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Li Y, Ren X, Gao W, Cai R, Wu J, Liu T, Chen X, Jiang D, Chen C, Cheng Q, Wu A, Cheng W. The biological behavior and clinical outcome of pituitary adenoma are affected by the microenvironment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14729. [PMID: 38738958 PMCID: PMC11090080 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenoma is one of the most common brain tumors. Most pituitary adenomas are benign and can be cured by surgery and/or medication. However, some pituitary adenomas show aggressive growth with a fast growth rate and are resistant to conventional treatments such as surgery, drug therapy, and radiation therapy. These tumors, referred to as refractory pituitary adenomas, often relapse or regrow in the early postoperative period. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently been identified as an important factor affecting the biological manifestations of tumors and acts as the main battlefield between the tumor and the host immune system. MAIN BODY In this review, we focus on describing TME in pituitary adenomas and refractory pituitary adenomas. Research on the immune microenvironment of pituitary adenomas is currently focused on immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes, and extensive research and experimental verifications are still required regarding other components of the TME. In particular, studies are needed to determine the role of the TME in the specific biological behaviors of refractory pituitary adenomas, such as high invasion, fast recurrence rate, and high tolerance to traditional treatments and to identify the mechanisms involved. CONCLUSION Overall, we summarize the similarities and differences between the TME of pituitary adenomas and refractory pituitary adenomas as well as the changes in the biological behavior of pituitary adenomas that may be caused by the microenvironment. These changes greatly affect the outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xiufang Ren
- Department of PathologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Ruikai Cai
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Jianqi Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Daoming Jiang
- Shenyang ShenDa Endoscopy Co., Ltd.ShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Chong Chen
- Shenyang ShenDa Endoscopy Co., Ltd.ShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
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Zhang X, Lu X, Shi J, Li Y, Li Y, Tao R, Huang L, Tang Y, Zhu X, Li M, Gao Y, Feng H, Yu Z. Bufalin suppresses hepatocellular carcinogenesis by targeting M2 macrophage-governed Wnt1/β-catenin signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155395. [PMID: 38340578 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells plays a key role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and provides an important target for HCC therapy. The communication between them is still on the investigation. Bufalin, the active component derived from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Chansu, has been evidenced to possess anti-HCC activity by directly suppressing tumor cells, while its immunomodulatory effect on the tumor microenvironment (TME) is unclear. PURPOSE To explore the mechanism of M2 TAM-governed tumor cell proliferation and the inhibitory effect of bufalin on HCC growth by targeting M2 macrophages. METHODS Morphology and marker proteins were detected to evaluate macrophage polarization via microscopy and flow cytometry. Cellular proliferation and malignant transformation of HCC cells cultured with macrophage conditioned medium (CM) or bufalin-primed M2-CM, were assessed by cell viability, colony formation and soft agar assays. Regulations of gene transcription and protein expression and release were determined by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, ELISA and immunofluorescence. Tumorigenicity upon bufalin treatment was verified in orthotopic and diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC mouse model. RESULTS In this study, we first verified that M2 macrophages secreted Wnt1, which acted as a mediator to trigger β-catenin activation in HCC cells, leading to cellular proliferation. Bufalin suppressed HCC cell proliferation and malignant transformation by inhibiting Wnt1 release in M2 macrophages, and dose-dependently inhibited HCC progression in mice. Mechanistically, bufalin specially targeted to block Wnt1 transcription, thus inactivating β-catenin signaling cascade in HCC cells and leading to tumor regression in HCC mouse model. CONCLUSION These results clearly reveal a novel potential of bufalin to suppress HCC through immunomodulation, and shed light on a new M2 macrophage-based modality of HCC immunotherapy, which additively enhances direct tumor-inhibitory efficacy of bufalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaona Lu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuyao Li
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ru Tao
- Department of Nursing, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingying Huang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Tang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Man Li
- Laboratoy of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hai Feng
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Tang C, Jiang ST, Li CX, Jia XF, Yang WL. The Effect of Salvianolic Acid A on Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization and Its Mechanisms in the Tumor Microenvironment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:1469. [PMID: 38611749 PMCID: PMC11013304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been identified as significant contributors to the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the secretion of various growth factors and chemokines. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) has been shown to have anti-cancer activities. However, the potential activity of SAA on re-polarized TAMs remains unclear. As there is a correlation between the TAMs and TNBC, this study investigates the effect of SAA on TAMs in the TNBC microenvironment. For that purpose, M2 TAM polarization was induced by two kinds of TNBC-conditioned medium (TNBC-TCM) in the absence or presence of SAA. The gene and protein expression of TAM markers were analyzed by qPCR, FCM, IF, ELISA, and Western blot. The protein expression levels of ERK and p-ERK in M2-like TAMs were analyzed by Western blot. The migration and invasion properties of M2-like TAMs were analyzed by Transwell assays. Here, we demonstrated that SAA increased the expression levels of CD86, IL-1β, and iNOS in M2-like TAMs and, conversely, decreased the expression levels of Arg-1 and CD206. Moreover, SAA inhibited the migration and invasion properties of M2-like TAMs effectively and decreased the protein expression of TGF-β1 and p-ERK in a concentration-dependent manner, as well as TGF-β1 gene expression and secretion. Our current findings for the first time demonstrated that SAA inhibits macrophage polarization to M2-like TAMs by inhibiting the ERK pathway and promotes M2-like TAM re-polarization to the M1 TAMs, which may exert its anti-tumor effect by regulating M1/M2 TAM polarization. These findings highlight SAA as a potential regulator of M2 TAMs and the possibility of utilizing SAA to reprogram M2 TAMs offers promising insights for the clinical management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (C.T.); (S.-T.J.); (C.-X.L.); (X.-F.J.)
| | - Shi-Ting Jiang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (C.T.); (S.-T.J.); (C.-X.L.); (X.-F.J.)
| | - Cheng-Xia Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (C.T.); (S.-T.J.); (C.-X.L.); (X.-F.J.)
| | - Xiao-Fang Jia
- Institute for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (C.T.); (S.-T.J.); (C.-X.L.); (X.-F.J.)
| | - Wen-Li Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (C.T.); (S.-T.J.); (C.-X.L.); (X.-F.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Firmanty P, Doligalska M, Krol M, Taciak B. Deciphering the Dual Role of Heligmosomoides polygyrus Antigens in Macrophage Modulation and Breast Cancer Cell Growth. Vet Sci 2024; 11:69. [PMID: 38393087 PMCID: PMC10891978 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In our study, we explored how parasitic nematodes, specifically Heligmosomoides polygyrus, influence the immune response, focusing on their potential role in tumor growth. The study aimed to understand the mechanisms by which these parasites modify immune cell activation, particularly in macrophages, and how this might create an environment conducive to tumor growth. Our methods involved analyzing the effects of H. polygyrus excretory-secretory antigens on macrophage activation and their subsequent impact on breast cancer cell lines EMT6 and 4T1. We observed that these antigens significantly increased the expression of genes associated with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, TNF-α, (Tumor Necrosis Factor) Il-6 (Interleukin), and arginase. Additionally, we observed changes in the expression of macrophage surface receptors like CD11b, F4/80, and TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4). Our findings indicate that the antigens from H. polygyrus markedly alter macrophage behavior and increase the proliferation of breast cancer cells in a laboratory setting. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between parasitic infections and cancer development, highlighting the need for further research in this area to develop potential new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Firmanty
- Center of Cellular Immunotherapy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, J. Ciszewskiego 8, b. 23, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (P.F.); (M.K.)
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Doligalska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Krol
- Center of Cellular Immunotherapy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, J. Ciszewskiego 8, b. 23, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (P.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Bartlomiej Taciak
- Center of Cellular Immunotherapy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, J. Ciszewskiego 8, b. 23, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (P.F.); (M.K.)
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Sharma P, Otto M. Multifunctional nanocomposites modulating the tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:440-462. [PMID: 37701452 PMCID: PMC10494322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has gained momentum for treating malignant tumors over the past decade. Checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor cell therapy (CAR-T) have shown considerable potency against liquid and solid cancers. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly immunosuppressive and hampers the effect of currently available cancer immunotherapies on overall treatment outcomes. Advancements in the design and engineering of nanomaterials have opened new avenues to modulate the TME. Progress in the current nanocomposite technology can overcome immunosuppression and trigger robust immunotherapeutic responses by integrating synergistic functions of different molecules. We will review recent advancements in nanomedical applications and discuss specifically designed nanocomposites modulating the TME for cancer immunotherapy. In addition, we provide information on the current landscape of clinical-stage nanocomposites for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, ABC1 Building, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Mario Otto
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, ABC1 Building, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders (CCBD), Phoenix Children's, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
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Chauhan A, Agarwal S, Masih M, Gautam PK. The Multifunction Role of Tumor-Associated Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Interaction with Immune Cells in Breast Cancer. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:856-878. [PMID: 37615117 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2249025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous group of progenitor cells that play a multifunctional role including tissue regeneration, self-renewal properties, and differentiate into cells of mesodermal lineage such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. MSCs come into contact with tumor microenvironment (TME) and differentiate into tumor-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs). Various substances such as chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and others are released by tumor cells to recruit MSCs. TA-MSCs induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program which mediates tumor growth progression, migration, and invasion. Role of MSCs in the tumor progression, stemness, malignancy, and treatment resistance in the breast cancer TME. Immunomodulation by MSCs is mediated by a combination of cell contact-dependent mechanisms and soluble substances. Monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and NK cells all show signs of MSCs' immunomodulatory capability. In a complicated interplay initiated by MSCs, anti-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role, as they unveil their full immunomodulatory potential. MSC- secreted cytokines are commonly blamed for the interaction between MSCs, monocytes, and Tregs. Here, we review the current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated immunomodulation and focus on the role MSCs play in breast cancer progression and its TME.Abbreviation MSC: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; TME: Tumor Microenvironment; TAMS; Tumour-associated Macrophages; ECM: Extracellular matrix; CAFs: Cancer-associated Fibroblasts; CFUs: Colony-forming unit Fibroblasts; Tregs: T regulatory cells; Bregs; Regulatory B cells; IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma; TNF-α: Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha; IL: Interleukin; TGF-β: transforming growth factorβ; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; CXCR: Chemokine Receptor; Blimp-1; B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1; CCL: Chemokine motif ligand; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, AII India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, AII India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Marilyn Masih
- Department of Biochemistry, AII India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, AII India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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7
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SHEN JUN, MA HONGFANG, CHEN YONGXIA, SHEN JIANGUO. ScRNA-seq reveals the correlation between M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer. Oncol Res 2023; 31:955-966. [PMID: 37744272 PMCID: PMC10513958 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.029638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of lymphatic metastasis was proved to be associated with podoplanin-expressing macrophages in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to investigate the role of the M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages and mine the key M2 macrophages-related genes for lymph node metastasis in BC. We downloaded the GSE158399 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which includes transcriptomic profiles of individual cells from primary tumors, negative lymph nodes (NLNs), and positive lymph nodes (PLNs) of breast cancer patients. The cell subsets were identified by clustering analysis after quality control of the scRNA-seq using Seurat. The activation and migration capability of M2 macrophages were evaluated with R package "GSVA". The key M2 macrophages-related genes were screened from the differential expressed genes (DEGs) and M2 macrophages activation and migration gene sets collected from MSigDB database. Our analysis identified three main cell types in primary tumors, NLNs, and PLNs: basal cells, luminal cells, and immune cell subsets. The further cell type classification of immune cell subsets indicated M2 macrophages accumulation in NLs and PLs. The GSVA enrichment scores for activation and migration capability were increased significantly in M2 macrophages from primary tumors than NLNs and PLNs (p-value < 0.001). Seven M2 macrophages activation-related and 15 M2 macrophages migration-related genes were significantly up-regulated in primary tumors than NLNs and PLNs. The proportion and GSVA enrichment scores for activation and migration of M2 macrophages may be potential markers for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Our study demonstrated that twenty-two up-regulated mRNA may be possible therapeutic targets for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- JUN SHEN
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - HONGFANG MA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - YONGXIA CHEN
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - JIANGUO SHEN
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Closset L, Gultekin O, Salehi S, Sarhan D, Lehti K, Gonzalez-Molina J. The extracellular matrix - immune microenvironment crosstalk in cancer therapy: Challenges and opportunities. Matrix Biol 2023; 121:217-228. [PMID: 37524251 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) by cancer immunotherapy has led to improved patient outcomes. However, response to these treatments is heterogeneous and cancer-type dependant. The therapeutic activity of classical cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical oncology is modulated by alterations of the TIME. A major regulator of immune cell function and resistance to both immune and classical therapies is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Concurrently, cancer therapies reshape the TIME as well as the ECM, causing both pro- and anti-tumour responses. Accordingly, the TIME-ECM crosstalk presents attractive opportunities to improve therapy outcomes. Here, we review the molecular crosstalk between the TIME and the ECM in cancer and its implications in cancer progression and clinical intervention. Additionally, we discuss examples and future directions of ECM and TIME co-targeting in combination with oncological therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Closset
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Saint-Antoine Research center (CRSA), UMR_S 938, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Okan Gultekin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dhifaf Sarhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jordi Gonzalez-Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden.
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Yang Y, Lu T, Jia X, Gao Y. FSTL1 Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Inhibiting M2-like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Recruitment toward the Lungs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101724. [PMID: 37238210 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment is associated with cancer prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages play essential roles in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), a widely expressed glycoprotein in human and mouse tissues, is a tumor suppressor in various cancers and a regulator of macrophage polarization. However, the mechanism by which FSTL1 affects crosstalk between breast cancer cells and macrophages remains unclear. By analyzing public data, we found that FSTL1 expression was significantly low in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues, and high expression of FSTL1 in patients indicated prolonged survival. Using flow cytometry, we found that total and M2-like macrophages dramatically increased in the metastatic lung tissues during breast cancer lung metastasis in Fstl1+/- mice. Transwell assay in vitro and q-PCR experimental results showed that FSTL1 inhibited macrophage migration toward 4T1 cells by decreasing CSF1, VEGF-α, and TGF-β secretion in 4T1 cells. We demonstrated that FSTL1 inhibited M2-like tumor-associated macrophage recruitment toward the lungs by suppressing CSF1, VEGF-α, and TGF-β secretion in 4T1 cells. Therefore, we identified a potential therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
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10
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Katanaev VL, Baldin A, Denisenko TV, Silachev DN, Ivanova AE, Sukhikh GT, Jia L, Ashrafyan LA. Cells of the tumor microenvironment speak the Wnt language. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:468-480. [PMID: 37045723 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays numerous functions in cancer, from primary transformation and tumor growth to metastasis. In addition to these cancer cell-intrinsic functions, Wnt signaling emerges to critically control cross-communication among cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we summarize the evidence that not only multiple cancer cell types, but also cells constituting the TME 'speak the Wnt language'. Fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelia, and lymphocytes all use the Wnt language to convey messages to and from cancer cells and among themselves; these messages are important for tumor progression and fate. Decoding this language will advance our understanding of tumor biology and unveil novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Alexey Baldin
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Denisenko
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Denis N Silachev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; Department of Functional Biochemistry of Biopolymers, A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E Ivanova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Gennadiy T Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lev A Ashrafyan
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
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de Visser KE, Joyce JA. The evolving tumor microenvironment: From cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:374-403. [PMID: 36917948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 440.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancers represent complex ecosystems comprising tumor cells and a multitude of non-cancerous cells, embedded in an altered extracellular matrix. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes diverse immune cell types, cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, and various additional tissue-resident cell types. These host cells were once considered bystanders of tumorigenesis but are now known to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of cancer. The cellular composition and functional state of the TME can differ extensively depending on the organ in which the tumor arises, the intrinsic features of cancer cells, the tumor stage, and patient characteristics. Here, we review the importance of the TME in each stage of cancer progression, from tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and intravasation to metastatic dissemination and outgrowth. Understanding the complex interplay between tumor cell-intrinsic, cell-extrinsic, and systemic mediators of disease progression is critical for the rational development of effective anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Center Lausanne, and Swiss Cancer Center Léman, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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The Roles of Secreted Wnt Ligands in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065349. [PMID: 36982422 PMCID: PMC10049518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt ligands are secreted signaling proteins that display a wide range of biological effects. They play key roles in stimulating Wnt signaling pathways to facilitate processes such as tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling is a hallmark of many cancers and genetic alterations in various Wnt signaling components, which result in ligand-independent or ligand-dependent hyperactivation of the pathway that have been identified. Recently, research is focusing on the impact of Wnt signaling on the interaction between tumor cells and their micro-environment. This Wnt-mediated crosstalk can act either in a tumor promoting or suppressing fashion. In this review, we comprehensively outline the function of Wnt ligands in different tumor entities and their impact on key phenotypes, including cancer stemness, drug resistance, metastasis, and immune evasion. Lastly, we elaborate approaches to target Wnt ligands in cancer therapy.
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Abstract
Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant. Clinical correlative data and a plethora of preclinical studies in mouse models of cancers have shown that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a cancer-promoting role. Within the primary tumour, TAMs promote tumour cell invasion and intravasation and tumour stem cell viability and induce angiogenesis. At the metastatic site, metastasis-associated macrophages promote extravasation, tumour cell survival and persistent growth, as well as maintain tumour cell dormancy in some contexts. In both the primary and metastatic sites, TAMs are suppressive to the activities of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells that have the potential to eradicate tumours. Such activities suggest that TAMs will be a major target for therapeutic intervention. In this Perspective article, we chronologically explore the evolution of our understanding of TAM biology put into the context of major enabling advances in macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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14
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Basak M, Chaudhary DK, Takahashi RU, Yamamoto Y, Tiwari S, Tahara H, Mittal A. Immunocyte Derived Exosomes: Insight into the Potential Chemo-immunotherapeutic Nanocarrier Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:20-39. [PMID: 36524837 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
"Cancer" is a dreadful immune-pathological condition that is characterized by anti-inflammatory and tumorigenic responses, elicited by the infiltrating immune cells in the vicinity of an uncontrollably proliferative tumor in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME offers a conducive microenvironment that supports cancer cell survival by modulating the host immune defense. Recent advancement in exosomal research has shown exosomes, originating from immune cells as well as the cancer cells, have immense potential for suppressing cancer progression and survival in the TME. Additionally, exosomes, irrespective of their diverse sources, have been reported to be efficient nanocarriers for cancer therapeutics with the ability for targeted delivery due to their biogenic nature, ease of cellular uptake, and scope for functionalization with biomolecules like peptides, aptamers, targeting ligands, etc. Immune cell-derived exosomes per se have been found efficacious against cancer owing to their immune-stimulant properties (in either naive or antigen primed form) even without loading any of cancer therapeutics or targeting ligand conjugation. Nevertheless, exosomes are being primarily explored as nanovesicular carriers for therapeutic molecules with different loading and targeting strategies, and the synergism between immunotherapeutic behavior of exosomes and the anticancer effect of the therapeutic molecules is yet to be explored. Hence, this review focuses specifically on the possible strategies to modulate the immunological nature of the source immune cells to obtain immune stimulant exosomes and bring these into the spotlight as chemo-immunotherapeutic nanovesicles, that can easily target and modulate the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Basak
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary
- Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology Division, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Ryou-U Takahashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology Division, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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15
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Tigue ML, Loberg MA, Goettel JA, Weiss WA, Lee E, Weiss VL. Wnt Signaling in the Phenotype and Function of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3-11. [PMID: 36214645 PMCID: PMC9812914 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play an important role in supporting tumor growth and suppressing antitumor immune responses, and TAM infiltration has been associated with poor patient prognosis in various cancers. TAMs can be classified as pro-inflammatory, M1-like, or anti-inflammatory, M2-like. While multiple factors within the tumor microenvironment affect the recruitment, polarization, and functions of TAMs, accumulating evidence suggests that Wnt signaling represents an important, targetable driver of an immunosuppressive, M2-like TAM phenotype. TAM production of Wnt ligands mediates TAM-tumor cross-talk to support cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Targeting TAM polarization and the protumorigenic functions of TAMs through inhibitors of Wnt signaling may prove a beneficial treatment strategy in cancers where macrophages are prevalent in the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Tigue
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew A Loberg
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William A Weiss
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vivian L Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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16
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Li L, Yang LL, Yang SL, Wang RQ, Gao H, Lin ZY, Zhao YY, Tang WW, Han R, Wang WJ, Liu P, Hou ZL, Meng MY, Liao LW. Andrographolide suppresses breast cancer progression by modulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4587-4603. [PMID: 35916377 PMCID: PMC10086840 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide(ADE) has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth through direct cytotoxicity on tumor cells. However, its potential activity on tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), composed mainly of M2 macrophages, are the key cells that create an immunosuppressive TME by secretion of cytokines, thus enhancing tumor progression. Re-polarized subpopulations of macrophages may represent vital new therapeutic alternatives. Our previous studies showed that ADE possessed anti-metastasis and anoikis-sensitization effects. Here, we demonstrated that ADE significantly suppressed M2-like polarization and enhanced M1-like polarization of macrophages. Moreover, ADE inhibited the migration of M2 and tube formation in HUVECs under M2 stimulation. In vivo studies showed that ADE restrained the growth of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 human breast tumor xenografts and 4T-1 mammary gland tumors through TAMs. Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway and MMPs were particularly associated with ADE's regulatory mechanisms to M2 according to RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, western blot also verified the expressions of these proteins were declined with ADE exposure. Among the cytokines released by M2, PDGF-AA and CCL2 were reduced. Our current findings for the first time elucidated that ADE could modulate macrophage polarization and function through Wnt5a signaling pathway, thereby playing its role in inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Lin Yang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Qing Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Ying Lin
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yi Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Tang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Han
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ju Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Liu Hou
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yao Meng
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Liao
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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17
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Hu Q, Wu G, Wang R, Ma H, Zhang Z, Xue Q. Cutting edges and therapeutic opportunities on tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007812. [PMID: 36439090 PMCID: PMC9693759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease with remarkable heterogeneity. A deep understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) offers potential therapeutic strategies against this malignant disease. More and more attention has been paid to the roles of macrophages in the TME. This article briefly summarizes the origin of macrophages, the mutual regulation between anti-tumoral immunity and pro-tumoral statuses derived from macrophage polarization, and the therapeutic opportunities targeting alternately activated macrophages (AAM)-type macrophage polarization. Among them, cellular components including T cells, as well as acellular components represented by IL-4 and IL-13 are key regulators driving the polarization of AAM macrophages. Novel treatments targeting macrophage-associated mechanisms are mainly divided into small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and other therapies to re-acclimate AMM macrophages. Finally, we paid special attention to an immunosuppressive subgroup of macrophages with T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) expression. Based on cellular interactions with cancer cells, TIM3+ macrophages facilitate the proliferation and progression of cancer cells, yet this process exposes targets blocking the ligand-receptor recognition. To sum up, this is a systematic review on the mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) polarization, therapeutic strategies and the biological functions of Tim-3 positive macrophages that aims to provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gujie Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Runtian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyun Ma
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhouwei Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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18
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Wan H, Lu S, Xu L, Yuan K, Xiao Y, Xie K, Wu H. Immune-Related Biomarkers Improve Performance of Risk Prediction Models for Survival in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925362. [PMID: 35936682 PMCID: PMC9353009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectThe prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis faced great challenge due to tumor heterogeneity. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between the immune infiltrate and prognosis. Moreover, we aimed to establish a risk prediction model for survival in HCC patients based on clinicopathological and immune indicators.MethodsIn this study, 316 patients with HCC who underwent radical resection in West China Hospital from 2009 to 2014 were included. Clinicopathological data and pathological specimens were collected. H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed on the pathological tissue sections. The evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density was based on H&E slices, and the assessment of the expressions of CD8, CD68, Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), OX40, CD66b, and Tryptase. was performed on the immunohistochemical slices. A risk prediction model for survival in HCC patients was established by integrating immune-related biomarkers and clinicopathological indicators.ResultsThe Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage; the microvascular invasion status; the density of TILs; the expressing levels of CD66b, OX40, and PD-L1 in the immune cell; CD68; and CD8 were the predictors of patients’ overall survival (OS). The BCLC stage; the density of TILs; and the expressions of OX40, CD68, and CD8 were associated with disease-free survival (DFS). The expressions of CD66b, CD68, OX40, and CD8 had a cumulative effect on prognosis. The area under the curve of the prediction model for OS based on clinicopathological features was improved from 0.62 to 0.74 by adding to CD8, OX40, CD68, CD66b, and TILs, whereas it was improved from 0.59 to 0.73 for the DFS prediction model.ConclusionOur results, if confirmed, indicated that immune-related biomarkers should be taken into account or stratified in survival analysis for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunlin Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Wu, ; Kunlin Xie,
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Wu, ; Kunlin Xie,
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19
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Cui Y, Luo Y, Qian Q, Tian J, Fang Z, Wang X, Zeng Y, Wu J, Li Y. Sanguinarine Regulates Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Prevent Lung Cancer Angiogenesis Through the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:732860. [PMID: 35847885 PMCID: PMC9282876 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.732860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-mediated angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment is a prerequisite for lung cancer growth and metastasis. Therefore, targeting TAMs, which block angiogenesis, is expected to be a breakthrough in controlling the growth and metastasis of lung cancer. In this study, we found that Sanguinarine (Sang) inhibits tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis of subcutaneously transplanted tumors in Lewis lung cancer mice. Furthermore, Sanguinarine inhibited the proliferation, migration, and lumen formation of HUVECs and the expression of CD31 and VEGF by regulating the polarization of M2 macrophages in vitro. However, the inhibitory effect of Sanguinarine on angiogenesis remained in vivo despite the clearance of macrophages using small molecule drugs. Further high-throughput sequencing suggested that WNT/β-Catenin signaling might represent the underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of Sanguinarine. Finally, the β-Catenin activator SKL2001 antagonized the effect of Sanguinarine, indicating that Sanguinarine can regulate M2-mediated angiogenesis through the WNT/β-Catenin pathway. In conclusion, this study presents the first findings that Sanguinarine can function as a novel regulator of the WNT/β-Catenin pathway to modulate the M2 macrophage polarization and inhibit angiogenesis, which has potential application value in immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Cui
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaohong Qian
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoying Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianchun Wu, ; Yan Li,
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianchun Wu, ; Yan Li,
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20
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Alteration in Inflammasome Cytokine Profile and Functional Plasticity of Macrophage Phenotype in Arsenic(0) Nanoparticle Treated Murine Fibrosarcoma. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Liu Q, Sun W, Zhang H. Roles and new Insights of Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment of Thyroid Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875384. [PMID: 35479325 PMCID: PMC9035491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most thyroid cancers have a good and predictable prognosis, the anaplastic, medullary, and refractory thyroid cancers still prone to recurrence and metastasis, resulting in poor prognosis. Although a number of newly developed targeted therapies have begun to be indicated for the above types of thyroid cancer in recent years, their ability to improve overall survival remain hindered by low efficacy. As the largest component of immune cells in tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages play a key role in the invasion and metastasis of thyroid cancer. There is much evidence that the immune system, tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cell interactions may revolutionize traditional therapeutic directions. Tumor-associated macrophages have been extensively studied in a variety of tumors, however, research on the relationship between thyroid cancer and macrophages is still insufficient. In this review, we summarize the functions of tumor-associated macrophages in different types of thyroid cancer, their cytokines or chemokines effect on thyroid cancer and the mechanisms that promote tumor proliferation and migration. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms by which tumor-associated macrophages maintain the stemness of thyroid cancer and potential strategies for targeting tumor-associated macrophages to treat thyroid cancer.
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22
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Structural Biology of the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1350:91-100. [PMID: 34888845 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83282-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers can be described as "rogue organs" (Balkwill FR, Capasso M, Hagemann T, J Cell Sci 125:5591-5596, 2012) because they are composed of multiple cell types and tissues. The transformed cells can recruit and alter healthy cells from surrounding tissues for their own benefit. It is these interactions that create the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME describes the cells, factors, and extracellular matrix proteins that make up the tumor and the area around it; the biology of the TME influences tumor progression. Changes in the TME can lead to the growth and development of the tumor, the death of the tumor, or tumor metastasis. Metastasis is the process by which cancer spreads from its initial site to a different part of the body. Metastasis occurs when cancer cells enter the circulatory system or lymphatic system after they break away from a tumor. Once the cells leave, they can travel to a different part of the body and form new tumors. Therefore, understanding the TME is critical to fully understand cancer and find a way to successfully combat it. Knowledge of the TME can better inform researchers of the ability of potential therapies to reach tumor cells. It can also give researchers potential targets to kill the tumor. Instead of directly killing the cancer cells, therapies can target an aspect of the TME which could then halt tumor development or lead to tumor death. In other cases, targeting another aspect of the TME could make it easier for another therapy to kill the cancer cells, for example, using nanoparticles with collagenases to target the collagen in the surrounding environment to expose the cancer cells to drugs (Zinger A, et al, ACS Nano 13(10):11008-11021, 2019).The TME can be split simply into cells and the structural matrix. Within these groups are fibroblasts, structural proteins, immune cells, lymphocytes, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, blood vessels, and signaling molecules (Spill F, et al, Curr Opin Biotechnol 40:41-48, 2016; Del Prete A, et al, Curr Opin Pharmacol 35:40-47, 2017; Arneth B, Medicina (Kaunas) 56(1), 2019). From structure to providing nutrients for growth, each of these components plays a critical role in tumor maintenance. Together these components impact cancer growth, development, and resistance to therapies (Hanahan D, Coussens LM, Cancer Cell 21:309-322, 2012). In this chapter, we will describe the TME and express the importance of the cellular and structural elements of the TME.
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23
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Sengupta D, Das S, Sharma D, Chattopadhyaya S, Mukherjee A, Mazumdar ZH, Das B, Basu S, Sengupta M. An Anti-inflammatory Fe 3 O 4 -Porphyrin Nanohybrid Capable of Apoptosis through Upregulation of p21 Kinase Inhibitor Having Immunoprotective Properties under Anticancer PDT Conditions. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100550. [PMID: 34710263 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the influence of Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) on porphyrins in the development of photosensitizers (PSs) for efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) and possible post-PDT responses for inflicting cancer cell death. Except for Au, most metal-based nanomaterials are unsuitable for clinical applications. The US Food and Drug Administration and other agencies have approved Feraheme and a few other iron oxide NPs for clinical use, paving the way for novel biocompatible immunoprotective superparamagnetic iron oxide nanohybrids to be developed as nanotherapeutics. A water-soluble nanohybrid, referred to here as E-NP, comprising superparamagnetic Fe3 O4 NPs functionalised with tripyridyl porphyrin PS was introduced through a rigid 4-carboxyphenyl linker. As a PDT agent, the efficacy of E-NP toward the AGS cancer cell line showed enhanced photosensitising ability as determined through in vitro photobiological assays. The cellular uptake of E-NPs by AGS cells led to apoptosis by upregulating ROS through cell-cycle arrest and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The subcellular localisation of the PSs in mitochondria stimulated apoptosis through upregulation of p21, a proliferation inhibitor capable of preventing tumour development. Under both PDT and non-PDT conditions, this nanohybrid can act as an anti-inflammatory agent by decreasing the production of NO and superoxide ions in murine macrophages, thus minimising collateral damage to healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Subhojit Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Debdulal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Saran Chattopadhyaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Ramkrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational & Research Institute Narendrapur, Kolkata, 700103, India
| | - Avinaba Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Charuchandra College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 029, India
| | | | - Biswajit Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788 011, India
| | - Samita Basu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 064, India
| | - Mahuya Sengupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788 011, India
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McMillen P, Oudin MJ, Levin M, Payne SL. Beyond Neurons: Long Distance Communication in Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739024. [PMID: 34621752 PMCID: PMC8491768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication is important in all aspects of tissue and organism functioning, from the level of single cells, two discreet populations, and distant tissues of the body. Long distance communication networks integrate individual cells into tissues to maintain a complex organism during development, but when communication between cells goes awry, disease states such as cancer emerge. Herein we discuss the growing body of evidence suggesting that communication methods known to be employed by neurons, also exist in other cell types. We identify three major areas of long-distance communication: bioelectric signaling, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), and macrophage modulation of networks, and draw comparisons about how these systems operate in the context of development and cancer. Bioelectric signaling occurs between cells through exchange of ions and tissue-level electric fields, leading to changes in biochemical gradients and molecular signaling pathways to control normal development and tumor growth and invasion in cancer. TNTs transport key morphogens and other cargo long distances, mediating electrical coupling, tissue patterning, and malignancy of cancer cells. Lastly macrophages maintain long distance signaling networks through trafficking of vesicles during development, providing communication relays and priming favorable microenvironments for cancer metastasis. By drawing comparisons between non-neural long distance signaling in the context of development and cancer we aim to encourage crosstalk between the two fields to cultivate new hypotheses and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McMillen
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Madeleine J Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
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Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. Chaperone-assisted E3 ligase CHIP: A double agent in cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1521-1555. [PMID: 36157498 PMCID: PMC9485218 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a ubiquitin ligase and co-chaperone belonging to Ubox family that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by switching the equilibrium of the folding-refolding mechanism towards the proteasomal or lysosomal degradation pathway. It links molecular chaperones viz. HSC70, HSP70 and HSP90 with ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), acting as a quality control system. CHIP contains charged domain in between N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and C-terminal Ubox domain. TPR domain interacts with the aberrant client proteins via chaperones while Ubox domain facilitates the ubiquitin transfer to the client proteins for ubiquitination. Thus, CHIP is a classic molecule that executes ubiquitination for degradation of client proteins. Further, CHIP has been found to be indulged in cellular differentiation, proliferation, metastasis and tumorigenesis. Additionally, CHIP can play its dual role as a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogene in numerous malignancies, thus acting as a double agent. Here, in this review, we have reported almost all substrates of CHIP established till date and classified them according to the hallmarks of cancer. In addition, we discussed about its architectural alignment, tissue specific expression, sub-cellular localization, folding-refolding mechanisms of client proteins, E4 ligase activity, normal physiological roles, as well as involvement in various diseases and tumor biology. Further, we aim to discuss its importance in HSP90 inhibitors mediated cancer therapy. Thus, this report concludes that CHIP may be a promising and worthy drug target towards pharmaceutical industry for drug development.
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Zhu H, Liu X. Advances of Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis at Early Stage, and Cellular Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:666340. [PMID: 34434889 PMCID: PMC8381364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.666340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, in 2018, 4.8 million new patients have a diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, while 3.4 million people died of such disorders. GI malignancies are tightly relevant to 26% of the world-wide cancer incidence and occupies 35% of all cancer-associated deaths. In this article, we principally investigated molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in five major GI cancers occurring at esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and colorectal region that illustrate high morbidity in Eastern and Western countries. Moreover, through this investigation, we not only emphasize importance of the tumor microenvironment in development and treatment of malignant tumors but also identify significance of M2PK, miRNAs, ctDNAs, circRNAs, and CTCs in early detection of GI cancers, as well as systematically evaluate contribution of personalized precision medicine including cellular immunotherapy, new antigen and vaccine therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy in treatment of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhu
- Precision and Personalized Cancer Treatment Center, Division of Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy, Ciming Boao International Hospital, Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone, Qionghai, China.,Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Division of Cellular & Biomedical Science, Ciming Boao International Hospital, Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone, Qionghai, China
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Abstract
The development of tumors requires an initiator event, usually exposure to DNA damaging agents that cause genetic alterations such as gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities, leading to deregulated cell proliferation. Although the mere stochastic accumulation of further mutations may cause tumor progression, it is now clear that an inflammatory microenvironment has a major tumor-promoting influence on initiated cells, in particular when a chronic inflammatory reaction already existed before the initiated tumor cell was formed. Moreover, inflammatory cells become mobilized in response to signals emanating from tumor cells. In both cases, the microenvironment provides signals that initiated tumor cells perceive by membrane receptors and transduce via downstream kinase cascades to modulate multiple cellular processes and respond with changes in cell gene expression, metabolism, and morphology. Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are examples of major signals secreted by immune cells, fibroblast, and endothelial cells and mediate an intricate cell-cell crosstalk in an inflammatory microenvironment, which contributes to increased cancer cell survival, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation to surrounding tissue conditions. Eventually, consequent changes in extracellular matrix stiffness and architecture, coupled with additional genetic alterations, further fortify the malignant progression of tumor cells, priming them for invasion and metastasis. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the composition of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on the major signals and signal-transducing events mediating different aspects of stromal cell-tumor cell communication that ultimately lead to malignant progression.
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Melaccio A, Sgaramella LI, Pasculli A, Di Meo G, Gurrado A, Prete FP, Vacca A, Ria R, Testini M. Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Angiogenic Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112775. [PMID: 34204889 PMCID: PMC8199761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Angiogenesis is an essential event for the progression of solid tumors and is promoted by angiogenic cytokines released in the tumor microenvironment by neoplastic and stromal cells. Over the last 20 years, the role of the microenvironment and the implication of several angiogenic factors in tumorigenesis of solid and hematological neoplasms have been widely studied. The tumor microenvironment has also been well-defined for thyroid cancer, clarifying the importance of angiogenesis in cancer progression, spread, and metastasis. Furthermore, recent studies have evaluated the association of circulating angiogenic factors with the clinical outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer, potentially providing noninvasive, low-cost, and safe tests that can be used in screening, diagnosis, and follow-up. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of action of these proangiogenic factors and their different molecular pathways, as well as their applications in the treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a typically favorable prognosis following standard treatments, such as surgical resection and radioiodine therapy. A subset of thyroid cancers progress to refractory/metastatic disease. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment is transformed into an angiogenic microenvironment has a role of primary importance in the aggressive behavior of these neoplasms. During tumor growth and progression, angiogenesis represents a deregulated biological process, and the angiogenic switch, characterized by the formation of new vessels, induces tumor cell proliferation, local invasion, and hematogenous metastases. This evidence has propelled the scientific community’s effort to study a number of molecular pathways (proliferation, cell cycle control, and angiogenic processes), identifying mediators that may represent viable targets for new anticancer treatments. Herein, we sought to review angiogenesis in thyroid cancer and the potential role of proangiogenic cytokines for risk stratification of patients. We also present the current status of treatment of advanced differentiated, medullary, and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, based on the rationale of angiogenesis as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Melaccio
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Lucia Ilaria Sgaramella
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pasculli
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Giovanna Di Meo
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angela Gurrado
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Prete
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Ria
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Mario Testini
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3355370914
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Porcupine inhibitors: Novel and emerging anti-cancer therapeutics targeting the Wnt signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhao Y, Ting KK, Coleman P, Qi Y, Chen J, Vadas M, Gamble J. The Tumour Vasculature as a Target to Modulate Leucocyte Trafficking. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071724. [PMID: 33917287 PMCID: PMC8038724 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumour blood vessels, characterised by abnormal morphology and function, create an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment via restricting the appropriate leucocyte subsets trafficking. Strategies to trigger phenotypic alteration in tumour vascular system to resemble normal vascular system, named vascular normalisation, promote effective trafficking of leucocytes into tumours through enhancing the interactions between leucocytes and endothelial cells. This review specifically demonstrates how targeting tumour blood vessels modulates the critical steps of leucocyte trafficking. Furthermore, selective regulation of leucocyte subsets trafficking in tumours can be achieved by vasculature-targeting strategies, contributing to improved immunotherapy and thereby delayed tumour progression. Abstract The effectiveness of immunotherapy against solid tumours is dependent on the appropriate leucocyte subsets trafficking and accumulating in the tumour microenvironment (TME) with recruitment occurring at the endothelium. Such recruitment involves interactions between the leucocytes and the endothelial cells (ECs) of the vessel and occurs through a series of steps including leucocyte capture, their rolling, adhesion, and intraluminal crawling, and finally leucocyte transendothelial migration across the endothelium. The tumour vasculature can curb the trafficking of leucocytes through influencing each step of the leucocyte recruitment process, ultimately producing an immunoresistant microenvironment. Modulation of the tumour vasculature by strategies such as vascular normalisation have proven to be efficient in facilitating leucocyte trafficking into tumours and enhancing immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of abnormal tumour vasculature and its impact on leucocyte trafficking, and potential strategies for overcoming the tumour vascular abnormalities to boost immunotherapy via increasing leucocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-025-85811237 (Y.Z.); +61-02-95656225 (J.G.)
| | - Ka Ka Ting
- Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia; (K.K.T.); (P.C.); (Y.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Paul Coleman
- Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia; (K.K.T.); (P.C.); (Y.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia; (K.K.T.); (P.C.); (Y.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia;
| | - Mathew Vadas
- Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia; (K.K.T.); (P.C.); (Y.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Jennifer Gamble
- Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia; (K.K.T.); (P.C.); (Y.Q.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-025-85811237 (Y.Z.); +61-02-95656225 (J.G.)
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31
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Lodewijk I, Nunes SP, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Dueñas M, Paramio JM. Tackling tumor microenvironment through epigenetic tools to improve cancer immunotherapy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:63. [PMID: 33761971 PMCID: PMC7992805 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations are known contributors to cancer development and aggressiveness. Additional to alterations in cancer cells, aberrant epigenetic marks are present in cells of the tumor microenvironment, including lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages, which are often overlooked but known to be a contributing factor to a favorable environment for tumor growth. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to give an overview of the epigenetic alterations affecting immune cells in the tumor microenvironment to provoke an immunosuppressive function and contribute to cancer development. Moreover, immunotherapy is briefly discussed in the context of epigenetics, describing both its combination with epigenetic drugs and the need for epigenetic biomarkers to predict response to immune checkpoint blockage. MAIN BODY Combining both topics, epigenetic machinery plays a central role in generating an immunosuppressive environment for cancer growth, which creates a barrier for immunotherapy to be successful. Furthermore, epigenetic-directed compounds may not only affect cancer cells but also immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which could be beneficial for the clinical response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Thus, modulating epigenetics in combination with immunotherapy might be a promising therapeutic option to improve the success of this therapy. Further studies are necessary to (1) understand in depth the impact of the epigenetic machinery in the tumor microenvironment; (2) how the epigenetic machinery can be modulated according to tumor type to increase response to immunotherapy and (3) find reliable biomarkers for a better selection of patients eligible to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lodewijk
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra P. Nunes
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar – University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar – University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Chaudhari N, Prakash N, Pradeep GL, Mahajan A, Lunawat S, Salunkhe V. Evaluation of density of tumor-associated macrophages using CD163 in histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma, an immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:577. [PMID: 33967504 PMCID: PMC8083437 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_109_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Macrophages account for 30%–50% of the total inflammatory cell population of ''tumor microenvironment'' that plays an important role in cancer metastasis. M2 macrophages are designated as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They are known to orchestrate all the stages of tumor progression. CD163 is TAMs–M2-specific marker. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of TAMs using CD163 in different histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Setting and Design: Expression of CD 163 was investigated in 30 histopthologically diagnosed cases of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Two sections of 4-μ thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, CD163 (Cell Marque, USA). The expression of TAMs with CD163-positive cells was done by counting the number of macrophages in three high-power fields (×400), and the mean number of macrophages per HPF was evaluated. Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Software SPSS version 20.0. Results: CD163 TAMs score increasing in higher tumor, node, metastasis stages with significant positive correlation. Conclusion: With higher histological grades, CD163 TAMs score increased. Thus, TAMs may be considered as an independent factor for determining the progression of the tumor. The immunotherapeutic approaches to control M2 TAM numbers could protect against progression to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Chaudhari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilima Prakash
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - G L Pradeep
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aarti Mahajan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Snehal Lunawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SMBT College and Hospital Research Center, Ghoti, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaibhavi Salunkhe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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da Silva SD, Marchi FA, Su J, Yang L, Valverde L, Hier J, Bijian K, Hier M, Mlynarek A, Kowalski LP, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Co-Overexpression of TWIST1-CSF1 Is a Common Event in Metastatic Oral Cancer and Drives Biologically Aggressive Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010153. [PMID: 33466385 PMCID: PMC7795342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often ulcerated and heavily infiltrated by pro-inflammatory cells. We conducted a genome-wide profiling of tissues from OSCC patients (early versus advanced stages) with 10 years follow-up. Co-amplification and co-overexpression of TWIST1, a transcriptional activator of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1), a major chemotactic agent for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), were observed in metastatic OSCC cases. The overexpression of these markers strongly predicted poor patient survival (log-rank test, p = 0.0035 and p = 0.0219). Protein analysis confirmed the enhanced expression of TWIST1 and CSF1 in metastatic tissues. In preclinical models using OSCC cell lines, macrophages, and an in vivo matrigel plug assay, we demonstrated that TWIST1 gene overexpression induces the activation of CSF1 while TWIST1 gene silencing down-regulates CSF1 preventing OSCC invasion. Furthermore, excessive macrophage activation and polarization was observed in co-culture system involving OSCC cells overexpressing TWIST1. In summary, this study provides insight into the cooperation between TWIST1 transcription factor and CSF1 to promote OSCC invasiveness and opens up the potential therapeutic utility of currently developed antibodies and small molecules targeting cancer-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: or (S.D.d.S.); (M.A.A.-J.); Tel.: +1-514-340-8222 (S.D.d.S.)
| | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil; (F.A.M.); (L.P.K.)
| | - Jie Su
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Ludmila Valverde
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Jessica Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Krikor Bijian
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Michael Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Alex Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil; (F.A.M.); (L.P.K.)
| | - Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: or (S.D.d.S.); (M.A.A.-J.); Tel.: +1-514-340-8222 (S.D.d.S.)
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Lv J, Feng ZP, Chen FK, Liu C, Jia L, Liu PJ, Yang CZ, Hou F, Deng ZY. M2-like tumor-associated macrophages-secreted Wnt1 and Wnt3a promotes dedifferentiation and metastasis via activating β-catenin pathway in thyroid cancer. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:25-37. [PMID: 33283877 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma (TC) has been a global issue for its rapid increasing incidence worldwide. Although most TC was not so aggressive with a good prognosis, treatment against anaplastic TC was relatively limited and the mechanisms are not well elucidated yet. METHODS TC cell lines (IHH4 and TPC-1) were used. Flow cytometry was used to identify the surface marker of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from cell culture. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, immunostaining, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of Wnt1, Wnt3a, components of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and proliferation/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Alkaline phosphatase activity assay, colony formation assay, and transwell assay were used to examine the roles of Wnt1, Wnt3a, and β-catenin pathway in cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion of TC cells, respectively. Subcutaneous tumor growth was monitored in nude mice. RESULTS Coculture with M2-like TAMs facilitated dedifferentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion in TC cells. EMT and proliferation-related proteins were also promoted in cocultured TC cells. The level of Wnt1 and Wnt3a was increased in the coculture system. Block of Wnt1 or Wnt3a suppressed malignant behaviors in cocultured tumor cells. Furthermore, Wnt1 or Wnt3a knockdown inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and suppressed EMT and proliferation-related signals in cocultured tumor cells. Knockdown of Wnt1 or Wnt3a inhibited tumor growth in xenograft model. CONCLUSION M2-like TAMs promoted dedifferentiation, proliferation, and metastasis of TC by Wnt1 and Wnt3a secretion and ensuing β-catenin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Kun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Jie Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Zhou Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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35
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Sharma D, Mazumder ZH, Sengupta D, Mukherjee A, Sengupta M, Das RK, Barbhuiya MH, Palit P, Jha T. Cancer photocytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory response of cis-A2B2 type meso-p-nitrophenyl and p-hydroxyphenyl porphyrin and its zinc(ii) complex: a synthetic alternative to the THPP synthon. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In comparison with the popular synthetic synthon THPP, the cis-A2B2 type of porphyrin derivative and its zinc(ii) complex PN2(OH)2Zn offer more promising photochemical and photobiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Avinaba Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology
- Charuchandra College
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata
- India
| | | | | | | | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Assam University
- Silchar
- India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
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36
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Turiello R, Morello S, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Adenosine Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:145-167. [PMID: 33123998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia. Signals delivered by extracellular adenosine are detected and transduced by G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, classified into four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A critical role of this nucleoside is emerging in the modulation of several immune and nonimmune cells defining the tumor microenvironment, providing novel insights about the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at undermining the immune-privileged sites where cancer cells grow and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Turiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Peixoto A, Cotton S, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. The Tumour Microenvironment and Circulating Tumour Cells: A Partnership Driving Metastasis and Glycan-Based Opportunities for Cancer Control. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:1-33. [PMID: 34664231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTC) are rare cells that actively detach or are shed from primary tumours into the lymph and blood. Some CTC subpopulations gain the capacity to survive, home and colonize distant locations, forming metastasis. This results from a multifactorial process in which cancer cells optimize motility, invasion, immune escape and cooperative relationships with microenvironmental cues. Here we present evidences of a self-fuelling molecular crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour stroma supporting the main milestones leading to metastasis. We discuss how the tumour microenvironment supports pre-metastatic niches and CTC development and ultimately dictates CTC fate in targeted organs. Finally, we highlight the key role played by protein glycosylation in metastasis development, its prompt response to microenvironmental stimuli and the tremendous potential of glycan-based molecular signatures for liquid biopsies and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), Porto, Portugal. .,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Cotton
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
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Etzerodt A, Moulin M, Doktor TK, Delfini M, Mossadegh-Keller N, Bajenoff M, Sieweke MH, Moestrup SK, Auphan-Anezin N, Lawrence T. Tissue-resident macrophages in omentum promote metastatic spread of ovarian cancer. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133611. [PMID: 31951251 PMCID: PMC7144521 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play important roles in cancer progression. Here, we have characterized the ontogeny and function of TAM subsets in a mouse model of metastatic ovarian cancer that is representative for visceral peritoneal metastasis. We show that the omentum is a critical premetastatic niche for development of invasive disease in this model and define a unique subset of CD163+ Tim4+ resident omental macrophages responsible for metastatic spread of ovarian cancer cells. Transcriptomic analysis showed that resident CD163+ Tim4+ omental macrophages were phenotypically distinct and maintained their resident identity during tumor growth. Selective depletion of CD163+ Tim4+ macrophages in omentum using genetic and pharmacological tools prevented tumor progression and metastatic spread of disease. These studies describe a specific role for tissue-resident macrophages in the invasive progression of metastatic ovarian cancer. The molecular pathways of cross-talk between tissue-resident macrophages and disseminated cancer cells may represent new targets to prevent metastasis and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Etzerodt
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morgane Moulin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Koed Doktor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Marc Bajenoff
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Centre for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Toby Lawrence
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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39
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Identification of Latent Oncogenes with a Network Embedding Method and Random Forest. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5160396. [PMID: 33029511 PMCID: PMC7530476 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5160396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene is a special type of genes, which can promote the tumor initiation. Good study on oncogenes is helpful for understanding the cause of cancers. Experimental techniques in early time are quite popular in detecting oncogenes. However, their defects become more and more evident in recent years, such as high cost and long time. The newly proposed computational methods provide an alternative way to study oncogenes, which can provide useful clues for further investigations on candidate genes. Considering the limitations of some previous computational methods, such as lack of learning procedures and terming genes as individual subjects, a novel computational method was proposed in this study. The method adopted the features derived from multiple protein networks, viewing proteins in a system level. A classic machine learning algorithm, random forest, was applied on these features to capture the essential characteristic of oncogenes, thereby building the prediction model. All genes except validated oncogenes were ranked with a measurement yielded by the prediction model. Top genes were quite different from potential oncogenes discovered by previous methods, and they can be confirmed to become novel oncogenes. It was indicated that the newly identified genes can be essential supplements for previous results.
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40
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Yi J, Lin Y, Yicong W, Chengyan L, Shulin Z, Wenjun C. Effect of macrophages on biological function of ovarian cancer cells in tumor microenvironment in vitro. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302:1009-1017. [PMID: 32748054 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of two types of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on the biological function of human ovarian cell lines in vitro. METHODS (1) M2 macrophage release was induced by IL-4, and M1 macrophage release by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to distinguish these two types; (2) transwell culture system was used to establish a non-contact co-culture model of macrophage and ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3, HEY, HO8910 and A2780) in vitro. The microenvironment of ovarian cancer was simulated in vitro. (3) The proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells SKOV3, HEY, HO8910 and A2780 were analyzed after co-culture. Their proliferation was detected by CCK8 method, apoptosis by flow cytometry, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, invasion by Transwell assay, and migration by wound healing test. RESULTS (1) IL-4-induced macrophages (M2) overexpressed CD163, and PMA-induced macrophages (M1) overexpressed HLA-DR. After co-culturing primary macrophages with ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3, HEY, HO8910, A2780), macrophage CD163 was highly expressed. (2) Proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3, HEY, HO8910, A2780): the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in M2 co-culture group increased compared to that in M1 co-culture group and primary co-culture group (p < 0.05); the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells in M2 co-culture group decreased compared to that in M1 co-culture group and primary co-culture group (p < 0.05). (3) Migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3, HEY, HO8910, A2780): the invasion of ovarian cancer cells in M2 co-culture group increased compared to that in M1 co-culture group and primary co-culture group (p < 0.05); the migration of ovarian cancer cells in M2 co-culture group increased compared to that in M1 co-culture group and the primary co-culture group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the simulated in vitro tumor microenvironment, co-cultured ovarian cancer cells polarized macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, M2 macrophages enhanced the proliferation, invasion and migration, and inhibited the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yi
- Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan Yicong
- Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Chengyan
- Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Shulin
- Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wenjun
- Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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41
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Crezee T, Rabold K, de Jong L, Jaeger M, Netea-Maier RT. Metabolic programming of tumor associated macrophages in the context of cancer treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1028. [PMID: 32953828 PMCID: PMC7475452 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). They are characterized by a remarkable functional plasticity, thereby mostly promoting cancer progression. Changes in immune cell metabolism are paramount for this functional adaptation. Here, we review the functional consequences of the metabolic programming of TAMs and the influence of local and systemic targeted therapies on the metabolic characteristics of the TME that shape the functional phenotype of the TAMs. Understanding these metabolic changes within the context of the cross-talk between the different components of the TME including the TAMs and the tumor cells is an essential step that can pave the way towards identifications of ways to improve responses to different treatments, to overcome resistance to treatments, tumor progression and reduce treatment-specific toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Crezee
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Rabold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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42
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Kim G, Pastoriza JM, Condeelis JS, Sparano JA, Filippou PS, Karagiannis GS, Oktay MH. The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1022. [PMID: 32714862 PMCID: PMC7344193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in American women following skin cancer. Despite overall decrease in breast cancer mortality due to advances in treatment and earlier screening, black patients continue to have 40% higher risk of breast cancer related death compared to white patients. This disparity in outcome persists even when controlled for access to care and stage at presentation and has been attributed to differences in tumor subtypes or gene expression profiles. There is emerging evidence that the tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to the racial disparities in outcome as well. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of current literature available regarding race-dependent differences in the TME. Notably, black patients tend to have a higher density of pro-tumorigenic immune cells (e.g., M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells) and microvasculature. Although immune cells are classically thought to be anti-tumorigenic, increase in M2 macrophages and angiogenesis may lead to a paradoxical increase in metastasis by forming doorways of tumor cell intravasation called tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM). Furthermore, black patients also have higher serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, which provide a positive feedback loop in creating a pro-metastatic TME. Lastly, we propose that the higher density of immune cells and angiogenesis observed in the TME of black patients may be a result of evolutionary selection for a more robust immune response in patients of African geographic ancestry. Better understanding of race-dependent differences in the TME will aid in overcoming the racial disparity in breast cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jessica M Pastoriza
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Panagiota S Filippou
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.,National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, United Kingdom
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Chen N, Feng Q, Deng J, Xiong Y, Deng YJ, Wang MM, Zhou L, Yu QW, Hu JP, Deng H. Hdc-expressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote basal-like transition and metastasis of breast cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:1431-1443. [PMID: 32661481 PMCID: PMC7344006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metastases are the greatest contributors to death from breast cancer. Here, we identified a distinct subpopulation of luminal breast cancer characterized by cytokeratin 14 (CK14) expression in secondary colonies rather than primary tumors. This entity possessed a poorer prognosis compared to their CK14- counterparts. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were recruited into the tumor microenvironment and exhibited a close spatial relationship with CK14+ cancer cells. We demonstrated that histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) is capable of labeling myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor cell (HSC/HSPC) and immature myeloid cells infiltrating in tumor tissues. FACS data obtained from Hdc-CreERT2; eGFP; MMTV-PyVT female mice revealed an increased percentage of Hdc+ PMN-MDSCs in metastatic masses. Hdc+ PMN-MDSCs expressed high levels of canonical Wnts, including Wnt2, Wnt4, Wnt5a, and Wnt7b, to aberrantly activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CK14+ malignant cells. β-catenin translocated from the membrane into the cytoplasm and nucleus. Targeted ablation of Hdc+ PMN-MDSCs-derived Wnts through porcupineflox/flox and iDTR transgenic models hampered the metastatic cascade, making Hdc+ immature myeloid cells an attractive candidate for tailed immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Qiong Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Yan-Juan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Lv Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Qi-Wen Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Jin-Ping Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
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Yousefi M, Dehghani S, Nosrati R, Ghanei M, Salmaninejad A, Rajaie S, Hasanzadeh M, Pasdar A. Current insights into the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer - hopes and hurdles. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:515-538. [PMID: 32418122 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Despite various attempts to improve the diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer patients, the survival rate for these patients is still dismal, mainly because most of them are diagnosed at a late stage. Up to 90% of ovarian cancers arise from neoplastic transformation of ovarian surface epithelial cells, and are usually referred to as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Unlike most human cancers, which are disseminated through blood-borne metastatic routes, EOC has traditionally been thought to be disseminated through direct migration of ovarian tumor cells to the peritoneal cavity and omentum via peritoneal fluid. It has recently been shown, however, that EOC can also be disseminated through blood-borne metastatic routes, challenging previous thoughts about ovarian cancer metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Here, we review our current understanding of the most updated cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EOC metastasis and discuss in more detail two main metastatic routes of EOC, i.e., transcoelomic metastasis and hematogenous metastasis. The emerging concept of blood-borne EOC metastasis has led to exploration of the significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as novel and non-invasive prognostic markers in this daunting cancer. We also evaluate the role of tumor stroma, including cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), endothelial cells, adipocytes, dendritic cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components in EOC growth and metastasis. Lastly, we discuss therapeutic approaches for targeting EOC. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying EOC metastasis will open up avenues to the design of new therapeutic options. For instance, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the hematogenous metastasis of EOC, the biology of CTCs, and the detailed mechanisms through which EOC cells take advantage of stromal cells may help to find new opportunities for targeting EOC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Dehghani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghanei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rajaie
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Division of Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.
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Brasil da Costa FH, Lewis MS, Truong A, Carson DD, Farach-Carson MC. SULF1 suppresses Wnt3A-driven growth of bone metastatic prostate cancer in perlecan-modified 3D cancer-stroma-macrophage triculture models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230354. [PMID: 32413029 PMCID: PMC7228113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stroma influences metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) progression, latency, and recurrence. At sites of PCa bone metastasis, cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages interact to establish a perlecan-rich desmoplastic stroma. As a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan (HSPG2) stores and stabilizes growth factors, including heparin-binding Wnt3A, a positive regulator of PCa cell growth. Because PCa cells alone do not induce CAF production of perlecan in the desmoplastic stroma, we sought to discover the sources of perlecan and its growth factor-releasing modifiers SULF1, SULF2, and heparanase in PCa cells and xenografts, bone marrow fibroblasts, and macrophages. SULF1, produced primarily by bone marrow fibroblasts, was the main glycosaminoglycanase present, a finding validated with primary tissue specimens of PCa metastases with desmoplastic bone stroma. Expression of both HSPG2 and SULF1 was concentrated in αSMA-rich stroma near PCa tumor nests, where infiltrating pro-tumor TAMs also were present. To decipher SULF1's role in the reactive bone stroma, we created a bone marrow biomimetic hydrogel incorporating perlecan, PCa cells, macrophages, and fibroblastic bone marrow stromal cells. Finding that M2-like macrophages increased levels of SULF1 and HSPG2 produced by fibroblasts, we examined SULF1 function in Wnt3A-mediated PCa tumoroid growth in tricultures. Comparing control or SULF1 knockout fibroblastic cells, we showed that SULF1 reduces Wnt3A-driven growth, cellularity, and cluster number of PCa cells in our 3D model. We conclude that SULF1 can suppress Wnt3A-driven growth signals in the desmoplastic stroma of PCa bone metastases, and SULF1 loss favors PCa progression, even in the presence of pro-tumorigenic TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Henrique Brasil da Costa
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna Truong
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel D. Carson
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Donzelli S, Sacconi A, Turco C, Gallo E, Milano E, Iosue I, Blandino G, Fazi F, Fontemaggi G. Paracrine Signaling from Breast Cancer Cells Causes Activation of ID4 Expression in Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020418. [PMID: 32054109 PMCID: PMC7072237 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a major portion of the leukocyte infiltrate found in breast cancer (BC). BC cells may reprogram TAMs in a pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive sense. We previously showed that high expression of the ID4 protein in triple-negative BC cells leads to the induction of a proangiogenic program in TAMs also through the downregulation of miR-107. Here, we investigated the expression and function of the ID4 protein in TAMs. Methods: Human macrophages obtained from peripheral blood-derived monocytes (PBDM) and mouse RAW264.7 cells were used as macrophage experimental systems. ID4-correlated mRNAs of the TCGA and E-GEOD-18295 datasets were analyzed. Results: We observed that BC cells determine a paracrine induction of ID4 expression and activation of the ID4 promoter in neighboring macrophages. Interestingly, ID4 expression is higher in macrophages associated with invasive tumor cells compared to general TAMs, and ID4-correlated mRNAs are involved in various pathways that were previously reported as relevant for TAM functions. Selective depletion of ID4 expression in macrophages enabled validation of the ability of ID4 to control the expression of YAP1 and of its downstream targets CTGF and CYR61. Conclusion: Collectively, our results show that activation of ID4 expression in TAMs is observed as a consequence of BC cell paracrine activity and could participate in macrophage reprogramming in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Donzelli
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Turco
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Pathology Department, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Milano
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iosue
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (F.F.); (G.F.); Tel.: +390652662911 (G.B.); +390649766575 (F.F.); +390652662878 (G.F.)
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated with Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (F.F.); (G.F.); Tel.: +390652662911 (G.B.); +390649766575 (F.F.); +390652662878 (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Fontemaggi
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (F.F.); (G.F.); Tel.: +390652662911 (G.B.); +390649766575 (F.F.); +390652662878 (G.F.)
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Zins K, Abraham D. Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Gene Silencing. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2115:289-325. [PMID: 32006408 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0290-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are representing a major leukocyte population in solid tumors. Macrophages are very heterogeneous and plastic cells and can acquire distinct functional phenotypes ranging from antitumorigenic to immunosuppressive tumor-promoting M2-like TAMs, depending on the local tissue microenvironment (TME). TAMs express cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) modifying factors, and the cross talk with the TME regulates pathways involved in the recruitment, polarization, and metabolism of TAMs during tumor progression. Due to their crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis, selective targeting of TAM for the treatment of cancer with therapeutic agents that promote phagocytosis or suppress survival, proliferation, trafficking, or polarization of TAMs may prove to be beneficial in cancer therapy. In this chapter, we will discuss TAM biology and current strategies for the targeting of TAMs using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based drugs. In the past few years, advances in the field of nanomedicine pave the way for the development of siRNA-based drugs as an additional class of personalized cancer immuno-nanomedicines. Fundamental challenges associated with this group of therapeutics include the development process, delivery system, and clinical translation for siRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Zins
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Abraham
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Patel S, Alam A, Pant R, Chattopadhyay S. Wnt Signaling and Its Significance Within the Tumor Microenvironment: Novel Therapeutic Insights. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2872. [PMID: 31921137 PMCID: PMC6927425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the central mechanisms regulating tissue morphogenesis during embryogenesis and repair. The pivot of this signaling cascade is the Wnt ligand, which binds to receptors belonging to the Frizzled family or the ROR1/ROR2 and RYK family. This interaction governs the downstream signaling cascade (canonical/non-canonical), ultimately extending its effect on the cellular cytoskeleton, transcriptional control of proliferation and differentiation, and organelle dynamics. Anomalous Wnt signaling has been associated with several cancers, the most prominent ones being colorectal, breast, lung, oral, cervical, and hematopoietic malignancies. It extends its effect on tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor microenvironment via fine crosstalk between transformed cells and infiltrating immune cells, such as leukocytes. This review is an attempt to highlight the latest developments in the understanding of Wnt signaling in the context of tumors and their microenvironment. A dynamic process known as immunoediting governs the fate of tumor progression based on the correlation of various signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment and immune cells. Cancer cells also undergo a series of mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, which favors tumorigenesis. Wnt signaling, and its crosstalk with various immune cells, has both negative as well as positive effects on tumor progression. On one hand, it helps in the maintenance and renewal of the leucocytes. On the other hand, it promotes immune tolerance, limiting the antitumor response. Wnt signaling also plays a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby promoting the maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Furthermore, we have summarized the ongoing strategies used to target aberrant Wnt signaling as a novel therapeutic intervention to combat various cancers and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Patel
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Richa Pant
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.,Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Cosin-Roger J, Ortiz-Masià MD, Barrachina MD. Macrophages as an Emerging Source of Wnt Ligands: Relevance in Mucosal Integrity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2297. [PMID: 31608072 PMCID: PMC6769121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a conserved pathway involved in important cellular processes such as the control of embryonic development, cellular polarity, cellular migration, and cell proliferation. In addition to playing a central role during embryogenesis, this pathway is also an essential part of adult homeostasis. Indeed, it controls the proliferation of epithelial cells in different organs such as intestine, lung, and kidney, and guarantees the maintenance of the mucosa in physiological conditions. The origin of this molecular pathway is the binding between Wnt ligands (belonging to a family of 19 different homologous secreted glycoproteins) and their specific membrane receptors, from the Frizzled receptor family. This specific interaction triggers the activation of the signaling cascade, which in turn activates or suppresses the expression of different genes in order to change the behavior of the cell. On the other hand, alterations of this pathway have been described in pathological conditions such as inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. In recent years, macrophages-among other cell types-have emerged as a potential source of Wnt ligands. Due to their high plasticity, macrophages, which are central to the innate immune response, are capable of adopting different phenotypes depending on their microenvironment. In the past, two different phenotypes were described: a proinflammatory phenotype-M1 macrophages-and an anti-inflammatory phenotype-M2 macrophages-and a selective expression of Wnt ligands has been associated with said phenotypes. However, nowadays it is assumed that macrophages in vivo move through a continual spectrum of functional phenotypes. In both physiological and pathological (inflammation, fibrosis and cancer) conditions, the accumulation and polarization of macrophages conditions the future of the tissue, facilitating various scenarios, such as resolution of inflammation, activation of fibrosis, and cancer development due to the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, in autocrine and paracrine manner. In this work, we provide an overview of studies that have explored the role of macrophages and how they act as a source of Wnt ligands and as mediators of mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mª Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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