1
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Huang M, Dong J, Tan X, Yang S, Xiao M, Wang D. Integration of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Provides Insights into Anti-Inflammatory Response to trans-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12666. [PMID: 37628846 PMCID: PMC10454193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is a unique fatty acid found in royal jelly that possesses potential health benefits such as anti-inflammatory. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential for inflammation-associated diseases. In this present study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and RNA-seq analyses were conducted to comprehensively analyze the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of 10-HDA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our results demonstrated that 128 differentially expressed metabolites and 1721 differentially expressed genes were identified in the 10-HDA-treated groups compared to the LPS groups. Metabolites were significantly enriched in amino acid metabolism pathways, including methionine metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. The differentially expressed genes enrichment analysis indicated that antigen processing and presentation, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and arginine biosynthesis were enriched with the administration of 10-had. The correlation analysis revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism and s-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation processes might be involved in the response to the 10-HDA treatment. Overall, the findings from this study showed that 10-HDA might involve the modulation of certain signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response, but further research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Deqian Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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2
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Kallingal A, Olszewski M, Maciejewska N, Brankiewicz W, Baginski M. Cancer immune escape: the role of antigen presentation machinery. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8131-8141. [PMID: 37031434 PMCID: PMC10374767 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation play a crucial role in the recognition and targeting of cancer cells by the immune system. Cancer cells can evade the immune system by downregulating or losing the expression of the proteins recognized by the immune cells as antigens, creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and altering their ability to process and present antigens. This review focuses on the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion with a specific emphasis on the role of antigen presentation machinery. The study of the immunopeptidome, or peptidomics, has provided insights into the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion and has potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, manipulating the epigenetic landscape of cancer cells plays a critical role in suppressing the immune response against cancer. Targeting these mechanisms through the use of HDACis, DNMTis, and combination therapies has the potential to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and optimal use of these therapies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kallingal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Maciejewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wioletta Brankiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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3
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Admon A. The biogenesis of the immunopeptidome. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101766. [PMID: 37141766 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The immunopeptidome is the repertoire of peptides bound and presented by the MHC class I, class II, and non-classical molecules. The peptides are produced by the degradation of most cellular proteins, and in some cases, peptides are produced from extracellular proteins taken up by the cells. This review attempts to first describe some of its known and well-accepted concepts, and next, raise some questions about a few of the established dogmas in this field: The production of novel peptides by splicing is questioned, suggesting here that spliced peptides are extremely rare, if existent at all. The degree of the contribution to the immunopeptidome by degradation of cellular protein by the proteasome is doubted, therefore this review attempts to explain why it is likely that this contribution to the immunopeptidome is possibly overstated. The contribution of defective ribosome products (DRiPs) and non-canonical peptides to the immunopeptidome is noted and methods are suggested to quantify them. In addition, the common misconception that the MHC class II peptidome is mostly derived from extracellular proteins is noted, and corrected. It is stressed that the confirmation of sequence assignments of non-canonical and spliced peptides should rely on targeted mass spectrometry using spiking-in of heavy isotope-labeled peptides. Finally, the new methodologies and modern instrumentation currently available for high throughput kinetics and quantitative immunopeptidomics are described. These advanced methods open up new possibilities for utilizing the big data generated and taking a fresh look at the established dogmas and reevaluating them critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Admon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel.
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4
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Geiger KM, Manoharan M, Coombs R, Arana K, Park CS, Lee AY, Shastri N, Robey EA, Coscoy L. Murine cytomegalovirus downregulates ERAAP and induces an unconventional T cell response to self. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112317. [PMID: 36995940 PMCID: PMC10539480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing (ERAAP) plays a crucial role in shaping the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I repertoire and maintaining immune surveillance. While murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) has multiple strategies for manipulating the antigen processing pathway to evade immune responses, the host has also developed ways to counter viral immune evasion. In this study, we find that MCMV modulates ERAAP and induces an interferon γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD8+ T cell effector response that targets uninfected ERAAP-deficient cells. We observe that ERAAP downregulation during infection leads to the presentation of the self-peptide FL9 on non-classical Qa-1b, thereby eliciting Qa-1b-restricted QFL T cells to proliferate in the liver and spleen of infected mice. QFL T cells upregulate effector markers upon MCMV infection and are sufficient to reduce viral load after transfer to immunodeficient mice. Our study highlights the consequences of ERAAP dysfunction during viral infection and provides potential targets for anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Geiger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Manoharan
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rachel Coombs
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kathya Arana
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angus Y Lee
- Cancer Research Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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5
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Rohweder PJ, Jiang Z, Hurysz BM, O'Donoghue AJ, Craik CS. Multiplex substrate profiling by mass spectrometry for proteases. Methods Enzymol 2022; 682:375-411. [PMID: 36948708 PMCID: PMC10201391 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis is a central regulator of many biological pathways and the study of proteases has had a significant impact on our understanding of both native biology and disease. Proteases are key regulators of infectious disease and misregulated proteolysis in humans contributes to a variety of maladies, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Central to understanding a protease's biological role, is characterizing its substrate specificity. This chapter will facilitate the characterization of individual proteases and complex, heterogeneous proteolytic mixtures and provide examples of the breadth of applications that leverage the characterization of misregulated proteolysis. Here we present the protocol of Multiplex Substrate Profiling by Mass Spectrometry (MSP-MS), a functional assay that quantitatively characterizes proteolysis using a synthetic library of physiochemically diverse, model peptide substrates, and mass spectrometry. We present a detailed protocol as well as examples of the use of MSP-MS for the study of disease states, for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests, for the generation of tool compounds, and for the development of protease-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rohweder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Brianna M Hurysz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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6
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Matsuda-Lennikov M, Ohigashi I, Takahama Y. Tissue-specific proteasomes in generation of MHC class I peptides and CD8 + T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102217. [PMID: 35689940 PMCID: PMC9339533 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thymoproteasomes and immunoproteasomes are two types of tissue-specific proteasomes, which contribute to the production of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I)-associated peptides that are important for the development and function of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Thymoproteasomes are specifically expressed by cortical thymic epithelial cells and are important for MHC-I-dependent positive selection of developing thymocytes, whereas immunoproteasomes are abundant in many other cells, including hematopoietic cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells. Here we summarize the role of these two tissue-specific proteasomes, focusing on their functions in the development of CD8+ T cells in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Matsuda-Lennikov
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, USA
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, USA.
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7
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Possamaï D, Hanafi LA, Bellemare-Pelletier A, Hamelin K, Thébault P, Hébert MJ, Gagnon É, Leclerc D, Lapointe R. MHC class I antigen cross-presentation mediated by PapMV nanoparticles in human antigen-presenting cells is dependent on autophagy. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0261987. [PMID: 34972158 PMCID: PMC8719699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles made of the coat protein of papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) and a single-strand RNA were previously shown to be an efficient antigen presentation system for the trigger of cellular immunity. Engineering of PapMV nano with a cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope was previously shown activating specific T lymphocytes through a proteasome-independent major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) cross-presentation. In this study, we provide new insights into the mechanism of the MHC-I cross-presentation mediated by PapMV nanoparticles. We demonstrate that PapMV nanoparticles do not require the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), but rather depend on lysosome acidification and cathepsin S protease activity for presentation of the T cell epitope. We have also linked the induction of autophagy with this vacuolar MHC-I cross-presentation process. Interestingly, autophagy is induced in antigen-presenting cells after PapMV nanoparticles exposure and inhibition of autophagy reduce MHC-I cross-presentation. This study demonstrates that autophagy is associated with TAP- and proteasome-independent MHC-I cross-presentation. A deeper understanding of the autophagy-dependent MHC-I cross-presentation will be useful in designing vaccination platforms that aim to trigger an efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Possamaï
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laïla-Aïcha Hanafi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Angélique Bellemare-Pelletier
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Katia Hamelin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paméla Thébault
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Hébert
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Gagnon
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Leclerc
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Réjean Lapointe
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Skakuj K, Teplensky MH, Wang S, Dittmar JW, Mirkin CA. Chemically Tuning the Antigen Release Kinetics from Spherical Nucleic Acids Maximizes Immune Stimulation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1838-1846. [PMID: 34841057 PMCID: PMC8614098 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine structure is emerging as an important design factor that offers tunable parameters to enhance the targeted immune response. We report the impact of altering the antigen release rate from spherical nucleic acid (SNA) vaccines-nanoparticles with a liposomal core and surface-anchored adjuvant DNA-on immune stimulation. Peptide antigens were incorporated into SNAs using either a nonreducible linker or one of a series of reduction-triggered traceless linkers that release the native peptide at rates controlled by their substitution pattern. Compared with a nonreducible linkage, the traceless attachment of antigens resulted in lower EC50 of T cell proliferation in vitro and greater dendritic cell (DC) activation and higher T cell killing ability in vivo. Traceless linker fragmentation rates affected the rates of antigen presentation by DCs and were correlated with the in vitro potencies of SNAs. Antigen release was correlated with the ex vivo -log(EC50), and more rapid antigen release resulted in an order of magnitude improvement in the EC50 and earlier and greater antigen presentation over the same time-period. In vivo, increasing the rate of antigen release resulted in higher T cell activation and target killing. These findings provide fundamental insights into and underscore the importance of vaccine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Skakuj
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michelle H. Teplensky
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shuya Wang
- Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jasper W. Dittmar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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9
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Srivastava RM, Purohit TA, Chan TA. Diverse Neoantigens and the Development of Cancer Therapies. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021; 30:113-128. [PMID: 32381291 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the manifestation of uncontrolled cellular growth and immune escape mechanisms. Unrestrained tumor growth can be associated with incidental errors in the genome during replication and genotoxic agents can alter the structure and sequence of our DNA. Among all genetic aberrations in cancer, only limited number of mutations can produce immunogenic antigens which have the potential to bind human leukocyte antigen class I or human leukocyte antigen class II, and help activate the adaptive immune system. These neoantigens can be recognized by CD8+ and CD4+ neoantigen-specific T lymphocytes. Recently, several immune checkpoint targeting drugs have been approved for clinical use. Primarily, these drugs expand and facilitate the cytotoxic activity of neoantigen-specific T cells to eradicate tumors. Differential drug response across cancers could be attributed, at least in part, to differences in the 'tumor antigen landscape' and 'antigen presentation pathway' in patients. Although tumor mutational burden correlates with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in many cancer types and has evolved as a broad biomarker, a comprehensive understanding of the neoantigen landscape and the function of cognate T cell responses is lacking and is needed for improved patient selection criteria and neoantigen vaccine design. Here, we review cancer neoantigens, their implications for antitumor responses, the dynamics of neoantigen-specific T cells, and the advancement of neoantigen-based therapy in proposed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra M Srivastava
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tanaya A Purohit
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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10
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Komov L, Melamed Kadosh D, Barnea E, Admon A. The Effect of Interferons on Presentation of Defective Ribosomal Products as HLA Peptides. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100105. [PMID: 34087483 PMCID: PMC8724922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-bound peptides is produced from immature proteins that are rapidly degraded after synthesis. These defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) have been implicated in early alert of the immune system about impending infections. Interferons are important cytokines, produced in response to viral infection, that modulate cellular metabolism and gene expression patterns, increase the presentation of MHC molecules, and induce rapid degradation of proteins and cell-surface presentation of their derived MHC peptides, thereby contributing to the battle against pathogen infections. This study evaluated the role of interferons in the induction of rapid degradation of DRiPs to modulate the repertoire of DRiP-derived MHC peptides. Cultured human breast cancer cells were treated with interferons, and the rates of synthesis and degradation of cellular protein and their degradation products were determined by LC-MS/MS analysis, following the rates of incorporation of heavy stable isotope–labeled amino acids (dynamic stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, dynamic SILAC) at several time points after the interferon application. Large numbers of MHC peptides that incorporated the heavy amino acids faster than their source proteins indicated that DRiP peptides were abundant in the MHC peptidome; interferon treatment increased by about twofold their relative proportions in the peptidome. Such typical DRiP-derived MHC peptides were from the surplus subunits of the proteasome and ribosome, which are degraded because of the transition to immunoproteasomes and a new composition of ribosomes incorporating protein subunits that are induced by the interferon. We conclude that degradation of surplus subunits induced by the interferon is a major source for DRiP–MHC peptides, a phenomenon relevant to coping with viral infections, where a rapid presentation of MHC peptides derived from excess viral proteins may help alert the immune system about the impending infection. Degradation products of surplus subunits are often presented as HLA peptides. Interferons increase degradation and presentation of such defective products. Dynamic SILAC facilitates identification of such HLA peptides. This cellular pathway provides alert to the immune system about viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Komov
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Eilon Barnea
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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11
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van Endert P. Beware the algorithm. eLife 2021; 10:69657. [PMID: 34037522 PMCID: PMC8154017 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spliced peptides present on tumor cells can help to mount an immune response, but algorithms offer limited help in predicting which ones actually exist and perform this role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France
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12
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van Leeuwen T, Araman C, Pieper Pournara L, Kampstra ASB, Bakkum T, Marqvorsen MHS, Nascimento CR, Groenewold GJM, van der Wulp W, Camps MGM, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, van Westen GJP, Janssen APA, Florea BI, Overkleeft HS, Ossendorp FA, Toes REM, van Kasteren SI. Bioorthogonal protein labelling enables the study of antigen processing of citrullinated and carbamylated auto-antigens. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:855-862. [PMID: 34212151 PMCID: PMC8190914 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis is fundamental to many biological processes. In the immune system, it underpins the activation of the adaptive immune response: degradation of antigenic material into short peptides and presentation thereof on major histocompatibility complexes, leads to activation of T-cells. This initiates the adaptive immune response against many pathogens. Studying proteolysis is difficult, as the oft-used polypeptide reporters are susceptible to proteolytic sequestration themselves. Here we present a new approach that allows the imaging of antigen proteolysis throughout the processing pathway in an unbiased manner. By incorporating bioorthogonal functionalities into the protein in place of methionines, antigens can be followed during degradation, whilst leaving reactive sidechains open to templated and non-templated post-translational modifications, such as citrullination and carbamylation. Using this approach, we followed and imaged the post-uptake fate of the commonly used antigen ovalbumin, as well as the post-translationally citrullinated and/or carbamylated auto-antigen vinculin in rheumatoid arthritis, revealing differences in antigen processing and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrza van Leeuwen
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Can Araman
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Linda Pieper Pournara
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Arieke S B Kampstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Bakkum
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Mikkel H S Marqvorsen
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Clarissa R Nascimento
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - G J Mirjam Groenewold
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn van der Wulp
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G M Camps
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - George M C Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- Computational Drug Discovery, Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Antonius P A Janssen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Oncode Institute, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Bogdan I Florea
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ferry A Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Division of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
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13
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Weimershaus M, Mauvais FX, Evnouchidou I, Lawand M, Saveanu L, van Endert P. IRAP Endosomes Control Phagosomal Maturation in Dendritic Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:585713. [PMID: 33425891 PMCID: PMC7793786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.585713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to the immune surveillance by sampling their environment through phagocytosis and endocytosis. We have previously reported that, rapidly following uptake of extracellular antigen into phagosomes or endosomes in DCs, a specialized population of storage endosomes marked by Rab14 and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is recruited to the nascent antigen-containing compartment, thereby regulating its maturation and ultimately antigen cross-presentation to CD8+ T lymphocytes. Here, using IRAP–/– DCs, we explored how IRAP modulates phagosome maturation dynamics and cross-presentation. We find that in the absence of IRAP, phagosomes acquire more rapidly late endosomal markers, are more degradative, and show increased microbicidal activity. We also report evidence for a role of vesicle trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi intermediate compartment to endosomes for the formation or stability of the IRAP compartment. Moreover, we dissect the dual role of IRAP as a trimming peptidase and a critical constituent of endosome stability. Experiments using a protease-dead IRAP mutant and pharmacological IRAP inhibition suggest that IRAP expression but not proteolytic activity is required for the formation of storage endosomes and for DC-typical phagosome maturation, whereas proteolysis is required for fully efficient cross-presentation. These findings identify IRAP as a key factor in cross-presentation, trimming peptides to fit the major histocompatibility complex class-I binding site while preventing their destruction through premature phagosome maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Weimershaus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Mauvais
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Irini Evnouchidou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Lawand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Loredana Saveanu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France
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14
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Monteuuis G, Schmitz U, Petrova V, Kearney PS, Rasko JEJ. Holding on to Junk Bonds: Intron Retention in Cancer and Therapy. Cancer Res 2020; 81:779-789. [PMID: 33046441 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intron retention (IR) in cancer was for a long time overlooked by the scientific community, as it was previously considered to be an artifact of a dysfunctional spliceosome. Technological advancements made in the last decade offer unique opportunities to explore the role of IR as a widespread phenomenon that contributes to the transcriptional diversity of many cancers. Numerous studies in cancer have shed light on dysregulation of cellular mechanisms that lead to aberrant and pathologic IR. IR is not merely a mechanism of gene regulation, but rather it can mediate cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance in various human diseases. The burden of IR in cancer is governed by perturbations to mechanisms known to regulate this phenomenon and include epigenetic variation, mutations within the gene body, and splicing factor dysregulation. This review summarizes possible causes for aberrant IR and discusses the role of IR in therapy or as a consequence of disease treatment. As neoepitopes originating from retained introns can be presented on the cancer cell surface, the development of personalized cancer vaccines based on IR-derived neoepitopes should be considered. Ultimately, a deeper comprehension about the origins and consequences of aberrant IR may aid in the development of such personalized cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffray Monteuuis
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ulf Schmitz
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Computational BioMedicine Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Veronika Petrova
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Computational BioMedicine Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Padraic S Kearney
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
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15
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Han XJ, Ma XL, Yang L, Wei YQ, Peng Y, Wei XW. Progress in Neoantigen Targeted Cancer Immunotherapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:728. [PMID: 32850843 PMCID: PMC7406675 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies that harness the immune system to kill cancer cells have showed significant therapeutic efficacy in many human malignancies. A growing number of studies have highlighted the relevance of neoantigens in recognizing cancer cells by intrinsic T cells. Cancer neoantigens are a direct consequence of somatic mutations presenting on the surface of individual cancer cells. Neoantigens are fully cancer-specific and exempt from central tolerance. In addition, neoantigens are important targets for checkpoint blockade therapy. Recently, technological innovations have made neoantigen discovery possible in a variety of malignancies, thus providing an impetus to develop novel immunotherapies that selectively enhance T cell reactivity for the destruction of cancer cells while leaving normal tissues unharmed. In this review, we aim to introduce the methods of the identification of neoantigens, the mutational patterns of human cancers, related clinical trials, neoantigen burden and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade. Moreover, we focus on relevant challenges of targeting neoantigens for cancer treatment.
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16
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Solanki KS, Gandham RK, Thomas P, Chaudhuri P. Transcriptome analysis of Brucella abortus S19∆ per immunized mouse spleen revealed activation of MHC-I and MHC-II pathways. Access Microbiol 2019; 2:acmi000082. [PMID: 33062939 PMCID: PMC7525051 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse (Mus musculus) has been extensively used for studying brucellosis, regarding pathogenesis, immunity and the evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics. In this work, RNA-seq was applied to explore the immunological potential of a live Brucella abortus S19∆per, a perosamine synthetase gene mutant of B. abortus S19. Comparison of transcriptome data was carried out for identifying differentially expressed genes among PBS (control) and B. abortus S19∆per immunized mice at 15 days post-immunization. Functional analysis revealed 545 significant differentially expressed genes related to mouse immunity. Specific activation of MHC-I and MHC-II antigen-processing pathways were identified as the highly enriched pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation. Other major immune response pathways regulated within the host were NF-kappa B signalling, chemokine signalling, T-cell receptor pathway, apoptosis, TNF signalling and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signalling. These data provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of B. abortus S19∆per-induced immune response in mice spleen that might facilitate the development of a highly immunogenic vaccine against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushal Singh Solanki
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.,National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Opp. Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddy Extended, Q City Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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17
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Abstract
Given the many cell types and molecular components of the human immune system, along with vast variations across individuals, how should we go about developing causal and predictive explanations of immunity? A central strategy in human studies is to leverage natural variation to find relationships among variables, including DNA variants, epigenetic states, immune phenotypes, clinical descriptors, and others. Here, we focus on how natural variation is used to find patterns, infer principles, and develop predictive models for two areas: (a) immune cell activation-how single-cell profiling boosts our ability to discover immune cell types and states-and (b) antigen presentation and recognition-how models can be generated to predict presentation of antigens on MHC molecules and their detection by T cell receptors. These are two examples of a shift in how we find the drivers and targets of immunity, especially in the human system in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Siranush Sarkizova
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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18
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Riley TP, Baker BM. The intersection of affinity and specificity in the development and optimization of T cell receptor based therapeutics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 84:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Smart AC, Margolis CA, Pimentel H, He MX, Miao D, Adeegbe D, Fugmann T, Wong KK, Van Allen EM. Intron retention is a source of neoepitopes in cancer. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:1056-1058. [PMID: 30114007 PMCID: PMC6226333 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present an in silico approach to identifying neoepitopes derived from intron retention events in tumor transcriptomes. Using mass spectrometry immunopeptidome analysis, we show that retained intron neoepitopes are processed and presented on MHC I on the surface of cancer cell lines. RNA-derived neoepitopes should be considered for prospective personalized cancer vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C. Smart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02179, USA
| | - Claire A. Margolis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02179, USA
| | - Harold Pimentel
- Department of Genetics and Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Meng Xiao He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02179, USA
| | - Diana Miao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02179, USA
| | - Dennis Adeegbe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02179, USA
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20
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Mitophagy in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Triggers Adaptive Immunity during Tumorigenesis. Cell 2018; 174:88-101.e16. [PMID: 29909986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In colorectal cancer patients, a high density of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in tumors is associated with better prognosis. Using a Stat3 loss-of-function approach in two wnt/β-catenin-dependent autochthonous models of sporadic intestinal tumorigenesis, we unravel a complex intracellular process in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that controls the induction of a CD8+ T cell based adaptive immune response. Elevated mitophagy in IECs causes iron(II)-accumulation in epithelial lysosomes, in turn, triggering lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Subsequent release of proteases into the cytoplasm augments MHC class I presentation and activation of CD8+ T cells via cross-dressing of dendritic cells. Thus, our findings highlight a so-far-unrecognized link between mitochondrial function, lysosomal integrity, and MHC class I presentation in IECs and suggest that therapies triggering mitophagy or inducing LMP in IECs may prove successful in shifting the balance toward anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer.
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21
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Komov L, Kadosh DM, Barnea E, Milner E, Hendler A, Admon A. Cell Surface MHC Class I Expression Is Limited by the Availability of Peptide-Receptive "Empty" Molecules Rather than by the Supply of Peptide Ligands. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700248. [PMID: 29707912 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While antigen processing and presentation (APP) by the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules have been extensively studied, a question arises as to whether the level of MHC-I expression is limited by the supply of peptide-receptive (empty) MHC molecules, or by the availability of peptide ligands for loading. To this end, the effect of interferons (IFNs) on the MHC peptidomes of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were evaluated. Although all four HLA allotypes of the MCF-7 cells (HLA-A*02:01, B*18, B*44, and C*5) present peptides of similar lengths and C-termini, which should be processed similarly by the proteasome and by the APP chaperones, the IFNs induced differential modulation of the HLA-A, B, and C peptidomes. In addition, overexpression of recombinant soluble HLA-A*02:01, introduced to compete with the identical endogenous membrane-bound HLA-A*02:01 for peptides of the MCF-7 cells, did not alter the expression level or the presented peptidome of the membrane-bound HLA-A*02:01. Taken together, these results indicate that a surplus supply of peptides is available inside the ER for loading onto the MHC-I peptide-receptive molecules, and that cell surface MHC-I expression is likely limited by the availability of empty MHC molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Komov
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Dganit Melamed Kadosh
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Elena Milner
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ayellet Hendler
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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22
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Spel L, Luteijn RD, Drijfhout JW, Nierkens S, Boes M, Wiertz EJH. Endocytosed soluble cowpox virus protein CPXV012 inhibits antigen cross-presentation in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:137-148. [PMID: 29363167 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viruses may interfere with the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway in order to avoid CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity. A key target within this pathway is the peptide transporter TAP. This transporter plays a central role in MHC class I-mediated peptide presentation of endogenous antigens. In addition, TAP plays a role in antigen cross-presentation of exogenously derived antigens by dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, a soluble form of the cowpox virus TAP inhibitor CPXV012 is synthesized for exogenous delivery into the antigen cross-presentation route of human monocyte-derived (mo)DCs. We show that soluble CPXV012 localizes to TAP+ compartments that carry internalized antigen and is a potent inhibitor of antigen cross-presentation. CPXV012 stimulates the prolonged deposition of antigen fragments in storage compartments of moDCs, as a result of reduced endosomal acidification and reduced antigen proteolysis when soluble CPXV012 is present. Thus, a dual function can be proposed for CPXV012: inhibition of TAP-mediated peptide transport and inhibition of endosomal antigen degradation. We propose this second function for soluble CPXV012 can serve to interfere with antigen cross-presentation in a peptide transport-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Spel
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger D Luteijn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Drijfhout
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel J H Wiertz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 EA, The Netherlands
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23
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Wang P, Zhao P, Dong S, Xu T, He X, Chen M. An Albumin-binding Polypeptide Both Targets Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Vaccines to Lymph Nodes and Boosts Vaccine Presentation by Dendritic Cells. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:223-236. [PMID: 29290804 PMCID: PMC5743471 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Albumin-binding carriers have been shown to target cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) vaccines to lymph nodes (LNs) and improve the efficacy of the vaccines. However, it was not clear whether the improved efficacy is solely due to the LN targeting, which prompted this study. Methods: First, we generated a fusion protein consisting of an albumin-binding domain (ABD) and an immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide (iTEP). Then, we examined the binding between this fusion protein, termed ABD-iTEP, and mouse serum albumin (MSA). Next, we evaluated the accumulation of ABD-iTEP in LNs and dendritic cells (DCs) in the LNs. We also analyzed antigen presentation and in vitro T cell activation of vaccines that were delivered by ABD-iTEP and investigated possible underlying mechanisms of the presentation and activation results. Last, we measured CTL responses induced by ABD-iTEP-delivered vaccines in vivo. Results: ABD-iTEP bound with MSA strongly with an affinity of 1.41 nM. This albumin-binding carrier, ABD-iTEP, accumulated in LNs 3-fold more than iTEP, a control carrier that did not bind with albumin. ABD-iTEP also resulted in 4-fold more accumulation in DCs in the LNs than iTEP. Most importantly, ABD-iTEP drastically enhanced the antigen presentation of its vaccine payloads and the T cell activation induced by its payloads. The enhancement was dependent on the formation of the complex between MSA and ABD-iTEP. Meanwhile, the MSA/ABD-iTEP complex was found to have increased stability in acidic subcellular compartments and increased cytosolic accumulation in DCs, which might explain the enhanced vaccine presentation resulting from the complex. Finally, when ABD-iTEP was used to deliver CTL vaccines derived from both self- and non-self-antigens, it boosted the vaccine-induced responses by 2-fold in either case. Conclusion: ABD-iTEP not only targets vaccines to LNs but also promotes the presentation of the vaccines by DCs. Albumin-binding carriers have more than one mechanism to boost the efficacy of CTL vaccines.
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24
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Singh NK, Riley TP, Baker SCB, Borrman T, Weng Z, Baker BM. Emerging Concepts in TCR Specificity: Rationalizing and (Maybe) Predicting Outcomes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2203-2213. [PMID: 28923982 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cell specificity emerges from a myriad of processes, ranging from the biological pathways that control T cell signaling to the structural and physical mechanisms that influence how TCRs bind peptides and MHC proteins. Of these processes, the binding specificity of the TCR is a key component. However, TCR specificity is enigmatic: TCRs are at once specific but also cross-reactive. Although long appreciated, this duality continues to puzzle immunologists and has implications for the development of TCR-based therapeutics. In this review, we discuss TCR specificity, emphasizing results that have emerged from structural and physical studies of TCR binding. We show how the TCR specificity/cross-reactivity duality can be rationalized from structural and biophysical principles. There is excellent agreement between predictions from these principles and classic predictions about the scope of TCR cross-reactivity. We demonstrate how these same principles can also explain amino acid preferences in immunogenic epitopes and highlight opportunities for structural considerations in predictive immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant K Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; and
| | - Timothy P Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; and
| | - Sarah Catherine B Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; and
| | - Tyler Borrman
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; and
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25
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Increases in Visceral Lipogenesis and Storage and Activation of the Antigen Processing and Presentation Pathway during the Mouth-Opening Stage in Zebrafish Larvae. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081634. [PMID: 28758957 PMCID: PMC5578024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval phase of the fish life cycle has the highest mortality, particularly during the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding. However, the transcriptional events underlying these processes have not been fully characterized. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying mouth-opening acclimation, RNA-seq was used to investigate the transcriptional profiles of the endogenous feeding, mixed feeding and exogenous feeding stages of zebrafish larvae. Differential expression analysis showed 2172 up-regulated and 2313 down-regulated genes during this stage. Genes associated with the assimilation of exogenous nutrients such as the arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, fat digestion and absorption, and lipogenesis were activated significantly, whereas dissimilation including the cell cycle, homologous recombination, and fatty acid metabolism were inhibited, indicating a physiological switch for energy storage occurred during the mouth-opening stage. Moreover, the immune recognition involved in the antigen processing and presentation pathway was activated and nutritional supply seemed to be required in this event confirmed by qPCR. These results suggested the energy utilization during the mouth-opening stage is more tended to be reserved or used for some important demands, such as activity regulation, immune defense, and lipid deposition, instead of rapid growth. The findings of this study are important for understanding the physiological switches during the mouth-opening stage.
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26
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Capietto AH, Jhunjhunwala S, Delamarre L. Characterizing neoantigens for personalized cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 46:58-65. [PMID: 28478383 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations can generate neoantigens that are presented on MHC molecules and drive effective T cells responses against cancer. Mutation load in cancer patients predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Additionally, vaccination targeting neoantigens controls established tumor growth in preclinical models. These recent findings led to a renewed interest in the field of cancer vaccines and the development of antigen-targeted cancer immunotherapies. However, targeting neoantigens is challenging, as most mutations are unique to each cancer patient. In addition, only a small fraction of the mutations are immunogenic and therefore their accurate prediction is critical. In this review, we discuss the properties of neoantigens that influence their immunogenicity, along with questions that remain to be addressed in order to improve prediction algorithms.
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27
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Cruz FM, Colbert JD, Merino E, Kriegsman BA, Rock KL. The Biology and Underlying Mechanisms of Cross-Presentation of Exogenous Antigens on MHC-I Molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:149-176. [PMID: 28125356 PMCID: PMC5508990 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To monitor the health of cells, the immune system tasks antigen-presenting cells with gathering antigens from other cells and bringing them to CD8 T cells in the form of peptides bound to MHC-I molecules. Most cells would be unable to perform this function because they use their MHC-I molecules to exclusively present peptides derived from the cell's own proteins. However, the immune system evolved mechanisms for dendritic cells and some other phagocytes to sample and present antigens from the extracellular milieu on MHC-I through a process called cross-presentation. How this important task is accomplished, its role in health and disease, and its potential for exploitation are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freidrich M Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Jeff D Colbert
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Elena Merino
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Barry A Kriegsman
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Kenneth L Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
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Popovic ZV, Embgenbroich M, Chessa F, Nordström V, Bonrouhi M, Hielscher T, Gretz N, Wang S, Mathow D, Quast T, Schloetel JG, Kolanus W, Burgdorf S, Gröne HJ. Hyperosmolarity impedes the cross-priming competence of dendritic cells in a TRIF-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2017; 7:311. [PMID: 28331179 PMCID: PMC5428499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue osmolarity varies among different organs and can be considerably increased under pathologic conditions. Hyperosmolarity has been associated with altered stimulatory properties of immune cells, especially macrophages and dendritic cells. We have recently reported that dendritic cells upon exposure to hypertonic stimuli shift their profile towards a macrophage-M2-like phenotype, resulting in attenuated local alloreactivity during acute kidney graft rejection. Here, we examined how hyperosmotic microenvironment affects the cross-priming capacity of dendritic cells. Using ovalbumin as model antigen, we showed that exposure of dendritic cells to hyperosmolarity strongly inhibits activation of antigen-specific T cells despite enhancement of antigen uptake, processing and presentation. We identified TRIF as key mediator of this phenomenon. Moreover, we detected a hyperosmolarity-triggered, TRIF-dependent clustering of MHCI loaded with the ovalbumin-derived epitope, but not of overall MHCI molecules, providing a possible explanation for a reduced T cell activation. Our findings identify dendritic cells as important players in hyperosmolarity-mediated immune imbalance and provide evidence for a novel pathway of inhibition of antigen specific CD8+ T cell response in a hypertonic micromilieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran V Popovic
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Maria Embgenbroich
- Department of Cellular Immunology, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Federica Chessa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viola Nordström
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahnaz Bonrouhi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Mathow
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Gero Schloetel
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Department of Cellular Immunology, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. h.-
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Shionoya Y, Kanaseki T, Miyamoto S, Tokita S, Hongo A, Kikuchi Y, Kochin V, Watanabe K, Horibe R, Saijo H, Tsukahara T, Hirohashi Y, Takahashi H, Sato N, Torigoe T. Loss of tapasin in human lung and colon cancer cells and escape from tumor-associated antigen-specific CTL recognition. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1274476. [PMID: 28344889 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1274476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) lyse target cells after recognizing the complexes of peptides and MHC class I molecules (pMHC I) on cell surfaces. Tapasin is an essential component of the peptide-loading complex (PLC) and its absence influences the surface repertoire of MHC class I peptides. In the present study, we assessed tapasin expression in 85 primary tumor lesions of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, demonstrating that tapasin expression positively correlated with patient survival. CD8+ T-cell infiltration of tumor lesions was synergistically observed with tapasin expression and correlated positively with survival. To establish a direct link between loss of tapasin and CTL recognition in human cancer models, we targeted the tapasin gene by CRISPR/Cas9 system and generated tapasin-deficient variants of human lung as well as colon cancer cells. We induced the CTLs recognizing endogenous tumor-associated antigens (TAA), survivin or cep55, and they responded to each tapasin-proficient wild type. In contrast, both CTL lines ignored the tapasin-deficient variants despite their antigen expression. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of the cep55-specific CTL line failed to prevent tumor growth in mice bearing the tapasin-deficient variant. Loss of tapasin most likely limited antigen processing of TAAs and led to escape from TAA-specific CTL recognition. Tapasin expression is thus a key for CTL surveillance against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Shionoya
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sho Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Serina Tokita
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hongo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Vitaly Kochin
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazue Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan; Research and Development Division, Medical and Biological Laboratories Company, Limited, Ina, Japan
| | - Ryota Horibe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saijo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Japan
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Pedersen LE, Patch JR, Kenney M, Glabman RA, Nielsen M, Jungersen G, Buus S, Golde WT. Expanding specificity of class I restricted CD8 + T cells for viral epitopes following multiple inoculations of swine with a human adenovirus vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 181:59-67. [PMID: 27498407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune response to the highly acute foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is routinely reported as a measure of serum antibody. However, a critical effector function of immune responses combating viral infection of mammals is the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response mediated by virus specific CD8 expressing T cells. This immune mechanism arrests viral spread by killing virus infected cells before new, mature virus can develop. We have previously shown that infection of swine by FMDV results in a measurable CTL response and have correlated CTL killing of virus-infected cells with specific class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramer staining. We also showed that a modified replication defective human adenovirus 5 vector expressing the FMDV structural proteins (Ad5-FMDV-T vaccine) targets the induction of a CD8+ CTL response with a minimal humoral response. In this report, we show that the specificity of the CD8+ T cell response to Ad5-FMDV-T varies between cohorts of genetically identical animals. Further, we demonstrate epitope specificity of CD8+ T cells expands following multiple immunizations with this vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse E Pedersen
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, USA; National Veterinary Institute and Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jared R Patch
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, USA; Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Mary Kenney
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Raisa A Glabman
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, USA; Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Morten Nielsen
- National Veterinary Institute and Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- National Veterinary Institute and Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Soren Buus
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William T Golde
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, USA.
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31
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Markov OV, Mironova NL, Vlasov VV, Zenkova MA. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Antitumor Immune Response Activation by Dendritic Cells. Acta Naturae 2016; 8:17-30. [PMID: 27795841 PMCID: PMC5081705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the initiation and regulation of the antitumor immune response. Already , DC-based antitumor vaccines have been thoroughly explored both in animal tumor models and in clinical trials. DC-based vaccines are commonly produced from DC progenitors isolated from peripheral blood or bone marrow by culturing in the presence of cytokines, followed by loading the DCs with tumor-specific antigens, such as DNA, RNA, viral vectors, or a tumor cell lysate. However, the efficacy of DC-based vaccines remains low. Undoubtedly, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which DCs function would allow us to enhance the antitumor efficacy of DC-based vaccines in clinical applications. This review describes the origin and major subsets of mouse and human DCs, as well as the differences between them. The cellular mechanisms of presentation and cross-presentation of exogenous antigens by DCs to T cells are described. We discuss intracellular antigen processing in DCs, cross-dressing, and the acquisition of the antigen cross-presentation function. A particular section in the review describes the mechanisms of tumor escape from immune surveillance through the suppression of DCs functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentieva Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - N. L. Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentieva Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - V. V. Vlasov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentieva Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - M. A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentieva Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
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32
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Kaabinejadian S, McMurtrey CP, Kim S, Jain R, Bardet W, Schafer FB, Davenport JL, Martin AD, Diamond MS, Weidanz JA, Hansen TH, Hildebrand WH. Immunodominant West Nile Virus T Cell Epitopes Are Fewer in Number and Fashionably Late. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4263-73. [PMID: 27183642 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Class I HLA molecules mark infected cells for immune targeting by presenting pathogen-encoded peptides on the cell surface. Characterization of viral peptides unique to infected cells is important for understanding CD8(+) T cell responses and for the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. Having previously reported a series of West Nile virus (WNV) epitopes that are naturally presented by HLA-A*02:01, in this study we generated TCR mimic (TCRm) mAbs to three of these peptide/HLA complexes-the immunodominant SVG9 (E protein), the subdominant SLF9 (NS4B protein), and the immunorecessive YTM9 (NS3 protein)-and used these TCRm mAbs to stain WNV-infected cell lines and primary APCs. TCRm staining of WNV-infected cells demonstrated that the immunorecessive YTM9 appeared several hours earlier and at 5- to 10-fold greater density than the more immunogenic SLF9 and SVG9 ligands, respectively. Moreover, staining following inhibition of the TAP demonstrated that all three viral ligands were presented in a TAP-dependent manner despite originating from different cellular compartments. To our knowledge, this study represents the first use of TCRm mAbs to define the kinetics and magnitude of HLA presentation for a series of epitopes encoded by one virus, and the results depict a pattern whereby individual epitopes differ considerably in abundance and availability. The observations that immunodominant ligands can be found at lower levels and at later time points after infection suggest that a reevaluation of the factors that combine to shape T cell reactivity may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Kaabinejadian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Curtis P McMurtrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Sojung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Rinki Jain
- Center for Immunotherapeutic Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX 79601; Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX 79601; Receptor Logic, Inc., Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Wilfried Bardet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Fredda B Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | | | | | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jon A Weidanz
- Center for Immunotherapeutic Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX 79601; Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX 79601; Receptor Logic, Inc., Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Ted H Hansen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - William H Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104;
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Hafstrand I, Doorduijn EM, Duru AD, Buratto J, Oliveira CC, Sandalova T, van Hall T, Achour A. The MHC Class I Cancer-Associated Neoepitope Trh4 Linked with Impaired Peptide Processing Induces a Unique Noncanonical TCR Conformer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2327-34. [PMID: 26800871 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I downregulation represents a significant challenge for successful T cell-based immunotherapy. T cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing (TEIPP) constitute a novel category of immunogenic Ags that are selectively presented on transporter associated with Ag processing-deficient cells. The TEIPP neoepitopes are CD8 T cell targets, derived from nonmutated self-proteins that might be exploited to prevent immune escape. In this study, the crystal structure of H-2D(b) in complex with the first identified TEIPP Ag (MCLRMTAVM) derived from the Trh4 protein has been determined to 2.25 Å resolution. In contrast to prototypic H-2D(b) peptides, Trh4 takes a noncanonical peptide-binding pattern with extensive sulfur-π interactions that contribute to the overall complex stability. Importantly, the noncanonical methionine at peptide position 5 acts as a main anchor, altering only the conformation of the H-2D(b) residues Y156 and H155 and thereby forming a unique MHC/peptide conformer that is essential for recognition by TEIPP-specific T cells. Substitution of peptide residues p2C and p5M to the conservative α-aminobutyric acid and norleucine, respectively, significantly reduced complex stability, without altering peptide conformation or T cell recognition. In contrast, substitution of p5M to a conventional asparagine abolished recognition by the H-2D(b)/Trh4-specific T cell clone LnB5. We anticipate that the H-2D(b)/Trh4 complex represents the first example, to our knowledge, of a broader repertoire of alternative MHC class I binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hafstrand
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Elien M Doorduijn
- Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Adil Doganay Duru
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Jeremie Buratto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | | | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-10450 Stockholm, Sweden; and
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Abstract
CD8 T lymphocytes are a major cell population of the adaptive immune system. A fundamental characteristic of the CD8 T lymphocyte pool is that it is composed of millions of clones; each with a unique T cell receptor capable of recognizing a limited number of peptides displayed at the cell surface bound to the grooves of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. Naïve CD8 T lymphocytes are normally resting and circulate between the blood and secondary lymphoid organs in search of their cognate peptide–MHC complexes. During viral infections, bone marrow–derived professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPCs) in secondary lymphoid organs display viral peptides on their MHC I molecules. Specific CD8 T lymphocytes that recognize these peptide–MHC adducts become activated (primed), proliferate extensively, and develop into effectors capable of killing infected cells, identified by the presence at their surface of the pertinent viral peptide–MHC complexes. This article describes how the process of priming naïve CD8 T lymphocytes occurs.
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35
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Oliveira CC, van Hall T. Alternative Antigen Processing for MHC Class I: Multiple Roads Lead to Rome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:298. [PMID: 26097483 PMCID: PMC4457021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The well described conventional antigen-processing pathway is accountable for most peptides that end up in MHC class I molecules at the cell surface. These peptides experienced liberation by the proteasome and transport by the peptide transporter TAP. However, there are multiple roads that lead to Rome, illustrated by the increasing number of alternative processing pathways that have been reported during last years. Interestingly, TAP-deficient individuals do not succumb to viral infections, suggesting that CD8 T cell immunity is sufficiently supported by alternative TAP-independent processing pathways. To date, a diversity of viral and endogenous TAP-independent peptides have been identified in the grooves of different MHC class I alleles. Some of these peptides are not displayed by normal TAP-positive cells and we therefore called them TEIPP, for “T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing.” TEIPPs are hidden self-antigens, are derived from normal housekeeping proteins, and are processed via unconventional processing pathways. Per definition, TEIPPs are presented via TAP-independent pathways, but recent data suggest that part of this repertoire still depend on proteasome and metalloprotease activity. An exception is the C-terminal peptide of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane-spanning ceramide synthase Trh4 that is surprisingly liberated by the signal peptide peptidase (SPP), the proteolytic enzyme involved in cleaving leader sequences. The intramembrane cleaving SPP is thereby an important contributor of TAP-independent peptides. Its family members, like the Alzheimer’s related presenilins, might contribute as well, according to our preliminary data. Finally, alternative peptide routing is an emerging field and includes processes like the unfolded protein response, the ER-associated degradation, and autophagy-associated vesicular pathways. These data convince us that there is a world to be discovered in the field of unconventional antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
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Abstract
Vaccination has a proven record as one of the most effective medical approaches to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Traditional vaccine approaches involve the administration of whole killed or weakened microorganisms to stimulate protective immune responses. Such approaches deliver many microbial components, some of which contribute to protective immunity, and assist in guiding the type of immune response that is elicited. Despite their impeccable record, these approaches have failed to yield vaccines for many important infectious organisms. This has prompted a move towards more defined vaccines ('subunit vaccines'), where individual protective components are administered. This unit provides an overview of the components that are used for the development of modern vaccines including: an introduction to different vaccine types (whole organism, protein/peptide, polysaccharide, conjugate, and DNA vaccines); techniques for identifying subunit antigens; vaccine delivery systems; and immunostimulatory agents ('adjuvants'), which are fundamental for the development of effective subunit vaccines.
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38
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Vujanovic L, Shi J, Kirkwood JM, Storkus WJ, Butterfield LH. Molecular mimicry of MAGE-A6 and Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2 epitopes in the induction of antitumor CD8 + T-cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e954501. [PMID: 25960935 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.954501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising vaccine strategy for the treatment of cancer involves the use of vaccines incorporating tumor antigen-derived synthetic peptides that can be coordinately recognized by specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Previously, we reported that a MAGE-A6-derived peptide (MAGE-A6172-187) and its highly-immunogenic and cross-reactive homolog derived from Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2 permease (HF-2216-229) are promiscuously presented by multiple HLA-DR alleles to responder CD4+ T-cells obtained from healthy donors and melanoma patients. Here, we investigated whether these same peptides could concomitantly stimulate cross-reactive MAGE-A6-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro using cells isolated from HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2)+ healthy individuals and patients with melanoma. We now show that MAGE-A6172-187 and, even more so, HF-2216-229, induce memory CD8+ T cells that recognize HLA-A2+ MAGE-A6+ tumor target cells. The immunogenicity of these peptides was at least partially attributed to their embedded MAGE-A6176-185 and HF-2220-229 "homologous" sequences. The functional avidity of HF-2216-229 peptide-primed CD8+ T cells for the MAGE-A6172-187 peptide was more than 100-fold greater than that of CD8+ T cells primed with the corresponding MAGE-A6 peptide. Additionally, these 2 peptides were recognized in interferon γ (IFNγ) and granzyme B ELISPOT assays by CD8+ T-cell clones displaying variable T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ usage. These data suggest that the immune cross-reactivity of the MAGE-A6172-187 and HF-2216-229 peptides extends to CD8+ T cells, at least in HLA-A2+ donors, and supports the potential translational utility of these epitopes in clinical vaccine formulations and for immunomonitoring of cancer patients.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- AdV, recombinant adenoviral vector
- CD8+ T-cell
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HD, healthy donor
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IVS, in vitro stimulation
- MACS, Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting
- MAGE-A6
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- Mycoplasma penetrans
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PFU, plaque forming units
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- TAA, tumor associated antigen
- TCM, T cell media
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- epitope mimic
- iDC, immature dendritic cells
- mDC, mature dendritic cells
- melanoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar Vujanovic
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jian Shi
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Immunology ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Dermatology ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Immunology ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Surgery ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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39
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Combinatorial contextualization of peptidic epitopes for enhanced cellular immunity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110425. [PMID: 25343355 PMCID: PMC4208766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invocation of cellular immunity by epitopic peptides remains largely dependent on empirically developed protocols, such as interfusion of aluminum salts or emulsification using terpenoids and surfactants. To explore novel vaccine formulation, epitopic peptide motifs were co-programmed with structural motifs to produce artificial antigens using our “motif-programming” approach. As a proof of concept, we used an ovalbumin (OVA) system and prepared an artificial protein library by combinatorially polymerizing MHC class I and II sequences from OVA along with a sequence that tends to form secondary structures. The purified endotoxin-free proteins were then examined for their ability to activate OVA-specific T-cell hybridoma cells after being processed within dendritic cells. One clone, F37A (containing three MHC I and two MHC II OVA epitopes), possessed a greater ability to evoke cellular immunity than the native OVA or the other artificial antigens. The sensitivity profiles of drugs that interfered with the F37A uptake differed from those of the other artificial proteins and OVA, suggesting that alteration of the cross-presentation pathway is responsible for the enhanced immunogenicity. Moreover, F37A, but not an epitopic peptide, invoked cellular immunity when injected together with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), and retarded tumor growth in mice. Thus, an artificially synthesized protein antigen induced cellular immunity in vivo in the absence of incomplete Freund's adjuvant or aluminum salts. The method described here could be potentially used for developing vaccines for such intractable ailments as AIDS, malaria and cancer, ailments in which cellular immunity likely play a crucial role in prevention and treatment.
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A live attenuated combination vaccine evokes effective immune-mediated protection against Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum. Vaccine 2014; 32:5937-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Carambia A, Herkel J. Liver sinusoidal cells collecting MHC-I molecules: you can't get enough of a good thing. J Hepatol 2014; 61:464-5. [PMID: 24929090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Carambia
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr.52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Herkel
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr.52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Mayans S, Stepniak D, Palida S, Larange A, Dreux J, Arlian B, Shinnakasu R, Kronenberg M, Cheroutre H, Lambolez F. αβT cell receptors expressed by CD4(-)CD8αβ(-) intraepithelial T cells drive their fate into a unique lineage with unusual MHC reactivities. Immunity 2014; 41:207-218. [PMID: 25131531 PMCID: PMC4142827 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coreceptor CD4 and CD8αβ double-negative (DN) TCRαβ(+) intraepithelial T cells, although numerous, have been greatly overlooked and their contribution to the immune response is not known. Here we used T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of single cells combined with retrogenic expression of TCRs to study the fate and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of DN TCRαβ(+) intraepithelial T cells. The data show that commitment of thymic precursors to the DN TCRαβ(+) lineage is imprinted by their TCR specificity. Moreover, the TCRs they express display a diverse and unusual pattern of MHC restriction that is nonoverlapping with that of CD4(+) or CD8αβ(+) T cells, indicating that they sense antigens that are not recognized by the conventional T cell subsets. The new insights indicate that DN TCRαβ(+) T cells form a third lineage of TCRαβ T lymphocytes expressing a variable TCR repertoire, which serve nonredundant immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mayans
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Clinical Microbiology-Immunology, NUS Building 6C, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dariusz Stepniak
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- eBioscience, 10255 Science center drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sakina Palida
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- HHMI – UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr, George Palade 310 La Jolla, CA 92093-0647, USA
| | - Alexandre Larange
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joanna Dreux
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Britni Arlian
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-209, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ryo Shinnakasu
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Riken, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hilde Cheroutre
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Florence Lambolez
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Rastall DPW, Aldhamen YA, Seregin SS, Godbehere S, Amalfitano A. ERAP1 functions override the intrinsic selection of specific antigens as immunodominant peptides, thereby altering the potency of antigen-specific cytolytic and effector memory T-cell responses. Int Immunol 2014; 26:685-95. [PMID: 25087231 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is a critical component of the adaptive immune system that has been shown to increase or decrease the presentation of specific peptides on MHC class I molecules. Here, we have demonstrated that ERAP1 functions are not only important during the presentation of antigen-derived peptides, but these functions can also completely change which antigen-derived peptides ultimately become selected as immunodominant T-cell epitopes. Our results suggest that ERAP1 may do this by destroying epitopes that would otherwise become immunodominant in the absence of adequate ERAP1 functionality. We further establish that ERAP1-mediated influences on T-cell functions are both qualitative and quantitative, by demonstrating that loss of ERAP1 function redirects CTL killing toward a different set of antigen-derived epitopes and increases the percent of antigen-specific memory T cells elicited by antigen exposure. As a result, our studies suggest that normal ERAP1 activity can act to suppress the numbers of T effector memory cells that respond to a given antigen. This unique finding may shed light on why certain ERAP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with several autoimmune diseases, for example, by significantly altering the robustness and quality of CD8+ T-cell memory responses to antigen-derived peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P W Rastall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sergey S Seregin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Khan TA, Reddy ST. Immunological principles regulating immunomodulation with biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1720-7. [PMID: 24342045 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to recognize and eliminate pathogens; this recognition relies on the identification of structural molecular patterns within unique tissue microenvironments. Therefore, bioengineers can harness these immunological cues to design materials that modulate innate and adaptive immunity in a controlled manner. This review acts as an immunology primer by focusing on the basic molecular and cellular immunology principles governing immunomodulation with biomaterials.
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Culina S, Mauvais FX, Hsu HT, Burgevin A, Guénette S, Moser A, van Endert P. No major role for insulin-degrading enzyme in antigen presentation by MHC molecules. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88365. [PMID: 24516642 PMCID: PMC3917890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules requires degradation of epitope source proteins in the cytosol. Although the preeminent role of the proteasome is clearly established, evidence suggesting a significant role for proteasome-independent generation of class I ligands has been reported repeatedly. However, an enzyme responsible for such a role has not been identified. Recently insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) was shown to produce an antigenic peptide derived from the tumor antigen MAGE-A3 in an entirely proteasome-independent manner, raising the question of the global impact of IDE in MHC class I antigen processing. Here we report that IDE knockdown in human cell lines, or knockout in two different mouse strains, has no effect on cell surface expression of various MHC class I molecules, including allomorphs such as HLA-A3 and HLA-B27 suggested to be loaded in an at least a partly proteasome-independent manner. Moreover, reduced or absent IDE expression does not affect presentation of five epitopes including epitopes derived from beta amyloid and proinsulin, two preferred IDE substrates. Thus, IDE does not play a major role in MHC class I antigen processing, confirming the dominant and almost exclusive role of the proteasome in cytosolic production of MHC class I ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Culina
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Mauvais
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Hsiang-Ting Hsu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Burgevin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Suzanne Guénette
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Moser
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Design of an Optimized Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) mRNA Construct for Enhanced WT1 Expression and Improved Immunogenicity In Vitro and In Vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e134. [PMID: 24253259 PMCID: PMC3889186 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor antigen-encoding mRNA for dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination has gained increasing popularity in recent years. Within this context, two main strategies have entered the clinical trial stage: the use of mRNA for ex vivo antigen loading of DCs and the direct application of mRNA as a source of antigen for DCs in vivo. DCs transfected with mRNA-encoding Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) protein have shown promising clinical results. Using a stepwise approach, we re-engineered a WT1 cDNA-carrying transcription vector to improve the translational characteristics and immunogenicity of the transcribed mRNA. Different modifications were performed: (i) the WT1 sequence was flanked by the lysosomal targeting sequence of dendritic cell lysosomal-associated membrane protein to enhance cytoplasmic expression; (ii) the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of WT1 was deleted to promote shuttling from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; (iii) the WT1 DNA sequence was optimized in silico to improve translational efficiency; and (iv) this WT1 sequence was cloned into an optimized RNA transcription vector. DCs electroporated with this optimized mRNA showed an improved ability to stimulate WT1-specific T-cell immunity. Furthermore, in a murine model, we were able to show the safety, immunogenicity, and therapeutic activity of this optimized mRNA. This work is relevant for the future development of improved mRNA-based vaccine strategies K.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e134; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.54; published online 19 November 2013.
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Oliveira CC, Querido B, Sluijter M, de Groot AF, van der Zee R, Rabelink MJWE, Hoeben RC, Ossendorp F, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. New role of signal peptide peptidase to liberate C-terminal peptides for MHC class I presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4020-8. [PMID: 24048903 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an intramembrane cleaving aspartyl protease involved in release of leader peptide remnants from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, hence its name. We now found a new activity of SPP that mediates liberation of C-terminal peptides. In our search for novel proteolytic enzymes involved in MHC class I (MHC-I) presentation, we found that SPP generates the C-terminal peptide-epitope of a ceramide synthase. The display of this immunogenic peptide-MHC-I complex at the cell surface was independent of conventional processing components like proteasome and peptide transporter TAP. Absence of TAP activity even increased the MHC-I presentation of this Ag. Mutagenesis studies revealed the crucial role of the C-terminal location of the epitope and "helix-breaking" residues in the transmembrane region just upstream of the peptide, indicating that SPP directly liberated the minimal 9-mer peptide. Moreover, silencing of SPP and its family member SPPL2a led to a general reduction of surface peptide-MHC-I complexes, underlining the involvement of these enzymes in Ag processing and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Rosalia RA, Quakkelaar ED, Redeker A, Khan S, Camps M, Drijfhout JW, Silva AL, Jiskoot W, van Hall T, van Veelen PA, Janssen G, Franken K, Cruz LJ, Tromp A, Oostendorp J, van der Burg SH, Ossendorp F, Melief CJM. Dendritic cells process synthetic long peptides better than whole protein, improving antigen presentation and T-cell activation. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2554-65. [PMID: 23836147 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of antigen (Ag) processing by dendritic cells (DCs) is vital for the strength of the ensuing T-cell responses. Previously, we and others have shown that in comparison to protein vaccines, vaccination with synthetic long peptides (SLPs) has shown more promising (pre-)clinical results. Here, we studied the unknown mechanisms underlying the observed vaccine efficacy of SLPs. We report an in vitro processing analysis of SLPs for MHC class I and class II presentation by murine DCs and human monocyte-derived DCs. Compared to protein, SLPs were rapidly and much more efficiently processed by DCs, resulting in an increased presentation to CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. The mechanism of access to MHC class I loading appeared to differ between the two forms of Ag. Whereas whole soluble protein Ag ended up largely in endolysosomes, SLPs were detected very rapidly outside the endolysosomes after internalization by DCs, followed by proteasome- and transporter associated with Ag processing-dependent MHC class I presentation. Compared to the slower processing route taken by whole protein Ags, our results indicate that the efficient internalization of SLPs, accomplished by DCs but not by B or T cells and characterized by a different and faster intracellular routing, leads to enhanced CD8⁺ T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Rosalia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Recognition of higher order patterns in proteins: immunologic kernels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70115. [PMID: 23922927 PMCID: PMC3726486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
By applying analysis of the principal components of amino acid physical properties we predicted cathepsin cleavage sites, MHC binding affinity, and probability of B-cell epitope binding of peptides in tetanus toxin and in ten diverse additional proteins. Cross-correlation of these metrics, for peptides of all possible amino acid index positions, each evaluated in the context of a ±25 amino acid flanking region, indicated that there is a strongly repetitive pattern of short peptides of approximately thirty amino acids each bounded by cathepsin cleavage sites and each comprising B-cell linear epitopes, MHC–I and MHC-II binding peptides. Such “immunologic kernel” peptides comprise all signals necessary for adaptive immunologic cognition, response and recall. The patterns described indicate a higher order spatial integration that forms a symbolic logic coordinating the adaptive immune system.
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Lolli F, Martini H, Citro A, Franceschini D, Portaccio E, Amato MP, Mechelli R, Annibali V, Sidney J, Sette A, Salvetti M, Barnaba V. Increased CD8+ T cell responses to apoptotic T cell-associated antigens in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:94. [PMID: 23890271 PMCID: PMC3734107 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that CD8+ T cell responses to caspase-cleaved antigens derived from effector T cells undergoing apoptosis, may contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) immunopathology. Methods The percentage of autoreactive CD8+ T effector cells specific for various apoptotic T cell-associated self-epitopes (apoptotic epitopes) were detected in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by both enzyme-linked immunospot and dextramers of class I molecules complexed with relevant apoptotic epitopes. Moreover, the capacity of dextramer+ CD8+ T cells to produce interferon (IFN)-γ and/or interleukin (IL)-17 in response to the relevant apoptotic epitopes was evaluated by the intracellular cytokine staining. Cross-presentation assay of apoptotic T cells by dendritic cells was also evaluated ex vivo. Results We found that polyfunctional (IFN-γ and/or IL-17 producing) autoreactive CD8+ T cells specific for apoptotic epitopes were represented in MS patients with frequencies significantly higher than in healthy donors. These autoreactive CD8+ T cells with a strong potential to produce IFN-γ or IL-17 in response to the relevant apoptotic epitopes were significantly accumulated in the CSF from the same patients. In addition, the frequencies of these autoreactive CD8+ T cells correlated with the disease disability. Cross-presentation assay revealed that caspase-cleaved cellular proteins are required to activate apoptotic epitope-specific CD8+ T cells ex vivo. Conclusion Taken together, these data indicate that apoptotic epitope-specific CD8+ T cells with strong inflammatory potential are recruited at the level of the inflammatory site, where they may be involved in MS immunopathology through the production of high levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lolli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche and Neurofarba, Università of Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliera di Careggi, Largo Brambilla 6, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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