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Chowdhury BP, Das S, Bodhale N, Prakash Pandey S, Sudan R, Srivastava N, Chisholm JD, Kerr WG, Majumdar S, Saha B. SHIP1 inhibition via 3-alpha-amino-cholestane enhances protection against Leishmania infection. Cytokine 2023; 171:156373. [PMID: 37776719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania major and L. donovani cause cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. Available chemotherapies suffer from toxicity, drug-resistance or high cost of production prompting the need for the discovery of new anti-leishmanials. Here, we test a novel aminosteriodal compound- 3-alpha-amino-cholestane [3AC] - that shows selective inhibition of SHIP1, an inositol-5'-phosphate-specific phosphatase with potent effects on the immune system. We report that 3AC-sensitive SHIP1 expression increases in Leishmania-infected macrophages. Treatment of BALB/c mice, a Leishmania-susceptible host, with 3AC increased anti-leishmanial, but reduced pro-leishmanial, cytokines' production and reduced the parasite load in both L. major and L. donovani infections. These findings implicate SHIPi as a potential novel immunostimulant with anti-leishmanial function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shibali Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Raki Sudan
- Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Neetu Srivastava
- Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - John D Chisholm
- Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - William G Kerr
- Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Dept. of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Dept. of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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2
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Ikeogu N, Olayinka-Adefemi F, Edechi C, Onyilagha C, Jia P, Marshall A, Ode J, Uzonna J. Crosspteryx fibrifuga leaf extract enhances host resistance to Trypanosoma congolense infection in mice by regulating host immune response and disrupting the activity of parasite superoxide dismutase enzyme. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1275365. [PMID: 37954253 PMCID: PMC10635443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, is caused by diverse species of the protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Trypanosoma. Although anti-trypanosomal medications exist, the increase in drug resistance and persistent antigenic variation has necessitated the development of newer and more efficacious therapeutic agents which are selectively toxic to the parasite. In this study, we assessed the trypanocidal efficacy of Crosspteryx fibrifuga leaf extract (C.f/L-extract) in vitro. Following treatment of T. congolense parasites with C.f/L-extract, we observed a significant decrease in parasite number and an elevation in the expression of the apoptotic markers, Annexin V and 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7AAD). Interestingly, at the same concentration (50 μg/mL), C.f/L-extract was not cytotoxic to murine whole splenocytes. We also observed a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide secretion by bone marrow derived macrophages following treatment with C.f/L-extract (10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL) compared to PBS treated controls, suggesting that the extract possesses an immune regulatory effect. Treatment of T. congolense infected mice with C.f/L-extract led to significant decrease in parasite numbers and a modest increase in mouse survival compared to PBS treated controls. In addition, there was a significant increase in CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells and a decrease in CD4+IL-10+ T cells in the spleens of T. congolense infected mice treated with C.f/L-extract. Interestingly, C.f/L-extract treatment decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (an enzyme that protects unicellular organisms from oxidative stress) in T. congolense parasites but not in splenocytes. Collectively, our study has identified C.f/L-extract as a potential anti-trypanosomal agent that warrant further investigation and possibly explored as a treatment option for T. congolense infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Chidalu Edechi
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aaron Marshall
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Julius Ode
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jude Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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3
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Imran M, Khan SA, Abida, Alshrari AS, Eltahir Mudawi MM, Alshammari MK, Harshan AA, Alshammari NA. Small molecules as kinetoplastid specific proteasome inhibitors for Leishmaniasis: a patent review from 1998 to 2021. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:591-604. [PMID: 35220857 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2045948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical infectious disease. The available limited therapeutic options for leishmaniasis are inadequate due to their poor pharmacokinetic profile, resistance, toxicity, high cost, and compliance problems. This warrants identification of new targets for the development of safer and effective anti-Leishmania therapy. The kinetoplastid specific proteasome (KSP) is a novel validated target to develop drugs against leishmaniasis. AREA COVERED : This review focuses on all the published patent applications and granted patents related to the studied small molecules as KSP inhibitors (KSPIs) against Leishmania from 1998 to December 31, 2021. EXPERT OPINION : A little amount of work has been done on KSPIs, but the study results are quite encouraging. LXE408 and GSK3494245 are two KSPIs in different phases of clinical trials. Some other small molecules have also shown KSP inhibitory potential, but they are not in clinical trials. The KSPIs are promising next-generation orally active patient compliant drugs against kinetoplastid diseases, including leishmaniasis. However, the main challenge to discover the KSPIs will be the resistance development and their selectivity against the proteasome of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat 130, Oman
| | - Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Subeh Alshrari
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Kanan Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Rafha Central Hospital, North Zone, Rafha 91911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Ali Harshan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Northern Area Armed Forces Hospital, King Khalid Military City Hospital, Hafr Al-Batin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noufah Aqeel Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Gaur P, Mkrtichyan M, Verma V, Jafarzadeh N, Hattar M, Gupta S, Khleif SN. PI3K Isoforms in CD8 + T Cell Development and Function. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:217-234. [PMID: 36243846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are an essential part of the immune system and play a vital role in defending against tumors and infections. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), especially class I, is involved in numerous interrelated signaling pathways which control CD8+ T cell development, maturation, migration, activation, and differentiation. While CD8+ T lymphocytes express all class I PI3K isoforms (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kγ), isoform-specific functions, especially for PI3Kα and PI3Kβ have not been fully elucidated. A few studies suggest the important role of p110δ and p110γ in CD8+ T cell activation, signaling, chemotaxis and function and several clinical trials are currently testing the effect of isoform-specific inhibitors in various types of cancers, including Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Peripheral T cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), head & neck cancer, and breast cancer. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of the roles of various PI3K isoforms and downstream signaling pathways in regulating CD8+ T cell fate, including cell proliferation, migration, and memory generation. We also discuss certain clinical trials employing PI3K inhibitors for cancer therapy, their limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gaur
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mikayel Mkrtichyan
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vivek Verma
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nazli Jafarzadeh
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mariana Hattar
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Gupta
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samir N Khleif
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Rojo JM, Montes-Casado M, Aragoneses-Fenoll L, Ojeda G, Dianzani U, Portolés P. PI3-Kinase p110α Deficiency Modulates T Cell Homeostasis and Function and Attenuates Experimental Allergic Encephalitis in Mature Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168698. [PMID: 34445401 PMCID: PMC8395417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are involved in the development of normal and autoimmune responses, including Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for human multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, the role of the ubiquitously expressed class IA PI3K p110α catalytic subunits in EAE has been analyzed using a model of Cre/flox mediated T cell specific deletion of p110α catalytic chain (p110αΔT). Comparison of two month-old (young) and six month-old (mature) p110αΔT mice and their wild type (WT) counterparts indicated loss of spleen CD4+ T cells that increased with age, indicating a role of p110α in their homeostasis. In contrast, CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells were enhanced in mature p110αΔT mice when compared to WT mice. Since Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) peptide-induced EAE is dependent on, or mediated by CD4+ T cells and CD4+ T cell-derived cytokines and controlled by Treg cells, development of EAE in young and mature WT or p110αΔT mice was analyzed. EAE clinical symptoms and disease scores in six month p110αΔT mice were significantly lower than those of mature WT, or young WT and p110αΔT mice. Furthermore, ex vivo antigen activation of lymph node cells from MOG immunized mature p110αΔT mice induced significantly lower levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A than young p110αΔT or young and mature WT mice. Other cytokines including IL-2, IL-10 or TNF-α showed no significant differences between p110αΔT and WT mature mice. Our data show a lower incidence of MOG-induced EAE in mature p110αΔT mice linked to altered T cell homeostasis and lower secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rojo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - María Montes-Casado
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (L.A.-F.); (G.O.)
| | - Laura Aragoneses-Fenoll
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (L.A.-F.); (G.O.)
| | - Gloria Ojeda
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (L.A.-F.); (G.O.)
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Pilar Portolés
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (L.A.-F.); (G.O.)
- Presidencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.R.); (P.P.)
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6
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Olayinka-Adefemi F, Onyilagha C, Jayachandran N, Hou S, Jia P, Uzonna J, Marshall AJ. Critical Roles of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ in the Humoral Immune Response to Trypanosoma congolense Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1401-1410. [PMID: 34380646 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PI3Kδ is critical in generating humoral and regulatory immune responses. In this study, we determined the impact of PI3Kδ in immunity to Trypanosoma congolense, an African trypanosome that can manipulate and evade Ab responses critical for protection. Upon infection with T. congolense, PI3KδD910A mice lacking PI3Kδ activity paradoxically show a transient enhancement in early control of parasitemia, associated with impaired production of regulatory IL-10 by B cells in the peritoneum. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice treated with the PI3Kδ inhibitor (PI3Kδi) Idelalisib showed a similar transient decrease in parasitemia associated with reduced IL-10. Strikingly, however, we find that PI3KδD910A mice were ultimately unable to control this infection, resulting in uncontrolled parasitemia and death within 2 wk. Assessment of humoral responses revealed delayed B cell activation, impaired germinal center responses, and compromised Ab responses to differing degrees in PI3KδD910A and PI3Kδi-treated mice. To test the role of Abs, we administered serum from WT mice to PI3KδD910A mice and found that lethality was prevented by postinfection serum. Interestingly, serum from naive WT mice provided partial protection to PI3KδD910A mutants, indicating an additional role for natural Abs. Together our findings suggest that although PI3Kδ drives immune regulatory responses that antagonize early control of parasite growth in the peritoneum, it is also required for generation of Abs that are critical for protection from systemic trypanosome infection. The essential role of PI3Kδ for host survival of African trypanosome infection contrasts with findings for other pathogens such as Leishmania, underlining the critical importance of PI3Kδ-dependent humoral immunity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folayemi Olayinka-Adefemi
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Nipun Jayachandran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sen Hou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jude Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
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7
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Norman MU, Chow Z, Snelgrove SL, Prakongtham P, Hickey MJ. Dynamic Regulation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Regulatory T Cell Migration in Inflamed Skin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:655499. [PMID: 34040606 PMCID: PMC8143438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in skin is important in controlling inflammatory responses in this peripheral tissue. Uninflamed skin contains a population of relatively immotile Tregs often located in clusters around hair follicles. Inflammation induces a significant increase both in the abundance of Tregs within the dermis, and in the proportion of Tregs that are highly migratory. The molecular mechanisms underpinning Treg migration in the dermis are unclear. In this study we used multiphoton intravital microscopy to examine the role of RGD-binding integrins and signalling through phosphoinositide 3-kinase P110δ (PI3K p110δ) in intradermal Treg migration in resting and inflamed skin. We found that inflammation induced Treg migration was dependent on RGD-binding integrins in a context-dependent manner. αv integrin was important for Treg migration 24 hours after induction of inflammation, but contributed to Treg retention at 48 hours, while β1 integrin played a role in Treg retention at the later time point but not during the peak of inflammation. In contrast, inhibition of signalling through PI3K p110δ reduced Treg migration throughout the entire inflammatory response, and also in the absence of inflammation. Together these observations demonstrate that the molecular mechanisms controlling intradermal Treg migration vary markedly according to the phase of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ursula Norman
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zachary Chow
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Snelgrove
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Peemapat Prakongtham
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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8
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Adefemi F, Fruman DA, Marshall AJ. A Case for Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Targeted Therapy for Infectious Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 205:3237-3245. [PMID: 33288538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PI3Ks activate critical signaling cascades and have multifaceted regulatory functions in the immune system. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in the PI3Kδ isoform have revealed that this enzyme can substantially impact immune responses to infectious agents and their products. Moreover, reports garnered from decades of infectious disease studies indicate that pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K pathway could potentially be effective in limiting the growth of certain microbes via modulation of the immune system. In this review, we briefly highlight the development and applications of PI3K inhibitors and summarize data supporting the concept that PI3Kδ inhibitors initially developed for oncology have immune regulatory potential that could be exploited to improve the control of some infectious diseases. This repurposing of existing kinase inhibitors could lay the foundation for alternative infectious disease therapy using available therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folayemi Adefemi
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, R3E-0T5 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; and.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, R3E-0T5 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
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9
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J B, M BM, Chanda K. An Overview on the Therapeutics of Neglected Infectious Diseases-Leishmaniasis and Chagas Diseases. Front Chem 2021; 9:622286. [PMID: 33777895 PMCID: PMC7994601 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.622286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as termed by WHO include twenty different infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Among these NTDs, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are reported to cause high mortality in humans and are further associated with the limitations of existing drugs like severe toxicity and drug resistance. The above hitches have rendered researchers to focus on developing alternatives and novel therapeutics for the treatment of these diseases. In the past decade, several target-based drugs have emerged, which focus on specific biochemical pathways of the causative parasites. For leishmaniasis, the targets such as nucleoside analogs, inhibitors targeting nucleoside phosphate kinases of the parasite’s purine salvage pathway, 20S proteasome of Leishmania, mitochondria, and the associated proteins are reviewed along with the chemical structures of potential drug candidates. Similarly, in case of therapeutics for Chagas disease, several target-based drug candidates targeting sterol biosynthetic pathway (C14-ademethylase), L-cysteine protease, heme peroxidation, mitochondria, farnesyl pyrophosphate, etc., which are vital and unique to the causative parasite are discussed. Moreover, the use of nano-based formulations towards the therapeutics of the above diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindha J
- Division of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Balamurali M M
- Division of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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10
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Gupta G, Mou Z, Jia P, Sharma R, Zayats R, Viana SM, Shan L, Barral A, Boaventura VS, Murooka TT, Soussi-Gounni A, de Oliveira CI, Uzonna JE. The Long Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) Suppresses Immunity to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Regulating CD4 + T Helper Cell Response. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108513. [PMID: 33326783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays a critical role in inflammation, tissue repair, and wound healing. Here, we show that PTX3 regulates disease pathogenesis in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). PTX3 expression increases in skin lesions in patients and mice during CL, with higher expression correlating with severe disease. PTX3-deficient (PTX3-/-) mice are highly resistant to L. major and L. braziliensis infections. This enhanced resistance is associated with increases in Th17 and IL-17A responses. The neutralization of IL-17A abolishes this enhanced resistance, while rPTX3 treatment results in decrease in Th17 and IL-17A responses and increases susceptibility. PTX3-/- CD4+ T cells display increased differentiation to Th17 and expression of Th17-specific transcription factors. The addition of rPTX3 suppresses the expression of Th17 transcription factors, Th17 differentiation, and IL-17A production by CD4+ T cells from PTX3-/- mice. Collectively, our results show that PTX3 contributes to the pathogenesis of CL by negatively regulating Th17 and IL-17A responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; NIIT University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Instituto Gonçalo Muniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Romaniya Zayats
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aldina Barral
- Instituto Gonçalo Muniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas T Murooka
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Abdel Soussi-Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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11
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Cao L, Tan W, Chen W, Huang H, He M, Li Q, Zhu X, Wang L. CTRP4 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor in macrophages and protects against endotoxic shock. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:380-392. [PMID: 33080044 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of antibiotics, current therapies to treat sepsis are still ineffective and many clinical trials aimed at neutralizing specific inflammatory cytokines have failed, suggesting the urgent need for new treatments. Using two models of LPS-induced endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, we investigated the effects of C1q/TNF-related protein 4(CTRP4) on septic lethality and sepsis-induced inflammation. The effects of CTRP4 on survival, inflammation, organ damage, and bacterial clearance were assessed. Here, we found that CTRP4 decreased the mortalities of mice and alleviated pathological lung injury in mice model. In vivo depletion and adoptive transfer studies showed CTRP4-expressing macrophages as the key cell type inhibiting LPS-induced septic shock. The mechanism associated with the CTRP4 deficiency involved promoting of TLR4 internalization and activation of downstream pathways that resulted in a lethal, prolonged proinflammatory cytokine storm. Treatment of macrophages with exogenous CTRP4 abrogated proinflammatory cytokine production. Our results showed CTRP4 regulates inflammatory response and could be a promising strategy to treat septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cao
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Tan
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - He Huang
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Minwei He
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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Mou Z, Barazandeh AF, Hamana H, Kishi H, Zhang X, Jia P, Ikeogu N, Onyilagha C, Gupta G, Uzonna JE. Identification of a Protective Leishmania Antigen Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase and Its Responding CD4 + T Cells at Clonal Level. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1355-1364. [PMID: 32727889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no clinically effective vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis because of poor understanding of the Ags that elicit protective CD4+ T cell immunity. In this study, we identified a naturally processed peptide (DLD63-79) that is derived from Leishmania dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) protein. DLD is conserved in all pathogenic Leishmania species, is expressed by both the promastigote and amastigote stages of the parasite, and elicits strong CD4+ T cell responses in mice infected with L. major We generated I-Ab-DLD63-79 tetramer and identified DLD-specific CD4+ T cells at clonal level. Following L. major infection, DLD63-79-specific CD4+ T cells massively expanded and produced effector cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF). This was followed by a gradual contraction, stable maintenance following lesion resolution, and display of memory (recall) response following secondary challenge. Vaccination with rDLD protein induced strong protection in mice against virulent L. major challenge. Identification of Ags that elicit protective immunity and their responding Ag-specific T cells are critical steps necessary for developing effective vaccines and vaccination strategies against infectious agents, including protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Aida F Barazandeh
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; and
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; and
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Nnamdi Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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13
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Stark AK, Davenport ECM, Patton DT, Scudamore CL, Vanhaesebroeck B, Veldhoen M, Garden OA, Okkenhaug K. Loss of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity in Regulatory T Cells Leads to Neuronal Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:78-89. [PMID: 32414808 PMCID: PMC7311201 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Class I PI3K enzymes are critical for the maintenance of effective immunity. In T cells, PI3Kα and PI3Kδ are activated by the TCR and costimulatory receptors, whereas PI3Kγ is activated by G protein-coupled chemokine receptors. PI3Kδ is a key regulator of regulatory T (Treg) cell function. PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors are in development for the treatment of diseases associated with immune dysregulation, including chronic inflammatory conditions, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Idelalisib (PI3Kδ), alpelisib (PI3Kα), duvelisib (PI3Kδ/γ), and copanlisib (pan-PI3K) have recently been approved for use in cancer treatment. Although effective, these therapies often have severe side effects associated with immune dysregulation and, in particular, loss of Treg cells. Therefore, it is important to gain a better understanding of the relative contribution of different PI3K isoforms under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Experimental autoimmune encephalitis is a mouse model of T cell-driven CNS inflammation, in which Treg cells play a key protective role. In this study, we show that PI3Kδ is required to maintain normal Treg cell development and phenotype under homeostatic conditions but that loss of PI3Kδ alone in Treg cells does not lead to autoimmunity. However, combined loss of PI3Kα and PI3Kδ signaling resulted in increased experimental autoimmune encephalitis disease severity. Moreover, mice lacking PI3Kα and PI3Kδ in Treg cells developed spontaneous peripheral nerve inflammation. These results show a key role for PI3K signaling in Treg cell-mediated protection against CNS inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/diagnosis
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/administration & dosage
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peripheral Nerves/immunology
- Peripheral Nerves/pathology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrien Stark
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C M Davenport
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T Patton
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl L Scudamore
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
- Exepathology, Exmouth EX8 5LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6AG, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Joâo Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; and
| | - Oliver A Garden
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom;
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
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14
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p110δ PI3K as a therapeutic target of solid tumours. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1377-1397. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20190772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFrom the time of first characterization of PI3K as a heterodimer made up of a p110 catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, a wealth of evidence have placed the class IA PI3Ks at the forefront of drug development for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. The p110α isoform was quickly brought at the centre of attention in the field of cancer research by the discovery of cancer-specific gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA gene in a range of human solid tumours. In contrast, p110δ PI3K was placed into the spotlight of immunity, inflammation and haematologic malignancies because of the preferential expression of this isoform in leucocytes and the rare mutations in PIK3CD gene. The last decade, however, several studies have provided evidence showing that the correlation between the PIK3CA mutations and the response to PI3K inhibition is less clear than originally considered, whereas concurrently an unexpected role of p110δ PI3K in solid tumours has being emerging. While PIK3CD is mostly non-mutated in cancer, the expression levels of p110δ protein seem to act as an intrinsic cancer-causing driver in various solid tumours including breast, prostate, colorectal and liver cancer, Merkel-Cell carcinoma, glioblastoma and neurobalstoma. Furthermore, p110δ selective inhibitors are being studied as potential single agent treatments or as combination partners in attempt to improve cancer immunotherapy, with both strategies to shown great promise for the treatment of several solid tumours. In this review, we discuss the evidence implicating the p110δ PI3K in human solid tumours, their impact on the current state of the field and the potential of using p110δ-selective inhibitors as monotherapy or combined therapy in different cancer contexts.
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15
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Jia Y, Yang Q, Wang Y, Li W, Chen X, Xu T, Tian Z, Feng M, Zhang L, Tang W, Tian N, Zhou L, Song W, Zhao X. Hyperactive PI3Kδ predisposes naive T cells to activation via aerobic glycolysis programs. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:1783-1797. [PMID: 32099075 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome (APDS) is an autosomal-dominant combined immunodeficiency disorder resulting from pathogenic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the PIK3CD gene. Patients with APDS display abnormal T cell homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which PIK3CD GOF contributes to this feature remain unknown. Here, with a cohort of children with PIK3CD GOF mutations from multiple regions of China and a corresponding CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited mouse model, we reported that hyperactive PI3Kδ disrupted TNaive cell homeostasis in the periphery by intrinsically promoting the growth, proliferation, and activation of TNaive cells. Our results showed that PIK3CD GOF resulted in loss of the quiescence-associated gene expression profile in naive T cells and promoted naive T cells to overgrow, hyperproliferate and acquire an activated functional status. Naive PIK3CD GOF T cells exhibited an enhanced glycolytic capacity and reduced mitochondrial respiration in the resting or activated state. Blocking glycolysis abrogated the abnormal splenic T cell pool and reversed the overactivated phenotype induced by PIK3CD GOF in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that enhanced aerobic glycolysis is required for PIK3CD GOF-induced overactivation of naive T cells and provide a potential therapeutic approach for targeting glycolysis to treat patients with APDS as well as other immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Jia
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyun Yang
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhirui Tian
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minxuan Feng
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Tian
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Franks SE, Getahun A, Cambier JC. A Precision B Cell-Targeted Therapeutic Approach to Autoimmunity Caused by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway Dysregulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3381-3393. [PMID: 31076529 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inositol lipid phosphatases PTEN and SHIP-1 play a crucial role in maintaining B cell anergy and are reduced in expression in B cells from systemic lupus erythematosus and type 1 diabetes patients, consequent to aberrant regulation by miRNA-7 and 155. With an eye toward eventual use in precision medicine therapeutic approaches in autoimmunity, we explored the ability of p110δ inhibition to compensate for PI3K pathway dysregulation in mouse models of autoimmunity. Low dosages of the p110δ inhibitor idelalisib, which spare the ability to mount an immune response to exogenous immunogens, are able to block the development of autoimmunity driven by compromised PI3K pathway regulation resultant from acutely induced B cell-targeted haploinsufficiency of PTEN and SHIP-1. These conditions do not block autoimmunity driven by B cell loss of the regulatory tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Finally, we show that B cells in NOD mice express reduced PTEN, and low-dosage p110δ inhibitor therapy blocks disease progression in this model of type 1 diabetes. These studies may aid in the development of precision treatments that act by enforcing PI3K pathway regulation in patients carrying specific risk alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elizabeth Franks
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
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17
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Ihedioha O, Blanchard AA, Balhara J, Okwor I, Jia P, Uzonna J, Myal Y. The human breast cancer-associated protein, the prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), regulates intracellular signaling events and cytokine production by macrophages. Immunol Res 2019. [PMID: 29536339 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-8987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) is considered a valuable biomarker that is associated with both benign and malignant pathological conditions of the mammary gland. The function of PIP in breast tumorigenesis remains unknown; however, evidence from our laboratory and others suggest that it regulates host immunity. Studies with PIP-deficient (PIP-/-) mice demonstrated significantly lower numbers of CD4+ T cells in their secondary lymphoid organs, impaired Th1 response, and impaired nitric oxide (NO) production. To further delineate the immunoregulatory role of PIP, we compared the expression of IFN-γR and TLR4, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and intracellular signaling events by IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages from wild-type (WT) and PIP-/- mice. We showed that although the expressions of IFN-γR and TLR4 were comparable, productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were decreased in PIP-/- macrophages. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer of activation of transcription (STAT) proteins in macrophages from PIP-/- mice. Interestingly, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and 3 proteins, known to suppress IFN-γ and LPS signaling, was higher in PIP-/- macrophages compared to those from WT mice. Collectively, our studies show that deficiency of PIP significantly affects intracellular signaling events leading to decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and further confirms a role for PIP as an important immunoregulatory protein. This direct link between PIP and cell-mediated immunity, a key component of the immune system that is critical for cancer control, may have significant therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ihedioha
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anne A Blanchard
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jyoti Balhara
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jude Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Yvonne Myal
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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18
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Chellappa S, Kushekhar K, Munthe LA, Tjønnfjord GE, Aandahl EM, Okkenhaug K, Taskén K. The PI3K p110δ Isoform Inhibitor Idelalisib Preferentially Inhibits Human Regulatory T Cell Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1397-1405. [PMID: 30692213 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), signaling through several prosurvival B cell surface receptors activates the PI3K signaling pathway. Idelalisib is a highly selective PI3K (PI3Kδ) isoform-specific inhibitor effective in relapsed/refractory CLL and follicular lymphoma. However, severe autoimmune adverse effects in association with the use of idelalisib in the treatment of CLL, particularly as a first-line therapy, gave indications that idelalisib may preferentially target the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). On this background, we examined the effect of idelalisib on the function of human Tregs ex vivo with respect to proliferation, TCR signaling, phenotype, and suppressive function. Our results show that human Tregs are highly susceptible to PI3Kδ inactivation using idelalisib compared with CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells (Teffs) as evident from effects on anti-CD3/CD28/CD2-induced proliferation (order of susceptibility [IC50]: Treg [.5 μM] > CD4+ Teff [2.0 μM] > CD8+ Teff [6.5 μM]) and acting at the level of AKT and NF-κB phosphorylation. Moreover, idelalisib treatment of Tregs altered their phenotype and reduced their suppressive function against CD4+ and CD8+ Teffs. Phenotyping Tregs from CLL patients treated with idelalisib supported our in vitro findings. Collectively, our data show that human Tregs are more dependent on PI3Kδ-mediated signaling compared with CD4+ and CD8+ Teffs. This Treg-preferential effect could explain why idelalisib produces adverse autoimmune effects by breaking Treg-mediated tolerance. However, balancing effects on Treg sensitivity versus CD8+ Teff insensitivity to idelalisib could still potentially be exploited to enhance inherent antitumor immune responses in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stalin Chellappa
- Department for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kushi Kushekhar
- Department for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar M Aandahl
- Department for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway.,Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; .,K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Aksoy E, Saveanu L, Manoury B. The Isoform Selective Roles of PI3Ks in Dendritic Cell Biology and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2574. [PMID: 30498491 PMCID: PMC6249308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3Ks) generate 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositide lipids that are implicated in many biological processes in homeostatic states and pathologies such as cancer, inflammation and autoimmunity. Eight isoforms of PI3K exist in mammals and among them the class I PI3K, p110γ, and PI3Kδ, and class III Vps34 being the most expressed and well characterized in immune cells. Following engagement of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), PI3Ks coordinate vital cellular processes of signaling and vesicular trafficking in innate phagocytes such as macrophages and professional antigen presenting dendritic cells (DCs). Although previous studies demonstrated the involvement of PI3K isoforms in innate and adaptive immune cell types, the role of PI3Ks with respect to DC biology has been enigmatic. Thus, this review, based on studies involving PI3K isoforms, highlight how the different PI3Ks isoforms could regulate DC functions such as antigen processing and presentation including PRR responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Loredana Saveanu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité UMR 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Manoury
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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20
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Qiao S, Zheng N, Sun L, Pang G, Wang S, Jia P, Uzonna JE, Bai H, Yang X. The p110δ isoforme of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase plays an important role in host defense against chlamydial lung infection through influencing CD4+ T-cell function. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5035814. [PMID: 29893841 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3Ks display integrant significance in T-cell development and differentiation, which is related to host defense against infections. Here, we investigated the role of p110δ isoform of PI3Ks in host defense against chlamydial lung infection in a mouse model. Our data showed that lung infection with Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Compared to WT mice, p110δD910A mice, mice with an inactivating knockin mutation in the p110δ Isoform of PI3Ks, showed more sever disease phenotype and slower recovery, which was associated with reduced Chlamydia-specific Th1 and Th17 immune responses following infection. Further adoptive transfer experiment showed that mice which received CD4+ T cells from infected p110δD910A mice exhibited greater body weight loss and higher bacterial loads in the lung than those which received CD4+ T cells from WT mice following challenge infection. These results provide in vivo evidence that p110δ isoform of PI3Ks plays an important role in host defense against chlamydial infection by promoting CD4+ T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0T5, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ningbo Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lida Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Gaoju Pang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0T5, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0T5, Canada
| | - Jude Ezeh Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0T5, Canada
| | - Hong Bai
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0T5, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E0T5, Canada
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21
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Aragoneses-Fenoll L, Ojeda G, Montes-Casado M, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Dianzani U, Portolés P, Rojo JM. T-Cell-Specific Loss of the PI-3-Kinase p110α Catalytic Subunit Results in Enhanced Cytokine Production and Antitumor Response. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535720 PMCID: PMC5835342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunits p110α and p110δ are targets in cancer therapy expressed at high levels in T lymphocytes. The role of p110δ PI3K in normal or pathological immune responses is well established, yet the importance of p110α subunits in T cell-dependent immune responses is not clear. To address this problem, mice with p110α conditionally deleted in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes (p110α-/-ΔT) were used. p110α-/-ΔT mice show normal development of T cell subsets, but slightly reduced numbers of CD4+ T cells in the spleen. "In vitro," TCR/CD3 plus CD28 activation of naive CD4+ and CD8+ p110α-/-ΔT T cells showed enhanced effector function, particularly IFN-γ secretion, T-bet induction, and Akt, Erk, or P38 activation. Tfh derived from p110α-/-ΔT cells also have enhanced responses when compared to normal mice, and IL-2 expanded p110α-/-ΔT CD8+ T cells had enhanced levels of LAMP-1 and Granzyme B. By contrast, the expansion of p110α-/-ΔT iTreg cells was diminished. Also, p110α-/-ΔT mice had enhanced anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) IFN-γ, or IL-4 responses and IgG1 and IgG2b anti-KLH antibodies, using CFA or Alum as adjuvant, respectively. When compared to WT mice, p110α-/-ΔT mice inoculated with B16.F10 melanoma showed delayed tumor progression. The percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes was higher and the percentage of Treg cells lower in the spleen of tumor-bearing p110α-/-ΔT mice. Also, IFN-γ production in tumor antigen-activated spleen cells was enhanced. Thus, PI3K p110α plays a significant role in antigen activation and differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes modulating antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aragoneses-Fenoll
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Ojeda
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Montes-Casado
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Pilar Portolés
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Rojo
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Bowers JS, Majchrzak K, Nelson MH, Aksoy BA, Wyatt MM, Smith AS, Bailey SR, Neal LR, Hammerbacher JE, Paulos CM. PI3Kδ Inhibition Enhances the Antitumor Fitness of Adoptively Transferred CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1221. [PMID: 29033940 PMCID: PMC5626814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p110δ (PI3Kδ) inhibition by Idelalisib (CAL-101) in hematological malignancies directly induces apoptosis in cancer cells and disrupts immunological tolerance by depleting regulatory T cells. Yet, little is known about the direct impact of PI3Kδ blockade on effector T cells from CAL-101 therapy. Herein, we demonstrate a direct effect of p110δ inactivation via CAL-101 on murine and human CD8+ T cells that promotes a strong undifferentiated phenotype (elevated CD62L/CCR7, CD127, and Tcf7). These CAL-101 T cells also persisted longer after transfer into tumor bearing mice in both the murine syngeneic and human xenograft mouse models. The less differentiated phenotype and improved engraftment of CAL-101 T cells resulted in stronger antitumor immunity compared to traditionally expanded CD8+ T cells in both tumor models. Thus, this report describes a novel direct enhancement of CD8+ T cells by a p110δ inhibitor that leads to markedly improved tumor regression. This finding has significant implications to improve outcomes from next generation cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Bowers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kinga Majchrzak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michelle H Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bulent Arman Aksoy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stefanie R Bailey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lillian R Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Hammerbacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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23
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Emerging role of BCR signaling inhibitors in immunomodulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1867-1875. [PMID: 29296833 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approved therapies that target the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, such as ibrutinib and idelalisib, are known to show activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) via their direct effects on crucial survival pathways in malignant B cells. However, these therapies also have effects on T cells in CLL by mediating toxicity and possibly controlling disease. By focusing on the effects of BCR signaling inhibitors on the T-cell compartment, we may gain new insights into the comprehensive biological outcomes of systemic treatment to further understand mechanisms of drug efficacy, predict the toxicity or adverse events, and identify novel combinatorial therapies. Here, we review T-cell abnormalities in preclinical models and patient samples, finding that CLL T cells orchestrate immune dysfunction and immune-related complications. We then continue to address the effects of clinically available small molecule BCR signaling inhibitors on the immune cells, especially T cells, in the context of concomitant immune-mediated adverse events and implications for future treatment strategies. Our review suggests potentially novel mechanisms of action related to BCR inhibitors, providing a rationale to extend their use to other cancers and autoimmune disorders.
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24
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25
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Okeke EB, Mou Z, Onyilagha N, Jia P, Gounni AS, Uzonna JE. Deficiency of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ Signaling Leads to Diminished Numbers of Regulatory T Cells and Increased Neutrophil Activity Resulting in Mortality Due to Endotoxic Shock. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1086-1095. [PMID: 28659355 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of clinical and biomedical research, the pathogenesis of sepsis and its spectrum of diseases (severe sepsis and septic shock), which are leading causes of death in intensive care units, are still poorly understood. In this article, we show that signaling via the p110δ isoform of PI3K is critical for survival in experimental sepsis. Mice with an inactive knock-in mutation in the p110δ gene (p110δD910A) succumbed acutely to nonlethal dose LPS challenge. The susceptibility of p110δD910A mice to LPS was associated with increased neutrophil numbers and activities in the tissues, due in part to delayed apoptosis resulting mostly from inherent reduced regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers. Adoptive transfer of wild-type or p110δD910A Tregs abrogated exaggerated neutrophil activity, increased neutrophil apoptosis, and rescued p110δD910A mice from mortality after LPS challenge. We confirmed the clinical relevance of these findings by showing that human Tregs also regulate neutrophil function and survival. Collectively, our results show that PI3K δ is essential for survival during sepsis. In addition, our data highlight the importance of Tregs in regulating the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock via their effects on neutrophil survival and function, and provide evidence of regulation of innate immunity by cells of the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka B Okeke
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Nonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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26
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Gotwals P, Cameron S, Cipolletta D, Cremasco V, Crystal A, Hewes B, Mueller B, Quaratino S, Sabatos-Peyton C, Petruzzelli L, Engelman JA, Dranoff G. Prospects for combining targeted and conventional cancer therapy with immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:286-301. [PMID: 28338065 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 25 years, research in cancer therapeutics has largely focused on two distinct lines of enquiry. In one approach, efforts to understand the underlying cell-autonomous, genetic drivers of tumorigenesis have led to the development of clinically important targeted agents that result in profound, but often not durable, tumour responses in genetically defined patient populations. In the second parallel approach, exploration of the mechanisms of protective tumour immunity has provided several therapeutic strategies - most notably the 'immune checkpoint' antibodies that reverse the negative regulators of T cell function - that accomplish durable clinical responses in subsets of patients with various tumour types. The integration of these potentially complementary research fields provides new opportunities to improve cancer treatments. Targeted and immune-based therapies have already transformed the standard-of-care for several malignancies. However, additional insights into the effects of targeted therapies, along with conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, on the induction of antitumour immunity will help to advance the design of combination strategies that increase the rate of complete and durable clinical response in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gotwals
- Exploratory Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Scott Cameron
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Daniela Cipolletta
- Exploratory Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Viviana Cremasco
- Exploratory Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Adam Crystal
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Becker Hewes
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Britta Mueller
- Exploratory Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Sonia Quaratino
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | | | - Lilli Petruzzelli
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Exploratory Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
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27
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Khadem F, Jia P, Mou Z, Feiz Barazandeh A, Liu D, Keynan Y, Uzonna JE. Pharmacological inhibition of p110δ subunit of PI3K confers protection against experimental leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:467-477. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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28
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Lucas CL, Chandra A, Nejentsev S, Condliffe AM, Okkenhaug K. PI3Kδ and primary immunodeficiencies. Nat Rev Immunol 2016; 16:702-714. [PMID: 27616589 PMCID: PMC5291318 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies are inherited disorders of the immune system, often caused by the mutation of genes required for lymphocyte development and activation. Recently, several studies have identified gain-of-function mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) genes PIK3CD (which encodes p110δ) and PIK3R1 (which encodes p85α) that cause a combined immunodeficiency syndrome, referred to as activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS; also known as p110δ-activating mutation causing senescent T cells, lymphadenopathy and immunodeficiency (PASLI)). Paradoxically, both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations that affect these genes lead to immunosuppression, albeit via different mechanisms. Here, we review the roles of PI3Kδ in adaptive immunity, describe the clinical manifestations and mechanisms of disease in APDS and highlight new insights into PI3Kδ gleaned from these patients, as well as implications of these findings for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Lucas
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Anita Chandra
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sergey Nejentsev
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alison M Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity &Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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29
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Okkenhaug K, Graupera M, Vanhaesebroeck B. Targeting PI3K in Cancer: Impact on Tumor Cells, Their Protective Stroma, Angiogenesis, and Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1090-1105. [PMID: 27655435 PMCID: PMC5293166 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is hyperactivated in most cancers, yet the capacity of PI3K inhibitors to induce tumor cell death is limited. The efficacy of PI3K inhibition can also derive from interference with the cancer cells' ability to respond to stromal signals, as illustrated by the approved PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib in B-cell malignancies. Inhibition of the leukocyte-enriched PI3Kδ or PI3Kγ may unleash antitumor T-cell responses by inhibiting regulatory T cells and immune-suppressive myeloid cells. Moreover, tumor angiogenesis may be targeted by PI3K inhibitors to enhance cancer therapy. Future work should therefore also explore the effects of PI3K inhibitors on the tumor stroma, in addition to their cancer cell-intrinsic impact. SIGNIFICANCE The PI3K pathway extends beyond the direct regulation of cancer cell proliferation and survival. In B-cell malignancies, targeting PI3K purges the tumor cells from their protective microenvironment. Moreover, we propose that PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors may be exploited in the context of cancer immunotherapy and by targeting angiogenesis to improve drug and immune cell delivery. Cancer Discov; 6(10); 1090-105. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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PI3K signaling in Leishmania infections. Cell Immunol 2016; 309:19-22. [PMID: 27622385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PI3K signaling plays a role in the host response to Leishmania infections. At the cellular level PI3K signaling is engaged by the parasite to control several cellular processes, which ensures parasite persistence. At the systemic level, there is evidence that recruitment of regulatory cells into lesions is impaired in the absence of robust PI3K signaling. In this mini-review the more recent studies that investigated the roles of PI3K signaling in Leishmania infections are discussed.
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31
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Mou Z, Li J, Boussoffara T, Kishi H, Hamana H, Ezzati P, Hu C, Yi W, Liu D, Khadem F, Okwor I, Jia P, Shitaoka K, Wang S, Ndao M, Petersen C, Chen J, Rafati S, Louzir H, Muraguchi A, Wilkins JA, Uzonna JE. Identification of broadly conserved cross-species protective Leishmania antigen and its responding CD4+ T cells. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:310ra167. [PMID: 26491077 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no clinically effective vaccine against leishmaniasis because of poor understanding of the antigens that elicit dominant T cell immunity. Using proteomics and cellular immunology, we identified a dominant naturally processed peptide (PEPCK335-351) derived from Leishmania glycosomal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). PEPCK was conserved in all pathogenic Leishmania, expressed in glycosomes of promastigotes and amastigotes, and elicited strong CD4(+) T cell responses in infected mice and humans. I-A(b)-PEPCK335-351 tetramer identified protective Leishmania-specific CD4(+) T cells at a clonal level, which comprised ~20% of all Leishmania-reactive CD4(+) T cells at the peak of infection. PEPCK335-351-specific CD4(+) T cells were oligoclonal in their T cell receptor usage, produced polyfunctional cytokines (interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor), and underwent expansion, effector activities, contraction, and stable maintenance after lesion resolution. Vaccination with PEPCK peptide, DNA expressing full-length PEPCK, or rPEPCK induced strong durable cross-species protection in both resistant and susceptible mice. The effectiveness and durability of protection in vaccinated mice support the development of a broadly cross-species protective vaccine against different forms of leishmaniasis by targeting PEPCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada
| | - Jintao Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada. Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Thouraya Boussoffara
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Peyman Ezzati
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Chuanmin Hu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weijing Yi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada
| | - Forough Khadem
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada
| | - Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada
| | - Kiyomi Shitaoka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Momar Ndao
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | | | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sima Rafati
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Hechmi Louzir
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - John A Wilkins
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada. Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada.
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32
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Abstract
Diseases caused by Leishmania present a worldwide problem, and current therapeutic approaches are unable to achieve a sterile cure. Leishmania is able to persist in host cells by evading or exploiting host immune mechanisms. A thorough understanding of these mechanisms could lead to better strategies for effective management of Leishmania infections. Current research has focused on parasite modification of host cell signaling pathways, entry into phagocytic cells, and modulation of cytokine and chemokine profiles that alter immune cell activation and trafficking to sites of infection. Immuno-therapeutic approaches that target these mechanisms of immune evasion by Leishmania offer promising areas for preclinical and clinical research.
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33
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Khadem F, Gao X, Mou Z, Jia P, Movassagh H, Onyilagha C, Gounni AS, Wright MC, Uzonna JE. Hepatic stellate cells regulate liver immunity to visceral leishmaniasis through P110δ-dependent induction and expansion of regulatory T cells in mice. Hepatology 2016; 63:620-32. [PMID: 26289140 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is associated with severe immune dysfunction and if untreated leads to death. Because the liver is one of the primary target organs in VL, unraveling the mechanisms governing the local hepatic immune response is important for understanding the immunopathogenesis of VL. We previously reported that mice with inactivating knockin mutation in the p110δ gene (p110δ(D910A) ) are resistant to VL, due in part to impaired regulatory T-cell (Treg) expansion. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of this resistance by focusing on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are known to regulate Treg induction and expansion. We show that HSCs are infected with Leishmania donovani in vivo and in vitro and that this infection leads to the production of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-β, cytokines known to induce Tregs. We further demonstrate that L. donovani infection leads to expansion of HSCs in a p110δ-dependent manner and that this correlated with proliferation of hepatic Tregs in vivo. In vitro studies clearly show that L. donovani-infected HSCs induce CD4(+) T cells to become Tregs and expand Tregs in a p110δ-dependent manner. Targeted depletion of HSCs during infection caused a dramatic reduction in liver Treg numbers and proliferation, which was associated with a decrease in interleukin-10 production by hepatic T cells and a more efficient parasite control. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the critical role of HSCs in the pathogenesis of VL and suggest that the enhanced resistance of p110δ(D910A) mice to L. donovani infection is due in part to impaired expansion and inability of their HSCs to induce and expand Tregs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Khadem
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hesamaldin Movassagh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew C Wright
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Gracias DT, Boesteanu AC, Fraietta JA, Hope JL, Carey AJ, Mueller YM, Kawalekar OU, Fike AJ, June CH, Katsikis PD. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase p110δ Isoform Regulates CD8+ T Cell Responses during Acute Viral and Intracellular Bacterial Infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1186-98. [PMID: 26740110 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The p110δ isoform of PI3K is known to play an important role in immunity, yet its contribution to CTL responses has not been fully elucidated. Using murine p110δ-deficient CD8(+) T cells, we demonstrated a critical role for the p110δ subunit in the generation of optimal primary and memory CD8(+) T cell responses. This was demonstrated in both acute viral and intracellular bacterial infections in mice. We show that p110δ signaling is required for CD8(+) T cell activation, proliferation and effector cytokine production. We provide evidence that the effects of p110δ signaling are mediated via Akt activation and through the regulation of TCR-activated oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. In light of recent clinical trials that employ drugs targeting p110δ in certain cancers and other diseases, our study suggests caution in using these drugs in patients, as they could potentially increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. These studies therefore reveal a novel and direct role for p110δ signaling in in vivo CD8(+) T cell immunity to microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald T Gracias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Alina C Boesteanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Alison J Carey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Omkar U Kawalekar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
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Kieckbusch J, Balmas E, Hawkes DA, Colucci F. Disrupted PI3K p110δ Signaling Dysregulates Maternal Immune Cells and Increases Fetal Mortality In Mice. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2817-28. [PMID: 26711346 PMCID: PMC4700049 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune cells are an integral part of reproduction, but how they might cause pregnancy complications remains elusive. Macrophages and their dual function in inflammation and tissue repair are thought to play key yet undefined roles. Altered perinatal growth underpins adult morbidity, and natural killer (NK) cells may sustain fetal growth by establishing the placental blood supply. Using a mouse model of genetic inactivation of PI3K p110δ, a key intracellular signaling molecule in leukocytes, we show that p110δ regulates macrophage dynamics and NK-cell-mediated arterial remodeling. The uterus of dams with inactive p110δ had decreased IFN-γ and MHC class IIlow macrophages but enhanced IL-6. Poor vascular remodeling and a pro-inflammatory uterine milieu resulted in fetal death or growth retardation. Our results provide one mechanism that explains how imbalanced adaptations of maternal innate immune cells to gestation affect offspring well-being with consequence perinatally and possibly into adulthood. Genetic inactivation of p110δ in pregnant mice perturbs maternal immune cells Uterine NK cells produce less cytokines, resulting in fetal growth restriction Inflammatory macrophages are overrepresented, resulting in increased fetal loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kieckbusch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Elisa Balmas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Delia A Hawkes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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Pearce VQ, Bouabe H, MacQueen AR, Carbonaro V, Okkenhaug K. PI3Kδ Regulates the Magnitude of CD8+ T Cell Responses after Challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3206-17. [PMID: 26311905 PMCID: PMC4574522 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PI3Ks regulate diverse immune cell functions by transmitting intracellular signals from Ag, costimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors to control cell division, differentiation, survival, and migration. In this study, we report the effect of inhibiting the p110δ subunit of PI3Kδ on CD8(+) T cell responses to infection with the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. A strong dependency on PI3Kδ for IFN-γ production by CD8(+) T cells in vitro was not recapitulated after Listeria infection in vivo. Inactivation of PI3Kδ resulted in enhanced bacterial elimination by the innate immune system. However, the magnitudes of the primary and secondary CD8 +: T cell responses were reduced. Moreover, PI3Kδ activity was required for CD8(+) T cells to provide help to other responding CD8(+) cells. These findings identify PI3Kδ as a key regulator of CD8(+) T cell responses that integrates extrinsic cues, including those from other responding cells, to determine the collective behavior of CD8(+) T cell populations responding to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Q Pearce
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Hicham Bouabe
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Amy R MacQueen
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Carbonaro
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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Okwor I, Jia P, Uzonna JE. Interaction of Macrophage Antigen 1 and CD40 Ligand Leads to IL-12 Production and Resistance in CD40-Deficient Mice Infected with Leishmania major. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3218-26. [PMID: 26304989 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although some studies indicate that the interaction of CD40 and CD40L is critical for IL-12 production and resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis, others suggest that this pathway may be dispensable. In this article, we compared the outcome of Leishmania major infection in both CD40- and CD40L-deficient mice after treatment with rIL-12. We show that although CD40 and CD40L knockout (KO) mice are highly susceptible to L. major, treatment with rIL-12 during the first 2 wk of infection causes resolution of cutaneous lesions and control of parasite replication. Interestingly, although treated CD40 KO mice remained healed, developed long-term immunity, and were resistant to secondary L. major challenge, treated CD40L KO reactivated their lesion after cessation of rIL-12 treatment. Disease reactivation in CD40L KO mice was associated with impaired IL-12 and IFN-γ production and a concomitant increase in IL-4 production by cells from lymph nodes draining the infection site. We show that IL-12 production by dendritic cells and macrophages via CD40L-macrophage Ag 1 (Mac-1) interaction is responsible for the sustained resistance in CD40 KO mice after cessation of rIL-12 treatment. Blockade of CD40L-Mac-1 interaction with anti-Mac-1 mAb led to spontaneous disease reactivation in healed CD40 KO mice, which was associated with impaired IFN-γ response and loss of infection-induced immunity after secondary L. major challenge. Collectively, our data reveal a novel role of CD40L-Mac-1 interaction in IL-12 production, development, and maintenance of optimal Th1 immunity in mice infected with L. major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada; and
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada; and Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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Okwor I, Xu G, Tang H, Liang Y, Fu YX, Uzonna JE. Deficiency of CD40 Reveals an Important Role for LIGHT in Anti-Leishmania Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:194-202. [PMID: 26026056 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that LIGHT and its receptor herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) are important for development of optimal CD4(+) Th1 cell immunity and resistance to primary Leishmania major infection in mice. In this study, we further characterized the contributions of this molecule in dendritic cell (DC) maturation, initiation, and maintenance of primary immunity and secondary anti-Leishmania immunity. Flow-cytometric studies showed that CD8α(+) DC subset was mostly affected by HVEM-Ig and lymphotoxin β receptor-Ig treatment. LIGHT signaling is required at both the priming and the maintenance stages of primary anti-Leishmania immunity but is completely dispensable during secondary immunity in wild type mice. However, LIGHT blockade led to impaired IL-12 and IFN-γ responses and loss of resistance in healed CD40-deficient mice after L. major challenge. The protective effect of LIGHT was mediated primarily via its interaction with lymphotoxin β receptor on CD8α(+) DCs. Collectively, our results show that although LIGHT is critical for maintenance of primary Th1 response, it is dispensable during secondary anti-Leishmania immunity in the presence of functional CD40 signaling as seen in wild type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Guilian Xu
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haidong Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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Onyilagha C, Jia P, Jayachandran N, Hou S, Okwor I, Kuriakose S, Marshall A, Uzonna JE. The B cell adaptor molecule Bam32 is critically important for optimal antibody response and resistance to Trypanosoma congolense infection in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003716. [PMID: 25875604 PMCID: PMC4395458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bam32, a 32 kDa adaptor molecule, plays important role in B cell receptor signalling, T cell receptor signalling and antibody affinity maturation in germinal centres. Since antibodies against trypanosome variant surface glycoproteins (VSG) are critically important for control of parasitemia, we hypothesized that Bam32 deficient (Bam32-/-) mice would be susceptible to T. congolense infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We found that T. congolense-infected Bam32-/- mice successfully control the first wave of parasitemia but then fail to control subsequent waves and ultimately succumb to their infection unlike wild type (WT) C57BL6 mice which are relatively resistant. Although infected Bam32-/- mice had significantly higher hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, their serum AST and ALT levels were not different, suggesting that increased liver pathology may not be responsible for the increased susceptibility of Bam32-/- mice to T. congolense. Using direct ex vivo flow cytometry and ELISA, we show that CD4+ T cells from infected Bam32-/- mice produced significantly increased amounts of disease-exacerbating proinflammatory cytokines (including IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6). However, the percentages of regulatory T cells and IL-10-producing CD4+ cells were similar in infected WT and Bam32-/- mice. While serum levels of parasite-specific IgM antibodies were normal, the levels of parasite-specific IgG, (particularly IgG1 and IgG2a) were significantly lower in Bam32-/- mice throughout infection. This was associated with impaired germinal centre response in Bam32-/- mice despite increased numbers of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Adoptive transfer studies indicate that intrinsic B cell defect was responsible for the enhanced susceptibility of Bam32-/- mice to T. congolense infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our data show that Bam32 is important for optimal anti-trypanosome IgG antibody response and suppression of disease-promoting proinflammatory cytokines and its deficiency leads to inability to control T. congolense infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nipun Jayachandran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sen Hou
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shiby Kuriakose
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aaron Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Li J, Liu D, Mou Z, Ihedioha OC, Blanchard A, Jia P, Myal Y, Uzonna JE. Deficiency of prolactin-inducible protein leads to impaired Th1 immune response and susceptibility to Leishmania major in mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1082-91. [PMID: 25594453 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the strategic production of prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) at several ports of pathogen entry into the body suggests it might play a role in host defense, no study has directly implicated it in immunity against any infectious agent. Here, we show for the first time that PIP deficiency is associated with reduced numbers of CD4(+) T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues and impaired CD4(+) Th1-cell differentiation in vitro. In vivo, CD4(+) T cells from OVA-immunized, PIP-deficient mice showed significantly impaired proliferation and IFN-γ production following in vitro restimulation. Furthermore, PIP-deficient mice were highly susceptible to Leishmani major infection and failed to control lesion progression and parasite proliferation. This susceptibility was associated with impaired NO production and leishmanicidal activity of PIP KO macrophages following IFN-γ and LPS stimulation. Collectively, our findings implicate PIP as an important regulator of CD4(+) Th1-cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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PI3K signalling in inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:882-97. [PMID: 25514767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PI3Ks regulate several key events in the inflammatory response to damage and infection. There are four Class I PI3K isoforms (PI3Kα,β,γ,δ), three Class II PI3K isoforms (PI3KC2α, C2β, C2γ) and a single Class III PI3K. The four Class I isoforms synthesise the phospholipid 'PIP3'. PIP3 is a 'second messenger' used by many different cell surface receptors to control cell movement, growth, survival and differentiation. These four isoforms have overlapping functions but each is adapted to receive efficient stimulation by particular receptor sub-types. PI3Kγ is highly expressed in leukocytes and plays a particularly important role in chemokine-mediated recruitment and activation of innate immune cells at sites of inflammation. PI3Kδ is also highly expressed in leukocytes and plays a key role in antigen receptor and cytokine-mediated B and T cell development, differentiation and function. Class III PI3K synthesises the phospholipid PI3P, which regulates endosome-lysosome trafficking and the induction of autophagy, pathways involved in pathogen killing, antigen processing and immune cell survival. Much less is known about the function of Class II PI3Ks, but emerging evidence indicates they can synthesise PI3P and PI34P2 and are involved in the regulation of endocytosis. The creation of genetically-modified mice with altered PI3K signalling, together with the development of isoform-selective, small-molecule PI3K inhibitors, has allowed the evaluation of the individual roles of Class I PI3K isoforms in several mouse models of chronic inflammation. Selective inhibition of PI3Kδ, γ or β has each been shown to reduce the severity of inflammation in one or more models of autoimmune disease, respiratory disease or allergic inflammation, with dual γ/δ or β/δ inhibition generally proving more effective. The inhibition of Class I PI3Ks may therefore offer a therapeutic opportunity to treat non-resolving inflammatory pathologies in humans. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phosphoinositides.
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Okwor IB, Jia P, Mou Z, Onyilagha C, Uzonna JE. CD8+ T cells are preferentially activated during primary low dose leishmania major infection but are completely dispensable during secondary anti-Leishmania immunity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3300. [PMID: 25412267 PMCID: PMC4238992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that CD8+ T cells are required for optimal primary immunity to low dose Leishmania major infection. However, it is not known whether immunity induced by low dose infection is durable and whether CD8+ T cells contribute to secondary immunity following recovery from low dose infection. Here, we compared primary and secondary immunity to low and high dose L. major infections and assessed the influence of infectious dose on the quality and magnitude of secondary anti-Leishmania immunity. In addition, we investigated the contribution of CD8+ T cells in secondary anti-Leishmania immunity following recovery from low and high dose infections. We found that the early immune response to low and high dose infections were strikingly different: while low dose infection preferentially induced proliferation and effector cytokine production by CD8+ T cells, high dose infection predominantly induced proliferation and cytokine production by CD4+ T cells. This differential activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by high and low dose infections respectively, was imprinted during in vitro and in vivo recall responses in healed mice. Both low and high dose-infected mice displayed strong infection-induced immunity and were protected against secondary L. major challenge. While depletion of CD4+ cells in mice that healed low and high dose infections abolished resistance to secondary challenge, depletion of CD8+ cells had no effect. Collectively, our results show that although CD8+ T cells are preferentially activated and may contribute to optimal primary anti-Leishmania immunity following low dose infection, they are completely dispensable during secondary immunity. It is known that CD8+ T cells are important for primary immunity to low dose L. major infection, but whether low dose-induced immunity is long lasting and whether CD8+ T cells are also important for memory immune response to low dose L. major is unknown. We studied whether infectious dose affects primary anti-Leishmania immunity and the contribution of CD8+ T cells in immunity following recovery from low and high dose infections. We found that low and high dose infections preferentially induced proliferation and cytokine production by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively, during early and late stages of infections. Also, both low and high dose-infected mice were solidly protected against secondary L. major challenge. Depletion of CD4+ cells in mice that healed low and high dose infections abolished resistance to secondary challenge, but depletion of CD8+ cells had no effect. Together, our results show that although CD8+ T cells are selectively activated and contribute to optimal primary immunity after low dose infection, they are not required for secondary immunity. This research further enhances our understanding of the immunobiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma B. Okwor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Yang Q, Modi P, Ramanathan S, Quéva C, Gandhi V. Idelalisib for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.978858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mou Z, Liu D, Okwor I, Jia P, Orihara K, Uzonna JE. MHC class II restricted innate-like double negative T cells contribute to optimal primary and secondary immunity to Leishmania major. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004396. [PMID: 25233487 PMCID: PMC4169504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is generally believed that CD4+ T cells play important roles in anti-Leishmania immunity, some studies suggest that they may be dispensable, and that MHC II-restricted CD3+CD4−CD8− (double negative, DN) T cells may be more important in regulating primary anti-Leishmania immunity. In addition, while there are reports of increased numbers of DN T cells in Leishmania-infected patients, dogs and mice, concrete evidence implicating these cells in secondary anti-Leishmania immunity has not yet been documented. Here, we report that DN T cells extensively proliferate and produce effector cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF and IL-17) and granzyme B (GrzB) in the draining lymph nodes and spleens of mice following primary and secondary L. major infections. DN T cells from healed mice display functional characteristics of protective anti-Leishmania memory-like cells: rapid and extensive proliferation and effector cytokines production following L. major challenge in vitro and in vivo. DN T cells express predominantly (> 95%) alpha-beta T cell receptor (αβ TCR), are Leishmania-specific, restricted mostly by MHC class II molecules and display transcriptional profile of innate-like genes. Using in vivo depletion and adoptive transfer studies, we show that DN T cells contribute to optimal primary and secondary anti-Leishmania immunity in mice. These results directly identify DN T cells as important players in effective and protective primary and secondary anti-L. major immunity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although it is generally believed that CD4+ T cells mediate anti-Leishmania immunity, some studies suggest that CD3+CD4−CD8− (double negative, DN) T cells may play a more important role in regulating primary anti-Leishmania immunity. Here, we report that DN T cells extensively proliferate and produce effector cytokines in mice following primary and secondary L. major infections. Leishmania-reactive DN T cells utilize αβ T cell receptor (TCR) and are restricted by MHC class II molecules. Strikingly, DN T cells from healed mice display functional characteristics of protective anti-Leishmania memory-like cells: rapid and extensive proliferation, effector cytokine production in vitro and in vivo, and accelerated parasite control following secondary L. major challenge. These results directly identify DN T cells as important players in protective primary and secondary anti-L. major immunity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kanami Orihara
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jude Ezeh Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Khadem F, Mou Z, Liu D, Varikuti S, Satoskar A, Uzonna JE. Deficiency of p110δ isoform of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase leads to enhanced resistance to Leishmania donovani. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2951. [PMID: 24945303 PMCID: PMC4063731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral leishmaniasis is the most clinically relevant and dangerous form of human leishmaniasis. Most traditional drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis are toxic, possess many adverse reactions and drug resistance is emerging. Therefore, there is urgent need for identification of new therapeutic targets. Recently, we found that mice with an inactivating knock-in mutation in the p110δ isoform of pi3k, (p110δd910a) are hyper resistant to L. major, develop minimal cutaneous lesion and rapidly clear their parasite. Here, we investigated whether pi3k signaling also regulates resistance to L. donovani, one of the causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis. Methodology/Principal Findings WT and p110δD910A mice (on a BALB/c background) were infected with L. donovani. At different time points, parasite burden and granuloma formation were assessed. T and B cell responses in the liver and spleen were determined. In addition, Tregs were expanded in vivo and its impact on resistance was assessed. We found that p110δD910A mice had significantly reduced splenomegaly and hepatomegaly and these organs harbored significantly fewer parasites than those of WT mice. Interestingly, infected p110δD910A mice liver contains fewer and less organized granulomas than their infected WT counterparts. Cells from p110δD910A mice were significantly impaired in their ability to produce cytokines compared to WT mice. The percentage and absolute numbers of Tregs in infected p110δD910A mice were lower than those in WT mice throughout the course of infection. In vivo expansion of Tregs in infected p110δD910A mice abolished their enhanced resistance to L. donovani infection. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that the enhanced resistance of p110δD910A mice to L. donovani infection is due to impaired activities of Tregs. They further show that resistance to Leishmania in the absence of p110δ signaling is independent of parasite species, suggesting that targeting the PI3K signaling pathway may be useful for treatment of both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most dangerous form of human leishmaniasis in terms of mortality and morbidity and is spreading to several non-endemic areas because of global traveling and military conflicts. The emergence of Leishmania-HIV coinfection and increased prevalence of drug resistant strains have compounded an already bad situation. In addition, the drugs available are toxic, expensive and have several side effects. Therefore, a detailed understanding of protective immune response is extremely important in order to identify new therapeutic targets. The phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) family of enzymes mediate several important immunologic and physiologic cellular process including proliferation, differentiation, growth and host defense. We previously showed that genetic inactivation of the p110δ isoform of PI3K results in resistant to L. major (the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL)). Here, we investigate the role of PI3K in immunity to VL and the mechanisms underlying its protective effect. Collectively, our results demonstrate that signaling via the p110δ also regulates immunity to L. donovani, an effect that is dependent on the impact of p110δ signaling on expansion and function of regulatory T cells in vivo. Thus, our studies suggest that targeting the p110δ pathway may be a novel therapeutic strategy for controlling VL and CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Khadem
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Abhay Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Rojo JM, Ojeda G, Acosta YY, Montes-Casado M, Criado G, Portolés P. Characteristics of TCR/CD3 complex CD3{varepsilon} chains of regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) lymphocytes: role in Treg differentiation in vitro and impact on Treg in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:441-50. [PMID: 24212096 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs are anergic CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T lymphocytes exerting active suppression to control immune and autoimmune responses. However, the factors in TCR recognition underlying Treg differentiation are unclear. Based on our previous data, we hypothesized that Treg TCR/CD3 antigen receptor complexes might differ from those of CD4(+)CD25(-) Tconv. Expression levels of TCR/CD3, CD3ε,ζ chains, or other molecules involved in antigen signaling and the characteristics of CD3ε chains were analyzed in thymus or spleen Treg cells from normal mice. Tregs had quantitative and qualitatively distinct TCR/CD3 complexes and CD3ε chains. They expressed significantly lower levels of the TCR/CD3 antigen receptor, CD3ε chains, TCR-ζ chain, or the CD4 coreceptor than Tconv. Levels of kinases, adaptor molecules involved in TCR signaling, and early downstream activation pathways were also lower in Tregs than in Tconv. Furthermore, TCR/CD3 complexes in Tregs were enriched in CD3ε chains conserving their N-terminal, negatively charged amino acid residues; this trait is linked to a higher activation threshold. Transfection of mutant CD3ε chains lacking these residues inhibited the differentiation of mature CD4(+)Foxp3(-) T lymphocytes into CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs, and differences in CD3ε chain recognition by antibodies could be used to enrich for Tregs in vivo. Our results show quantitative and qualitative differences in the TCR/CD3 complex, supporting the hyporesponsive phenotype of Tregs concerning TCR/CD3 signals. These differences might reconcile avidity and flexible threshold models of Treg differentiation and be used to implement therapeutic approaches involving Treg manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Rojo
- 2.Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Sriskantharajah S, Hamblin N, Worsley S, Calver AR, Hessel EM, Amour A. Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1280:35-9. [PMID: 23551101 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized in their pathogenesis by chronic inflammation in the airways. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ), a lipid kinase expressed predominantly in leukocytes, is thought to hold much promise as a therapeutic target for such inflammatory conditions. Of particular interest for the treatment of severe respiratory disease is the observation that inhibition of PI3Kδ may restore steroid effectiveness under conditions of oxidative stress. PI3Kδ inhibition may also prevent recruitment of inflammatory cells, including T lymphocytes and neutrophils, as well as the release of proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, and proteolytic enzymes. In addition, targeting the PI3Kδ pathway could reduce the incidence of pathogen-induced exacerbations by improving macrophage-mediated bacterial clearance. In this review, we discuss the potential and highlight the unknowns of targeting PI3Kδ for the treatment of respiratory disease, focusing on recent developments in the role of the PI3Kδ pathway in inflammatory cell types believed to be critical to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Sriskantharajah
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Wu H, Chen P, Liao R, Li YW, Yi Y, Wang JX, Cai XY, He HW, Jin JJ, Cheng YF, Fan J, Sun J, Qiu SJ. Intratumoral regulatory T cells with higher prevalence and more suppressive activity in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:1555-64. [PMID: 23517245 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a vital role in immunosuppressive crosstalk; however, Tregs from different locations lead to different clinical outcomes. Our aim was, therefore, to compare the prevalences and suppressive phenotypes of Tregs in the peripheral blood, peritumor, and intratumor of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS : The frequencies and phenotypes of CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(low/-) CD49d(-) Tregs in the periphery, peritumor, and intratumor of 78 HCC patients and 12 healthy controls were evaluated by flow cytometry. Treg-cell suppressive activity was determined using an in vitro CD154 expression assay. Tregs from tumor and paired peritumor were then hybridized using an Agilent whole genome oligo microarray, and selected genes were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional analysis of the microarray data was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses. RESULTS : Intratumoral Tregs exhibited higher frequencies and more suppressive phenotypic functions than those in peritumor and periphery, whereas there was no difference between the latter two. Functional analysis showed that complement cascades, p53, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis pathways were significantly upregulated in intratumoral Tregs; the salivary secretion pathway was significantly downregulated in intratumoral Tregs, and immune cells and tumor-immuno-related Gene Ontology terms were significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS : Tregs in different locations exhibited different functional statuses. A higher prevalence and more suppressive phenotype suggested a critical role for intratumoral Tregs in the formation of multicellular immunosuppressive networks. HCC immunotherapy may be improved, therefore, by specific locational Tregs elimination or suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zotes TM, Spada R, Mulens V, Pérez-Yagüe S, Sorzano CO, Okkenhaug K, Carrera AC, Barber DF. PI3K p110δ is expressed by gp38(-)CD31(+) and gp38(+)CD31(+) spleen stromal cells and regulates their CCL19, CCL21, and LTβR mRNA levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72960. [PMID: 24009720 PMCID: PMC3757018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of p110δ PI3K in lymphoid cells has been studied extensively, showing its importance in immune cell differentiation, activation and development. Altered T cell localization in p110δ-deficient mouse spleen suggested a role for p110δ in non-hematopoietic stromal cells, which maintain hematopoietic cell segregation. We tested this hypothesis using p110δWT/WT mouse bone marrow to reconstitute lethally irradiated p110δWT/WT or p110δD910A/D910A (which express catalytically inactive p110δ) recipients, and studied localization, number and percentage of hematopoietic cell subsets in spleen and lymph nodes, in homeostatic conditions and after antigen stimulation. These analyses showed diffuse T cell areas in p110δD910A/D910A and in reconstituted p110δD910A/D910A mice in homeostatic conditions. In these mice, spleen CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers did not increase in response to antigen, suggesting that a p110δD910A/D910A stroma defect impedes correct T cell response. FACS analysis of spleen stromal cell populations showed a decrease in the percentage of gp38−CD31+ cells in p110δD910A/D910A mice. qRT-PCR studies detected p110δ mRNA expression in p110δWT/WT spleen gp38−CD31+ and gp38+CD31+ subsets, which was reduced in p110δD910A/D910A spleen. Lack of p110δ activity in these cell populations correlated with lower LTβR, CCL19 and CCL21 mRNA levels; these molecules participate in T cell localization to specific spleen areas. Our results could explain the lower T cell numbers and more diffuse T cell areas found in p110δD910A/D910A mouse spleen, as well as the lower T cell expansion after antigen stimulation in p110δD910A/D910A compared with p110δWT/WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M. Zotes
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Spada
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladimir Mulens
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Yagüe
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos O. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana C. Carrera
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F. Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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50
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Hirsch E, Ciraolo E, Franco I, Ghigo A, Martini M. PI3K in cancer-stroma interactions: bad in seed and ugly in soil. Oncogene 2013; 33:3083-90. [PMID: 23893246 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway emerged as an important player for tumor initiation and growth and, currently, PI3K inhibition constitutes a promising therapeutic approach for solid and hematological tumors. Beside its role in tumor cell evolution, PI3K signaling also provides integral functions for noncancerous cells that reside in healthy tissues surrounding the tumor, also referred as tumor microenvironment (TME). This review will address how PI3K signaling participates to the tumorigenic process and discuss the interaction between tumor cells and the surrounding TME, with particular focus on the role of PI3Ks in tumor-associated immune responses, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences-Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - E Ciraolo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences-Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - I Franco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences-Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences-Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences-Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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