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Guan X, Shi C, Wang Y, He Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Mu W, Li W, Hou T. The possible role of Gremlin1 in inflammatory apical periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 157:105848. [PMID: 37977053 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the involvement of Gremlin1 on the pathological process of apical periodontitis and detect the underlying mechanisms preliminarily. METHODS Clinical healthy and inflamed periapical specimens were collected. Then, apical periodontitis (AP) animal models were established by consistent pulp exposure. In addition, AAV-shGremlin1 was injected into inflamed periapical lesions to inhibit the expression of Gremlin1. Alveolar bone loss was measured by Micro-CT. Furthermore, immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence staining of Gremlin1, phosphorylated-CREB, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1β were performed. RESULTS The expression of Gremlin1 is markedly increased in periapical lesions not only in clinic samples but also in animal models. Moreover, in rats' AP model, we uncovered that the Gremlin1 protein expression levels in apical lesions is positively correlated with those of IL-1β. Besides, the blockade of Gremlin1 in periapical lesions could substantially suppress the alveolar bone loss and restrains the inflammatory status by impacting the activation levels of phosphorylated-CREB, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results illustrated that Gremlin1 acts as a crucial mediator and possibly serves as a potential diagnostic marker for periapical periodontitis. Discovery of new factors involved in the pathophysiology of periapical periodontitis could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Sichuan Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yani He
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenli Mu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiezhou Hou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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PCSK9 Inhibitors Reduce PCSK9 and Early Atherogenic Biomarkers in Stimulated Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065098. [PMID: 36982171 PMCID: PMC10049668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite reports on the efficacy of proprotein convertase subtilisin-Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors as a potent lipid-lowering agent in various large-scale clinical trials, the anti-atherogenic properties of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing PCSK9 and atherogenesis biomarkers via the NF-ĸB and eNOS pathway has yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on PCSK9, targeted early atherogenesis biomarkers, and monocyte binding in stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). HCAEC were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and incubated with evolocumab and alirocumab. The protein and gene expression of PCSK9, interleukin-6 (IL-6), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) p65, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured using ELISA and QuantiGene plex, respectively. The binding of U937 monocytes to endothelial cell capacity was measured by the Rose Bengal method. The anti-atherogenic effects of evolocumab and alirocumab were contributed to by the downregulation of PCSK9, early atherogenesis biomarkers, and the significant inhibition of monocyte adhesion to the endothelial cells via the NF-ĸB and eNOS pathways. These suggest the beyond cholesterol-lowering beneficial effects of PCSK9 inhibitors in impeding atherogenesis during the initial phase of atherosclerotic plaque development, hence their potential role in preventing atherosclerosis-related complications.
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Chen Z, Xu J, Zha B, Li J, Li Y, Ouyang H. A construction and comprehensive analysis of the immune-related core ceRNA network and infiltrating immune cells in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:951537. [PMID: 36186432 PMCID: PMC9521039 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.951537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a peripheral artery disorder that increases with age and often leads to an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. The purposes of this study were to explore the underlying competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-related mechanism of PAOD and identify the corresponding immune cell infiltration patterns.Methods: An available gene expression profile (GSE57691 datasets) was downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and lncRNAs were screened between 9 PAOD and 10 control samples. Then, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed on the basis of the interactions generated from the miRcode, TargetScan, miRDB, and miRTarBase databases. The functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction analyses of mRNAs in the ceRNA network were performed. Immune-related core mRNAs were screened out through the Venn method. The compositional patterns of the 22 types of immune cell fraction in PAOD were estimated through the CIBERSORT algorithm. The final ceRNA network and immune infiltration were validated using clinical tissue samples. Finally, the correlation between immune cells and mRNAs in the final ceRNA network was analyzed.Results: Totally, 67 DE_lncRNAs and 1197 DE_mRNAs were identified, of which 130 DE_mRNAs (91 downregulated and 39 upregulated) were lncRNA-related. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that those down- and upregulated genes were involved in dephosphorylation and regulation of translation, respectively. The final immune-related core ceRNA network included one lncRNA (LINC00221), two miRNAs (miR-17-5p and miR-20b-5p), and one mRNA (CREB1). Meanwhile, we found that monocytes and M1 macrophages were the main immune cell subpopulations in PAOD. After verification, these predictions were consistent with experimental results. Moreover, CREB1 was positively correlated with naive B cells (R = 0.55, p = 0.035) and monocytes (R = 0.52, p = 0.049) and negatively correlated with M1 macrophages (R = −0.72, p = 0.004), resting mast cells (R = −0.66, p = 0.009), memory B cells (R = −0.55, p = 0.035), and plasma cells (R = −0.52, p = 0.047).Conclusion: In general, we proposed that the immune-related core ceRNA network (LINC00221, miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p, and CREB1) and infiltrating immune cells (monocytes and M1 macrophages) could help further explore the molecular mechanisms of PAOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Binshan Zha
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Ouyang, ; Yongxiang Li,
| | - Huan Ouyang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Ouyang, ; Yongxiang Li,
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Magkrioti C, Antonopoulou G, Fanidis D, Pliaka V, Sakellaropoulos T, Alexopoulos LG, Ullmer C, Aidinis V. Lysophosphatidic Acid Is a Proinflammatory Stimulus of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137452. [PMID: 35806457 PMCID: PMC9267536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a spectrum of diseases defined by renal fibrosis, permanent alterations in kidney structure, and low glomerular-filtration rate. Prolonged epithelial-tubular damage involves a series of changes that eventually lead to CKD, highlighting the importance of tubular epithelial cells in this process. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that signals mainly through its six cognate LPA receptors and is implicated in several chronic inflammatory pathological conditions. In this report, we have stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HKC-8) with LPA and 175 other possibly pathological stimuli, and simultaneously detected the levels of 27 intracellular phosphoproteins and 32 extracellular secreted molecules with multiplex ELISA. This quantification revealed a large amount of information concerning the signaling and the physiology of HKC-8 cells that can be extrapolated to other proximal tubular epithelial cells. LPA responses clustered with pro-inflammatory stimuli such as TNF and IL-1, promoting the phosphorylation of important inflammatory signaling hubs, including CREB1, ERK1, JUN, IκΒα, and MEK1, as well as the secretion of inflammatory factors of clinical relevance, including CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10, ICAM1, IL-6, and IL-8, most of them shown for the first time in proximal tubular epithelial cells. The identified LPA-induced signal-transduction pathways, which were pharmacologically validated, and the secretion of the inflammatory factors offer novel insights into the possible role of LPA in CKD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Magkrioti
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Georgia Antonopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Dionysios Fanidis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Vaia Pliaka
- ProtATonce Ltd., 15343 Athens, Greece; (V.P.); (T.S.); (L.G.A.)
| | | | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- ProtATonce Ltd., 15343 Athens, Greece; (V.P.); (T.S.); (L.G.A.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Lai TH, Chen HT, Wu WB. Trophoblast Coculture Induces Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Uterine Endometrial Epithelial Cells Through TNF-α Production: Implication of Role of FSH and ICAM-1 during Embryo Implantation. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 152:103650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Silveira FD, Gomes FIF, do Val DR, Freitas HC, de Assis EL, de Almeida DKC, Braz HLB, Barbosa FG, Mafezoli J, da Silva MR, Jorge RJB, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Costa DVDS, Brito GADC, Pinto VDPT, Cristino-Filho G, Bezerra MM, Chaves HV. Biological and Molecular Docking Evaluation of a Benzylisothiocyanate Semisynthetic Derivative From Moringa oleifera in a Pre-clinical Study of Temporomandibular Joint Pain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:742239. [PMID: 35546897 PMCID: PMC9083263 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.742239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Moringa oleifera possesses multiple biological effects and the 4-[(4′-O-acetyl-α-L- rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate accounts for them. Based on the original isothiocyanate molecule we obtained a semisynthetic derivative, named 4-[(2′,3′,4′-O-triacetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy) N-benzyl] hydrazine carbothioamide (MC-H) which was safe and effective in a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammatory hypernociception in rats. Therefore, considering that there is still a gap in the knowledge concerning the mechanisms of action through which the MC-H effects are mediated, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of the adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, CD55), the pathways heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NO/cGMP/PKG/K+ATP, and the central opioid receptors in the efficacy of the MC-H in a pre-clinical study of TMJ pain. Methods Molecular docking studies were performed to test the binding performance of MC-H against the ten targets of interest (ICAM-1, CD55, HO-1, iNOS, soluble cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), K+ATP channel, mu (μ), kappa (κ), and delta (δ) opioid receptors). In in vivo studies, male Wistar rats were treated with MC-H 1 μg/kg before TMJ formalin injection and nociception was evaluated. Periarticular tissues were removed to assess ICAM-1 and CD55 protein levels by Western blotting. To investigate the role of HO-1 and NO/cGMP/PKG/K+ATP pathways, the inhibitors ZnPP-IX, aminoguanidine, ODQ, KT5823, or glibenclamide were used. To study the involvement of opioid receptors, rats were pre-treated (15 min) with an intrathecal injection of non-selective inhibitor naloxone or with CTOP, naltrindole, or norbinaltorphimine. Results All interactions presented acceptable binding energy values (below −6.0 kcal/mol) which suggest MC-H might strongly bind to its molecular targets. MC-H reduced the protein levels of ICAM-1 and CD55 in periarticular tissues. ZnPP-IX, naloxone, CTOP, and naltrindole reversed the antinociceptive effect of MC-H. Conclusion MC-H demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects peripherally by the activation of the HO-1 pathway, as well as through inhibition of the protein levels of adhesion molecules, and centrally by μ and δ opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danielle Rocha do Val
- Graduate Programme in Biotechnology, North-Eastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Helyson Lucas Bezerra Braz
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Jair Mafezoli
- Graduate Programme in Chemistry, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Deiziane Viana da Silva Costa
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vicente de Paulo Teixeira Pinto
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Cristino-Filho
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Mirna Marques Bezerra
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Hellíada Vasconcelos Chaves
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Uremic toxins activate CREB/ATF1 in endothelial cells related to chronic kidney disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114984. [PMID: 35245485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uremic toxins, such as p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), contribute to endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This process is mediated by several cellular pathways, but it is unclear whether cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) participate in endothelial dysfunction in uremic conditions despite playing roles in inflammatory modulation. This study aimed to evaluate the expression, activation, and transcriptional activity of CREB/ATF1 in endothelial cells exposed to PCS, IS, and uremic serum (US). In vitro, ATF1 protein levels were increased by PCS and IS, whereas CREB levels were enhanced only by IS. Activation through CREB-Ser133 and ATF1-Ser63 phosphorylation was induced by PCS, IS, and US. We evaluated the CREB/ATF1 transcriptional activity by analyzing the expression of their target genes, including ICAM1, PTGS2, NOX1, and SLC22A6, which are related to endothelial dysfunction through their roles in vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular uptake of PCS and IS. The expression of ICAM1, PTGS2 and NOX1 genes was increased by PCS, IS, and US, whereas that of SLC22A6 was induced only by IS. KG-501, a CREB inhibitor, restored the inductive effects of PCS on ICAM1, PTGS2, and NOX1 expression; IS on ICAM1, PTGS2 and SLC22A6 expression; and US on NOX1 expression. The presence of CREB and ATF1 was observed in healthy arteries and in arteries of patients with CKD, which were structurally damaged. These findings suggest that CREB/ATF1 is activated by uremic toxins and may play a relevant role in endothelial dysfunction in CKD.
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Bonetti A, Contin M, Tonon F, Marchini M, Ortolani F. Calcium-Dependent Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α as Key Factor in Calcification of Subdermally Implanted Aortic Valve Leaflets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041988. [PMID: 35216105 PMCID: PMC8877272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) had been previously found to be overexpressed by aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) subjected to in vitro calcific induction. Here, cPLA2α expression was immunohistochemically assayed in porcine aortic valve leaflets (iAVLs) that had undergone accelerated calcification subsequent to 2- to 28-day-long implantation in rat subcutis. A time-dependent increase in cPLA2α-positive AVICs paralleled mineralization progression depending on dramatic cell membrane degeneration with the release of hydroxyapatite-nucleating acidic lipid material, as revealed by immunogold particles decorating organelle membranes in 2d-iAVLs, as well as membrane-derived lipid byproducts in 7d- to 28d-iAVLs. Additional positivity was detected for (i) pro-inflammatory IL-6, mostly exhibited by rat peri-implant cells surrounding 14d- and 28d-iAVLs; (ii) calcium-binding osteopontin, with time-dependent increase and no ossification occurrence; (iii) anti-calcific fetuin-A, mostly restricted to blood plasma within vessels irrorating the connective envelopes of 28d-iAVLs; (iv) early apoptosis marker annexin-V, limited to sporadic AVICs in all iAVLs. No positivity was found for either apoptosis executioner cleaved caspase-3 or autophagy marker MAP1. In conclusion, cPLA2α appears to be a factor characterizing AVL calcification concurrently with a distinct still uncoded cell death form also in an animal model, as well as a putative target for the prevention and treatment of calcific valve diseases.
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Li N, Liu H, Xue Y, Chen J, Kong X, Zhang Y. Upregulation of Neogenin-1 by a CREB1-BAF47 Complex in Vascular Endothelial Cells is Implicated in Atherogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803029. [PMID: 35186922 PMCID: PMC8851423 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is generally considered a human pathology of chronic inflammation, to which endothelial dysfunction plays an important role. Here we investigated the role of neogenin 1 (Neo-1) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced endothelial dysfunction focusing on its transcriptional regulation. We report that Neo-1 expression was upregulated by oxLDL in both immortalized vascular endothelial cells and primary aortic endothelial cells. Neo-1 knockdown attenuated whereas Neo-1 over-expression enhanced oxLDL-induced leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Neo-1 regulated endothelial-leukocyte interaction by modulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity to alter the expression of adhesion molecules. Neo-1 blockade with a blocking antibody ameliorated atherogenesis in Apoe−/− mice fed a Western diet. Ingenuity pathway analysis combined with validation assays confirmed that cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and Brg1-associated factor 47 (BAF47) mediated oxLDL induced Neo-1 upregulation. CREB1 interacted with BAF47 and recruited BAF47 to the proximal Neo-1 promoter leading to Neo-1 trans-activation. In conclusion, our data delineate a novel transcriptional mechanism underlying Neo-1 activation in vascular endothelial cells that might contribute to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaocen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng Univeristy, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaocen Kong, ; Yuanyuan Zhang,
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaocen Kong, ; Yuanyuan Zhang,
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Malada Edelstein YF, Solomonov Y, Hadad N, Alfahel L, Israelson A, Levy R. Early upregulation of cytosolic phospholipase A 2α in motor neurons is induced by misfolded SOD1 in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:274. [PMID: 34823547 PMCID: PMC8620709 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective death of motor neurons. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) upregulation and activation in the spinal cord of ALS patients has been reported. We have previously shown that cPLA2α upregulation in the spinal cord of mutant SOD1 transgenic mice (SOD1G93A) was detected long before the development of the disease, and inhibition of cPLA2α upregulation delayed the disease's onset. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism for cPLA2α upregulation. METHODS Immunofluorescence analysis and western blot analysis of misfolded SOD1, cPLA2α and inflammatory markers were performed in the spinal cord sections of SOD1G93A transgenic mice and in primary motor neurons. Over expression of mutant SOD1 was performed by induction or transfection in primary motor neurons and in differentiated NSC34 motor neuron like cells. RESULTS Misfolded SOD1 was detected in the spinal cord of 3 weeks old mutant SOD1G93A mice before cPLA2α upregulation. Elevated expression of both misfolded SOD1 and cPLA2α was specifically detected in the motor neurons at 6 weeks with a high correlation between them. Elevated TNFα levels were detected in the spinal cord lysates of 6 weeks old mutant SOD1G93A mice. Elevated TNFα was specifically detected in the motor neurons and its expression was highly correlated with cPLA2α expression at 6 weeks. Induction of mutant SOD1 in primary motor neurons induced cPLA2α and TNFα upregulation. Over expression of mutant SOD1 in NSC34 cells caused cPLA2α upregulation which was prevented by antibodies against TNFα. The addition of TNFα to NSC34 cells caused cPLA2α upregulation in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Motor neurons expressing elevated cPLA2α and TNFα are in an inflammatory state as early as at 6 weeks old mutant SOD1G93A mice long before the development of the disease. Accumulated misfolded SOD1 in the motor neurons induced cPLA2α upregulation via induction of TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafa Fetfet Malada Edelstein
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Solomonov
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nurit Hadad
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Leenor Alfahel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Adrian Israelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Levy
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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11
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Jan M, Cueto R, Jiang X, Lu L, Sardy J, Xiong X, Yu JE, Pham H, Khan M, Qin X, Ji Y, Yang XF, Wang H. Molecular processes mediating hyperhomocysteinemia-induced metabolic reprogramming, redox regulation and growth inhibition in endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102018. [PMID: 34140262 PMCID: PMC8282538 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an established and potent independent risk factor for degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), Alzheimer disease, type II diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. HHcy has been shown to inhibit proliferation and promote inflammatory responses in endothelial cells (EC), and impair endothelial function, a hallmark for vascular injury. However, metabolic processes and molecular mechanisms mediating HHcy-induced endothelial injury remains to be elucidated. This study examined the effects of HHcy on the expression of microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA in human aortic EC treated with a pathophysiologically relevant concentration of homocysteine (Hcy 500 μM). We performed a set of extensive bioinformatics analyses to identify HHcy-altered metabolic and molecular processes. The global functional implications and molecular network were determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) followed by Cytoscape analysis. We identified 244 significantly differentially expressed (SDE) mRNA, their relevant functional pathways, and 45 SDE miRNA. HHcy-altered SDE inversely correlated miRNA-mRNA pairs (45 induced/14 reduced mRNA) were discovered and applied to network construction using an experimentally verified database. We established a hypothetical model to describe the biochemical and molecular network with these specified miRNA/mRNA axes, finding: 1) HHcy causes metabolic reprogramming by increasing glucose uptake and oxidation, by glycogen debranching and NAD+/CoA synthesis, and by stimulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production via NNT/IDH2 suppression-induced NAD+/NADP-NADPH/NADP+ metabolism disruption; 2) HHcy activates inflammatory responses by activating inflammasome-pyroptosis mainly through ↓miR193b→↑CASP-9 signaling and by inducing IL-1β and adhesion molecules through the ↓miR29c→↑NEDD9 and the ↓miR1256→↑ICAM-1 axes, as well as GPCR and interferon α/β signaling; 3) HHcy promotes cell degradation by the activation of lysosome autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome systems; 4) HHcy causes cell cycle arrest at G1/S and S/G2 transitions, suppresses spindle checkpoint complex and cytokinetic abscission, and suppresses proliferation through ↓miRNA335/↑VASH1 and other axes. These findings are in accordance with our previous studies and add a wealth of heretofore-unexplored molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying HHcy-induced endothelial injury. This is the first study to consider the effects of HHcy on both global mRNA and miRNA expression changes for mechanism identification. Molecular axes and biochemical processes identified in this study are useful not only for the understanding of mechanisms underlying HHcy-induced endothelial injury, but also for discovering therapeutic targets for CVD in general. Identified multiple HHcy-altered metabolic and molecular processes potentially responsible for HHcy-induced endothelial injury via examining global mRNA/miRNA expression changes in Hcy-treated EC and performing comprehensive bioinformatic studies. HHcy may activate glucose uptake signaling via the ↓miR148b→↑SLC2A axis. HHcy may induce glucose oxidation signaling by switching pyruvate metabolism from lactate synthesis to mitochondrial oxidation via expression changes of ↑MPC1 & ↓LDHB. HHcy may disrupt redox homeostasis mostly by suppressing NNT/IDH2-related mt-NADPH/mt-NAD+ signaling. HHcy may increase FA β-oxidation, glutamine, TCA cycle and OXPHOS signaling. HHcy may activate inflammatory signaling via the ↓miR29c→↑NEDD9 and the ↓miR1256→↑ICAM-1 axes. HHcy may activate inflammasome/pyroptosis-related signaling by the ↓miR137→↑TLR3, the ↓miR574→↑TRAF5, and the ↓miR193b→↑CASP-9 axes, and induce IL1α/β and CASP-10/7. HHcy may induce inflammation signaling via GPCR activation through the ↓miRNA335→↑CXCR4/↑GNA14 axes. HHcy may activate molecular degradation process signaling through the ↓miRNA335→↑ASAH1/↑ABCB9 axes. HHcy may suppress cell cycle and proliferation through the miR491→↓HMGA2→↓CCNA2/CCNB2, the ↓miR335→↑VASH1, the ↓miR181a→↑PHLDA1, the miR6045→↓CENPH, the miR22→↓PRR11/↓BRCA2, and the miR605/miR497/miR514a→CEP55 axes
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Liu Lu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Sardy
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Justine E Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hung Pham
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuebing Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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12
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Hu SB, Zou Q, Lv X, Zhou RL, Niu X, Weng C, Chen F, Fan YW, Deng ZY, Li J. 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 activate the MAPK pathway to regulate the expression of PLA2 and cause inflammation in HUVECs. Food Funct 2020; 11:649-661. [PMID: 31895396 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01982k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been reported to promote vascular diseases mainly by promoting apoptosis and inflammation of vascular endothelial cells. However, it has been reported in recent years that elaidic acid (9t18:1) and vaccenic acid (11t18:1) may have different effects on vascular health. This study investigated the effects of 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) function and the possible mechanism of inflammation by analyzing the changes in the phospholipid composition and the relationship between phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and MAPK pathway. Here we found that the effect of 11t18:1 on cell viability, membrane damage and cellular inflammation was significantly lower than that of 9t18:1 (p < 0.05). And 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 had different effects on phospholipid composition. Both 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 significantly increased the protein expression of PLA2. Moreover, the MAPK pathway regulated the expression of PLA2, inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in HUVECs induced by 9t18:1 and 11t18:1. In conclusion, 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 activated the MAPK pathway which regulated the expression of PLA2 to cause inflammation in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ben Hu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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13
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Mohd Ariff A, Abu Bakar NA, Abd Muid S, Omar E, Ismail NH, Ali AM, Mohd Kasim NA, Mohd Nawawi H. Ficus deltoidea suppresses endothelial activation, inflammation, monocytes adhesion and oxidative stress via NF-κB and eNOS pathways in stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:56. [PMID: 32066426 PMCID: PMC7076839 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ficus deltoidea (FD) has been shown to have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties. However, its effects on key events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are unknown. Aim To investigate the endothelial activation, inflammation, monocyte-endothelial cell binding and oxidative stress effects of four FD varieties. Methods Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were incubated with different concentrations of aqueous ethanolic extracts of FD var. trengganuensis (FDT), var. kunstleri (FDK), var. deltoidea (FDD) and var. intermedia (FDI), together with LPS. Protein and gene expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p50 and p65 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured using ELISA and QuantiGene plex, respectively. Adhesion of monocyte to HCAEC and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by Rose Bengal staining and 2′-7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Results FDK exhibited the highest inhibition of biomarkers in relation to endothelial activation and inflammation, second in reducing monocyte binding (17.3%) compared to other varieties. FDK (25.6%) was also the most potent at decreasing ROS production. Conclusion FD has anti-atherogenic effects, possibly mediated by NF-κB and eNOS pathways; with FDK being the most potent variety. It is potentially beneficial in mitigating atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Mohd Ariff
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Abu Bakar
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Abd Muid
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Effat Omar
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hapizah Mohd Nawawi
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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14
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Kaliyaperumal R, Wang J, Meiselman HJ, Neu B. Phenazine methosulphate-treated red blood cells activate NF-κB and upregulate endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 79:102343. [PMID: 31302453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although enhanced Red Blood Cell (RBC) - Endothelial Cell (EC) interaction, as well as RBC induced EC activation, have been extensively studied in several RBC-linked pathologies, the specific individual effects of oxidatively modified RBC on EC activation has not yet been documented. However, increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidatively modified RBC could be considered potential pathogenic determinants in several acute and chronic diseases displaying systemic oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the specific effects of oxidized RBC interaction with endothelial cells on intracellular signaling pathways that promote EC activation. RBC were exposed to oxidative stress induced by phenazine methosulphate (PMS). It is shown that the interaction of oxidatively modified RBC with cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) results in: a) EC activation as indicated by the increased surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1); b) the activation of transcription factor NF-κB, an indicator of cellular oxidant stress. These results emphasize the specific contribution of oxidatively modified RBC interaction to EC activation and their possible pathological role in vascular diseases and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Björn Neu
- Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
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15
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Markowicz-Piasecka M, Huttunen KM, Broncel M, Sikora J. Sulfenamide and Sulfonamide Derivatives of Metformin - A New Option to Improve Endothelial Function and Plasma Haemostasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6573. [PMID: 31024058 PMCID: PMC6484023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multi-factorial disease which can cause multiple organ dysfunction, including that of the vascular endothelium. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of metformin, and its sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives (compounds 1–8) on the selected markers of endothelial function and blood coagulation. The integrity of endothelial cells(ECs) was examined using the real-time cell electric impedance system. Tissue Factor(TF) production, the release of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) from ECs were determined using immunoenzymatic assays, while the process of platelet thrombus formation using the Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System. Sulfenamide with n-butyl alkyl chain(3) does not interfere with ECs integrity, and viability (nCI(24h) = 1.03 ± 0.03 vs. 1.06 ± 0.11 for control), but possesses anticoagulation properties manifested by prolonged platelet-dependent thrombus formation (Occlusion Time 370.3 ± 77.0 s vs. 286.7 ± 65.5 s for control) in semi-physiological conditions. Both p- and o-nitro-benzenesulfonamides (compounds7,8) exhibit anti-coagulant properties demonstrated by decreased vWF release and prolonged parameters of platelet thrombus formation and total blood thrombogenicity. In conclusion, chemical modification of metformin scaffold into sulfenamides or sulfonamides might be regarded as a good starting point for the design and synthesis of novel biguanide-based compounds with anticoagulant properties and valuable features regarding endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School Of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Chen QZ, Zhou YB, Zhou LF, Fu ZD, Wu YS, Chen Y, Li SN, Huang JR, Li JH. TRPC6 modulates adhesion of neutrophils to airway epithelial cells via NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression with ozone exposure. Exp Cell Res 2019; 377:56-66. [PMID: 30779919 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a major component of air pollution, which has been associated with airway inflammation characterized by the influx of neutrophils in asthmatic subjects. Canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channel is recently identified as a target of oxidative stress which is involved in airway inflammation. However, the regulatory role of TRPC6 in airway epithelial cells and neutrophils has not yet been illuminated in detail. In this study, we investigated the role of TRPC6 in neutrophil adhesion to airway epithelial cells exposed to O3 in vivo and in vitro approaches. Using transgenic mice, the results showed that TRPC6-deficiency attenuated O3-induced neutrophil recruitment to airway epithelial cells and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. In vitro, O3 induced ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil adhesion to 16HBE cells (human airway epithelial cell line) and which were reduced by both TRPC6 silencing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and TRPC6 inhibitor Larixyl Acetate (LA). We also confirmed that TRPC6-dependent Ca2+ entry and NF-κB activation in 16HBE cells were required for ICAM-1-mediated neutrophil adhesion exposed to O3. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the contribution of TRPC6 to O3-induced neutrophil adhesion to airway epithelial cells via NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression, which may provide new potential concepts for preventing and treating air pollutant-related inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Fen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Di Fu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-Sen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ni Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Hobson SR, Gurusinghe S, Lim R, Alers NO, Miller SL, Kingdom JC, Wallace EM. Melatonin improves endothelial function in vitro and prolongs pregnancy in women with early-onset preeclampsia. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12508. [PMID: 29766570 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. There have been no material advances in the treatment of preeclampsia for nearly 50 years. Combining in vitro studies and a clinical trial, we aimed to determine whether melatonin could be a useful adjuvant therapy. In a xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) placental explant model, melatonin reduced oxidative stress (8-isoprostane) and enhanced antioxidant markers (Nrf2 translocation, HO-1), but did not affect explant production of anti-angiogenic factors (sFlt, sEng, activin A). In cultured HUVECs, melatonin mitigated TNFα-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule expression and rescued the subsequent disruption to endothelial monolayer integrity but did not affect other markers for endothelial activation and dysfunction. In a phase I trial of melatonin in 20 women with preeclampsia, we assessed the safety and efficacy of melatonin on (i) preeclampsia progression, (ii) clinical outcomes, and (iii) oxidative stress, matching outcomes with recent historical controls receiving similar care. Melatonin therapy was safe for mothers and their fetuses. Compared to controls, melatonin administration extended the mean ± SEM diagnosis to delivery interval by 6 ± 2.3 days reduced the need for increasing antihypertensive medication on days 3-4 (13% vs 71%), days 6-7 (8% vs 51%), and at delivery (26% vs 75%). All other clinical and biochemical measures of disease severity were unaffected by melatonin. We have shown that melatonin has the potential to mitigate maternal endothelial pro-oxidant injury and could therefore provide effective adjuvant therapy to extend pregnancy duration to deliver improved clinical outcomes for women with severe preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian R Hobson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Women's Health Program, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seshi Gurusinghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Nicole O Alers
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - John C Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Euan M Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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18
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Shimizu F, Schaller KL, Owens GP, Cotleur AC, Kellner D, Takeshita Y, Obermeier B, Kryzer TJ, Sano Y, Kanda T, Lennon VA, Ransohoff RM, Bennett JL. Glucose-regulated protein 78 autoantibody associates with blood-brain barrier disruption in neuromyelitis optica. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/397/eaai9111. [PMID: 28679661 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai9111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disorder mediated by antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) with prominent blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in the acute phase of the disease. Anti-AQP4 antibodies are produced mainly in the periphery, yet they target the astrocyte perivascular end feet behind the BBB. We reasoned that an endothelial cell-targeted autoantibody might promote BBB transit of AQP4 antibodies and facilitate NMO attacks. Using monoclonal recombinant antibodies (rAbs) from patients with NMO, we identified two that strongly bound to the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Exposure of BMECs to these rAbs resulted in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB p65, decreased claudin-5 protein expression, and enhanced transit of macromolecules. Unbiased membrane proteomics identified glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) as the rAb target. Using immobilized GRP78 to deplete GRP78 antibodies from pooled total immunoglobulin G (IgG) of 50 NMO patients (NMO-IgG) reduced the biological effect of NMO-IgG on BMECs. GRP78 was expressed on the surface of murine BMECs in vivo, and repeated administration of a GRP78-specific rAb caused extravasation of serum albumin, IgG, and fibrinogen into mouse brains. Our results identify GRP78 antibodies as a potential component of NMO pathogenesis and GRP78 as a candidate target for promoting central nervous system transit of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558505, Japan
| | - Kristin L Schaller
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gregory P Owens
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anne C Cotleur
- Neuroimmunology and Acute Neurology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Debra Kellner
- Neuroimmunology and Acute Neurology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yukio Takeshita
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558505, Japan
| | - Birgit Obermeier
- Neuroimmunology and Acute Neurology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas J Kryzer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yasuteru Sano
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558505, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558505, Japan
| | - Vanda A Lennon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Deng L, Wan H, Zhou H, Yu L, He Y. Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A alone or in combination with acetylglutamine on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rat: A PET study using 18F-fuorodeoxyglucose. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 825:119-132. [PMID: 29438705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and acetylglutamine (NAG) are extensively applied in the treatment of brain injury. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of HSYA alone or together with NAG using a rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 5) were intraperitoneally injected with 5, 10, 20 mg/kg HSYA, 300 mg/kg NAG and 10 mg/kg HSYA+300 mg/kg NAG after the onset of reperfusion and once each day for the following 7 days. After assessing the neurological deficit and infarct volume, we used 18F-FDG-PET to evaluate the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption, immunohistochemical analysis to detect the expression of GFAP, NGF, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and ICAM-1 in brain tissue at day 7 after cerebral I/R injury. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of ICAM-1, IL-1ß, TNF-α and NF-κB were determined by qRT-PCR, the protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were detected by western blot. The results indicated that HSYA significantly up-regulated glucose metabolism, improved neurological function, decreased cerebral infarction volume. HSYA alone or together with NAG attenuated apoptosis and inflammation by up-regulating GFAP, NGF and Bcl-2 expression, suppressing the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and ICAM-1, IL-1ß, TNF-α and NF-κB. These finding suggested that HSYA exerted neuroprotection against cerebral I/R injury by modulating inflammation and apoptosis process, and HSYA in combination with NAG possessed a synergetic effect on protecting cerebral I/R brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Köfeler H, Frank S. Reduced expression of adipose triglyceride lipase decreases arachidonic acid release and prostacyclin secretion in human aortic endothelial cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:249-253. [PMID: 28368219 PMCID: PMC5942144 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1309052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial cells represent an important source of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived mediators involved in the generation of anti- or proatherogenic environments. Evidence emerged (in mast cells), that in addition to phospholipases, neutral lipid hydrolases as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) also participate in this process. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of ATGL on AA-release from cellular phospholipids (PL) and on prostacyclin secretion in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). METHODS AND RESULTS siRNA-mediated silencing of ATGL promoted lipid droplet formation and TG accumulation in HAEC (nile red stain). ATGL knockdown decreased the basal and A23187 (calcium ionophore)-induced release of 14C-AA from (14C-AA-labeled) HAEC. In A23187-stimulated ATGL silenced cells, this was accompanied by a decreased content of 14C-AA in cellular PL and a decreased secretion of prostacyclin (determined by 6-keto PGF1α EIA). CONCLUSIONS In vascular endothelial cells, the efficiency of stimulus-induced AA release and prostacyclin secretion is dependent on ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
- CONTACT Monika Riederer
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Center for Medical Research, Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Saša FrankInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010Graz, Austria
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21
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Acute administration of catalase targeted to ICAM-1 attenuates neuropathology in experimental traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630485 PMCID: PMC5476649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to one third of injury related deaths in the US. Treatment strategies for TBI are supportive, and the pathophysiology is not fully understood. Secondary mechanisms of injury in TBI, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, are points at which intervention may reduce neuropathology. Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) propagate blood-brain barrier (BBB) hyperpermeability and inflammation following TBI. We hypothesized that targeted detoxification of ROS may improve the pathological outcomes of TBI. Following TBI, endothelial activation results in a time dependent increase in vascular expression of ICAM-1. We conjugated catalase to anti-ICAM-1 antibodies and administered the conjugate to 8 wk old C57BL/6J mice 30 min after moderate controlled cortical impact injury. Results indicate that catalase targeted to ICAM-1 reduces markers of oxidative stress, preserves BBB permeability, and attenuates neuropathological indices more effectively than non-targeted catalase and anti-ICAM-1 antibody alone. Furthermore, the study of microglia by two-photon microscopy revealed that anti-ICAM-1/catalase prevents the transition of microglia to an activated phenotype. These findings demonstrate the use of a targeted antioxidant enzyme to interfere with oxidative stress mechanisms in TBI and provide a proof-of-concept approach to improve acute TBI management that may also be applicable to other neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Brenner JS, Bhamidipati K, Glassman PM, Ramakrishnan N, Jiang D, Paris AJ, Myerson JW, Pan DC, Shuvaev VV, Villa CH, Hood ED, Kiseleva R, Greineder CF, Radhakrishnan R, Muzykantov VR. Mechanisms that determine nanocarrier targeting to healthy versus inflamed lung regions. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1495-1506. [PMID: 28065731 PMCID: PMC5518469 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflamed organs display marked spatial heterogeneity of inflammation, with patches of inflamed tissue adjacent to healthy tissue. To investigate how nanocarriers (NCs) distribute between such patches, we created a mouse model that recapitulates the spatial heterogeneity of the inflammatory lung disease ARDS. NCs targeting the epitope PECAM strongly accumulated in the lungs, but were shunted away from inflamed lung regions due to hypoxic vasoconstriction (HVC). In contrast, ICAM-targeted NCs, which had lower whole-lung uptake than PECAM/NCs in inflamed lungs, displayed markedly higher NC levels in inflamed regions than PECAM/NCs, due to increased regional ICAM. Regional HVC, epitope expression, and capillary leak were sufficient to predict intra-organ of distribution of NCs, antibodies, and drugs. Importantly, these effects were not observable with traditional spatially-uniform models of ARDS, nor when examining only whole-organ uptake. This study underscores how examining NCs' intra-organ distribution in spatially heterogeneous animal models can guide rational NC design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Brenner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kartik Bhamidipati
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Depeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Andrew J Paris
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel C Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raisa Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Pei J, Harakalova M, den Ruijter H, Pasterkamp G, Duncker DJ, Verhaar MC, Asselbergs FW, Cheng C. Cardiorenal disease connection during post-menopause: The protective role of estrogen in uremic toxins induced microvascular dysfunction. Int J Cardiol 2017; 238:22-30. [PMID: 28341374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Female gender, post-menopause, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and (CKD linked) microvascular disease are important risk factors for developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Enhancing our understanding of the interrelation between these risk factors could greatly benefit the identification of new drug targets for future therapy. This review discusses the evidence for the protective role of estradiol (E2) in CKD-associated microvascular disease and related HFpEF. Elevated circulating levels of uremic toxins (UTs) during CKD may act in synergy with hormonal changes during post-menopause and could lead to coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in HFpEF. To elucidate the molecular mechanism involved, published transcriptome datasets of indoxyl sulfate (IS), high inorganic phosphate (HP) or E2 treated human derived endothelial cells from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed. In total, 36 genes overlapped in both IS- and HP-activated gene sets, 188 genes were increased by UTs (HP and/or IS) and decreased by E2, and 572 genes were decreased by UTs and increased by E2. Based on a comprehensive in silico analysis and literature studies of collected gene sets, we conclude that CKD-accumulated UTs could negatively impact renal and cardiac endothelial homeostasis by triggering extensive inflammatory responses and initiating dysregulation of angiogenesis. E2 may protect (myo)endothelium by inhibiting UTs-induced inflammation and ameliorating UTs-related uremic bleeding and thrombotic diathesis via restored coagulation capacity and hemostasis in injured vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Pei
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester den Ruijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Choi JY, Jo SA. KDM7A histone demethylase mediates TNF-α-induced ICAM1 protein upregulation by modulating lysosomal activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1355-62. [PMID: 27565733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule1 (ICAM1) is involved in adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes across endothelium, promoting brain inflammation and leading to brain diseases. Here, we studied the mechanism that regulates ICAM expression in response to proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). ICAM1 mRNA and protein levels in human brain microvascular endothelial cells dramatically increased after TNF-α treatment. TNF-α also upregulated histone demethylases KDM1B and KDM7A responsible for demethylation of H3K9me2, a well-known repression marker. Knockdown of KDM7A by a small interfering RNA reduced the ICAM1 protein level and leukocyte adhesion without an effect on ICAM1 mRNA expression. In contrast, a KDM1B knockdown did not affect TNF-α-induced ICAM1 expression. Thus, KDM7A-mediated ICAM1 protein upregulation is likely related to protein stability, not a histone-mediated epigenetic mechanism. Experiments with cycloheximide supported the role of KDM7A in ICAM1 protein stabilization. Further experiments suggest that KDM7A regulates ICAM1 protein stability via a lysosome-dependent pathway. Lysosome inhibitors increased the TNF-α-induced ICAM1 protein level and restored KDM7A knockdown-induced downregulation of ICAM1. In contrast, the KDM7A knockdown had no effect on proteasome-mediated ICAM1 degradation. We also found that the transcription factor EB protein level reduced in response to TNF-α but increased by the KDM7A knockdown. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed weak lysosome formation with high ICAM1 immunoreactivity after TNF-α treatment, but KDM7A knockdown reversed this response, resulting in strong lysosome formation with ICAM1 protein clustering in lysosomes. Taken together, our results show that KDM7A mediates TNF-α-induced ICAM1 protein upregulation and is mediated by induction of KDM7A, which regulates the TFEB-mediated lysosomal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Sangmee Ahn Jo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
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25
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Čejková S, Králová Lesná I, Poledne R. Monocyte adhesion to the endothelium is an initial stage of atherosclerosis development. COR ET VASA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Ambrozova G, Fidlerova T, Verescakova H, Koudelka A, Rudolph TK, Woodcock SR, Freeman BA, Kubala L, Pekarova M. Nitro-oleic acid inhibits vascular endothelial inflammatory responses and the endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2428-2437. [PMID: 27431604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory-mediated pathological processes in the endothelium arise as a consequence of the dysregulation of vascular homeostasis. Of particular importance are mediators produced by stimulated monocytes/macrophages inducing activation of endothelial cells (ECs). This is manifested by excessive soluble pro-inflammatory mediator production and cell surface adhesion molecule expression. Nitro-fatty acids are endogenous products of metabolic and inflammatory reactions that display immuno-regulatory potential and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat inflammatory diseases. The purpose of our study was to characterize the effects of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) on inflammatory responses and the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in ECs that is a consequence of the altered healing phase of the immune response. METHODS The effect of OA-NO2 on inflammatory responses and EndMT was determined in murine macrophages and murine and human ECs using Western blotting, ELISA, immunostaining, and functional assays. RESULTS OA-NO2 limited the activation of macrophages and ECs by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and adhesion molecule expression through its modulation of STAT, MAPK and NF-κB-regulated signaling. OA-NO2 also decreased transforming growth factor-β-stimulated EndMT and pro-fibrotic phenotype of ECs. These effects are related to the downregulation of Smad2/3. CONCLUSIONS The study shows the pleiotropic effect of OA-NO2 on regulating EC-macrophage interactions during the immune response and suggests a role for OA-NO2 in the regulation of vascular endothelial immune and fibrotic responses arising during chronic inflammation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings propose the OA-NO2 may be useful as a novel therapeutic agent for treatment of cardiovascular disorders associated with dysregulation of the endothelial immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ambrozova
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Fidlerova
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Verescakova
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adolf Koudelka
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tanja K Rudolph
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Heart Centre, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Lee YH, Lee CC, Huang CH, Ho FM. Laminar Shear Stress Promotes Nicotine-Induced Inflammation and Hemostatic Expression in Human Endothelial Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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28
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Lin CC, Yang CC, Cho RL, Wang CY, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate-Induced ICAM-1 Expression via NADPH Oxidase/ROS-Dependent NF-κB Cascade on Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:80. [PMID: 27065868 PMCID: PMC4815023 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression is frequently correlated with the lung inflammation. In lung injury, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P, bioactive sphingolipid metabolite), participate gene regulation of adhesion molecule in inflammation progression and aggravate tissue damage. To investigate the transduction mechanisms of the S1P in pulmonary epithelium, we demonstrated that exposure of HPAEpiCs (human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells) to S1P significantly induces ICAM-1 expression leading to increase monocyte adhesion on the surface of HPAEpiCs. These phenomena were effectively attenuated by pretreatments with series of inhibitors such as Rottlerin (PKCδ), PF431396 (PYK2), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), apocynin (NADPH oxidase), Edaravone (ROS), and Bay11-7082 (NF-κB). Consistently, knockdown with siRNA transfection of PKCδ, PYK2, p47phox, and p65 exhibited the same results. Pretreatment with both Gq-coupled receptor antagonist (GPA2A) and Gi/o-coupled receptor antagonist (GPA2) also blocked the upregulation of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA induced by S1P. We observed that S1P induced PYK2 activation via a Gq-coupled receptor/PKCδ-dependent pathway. In addition, S1P induced NADPH oxidase activation and intracellular ROS generation, which were also reduced by Rottlerin or PF431396. We demonstrated that S1P induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in HPAEpiCs. Activated NF-κB was blocked by Rottlerin, PF431396, APO, DPI, or Edaravone. Besides, the results of monocyte adhesion assay indicated that S1P-induced ICAM-1 expression on HPAEpiCs can enhance the monocyte attachments. In the S1P-treated mice, we found that the levels of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA in the lung fractions, the pulmonary hematoma and leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were enhanced through a PKCδ/PYK2/NADPH oxidase/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. We concluded that S1P-accelerated lung damage is due to the ICAM-1 induction associated with leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Ling Cho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan
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Luo Y, Feng J, Xu Q, Wang W, Wang X. NSun2 Deficiency Protects Endothelium From Inflammation via mRNA Methylation of ICAM-1. Circ Res 2016; 118:944-56. [PMID: 26838785 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular endothelial inflammation, including the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), is a key event in vascular diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of ICAM-1 are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms on the regulation of ICAM-1 by NOP2/Sun domain family, member 2 (NSun2)-mediated mRNA methylation and the impact of NSun2-ICAM-1 regulatory process in vascular inflammation and allograft arteriosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS By using in vitro, in cells, and in vivo methylation assays, we showed that the tRNA methyltransferase NSun2 methylated the ICAM-1 mRNA. Methylation by NSun2 promoted the translation of ICAM-1, thereby increasing the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α or homocysteine activated the methyltransferase activity of NSun2 by repressing the phosphorylation of NSun2 by Aurora-B. The levels of ICAM-1 induction and of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium observed with homocysteine treatment in wild-type rats were markedly decreased in NSun2(-/-) rats. In a rat model of aortic allograft, the lack of donor NSun2 impaired the formation of allograft arteriosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS NSun2 upregulates the expression of ICAM-1 by methylating ICAM-1 mRNA. This regulatory process impacts on vascular inflammation and allograft arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Luo
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (Y.L., J.F., X.W.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, United Kingdom (Q.X.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (W.W.)
| | - Juan Feng
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (Y.L., J.F., X.W.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, United Kingdom (Q.X.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (W.W.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (Y.L., J.F., X.W.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, United Kingdom (Q.X.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (W.W.)
| | - Wengong Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (Y.L., J.F., X.W.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, United Kingdom (Q.X.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (W.W.).
| | - Xian Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (Y.L., J.F., X.W.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, United Kingdom (Q.X.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China (W.W.).
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Lin CP, Huang PH, Lai CF, Chen JW, Lin SJ, Chen JS. Simvastatin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, NF-κB Activation, and Artery Calcification in LDLR-/- Mice Fed with High Fat Diet via Down-regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and TNF Receptor 1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143686. [PMID: 26625143 PMCID: PMC4666466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SIM) is anti-inflammatory. We used low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) mice and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) as model systems to study the effect of SIM on arterial calcification and to explore the potential mechanisms contributing to this protective effect. High-fat diet (HFD) caused the LRLR -/- to develop dyslipidemia, diabetics, atherosclerosis and aortic smooth muscle calcification. SIM, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger) and apocynin (APO, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor) did not significantly retard the development of dyslipidemia or diabetic. However, those treatments were still effective in attenuating the HFD-induced atherosclerosis and aortic smooth muscle calcification. These findings suggest that the protective effect of SIM against aortic calcification is not contributed by the cholesterol lowering effect. SIM, NAC and APO were found to attenuate the HFD induced elevation of serum TNF-α, soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1), 3-nitro-tyrosine. We hypothesized that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, oxidative stress and TNFR1 played a role in inducing aortic calcification. We used HASMC to investigate the role of TNF-α, oxidative stress and TNFR1 in inducing aortic calcification and to elucidate the mechanism contributes the protective effect of SIM against aortic calcification. We demonstrated that treating HASMC with TNF-α induced cell Ca deposit and result in an increase in ALP, NADPH oxidase activity, NF-kB subunit p65, BMP2, MSX2, and RUNX2 expression. SIM suppressed the TNF-α induced activation of NADPH oxidase subunit p47, the above-mentioned bone markers and TNFR1 expression. Furthermore, p65, p47 and TNFR1 siRNAs inhibited the TNF-α-mediated stimulation of BMP-2, MSX2, RUNX2 expression. SIM, APO, and NAC either partially inhibit or completely block the TNF-α induced H2O2 or superoxide production. These results suggest that SIM may, independent of its cholesterol-lowering effect, suppresses the progression of vascular diseases through the inhibition of the inflammation mediators TNF-α and TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Pei Lin
- Division of Central Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shiong Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rosengarten M, Hadad N, Solomonov Y, Lamprecht S, Levy R. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 α has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DSS-induced colitis in mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 46:400-8. [PMID: 26548451 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colitis, an inflammation of the colon, is a well-characterized massive tissue injury. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 α (cPLA2 α) upregulation plays an important role in the development of several inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to define the role of cPLA2 α upregulation in the development of colitis. We used a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis. Immunoblotting analysis showed that cPLA2 α and NF-κB were upregulated and activated in the colon from day 2 of colitis induction. This molecular event preceded the development of the disease, as determined by Disease Activity Index score, body weight, colon length, and the expression of colonic inflammatory markers, including neutrophil infiltration detected by myeloperoxidase and by NIMP-R14, ICAM-1, COX-2, iNOS upregulation and LTB4 and TNF-α secretion. Prevention of cPLA2 α upregulation and activity in the colon by i.v. administration of specific antisense oligonucleotides against cPLA2 α 1 day prior and every day of exposure to dextran sulfate sodium significantly impeded the development of the disease and prevented NF-κB activation, neutrophils infiltration into the colonic mucosa, and expression of proinflammatory proteins in the colon. Our results demonstrate a critical role of cPLA2 α upregulation in inflammation and development of murine colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rosengarten
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Soroka Medical University Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nurit Hadad
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Soroka Medical University Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Solomonov
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Soroka Medical University Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sergio Lamprecht
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Soroka Medical University Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Levy
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Soroka Medical University Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Zhang Y, Sun M, Han Y, Zhai K, Tang Y, Qin X, Cao Z, Yu B, Kou J. The saponin DT-13 attenuates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced vascular inflammation associated with Src/NF-кB/MAPK pathway modulation. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:970-81. [PMID: 26157351 PMCID: PMC4495414 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of DT-13 (25(R,S)-ruscogenin- 1-O- [β-d-glucopyranosyl- (1→2)][β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β -d- fucopyranoside) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced vascular inflammation and the potential molecular mechanisms. In vitro, DT-13 suppressed TNF-α-induced adhesion and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by inhibiting the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). DT-13 markedly suppressed NF-кB p65 phosphorylation, and when NF-кB p65 was over-expressed, the inhibitory effect of DT-13 on adhesion molecular decreased. DT-13 also suppressed TNF-α induced luciferase activities of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 promoter containing NF-κB binding sites. Furthermore, DT-13 markedly suppressed p38 phosphorylation and Src degradation induced by TNF-α, whereas had no significant effect on ERK and JNK activation. In vivo, DT-13 at 4 mg/kg prevented vascular inflammation and the expression of adhesion molecules induced by TNF-α in mice. These findings suggest that DT-13 abrogates vascular inflammation by down-regulating adhesion molecules associated with modulating the NF-кB, p38MAPK, Src signaling pathways, and NF-κB binding site is at least one of the targets of DT-13. This study provides novel information regarding the mechanism by which DT-13 exerts its effects on vascular inflammation, which is important for the onset and progression of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minhui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuwei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kefeng Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Youmei Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoying Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
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Harvey KA, Xu Z, Pavlina TM, Zaloga GP, Siddiqui RA. Modulation of endothelial cell integrity and inflammatory activation by commercial lipid emulsions. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:9. [PMID: 25888960 PMCID: PMC4339234 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombosis and immune dysfunction are two important complications that result from the administration of parenteral nutrition. Endothelial cells within the vasculature are crucial components necessary for maintenance of normal coagulation and immune function. Methods We compared the effects of three commercial lipid emulsions (LEs; Intralipid®, ClinOleic® [or Clinolipid®], and Omegaven®) differing in the levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids upon endothelial cell fatty acid composition using Gas chromatography, endothelial cell integrity by assessing measurement of apoptosis and necrosis using flow cytometry, endothelial cell inflammatory activation by assessing the induction of ICAM-1 by lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), and transcription factor activation (phosphorylation of NF-κB) using western blot analysis. Results Gas chromatographic analysis confirmed cellular uptake of the fatty acids within the LEs; furthermore, these fatty acid changes reflected the composition of the oils and egg phosphatides used in the manufacturing of these emulsions. However, the kinetics of fatty acid uptake and processing differed between LEs. Fish oil LE negatively impacted cell viability by doubling the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cell populations quantified by flow cytometry using Annexin V/Fluorescein and propidium iodide. The soybean oil LE did not alter cell viability, while the olive oil-predominate emulsion improved cell viability. All LEs were capable of suppressing LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression; however, the fish oil LE was more potent than the other emulsions. Fish oil LE supplementation of cells also suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB, while the soybean oil and olive predominant LE had no effect upon NF-κB phosphorylation. Conclusions Lipid emulsions are readily incorporated and stored in the form of triacylglycerols. Soybean oil-based, olive oil-predominant and fish-oil based LEs differentially affected endothelial cell integrity. Importantly, these three LEs were capable of suppressing endothelial cell inflammatory response despite their fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Harvey
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, 1800 N. Capitol Ave, E504D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, 1800 N. Capitol Ave, E504D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | | | - Gary P Zaloga
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, 60015, USA.
| | - Rafat A Siddiqui
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, 1800 N. Capitol Ave, E504D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Sagy-Bross C, Kasianov K, Solomonov Y, Braiman A, Friedman A, Hadad N, Levy R. The role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 α in amyloid precursor protein induction by amyloid beta1-42 : implication for neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2015; 132:559-71. [PMID: 25533654 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptides generated by proteolysis of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to determine whether cytosolic phospholipase A2 α (cPLA2 α) plays a role in elevated APP protein expression induced by aggregated amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ) in cortical neurons and to elucidate its specific role in signal events leading to APP induction. Elevated cPLA2 α and its activity determined by phosphorylation on serine 505 as well as elevated APP protein expression, were detected in primary rat cortical neuronal cultures exposed to Aβ for 24 h and in cortical neuron of human amyloid-β1-42 brain infused mice. Prevention of cPLA2 α up-regulation and its activity by oligonucleotide antisense against cPLA2 α (AS) prevented the elevation of APP protein in cortical neuronal cultures and in mouse neuronal cortex. To determine the role of cPLA2 α in the signals leading to APP induction, increased cPLA2 α expression and activity induced by Aβ was prevented by means of AS in neuronal cortical cultures. Under these conditions, the elevated cyclooxygenase-2 and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) were prevented. Addition of PGE2 or cyclic AMP analogue (dbcAMP) to neuronal cultures significantly increased the expression of APP protein, while the presence protein kinase A inhibitor (H-89) attenuated the elevation of APP induced by Aβ. Inhibition of elevated cPLA2 α by AS prevented the activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) as detected by its phosphorylated form, its translocation to the nucleus and its DNA binding induced by Aβ which coincided with cPLA2 α dependent activation of CREB in the cortex of Aβ brain infused mice. Our results show that accumulation of Aβ induced elevation of APP protein expression mediated by cPLA2 α, PGE2 release, and CREB activation via protein kinase A pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sagy-Bross
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ksenia Kasianov
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Solomonov
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Physiology and cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nurit Hadad
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Levy
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Yan S, Zhang X, Zheng H, Hu D, Zhang Y, Guan Q, Liu L, Ding Q, Li Y. Clematichinenoside inhibits VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in TNF-α-treated endothelial cells via NADPH oxidase-dependent IκB kinase/NF-κB pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:190-201. [PMID: 25463279 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α-induced adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells plays a critical role in the early stage of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress and redox-sensitive transcription factors are implicated in the process. Thus, compounds that mediate intracellular redox status and regulate transcription factors are of great therapeutic interest. Clematichinenoside (AR), a triterpene saponin isolated from the root of Clematis chinensis Osbeck, was previously demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. However, little is known about the exact mechanism underlying these actions. Thus we performed a detailed study on its effect on leukocytes-endothelial cells adhesion with TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cell-free systems. First, we found that AR reduced TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression and their promoter activity, inhibited translocation of p65 and phosphorylation of IκBα, suppressed IκB kinase-β (IKK-β) activity, lowered O2(∙-) and H2O2 levels, tackled p47(phox) translocation, and decreased NOX4 NADPH oxidase expression. Second, we showed that AR exhibited no direct free radical scavenging ability in cell-free systems at concentrations that were used in intact cells. Besides, AR had no direct effect on the activity of IKK-β that was extracted from TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. We also found that p47 translocation, NOX4 expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were up-regulated before IκB phosphorylation in TNF-α-induced HUVECs. Moreover, TNF-α-enhanced IKK-β activity was also inhibited by (polyethylene glycol) PEG-catalase, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and vitamin E. In conclusion, these results suggest that AR reduces VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression through NADPH oxidase-dependent IKK/NF-κB pathways in TNF-α-induced HUVECs, which finally suppress monocyte-HUVECs adhesion. This compound is potentially beneficial for early-stage atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Yan
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Experimental and Teaching Center of Medical Basis for Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Experimental and Teaching Center of Medical Basis for Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haili Zheng
- Experimental and Teaching Center of Medical Basis for Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danhong Hu
- Experimental and Teaching Center of Medical Basis for Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongtian Zhang
- Experimental and Teaching Center of Medical Basis for Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghua Guan
- Experimental and Teaching Center of Medical Basis for Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and the Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qilong Ding
- Experimental and Teaching Center of Medical Basis for Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunman Li
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Su Y, Qadri SM, Cayabyab FS, Wu L, Liu L. Regulation of methylglyoxal-elicited leukocyte recruitment by endothelial SGK1/GSK3 signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2481-91. [PMID: 25003317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive levels of the glycolysis metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) elicit enhanced expression of adhesion molecules which foster leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. The signaling mechanisms involved remain elusive. To address this, we investigated the signal transduction of leukocyte- and endothelial-expressed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) effector kinases glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) in the regulation of MG-elicited leukocyte recruitment. Using intravital microscopy of mouse cremasteric microvasculature, we demonstrate that GSK3 inhibitors lithium and SB216763 mitigate MG-elicited leukocyte recruitment and microvascular hyperpermeability. In SVEC4-10EE2 endothelial cells, but not in neutrophils, MG transiently activates GSK3 by reducing inhibitory phospho-GSK3α/β (Ser21/9) which parallels decrease of phospho-Akt at early time points (<30min). At later time points (≥1h), MG induces GSK3 deactivation which is dissipated by siRNA silencing of SGK. MG treatment potentiates endothelial SGK1 mRNA, total SGK1, phospho-SGK1 and phospho-NDRG1. The SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 attenuates MG-elicited leukocyte recruitment. Pharmacological inhibition or silencing endothelial GSK3 or SGK attenuates MG-triggered nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. Furthermore, silencing SGK blunts MG-triggered redox-sensitive phosphorylation of endothelial transcription factor CREB. Inhibition of SGK1 or GSK3 mitigates the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules P- and E-selectins and ICAM-1. Moreover, SGK1-dependent CREB activation participates in MG-elicited ICAM-1 upregulation. We conclude that temporal activation of endothelial SGK1 and GSK3 is decisive in MG-elicited upregulation of transcription factors, adhesion molecule expression, and leukocyte-vascular endothelium interactions. This novel signaling pathway may link excessive MG levels in vivo to inflammation, thus, unraveling potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Jin L, Li C, Li R, Sun Z, Fang X, Li S. Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors mediate apoptosis via cytosolic calcium-dependent phospholipase A₂ and migration in prostate cancer cell RM-1. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:255-67. [PMID: 24776847 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors (CRHRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that play different roles depending on tissue types. Previously, we discovered the mechanism of CRHR-mediated apoptosis of mouse prostate cancer cell line (RM-1) to be a change of Bcl-2:Bax ratio, and CRH was found to inhibit transforming growth factor β migration of breast cancer cells via CRHRs. In the present study, we investigated cytosolic calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) bridging CRHR activations and Bcl-2:Bax ratio and the effect of CRHR activation on cell migration. Silencing of cPLA2 attenuated a CRHR1 agonist, CRH-induced apoptosis, and the decrease of the Bcl-2:Bax ratio, whereas silencing of cPLA2 aggravated CRHR2 agonist, Urocortin 2 (Ucn2)-inhibited apoptosis, and the increase of the Bcl-2:Bax ratio. CRH in a time- and concentration-dependent manner increased cPLA2 expression mainly through interleukin 1β (IL1β) upregulation. Ucn2 decreased cPLA2 expression through neither tumor necrosis factor α nor IL1β. CRH-suppressed decay of cPLA2 mRNA and Ucn2 merely suppressed its production. Overexpression of CRHR1 or CRHR2 in HEK293 cells correspondingly upregulated or downregulated cPLA2 expression after CRH or Ucn2 stimulation respectively. In addition, both CRH and Ucn2 induced migration of RM-1 cells. Our observation not only established a relationship between CRHRs and cell migration but also for the first time, to our knowledge, demonstrated that cPLA2 participates in CRHR1-induced apoptosis and CRHR2-inhibited apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Diseases and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Hien TT, Ki SH, Yang JW, Oh WK, Kang KW. Nectandrin B suppresses the expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:286-94. [PMID: 24518543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that nectandrin B, a potent natural activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in endothelium-dependent relaxation via endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation. This study examined the effects of nectandrin B on monocyte adhesion and on the expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells, an initial event in atherogenesis. Nectandrin B inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced monocytoid THP-1 cell adhesion to ECV 304 human endothelial cells. This lignan also suppressed TNFα-induced protein and mRNA expression of two cell adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In addition, expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were diminished by nectandrin B treatment. Reporter gene and immunoblot analyses revealed that transcription factor activities of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) were inhibited by nectandrin B. Moreover, nectandrin B activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in ECV 304 cells. Transfection of a dominant-negative mutant form of AMPK (DN-AMPK) partially reversed inhibitory effects of nectandrin B on the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and on the transcriptional activity of CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Hien
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Wan R, Liu Y, Li L, Zhu C, Jin L, Li S. Urocortin increased endothelial ICAM1 by cPLA2-dependent NF-κB and PKA pathways in HUVECs. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:43-53. [PMID: 24363440 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin (Ucn1), a member of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) family, has been reported to participate in inflammation. The increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) plays important roles in inflammation and immune responses. Our previous results demonstrated that Ucn1 significantly enhanced the expression of ICAM1. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the detailed mechanisms of Ucn1-induced upregulation of ICAM1. Here, we characterized the mechanisms of Ucn1 usage to regulate ICAM1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data revealed that Ucn1 increased ICAM1 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expressions in a time-dependent manner via CRH receptor 2 (CRHR2). In addition, COX2 was involved in ICAM1 upregulation. Furthermore, Ucn1 could increase the expression and phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipases A2 (cPLA2) in a time-dependent manner via CRHR2 and CRHR1. Moreover, ablation of cPLA2 by the inhibitor pyrrophenone or siRNA attenuated the ICAM1 increase induced by Ucn1. In addition, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was activated, indicated by the increase in nuclear p65NF-κB expression and phosphorylation of p65NF-κB, depending on cPLA2 and CRHR2 activation. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid, an inhibitor of NF-κB, abolished the elevation of ICAM1 but not COX2. Also, Ucn1 increased the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which further activated protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB pathways dependent of cPLA2 via CRHR2. Moreover, the increase in NF-κB phosphorylation was not affected by the selective COX2 inhibitor NS-398 or the PKA inhibitor H89. In conclusion, these data indicate that Ucn1 increase the ICAM1 expression via cPLA2-NF-κB and cPLA2-COX2-PGE2-PKA-CREB pathways by means of CRHR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Diseases and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
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Brooke MA, Longhurst HJ, Plagnol V, Kirkby NS, Mitchell JA, Rüschendorf F, Warner TD, Kelsell DP, MacDonald TT. Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerating stenosing enteritis associated with homozygous deletion mutations in cytosolic phospholipase A2-α. Gut 2014; 63:96-104. [PMID: 23268370 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerating stenosing enteritis (CMUSE) is an extremely rare, but devastating, disease of unknown aetiology. We investigated the genetic basis of this autosomal recessive condition in a pair of affected siblings who have 40-year histories of catastrophic gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disease. DESIGN Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism homozygosity mapping in the two affected family members combined with whole-exome sequencing of one affected sibling. This was followed by confirmatory Sanger sequencing of the likely disease-causing sequence variant and functional studies in affected and unaffected family members. RESULTS Insertion/deletion variation analysis revealed the presence of a homozygous 4 bp deletion (g.155574_77delGTAA) in the PLA2G4A gene, located in the splice donor site directly after exon 17 (the penultimate exon) of the gene in both affected siblings. This introduces a frameshift of 10 amino acids before a premature stop codon (p.V707fsX10), which is predicted to result in the loss of 43 amino acids (residues 707-749) at the C-terminus of cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA(2)α). cPLA(2)α protein expression was undetectable in the gut of both siblings, with platelet aggregation and thromboxane A(2) production, as functional assays for cPLA(2)α activity, grossly impaired. CONCLUSIONS We have identified mutations in PLA2G4A as a cause of CMUSE in two affected siblings. Further studies are needed to determine if mutations in this gene are also responsible for disease of a similar phenotype in other cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Brooke
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, , London, UK
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41
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Involvement of the nuclear factor-κB pathway in the adhesion of neutrophils to renal tubular cells after injury induced by neonatal postasphyxial serum. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 388:85-94. [PMID: 24276753 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory proteins. However, it is unclear whether the NF-κB/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) pathway is involved in the adhesion of neutrophils and renal injury after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in neonates. In this report we investigated whether NF-κB and its downstream molecule ICAM-1 were involved in renal injury induced by postasphyxial serum (PS) from neonates. Human renal proximal tubular (HK-2) cells were preincubated with 10 % fetal calf serum (control), 20 % neonatal PS, or 20 % PS plus pyrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). The expression of IκBα, NF-κB p65, and ICAM-1 in HK-2 cells was determined by Western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in HK-2 cells was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The ICAM-1 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. Then HK-2 cells were cultured with neutrophils from neonates with asphyxia. After HK-2 cells had been cultured with neutrophils, we detected myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cell viability. We found that PS preincubation resulted in significantly decreased IκBα expression and increased expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1, and facilitated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in HK-2 cells. PS preincubation increased MPO activity, leading to elevated leakage rates of LDH and decreased cell viability after neutrophil exposure. Furthermore, the inhibition of NF-κB activity by PDTC significantly upregulated IκBα expression, decreased NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression, downregulated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and decreased MPO activity. This leads to decreased leakage rates of LDH and increased cell viability after neutrophil exposure. Our findings suggest that NF-κB/ICAM-1 pathway may be involved in neutrophil-endothelial interactions and neonatal renal injury after HI.
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Corsini M, Moroni E, Ravelli C, Andrés G, Grillo E, Ali IH, Brazil DP, Presta M, Mitola S. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein mediates the proangiogenic or proinflammatory activity of gremlin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:136-45. [PMID: 24233491 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis and inflammation are closely related processes. Gremlin is a novel noncanonical vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) ligand that induces a proangiogenic response in endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we investigated the role of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) in mediating the proinflammatory and proangiogenic responses of ECs to gremlin. APPROACH AND RESULTS Gremlin induces a proinflammatory response in ECs, leading to reactive oxygen species and cyclic adenosine monophosphate production and the upregulation of proinflammatory molecules involved in leukocyte extravasation, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-2 (Ccl2) and Ccl7, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-1 (Cxcl1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Accordingly, gremlin induces the VEGFR2-dependent phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and transactivating activity of CREB in ECs. CREB activation mediates the early phases of the angiogenic response to gremlin, including stimulation of EC motility and permeability, and leads to monocyte/macrophage adhesion to ECs and their extravasation. All these effects are inhibited by EC transfection with a dominant-negative CREB mutant or with a CREB-binding protein-CREB interaction inhibitor that competes for CREB/CRE binding. Also, both recombinant gremlin and gremlin-expressing tumor cells induce proinflammatory/proangiogenic responses in vivo that are suppressed by the anti-inflammatory drug hydrocortisone. Similar effects were induced by the canonical VEGFR2 ligand VEGF-A165. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results underline the tight cross-talk between angiogenesis and inflammation and demonstrate a crucial role of CREB activation in the modulation of the VEGFR2-mediated proinflammatory/proangiogenic response of ECs to gremlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Corsini
- From the Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (M.C., E.M., C.R., E.G., M.P., S.M.); Electron Microscopy Unit, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain (G.A.); and Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, ICS-A, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK (I.H.A., D.P.B.)
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Hadad N, Burgazliev O, Elgazar-Carmon V, Solomonov Y, Wueest S, Item F, Konrad D, Rudich A, Levy R. Induction of cytosolic phospholipase a2α is required for adipose neutrophil infiltration and hepatic insulin resistance early in the course of high-fat feeding. Diabetes 2013; 62:3053-63. [PMID: 23670971 PMCID: PMC3749346 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In established obesity, inflammation and macrophage recruitment likely contribute to the development of insulin resistance. In the current study, we set out to explore whether adipose tissue infiltration by neutrophils that occurs early (3 days) after initiating a high-fat diet (HFD) could contribute to the early occurrence of hepatic insulin resistance and to determine the role of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) in this process. The 3-day HFD caused a significant upregulation of cPLA2α in periepididymal fat and in the liver. A specific antisense oligonucleotide (AS) effectively prevented cPLA2α induction, neutrophil infiltration into adipose tissue (likely involving MIP-2), and protected against 3-day HFD-induced impairment in hepatic insulin signaling and glucose over-production from pyruvate. To sort out the role of adipose neutrophil infiltration independent of cPLA2α induction in the liver, mice were injected intraperitoneally with anti-intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antibodies. This effectively prevented neutrophil infiltration without affecting cPLA2α or MIP-2, but like AS, prevented impairment in hepatic insulin signaling, the enhanced pyruvate-to-glucose flux, and the impaired insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production (assessed by clamp), which were induced by the 3-day HFD. Adipose tissue secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased by the 3-day HFD, but not if mice were treated with AS or ICAM-1 antibodies. Moreover, systemic TNF-α neutralization prevented 3-day HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance, suggesting its mediatory role. We propose that an acute, cPLA2α-dependent, neutrophil-dominated inflammatory response of adipose tissue contributes to hepatic insulin resistance and glucose overproduction in the early adaptation to high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Hadad
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Laboratory, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka Medical University Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Olga Burgazliev
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Laboratory, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka Medical University Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Vered Elgazar-Carmon
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Laboratory, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka Medical University Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Solomonov
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Laboratory, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka Medical University Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children Research’s Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Item
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children Research’s Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children Research’s Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka Medical University Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Levy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Laboratory, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka Medical University Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Corresponding author: Rachel Levy,
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Nakayama K. cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and NF-κB transcription factors are activated during prolonged hypoxia and cooperatively regulate the induction of matrix metalloproteinase MMP1. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22584-95. [PMID: 23775082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.421636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Responses to low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) are essential to maintain homeostasis. During the hypoxic response, gene expression is altered by various transcription factors. The transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), plays a central role in the hypoxic response. The α subunit of HIF, which is actively degraded during normoxia, becomes stabilized during hypoxia, which leads to HIF activation. A microarray analysis of HeLa cells showed that expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) was markedly induced during prolonged hypoxia. CREB and NF-κB binding sites were identified in the MMP1 promoter region between 1945 and 1896 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site. Assays with luciferase reporters demonstrated that HIF activity was induced during the early phase of hypoxia, whereas CREB and NF-κB were activated during the later (prolonged) phase. Depletion of CREB and/or NF-κB reduced MMP1 induction during prolonged hypoxia both at the mRNA and protein levels. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated binding of CREB and NF-κB to the MMP1 promoter. Finally, cell migration and invasion on a collagen matrix and pulmonary metastasis in nude mice were inhibited after depletion of CREB and NF-κB in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the cooperative action of CREB and NF-κB plays an important role to induce MMP1 expression during prolonged hypoxia and regulates cell migration and invasion in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Nakayama
- Oxygen Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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45
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Xiao X, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:167-86. [PMID: 23287428 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the seminiferous epithelial cycle, restructuring takes places at the Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interface to accommodate spermatogonia/spermatogonial stem cell renewal via mitosis, cell cycle progression and meiosis, spermiogenesis and spermiation since developing germ cells, in particular spermatids, move 'up and down' the seminiferous epithelium. Furthermore, preleptotene spermatocytes differentiated from type B spermatogonia residing at the basal compartment must traverse the blood-testis barrier (BTB) to enter the adluminal compartment to prepare for meiosis at Stage VIII of the epithelial cycle, a process also accompanied by the release of sperm at spermiation. These cellular events that take place at the opposite ends of the epithelium are co-ordinated by a functional axis designated the apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES)-BTB-basement membrane. However, the regulatory molecules that co-ordinate cellular events in this axis are not known. METHODS Literature was searched at http://www.pubmed.org and http://scholar.google.com to identify published findings regarding intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and the regulation of this axis. RESULTS Members of the ICAM family, namely ICAM-1 and ICAM-2, and the biologically active soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) are the likely regulatory molecules that co-ordinate these events. sICAM-1 and ICAM-1 have antagonistic effects on the Sertoli cell tight junction-permeability barrier, involved in Sertoli cell BTB restructuring, whereas ICAM-2 is restricted to the apical ES, regulating spermatid adhesion during the epithelial cycle. Studies in other epithelia/endothelia on the role of the ICAM family in regulating cell movement are discussed and this information has been evaluated and integrated into studies of these proteins in the testis to create a hypothetical model, depicting how ICAMs regulate junction restructuring events during spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS ICAMs are crucial regulatory molecules of spermatogenesis. The proposed hypothetical model serves as a framework in designing functional experiments for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Zhang C, Bai N, Chang A, Zhang Z, Yin J, Shen W, Tian Y, Xiang R, Liu C. ATF4 is directly recruited by TLR4 signaling and positively regulates TLR4-trigged cytokine production in human monocytes. Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 10:84-94. [PMID: 23241898 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sentinels of the host defense system, which recognize a large number of microbial pathogens. The host defense system may be inefficient or inflammatory diseases may develop if microbial recognition by TLRs and subsequent TLR-triggered cytokine production are deregulated. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a member of the ATF/CREB transcription factor family, is an important factor that participates in several pathophysiological processes. In this report, we found that ATF4 is also involved in the TLR-mediated innate immune response, which participates in TLR4 signal transduction and mediates the secretion of a variety of cytokines. We observed that ATF4 is activated and translocates to the nucleus following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation via the TLR4-MyD88-dependent pathway. Additionally, a cytokine array assay showed that some key inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES, are positively regulated by ATF4. We also demonstrate that c-Jun directly binds to ATF4, thereby promoting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results indicate that ATF4 acts as a positive regulator in TLR4-triggered cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Protective effect of PNU-120596, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-positive allosteric modulator, on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 59:507-13. [PMID: 22343370 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31824c86c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has been found to exert a protective role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is a regulator of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway; however, little information is available on the effect of α7nAChR on MIRI. In the present study, we hypothesized that 1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-(5-methyl-isoxanol-3-yl)-urea (PNU-120596), a potent positive allosteric modulator of α7nAChR, could play a protective role on MIRI. Fifty-five rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: Sham group, ischemia-reperfusion group, PNU-120596 group, α-bungarotoxin group. Compared with ischemia-reperfusion group, PNU-120596 treatment markedly decreased infarct size, ultrastructural damage, serum creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Serum proinflammatory cytokine production, myocardium endothelial activation and neutrophil infiltration, myocardium malondialdehyde were also significantly decreased, accompanied by increased myocardium superoxide dismutase production, in the PNU-120596 group compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group. Meanwhile, we observed a significant inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation in PNU-120596 group compared with ischemia-reperfusion group. Pretreatment of α7nAChR-selective antagonist, α-bungarotoxin, abolished all the protective effects of PNU-120596 on MIRI. In conclusion, PNU might have a protective effect against MIRI. Its action mechanisms might be involved in the inhibition of inflammatory responses, attenuation of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of nuclear factor kappa B activity.
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48
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Hadad N, Levy R. The synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene, lutein, β-carotene, and carnosic acid combinations via redox-based inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1381-91. [PMID: 22889596 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators and cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of a vast number of human diseases; therefore much attention is focused on blunting their proinflammatory modes of action. The aims of the present research were to assess the effectiveness of combinations of carotenoids and phenolics, at concentrations that can be achieved in blood, to inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators from macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to determine what the anti-inflammatory effect of the phytonutrient combinations was in an in vivo mouse model of peritonitis. Preincubation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with lycopene (1 μM) or Lyc-O-Mato (1 μM) and carnosic acid (2 μM), lutein (1 μM), and/or β-carotene (2 μM) 1h before addition of LPS for 24 h caused a synergistic inhibition of NO, prostaglandin E(2), and superoxide production derived from downregulation of iNOS, COX-2, and NADPH oxidase protein and mRNA expression and synergistic inhibition of TNFα secretion. We surmise that the anti-inflammatory action of the phytonutrient combinations used probably resides in their antioxidant properties, because they caused an immediate, efficient, and synergistic inhibition of LPS-induced internal superoxide production leading to a marked decrease in ERK and NF-κB activation. The anti-inflammatory effects of the selected phytonutrient combinations were also demonstrated in a mouse model of peritonitis: their supplementation in drinking water resulted in attenuation of neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneal cavity and in inhibition of inflammatory mediator production by peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Hadad
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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49
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Lai CY, Ou YC, Chang CY, Pan HC, Chang CJ, Liao SL, Su HL, Chen CJ. Endothelial Japanese encephalitis virus infection enhances migration and adhesion of leukocytes to brain microvascular endothelia via MEK-dependent expression of ICAM1 and the CINC and RANTES chemokines. J Neurochem 2012; 123:250-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Chuan Ou
- Division of Urology; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery; Fong-Yuan Hospital; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jung Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences; Central Taiwan University of Sciences and Technology; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Education and Research; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- Department of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung; Taiwan
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50
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Yun SP, Park SS, Ryu JM, Park JH, Kim MO, Lee JH, Han HJ. Mechanism of PKA-dependent and lipid-raft independent stimulation of Connexin43 expression by oxytoxin in mouse embryonic stem cells. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1144-57. [PMID: 22564436 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies shows that connexins appear very early during murine embryo development, the gap junctional intercellular communication found in the inner cell mass of early embryo is also maintained in embryonic stem cells (ESC), and expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) is developmentally regulated at early embryonic development. However, effect of oxytocin (OT) on the regulation of the connexin43 (Cx43) and maintenance of undifferentiation is not fully understood in stem cells. Therefore, we investigated the effect of OT on Cx43 expression and related signaling cascades in mouse ESC. OT increased Cx43 expression that was inhibited by the OTR inhibitor atosiban. In experiments to examine whether the effect of OT depends on lipid rafts, caveolin-1 (cav-1), cav-2, and flotillin-2, but not OTR, were detected in lipid raft fractions. Also, colocalization of OTR, cav-1, and cav-2 was not detected. Moreover, the lipid raft disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin did not attenuate OT-induced Cx43 expression. In experiments to examine related signaling pathways, OT activated cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) which was inhibited by adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536 and PKA inhibitor PKI. OT increased nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) phosphorylation which was inhibited by PKI. OT also increased cAMP response element-binding (CREB)/CREB-binding protein (CBP) expression in the nucleus and induced the formation of CREB1/NF-κB/CBP complexes, which was blocked by the NF-κB-specific small interfering RNA, NF-κB inhibitors, SN50, and bay11-7082. Complex disruption by NF-κB inhibitors decreased OT-induced Cx43 expression. In conclusion, OT stimulates Cx43 expression through the NF-κB/CREB/CBP complex via the lipid raft-independent OTR-mediated cAMP/PKA in mouse ESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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