1
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Ramoni D, Montecucco F, Carbone F. CAR T therapy from haematological malignancies to aging-related diseases: An ever-expanding universe. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14203. [PMID: 38551245 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short but impactful, the two-decade story of gene editing allowed a significant breakthrough in the treatment of haematological malignancies. However, despite different generations of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T), such a successful therapy has not yet been replicated in solid tumours and non-oncological diseases. METHODS This narrative review discusses how CAR T therapy still faces challenges in overcoming the complexity of the solid tumour microenvironment and the concerns that its long-term activity raises about potential unknown and unpredictable consequences in non-oncological diseases. RESULTS In the most recent studies, the senolytic potential of CAR T is becoming an exciting field of research. Still, experimental but promising results indeed indicate the clearance of senescent cells as an effective strategy to improve exercise capacity and metabolic dysfunction in physiological ageing, with long-term therapeutic and preventive effects. However, an effective expansion of a CAR T population requires a lympho-depleting chemotherapy prior to infusion. While this procedure sounds reasonable for rescue therapy of oncological diseases, it poses genotoxic risks that may not be justified for non-malignant diseases. Those represent the leading gaps for applying CAR T therapy in non-oncological diseases. CONCLUSION More is expected from current studies on the other classes of CAR cells now under investigation. Engineering NK cells and macrophages are candidates to improve cytotoxic and immunomodulating properties, potentially able to broaden application in solid tumours and non-oncological diseases. Finally, engineering autologous T cells in old individuals may generate biologically deteriorated CAR T clones with impaired function and unpredictable effects on cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ramoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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2
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Franzese O, Palermo B, Frisullo G, Panetta M, Campo G, D’Andrea D, Sperduti I, Taje R, Visca P, Nisticò P. ADA/CD26 axis increases intra-tumor PD-1 +CD28 +CD8 + T-cell fitness and affects NSCLC prognosis and response to ICB. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2371051. [PMID: 38915783 PMCID: PMC11195478 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2371051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy hinges on identifying key T-cell populations critical for tumor control and response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB). We have recently reported that while the co-expression of PD-1 and CD28 is associated with impaired functionality in peripheral blood, it significantly enhances T-cell fitness in the tumor site of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we explored the role of CD26, a key player in T-cell activation through its interaction with adenosine deaminase (ADA), a crucial intra/extracellular enzyme able to neutralize local adenosine (ADO). We found that an autocrine ADA/CD26 axis enhances CD8+PD-1+CD28+ T-cell function, particularly within an immunosuppressive environment marked by CD39 expression. Then, we interrogated the TCGA and OAK datasets to gain insight into the prognostic/predictive potential of our findings. We identified a signature predicting overall survival (OS) in LUAD patients and response to atezolizumab in advanced LUAD cases. These findings suggest promising avenues for therapeutic intervention targeting the ADA/CD26 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ”Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Belinda Palermo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frisullo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Panetta
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Campo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel D’Andrea
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics and Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Taje
- Thoracic-Surgery Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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3
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Ding Z, Ge W, Xu X, Xu X, Sun Q, Xu X, Zhang J. A crucial role of adenosine deaminase in regulating gluconeogenesis in mice. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107425. [PMID: 38823639 PMCID: PMC11231709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine (ADO) to inosine and regulates ADO concentration. ADA ubiquitously expresses in various tissues to mediate ADO-receptor signaling. A significant increase in plasma ADA activity has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we show that elevated plasma ADA activity is a compensated response to high level of ADO in type 2 diabetes mellitus and plays an essential role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Supplementing with more ADA, instead of inhibiting ADA, can reduce ADO levels and decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis. ADA restores a euglycemic state and recovers functional islets in db/db and high-fat streptozotocin diabetic mice. Mechanistically, ADA catabolizes ADO and increases Akt and FoxO1 phosphorylation independent of insulin action. ADA lowers blood glucose at a slower rate and longer duration compared to insulin, delaying or blocking the incidence of insulinogenic hypoglycemia shock. Finally, ADA suppresses gluconeogenesis in fasted mice and insulin-deficient diabetic mice, indicating the ADA regulating gluconeogenesis is a universal biological mechanism. Overall, these results suggest that ADA is expected to be a new therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Li J, Ma S, Pei H, Jiang J, Zou Q, Lv Z. Review of T cell proliferation regulatory factors in treatment and prognostic prediction for solid tumors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21329. [PMID: 37954355 PMCID: PMC10637962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell proliferation regulators (Tcprs), which are positive regulators that promote T cell function, have made great contributions to the development of therapies to improve T cell function. CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) -T cell therapy, a type of adoptive cell transfer therapy that targets tumor cells and enhances immune lethality, has led to significant progress in the treatment of hematologic tumors. However, the applications of CAR-T in solid tumor treatment remain limited. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the development of Tcprs for solid tumor therapy and prognostic prediction. We summarize potential strategies for targeting different Tcprs to enhance T cell proliferation and activation and inhibition of cancer progression, thereby improving the antitumor activity and persistence of CAR-T. In summary, we propose means of enhancing CAR-T cells by expressing different Tcprs, which may lead to the development of a new generation of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuhan Ma
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongdi Pei
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jici Jiang
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhibin Lv
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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5
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Noll JH, Levine BL, June CH, Fraietta JA. Beyond youth: Understanding CAR T cell fitness in the context of immunological aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101840. [PMID: 37729825 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Population aging, a pervasive global demographic trend, is anticipated to challenge health and social systems worldwide. This phenomenon is due to medical advancements enabling longer lifespans, with 20% of the US population soon to be over 65 years old. Consequently, there will be a surge in age-related diseases. Senescence, characterized by the loss of biological maintenance and homeostasis at molecular and cellular levels, either correlates with or directly causes age-related phenotypic changes. Decline of the immune system is a critical factor in the senescence process, with cancer being a primary cause of death in elderly populations. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, an innovative approach, has demonstrated success mainly in pediatric and young adult hematological malignancies but remains largely ineffective for diseases affecting older populations, such as late-in-life B cell malignancies and most solid tumor indications. This limitation arises because CAR T cell efficacy heavily relies on the fitness of the patient-derived starting T cell material. Numerous studies suggest that T cell senescence may be a key driver of CAR T cell deficiency. This review examines correlates and underlying factors associated with favorable CAR T cell outcomes and explores potential experimental and clinically actionable strategies for T cell rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Han Noll
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce L Levine
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Oliveros A, Poleschuk M, Cole PD, Boison D, Jang MH. Chemobrain: An accelerated aging process linking adenosine A 2A receptor signaling in cancer survivors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:267-305. [PMID: 37741694 PMCID: PMC10947554 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has a significant positive impact in cancer treatment outcomes, reducing recurrence and mortality. However, many cancer surviving children and adults suffer from aberrant chemotherapy neurotoxic effects on learning, memory, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. This chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is referred to as "chemobrain" or "chemofog". While the underlying mechanisms mediating CICI are still unclear, there is strong evidence that chemotherapy accelerates the biological aging process, manifesting as effects which include telomere shortening, epigenetic dysregulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial defects, impaired neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation, all of which are known to contribute to increased anxiety and neurocognitive decline. Despite the increased prevalence of CICI, there exists a lack of mechanistic understanding by which chemotherapy detrimentally affects cognition in cancer survivors. Moreover, there are no approved therapeutic interventions for this condition. To address this gap in knowledge, this review attempts to identify how adenosine signaling, particularly through the adenosine A2A receptor, can be an essential tool to attenuate accelerated aging phenotypes. Importantly, the adenosine A2A receptor uniquely stands at the crossroads of cancer treatment and improved cognition, given that it is widely known to control tumor induced immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, while also posited to be an essential regulator of cognition in neurodegenerative disease. Consequently, we propose that the adenosine A2A receptor may provide a multifaceted therapeutic strategy to enhance anticancer activity, while combating chemotherapy induced cognitive deficits, both which are essential to provide novel therapeutic interventions against accelerated aging in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Oliveros
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Michael Poleschuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Peter D Cole
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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7
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Singh SS, Mansuri MS, Naiyer S, Kaur D, Agrahari M, Srinivasan S, Jhingan GD, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya S. Multi-omics analysis to characterize molecular adaptation of Entamoeba histolytica during serum stress. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200148. [PMID: 36066285 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is responsible for dysentery and extraintestinal disease in humans. To establish successful infection, it must generate adaptive response against stress due to host defense mechanisms. We have developed a robust proteomics workflow by combining miniaturized sample preparation, low flow-rate chromatography, and ultra-high sensitivity mass spectrometry, achieving increased proteome coverage, and further integrated proteomics and RNA-seq data to decipher regulation at translational and transcriptional levels. Label-free quantitative proteomics led to identification of 2344 proteins, an improvement over the maximum number identified in E. histolytica proteomic studies. In serum-starved cells, 127 proteins were differentially abundant and were associated with functions including antioxidant activity, cytoskeleton, translation, catalysis, and transport. The virulence factor, Gal/GalNAc-inhibitable lectin subunits, was significantly altered. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed that only 30% genes were coordinately regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels. Some highly expressed transcripts did not change in protein abundance. Conversely, genes with no transcriptional change showed enhanced protein abundance, indicating post-transcriptional regulation. This multi-omics approach enables more refined gene expression analysis to understand the adaptive response of E. histolytica during growth stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Shekhar Singh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahid Mansuri
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sarah Naiyer
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Devinder Kaur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mridula Agrahari
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Vproteomics, Valerian Chem Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Alok Bhattacharya
- Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Sudha Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, India
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8
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Tsui M, Min W, Ng S, Dobbs K, Notarangelo LD, Dror Y, Grunebaum E. The Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Study the Effects of Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency on Human Neutrophil Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748519. [PMID: 34777360 PMCID: PMC8582638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited defects that abrogate the function of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme and consequently lead to the accumulation of toxic purine metabolites cause profound lymphopenia and severe combined immune deficiency. Additionally, neutropenia and impaired neutrophil function have been reported among ADA-deficient patients. However, due to the rarity of the disorder, the neutrophil developmental abnormalities and the mechanisms contributing to them have not been characterized. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) generated from two unrelated ADA-deficient patients and from healthy controls were differentiated through embryoid bodies into neutrophils. ADA deficiency led to a significant reduction in the number of all early multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. At later stages of differentiation, ADA deficiency impeded the formation of granulocyte colonies in methylcellulose cultures, leading to a significant decrease in the number of neutrophils generated from ADA-deficient iPSCs. The viability and apoptosis of ADA-deficient neutrophils isolated from methylcellulose cultures were unaffected, suggesting that the abnormal purine homeostasis in this condition interferes with differentiation or proliferation. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the percentage of hyperlobular ADA-deficient neutrophils, and these neutrophils demonstrated significantly reduced ability to phagocytize fluorescent microspheres. Supplementing iPSCs and methylcellulose cultures with exogenous ADA, which can correct adenosine metabolism, reversed all abnormalities, cementing the critical role of ADA in neutrophil development. Moreover, chemical inhibition of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) enzyme, using hydroxyurea or a combination of nicotinamide and trichostatin A in iPSCs from healthy controls, led to abnormal neutrophil differentiation similar to that observed in ADA deficiency, implicating RNR inhibition as a potential mechanism for the neutrophil abnormalities. In conclusion, the findings presented here demonstrate the important role of ADA in the development and function of neutrophils while clarifying the mechanisms responsible for the neutrophil abnormalities in ADA-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tsui
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Weixian Min
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ng
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yigal Dror
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Hixson EA, Borker PV, Jackson EK, Macatangay BJ. The Adenosine Pathway and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Inflammation. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab396. [PMID: 34557556 PMCID: PMC8454523 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of age-associated comorbidities and mortality compared to people without HIV. This has been attributed to HIV-associated chronic inflammation and immune activation despite viral suppression. The adenosine pathway is an established mechanism by which the body regulates persistent inflammation to limit tissue damage associated with inflammatory conditions. However, HIV infection is associated with derangements in the adenosine pathway that limits its ability to control HIV-associated inflammation. This article reviews the function of purinergic signaling and the role of the adenosine signaling pathway in HIV-associated chronic inflammation. This review also discusses the beneficial and potential detrimental effects of pharmacotherapeutic strategies targeting this pathway among people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hixson
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priya V Borker
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernard J Macatangay
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Laubach ZM, Greenberg JR, Turner JW, Montgomery TM, Pioon MO, Sawdy MA, Smale L, Cavalcante RG, Padmanabhan KR, Lalancette C, vonHoldt B, Faulk CD, Dolinoy DC, Holekamp KE, Perng W. Early-life social experience affects offspring DNA methylation and later life stress phenotype. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4398. [PMID: 34285226 PMCID: PMC8292380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in rodents and captive primates suggest that the early-life social environment affects future phenotype, potentially through alterations to DNA methylation. Little is known of these associations in wild animals. In a wild population of spotted hyenas, we test the hypothesis that maternal care during the first year of life and social connectedness during two periods of early development leads to differences in DNA methylation and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) later in life. Here we report that although maternal care and social connectedness during the den-dependent life stage are not associated with fGCMs, greater social connectedness during the subadult den-independent life stage is associated with lower adult fGCMs. Additionally, more maternal care and social connectedness after den independence correspond with higher global (%CCGG) DNA methylation. We also note differential DNA methylation near 5 genes involved in inflammation, immune response, and aging that may link maternal care with stress phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Laubach
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA.
- BEACON, NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Julia R Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
| | - Julie W Turner
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
- BEACON, NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
| | - Tracy M Montgomery
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malit O Pioon
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
| | - Maggie A Sawdy
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
| | - Laura Smale
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Epigenomics Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kay E Holekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA MI, USA
- BEACON, NSF Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Mara Hyena Project, Masai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology and Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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11
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Liu X, Hoft DF, Peng G. Senescent T cells within suppressive tumor microenvironments: emerging target for tumor immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1073-1083. [PMID: 32118585 DOI: 10.1172/jci133679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional state of the preexisting T cells in the tumor microenvironment is a key determinant for effective antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. Increasing evidence suggests that immunosenescence is an important state of T cell dysfunction that is distinct from exhaustion, a key strategy used by malignant tumors to evade immune surveillance and sustain the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we discuss the phenotypic and functional characteristics of senescent T cells and their role in human cancers. We also explore the possible mechanisms and signaling pathways responsible for induction of T cell senescence by malignant tumors, and then discuss potential strategies to prevent and/or reverse senescence in tumor-specific T cells. A better understanding of these critical issues should provide novel strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Sim JH, Kim JH, Park AK, Lee J, Kim KM, Shin HM, Kim M, Choi K, Choi EY, Kang I, Lee DS, Kim HR. IL-7Rα low CD8 + T Cells from Healthy Individuals Are Anergic with Defective Glycolysis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2968-2978. [PMID: 33106337 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effector memory (EM) CD8+ T cells expressing lower levels of IL-7R α (IL-7Rαlow) from healthy individuals are partly compromised in vitro, but the identity of these cells has remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that human IL-7Rαlow EM CD8+ T cells are naturally occurring anergic cells in vivo and impaired in proliferation and IL-2 production but competent in IFN-γ and TNF-α production, a state that can be restored by IL-2 stimulation. IL-7Rαlow EM CD8+ T cells show decreased expression of GATA3 and c-MYC and are defective in metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis, a process required for the proliferation of T cells. However, IL-7Rαlow EM CD8+ T cells can proliferate with TCR stimulation in the presence of IL-2 and IL-15, suggesting that these cells can be restored to normality or increased activity by inflammatory conditions and may serve as a reservoir for functional immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Sim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28150, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Kyung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mu Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon 25159, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Insoo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon 25159, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Rae Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; .,Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon 25159, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Bhalla M, Simmons SR, Abamonte A, Herring SE, Roggensack SE, Bou Ghanem EN. Extracellular adenosine signaling reverses the age-driven decline in the ability of neutrophils to kill Streptococcus pneumoniae. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13218. [PMID: 32790148 PMCID: PMC7576260 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly are susceptible to serious infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), which calls for a better understanding of the pathways driving the decline in host defense in aging. We previously found that extracellular adenosine (EAD) shaped polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) responses, which are crucial for controlling infection. EAD is produced by CD39 and CD73, and signals via A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors. The objective of this study was to explore the age‐driven changes in the EAD pathway and its impact on PMN function. We found in comparison to young mice, PMNs from old mice expressed significantly less CD73, but similar levels of CD39 and adenosine receptors. PMNs from old mice failed to efficiently kill pneumococci ex vivo; however, supplementation with adenosine rescued this defect. Importantly, transfer of PMNs expressing CD73 from young mice reversed the susceptibility of old mice to pneumococcal infection. To identify which adenosine receptor(s) is involved, we used specific agonists and inhibitors. We found that A1 receptor signaling was crucial for PMN function as inhibition or genetic ablation of A1 impaired the ability of PMNs from young mice to kill pneumococci. Importantly, activation of A1 receptors rescued the age‐associated defect in PMN function. In exploring mechanisms, we found that PMNs from old mice failed to efficiently kill engulfed pneumococci and that A1 receptor controlled intracellular killing. In summary, targeting the EAD pathway reverses the age‐driven decline in PMN antimicrobial function, which has serious implications in combating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University at Buffalo School of Medicine Buffalo NY USA
| | - Shaunna R. Simmons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University at Buffalo School of Medicine Buffalo NY USA
| | - Alexsandra Abamonte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University at Buffalo School of Medicine Buffalo NY USA
| | - Sydney E. Herring
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University at Buffalo School of Medicine Buffalo NY USA
| | - Sara E. Roggensack
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Elsa N. Bou Ghanem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University at Buffalo School of Medicine Buffalo NY USA
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Senescent Tumor CD8 + T Cells: Mechanisms of Induction and Challenges to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102828. [PMID: 33008037 PMCID: PMC7601312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapies harness the hosts’ immune system to combat cancer and are currently used to treat many tumor types. Immunotherapies mainly target T cells, the major immune population responsible for tumor-cell killing. One of the reasons that T cells may not respond to immunotherapeutic treatment is that they are in a dysfunctional state termed senescence. This review seeks to describe the molecular mechanisms that characterize and induce T cell senescence within the context of the tumor microenvironment and how this might affect treatment responses. Abstract The inability of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes to eradicate tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major obstacle to successful immunotherapeutic treatments. Understanding the immunosuppressive mechanisms within the TME is paramount to overcoming these obstacles. T cell senescence is a critical dysfunctional state present in the TME that differs from T cell exhaustion currently targeted by many immunotherapies. This review focuses on the physiological, molecular, metabolic and cellular processes that drive CD8+ T cell senescence. Evidence showing that senescent T cells hinder immunotherapies is discussed, as are therapeutic options to reverse T cell senescence.
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Battram AM, Bachiller M, Martín-Antonio B. Senescence in the Development and Response to Cancer with Immunotherapy: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124346. [PMID: 32570952 PMCID: PMC7352478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence was first described as a physiological tumor cell suppressor mechanism that leads to cell growth arrest with production of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype known as SASP. The main role of SASP in physiological conditions is to attract immune cells to clear senescent cells avoiding tumor development. However, senescence can be damage-associated and, depending on the nature of these stimuli, additional types of senescence have been described. In the context of cancer, damage-associated senescence has been described as a consequence of chemotherapy treatments that were initially thought of as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, in certain contexts, senescence after chemotherapy can promote cancer progression, especially when immune cells become senescent and cannot clear senescent tumor cells. Moreover, aging itself leads to continuous inflammaging and immunosenescence which are responsible for rewiring immune cells to become defective in their functionality. Here, we define different types of senescence, pathways that activate them, and functions of SASP in these events. Additionally, we describe the role of senescence in cancer and its treatments, including how aging and chemotherapy contribute to senescence in tumor cells, before focusing on immune cell senescence and its role in cancer. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions to reverse cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Battram
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Mireia Bachiller
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.B.); (M.B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS/Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-227-45-28; Fax: +34-93-312-94-07
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J. Heath J, D. Grant M. The Immune Response Against Human Cytomegalovirus Links Cellular to Systemic Senescence. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030766. [PMID: 32245117 PMCID: PMC7140628 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging reflects long-term decline in physiological function and integrity. Changes arise at a variable pace governed by time-dependent and -independent mechanisms that are themselves complex, interdependent and variable. Molecular decay produces inferior cells that eventually dominate over healthy counterparts in tissues they comprise. In a form of biological entropy, progression from molecular through cellular to tissue level degeneration culminates in organ disease or dysfunction, affecting systemic health. To better understand time-independent contributors and their potential modulation, common biophysical bases for key molecular and cellular changes underlying age-related physiological deterioration must be delineated. This review addresses the potential contribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven T cell proliferation to cellular senescence and immunosenescence. We first describe molecular processes imposing cell cycle arrest, the foundation of cellular senescence, then focus on the unique distribution, phenotype and function of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells in the context of cellular senescence and "inflammaging". Their features position CMV infection as a pathogenic accelerant of immune cell proliferation underlying immune senescence. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, where increased inflammation and exaggerated anti-CMV immune responses accelerate immune senescence, CMV infection has emerged as a major factor in unhealthy aging. Thus, we speculate on mechanistic links between CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell expansion, immune senescence and prevalence of age-related disorders in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Heath
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada;
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Michael D. Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Preshaw PM, Henne K, Taylor JJ, Valentine RA, Conrads G. Age-related changes in immune function (immune senescence) in caries and periodontal diseases: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 44 Suppl 18:S153-S177. [PMID: 28266110 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the evidence regarding immune senescence in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and dental caries. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases utilizing medical subject headings (MeSH terms) supplemented by screening of review articles and other relevant texts was undertaken. RESULTS Seventy-three articles were included (43 for periodontitis, 30 for caries). Study results were found to be generally heterogeneous. Regarding periodontitis, human studies suggest evidence for altered neutrophil function and increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 ) in older compared to younger subjects, and animal experiments suggest increased expression of genes that contribute to a pro-inflammatory state in older compared to younger animals. Regarding dental caries, research relating to changes in immune functioning and the impact of ageing is in its infancy. A small number of studies have reported components of innate and adaptive immunity that affect the composition of saliva and dental biofilms with possible impacts on caries progression. CONCLUSION There is evidence that immune functioning related to periodontitis and (less investigated) dental caries alters with increasing age. In both conditions, age-associated mechanistic changes in immune functioning are complex and incompletely understood and it is not clear how these relate to disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Preshaw
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karsten Henne
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - John J Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ruth A Valentine
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Adenosine signaling and adenosine deaminase regulation of immune responses: impact on the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:309-320. [PMID: 30097807 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has devastating effects on the host immune system. HIV entry into host cells and subsequent viral replication induce a proinflammatory response, hyperactivating immune cells and leading them to death, disfunction, and exhaustion. Adenosine is an immunomodulatory molecule that suppresses immune cell function to protect tissue integrity. The anti-inflammatory properties of adenosine modulate the chronic inflammation and immune activation caused by HIV. Lack of adenosine contributes to pathogenic events in HIV infection. However, immunosuppression by adenosine has its shortcomings, such as impairing the immune response, hindering the elimination of the virus and control of viral replication. By attempting to control inflammation, adenosine feeds a pathogenic cycle affecting immune cells. Deamination of adenosine by ADA (adenosine deaminase) counteracts the negative effects of adenosine in immune cells, boosting the immune response. This review comprises the connection between adenosinergic system and HIV immunopathogenesis, exploring defects in immune cell function and the role of ADA in protecting these cells against damage.
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19
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Franzese O, Barbaccia ML, Bonmassar E, Graziani G. Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-Associated Immunosenescence. Chemotherapy 2018; 63:64-75. [PMID: 29533947 DOI: 10.1159/000487534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy more than 2 decades ago, HIV-related deaths have dramatically decreased and HIV infection has become a chronic disease. Due to the inability of antiretroviral drugs to eradicate the virus, treatment of HIV infection requires a systemic lifelong therapy. However, even when successfully treated, HIV patients still show increased incidence of age-associated co-morbidities compared with uninfected individuals. Virus- induced immunosenescence, a process characterized by a progressive decline of immune system function, contributes to the premature ageing observed in HIV patients. Although antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved both the quality and length of patient lives, the life expectancy of treated patients is still shorter compared with that of uninfected individuals. In particular, while antiretroviral therapy can contrast some features of HIV-associated immunosenescence, several anti-HIV agents may themselves contribute to other aspects of immune ageing. Moreover, older HIV patients tend to have a worse immunological response to the antiviral therapy. In this review we will examine the available evidence on the role of antiretroviral therapy in the control of the main features regulating immunosenescence.
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20
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Le Page A, Dupuis G, Larbi A, Witkowski JM, Fülöp T. Signal transduction changes in CD4 + and CD8 + T cell subpopulations with aging. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:128-139. [PMID: 29307735 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The innate and adaptive branches of the immune system display changes with aging, a fact referred to as immunosenescence. Furthermore, it has been established that adaptive immunity is more susceptible to age-related changes than innate immunity. The most prominent phenotypic changes that reflect the specific differentiation and role of each T cell subpopulation are two-fold. They are a decreased number of naïve T cells that parallels an increase in memory T cells, mainly in the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell population, which can be subdivided into naïve, central, effector memory and TEMRA cells. The two main T cell properties that are the most affected with aging are the altered clonal expansion and decreased cytokine production, especially IL-2. These T cell functions have been shown to be affected in the early events of signaling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of age on TCR- and CD28-dependent activation of the downstream signaling effectors Lck, SHP-1, Akt, PI3K p85α and mTOR in differentiated subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Results showed that lymphocytes of elderly subjects were already in an activated state that could not be upregulated by external stimulation. Results also showed that the age-related signal transduction changes were more important than phenotype in the CD4+ and CD8+ T subpopulations. These observations suggested that age-related molecular and biochemical changes have a more significant influence on T cell functions than T cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Le Page
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Graduate Programme in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Programme in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Immunos Building at Biopolis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Graduate Programme in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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21
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Immunotherapy comes of age: Immune aging & checkpoint inhibitors. J Geriatr Oncol 2017; 8:229-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Effros RB. The silent war of CMV in aging and HIV infection. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 158:46-52. [PMID: 26404009 PMCID: PMC4808485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), the prototypical β-herpervirus, is a widespread pathogen that establishes a lifelong latent infection in myeloid progenitor, and possibly other cells as well. Although immunocompetent individuals show mild or no symptoms despite periodic reactivation during myeloid cell differentiation, CMV is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in older adults and in persons chronically infected with HIV. Indeed, in these individuals, reactivation of CMV can cause serious complications. This review will focus of the effects of CMV during aging and HIV/AIDS, with particular attention to the cellular immunity and age-related pathology outcomes from this persistent infection. The impact of the long-term chronic exposure to CMV antigens on the expansion of CD8 T cells with features of replicative senescence will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita B Effros
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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23
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Campos PB, Paulsen BS, Rehen SK. Accelerating neuronal aging in in vitro model brain disorders: a focus on reactive oxygen species. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:292. [PMID: 25386139 PMCID: PMC4209886 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss insights gained through the use of stem cell preparations regarding the modeling of neurological diseases, the need for aging neurons derived from pluripotent stem cells to further advance the study of late-onset adult neurological diseases, and the extent to which mechanisms linked to the mismanagement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The context of these issues can be revealed using the three disease states of Parkinson’s (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), and schizophrenia, as considerable insights have been gained into these conditions through the use of stem cells in terms of disease etiologies and the role of oxidative stress. The latter subject is a primary area of interest of our group. After discussing the molecular models of accelerated aging, we highlight the role of ROS for the three diseases explored here. Importantly, we do not seek to provide an extensive account of all genetic mutations for each of the three disorders discussed in this review, but we aim instead to provide a conceptual framework that could maximize the gains from merging the approaches of stem cell microsystems and the study of oxidative stress in disease in order to optimize therapeutics and determine new molecular targets against oxidative stress that spare stem cell proliferation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Britto Campos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Paulsen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Concetti F, Carpi FM, Nabissi M, Picciolini M, Santoni G, Napolioni V. The functional polymorphism rs73598374:G>A (p.Asp8Asn) of the ADA gene is associated with telomerase activity and leukocyte telomere length. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:267-70. [PMID: 24896148 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrated a relevant role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in replicative senescence of T cells through its capacity to modulate telomerase activity (TA). Herein, we tested the impact of the functional polymorphism ADA rs73598374:G>A (c.22G>A, p.Asp8Asn) on telomere biology, by measuring TA and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in healthy subjects selected according to rs73598374 genotype. rs73598374-A carriers showed lower TA (P=0.019) and shorter LTL (P=0.003), respectively, compared to G/G carriers. rs73598374-A carriers showed a stronger cross-sectional age reduction of LTL (r=-0.314, P=0.005) compared to G/G carriers (r=-0.243, P=0.022). The reduced ADA activity associated to rs73598374-A variant predisposes those carriers to display higher levels of adenosine compared to G/G carriers. Consequently, it may lead to an accelerated process of replicative senescence, causing a stronger reduction of TA and in turn shorter LTL. In conclusion, the crucial role played by replicative senescence of the immune system in several human diseases and in the aging process underscores the relevance of the present findings and also spurs interest into the possible involvement of rs73598374 in shaping the susceptibility to several age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco M Carpi
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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25
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Boraschi D, Aguado MT, Dutel C, Goronzy J, Louis J, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Rappuoli R, Del Giudice G. The gracefully aging immune system. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:185ps8. [PMID: 23677590 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged life expectancy in the 20th century has been one of humankind's greatest triumphs. However, the substantial increase in the human life span has ushered in a new concern: healthy aging. Because infectious diseases prominently contribute to morbidity in the particularly vulnerable elderly population, strategies for preventing these diseases would have a clear impact on improving healthy aging. Thus, vaccines and immunization strategies tailored for the elderly population are needed, and vaccines should be developed to take into consideration the peculiar age-induced variations of immune responsiveness. The conference "Ageing and Immunity" recently held in Siena, Italy, has reviewed and discussed several possible causes of immune senescence, as well as strategies for counteracting this waning of immune responsiveness and for restoring immunocompetence. In addition, examples of diseases that should be targeted by vaccination in the senior population were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
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Accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS: novel biomarkers of senescent human CD8+ T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64702. [PMID: 23717651 PMCID: PMC3661524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evaluation of immune reconstitution and health status during HIV-1 infection and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is largely based on CD4+ T cell counts and viral load, measures that fail to take into account the CD8+ T cell subset, known to show features of accelerated aging in HIV disease. Here, we compare adenosine deaminase (ADA), glucose uptake receptor 1 (GLUT1), and leucine-rich repeat neuronal 3 (LRRN3) to CD38 expression and telomerase activity, two strong predictors of HIV disease progression. Our analysis revealed that reduced ADA, telomerase activity and LRRN3 gene expression were significantly associated with high CD38 and HLA-DR in CD8+ T cells, with % ADA+ cells being the most robust predictor of CD8+ T cell activation. Our results suggest that ADA, LRRN3 and telomerase activity in CD8+ T cells may serve as novel, clinically relevant biomarkers of immune status in HIV-1 infection, specifically by demonstrating the degree to which CD8+ T cells have progressed to the end stage of replicative senescence. Since chronological aging itself leads to the accumulation of senescent CD8+ T cells, the prolonged survival and resultant increased age of the HIV+ population may synergize with the chronic immune activation to exacerbate both immune decline and age-associated pathologies. The identification and future validation of these new biomarkers may lead to fresh immune-based HIV treatments.
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28
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Adenosine deaminase enhances the immunogenicity of human dendritic cells from healthy and HIV-infected individuals. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51287. [PMID: 23240012 PMCID: PMC3519778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADA is an enzyme implicated in purine metabolism, and is critical to ensure normal immune function. Its congenital deficit leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). ADA binding to adenosine receptors on dendritic cell surface enables T-cell costimulation through CD26 crosslinking, which enhances T-cell activation and proliferation. Despite a large body of work on the actions of the ecto-enzyme ADA on T-cell activation, questions arise on whether ADA can also modulate dendritic cell maturation. To this end we investigated the effects of ADA on human monocyte derived dendritic cell biology. Our results show that both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of ADA are implicated in the enhancement of CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40 and CCR7 expression on immature dendritic cells from healthy and HIV-infected individuals. These ADA-mediated increases in CD83 and costimulatory molecule expression is concomitant to an enhanced IL-12, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8(IL-8), CCL3(MIP1-α), CCL4(MIP-1β) and CCL5(RANTES) cytokine/chemokine secretion both in healthy and HIV-infected individuals and to an altered apoptotic death in cells from HIV-infected individuals. Consistently, ADA-mediated actions on iDCs are able to enhance allogeneic CD4 and CD8-T-cell proliferation, globally yielding increased iDC immunogenicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADA would promote enhanced and correctly polarized T-cell responses in strategies targeting asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals.
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Hesdorffer CS, Malchinkhuu E, Biragyn A, Mabrouk OS, Kennedy RT, Madara K, Taub DD, Longo DL, Schwartz JB, Ferrucci L, Goetzl EJ. Distinctive immunoregulatory effects of adenosine on T cells of older humans. FASEB J 2011; 26:1301-10. [PMID: 22121051 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-197046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A role for adenosine in immunosenescence was investigated in T cells from older (≥65 yr) and younger (24-45 yr) healthy humans. Adenosine concentrations in cultures of activated T cells were significantly higher (P<0.0001) for older (145±47 nM, mean±sd) than younger (58±5.5 nM) subjects. Expression of the activation coreceptor CD28 was suppressed significantly by 0.1 to 1 μM exogenous adenosine, with greater effects of 1 μM (P<0.01) on T cells of younger (mean suppression of 67 and 65% for CD4 and CD8 T cells, respectively) than older (means of 42 and 46%) subjects. T-cell chemotaxis to CCL21 was suppressed significantly by 0.3 and 1 μM exogenous adenosine, with mean maximum decreases of 39 and 49%, respectively, for younger subjects and 28 and 31% for older subjects. Generation of IL-2 and IFN-γ by T cells of younger and older subjects was suppressed substantially only at adenosine levels of 3 μM or higher. Lower baseline expression of CD28 and chemotaxis to CCL21 and S1P for T cells from older subjects attributable to endogenous adenosine were reversed completely by two different A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists without affecting T cells of younger subjects. Adenosine is an endogenous T-cell immunosuppressor in older humans, and A(2A) antagonists reverse adenosine-induced T-cell deficiencies of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Hesdorffer
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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30
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Foster AD, Sivarapatna A, Gress RE. The aging immune system and its relationship with cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 7:707-718. [PMID: 22121388 DOI: 10.2217/ahe.11.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of most common cancers increases with age. This occurs in association with, and is possibly caused by a decline in immune function, termed immune senescence. Although the size of the T-cell compartment is quantitatively maintained into older age, several deleterious changes (including significant changes to T-cell subsets) occur over time that significantly impair immunity. This article highlights some of the recent findings regarding the aging immune system, with an emphasis on the T-cell compartment and its role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Foster
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), Experimental Transplantation & Immunology Branch (ETIB), 10 Center Dr. 10 CRC, 3-3330 Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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31
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Age- and gender-specific epistasis between ADA and TNF-α influences human life-expectancy. Cytokine 2011; 56:481-8. [PMID: 21865054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenotype with multiple determinants but a strong genetic component significantly impacts on survival to extreme ages. The dysregulation of immune responses occurring with increasing age is believed to contribute to human morbidity and mortality. Conversely, some genetic determinants of successful aging might reside in those polymorphisms for the immune system genes regulating immune responses. Here we examined the main effects of single loci and multi-locus interactions to test the hypothesis that the adenosine deaminase (ADA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) genes may influence human life-expectancy. ADA (22G>A, rs73598374) and TNF-α (-308G>A, rs1800629; -238G>A, rs361525) functional SNPs have been determined for 1071 unrelated healthy individuals from Central Italy (18-106 years old) divided into three gender-specific age classes defined according to demographic information and accounting for the different survivals between sexes: for men (women), the first class consists of individuals<66 years old (<73 years old), the second class of individuals 66-88 years old (73-91 years old), and the third class of individuals>88 years old (>91 years old). Single-locus analysis showed that only ADA 22G>A is significantly associated with human life-expectancy in males (comparison 1 (age class 2 vs. age class 1), O.R. 1.943, P=0.036; comparison 2 (age class 3 vs. age class 2), O.R. 0.320, P=0.0056). Age- and gender-specific patterns of epistasis between ADA and TNF-α were found using Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR). In comparison 1, a significant two-loci interaction occurs in females between ADA 22G>A and TNF-α -238G>A (Sign Test P=0.011). In comparison 2, both two-loci and three-loci interaction are significant associated with increased life-expectancy over 88 years in males. In conclusion, we report that a combination of functional SNPs within ADA and TNF-α genes can influence life-expectancy in a gender-specific manner and that males and females follow different pathways to attain longevity.
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32
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Drygiannakis I, Ernst PB, Lowe D, Glomski IJ. Immunological alterations mediated by adenosine during host-microbial interactions. Immunol Res 2011; 50:69-77. [PMID: 21479929 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-011-8207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine accumulates in inflammation and ischemia but it is more than an end-product of ATP catabolism. Signaling through different receptors with distinct, cell-specific cytoplasmic pathways, adenosine is now recognized as an inducible switch that regulates the immune system. By acting through the A(2A)AR, adenosine shapes T cell function, largely by conferring an anti-inflammatory tone on effector Th cells (Teff) and natural killer (NK)T cells. In contrast, both the A(2A)AR and A(2B)AR are expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APC) which have been shown to regulate innate responses and the transition to adaptive immunity. There is also emerging evidence that adenosine production is one mechanism that allows some pathogens as well as neoplasms to evade host defenses. This review discusses the immunoregulatory functions of adenosine and some of the interactions it may have in regulating host-microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22908-0708, USA
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33
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Zimmerman M, Yang D, Hu X, Liu F, Singh N, Browning D, Ganapathy V, Chandler P, Choubey D, Abrams SI, Liu K. IFN-γ upregulates survivin and Ifi202 expression to induce survival and proliferation of tumor-specific T cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14076. [PMID: 21124930 PMCID: PMC2989915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common procedure in human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) adoptive transfer immunotherapy is to expand tumor-specific CTLs ex vivo using CD3 mAb prior to transfer. One of the major obstacles of CTL adoptive immunotherapy is a lack of CTL persistence in the tumor-bearing host after transfer. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of stimulation conditions on proliferation and survival of tumor-specific CTLs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Tumor-specific CTLs were stimulated with either CD3 mAb or cognate Ag and analyzed for their proliferation and survival ex vivo and persistence in tumor-bearing mice. Although both Ag and CD3 mAb effectively induced the cytotoxic effecter molecules of the CTLs, we observed that Ag stimulation is essential for sustained CTL proliferation and survival. Further analysis revealed that Ag stimulation leads to greater proliferation rates and less apoptosis than CD3 mAb stimulation. Re-stimulation of the CD3 mAb-stimulated CTLs with Ag resulted in restored CTL proliferative potential, suggesting that CD3 mAb-induced loss of proliferative potential is reversible. Using DNA microarray technology, we identified that survivin and ifi202, two genes with known functions in T cell apoptosis and proliferation, are differentially induced between Ag- and CD3 mAb-stimulated CTLs. Analysis of the IFN-γ signaling pathway activation revealed that Ag stimulation resulted in rapid phosphorylation of STAT1 (pSTAT1), whereas CD3 mAb stimulation failed to activate STAT1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that pSTAT1 is associated with the promoters of both survivin and ifi202 in T cells and electrophoresis mobility shift assay indicated that pSTAT1 directly binds to the gamma activation sequence element in the survivin and ifi202 promoters. Finally, silencing ifi202 expression significantly decreased T cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings delineate a new role of the IFN-γ signaling pathway in regulating T cell proliferation and apoptosis through upregulating survivin and ifi202 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Survivin
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Zimmerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Darren Browning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Phillip Chandler
- Immunotherapy Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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34
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Parish ST, Wu JE, Effros RB. Sustained CD28 expression delays multiple features of replicative senescence in human CD8 T lymphocytes. J Clin Immunol 2010; 30:798-805. [PMID: 20721608 PMCID: PMC2970803 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-010-9449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CD28 costimulatory signal transduction in T lymphocytes is essential for optimal telomerase activity, stabilization of cytokine mRNAs, and glucose metabolism. During aging and chronic infection with HIV-1, there are increased proportions of CD8 T lymphocytes that lack CD28 expression and show additional features of replicative senescence. Moreover, the abundance of these cells correlates with decreased vaccine responsiveness, early mortality in the very old, and accelerated HIV disease progression. Here, we show that sustained expression of CD28, via gene transduction, retards the process of replicative senescence, as evidenced by enhanced telomerase activity, increased overall proliferative potential, and reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nevertheless, the transduced cultures eventually do reach senescence, which is associated with increased CTLA-4 gene expression and a loss of CD28 cell surface expression. These findings further elucidate the central role of CD28 in the replicative senescence program, and may ultimately lead to novel therapies for diseases associated with replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley T. Parish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jennifer E. Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Rita B. Effros
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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