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Drygiannakis I, Kolios G, Filidou E, Bamias G, Valatas V. Intestinal Stromal Cells in the Turmoil of Inflammation and Defective Connective Tissue Remodeling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae066. [PMID: 38581412 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In steady state, intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts form a thin layer below the basement membrane. Unlike the rest of the stromal cells in the lamina propria, they express tensile proteins, guide epithelial regeneration, and sense luminal microbiota. Upon inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they express activation markers, accept trophic signaling by infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages, and are activated by cytokines from helper T cells to produce a narrow spectrum of cytokines and a wider spectrum of chemokines, attract cells of innate and adaptive immunity, orchestrate inflammatory responses, and qualitatively and quantitatively modify the extracellular matrix. Thus, beyond being structural tissue components, they assume active roles in the pathogenesis of complicated IBD. Discrimination between myofibroblasts and fibroblasts may be an oversimplification in light of single-cell sequencing data unveiling the complexity of multiple phenotypes of stromal cells with distinct roles and plasticity. Spatial transcriptomics revealed distinct phenotypes by histologic localization and, more intriguingly, the assembly of mucosal neighborhoods that support spatially distinct functions. Current IBD treatments target inflammation but fail in fibrostenotic or fistulizing disease. Baseline and recent findings on stromal cells, molecules, and pathways involved in disrupted extracellular matrix homeostasis are reviewed to provide relevant pharmacologic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Third Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Valatas
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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2
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Rokni M, Sadeghi Shaker M, Kavosi H, Shokoofi S, Mahmoudi M, Farhadi E. The role of endothelin and RAS/ERK signaling in immunopathogenesis-related fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis: an updated review with therapeutic implications. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:108. [PMID: 35562771 PMCID: PMC9102675 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disease of connective tissue with high rate of morbidity and mortality highlighted by extreme fibrosis affecting various organs such as the dermis, lungs, and heart. Until now, there is no specific cure for the fibrosis occurred in SSc disease. The SSc pathogenesis is yet unknown, but transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and Ras-ERK1/2 cascade are the main factors contributing to the tissue fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Several studies have hallmarked the association of ET-1 with or without TGF-β and Ras-ERK1/2 signaling in the development of SSc disease, vasculopathy, and fibrosis of the dermis, lungs, and several organs. Accordingly, different clinical and experimental studies have indicated the potential therapeutic role of ET-1 and Ras antagonists in these situations in SSc. In addition, ET-1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a cofactor of the TGF-β cascade play a substantial initiative role in inducing fibrosis. Once initiated, TGF-β alone or in combination with ET-1 and CTGF can activate several kinase proteins such as the Ras-ERK1/2 pathway that serve as the fundamental factor for developing fibrosis. Furthermore, Salirasib is a synthetic small molecule that is able to inhibit all Ras forms. Therefore, it can be used as a potent therapeutic factor for fibrotic disorders. So, this review discusses the role of TGF-β/ET-1/Ras signaling and their involvement in SSc pathogenesis, particularly in its fibrotic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Sadeghi Shaker
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Kavosi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Shokoofi
- Rheumatology Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Baumann P, Greco F, Wiegert S, Wellmann S, Pellegrini G, Cannizzaro V. Macitentan attenuates cardiovascular remodelling in infant rats with chronic lung disease. J Transl Med 2022; 20:77. [PMID: 35123510 PMCID: PMC8818179 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular impairment contributes to increased mortality in preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Macitentan, an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, has the potential to attenuate pulmonary and cardiovascular remodelling.
Methods
In a prospective randomized placebo-controlled intervention trial, Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to 0.21 or 1.0 fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) for 19 postnatal days. Rats were treated via gavage with placebo or macitentan from days of life 5 to 19. Alveoli, pulmonary vessels, α-smooth muscle actin content in pulmonary arterioles, size of cardiomyocytes, right to left ventricular wall diameter ratio, and endothelin-1 plasma concentrations were assessed.
Results
FiO2 1.0 induced typical features of chronic lung disease with significant alveolar enlargement (p = 0.012), alveolar (p = 0.048) and pulmonary vessel rarefaction (p = 0.024), higher α-smooth muscle actin content in pulmonary arterioles (p = 0.009), higher right to left ventricular wall diameter ratio (p = 0.02), and larger cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (p < 0.001). Macitentan treatment significantly increased pulmonary vessel count (p = 0.004) and decreased right to left ventricular wall diameter ratios (p = 0.002). Endothelin-1 plasma concentrations were higher compared to placebo (p = 0.015). Alveolar number and size, α-smooth muscle actin, and the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area remained unchanged (all p > 0.05).
Conclusion
The endothelin-1 receptor antagonist macitentan attenuated cardiovascular remodelling in an infant rat model for preterm chronic lung disease. This study underscores the potential of macitentan to reduce cardiovascular morbidity in preterm infants with chronic lung disease.
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Respiratory morbidity in preterm infants predicted by natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1). Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1478-1484. [PMID: 33958715 PMCID: PMC8100356 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication in preterm infants <32 weeks. We aimed to assess whether plasma levels of mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1) predict respiratory morbidity. METHODS This was a prospective, two-center, observational cohort study. MR-proANP and CT-proET-1 were measured at day 7 (±2) of life. Associations with duration of supplemental oxygen and the composite outcome of moderate or severe BPD or death (BPD/death) were investigated. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-nine infants <32 weeks were included (median gestational age [GA] 29.6 weeks [interquartile range 29.0-30.7], median birth weight 1150 g [IQR 840-1410]). MR-proANP and CT-proET-1 were associated with the duration of supplemental oxygen in univariable analysis (both p < 0.001) but not after adjusting for co-factors. Infants with BPD/death showed higher plasma levels of MR-proANP (623.50 pmol/L [IQR 458.50-881.38] vs. 308.35 pmol/L [IQR 216.72-538.10]; p < 0.001) and CT-proET-1 (255.40 pmol/L [IQR 202.60-311.15] vs. 198.30 pmol/L [IQR 154.70-297.95]; p = 0.015) compared to infants without BPD/death. Levels of both biomarkers were significantly associated with BPD/death in univariable models but not after adjusting for co-factors. CONCLUSIONS MR-proANP and CT-proET-1 are associated with the duration of supplemental oxygen and the composite outcome BPD/death, but their prognostic value does not complement that of clinical risk factors. IMPACT Plasma levels of MR-proANP and CT-proET-1, measured on day 7 of life (±2 days) are associated in univariable analyses with duration of supplemental oxygen and the combined outcome of BPD or death in VLGA infants. Associations between both biomarkers and respiratory morbidity do not persist in multivariable models, in particular when gestational age is included. MR-proANP and CT-proET-1 have limited additional value to predict respiratory morbidity in VLGA infants compared to clinical parameters.
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Catar R, Herse-Naether M, Zhu N, Wagner P, Wischnewski O, Kusch A, Kamhieh-Milz J, Eisenreich A, Rauch U, Hegner B, Heidecke H, Kill A, Riemekasten G, Kleinau G, Scheerer P, Dragun D, Philippe A. Autoantibodies Targeting AT 1- and ET A-Receptors Link Endothelial Proliferation and Coagulation via Ets-1 Transcription Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:244. [PMID: 35008670 PMCID: PMC8745726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is an acute life-threatening manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc) caused by obliterative vasculopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy. Evidence suggests a pathogenic role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) targeting G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). We therefore dissected SRC-associated vascular obliteration and investigated the specific effects of patient-derived IgG directed against angiotensin II type 1 (AT1R) and endothelin-1 type A receptors (ETAR) on downstream signaling events and endothelial cell proliferation. SRC-IgG triggered endothelial cell proliferation via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and subsequent activation of the E26 transformation-specific-1 transcription factor (Ets-1). Either AT1R or ETAR receptor inhibitors/shRNA abrogated endothelial proliferation, confirming receptor activation and Ets-1 signaling involvement. Binding of Ets-1 to the tissue factor (TF) promoter exclusively induced TF. In addition, TF inhibition prevented endothelial cell proliferation. Thus, our data revealed a thus far unknown link between SRC-IgG-induced intracellular signaling, endothelial cell proliferation and active coagulation in the context of obliterative vasculopathy and SRC. Patients' autoantibodies and their molecular effectors represent new therapeutic targets to address severe vascular complications in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.-N.); (N.Z.); (P.W.); (O.W.); (A.K.); (B.H.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Herse-Naether
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.-N.); (N.Z.); (P.W.); (O.W.); (A.K.); (B.H.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.-N.); (N.Z.); (P.W.); (O.W.); (A.K.); (B.H.)
- Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Philine Wagner
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.-N.); (N.Z.); (P.W.); (O.W.); (A.K.); (B.H.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oskar Wischnewski
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.-N.); (N.Z.); (P.W.); (O.W.); (A.K.); (B.H.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Kusch
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.-N.); (N.Z.); (P.W.); (O.W.); (A.K.); (B.H.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- Department of Cardiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.E.); (U.R.)
| | - Ursula Rauch
- Department of Cardiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.E.); (U.R.)
| | - Björn Hegner
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.-N.); (N.Z.); (P.W.); (O.W.); (A.K.); (B.H.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Vitanas Klinik für Geriatrie, 13435 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Angela Kill
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A. Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (G.R.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A. Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (G.R.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (G.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (G.K.); (P.S.)
- DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf Forschung), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Duska Dragun
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.-N.); (N.Z.); (P.W.); (O.W.); (A.K.); (B.H.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurelie Philippe
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.-N.); (N.Z.); (P.W.); (O.W.); (A.K.); (B.H.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Liu JC, Chen YT, Hsieh YJ, Wu CC, Huang MC, Hsu YC, Wu CT, Chen CK, Dash S, Yu JS. Association of urinary ketamine and APOA1 levels with bladder dysfunction in ketamine abusers revealed via proteomics and targeted metabolite analyses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9583. [PMID: 33953300 PMCID: PMC8099891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ketamine abuse is associated with bladder dysfunction and cystitis. However, the effects of ketamine abuse on the urinary proteome profile and the correlations among urinary proteins, urinary ketamine (and metabolites) and clinicopathological features of ketamine-induced bladder dysfunction remain to be established. Here, we recruited 56 ketamine abusers (KA) and 40 age-matched healthy controls (HC) and applied the iTRAQ-based proteomics approach to unravel quantitative changes in the urine proteome profile between the two groups. Many of the differentially regulated proteins are involved in the complement and coagulation cascades and/or fibrotic disease. Among them, a significant increase in APOA1 levels in KA relative to control samples (392.1 ± 59.9 ng/ml vs. 13.7 ± 32.6 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) was detected via ELISA. Moreover, urinary ketamine, norketamine and dehydronorketamine contents (measured via LC-SRM-MS) were found to be positively correlated with overactive bladder syndrome score (OABSS) and APOA1 levels with urinary RBC, WBC, OABSS and numeric pain rating scale in KA. Collectively, our results may aid in developing new molecular tool(s) for management of ketamine-induced bladder dysfunction. Moreover, information regarding the differentially regulated proteins in urine of KA provides valuable clues to establish the molecular mechanisms underlying ketamine-induced cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Chuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Hsieh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Hsu
- Department of Urology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Te Wu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ken Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Srinivas Dash
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.
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Bikov A, Meszaros M, Schwarz EI. Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062834. [PMID: 33799528 PMCID: PMC8000922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disease which is characterised by repetitive collapse of the upper airways during sleep resulting in chronic intermittent hypoxaemia and frequent microarousals, consequently leading to sympathetic overflow, enhanced oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. OSA is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and accelerated coagulation, platelet activation, and impaired fibrinolysis serve the link between OSA and cardiovascular disease. In this article we briefly describe physiological coagulation and fibrinolysis focusing on processes which could be altered in OSA. Then, we discuss how OSA-associated disturbances, such as hypoxaemia, sympathetic system activation, and systemic inflammation, affect these processes. Finally, we critically review the literature on OSA-related changes in markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis, discuss potential reasons for discrepancies, and comment on the clinical implications and future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bikov
- North West Lung Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9MT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-161-291-2493; Fax: +44-161-291-5730
| | - Martina Meszaros
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Esther Irene Schwarz
- Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Centre of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Stefanov G, Briyal S, Pais G, Puppala B, Gulati A. Relationship Between Oxidative Stress Markers and Endothelin-1 Levels in Newborns of Different Gestational Ages. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:279. [PMID: 32582590 PMCID: PMC7280445 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from excessive reactive oxygen species formation and/or inadequate antioxidant defense. Premature and critically ill infants are especially susceptible due to an immature intrinsic antioxidant system that cannot fully compensate for a free radical load. Oxidative stress is also associated with endothelial dysfunction and alterations in Endothelin-1 (ET-1) signaling pathways. However, the effects of the complex interaction between oxidative stress and ET-1 in newborns are not well-understood. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the relationship between levels of common oxidative stress biomarkers [glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA)] and ET-1 in newborns of different gestational ages. In a level IV NICU, 63 neonates were prospectively enrolled and divided into groups based on gestational age at birth: Early Preterm (24 0/7-30 6/7 weeks), Late Preterm (31 0/7-36 6/7 weeks), and Term (37 0/7-42 weeks). Umbilical cord (1.5 mL) and 24(±4) h of life (24 h) (1 mL) blood samples were collected for GSH, MDA, and ET-1 analyses. GSH, MDA, and ET-1 were determined using established methodology. Mean cord MDA levels for all age groups, Early Preterm (2.93 ± 0.08 pg/ml), Late Preterm (2.73 ± 0.15 pg/ml), and Term (2.92 ± 0.13 pg/ml), were significantly higher than those at 24 h of life (p < 0.001). Mean cord ET-1 levels were significantly higher than 24 h samples in both Early and Late Preterm groups (p < 0.05). Cord and 24 h ET-1 levels did not correlate with MDA and GSH levels at birth (r2 = 0.03, p > 0.05 and r2 = 0.001, p > 0.05, respectively) or 24 h of life (r2 = 0.001, p > 0.05 and r2 = 0.03, p > 0.05, respectively). Preterm neonates exposed to prenatal corticosteroids (1.87 ± 0.31 pg/ml) had lower cord MDA levels than non-exposed neonates (2.85 ± 0.12 pg/ml) (p < 0.05). Both cord and 24 h OS markers were significantly higher in neonates treated with oxygen therapy (p < 0.005 and p < 0.05, respectively) than those who did not receive supplemental oxygen. Oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH) and ET-1 levels act independently. MDA is higher in cord blood than at 24 h of life regardless of gestational age. In preterm neonates, ET-1 levels are higher in umbilical cord blood compared to 24 h of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gospodin Stefanov
- Division of Neonatology, Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, United States
| | - Seema Briyal
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Gwendolyn Pais
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Bhagya Puppala
- Division of Neonatology, Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, United States
| | - Anil Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
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9
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Wang X, Cui H, Wu S. CTGF: A potential therapeutic target for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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UVA and UVB radiation induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by human polymorphonuclear cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 196:111511. [PMID: 31129510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation (UV) leads to its damage and loss of protective properties. This condition called photoaging of the skin is caused by a number of destructive factors, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteolytic enzymes that cause damage to the extracellular matrix, e.g. collagen fibers. Many cells of the immune system, including neutrophils, are involved in the photoaging process. The presence of neutrophils in the skin exposed to UV irradiation is known; however, the mechanism of neutrophil activity at these conditions remains unclear. In our study, we focused on the ability of neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the role of these structures in the photoaging process. NET release occurs in response to various stimuli; however, we hereby showed that the UVA and UVB radiation that reaches the Earth's surface could activate the mechanism of netosis. UV-induced netosis was much faster than that activated by chemical or biological factors; however, it also occurred due to the production of ROS, known signal mediators in netosis. In this work, we also identified the probable netosis signaling pathway involved in the neutrophil response to UV. The participation of NET components may explain the ongoing process of skin photoaging, but it is also important to indicate netosis as a potential target for skin protection therapy. Antioxidants tested in this work, such as N-acetylcysteine, ethamsylate, as well as vitamin B1 (thiamine), can successfully inhibit UV-induced netosis, and thus be used as protective components against the negative effects of solar radiation.
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11
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Baumann P, Wiegert S, Greco F, Wellmann S, L'Abate P, Cannizzaro V. Mechanical ventilation strategies alter cardiovascular biomarkers in an infant rat model. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29380954 PMCID: PMC5789718 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is routinely used in pediatric general anesthesia and critical care, but may adversely affect the cardiocirculatory system. Biomarkers are increasingly measured to assess cardiovascular status and improve clinical treatment decision-making. As the impact of mechanical ventilation strategies on cardiovascular biomarkers in ventilated infants is largely unknown, we conducted this retrospective study in a healthy in vivo infant rat ventilation model using 14-days old Wistar rats. We hypothesized that 2 h of mechanical ventilation with high and low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), hyperoxemia, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and hypocapnia would significantly impact B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endothelin-1 (ET-1). We found BNP to be driven by both high (9 cmH2 O) and low (1 cmH2 O) PEEP compared to ventilated control animals (P < 0.05). VEGF concentrations were associated with high PEEP, hyperoxemia, hypoxemia, and hypocapnia (P < 0.05), whereas ET-1 levels were changed only in response to hypoxemia (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the mode of mechanical ventilation alters plasma biomarker concentrations. Moreover, BNP and VEGF might serve as surrogate parameters for ventilation induced cardiovascular compromise and lung tissue damage. Furthermore, our data support the hypothesis, that sudden onset of hyperoxemia may trigger a quick VEGF release as a possible cellular survival reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumann
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wiegert
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Greco
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Wellmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pietro L'Abate
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Cannizzaro
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Bouros E, Filidou E, Arvanitidis K, Mikroulis D, Steiropoulos P, Bamias G, Bouros D, Kolios G. Lung fibrosis-associated soluble mediators and bronchoalveolar lavage from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients promote the expression of fibrogenic factors in subepithelial lung myofibroblasts. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:78-87. [PMID: 28865842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, excessive collagen production and accumulation of myofibroblasts. We explored the possible role of subepithelial lung myofibroblasts (SELMs) in the development of fibrosis in IPF. SELMs, isolated from surgical specimens of healthy lung tissue, were cultured with pro-inflammatory factors or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with IPF or idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP) and their fibrotic activity was assessed. Stimulation of SELMs with pro-inflammatory factors induced a significant increase of Tissue Factor (TF) and Tumor necrosis factor-Like cytokine 1 A (TL1A) expression and collagen production in culture supernatants. Stimulation with BALF from IPF patients with mild to moderate, but not severe disease, and from iNSIP patients induced a significant increase of TF expression. BALF from all IPF patients induced a significant increase of TL1A expression and collagen production, while BALF from iNSIP patients induced a significant increase of TL1A, but not of collagen production. Interestingly, TGF-β1 and BALF from all IPF, but not iNSIP patients, induced a significant increase in SELMs migration. In conclusion, BALF from IPF patients induces fibrotic activity in lung myofibroblasts, similar to mediators associated with lung fibrosis, indicating a key role of SELMs in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Bouros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Mikroulis
- Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Pneumonology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - George Bamias
- Gastroenterology Department of Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit of 1st Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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13
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Valatas V, Filidou E, Drygiannakis I, Kolios G. Stromal and immune cells in gut fibrosis: the myofibroblast and the scarface. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:393-404. [PMID: 28655975 PMCID: PMC5479991 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-inflammatory scarring is the end-result of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and tissue architectural destruction. It represents a failure to effectively remodel ECM and achieve proper reinstitution and healing during chronic relapsing inflammatory processes. Scarring may affect the functionality of any organ, and in the case of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated fibrosis leads to stricture formation and often surgery to remove the affected bowel. The activated myofibroblast is the final effector cell that overproduces ECM under the influence of various mediators generated by an intense interplay of classic and non-classic immune cells. This review focuses on how proinflammatory mediators from various sources produced in different stages of intestinal inflammation can form profibrotic pathways that eventually lead to tissue scarring through sustained activation of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Valatas
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion (Vassilis Valatas, Ioannis Drygiannakis)
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis (Eirini Filidou, George Kolios), Greece
| | - Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion (Vassilis Valatas, Ioannis Drygiannakis)
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis (Eirini Filidou, George Kolios), Greece
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14
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Gien J, Tseng N, Seedorf G, Kuhn K, Abman SH. Endothelin-1-Rho kinase interactions impair lung structure and cause pulmonary hypertension after bleomycin exposure in neonatal rat pups. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1090-L1100. [PMID: 27760762 PMCID: PMC5206397 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00066.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the chronic lung disease associated with premature birth, characterized by impaired vascular and alveolar growth. In neonatal rats bleomycin decreases lung growth and causes pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is poorly responsive to nitric oxide. In the developing lung, through Rho kinase (ROCK) activation, ET-1 impairs endothelial cell function; however, whether ET-1-ROCK interactions contribute to impaired vascular and alveolar growth in experimental BPD is unknown. Neonatal rats were treated daily with intraperitoneal bleomycin with and without selective ETA (BQ123/BQ610) and ETB (BQ788) receptor blockers, nonselective ET receptor blocker (ETRB) (bosentan), or fasudil (ROCK inhibitor). At day 14, lungs were harvested for morphometrics, and measurements of Fulton's index (RV/LV+S), medial wall thickness (MWT), and vessel density. Lung ET-1 protein and ROCK activity (phospho-MYPT-1:total MYPT-1 ratio) were also measured by Western blot analysis. Bleomycin increased lung ET-1 protein expression by 65%, RV/LV+S by 60%, mean linear intercept (MLI) by 212%, and MWT by 140% and decreased radial alveolar count (RAC) and vessel density by 40 and 44%, respectively (P < 0.01 for each comparison). After bleomycin treatment, fasudil and bosentan partially restored RAC and vessel density and decreased MLI, RV/LV+S, and MWT to normal values. Bleomycin increased ROCK activity by 120%, which was restored to normal values by bosentan but not selective ETRB. We conclude that ET-1-ROCK interactions contribute to decreased alveolar and vascular growth and PH in experimental BPD. We speculate that nonselective ETRB and ROCK inhibitors may be effective in the treatment of infants with BPD and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gien
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado;
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nancy Tseng
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gregory Seedorf
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katherine Kuhn
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Steven H Abman
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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15
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Inhibition of β-catenin signaling protects against CTGF-induced alveolar and vascular pathology in neonatal mouse lung. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:136-44. [PMID: 26991260 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common and serious chronic lung disease of premature infants. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays an important role in tissue development and remodeling. We have previously shown that targeted overexpression of CTGF in alveolar type II epithelial cells results in BPD-like pathology and activates β-catenin in neonatal mice. METHODS Utilizing this transgenic mouse model and ICG001, a specific pharmacological inhibitor of β-catenin, we tested the hypothesis that β-catenin signaling mediates the effects of CTGF in the neonatal lung. Newborn CTGF mice and control littermates received ICG001 (10 mg/kg/dose) or placebo (dimethyl sulfoxide, equal volume) by daily i.p. injection from postnatal day 5 to 15. Alveolarization, vascular development, and pulmonary hypertension (PH) were analyzed. RESULTS Administration of ICG001 significantly downregulated expression of cyclin D1, collagen 1a1, and fibronectin, which are the known target genes of β-catenin signaling in CTGF lungs. Inhibition of β-catenin signaling improved alveolar and vascular development and decreased pulmonary vascular remodeling. More importantly, the improved vascular development and vascular remodeling led to a decrease in PH. CONCLUSION β-Catenin signaling mediates the autocrine and paracrine effects of CTGF in the neonatal lung. Inhibition of CTGF-β-catenin signaling may provide a novel therapy for BPD.
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16
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Stefanov G, Puppala BL, Pais G, Gulati A. Endothelin-1 levels and renal function in newborns of various gestational ages. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2016; 9:145-152. [PMID: 27197927 DOI: 10.3233/npm-16915078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal failure is common in the NICU; Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs in 8-24% of admissions. Although AKI is preventable with early diagnosis, no reliable AKI biomarkers exist. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in renal pathogenesis, and elevated urinary ET-1 (uET-1) levels may correlate with progression of renal dysfunction. The study objectives were to determine whether uET-1 levels correlate with renal function parameters and/or fetal growth restriction, and if uET-1 is a potential neonatal AKI biomarker. METHODS Sixty-three neonates were enrolled and divided into gestational age (GA) groups by weeks: 1) (24-30 6/7; n = 24); 2) (31-36 6/7; n = 26); and 3) (37-42; n = 13). Additional preterm subgroups for fetal growth restriction analysis included: 1) Appropriate for GA (AGA; n = 40), and 2) Small for GA (SGA; n = 10). ET-1 levels, measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, were collected at birth (cord blood) and 24 h ( ± 4) of life (blood/urine). RESULTS No correlation was found between uET-1 and blood plasma levels at birth (r = 0.15; p > 0.05) or 24 h (r = 0.17; p > 0.05). uET-1 negatively correlated with GA (r = -0.44; p < 0.001) and GFR (r = -0.34; p < 0.01). uET-1 levels did not correlate with creatinine (r = 0.13; p > 0.05), BUN (r = 0.19; p > 0.05), BUN/Cr ratio (r = 0.15; p > 0.05), or urinary output (r = 0.12; p > 0.05). In fetal growth restriction subgroup analyses: uET-1 levels negatively correlated with GFR in the PT-AGA subgroup (r = -0.38; p = 0.017), but not with PT-SGA (r = 0.01; p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Plasma and uET-1 levels did not correlate; therefore, renal ET-1 excretion may reflect renal ET-1 production. uET-1 levels correlated negatively with GA and GFR. uET-1 may be a marker of impaired neonatal circulatory regulation and consequent renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stefanov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital/Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
- Advocate Medical Group, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - B L Puppala
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital/Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
- Advocate Medical Group, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - G Pais
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - A Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
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17
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Chen YC, Chen BC, Yu CC, Lin SH, Lin CH. miR-19a, -19b, and -26b Mediate CTGF Expression and Pulmonary Fibroblast Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2236-48. [PMID: 26873752 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation with intracellular signaling cascade disruption has been demonstrated in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis, the relationship between miRNAs and intracellular signaling cascades in pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. Using the human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line WI-38, we observed endothelin-1 (ET-1)- and thrombin-induced expression of the differentiation markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin along with increased connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein expression. Decreased CTGF protein expression by CTGF siRNA significantly blocked ET-1- and thrombin-induced α-SMA and vimentin expression in WI-38 cells. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 contributed to ET-1- and thrombin-induced CTGF, α-SMA, and vimentin expression in WI-38 cells. TargetScan Human, miRanda, and PicTar prediction algorithms were used to predict miRNAs with binding sites in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of CTGF mRNA. miR-19a, -19b, and -26b were candidate miRNAs of CTGF. Direct binding of the candidate miRNAs to the 3'-UTR of CTGF mRNA was verified through luciferase assay by using SV40-promoter-IRES-driven luciferase containing the 3'-UTR of CTGF mRNA as a reporter plasmid. ET-1 and thrombin reduced candidate miRNA levels. Candidate miRNA overexpression significantly suppressed ET-1- and thrombin-induced CTGF expression and reduced α-SMA and vimentin expression in the WI-38 cells. Furthermore, candidate miRNA levels were decreased in the lung tissues of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and intratracheal application of miR-19a, -19b, and 26b reduced the pulmonary fibrotic severity induced by bleomycin. This study is the first to demonstrate crosstalk between MAPK activation and reduction in miR-19a, -19b, and -26b expression leading to lung fibroblast differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2236-2248, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Chang Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hua Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Intraperitoneal application of phospholipids for the prevention of postoperative adhesions: a possible role of myofibroblasts. J Surg Res 2015; 197:291-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Chilakapati SR, Serasanambati M, Vissavajjhala P, Kanala JR, Chilakapati DR. Amelioration of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model by a combination therapy of bosentan and imatinib. Exp Lung Res 2015; 41:173-88. [PMID: 25844688 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.939312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by alveolitis, progressing into fibrosis. Due to the involvement of both endothelin and platelet-derived growth factor signaling in IPF, combination effects of a bosentan and imatinib were studied in mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Mice subjected to bleomycin instillation (0.05 U) and were administered with either bosentan (100 mg/kg) and/or imatinib (50 mg/kg). Inflammatory cell count, total protein estimation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung edema, superoxide dismutase, catalase, myeloperoxidase activities, and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining were performed on day 7. Hydroxyproline content, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagens I and III gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -2 activities, trichrome and sirius red staining were performed on day 21. RESULTS Combination treatment with bosentan and imatinib prevented bleomycin-induced mortality and loss of body weight more than the individual agents. On day 7, the combination therapy attenuated bleomycin-induced increase of total and differential inflammatory cell counts, total proteins, lung wet/dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, lung inflammatory cell infiltration more than individual agents alone. Bosentan but not imatinib ameliorated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, which were lowered following bleomycin instillation. On day 21, combination therapy ameliorated bleomycin-induced increase of fibrosis score, collagen deposition, protein and gene expression of SMA, mRNA levels of collagens-I and -III, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 activities more than monotherapy. CONCLUSION Combination of bosentan and imatinib exerted more enhanced protection against bleomycin-induced inflammation and fibrosis than either of the agents alone.
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20
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Sin A, Tang W, Wen CY, Chung SK, Chiu KY. The emerging role of endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of subchondral bone disturbance and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:516-24. [PMID: 25463446 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests reconceptualizing osteoarthritis (OA) as an inflammatory disorder. Trauma and obesity, the common risk factors of OA, could trigger the local or systemic inflammatory cytokines cascade. Inflammatory bone loss has been well documented; yet it remains largely unknown about the link between the inflammation and hypertrophic changes of subchondral bone seen in OA, such as osteophytosis and sclerosis. Amid a cohort of inflammatory cytokines, endothelin-1 (ET-1) could stimulate the osteoblast-mediated bone formation in both physiological (postnatal growth of trabecular bone) and pathological conditions (bone metastasis of prostate or breast cancer). Also, ET-1 is known as a mitogen and contributes to fibrosis in various organs, e.g., skin, liver, lung, kidney heart and etc., as a result of inflammatory or metabolic disorders. Subchondral bone sclerosis shared the similarity with fibrosis in terms of the overproduction of collagen type I. We postulated that ET-1 might have a hand in the subchondral bone sclerosis of OA. Meanwhile, ET-1 was also able to stimulate the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and 13 by articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes, by which it might trigger the enzymatic degradation of articular cartilage. Taken together, ET-1 signaling may play a role in destruction of bone-cartilage unit in the pathogenesis of OA; it warrants further investigations to potentiate ET-1 as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for rescue of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - W Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - S K Chung
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging Center, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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21
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Baumann P, Fouzas S, Pramana I, Grass B, Niesse O, Bührer C, Spanaus K, Wellmann S. Plasma Proendothelin-1 as an Early Marker of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Neonatology 2015; 108:293-6. [PMID: 26355291 DOI: 10.1159/000438979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in preterm infants. Clinical prediction of BPD at an early stage in life is difficult. Plasma proendothelin-1 (CT-proET-1) is a lung injury biomarker in pulmonary hypertension and respiratory distress. OBJECTIVE To assess the prognostic ability of CT-proET-1 in BPD. METHODS In 227 prospectively enrolled preterm infants born at <32 weeks gestational age (GA), plasma CT-proET-1 was measured at birth, day of life (DOL) 2, 3, 6 and 28, and at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). BPD was defined as mild in infants requiring supplemental oxygen at DOL 28 and moderate/severe in those requiring it at 36 weeks PMA. RESULTS The predictive ability of CT-proET-1 for any BPD was poor at birth [area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.654, 95% CI 0.494-0.814], moderate at DOL 2 and 3 (AUC 0.769, 95% CI 0.666-0.872) and excellent at DOL 6 (AUC 0.918, 95% CI 0.840-0.995). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that CT-proET-1 levels at DOL 2, 3, 6 and 28 were strongly related to the duration of oxygen supplementation, independently of GA and the duration of respiratory support. CONCLUSIONS CT-proET-1 is a novel promising biomarker for predicting the development of BPD in preterm infants when measured at the end of the first week of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumann
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Rafail S, Kourtzelis I, Foukas PG, Markiewski MM, DeAngelis RA, Guariento M, Ricklin D, Grice EA, Lambris JD. Complement deficiency promotes cutaneous wound healing in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:1285-91. [PMID: 25548229 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex homeostatic response to injury that engages numerous cellular activities, processes, and cell-to-cell interactions. The complement system, an intricate network of proteins with important roles in immune surveillance and homeostasis, has been implicated in many physiological processes; however, its role in wound healing remains largely unexplored. In this study, we employ a murine model of excisional cutaneous wound healing and show that C3(-/-) mice exhibit accelerated early stages of wound healing. Reconstitution of C3(-/-) mice with serum from C3(+/+) mice or purified human C3 abrogated the accelerated wound-healing phenotype. Wound histology of C3(-/-) mice revealed a reduction in inflammatory infiltrate compared with C3(+/+) mice. C3 deficiency also resulted in increased accumulation of mast cells and advanced angiogenesis. We further show that mice deficient in the downstream complement effector C5 exhibit a similar wound-healing phenotype, which is recapitulated in C5aR1(-/-) mice, but not C3aR(-/-) or C5aR2(-/-) mice. Taken together, these data suggest that C5a signaling through C5aR may in part play a pivotal role in recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells to the wound environment, which in turn could delay the early stages of cutaneous wound healing. These findings also suggest a previously underappreciated role for complement in wound healing, and may have therapeutic implications for conditions of delayed wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Rafail
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Abteilung für Klinische Pathobiochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Periklis G Foukas
- Second Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, 124 62 Greece; and
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robert A DeAngelis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mara Guariento
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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Chakraborty M, McGreal EP, Williams A, Davies PL, Powell W, Abdulla S, Voitenok NN, Hogwood J, Gray E, Spiller B, Chambers RC, Kotecha S. Role of serine proteases in the regulation of interleukin-877 during the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm ventilated infants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114524. [PMID: 25474412 PMCID: PMC4256433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The chemokine interleukin-8 is implicated in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. The 77-amino acid isoform of interleukin-8 (interleukin-877) is a less potent chemoattractant than other shorter isoforms. Although interleukin-877 is abundant in the preterm circulation, its regulation in the preterm lung is unknown. OBJECTIVES To study expression and processing of pulmonary interleukin-877 in preterm infants who did and did not develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. METHODS Total interleukin-8 and interleukin-877 were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from preterm infants by immunoassay. Neutrophil serine proteases were used to assess processing. Neutrophil chemotaxis assays and degranulation of neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase-9 were used to assess interleukin-8 function. MAIN RESULTS Peak total interleukin-8 and interleukin-877 concentrations were increased in infants who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared to those who did not. Shorter forms of interleukin-8 predominated in the preterm lung (96.3% No-bronchopulmonary dysplasia vs 97.1% bronchopulmonary dysplasia, p>0.05). Preterm bronchoalveolar lavage fluid significantly converted exogenously added interleukin-877 to shorter isoforms (p<0.001). Conversion was greater in bronchopulmonary dysplasia infants (p<0.05). This conversion was inhibited by α-1 antitrypsin and antithrombin III (p<0.01). Purified neutrophil serine proteases efficiently converted interleukin-877 to shorter isoforms in a time- and dose-dependent fashion; shorter interleukin-8 isoforms were primarily responsible for neutrophil chemotaxis (p<0.001). Conversion by proteinase-3 resulted in significantly increased interleukin-8 activity in vitro (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Shorter, potent, isoforms interleukin-8 predominate in the preterm lung, and are increased in infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia, due to conversion of interleukin-877 by neutrophil serine proteases and thrombin. Processing of interleukin-8 provides an attractive therapeutic target to prevent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallinath Chakraborty
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Eamon P. McGreal
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Williams
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip L. Davies
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Powell
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Salima Abdulla
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Hogwood
- Division of Haematology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Gray
- Division of Haematology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Brad Spiller
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C. Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sailesh Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Chrysanthopoulou A, Mitroulis I, Apostolidou E, Arelaki S, Mikroulis D, Konstantinidis T, Sivridis E, Koffa M, Giatromanolaki A, Boumpas DT, Ritis K, Kambas K. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote differentiation and function of fibroblasts. J Pathol 2014; 233:294-307. [PMID: 24740698 DOI: 10.1002/path.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil activation by inflammatory stimuli and the release of extracellular chromatin structures (neutrophil extracellular traps - NETs) have been implicated in inflammatory disorders. Herein, we demonstrate that NETs released by neutrophils treated either with fibrosis-related agents, such as cigarette smoke, magnesium silicate, bleomycin, or with generic NET inducers, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, induced activation of lung fibroblasts (LFs) and differentiation into myofibroblast (MF) phenotype. Interestingly, the aforementioned agents or IL-17 (a primary initiator of inflammation/fibrosis) had no direct effect on LF activation and differentiation. MFs treated with NETs demonstrated increased connective tissue growth factor expression, collagen production, and proliferation/migration. These fibrotic effects were significantly decreased after degradation of NETs with DNase1, heparin or myeloperoxidase inhibitor, indicating the key role of NET-derived components in LF differentiation and function. Furthermore, IL-17 was expressed in NETs and promoted the fibrotic activity of differentiated LFs but not their differentiation, suggesting that priming by DNA and histones is essential for IL-17-driven fibrosis. Additionally, autophagy was identified as the orchestrator of NET formation, as shown by inhibition studies using bafilomycin A1 or wortmannin. The above findings were further supported by the detection of NETs in close proximity to alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing fibroblasts in biopsies from patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease or from skin scar tissue. Together, these data suggest that both autophagy and NETs are involved not only in inflammation but also in the ensuing fibrosis and thus may represent potential therapeutic targets in human fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Kambas K, Chrysanthopoulou A, Vassilopoulos D, Apostolidou E, Skendros P, Girod A, Arelaki S, Froudarakis M, Nakopoulou L, Giatromanolaki A, Sidiropoulos P, Koffa M, Boumpas DT, Ritis K, Mitroulis I. Tissue factor expression in neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophil derived microparticles in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis may promote thromboinflammation and the thrombophilic state associated with the disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:1854-63. [PMID: 23873874 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is characterised by neutrophil activation. An elevated prevalence of venous thromboembolic events has been reported in AAV. Because of the critical role of neutrophils in inflammation associated thrombosis, we asked whether neutrophil tissue factor (TF) may be implicated in the thrombotic diathesis in AAV. METHODS Neutrophils from four patients and sera from 17 patients with ANCA associated vasculitis with active disease and remission were studied. TF expression was assessed by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. Circulating DNA levels were evaluated. TF expressing microparticles (MPs) were measured by flow cytometry and thrombin-antithrombin complex levels by ELISA. RESULTS Peripheral blood neutrophils from four patients with active disease expressed elevated TF levels and released TF expressing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and MPs. TF positive NETs were released by neutrophils isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage and were detected in nasal and renal biopsy specimens. Elevated levels of circulating DNA and TF expressing neutrophil derived MPs were further observed in sera from patients with active disease. Induction of remission attenuated the aforementioned effects. Control neutrophils treated with sera from patients with active disease released TF bearing NETs and MPs which were abolished after IgG depletion. Treatment of control neutrophils with isolated IgG from sera from patients with active disease also resulted in the release of TF bearing NETs. TF implication in MP dependent thrombin generation was demonstrated by antibody neutralisation studies. CONCLUSIONS Expression of TF in NETs and neutrophil derived MPs proposes a novel mechanism for the induction of thrombosis and inflammation in active AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kambas
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vassilopoulos
- Second Department of Medicine, Athens University School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Apostolidou
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Skendros
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Andreas Girod
- Life Sciences Research Unit-FSTC, University of Luxembourg, Walferdange, Luxembourg
| | - Stella Arelaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Marios Froudarakis
- Department of Pneumonology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Lydia Nakopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Prodromos Sidiropoulos
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Boumpas
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, National University of Athens Medical School, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Centre for Immunology and Transplantations, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ritis
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece First Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece First Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Vascular Inflammation, Diabetes and Kidney, University Clinic Carl-Gustav-Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Drygiannakis I, Valatas V, Sfakianaki O, Bourikas L, Manousou P, Kambas K, Ritis K, Kolios G, Kouroumalis E. Proinflammatory cytokines induce crosstalk between colonic epithelial cells and subepithelial myofibroblasts: implication in intestinal fibrosis. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7:286-300. [PMID: 22578910 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colonic epithelial cells and adjacent subepithelial myofibroblasts are important counterparts in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. We investigated the possible crosstalk between them, whilst focusing on the mucosal inflammation pathways that potentially trigger intestinal fibrosis. METHODS We studied the effects of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, TNF-α, IFN-γ) on human colonic epithelial cell lines and the effects of epithelial cell-conditioned media on primary human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts isolated from normal controls or patients with inflammatory Crohn's disease along with the corresponding 18CO cell line. Readouts included production of TGF-β and TIMP-1, total collagen synthesis, matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and myofibroblast migration/mobility. RESULTS Proinflammatory cytokines upregulated TGF-β and TIMP-1 in colonic epithelial cells. Conditioned medium from these epithelial cell cultures induced production of MMP-9 and collagen and inhibited the migration/mobility of subepithelial myofibroblasts. MMP-9 production depended on endothelin receptor A signalling on responding myofibroblasts. Collagen up-regulation was independent of TGF-β, CTGF, TF and endothelin. Subepithelial myofibroblasts isolated from Crohn's disease patients had similar responses to those isolated from normal controls, with the exception of higher basal collagen production. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that colonic epithelial cells may respond to an inflammatory milieu by inducing myofibroblast functions similar to those observed during intestinal fibrosis.
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Gien J, Tseng N, Seedorf G, Roe G, Abman SH. Endothelin-1 impairs angiogenesis in vitro through Rho-kinase activation after chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension in fetal sheep. Pediatr Res 2013; 73. [PMID: 23202724 PMCID: PMC3767851 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Rho-kinase (ROCK) increase vascular tone in experimental persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Whether ET-1 activates ROCK to decrease angiogenesis in the developing lung remains unknown. METHODS Proximal pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) were harvested from fetal sheep after partial ligation of the ductus arteriosus in utero (PPHN) and controls. Growth and tube formation were assessed after ET-1 treatment. The effect of ET-1 antagonism on tube formation was studied using ET-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), ET-1 monoclonal antibodies (ET-1mAbs), BQ-123 (an ET(A) blocker), and bosentan (an ET(A)/ET(B) blocker). ET-1 gene and protein and ET(A)/ET(B) receptor protein expression were measured in normal and PPHN PAECs. ET-1-ROCK interactions were assessed by measuring ROCK activity after ET-1, ET-1 siRNA, and bosentan treatments, and tube formation with ET-1 and Y-27632 (ROCK inhibitor). RESULTS ET-1 did not affect growth but decreased tube formation in normal and PPHN PAECs. ET-1 protein and gene expression were increased and ET(B) receptor protein decreased in PPHN PAECs. ET-1 siRNA, ET-1mAbs, and bosentan, but not BQ-123, increased tube formation. ROCK activity was increased in PPHN PAECs and decreased with ET-1 siRNA and bosentan treatments. Y-27632 prevented the decrease in tube formation with ET-1. CONCLUSION ET-1 activation of ROCK impairs angiogenesis of fetal PAECs. Disruption of ET-1-ROCK interactions may increase vascular growth in PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gien
- Department of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Nancy Tseng
- Department of Neonatology University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Gregory Seedorf
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Gates Roe
- Department of Neonatology University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
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Autophagy mediates the delivery of thrombogenic tissue factor to neutrophil extracellular traps in human sepsis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45427. [PMID: 23029002 PMCID: PMC3446899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is associated with systemic inflammatory responses and induction of coagulation system. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) constitute an antimicrobial mechanism, recently implicated in thrombosis via platelet entrapment and aggregation. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the localization of thrombogenic tissue factor (TF) in NETs released by neutrophils derived from patients with gram-negative sepsis and normal neutrophils treated with either serum from septic patients or inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Localization of TF in acidified autophagosomes was observed during this process, as indicated by positive LC3B and LysoTracker staining. Moreover, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition with 3-MA or inhibition of endosomal acidification with bafilomycin A1 hindered the release of TF-bearing NETs. TF present in NETs induced thrombin generation in culture supernatants, which further resulted in protease activated receptor-1 signaling. Conclusions/Significance This study demonstrates the involvement of autophagic machinery in the extracellular delivery of TF in NETs and the subsequent activation of coagulation cascade, providing evidence for the implication of this process in coagulopathy and inflammatory response in sepsis.
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Benzing J, Stabile O, Szinnai G, Morgenthaler NG, Schulzke SM, Bührer C, Wellmann S. Plasma pro-endothelin-1 and respiratory distress in newborn infants. J Pediatr 2012; 160:517-9. [PMID: 22099523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of the stable endothelin-1 precursor, C-terminal portion of the endothelin-1 precursor, determined prospectively in 293 newborn infants (gestational age, 24-41 weeks) at birth and on day 3 of life were unrelated to gestational age at birth, but strongly associated with respiratory distress when measured on day 3 of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Benzing
- Division of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Johnson G, Curry B, Cahalan L, Prater R, Beeler M, Gartner M, Biggerstaff J, Cahalan P. In vitro assessment of blood compatibility: Residual and dynamic markers of cellular activation. J Biomater Appl 2011; 27:925-36. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211428525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood compatibility of materials and surfaces used for medical device fabrication is a crucial factor in their function and effectiveness. Expansion of device use into more sensitive and longer term applications warrants increasingly detailed evaluations of blood compatibility that reach beyond the customary measures mandated by regulatory requirements. A panel of tests that assess both deposition on the surface and activation of circulating blood in contact with the surface has been developed. Specifically, the ability of a surface to modulate the biological response of blood is assessed by measuring: (1) dynamic thrombin generation; (2) surface-bound thrombin activity after exposure to blood; (3) activation of monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets; (4) activation of complement; and (5) adherent monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets on blood-contacting surfaces. The tests were used to evaluate surfaces modified with immobilized heparin (Ension’s proprietary bioactive surface) and demonstrated that the modified surfaces reduced platelet activation, leukocyte activation, and complement activation in flowing human blood. Perfusion of the surfaces with human platelet-rich plasma showed that the immobilized heparin surfaces also reduce both dynamic thrombin levels in the circulating plasma and residual thrombin generated at the material surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Johnson
- Ension Inc. 240 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15238, USA
| | - Benjamin Curry
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Linda Cahalan
- Ension Inc. 240 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15238, USA
| | - Roni Prater
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Michael Beeler
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Mark Gartner
- Ension Inc. 240 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15238, USA
| | - John Biggerstaff
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Patrick Cahalan
- Ension Inc. 240 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15238, USA
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Chrysanthopoulou A, Mitroulis I, Kambas K, Skendros P, Kourtzelis I, Vradelis S, Kolios G, Aslanidis S, Doumas M, Ritis K. Tissue factor-thrombin signaling enhances the fibrotic activity of myofibroblasts in systemic sclerosis through up-regulation of endothelin receptor A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:3586-97. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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