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Wang S, Xu Y, Wang L, Lin J, Xu C, Zhao X, Zhang H. TolDC Restores the Balance of Th17/Treg via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Attenuate Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1546-1555. [PMID: 38431309 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDCs) have been evidenced to trigger regulatory T cell's (Treg's) differentiation and be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in the differentiation of TolDCs, although the mechanism remains vague. This study aimed to evaluate the role of AhR in TolDCs formation, which may affect Th17/Treg balance in CD. METHODS Colon biopsy specimens were obtained from healthy controls and patients with CD. Wild type (WT) and AhR-/- mice were induced colitis by drinking dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) with or without 6-formylindolo 3,2-b carbazole (FICZ) treatment. Wild type and AhR-/- bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) were cultured under TolDCs polarization condition. Ratios of DCs surface markers were determined by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-10. Tolerogenic dendritic cells differentiated from BMDCs of WT or AhR-/- mice were adoptively transferred to DSS-induced WT colitis mice. RESULTS Patients with CD showed less AhR expression and activation in their inflamed colon regions. Compared with WT mice, AhR-/- mice experienced more severe colitis. Tolerogenic dendritic cells and Tregs were both decreased in the colon of AhR-/- colitis mice, while Th17 cells were upregulated. In vitro, compared with WT DCs, AhR-deficient DCs led to less TolDC formation. Furthermore, intestinal inflammation in WT colitis mice, which transferred with AhR-/- TolDCs, showed no obvious improvement compared with those transferred with WT TolDCs, as evidenced by no rescues of Th17/Treg balance. CONCLUSIONS Activation of AhR attenuates experimental colitis by modulating the balance of TolDCs and Th17/Treg. The AhR modulation of TolDCs may be a viable therapeutic approach for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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McBride DA, Wang JS, Johnson WT, Bottini N, Shah NJ. ABCD of IA: A multi-scale agent-based model of T cell activation in inflammatory arthritis. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2041-2056. [PMID: 38349277 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterial-based agents have been demonstrated to regulate the function of immune cells in models of autoimmunity. However, the complexity of the kinetics of immune cell activation can present a challenge in optimizing the dose and frequency of administration. Here, we report a model of autoreactive T cell activation, which are key drivers in autoimmune inflammatory joint disease. The model is termed a multi-scale Agent-Based, Cell-Driven model of Inflammatory Arthritis (ABCD of IA). Using kinetic rate equations and statistical theory, ABCD of IA simulated the activation and presentation of autoantigens by dendritic cells, interactions with cognate T cells and subsequent T cell proliferation in the lymph node and IA-affected joints. The results, validated with in vivo data from the T cell driven SKG mouse model, showed that T cell proliferation strongly correlated with the T cell receptor (TCR) affinity distribution (TCR-ad), with a clear transition state from homeostasis to an inflammatory state. T cell proliferation was strongly dependent on the amount of antigen in antigenic stimulus event (ASE) at low concentrations. On the other hand, inflammation driven by Th17-inducing cytokine mediated T cell phenotype commitment was influenced by the initial level of Th17-inducing cytokines independent of the amount of arthritogenic antigen. The introduction of inhibitory artificial antigen presenting cells (iaAPCs), which locally suppress T cell activation, reduced T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The findings in this work set up a framework based on theory and modeling to simulate personalized therapeutic strategies in IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A McBride
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - James S Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Wade T Johnson
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Kao Autoimmunity Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nisarg J Shah
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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Yamada S, Nagafuchi Y, Fujio K. Pathophysiology and stratification of treatment-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Med 2024; 47:12-23. [PMID: 37462450 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2023.2235734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention are clinical challenges of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially for treatment-resistant or difficult-to-treat patients. Little is known about the immunological mechanisms involved in refractory RA. In this review, we summarize previous research findings on the immunological mechanisms of treatment-resistant RA. Genetic prediction of treatment-resistant RA is challenging. Patients with and without anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies are considered part of distinct subgroups, especially regarding long-term clinical prognosis and treatment responses. B cells, T cells and other immune cells and fibroblasts are of pathophysiological importance and are associated with treatment responses. Finally, we propose a new hypothesis that stratifies patients with RA into two subgroups with distinct immunological pathologies based on our recent immunomics analysis of RA. One RA subgroup with a favorable prognosis is characterized by increased interferon signaling. Another subgroup with a worse prognosis is characterized by enhanced acquired immune responses. Increases in dendritic cell precursors and diversified autoreactive anti-modified protein antibodies may have pathophysiological roles, especially in the latter subgroup. These findings that improve treatment response predictions might contribute to future precision medicine for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yamada
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Johnson WT, McBride D, Kerr M, Nguyen A, Zoccheddu M, Bollmann M, Wei X, Jones RM, Wang W, Svensson MND, Bottini N, Shah NJ. Immunomodulatory Nanoparticles for Modulating Arthritis Flares. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1892-1906. [PMID: 38016062 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Disease-modifying drugs have improved the treatment for autoimmune joint disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but inflammatory flares are a common experience. This work reports the development and application of flare-modulating poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-maleimide (PLGA-PEG-MAL)-based nanoparticles conjugated with joint-relevant peptide antigens, aggrecan70-84 and type 2 bovine collagen256-270. Peptide-conjugated PLGA-PEG-MAL nanoparticles encapsulated calcitriol, which acted as an immunoregulatory agent, and were termed calcitriol-loaded nanoparticles (CLNP). CLNP had a ∼200 nm hydrodynamic diameter with a low polydispersity index. In vitro, CLNP induced phenotypic changes in bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DC), reducing the expression of costimulatory and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, and proinflammatory cytokines. Bulk RNA sequencing of DC showed that CLNP enhanced expression of Ctla4, a gene associated with downregulation of immune responses. In vivo, CLNP accumulated in the proximal lymph nodes after intramuscular injection. Administration of CLNP was not associated with changes in peripheral blood cell numbers or cytokine levels. In the collagen-induced arthritis and SKG mouse models of autoimmune joint disorders, CLNP reduced clinical scores, prevented bone erosion, and preserved cartilage proteoglycan, as assessed by high-resolution microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry analysis. The disease protective effects were associated with increased CTLA-4 expression in joint-localized DC and CD4+ T cells but without generalized suppression of T cell-dependent immune response. The results support the potential of CLNP as modulators of disease flares in autoimmune arthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade T Johnson
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - David McBride
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Matthew Kerr
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anders Nguyen
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden
| | - Martina Zoccheddu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Miriam Bollmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden
| | - Xiaofu Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ryan M Jones
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mattias N D Svensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Kao Autoimmunity Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Nisarg J Shah
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Meghil MM, Cutler CW. Influence of Vitamin D on Periodontal Inflammation: A Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:1180. [PMID: 37764988 PMCID: PMC10537363 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D is the hormonally active 1,25(OH)2D3 (Vit D) vitamin, which plays an important role in bone biology and host immunity. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear ligand-dependent transcription factor expressed by many cells. Ligation of VDR by VitD regulates a wide plethora of genes and physiologic functions through the formation of the complex Vit D-VDR signaling cascade. The influence of Vit D-VDR signaling in host immune response to microbial infection has been of interest to many researchers. This is particularly important in oral health and diseases, as oral mucosa is exposed to a complex microbiota, with certain species capable of causing disruption to immune homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the immune modulatory roles of Vit D in the bone degenerative oral disease, periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Meghil
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Christopher W. Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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6
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Elsayed R, Elashiry M, Tran C, Yang T, Carroll A, Liu Y, Hamrick M, Cutler CW. Engineered Human Dendritic Cell Exosomes as Effective Delivery System for Immune Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11306. [PMID: 37511064 PMCID: PMC10379002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (exos) contain molecular cargo of therapeutic and diagnostic value for cancers and other inflammatory diseases, but their therapeutic potential for periodontitis (PD) remains unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the directors of immune response and have been extensively used in immune therapy. We previously reported in a mouse model of PD that custom murine DC-derived exo subtypes could reprogram the immune response toward a bone-sparing or bone-loss phenotype, depending on immune profile. Further advancement of this technology requires the testing of human DC-based exos with human target cells. Our main objective in this study is to test the hypothesis that human monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MoDC)-derived exos constitute a well-tolerated and effective immune therapeutic approach to modulate human target DC and T cell immune responses in vitro. MoDC subtypes were generated with TGFb/IL-10 (regulatory (reg) MoDCs, CD86lowHLA-DRlowPDL1high), E. coli LPS (stimulatory (stim) MoDCs, CD86highHLA-DRhighPDL1low) and buffer (immature (i) MoDCs, CD86lowHLA-DRmedPDL1low). Exosomes were isolated from different MoDC subtypes and characterized. Once released from the secreting cell into the surrounding environment, exosomes protect their prepackaged molecular cargo and deliver it to bystander cells. This modulates the functions of these cells, depending on the cargo content. RegMoDCexos were internalized by recipient MoDCs and induced upregulation of PDL1 and downregulation of costimulatory molecules CD86, HLADR, and CD80, while stimMoDCexos had the opposite influence. RegMoDCexos induced CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs, which expressed CTLA4 and PD1 but not IL-17A. In contrast, T cells treated with stimMoDCexos induced IL-17A+ Th17 T cells, which were negative for immunoregulatory CTLA4 and PD1. T cells and DCs treated with iMoDCexos were immune 'neutral', equivalent to controls. In conclusion, human DC exos present an effective delivery system to modulate human DC and T cell immune responses in vitro. Thus, MoDC exos may present a viable immunotherapeutic agent for modulating immune response in the gingival tissue to inhibit bone loss in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya Elsayed
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elashiry
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Cathy Tran
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Tigerwin Yang
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Angelica Carroll
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Christopher W. Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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7
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Suwa Y, Nagafuchi Y, Yamada S, Fujio K. The role of dendritic cells and their immunometabolism in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161148. [PMID: 37251399 PMCID: PMC10213288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis and joint destruction. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) with professional antigen-presenting functions are enriched in the RA synovium. In the synovium, the cDCs are activated and show both enhanced migratory capacities and T cell activation in comparison with peripheral blood cDCs. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, another subtype of DCs capable of type I interferon production, are likely to be tolerogenic in RA. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), once called "inflammatory DCs", are localized in the RA synovium, and they induce T-helper 17 cell expansion and enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production. Recent studies revealed that synovial proinflammatory hypoxic environments are linked to metabolic reprogramming. Activation of cDCs in the RA synovium is accompanied by enhanced glycolysis and anabolism. In sharp contrast, promoting catabolism can induce tolerogenic DCs from monocytes. Herein, we review recent studies that address the roles of DCs and their immunometabolic features in RA. Immunometabolism of DCs could be a potential therapeutic target in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Suwa
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeko Yamada
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Malcolm J, Nyirenda MH, Brown JL, Adrados-Planell A, Campbell L, Butcher JP, Glass DG, Piela K, Goodyear CS, Wright AJ, McInnes IB, Millington OR, Culshaw S. C-terminal citrullinated peptide alters antigen-specific APC:T cell interactions leading to breach of immune tolerance. J Autoimmun 2023; 135:102994. [PMID: 36706535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis, the emergence of anti-citrullinated autoimmunity is associated with HLA-antigen-T cell receptor complexes. The precise mechanisms underpinning this breach of tolerance are not well understood. Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses an enzyme capable of non-endogenous C-terminal citrullination with potential to generate citrullinated autoantigens. Here we document how C-terminal citrullination of ovalbumin peptide323-339 alters the interaction between antigen-presenting cells and OTII T cells to induce functional changes in responding T cells. These data reveal that C-terminal citrullination is sufficient to breach T cell peripheral tolerance in vivo and reveal the potential of C-terminal citrullination to lower the threshold for T cell activation. Finally, we demonstrate a role for the IL-2/STAT5/CD25 signalling axis in breach of tolerance. Together, our data identify a tractable mechanism and targetable pathways underpinning breach of tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis and provide new conceptual insight into the origins of anti-citrullinated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malcolm
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - M H Nyirenda
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Research Into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Universities of Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle and Oxford, UK
| | - J L Brown
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Adrados-Planell
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avda Cataluña 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Campbell
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Butcher
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - D G Glass
- Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - K Piela
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - C S Goodyear
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Research Into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Universities of Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle and Oxford, UK
| | - A J Wright
- Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - I B McInnes
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O R Millington
- Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Meehan GR, Thomas R, Al Khabouri S, Wehr P, Hilkens CM, Wraith DC, Sieghart D, Bonelli M, Nagy G, Garside P, Tough DF, Lewis HD, Brewer JM. Preclinical models of arthritis for studying immunotherapy and immune tolerance. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1268-1277. [PMID: 34380700 PMCID: PMC8458054 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly earlier identification of individuals at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (eg, with autoantibodies and mild symptoms) improves the feasibility of preventing or curing disease. The use of antigen-specific immunotherapies to reinstate immunological self-tolerance represent a highly attractive strategy due to their potential to induce disease resolution, in contrast to existing approaches that require long-term treatment of underlying symptoms. Preclinical animal models have been used to understand disease mechanisms and to evaluate novel immunotherapeutic approaches. However, models are required to understand critical processes supporting disease development such as the breach of self-tolerance that triggers autoimmunity and the progression from asymptomatic autoimmunity to joint pain and bone loss. These models would also be useful in evaluating the response to treatment in the pre-RA period. This review proposes that focusing on immune processes contributing to initial disease induction rather than end-stage pathological consequences is essential to allow development and evaluation of novel immunotherapies for early intervention. We will describe and critique existing models in arthritis and the broader field of autoimmunity that may fulfil these criteria. We will also identify key gaps in our ability to study these processes in animal models, to highlight where further research should be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Meehan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shaima Al Khabouri
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pascale Wehr
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catharien Mu Hilkens
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David C Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniela Sieghart
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David F Tough
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Huw D Lewis
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - James M Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Al Khabouri S, Benson RA, Prendergast CT, Gray JI, Otto TD, Brewer JM, Garside P. TCRβ Sequencing Reveals Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Clonal CD4 T Cell Responses in a Breach of Tolerance Model of Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669856. [PMID: 33986757 PMCID: PMC8110912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective tolerogenic intervention in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) will rely upon understanding the evolution of articular antigen specific CD4 T cell responses. TCR clonality of endogenous CD4 T cell infiltrates in early inflammatory arthritis was assessed to monitor evolution of the TCR repertoire in the inflamed joint and associated lymph node (LN). Mouse models of antigen-induced breach of self-tolerance and chronic polyarthritis were used to recapitulate early and late phases of RA. The infiltrating endogenous, antigen experienced CD4 T cells in inflamed joints and LNs were analysed using flow cytometry and TCRβ sequencing. TCR repertoires from inflamed late phase LNs displayed increased clonality and diversity compared to early phase LNs, while inflamed joints remained similar with time. Repertoires from late phase LNs accumulated clones with a diverse range of TRBV genes, while inflamed joints at both phases contained clones expressing similar TRBV genes. Repertoires from LNs and joints at the late phase displayed reduced CDR3β sequence overlap compared to the early disease phase, however the most abundant clones in LNs accumulate in the joint at the later phase. The results indicate CD4 T cell repertoire clonality and diversity broadens with progression of inflammatory arthritis and is first reflected in LNs before mirroring in the joint. These observations imply that antigen specific tolerogenic therapies could be more effective if targeted at earlier phases of disease when CD4 T cell clonality is least diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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11
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Lin SC, Lin CC, Li S, Lin WY, Lehman CW, Bracci NR, Tsai SW. Alleviation of Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Crotonoside through Modulation of Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Activation. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111535. [PMID: 33182776 PMCID: PMC7698099 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Crotonoside, a guanosine analog originally isolated from Croton tiglium, is reported to be a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor with immunosuppressive effects on immune cells. Due to its potential immunotherapeutic effects, we aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of crotonoside and explore its immunomodulatory properties in alleviating the severity of arthritic symptoms. To this end, we implemented the treatment of crotonoside on collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) DBA/1 mice and investigated its underlying mechanisms towards pathogenic dendritic cells (DCs). Our results suggest that crotonoside treatment remarkably improved clinical arthritic symptoms in this CIA mouse model as indicated by decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the serum and suppressed expression of co-stimulatory molecules, CD40, CD80, and MHC class II, on CD11c+ DCs from the CIA mouse spleens. Additionally, crotonoside treatment significantly reduced the infiltration of CD11c+ DCs into the synovial tissues. Our in vitro study further demonstrated that bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) exhibited lower yield in numbers and expressed lower levels of CD40, CD80, and MHC-II when incubated with crotonoside. Furthermore, LPS-stimulated mature DCs exhibited limited capability to prime antigen-specific CD4+ and T-cell proliferation, cytokine secretions, and co-stimulatory molecule expressions when treated with crotonoside. Our pioneer study highlights the immunotherapeutic role of crotonoside in the alleviation of the CIA via modulation of pathogenic DCs, thus creating possible applications of crotonoside as an immunosuppressive agent that could be utilized and further explored in treating autoimmune disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chao Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei 438000, China;
| | - Wan-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Caitlin W. Lehman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24063, USA; (C.W.L.); (N.R.B.)
| | - Nicole R. Bracci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24063, USA; (C.W.L.); (N.R.B.)
| | - Sen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Ramos MI, Garcia S, Helder B, Aarrass S, Reedquist KA, Jacobsen SE, Tak PP, Lebre MC. cDC1 are required for the initiation of collagen-induced arthritis. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 3:100066. [PMID: 33015599 PMCID: PMC7522802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic autoimmune disease which etiology remains unknown. Several cell types have been described to potentiate/aggravate the arthritic process however the initiating event in synovial inflammation is still elusive. Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the initiation of primary immune responses and thus we hypothesized that these cells might be crucial for RA induction. DCs are a heterogeneous population of cells comprising different subsets with distinct phenotype and function. Here we investigated which DC subset(s) is/are crucial for the initiation of the arthritic process. We have previously demonstrated that Flt3−/− mice, with reduced DCs, were protected from collagen induced arthritis (CIA). Here we have shown that GM-CSF derived DCs in Flt3L−/− mice are functional but not sufficient to induce arthritis. Batf3−/− mice lacking both CD103+ and CD8α+ cDC1 were resistant to collagen induced arthritis (CIA), demonstrating that this DC subset is crucial for arthritis development. CEP-701 (a Flt3L inhibitor) treatment prevented CIA induction, and reduced dramatically the numbers CD103+ cDC1s present in the lymph nodes and synovium. Hence this study identified cDC1 as the main subset orchestrating the initiation of cell-mediated immunity in arthritis. Flt3L independent DCs present in Flt3L−/− mice are functional but are not sufficient to induce arthritis. BATF3−/− mice lacking cDC1 are protected from arthritis development indicating that cDC1 are necessary for disease induction. Treatment with a Flt3L inhibitor, CEP701, reduced cDC1 populations and prevented arthritis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ines Ramos
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samuel Garcia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boy Helder
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saida Aarrass
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sten E Jacobsen
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Maria Cristina Lebre
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Teixeira JH, Silva AM, Almeida MI, Bessa-Gonçalves M, Cunha C, Barbosa MA, Santos SG. The Systemic Immune Response to Collagen-Induced Arthritis and the Impact of Bone Injury in Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5436. [PMID: 31683648 PMCID: PMC6862543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease that affects the osteoarticular system, associated with bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Herein, we aimed to characterize the systemic impact of the rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and explore its combination with femoral bone defect (FD). The impact of CIA on endogenous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) was also investigated. CIA induction led to enlarged, more proliferative, spleen and draining lymph nodes, with altered proportion of lymphoid populations. Upon FD, CIA animals increased the systemic myeloid cell proportions, and their expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86. Screening plasma cytokine/chemokine levels showed increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-17, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-12 in CIA, and IL-2 and IL-6 increased in CIA and CIA+FD, while Fractalkine and Leptin were decreased in both groups. CIA-derived MSC showed lower metabolic activity and proliferation, and significantly increased osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation markers. Exposure of control-MSC to TNF-α partially mimicked the CIA-MSC phenotype in vitro. In conclusion, inflammatory conditions of CIA led to alterations in systemic immune cell proportions, circulating mediators, and in endogenous MSC. CIA animals respond to FD, and the combined model can be used to study the mechanisms of bone repair in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José H Teixeira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia M Silva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Inês Almeida
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mafalda Bessa-Gonçalves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Cunha
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana G Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Myeloid Dendritic Cells Are Enriched in Lymph Node Tissue of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients but not in At Risk Individuals. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070756. [PMID: 31330824 PMCID: PMC6679555 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are highly organized structures where specific immune responses are initiated by dendritic cells (DCs). We investigated the frequency and distribution of human myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs) in LNs and blood during the earliest phases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We included 22 RA-risk individuals positive for IgM rheumatoid factor and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, 16 biological-naïve RA patients and 8 healthy controls (HCs). DC subsets (CD1c+ mDCs and CD304+ pDCs) in LN tissue and paired peripheral blood were analyzed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In blood of RA patients a significant decreased frequency of pDCs was found, with a similar trend for mDCs. In contrast, mDC frequencies were higher in RA compared with HCs and RA-risk individuals, especially in LN. Frequency of mDCs seemed higher in LNs compared to paired blood samples in all donors, while pDCs were higher in LNs only in RA patients. As expected, both mDCs and pDCs localized mainly in T-cell areas of LN tissue. In conclusion, compared with RA-risk individuals, mDCs and pDCs were enriched in the LN tissue of early-RA patients, while their frequency in RA-risk individuals was comparable to HCs. This may suggest that other antigen-presenting cells are responsible for initial breaks of tolerance, while mDCs and pDCs are involved in sustaining inflammation.
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15
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Alahdal M, Liangliang J, Shiping L, Yun X, Gao H, Jialei Z, Hassan W, Jin L, Rongyue C. New DiaP277 analogue shifts DCs to tolerogenic, and modulates NF-Kβ1 to suppress autoreactive T lymphocytes in the type 1 diabetic mice. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:210-220. [PMID: 30382756 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1519704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic efficacy of P277 against type 1 diabetes was extensively investigated and clinically evidenced. Clinical trials Phases I and II concluded promising results, while the data of P277 immunogenicity in Phase III trials represented weak responses that led to abolish medical use. But, a therapeutic performance of P277 cannot be forgotten. So, in order to exploit its therapeutic benefits and improve its immunogenicity, we developed a new analogue VP to optimize therapeutic efficacy and enhancing immunosuppressive modulations. However, new analogue was purified, and then used to immunize diabetic NOD mice to investigate antidiabetic effects through modulation of immunological status. So, DCs immune responses, relative TLRs, MyD88, and NF-Kβ1 mRNA expression on DCs and splenocytes under VP effect were tested. Circulating and intracellular cytokines were also evaluated at treated and non-treated mice. Splenic T lymphocytes proliferation (Th1 and Treg cells) were also determined. Results revealed that VP significantly down regulates DCs maturation through TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 pathways. It also shifts DCs to a tolerogenic polarization through NF-Kβ1 pathway that mediates Th1 immunosuppression and enhances iTreg expanding in type1diabetes mice. Meanwhile, we noticed that VP significantly enhances iTreg CD25 + FoxP3+ proliferation. In conclusion, VP showed promising immune potential to modulate immune regulatory responses and shifts DCs to suppress autoreactive Th1 cells which ameliorated immunosuppressive potency in the type1 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alahdal
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China.,b Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Hodeidah University , Al Hudaydah , Yemen
| | - Jing Liangliang
- c Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Lu Shiping
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Xing Yun
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Huashan Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Zhou Jialei
- c Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Waseem Hassan
- c Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China.,d Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS University Islamabad , Lahore Campus
| | - Liang Jin
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Cao Rongyue
- c Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
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16
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Cooles FAH, Anderson AE, Skelton A, Pratt AG, Kurowska-Stolarska MS, McInnes I, Hilkens CMU, Isaacs JD. Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Plasmacytoid and Conventional Dendritic Cells in Early Drug Naïve Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:755. [PMID: 29867920 PMCID: PMC5968398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dendritic cells (DCs) are key orchestrators of immune function. To date, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) researchers have predominantly focused on a potential pathogenic role for CD1c+ DCs. In contrast, CD141+ DCs and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have not been systematically examined, at least in early RA. In established RA, the role of pDCs is ambiguous and, since disease duration and treatment both impact RA pathophysiology, we examined pDCs, and CD1c+ and CD141+ conventional DCs (cDCs), in early, drug-naïve RA (eRA) patients. Methods We analyzed the frequency and phenotype of pDCs, CD1c+, and CD141+ DCs from eRA patients and compared findings with healthy controls. In parallel, we performed transcriptional analysis of >600 immunology-related genes (Nanostring) from peripheral blood pDCs, CD1c+ DCs, B cells, T cells, and monocytes. Results All DC subsets were reduced in eRA (n = 44) compared with healthy controls (n = 30) and, for pDCs, this was most marked in seropositive patients. CD141+ and CD1c+ DCs, but not pDCs, had a comparatively activated phenotype at baseline (increased CD86) and CD1c+ DC frequency inversely associated with disease activity. All DC frequencies remained static 12 months after initiation of immunomodulatory therapy despite a fall in activation markers (e.g., HLA-DR, CD40). There was no association between the whole blood interferon gene signature (IGS) and pDC or CD1c+ DC parameters but an inverse association between CD141+ DC frequency and IGS was noted. Furthermore, IFN-I and IFN-III mRNA transcripts were comparable between eRA pDC and other leukocyte subsets (B cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and monocytes) with no obvious circulating cellular source of IFN-I or IFN-III. Transcriptomic analysis suggested increased pDC and CD1c+ DC proliferation in eRA; pDC differentially expressed genes also suggested enhanced tolerogenic function, whereas for CD1c+ DCs, pro-inflammatory transcripts were upregulated. Discussion This is the first detailed examination of DC subsets in eRA peripheral blood. Compared with CD1c+ DCs, pDCs are less activated and may be skewed toward tolerogenic functions. CD141+ DCs may be implicated in RA pathophysiology. Our findings justify further investigation of early RA DC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye A H Cooles
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Anderson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Skelton
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur G Pratt
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mariola S Kurowska-Stolarska
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Iain McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Catharien M U Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John D Isaacs
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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17
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Prendergast CT, Patakas A, Al-Khabouri S, McIntyre CL, McInnes IB, Brewer JM, Garside P, Benson RA. Visualising the interaction of CD4 T cells and DCs in the evolution of inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:579-588. [PMID: 29358281 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Successful early intervention in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the aim of resetting immunological tolerance requires a clearer understanding of how specificity, cellular kinetics and spatial behaviour shape the evolution of articular T cell responses. We aimed to define initial seeding of articular CD4+ T cell responses in early experimental arthritis, evaluating their dynamic behaviour and interactions with dendritic cells (DCs) in the inflamed articular environment. METHODS Antigen-induced arthritis was used to model articular inflammation. Flow cytometry and PCR of T cell receptor (TCR) diversity genes allowed phenotypic analysis of infiltrating T cells. The dynamic interactions of T cells with joint residing DCs were visualised using intravital multiphoton microscopy. RESULTS Initial recruitment of antigen-specific T cells into the joint was paralleled by accumulation of CD4+ T cells with diverse antigen-receptor expression and ability to produce tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) on mitogenic restimulation. A proportion of this infiltrate demonstrated slower motility speeds and engaged for longer periods with articular DCs in vivo. Abatacept treatment did not disrupt these interactions but did reduce T cell expression of inducible costimulatory (ICOS) molecule. We also demonstrated that non-specific CD4+ T cells could be recruited during these early articular events. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that CD4+ T cells engage with articular DCs supporting antigen specific T cell reactivation. This cellular dialogue can be targeted therapeutically to reduce local T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona T Prendergast
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Agapitos Patakas
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shaima Al-Khabouri
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire L McIntyre
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - James M Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert A Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Ivanova VV, Khaiboullina SF, Gomzikova MO, Martynova EV, Ferreira AM, Garanina EE, Sakhapov DI, Lomakin YA, Khaibullin TI, Granatov EV, Khabirov FA, Rizvanov AA, Gabibov A, Belogurov A. Divergent Immunomodulation Capacity of Individual Myelin Peptides-Components of Liposomal Therapeutic against Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1335. [PMID: 29085375 PMCID: PMC5650689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and consequent neuron injury. Although the pathogenesis of MS is largely unknown, a breach in immune self-tolerance to myelin followed by development of autoreactive encephalitogenic T cells is suggested to play the central role. The myelin basic protein (MBP) is believed to be one of the main targets for autoreactive lymphocytes. Recently, immunodominant MBP peptides encapsulated into the mannosylated liposomes, referred as Xemys, were shown to suppress development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a rodent model of MS, and furthermore passed the initial stage of clinical trials. Here, we investigated the role of individual polypeptide components [MBP peptides 46-62 (GH17), 124-139 (GK16), and 147-170 (QR24)] of this liposomal peptide therapeutic in cytokine release and activation of immune cells from MS patients and healthy donors. The overall effects were assessed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), whereas alterations in antigen-presenting capacities were studied utilizing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Among three MBP-immunodominant peptides, QR24 and GK16 activated leukocytes, while GH17 was characterized by an immunosuppressive effect. Peptides QR24 and GK16 upregulated CD4 over CD8 T cells and induced proliferation of CD25+ cells, whereas GH17 decreased the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio and had limited effects on CD25+ T cells. Accordingly, components of liposomal peptide therapeutic differed in upregulation of cytokines upon addition to PBMCs and pDCs. Peptide QR24 was evidently more effective in upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas GH17 significantly increased production of IL-10 through treated cells. Altogether, these data suggest a complexity of action of the liposomal peptide therapeutic that does not seem to involve simple helper T cells (Th)-shift but rather the rebalancing of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilena V Ivanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana F Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Marina O Gomzikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - André M Ferreira
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Damir I Sakhapov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yakov A Lomakin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander Gabibov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Belogurov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Yu MB, Langridge WHR. The function of myeloid dendritic cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1043-1051. [PMID: 28236220 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that causes joint pain, inflammation, and loss of function. Disease pathogenesis involves activation and proliferation of autoreactive pro-inflammatory effector T cells. While the details of RA onset and progression remain controversial, dendritic cell (DC) numbers dramatically increase in the synovial joint tissues of RA patients. Based on their key functions as antigen-presenting cells and inducers of T cell differentiation, DCs may play an important role in the initiation of joint inflammation. Myeloid DC contributions are likely central to the development of RA, as they are more efficient at antigen presentation in comparison with their closely related cousins, plasmacytoid DCs. Synovial fluid in the joints of RA patients is enriched with pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which may stimulate or result from DC activation. Epidemiological evidence indicates that smoking and periodontal infection are major environmental risk factors for RA development. In this review, factors in the synovial environment that contribute to altered myeloid DC functions in RA and the effects of environmental risk factors on myeloid DCs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Yu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - William H R Langridge
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Abstract
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance in relation to T-cell mediated autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent findings The well established association between major histocompatibility complex class II and RA has led us to understand that T cells, and the adaptive immune response, are important in the pathogenesis of disease. In order for autoimmune disease to develop, there is a breach of tolerance to self antigen and the mechanisms of both central and peripheral tolerance aim to prevent this. Here, we review evidence from mouse models indicating that alterations in T-cell receptor signalling thresholds during thymic selection may be linked to the escape of T cells that mediate autoimmune arthritis. In addition, we summarize the role of dendritic cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in both peripheral and thymic tolerance, and highlight their relevance to what we know about the aetiology of RA. Summary Mechanisms of central tolerance in the thymus and peripheral tolerance are in place to control autoreactive T cells and to prevent the development of autoimmune disease. We anticipate that a better understanding of these mechanisms will lead to the development of better, antigen-specific therapeutics to restore tolerance.
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García-González P, Ubilla-Olguín G, Catalán D, Schinnerling K, Aguillón JC. Tolerogenic dendritic cells for reprogramming of lymphocyte responses in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1071-1080. [PMID: 27485011 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) control immune responses by driving potent inflammatory actions against external and internal threats while generating tolerance to self and harmless components. This duality and their potential to reprogram immune responses in an antigen-specific fashion have made them an interesting target for immunotherapeutic strategies to control autoimmune diseases. Several protocols have been described for in vitro generation of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) capable of modulating adaptive immune responses and restoring tolerance through different mechanisms that involve anergy, generation of regulatory lymphocyte populations, or deletion of potentially harmful inflammatory T cell subsets. Recently, the capacity of tolDCs to induce interleukin (IL-10)-secreting regulatory B cells has been demonstrated. In vitro assays and rodent models of autoimmune diseases provide insights to the molecular regulators and pathways enabling tolDCs to control immune responses. Here we review mechanisms through which tolDCs modulate adaptive immune responses, particularly focusing on their suitability for reprogramming autoreactive CD4+ effector T cells. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings establishing that tolDCs also modulate B cell populations and discuss clinical trials applying tolDCs to patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina García-González
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Ubilla-Olguín
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Catalán
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Katina Schinnerling
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pose an increasing, worldwide economic and health burden. Significantly, no cure exists for the majority of autoimmune diseases and consequently treatment is largely aimed at controlling disease symptoms. Therefore, there exists a critical need to develop new approaches that directly address the cause of disease, leading to disease remission and ultimately cure. RECENT FINDINGS The organs, cells and molecules involved in the breach of self-tolerance have been partially defined in experimental models of autoimmunity. However, the broad applicability of this dogma in clinical disease is only partially understood. This gap between analyses of established disease and investigating early disease pathogenesis argues for the need for complementary studies in mice and humans. SUMMARY Through a combination of clinical and experimental systems, novel autoantigens and neoepitopes involved in RA have been revealed. These have clear utility in predisease diagnosis and offer the possibility of antigen-specific immunotherapy. Ongoing experimental and clinical studies, for example using dendritic cell transfer, will facilitate a clearer understanding of the molecules, cells and organs that should be targeted to reinstate immunological tolerance. Antigen-specific immunotherapy therefore offers disease intervention without broad immunosuppression, and most importantly increases the likelihood of achieving true disease remission and cure.
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Nelson PN, Roden D, Nevill A, Freimanis GL, Trela M, Ejtehadi HD, Bowman S, Axford J, Veitch AM, Tugnet N, Rylance PB. Rheumatoid Arthritis is Associated with IgG Antibodies to Human Endogenous Retrovirus Gag Matrix: A Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of Disease? J Rheumatol 2014; 41:1952-60. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-K10 has been implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A secondary immune response to this virus might suggest an antigen-driven response in patients. The Gag region of HERV-K10 could provide a key epitope important for immunological reactivity. We investigated the presence of IgG antibodies to this region and assessed its significance in RA.Methods.We determined an antigenic peptide on the matrix segment of HERV-K10 and developed an ELISA system to detect IgG antibodies in patients with RA and controls. The presence of antibodies to the matrix peptide (denoted as MAG1: RIGKELKQAGRKGNI) was correlated with patient details.Results.On screening patients’ serum, we found a significantly higher mean IgG antibody response to MAG1 in 30 patients with RA as compared to 23 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.003), 29 patients with osteoarthritis (p = 0.001), and 43 healthy individuals (p = 0.002). Reactivity was not observed to a control peptide possessing a nonhomologous amino acid sequence. On evaluating clinical details with serological activity, no correlation with disease duration (p = 0.128), sex (p = 0.768), or rheumatoid factor status (p = 0.576) was found.Conclusion.A significantly elevated IgG antibody response to an HERV-K10 Gag matrix peptide was observed in patients with RA, suggesting that the exposure of HERV-K10 may cause a secondary, antigenic driven immune response in RA.
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Platt AM, Benson RA, McQueenie R, Butcher JP, Braddock M, Brewer JM, McInnes IB, Garside P. The active metabolite of spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor fostamatinib abrogates the CD4+ T cell-priming capacity of dendritic cells. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:169-77. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Hopp AK, Rupp A, Lukacs-Kornek V. Self-antigen presentation by dendritic cells in autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:55. [PMID: 24592266 PMCID: PMC3923158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The operation of both central and peripheral tolerance ensures the prevention of autoimmune diseases. The maintenance of peripheral tolerance requires self-antigen presentation by professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered as major APCs involved in this process. The current review discusses the role of DCs in autoimmune diseases, the various factors involved in the induction and maintenance of tolerogenic DC phenotype, and pinpoints their therapeutic capacity as well as potential novel targets for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Anne Rupp
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
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Ramos MIP, Karpus ON, Broekstra P, Aarrass S, Jacobsen SE, Tak PP, Lebre MC. Absence of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) signalling protects against collagen-induced arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:211-9. [PMID: 24064002 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comprehending the mechanisms that regulate activation of autoreactive T cells and B cell antibody production is fundamental for understanding the breakdown in self-tolerance and development of autoimmunity. Here we studied the role of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) signalling in the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS CIA was induced in mice lacking Flt3L (Flt3L(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) littermates (C57/BL6, 8-10 weeks old). Mice were killed in the initial phase (acute phase: experiment 1) and late phase (chronic phase: experiment 2) of the disease. Arthritis severity was assessed using a semiquantitative scoring system (0-4), and histological analysis of cellular infiltration, cartilage destruction and peptidoglycan loss was performed. Phenotypic and functional analysis of T and B cells, FoxP3 expression, activation and lymphocyte costimulatory markers, and cytokine production were performed ex vivo by flow cytometry in lymph nodes. Serum collagen type II (CII)-specific antibodies were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Flt3L(-/-) mice showed a marked decrease in clinical arthritis scores and incidence of arthritis in both acute and chronic phases of CIA compared with WT mice. Moreover, decreased synovial inflammation and joint destruction was observed. Both the magnitude and quality of T cell responses were altered in Flt3L(-/-). In the acute phase, the amount of CII-specific IgG2a antibodies was lower in Flt3L(-/-) than WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest a role for Flt3L signalling in the development of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I P Ramos
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O N Karpus
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Broekstra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Aarrass
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S E Jacobsen
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P P Tak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands University of Cambridge, UK and GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - M C Lebre
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Patakas A, Benson RA, Withers DR, Conigliaro P, McInnes IB, Brewer JM, Garside P. Th17 effector cells support B cell responses outside of germinal centres. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49715. [PMID: 23166752 PMCID: PMC3500323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are pro-inflammatory CD4⁺T cells, which are important in immune responses against fungal pathogens and extracellular bacteria and have also been implicated in various autoimmune syndromes. However, their role in supporting B cell responses in these scenarios remains unclear, representing a significant lapse in our understanding of the role Th17 play in vaccine responses and the regulation of autoimmunity. We employed T cell and B cell receptor transgenic mice specific for model antigens, and adoptive transfer approaches that allowed the tracking of cognate B and T cells in situ and ex vivo using immunological methods. We have found that T cells activated under Th17 polarising conditions have a greater capacity to provide cognate B cell help compared with Th1 polarised populations, supporting higher expansion of antigen specific B cells and enhanced antibody titres. This advantage is associated with the increased persistence of Th17 polarised cells in areas of the lymph nodes where they can provide help (i.e. the B cell follicles). Also the Th17 cells are characterised by their higher expression of ICOS, a costimulatory molecule important for B cell help. Surprisingly, contrary to published reports, Th17 cells were not detected inside germinal centres, although they were found in close proximity to cognate B cells in the follicle early in the genesis of the humoral immune response. These data indicate that, Th17 cells have a more significant role earlier in the initiation/development of the germinal centre response and/or germinal centre-independent events, consistent with their early effector status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agapitos Patakas
- Institute of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Hutchison S, Benson RA, Gibson VB, Pollock AH, Garside P, Brewer JM. Antigen depot is not required for alum adjuvanticity. FASEB J 2011; 26:1272-9. [PMID: 22106367 PMCID: PMC3289510 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-184556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alum adjuvants have been in continuous clinical use for more than 80 yr. While the prevailing theory has been that depot formation and the associated slow release of antigen and/or inflammation are responsible for alum enhancement of antigen presentation and subsequent T- and B-cell responses, this has never been formally proven. To examine antigen persistence, we used the chimeric fluorescent protein EαGFP, which allows assessment of antigen presentation in situ, using the Y-Ae antibody. We demonstrate that alum and/or CpG adjuvants induced similar uptake of antigen, and in all cases, GFP signal did not persist beyond 24 h in draining lymph node antigen-presenting cells. Antigen presentation was first detectable on B cells within 6–12 h of antigen administration, followed by conventional dendritic cells (DCs) at 12–24 h, then finally plasmacytoid DCs at 48 h or later. Again, alum and/or CpG adjuvants did not have an effect on the magnitude or sequence of this response; furthermore, they induced similar antigen-specific T-cell activation in vivo. Notably, removal of the injection site and associated alum depot, as early as 2 h after administration, had no appreciable effect on antigen-specific T- and B-cell responses. This study clearly rules out a role for depot formation in alum adjuvant activity.—Hutchison, S., Benson, R. A., Gibson, V. B., Pollock, A. H., Garside, P., Brewer, J. M. Antigen depot is not required for alum adjuvanticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Hutchison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Sir Graeme Davies Bldg., 120 University Ave., University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK
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Takakubo Y, Konttinen YT. Immune-regulatory mechanisms in systemic autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2012:941346. [PMID: 22110541 PMCID: PMC3207139 DOI: 10.1155/2012/941346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune and rheumatic diseases (SAIRDs) are thought to develop due to the failure of autoimmune regulation and tolerance. Current therapies, such as biologics, have improved the clinical results of SAIRDs; however, they are not curative treatments. Recently, new discoveries have been made in immune tolerance and inflammation, such as tolerogenic dendritic cells, regulatory T and B cells, Th 17 cells, inflammatory and tolerogenic cytokines, and intracellular signaling pathways. They lay the foundation for the next generation of the therapies beyond the currently used biologic therapies. New drugs should target the core processes involved in disease mechanisms with the aim to attain complete cure combined with safety and low costs compared to the biologic agents. Re-establishment of autoimmune regulation and tolerance in SAIRDs by the end of the current decade should be the final and realistic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Takakubo
- Department of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 700, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00029 HUS, Finland.
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Conigliaro P, Benson RA, Patakas A, Kelly SM, Valesini G, Holmdahl R, Brewer JM, McInnes IB, Paul Garside. Characterization of the anticollagen antibody response in a new model of chronic polyarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2299-308. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
There is now growing evidence that autoimmunity is the common trait connecting multiple clinical phenotypes albeit differences in tissue specificity, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches cannot be overlooked. Over the past years we witnessed a constant growth of the number of publications related to autoimmune diseases in peer-reviewed journals of the immunology area. Original data referred to factors from common injury pathways (i.e. T helper 17 cells, serum autoantibodies, or vitamin D) and specific diseases such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. As an example, the issue of a latitudinal gradient in the prevalence and incidence rates has been proposed for all autoimmune diseases and was recently coined as geoepidemiology to suggest new environmental triggers for tolerance breakdown. The present article is aimed at reviewing the articles that were published over the past year in the major autoimmunity and immunology journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Autoimmunity and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Italy.
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Butcher J, Malcolm J, Benson R, Deng D, Brewer J, Garside P, Culshaw S. Effects of Streptococcus mutans on Dendritic Cell Activation and Function. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1221-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034511412970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite existing preventive and therapeutic measures, caries remains a ubiquitous infectious disease. Vaccine studies suggest that an adaptive immune response, culminating in effective antibody production, may reduce an individual’s susceptibility to caries. However, the efficacy of the immune response elicited by mutans streptococci in the oral cavity remains controversial. A greater understanding of the early stages of the adaptive immune response to cariogenic bacteria may potentially assist therapeutic targeting and design. We therefore sought to characterize dendritic cell (DC) activation and antigen presentation following Streptococcus mutans exposure. We found that S. mutans up-regulated DC expression of co-stimulatory molecules and MHCII in vitro and that DCs effectively processed and presented exogenously administered antigen. These DCs effectively initiated T-cell proliferation, but this was abrogated by live bacteria. The in vitro DC activation effects were not mirrored in vivo, where DCs in draining lymph nodes did not mature following oral exposure to S. mutans. Analysis of these data provides a model for studying antigen uptake from the oral cavity and evidence that, in vitro, S. mutans activates dendritic cells, a critical event for initiating adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.P. Butcher
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - J. Malcolm
- University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.A. Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - D.M. Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.M. Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - P. Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - S. Culshaw
- University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Platt
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, and the Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Benson R, Patakas A, McQueenie R, Ross K, McInnes I, Brewer J, Garside P. Arthritis in space and time - To boldly go! FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3640-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Platt AM, Gibson VB, Patakas A, Benson RA, Nadler SG, Brewer JM, McInnes IB, Garside P. Abatacept limits breach of self-tolerance in a murine model of arthritis via effects on the generation of T follicular helper cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1558-67. [PMID: 20601593 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abatacept modulates CD28-mediated T cell costimulation and is efficacious in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated but will likely reveal critical pathologic pathways in RA. We show that abatacept substantially modulated Ag-specific T and B cell responses in vivo. Ag-specific T cell proliferation was reduced, and the acquisition of an activated phenotype, characterized by upregulation of CD69, OX40, ICOS, and programmed death-1 and downregulation of CD62L, was suppressed. Furthermore, abatacept suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and IL-17. These effects were associated with a failure of Ag-specific T cells to acquire the CXCR5(+)ICOS(+) T follicular helper cell phenotype. This, in turn, led to a failure of these cells to enter B cell follicles, resulting in reduced specific Ab responses, despite normal B cell clonal expansion. To test the pathologic significance of this, we used a novel model of RA associated with breach of self-tolerance to self-Ag and demonstrated that abatacept prevented the emergence of self-reactivity. Thus, CD28-dependent signaling is required for optimal T follicular helper cell maturation and expansion, and its inhibition prevents loss of self-tolerance in a model of articular pathology. Thus, we provide a novel mode of action for abatacept with profound implications for its potential usefulness in early inflammatory arthropathies associated with autoantibody expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Platt
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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