the peptide-MHC complexes. We discuss the concept of MHC-loading enhancers, how they could modulate immune responses and how these molecules have been identified. Finally, we suggest mechanisms whereby MHC-loading enhancers could act upon MHC class II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifullah Afridi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniel C Hoessli
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqar Hameed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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8
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Ott PA, Hu Z, Keskin DB, Shukla SA, Sun J, Bozym DJ, Zhang W, Luoma A, Giobbie-Hurder A, Peter L, Chen C, Olive O, Carter TA, Li S, Lieb DJ, Eisenhaure T, Gjini E, Stevens J, Lane WJ, Javeri I, Nellaiappan K, Salazar A, Daley H, Seaman M, Buchbinder EI, Yoon CH, Harden M, Lennon N, Gabriel S, Rodig SJ, Barouch DH, Aster JC, Getz G, Wucherpfennig K, Neuberg D, Ritz J, Lander ES, Fritsch EF, Hacohen N, Wu CJ. An immunogenic personal neoantigen vaccine for patients with melanoma. Nature 2017; 547:217-221. [PMID: 28678778 PMCID: PMC5577644 DOI: 10.1038/nature22991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1806] [Impact Index Per Article: 258.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective anti-tumour immunity in humans has been associated with the presence of T cells directed at cancer neoantigens, a class of HLA-bound peptides that arise from tumour-specific mutations. They are highly immunogenic because they are not present in normal tissues and hence bypass central thymic tolerance. Although neoantigens were long-envisioned as optimal targets for an anti-tumour immune response, their systematic discovery and evaluation only became feasible with the recent availability of massively parallel sequencing for detection of all coding mutations within tumours, and of machine learning approaches to reliably predict those mutated peptides with high-affinity binding of autologous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. We hypothesized that vaccination with neoantigens can both expand pre-existing neoantigen-specific T-cell populations and induce a broader repertoire of new T-cell specificities in cancer patients, tipping the intra-tumoural balance in favour of enhanced tumour control. Here we demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of a vaccine that targets up to 20 predicted personal tumour neoantigens. Vaccine-induced polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells targeted 58 (60%) and 15 (16%) of the 97 unique neoantigens used across patients, respectively. These T cells discriminated mutated from wild-type antigens, and in some cases directly recognized autologous tumour. Of six vaccinated patients, four had no recurrence at 25 months after vaccination, while two with recurrent disease were subsequently treated with anti-PD-1 (anti-programmed cell death-1) therapy and experienced complete tumour regression, with expansion of the repertoire of neoantigen-specific T cells. These data provide a strong rationale for further development of this approach, alone and in combination with checkpoint blockade or other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhuting Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derin B. Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sachet A. Shukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J. Bozym
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne Luoma
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Peter
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oriol Olive
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David J. Lieb
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Evisa Gjini
- Center for Immuno-Oncology (CIO), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Stevens
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William J. Lane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Heather Daley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth I. Buchbinder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H. Yoon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maegan Harden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Niall Lennon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Scott J. Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immuno-Oncology (CIO), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon C. Aster
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Wucherpfennig
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward F. Fritsch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Moffett HF, Cartwright ANR, Kim HJ, Godec J, Pyrdol J, Äijö T, Martinez GJ, Rao A, Lu J, Golub TR, Cantor H, Sharpe AH, Novina CD, Wucherpfennig KW. The microRNA miR-31 inhibits CD8 + T cell function in chronic viral infection. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:791-799. [PMID: 28530712 PMCID: PMC5753758 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During infection, antigen-specific T cells undergo tightly regulated developmental transitions controlled by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. We found that the microRNA miR-31 was strongly induced by activation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) in a pathway involving calcium and activation of the transcription factor NFAT. During chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13, miR-31-deficent mice recovered from clinical disease, while wild-type mice continued to show signs of disease. This disease phenotype was explained by the presence of larger numbers of cytokine-secreting LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells in miR-31-deficent mice than in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, miR-31 increased the sensitivity of T cells to type I interferons, which interfered with effector T cell function and increased the expression of several proteins related to T cell dysfunction during chronic infection. These studies identify miR-31 as an important regulator of T cell exhaustion in chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howell F Moffett
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam N R Cartwright
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jernej Godec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Pyrdol
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tarmo Äijö
- Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland
| | - Gustavo J Martinez
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anjana Rao
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harvey Cantor
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl D Novina
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology &Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Vukmanović S, Sadrieh N. Skin sensitizers in cosmetics and beyond: potential multiple mechanisms of action and importance of T-cell assays for in vitro screening. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:415-432. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1288025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Vukmanović
- Cosmetics Division, Office of Cosmetics and Colors (OCAC), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), MD, USA
| | - Nakissa Sadrieh
- Cosmetics Division, Office of Cosmetics and Colors (OCAC), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), MD, USA
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11
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Wieczorek M, Sticht J, Stolzenberg S, Günther S, Wehmeyer C, El Habre Z, Álvaro-Benito M, Noé F, Freund C. MHC class II complexes sample intermediate states along the peptide exchange pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13224. [PMID: 27827392 PMCID: PMC5105163 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The presentation of peptide-MHCII complexes (pMHCIIs) for surveillance by T cells is a well-known immunological concept in vertebrates, yet the conformational dynamics of antigen exchange remain elusive. By combining NMR-detected H/D exchange with Markov modelling analysis of an aggregate of 275 microseconds molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that a stable pMHCII spontaneously samples intermediate conformations relevant for peptide exchange. More specifically, we observe two major peptide exchange pathways: the kinetic stability of a pMHCII's ground state defines its propensity for intrinsic peptide exchange, while the population of a rare, intermediate conformation correlates with the propensity of the HLA-DM-catalysed pathway. Helix-destabilizing mutants designed based on our model shift the exchange behaviour towards the HLA-DM-catalysed pathway and further allow us to conceptualize how allelic variation can shape an individual's MHC restricted immune response. MHCII proteins bind and present both foreign and self-antigens to potentially activate CD4+ T cells via cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) during the adaptive immune response. Here, the authors combine NMR-detected H/D exchange with Markov modelling analysis to shed light on the dynamics of MHCII peptide exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wieczorek
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stolzenberg
- Computational Molecular Biology group, Institute for Mathematics, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Christoph Wehmeyer
- Computational Molecular Biology group, Institute for Mathematics, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zeina El Habre
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Álvaro-Benito
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Noé
- Computational Molecular Biology group, Institute for Mathematics, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Candia M, Kratzer B, Pickl WF. On Peptides and Altered Peptide Ligands: From Origin, Mode of Action and Design to Clinical Application (Immunotherapy). Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 170:211-233. [PMID: 27642756 PMCID: PMC7058415 DOI: 10.1159/000448756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes equipped with clonotypic T cell antigen receptors (TCR) recognize immunogenic peptides only when presented in the context of their own major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Peptide loading to MHC molecules occurs in intracellular compartments (ER for class I and MIIC for class II molecules) and relies on the interaction of the respective peptides and peptide binding pockets on MHC molecules. Those peptide residues not engaged in MHC binding point towards the TCR screening for possible peptide MHC complex binding partners. Natural or intentional modification of both MHC binding registers and TCR interacting residues of peptides – leading to the formation of altered peptide ligands (APLs) – might alter the way peptides interact with TCRs and hence influence subsequent T cell activation events, and consequently T cell effector functions. This review article summarizes how APLs were detected and first described, current concepts of how APLs modify T cellular signaling, which biological mechanisms might force the generation of APLs in vivo, and how peptides and APLs might be used for the benefit of patients suffering from allergic or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Candia
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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A cyclic peptide accelerates the loading of peptide antigens in major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:774-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Álvaro-Benito M, Wieczorek M, Sticht J, Kipar C, Freund C. HLA-DMA polymorphisms differentially affect MHC class II peptide loading. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:803-16. [PMID: 25505276 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the adaptive immune response, MHCII proteins display antigenic peptides on the cell surface of APCs for CD4(+) T cell surveillance. HLA-DM, a nonclassical MHCII protein, acts as a peptide exchange catalyst for MHCII, editing the peptide repertoire. Although they map to the same gene locus, MHCII proteins exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, whereas only low variability has been observed for HLA-DM. As HLA-DM activity directly favors immunodominant peptide presentation, polymorphisms in HLA-DM (DMA or DMB chain) might well be a contributing risk factor for autoimmunity and immune disorders. Our systematic comparison of DMA*0103/DMB*0101 (DMA-G155A and DMA-R184H) with DMA*0101/DMB*0101 in terms of catalyzed peptide exchange and dissociation, as well as direct interaction with several HLA-DR/peptide complexes, reveals an attenuated catalytic activity of DMA*0103/DMB*0101. The G155A substitution dominates the catalytic behavior of DMA*0103/DMB*0101 by decreasing peptide release velocity. Preloaded peptide-MHCII complexes exhibit ∼2-fold increase in half-life in the presence of DMA*0103/DMB*0101 when compared with DMA*0101/DMB*0101. We show that this effect leads to a greater persistence of autoimmunity-related Ags in the presence of high-affinity competitor peptide. Our study therefore reveals that HLA-DM polymorphic residues have a considerable impact on HLA-DM catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Álvaro-Benito
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Claudia Kipar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Christian Freund
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Yin L, Stern LJ. Measurement of Peptide Binding to MHC Class II Molecules by Fluorescence Polarization. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 106:5.10.1-5.10.12. [PMID: 25081912 PMCID: PMC4151172 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im0510s106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peptide binding to major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecules is a key process in antigen presentation and CD4+ T cell epitope selection. This unit describes a fairly simple but powerful fluorescence polarization-based binding competition assay to measure peptide binding to soluble recombinant MHCII molecules. The binding of a peptide of interest to MHCII molecules is assessed based on its ability to inhibit the binding of a fluorescence-labeled probe peptide, with the strength of binding characterized as IC50 (concentration required for 50% inhibition of probe peptide binding). Data analysis related to this method is discussed. In addition, this unit includes a support protocol for fluorescence labeling peptide using an amine-reactive probe. The advantage of this protocol is that it allows simple, fast, and high-throughput measurements of binding for a large set of peptides to MHCII molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusong Yin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Lawrence J. Stern
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
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16
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Yin L, Stern LJ. A novel method to measure HLA-DM-susceptibility of peptides bound to MHC class II molecules based on peptide binding competition assay and differential IC(50) determination. J Immunol Methods 2014; 406:21-33. [PMID: 24583195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
HLA-DM (DM) functions as a peptide editor that mediates the exchange of peptides loaded onto MHCII molecules by accelerating peptide dissociation and association kinetics. The relative DM-susceptibility of peptides bound to MHCII molecules correlates with antigen presentation and immunodominance hierarchy, and measurement of DM-susceptibility has been a key effort in this field. Current assays of DM-susceptibility, based on differential peptide dissociation rates measured for individually labeled peptides over a long time base, are difficult and cumbersome. Here, we present a novel method to measure DM-susceptibility based on peptide binding competition assays performed in the presence and absence of DM, reported as a delta-IC(50) (change in 50% inhibition concentration) value. We simulated binding competition reactions of peptides with various intrinsic and DM-catalyzed kinetic parameters and found that under a wide range of conditions the delta-IC(50) value is highly correlated with DM-susceptibility as measured in off-rate assay. We confirmed experimentally that DM-susceptibility measured by delta-IC(50) is comparable to that measured by traditional off-rate assay for peptides with known DM-susceptibility hierarchy. The major advantage of this method is that it allows simple, fast and high throughput measurement of DM-susceptibility for a large set of unlabeled peptides in studies of the mechanism of DM action and for identification of CD4+ T cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusong Yin
- Program in Immunology and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Lawrence J Stern
- Program in Immunology and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
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17
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Mellins ED, Stern LJ. HLA-DM and HLA-DO, key regulators of MHC-II processing and presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2013; 26:115-22. [PMID: 24463216 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide loading of class II MHC molecules in endosomal compartments is regulated by HLA-DM. HLA-DO modulates HLA-DM function, with consequences for the spectrum of MHC-bound epitopes presented at the cell surface for interaction with T cells. Here, we summarize and discuss recent progress in investigating the molecular mechanisms of action of HLA-DM and HLA-DO and in understanding their roles in immune responses. Key findings are the long-awaited structures of HLA-DM in complex with its class II substrate and with HLA-DO, and observation of a novel phenotype--autoimmunity combined with immunodeficiency--in mice lacking HLA-DO. We also highlight several areas where gaps persist in our knowledge about this pair of proteins and their molecular biology and immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Mellins
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Lawrence J Stern
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States.
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18
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Gagnon E, Schubert DA, Gordo S, Chu HH, Wucherpfennig KW. Local changes in lipid environment of TCR microclusters regulate membrane binding by the CD3ε cytoplasmic domain. J Exp Med 2012; 209:2423-39. [PMID: 23166358 PMCID: PMC3526357 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD3ε and ζ cytoplasmic domains of the T cell receptor bind to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), and a previous nuclear magnetic resonance structure showed that both tyrosines of the CD3ε immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif partition into the bilayer. Electrostatic interactions between acidic phospholipids and clusters of basic CD3ε residues were previously shown to be essential for CD3ε and ζ membrane binding. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the most abundant negatively charged lipid on the inner leaflet of the PM and makes a major contribution to membrane binding by the CD3ε cytoplasmic domain. Here, we show that TCR triggering by peptide--MHC complexes induces dissociation of the CD3ε cytoplasmic domain from the plasma membrane. Release of the CD3ε cytoplasmic domain from the membrane is accompanied by a substantial focal reduction in negative charge and available PS in TCR microclusters. These changes in the lipid composition of TCR microclusters even occur when TCR signaling is blocked with a Src kinase inhibitor. Local changes in the lipid composition of TCR microclusters thus render the CD3ε cytoplasmic domain accessible during early stages of T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Gagnon
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Michels AW, Ostrov DA, Zhang L, Nakayama M, Fuse M, McDaniel K, Roep BO, Gottlieb PA, Atkinson MA, Eisenbarth GS. Structure-based selection of small molecules to alter allele-specific MHC class II antigen presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5921-30. [PMID: 22043012 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Class II major histocompatibility molecules are the primary susceptibility locus for many autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes. Human DQ8 and I-A(g7), in the NOD mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes, confers diabetes risk by modulating presentation of specific islet peptides in the thymus and periphery. We used an in silico molecular docking program to screen a large "druglike" chemical library to define small molecules capable of occupying specific structural pockets along the I-A(g7) binding groove, with the objective of influencing presentation to T cells of the autoantigen insulin B chain peptide consisting of amino acids 9-23. In this study we show, using both murine and human cells, that small molecules can enhance or inhibit specific TCR signaling in the presence of cognate target peptides, based upon the structural pocket targeted. The influence of compounds on the TCR response was pocket dependent, with pocket 1 and 6 compounds inhibiting responses and molecules directed at pocket 9 enhancing responses to peptide. At nanomolar concentrations, the inhibitory molecules block the insulin B chain peptide consisting of amino acids 9-23, endogenous insulin, and islet-stimulated T cell responses. Glyphosine, a pocket 9 compound, enhances insulin peptide presentation to T cells at concentrations as low as 10 nM, upregulates IL-10 secretion, and prevents diabetes in NOD mice. These studies present a novel method for identifying small molecules capable of both stimulating and inhibiting T cell responses, with potentially therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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20
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Wen F, Sethi DK, Wucherpfennig KW, Zhao H. Cell surface display of functional human MHC class II proteins: yeast display versus insect cell display. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:701-9. [PMID: 21752831 PMCID: PMC3160208 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable and robust systems for engineering functional major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) proteins have proved elusive. Availability of such systems would enable the engineering of peptide-MHCII (pMHCII) complexes for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In this paper, we have developed a system based on insect cell surface display that allows functional expression of heterodimeric DR2 molecules with or without a covalently bound human myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide, which is amenable to directed evolution of DR2-MBP variants with improved T cell receptor (TCR)-binding affinity. This study represents the first example of functional display of human pMHCII complexes on insect cell surface. In the process of developing this pMHCII engineering system, we have also explored the potential of using yeast surface display for the same application. Our data suggest that yeast display is a useful system for analysis and engineering of peptide binding of MHCII proteins, but not suitable for directed evolution of pMHC complexes that bind with low affinity to self-reactive TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dhruv K. Sethi
- Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kai W. Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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21
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Call MJ. Small molecule modulators of MHC class II antigen presentation: Mechanistic insights and implications for therapeutic application. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:1735-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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A simple competitive assay to determine peptide affinity for HLA class II molecules: A useful tool for epitope prediction. J Immunol Methods 2011; 371:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Anders AK, Call MJ, Schulze MSED, Fowler KD, Schubert DA, Seth NP, Sundberg EJ, Wucherpfennig KW. HLA-DM captures partially empty HLA-DR molecules for catalyzed removal of peptide. Nat Immunol 2010; 12:54-61. [PMID: 21131964 PMCID: PMC3018327 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of HLA-DM catalyzed peptide exchange remain uncertain. We found that all stages of the interaction of DM with HLA-DR were dependent on the occupancy state of the peptide binding groove. High-affinity peptides were protected from removal by DM through two mechanisms: peptide binding induced dissociation of a long-lived complex of empty DR and DM, and high-affinity DR-peptide complexes bound DM only very slowly. Non-binding covalent DR-peptide complexes were converted to efficient DM binders upon truncation of an N-terminal peptide segment that emptied the P1 pocket and disrupted conserved hydrogen bonds to MHC. DM thus only binds to DR conformers in which a critical part of the binding site is vacant, due to spontaneous peptide motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Anders
- Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Zaheer-ul-Haq, Khan W. Molecular and structural determinants of adamantyl susceptibility to HLA-DRs allelic variants: an in silico approach to understand the mechanism of MLEs. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 25:81-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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van den Hoorn T, Paul P, Jongsma MLM, Neefjes J. Routes to manipulate MHC class II antigen presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2010; 23:88-95. [PMID: 21112200 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MHC class II molecules (MHC-II) present antigenic fragments acquired in the endocytic route to the immune system for recognition and activation of CD4+ T cells. This ignites a series of immune responses. MHC-II strongly correlates to most autoimmune diseases. Understanding the biology of MHC-II is therefore expected to translate into novel means of autoimmunity control or immune response improvement. Although the basic cell biology of MHC-II antigen presentation is well understood, many novel aspects have been uncovered in recent years including means of antigen delivery, preparation for MHC-II loading, transport processes and vaccination strategies. We will discuss past, present and future of these insights into the biology of MHC-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke van den Hoorn
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
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26
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Ribeiro SP, Rosa DS, Fonseca SG, Mairena EC, Postól E, Oliveira SC, Guilherme L, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. A vaccine encoding conserved promiscuous HIV CD4 epitopes induces broad T cell responses in mice transgenic to multiple common HLA class II molecules. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11072. [PMID: 20552033 PMCID: PMC2884037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current HIV vaccine approaches are focused on immunogens encoding whole HIV antigenic proteins that mainly elicit cytotoxic CD8+ responses. Mounting evidence points toward a critical role for CD4+ T cells in the control of immunodeficiency virus replication, probably due to cognate help. Vaccine-induced CD4+ T cell responses might, therefore, have a protective effect in HIV replication. In addition, successful vaccines may have to elicit responses to multiple epitopes in a high proportion of vaccinees, to match the highly variable circulating strains of HIV. Using rational vaccine design, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding 18 algorithm-selected conserved, “promiscuous” (multiple HLA-DR-binding) B-subtype HIV CD4 epitopes - previously found to be frequently recognized by HIV-infected patients. We assessed the ability of the vaccine to induce broad T cell responses in the context of multiple HLA class II molecules using different strains of HLA class II- transgenic mice (-DR2, -DR4, -DQ6 and -DQ8). Mice displayed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses of significant breadth and magnitude, and 16 out of the 18 encoded epitopes were recognized. By virtue of inducing broad responses against conserved CD4+ T cell epitopes that can be recognized in the context of widely diverse, common HLA class II alleles, this vaccine concept may cope both with HIV genetic variability and increased population coverage. The vaccine may thus be a source of cognate help for HIV-specific CD8+ T cells elicited by conventional immunogens, in a wide proportion of vaccinees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Conti Mairena
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilberto Postól
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiza Guilherme
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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27
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Innovative bioinformatic approaches for developing peptide-based vaccines against hypervariable viruses. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 89:81-9. [PMID: 20458336 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of the fields of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics to vaccine design has been recently labeled 'vaccinomics'. This newly named area of vaccine research, heavily intertwined with bioinformatics, seems to be leading the charge in developing novel vaccines for currently unmet medical needs against hypervariable viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C and emerging avian and swine influenza. Some of the more recent bioinformatic approaches in the area of vaccine research include the use of epitope determination and prediction algorithms for exploring the use of peptide epitopes as vaccine immunogens. This paper briefly discusses and explores some current uses of bioinformatics in vaccine design toward the pursuit of peptide vaccines for hypervariable viruses. The various informatics and vaccine design strategies attempted by other groups toward hypervariable viruses will also be briefly examined, along with the strategy used by our group in the design and synthesis of peptide immunogens for candidate HIV and influenza vaccines.
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28
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Croft NP, Purcell AW. Enhancing tumor vaccines: catalyzing MHC class II peptide exchange. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:129-32. [PMID: 20109023 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peptide vaccination strategies aimed at inducing CD4(+) T-cell responses may be hampered due to the poorly receptive nature of MHC class II molecules to exogenous antigen. It has recently been reported that the small organic molecule adamantane ethanol, when included as an adjuvant in peptide vaccination, is capable of enhancing ligand exchange and markedly augmenting the subsequent antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell response. These results highlight a novel adjuvant strategy tested in vivo, which opens a further doorway to improving the efficacy of peptide vaccination and continuing the push towards clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Croft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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29
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Dickhaut K, Hoepner S, Eckhard J, Wiesmueller KH, Schindler L, Jung G, Falk K, Roetzschke O. Enhancement of tumour-specific immune responses in vivo by 'MHC loading-enhancer' (MLE). PLoS One 2009; 4:e6811. [PMID: 19738910 PMCID: PMC2735034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Class II MHC molecules (MHC II) are cell surface receptors displaying short protein fragments for the surveillance by CD4+ T cells. Antigens therefore have to be loaded onto this receptor in order to induce productive immune responses. On the cell surface, most MHC II molecules are either occupied by ligands or their binding cleft has been blocked by the acquisition of a non-receptive state. Direct loading with antigens, as required during peptide vaccinations, is therefore hindered. Principal Findings Here we show, that the in vivo response of CD4+ T cells can be improved, when the antigens are administered together with ‘MHC-loading enhancer’ (MLE). MLE are small catalytic compounds able to open up the MHC binding site by triggering ligand-release and stabilizing the receptive state. Their enhancing effect on the immune response was demonstrated here with an antigen from the influenza virus and tumour associated antigens (TAA) derived from the NY-ESO-1 protein. The application of these antigens in combination with adamantane ethanol (AdEtOH), an MLE compound active on human HLA-DR molecules, significantly increased the frequency of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in mice transgenic for the human MHC II molecule. Notably, the effect was evident only with the MLE-susceptible HLA-DR molecule and not with murine MHC II molecules non-susceptible for the catalytic effect of the MLE. Conclusion MLE can specifically increase the potency of a vaccine by facilitating the efficient transfer of the antigen onto the MHC molecule. They may therefore open a new way to improve vaccination efficacy and tumour-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dickhaut
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoepner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jamina Eckhard
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Kirsten Falk
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Olaf Roetzschke
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
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