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Xu S, Wang D, Tan L, Lu J. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in type 2 inflammation related diseases. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2310269. [PMID: 38332696 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2310269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 inflammation related diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, are diverse and affect multiple systems in the human body. It is common for individuals to have multiple co-existing type 2 inflammation related diseases, which can impose a significant financial and living burden on patients. However, the exact pathogenesis of these diseases is still unclear. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex composed of the NLRP3 protein, ASC, and Caspase-1, and is activated through various mechanisms, including the NF-κB pathway, ion channels, and lysosomal damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in the immune response to pathogens and cellular damage. Recent studies have indicated a strong correlation between the abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the onset of type 2 inflammation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that suppressing NLRP3 expression effectively diminishes the inflammatory response, highlighting its promising therapeutic applications. Therefore, this article reviews the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the development and therapy of multiple type 2 inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenming Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Bauer R, Dang HH, Neureiter D, Unger MS, Neuper T, Jensen M, Taliento AE, Strandt H, Gratz I, Weiss R, Sales A, Horejs-Hoeck J. NLRP3 promotes allergic responses to birch pollen extract in a model of intranasal sensitization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393819. [PMID: 38933263 PMCID: PMC11199694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction & Objective Allergic sensitization is an essential step in the development of allergic airway inflammation to birch pollen (BP); however, this process remains to be fully elucidated. Recent scientific advances have highlighted the importance of the allergen context. In this regard, microbial patterns (PAMPs) present on BP have attracted increasing interest. As these PAMPs are recognized by specialized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), this study aims at investigating the roles of intracellular PRRs and the inflammasome regulator NLRP3. Methods We established a physiologically relevant intranasal and adjuvant-free sensitization procedure to study BP-induced systemic and local lung inflammation. Results Strikingly, BP-sensitized Nlrp3-deficient mice showed significantly lower IgE levels, Th2-associated cytokines, cell infiltration into the lung, mucin production and epithelial thickening than their wild-type counterparts, which appears to be independent of inflammasome formation. Intriguingly, bone-marrow chimera revealed that expression of NLRP3 in the hematopoietic system is required to trigger an allergic response. Conclusion Overall, this study identifies NLRP3 as an important driver of BP-induced allergic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Bauer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hieu-Hoa Dang
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Stefan Unger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Jensen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alice Emma Taliento
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen Strandt
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris Gratz
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Sales
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Li W, Liu M, Chu M. Strategies targeting IL-33/ST2 axis in the treatment of allergic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115911. [PMID: 37981174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and its receptor Serum Stimulation-2 (ST2, also called Il1rl1) are members of the IL-1 superfamily that plays a crucial role in allergic diseases. The interaction of IL-33 and ST2 mainly activates NF-κB signaling and MAPK signaling via the MyD88/IRAK/TRAF6 module, resulting in the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The IL-33/ST2 axis participates in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, and therefore serves as a promising strategy for allergy treatment. In recent years, strategies blocking IL-33/ST2 through targeting regulation of IL-33 and ST2 or targeting the molecules involved in the signal transduction have been extensively studied mostly in animal models. These studies provide various potential therapeutic agents other than antibodies, such as small molecules, nucleic acids and traditional Chinese medicines. Herein, we reviewed potential targets and agents targeting IL-33/ST2 axis in the treatment of allergic diseases, providing directions for further investigations on treatments for IL-33 induced allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University. Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University. Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University. Beijing, China; Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China.
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Honda TSB, Ku J, Anders HJ. Cell type-specific roles of NLRP3, inflammasome-dependent and -independent, in host defense, sterile necroinflammation, tissue repair, and fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214289. [PMID: 37564649 PMCID: PMC10411525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome transforms a wide variety of infectious and non-infectious danger signals that activate pro-inflammatory caspases, which promote the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell necrosis. Most published evidence documents the presence and importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils during host defense and sterile forms of inflammation. In contrast, in numerous unbiased data sets, NLRP3 inflammasome-related transcripts are absent in non-immune cells. However, an increasing number of studies report the presence and functionality of the NLRP3 inflammasome in almost every cell type. Here, we take a closer look at the reported cell type-specific expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, review the reported inflammasome-dependent and -independent functions, and discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
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Liu L, Zhou L, Wang LL, Zheng PD, Zhang FQ, Mao ZY, Zhang HJ, Liu HG. Programmed Cell Death in Asthma: Apoptosis, Autophagy, Pyroptosis, Ferroptosis, and Necroptosis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2727-2754. [PMID: 37415620 PMCID: PMC10321329 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s417801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a complex heterogeneous airway disease, which has emerged as a global health issue. A comprehensive understanding of the different molecular mechanisms of bronchial asthma may be an efficient means to improve its clinical efficacy in the future. Increasing research evidence indicates that some types of programmed cell death (PCD), including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis, contributed to asthma pathogenesis, and may become new targets for future asthma treatment. This review briefly discusses the molecular mechanism and signaling pathway of these forms of PCD focuses on summarizing their roles in the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of asthma and offers some efficient means to improve clinical efficacy of therapeutics for asthma in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Dou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Qin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huo-Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Guo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Khalil BA, Sharif-Askari NS, Halwani R. Role of inflammasome in severe, steroid-resistant asthma. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100061. [PMID: 37304814 PMCID: PMC10250931 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Asthma is a common heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases with different pathological phenotypes classified based on the various clinical, physiological and immunobiological profiles of patients. Despite similar clinical symptoms, asthmatic patients may respond differently to treatment. Hence, asthma research is becoming more focused on deciphering the molecular and cellular pathways driving the different asthma endotypes. This review focuses on the role of inflammasome activation as one important mechanism reported in the pathogenesis of severe steroid resistant asthma (SSRA), a Th2-low asthma endotype. Although SSRA represents around 5-10% of asthmatic patients, it is responsible for the majority of asthma morbidity and more than 50% of asthma associated healthcare costs with clear unmet need. Therefore, deciphering the role of the inflammasome in SSRA pathogenesis, particularly in relation to neutrophil chemotaxis to the lungs, provides a novel target for therapy. Recent findings The literature highlighted several activators of inflammasomes that are elevated during SSRA and result in the release of proinflammatory mediators, mainly IL-1β and IL-18, through different signaling pathways. Consequently, the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β is shown to be positively correlated with neutrophil recruitment and negatively correlated with airflow obstruction. Furthermore, exaggerated NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β activation is reported to be associated with glucocorticoid resistance. Summary In this review, we summarized the reported literature on the activators of the inflammasome during SSRA, the role of IL-1β and IL-18 in SSRA pathogenesis, and the pathways by which inflammasome activation contributes to steroid resistance. Finally, our review shed light on the different levels to target inflammasome involvement in an attempt to ameliorate the serious outcomes of SSRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariaa A. Khalil
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Jacquet A. The HDM allergen orchestra and its cysteine protease maestro: Stimulators of kaleidoscopic innate immune responses. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:48-60. [PMID: 36889186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) encloses an explosive cocktail of allergenic proteins sensitizing hundreds of millions of people worldwide. To date, the innate cellular and molecular mechanism(s) orchestrating the HDM-induced allergic inflammation remains partially deciphered. Understanding the kaleidoscope of HDM-induced innate immune responses is hampered by (1) the large complexity of the HDM allergome with very diverse functional bioreactivities, (2) the perpetual presence of microbial compounds (at least LPS, β-glucan, chitin) promoting as well pro-Th2 innate signaling pathways and (3) multiple cross-talks involving structural, neuronal and immune cells. The present review provides an update on the innate immune properties, identified so far, of multiple HDM allergen groups. Experimental evidence highlights the importance of HDM allergens displaying protease or lipid-binding activities on the initiation of the allergic responses. Specifically, group 1 HDM cysteine proteases are considered as the key initiators of the allergic response through their capacities to impair the epithelial barrier integrity, to stimulate the release of pro-Th2 danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in epithelial cells, to produce super-active forms of IL-33 alarmin and to mature thrombin leading to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Remarkably, the recently evidenced primary sensing of cysteine protease allergens by nociceptive neurons confirms the critical role of this HDM allergen group in the early events leading to Th2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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8
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Sun J, Li Y. Pyroptosis and respiratory diseases: A review of current knowledge. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920464. [PMID: 36248872 PMCID: PMC9561627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a relatively newly discovered programmed cell death accompanied by an inflammatory response. In the classical view, pyroptosis is mediated by caspases-1,-4,-5,-11 and executed by GSDMD, however, recently it was demonstrated that caspase-3 and-8 also participate in the process of pyroptosis, by cleaving GSDMD/E and GSDMD respectively. Different from autophagy and apoptosis, many pores are formed on the cell membrane during pyroptosis, which makes the cell membrane lose its integrity, eventually leading to the release of cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18. When the body is infected with pathogens or exposed to some stimulations, pyroptosis could play an immune defense role. It is found that pyroptosis exists widely in infectious and inflammatory respiratory diseases such as acute lung injury, bronchial dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Excessive pyroptosis may accompany airway inflammation, tissue injury, and airway damage, and induce an inflammatory reaction, leading to more serious damage and poor prognosis of respiratory diseases. This review summarizes the relationship between pyroptosis and related respiratory diseases.
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Alvarez-Simon D, Ait Yahia S, de Nadai P, Audousset C, Chamaillard M, Boneca IG, Tsicopoulos A. NOD-like receptors in asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928886. [PMID: 36189256 PMCID: PMC9515552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an extremely prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the airway where innate and adaptive immune systems participate collectively with epithelial and other structural cells to cause airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus overproduction, airway narrowing, and remodeling. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are a family of intracellular innate immune sensors that detect microbe-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, well-recognized for their central roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and host defense against bacteria, viruses and fungi. In recent times, NLRs have been increasingly acknowledged as much more than innate sensors and have emerged also as relevant players in diseases classically defined by their adaptive immune responses such as asthma. In this review article, we discuss the current knowledge and recent developments about NLR expression, activation and function in relation to asthma and examine the potential interventions in NLR signaling as asthma immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvarez-Simon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Saliha Ait Yahia
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Patricia de Nadai
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Audousset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, INSERM U1306, Unité Biologie et génétique de la paroi bactérienne, Paris, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Anne Tsicopoulos,
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Tuazon JA, Kilburg-Basnyat B, Oldfield LM, Wiscovitch-Russo R, Dunigan-Russell K, Fedulov AV, Oestreich KJ, Gowdy KM. Emerging Insights into the Impact of Air Pollution on Immune-Mediated Asthma Pathogenesis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2022; 22:77-92. [PMID: 35394608 PMCID: PMC9246904 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-022-01034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increases in ambient levels of air pollutants have been linked to lung inflammation and remodeling, processes that lead to the development and exacerbation of allergic asthma. Conventional research has focused on the role of CD4+ T helper 2 (TH2) cells in the pathogenesis of air pollution-induced asthma. However, much work in the past decade has uncovered an array of air pollution-induced non-TH2 immune mechanisms that contribute to allergic airway inflammation and disease. RECENT FINDINGS In this article, we review current research demonstrating the connection between common air pollutants and their downstream effects on non-TH2 immune responses emerging as key players in asthma, including PRRs, ILCs, and non-TH2 T cell subsets. We also discuss the proposed mechanisms by which air pollution increases immune-mediated asthma risk, including pre-existing genetic risk, epigenetic alterations in immune cells, and perturbation of the composition and function of the lung and gut microbiomes. Together, these studies reveal the multifaceted impacts of various air pollutants on innate and adaptive immune functions via genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome-based mechanisms that facilitate the induction and worsening of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Tuazon
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - B Kilburg-Basnyat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - L M Oldfield
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Department of Synthetic Genomics, Replay Holdings LLC, San Diego, 92121, USA
| | - R Wiscovitch-Russo
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - K Dunigan-Russell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - A V Fedulov
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - K J Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - K M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Wang L, Sun Z, Xie W, Peng C, Ding H, Li Y, Feng S, Wang X, Zhao C, Wu J. 11S Glycinin Up-Regulated NLRP-3-Induced Pyroptosis by Triggering Reactive Oxygen Species in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:890978. [PMID: 35782549 PMCID: PMC9240605 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.890978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
11S glycinin is a major soybean antigenic protein, which induces human and animal allergies. It has been reported to induce intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cell apoptosis, but the role of pyroptosis in 11S glycinin allergies remains unknown. In this study, IPEC-J2 cells were used as an in vitro physiological model to explore the mechanism of 11S glycinin-induced pyroptosis. The cells were incubated with 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg·ml−1 11S glycinin for 24 h. Our results revealed that 11S glycinin significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced DNA damage, generated active oxygen, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP-3) expression of IPEC-J2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further, IPEC-J2 cells were transfected with designed sh-NLRP-3 lentivirus to silence NLRP-3. The results showed that 11S glycinin up-regulated the silenced NLRP-3 gene and increased the expression levels of apoptosis-related spot-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, the cleaved gasdermin D, and interleukin-1β. The IPEC-J2 cells showed pyrolysis morphology. Moreover, we revealed that N-acetyl-L-cysteine can significantly inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and reduce the expression levels of NLRP-3 and the cleaved gasdermin D. Taken together, 11S glycinin up-regulated NLRP-3-induced pyroptosis by triggering reactive oxygen species in IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhifeng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Weina Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenglu Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjie Wu
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12
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Liu Z, Li J, Lin S, Wu Y, He D, Qu P. PI3K regulates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis through part-dependent AKT signaling pathway. Exp Anim 2021; 70:488-497. [PMID: 34162771 PMCID: PMC8614019 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K is a downstream target of multiple cell-surface receptors, which acts as a crucial modulator of both cell polarization and survival. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is commonly involved in cancer, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. However, its role in cardiovascular diseases, especially in atherosclerosis, remains to be further investigated. To determine the effect of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on cellular inflammatory response and oxidative stress, PI3K inhibitor (GDC0941) and AKT inhibitor (MK2206) were used. First, THP-1 cells were incubated with ox-LDL (100 µg/ml) to establish an in vitro atherosclerosis model. The inflammatory factors and foam cell formation were then evaluated to ascertain and compare the effects of PI3K and AKT inhibition. ApoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet were used to assess the roles of PI3K and AKT in aortic plaque formation. Our results showed that the inhibition of PI3K or AKT could suppress the activation of NLRP3, decreased the expression levels of p-p65/p65 and reduced the production of mitochondrial reaction oxygen species (mitoROS) in THP-1 cells. Inhibition of PI3K or AKT could also reduced atherosclerosis lesion and plaque area, and decreased the levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β in ApoE−/− mice. The effect of PI3K inhibition was more significant than AKT. Therefore, PI3K inhibition can retard the progress of atherosclerosis. Besides, there may be other AKT-independent pathways that regulate the formation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Dan He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education
| | - Peng Qu
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
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13
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Yang D, Guo X, Huang T, Liu C. The Role of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Lung Infection and Immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:586471. [PMID: 33718260 PMCID: PMC7947361 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.586471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to environmental particulates such as aeroallergens, pollutants, or microorganisms and is protected by a poised immune response. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of immune cells found in a variety of tissue sites, particularly barrier surfaces such as the lung and the intestine. ILCs play a crucial role in the innate immune system, and they are involved in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, inflammation regulation, tissue remodeling, and pathogen clearance. In recent years, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as key mediators of mucosal protection and repair during infection, mainly through IL-17 and IL-22 production. Although research on ILC3s has become focused on the intestinal immunity, the biology and function of pulmonary ILC3s in the pathogenesis of respiratory infections and in the development of chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases remain elusive. In this review, we will mainly discuss how pulmonary ILC3s act on protection against pathogen challenge and pulmonary inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinning Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuntao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Tsang MSM, Hou T, Chan BCL, Wong CK. Immunological Roles of NLR in Allergic Diseases and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1507. [PMID: 33546184 PMCID: PMC7913164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding on the immunological roles of pathogen recognition in innate immunity has vastly increased over the past 20 years. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLR) are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that are responsible for sensing microbial motifs and endogenous damage signals in mammalian cytosol for immune surveillance and host defense. The accumulating discoveries on these NLR sensors in allergic diseases suggest that the pathogenesis of allergic diseases may not be confined to the adaptive immune response. Therapy targeting NLR in murine models also shields light on its potential in the treatment of allergies in man. In this review, we herein summarize the recent understanding of the role of NLR sensors and their molecular mechanisms involved in allergic inflammation, including atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.S.-M.T.); (T.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Tianheng Hou
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.S.-M.T.); (T.H.)
| | - Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.S.-M.T.); (T.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Spacova I, Van Beeck W, Seys S, Devos F, Vanoirbeek J, Vanderleyden J, Ceuppens J, Petrova M, Lebeer S. Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic prevents airway function deterioration and promotes gut microbiome resilience in a murine asthma model. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1729-1744. [PMID: 32522072 PMCID: PMC7524350 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1766345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease of the lower airways, clinically characterized by airway hyperreactivity and deterioration of airway function. Immunomodulatory probiotic bacteria are increasingly being explored to prevent asthma development, alone or in combination with other treatments. In this study, wild-type and recombinant probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 were tested as preventive treatment of experimental allergic asthma in mice. Recombinant L. rhamnosus GR-1 was designed to produce the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, to promote allergen-specific immunomodulation. Administration of wild-type and recombinant L. rhamnosus GR-1 prevented the development of airway hyperreactivity. Recombinant L. rhamnosus GR-1 also prevented elevation of airway total cell counts, lymphocyte counts and lung IL-1β levels, while wild-type L. rhamnosus GR-1 inhibited airway eosinophilia. Of note, a shift in gut microbiome composition was observed after asthma development, which correlated with the severity of airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. In the groups that received L. rhamnosus GR-1, this asthma-associated shift in gut microbiome composition was not observed, indicating microbiome-modulating effects of this probiotic. These data demonstrate that L. rhamnosus GR-1 can prevent airway function deterioration in allergic asthma. Bet v 1 expression by L. rhamnosus GR-1 further contributed to lower airway inflammation, although not solely through the expected reduction in T helper 2-associated responses, suggesting involvement of additional mechanisms. The beneficial effects of L. rhamnosus GR-1 correlate with increased gut microbiome resilience, which in turn is linked to protection of airway function, and thus further adds support to the existence of a gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Spacova
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wannes Van Beeck
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven Seys
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fien Devos
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanderleyden
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Ceuppens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariya Petrova
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Microbiome Insights and Probiotics Consultancy, Karlovo, Bulgaria,Mariya Petrova Microbiome insights and Probiotics Consultancy,Karlovo4300, Bulgaria
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,CONTACT Sarah Lebeer University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering,AntwerpB-2020, Belgium
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16
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Zhao CC, Xie QM, Xu J, Yan XB, Fan XY, Wu HM. TLR9 mediates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in murine allergic airway inflammation. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:24-31. [PMID: 32623292 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been reported to mediate airway inflammation, however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, our objective was to reveal whether TLR9 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in murine allergic airway inflammation and Raw264.7 cells. Female wild type(WT)and TLR9-/-mice on C57BL/6 background were used to induce allergic airway inflammation by challenge of OVA, and Raw264.7 cells with or without TLR9 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) were stimulated by S.aureus. The results demonstrated that deletion of TLR9 effectively attenuated OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation including inflammatory cells infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia. Meanwhile, OVA-induced protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1(p20) and mature IL-1β, as well as secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in wild type mice (WT) was obviously suppressed by TLR9 deficiency. Concomitantly, the expression of oxidative markers 8-OhDG and nitrotyrosine was increased in OVA-challenged WT mice, while TLR9 deficiency significantly inhibited such increase. Similarly, in the in vitro study, we found that knockdown of TLR9 markedly suppressed S.aureus-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in Raw264.7 cells. Collectively, our findings indicated that TLR9 may mediate allergic airway inflammation via activating NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Zhao
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Qiu-Meng Xie
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Juan Xu
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Xue-Bo Yan
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yun Fan
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Hui-Mei Wu
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
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17
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Schmit T, Ghosh S, Mathur RK, Barnhardt T, Ambigapathy G, Wu M, Combs C, Khan MN. IL-6 Deficiency Exacerbates Allergic Asthma and Abrogates the Protective Effect of Allergic Inflammation against Streptococcus pneumoniae Pathogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:469-479. [PMID: 32540994 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma (AA) is characterized as a Th2-biased airway inflammation that can develop lung inflammation and remodeling of the respiratory tract. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogen, causing noninvasive (otitis media and pneumonia) and invasive diseases (sepsis) in humans. We sought to determine the role of IL-6 in the regulation of lung inflammation in murine AA caused by Aspergillus fumigatus as well as its consequence on the regulation of airway barrier integrity and S. pneumoniae disease. In an AA model, IL-6 deficiency led to increased lung inflammation, eosinophil recruitment, tissue pathology, and collagen deposition. Additionally, IL-6-deficient asthmatic mice exhibited reduced goblet cell hyperplasia and increased TGF-β production. These key changes in the lungs of IL-6-deficient asthmatic mice resulted in dysregulated tight junction proteins and increased lung permeability. Whereas the host response to AA protected against S. pneumoniae lung disease, the IL-6 deficiency abrogated the protective effect of allergic inflammation against S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. Consistent with in vivo data, IL-6 knockdown by small interfering RNA or the blockade of IL-6R signaling exacerbated the TGF-β-induced dysregulation of tight junction proteins, E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression, and STAT3 phosphorylation in MLE-12 epithelial cells. Our findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of host IL-6 response in the regulation of lung inflammation during AA and the control of S. pneumoniae bacterial disease. A better understanding of the interactions between lung inflammation and barrier framework could lead to the development of therapies to control asthma inflammation and preserve barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Schmit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202; and
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43215
| | - Ram Kumar Mathur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202; and
| | - Tyler Barnhardt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202; and
| | - Ganesh Ambigapathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202; and
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202; and
| | - Colin Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202; and
| | - M Nadeem Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202; and
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18
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Wu HM, Zhao CC, Xie QM, Xu J, Fei GH. TLR2-Melatonin Feedback Loop Regulates the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Murine Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:172. [PMID: 32117301 PMCID: PMC7025476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is suggested to initiate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and considered to be involved in asthma. The findings that melatonin modulates TLRs-mediated immune responses, together with the suppressing effect of TLRs on endogenous melatonin synthesis, support the possibility that a feedback loop exists between TLRs system and endogenous melatonin synthesis. To determine whether TLR2-melatonin feedback loop exists in allergic airway disease and regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity, wild-type (WT) and TLR2−/− mice were challenged with OVA to establish allergic airway disease model. Following OVA challenge, WT mice exhibited increased-expression of TLR2, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and marked airway inflammation, which were all effectively inhibited in the TLR2−/− mice, indicating that TLR2-NLRP3 mediated airway inflammation. Meanwhile, melatonin biosynthesis was reduced in OVA-challenged WT mice, while such reduction was notably rescued by TLR2 deficiency, suggesting that TLR2-NLRP3-mediated allergic airway inflammation was associated with decreased endogenous melatonin biosynthesis. Furthermore, addition of melatonin to OVA-challenged WT mice pronouncedly ameliorated airway inflammation, decreased TLR2 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, further implying that melatonin in turn inhibited airway inflammation via suppressing TLR2-NLRP3 signal. Most interestingly, although melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole significantly reduced the protein expressions of ASMT, AANAT and subsequent level of melatonin in OVA-challenged TLR2−/− mice, it exhibited null effect on leukocytes infiltration, Th2-cytokines production and NLRP3 activity. These results indicate that a TLR2-melatonin feedback loop regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity in allergic airway inflammation, and melatonin may be a promising therapeutic medicine for airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mei Wu
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cui-Cui Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu-Meng Xie
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Geriatric Molecular Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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19
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Yang Z, Liang C, Wang T, Zou Q, Zhou M, Cheng Y, Peng H, Ji Z, Deng Y, Liao J, Liu H. NLRP3 inflammasome activation promotes the development of allergic rhinitis via epithelium pyroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Jacquet A, Robinson C. Proteolytic, lipidergic and polysaccharide molecular recognition shape innate responses to house dust mite allergens. Allergy 2020; 75:33-53. [PMID: 31166610 DOI: 10.1111/all.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDMs) are sources of an extensive repertoire of allergens responsible for a range of allergic conditions. Technological advances have accelerated the identification of these allergens and characterized their putative roles within HDMs. Understanding their functional bioactivities is illuminating how they interact with the immune system to cause disease and how interrelations between them are essential to maximize allergic responses. Two types of allergen bioactivity, namely proteolysis and peptidolipid/lipid binding, elicit IgE and stimulate bystander responses to unrelated allergens. Much of this influence arises from Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 or TLR2 signalling and, in the case of protease allergens, the activation of additional pleiotropic effectors with strong disease linkage. Of related interest is the interaction of HDM allergens with common components of the house dust matrix, through either their binding to allergens or their autonomous modulation of immune receptors. Herein, we provide a contemporary view of how proteolysis, lipid-binding activity and interactions with polysaccharides and polysaccharide molecular recognition systems coordinate the principal responses which underlie allergy. The power of the catalytically competent group 1 HDM protease allergen component is demonstrated by a review of disclosures surrounding the efficacy of novel inhibitors produced by structure-based design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center-Chula VRC) Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Clive Robinson
- Institute for Infection and Immunity St George's, University of London London UK
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21
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Theofani E, Semitekolou M, Morianos I, Samitas K, Xanthou G. Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Severe Asthma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101615. [PMID: 31590215 PMCID: PMC6833007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma (SA) is a chronic lung disease characterized by recurring symptoms of reversible airflow obstruction, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), and inflammation that is resistant to currently employed treatments. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular sensor that detects microbial motifs and endogenous danger signals and represents a key component of innate immune responses in the airways. Assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to caspase 1-dependent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 as well as pyroptosis. Accumulating evidence proposes that NLRP3 activation is critically involved in asthma pathogenesis. In fact, although NLRP3 facilitates the clearance of pathogens in the airways, persistent NLRP3 activation by inhaled irritants and/or innocuous environmental allergens can lead to overt pulmonary inflammation and exacerbation of asthma manifestations. Notably, administration of NLRP3 inhibitors in asthma models restrains AHR and pulmonary inflammation. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SA, present molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant inflammatory responses in the airways, summarize recent studies pertinent to the biology and functions of NLRP3, and discuss the role of NLRP3 in the pathogenesis of asthma. Finally, we contemplate the potential of targeting NLRP3 as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Theofani
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Samitas
- 7th Respiratory Clinic and Asthma Center, 'Sotiria' Athens Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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22
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Tan HTT, Hagner S, Ruchti F, Radzikowska U, Tan G, Altunbulakli C, Eljaszewicz A, Moniuszko M, Akdis M, Akdis CA, Garn H, Sokolowska M. Tight junction, mucin, and inflammasome-related molecules are differentially expressed in eosinophilic, mixed, and neutrophilic experimental asthma in mice. Allergy 2019; 74:294-307. [PMID: 30267575 DOI: 10.1111/all.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with marked clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity. Specific pathways are thought to be involved in the pathomechanisms of different inflammatory phenotypes of asthma; however, direct in vivo comparison has not been performed. METHODS We developed mouse models representing three different phenotypes of allergic airway inflammation-eosinophilic, mixed, and neutrophilic asthma via different methods of house dust mite sensitization and challenge. Transcriptomic analysis of the lungs, followed by the RT-PCR, western blot, and confocal microscopy, was performed. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface were used to study the mechanisms revealed in the in vivo models. RESULTS By whole-genome transcriptome profiling of the lung, we found that airway tight junction (TJ), mucin, and inflammasome-related genes are differentially expressed in these distinct phenotypes. Further analysis of proteins from these families revealed that Zo-1 and Cldn18 were downregulated in all phenotypes, while increased Cldn4 expression was characteristic for neutrophilic airway inflammation. Mucins Clca1 (Gob5) and Muc5ac were upregulated in eosinophilic and even more in neutrophilic phenotype. Increased expression of inflammasome-related molecules such as Nlrp3, Nlrc4, Casp-1, and IL-1β was characteristic for neutrophilic asthma. In addition, we showed that inflammasome/Th17/neutrophilic axis cytokine-IL-1β-may transiently impair epithelial barrier function, while IL-1β and IL-17 increase mucin expressions in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that differential expression of TJ, mucin, and inflammasome-related molecules in distinct inflammatory phenotypes of asthma may be linked to pathophysiology and might reflect the differences observed in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hern-Tze Tina Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; Davos Switzerland
- Department of Immunology; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kubang Kerian Malaysia
| | - Stefanie Hagner
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry; Molecular Diagnostics; Marburg Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research; Marburg Germany
| | - Fiorella Ruchti
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; Davos Switzerland
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; Davos Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; Davos Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich; ETH Zurich/University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Can Altunbulakli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; Davos Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; Davos Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; Davos Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; Davos Switzerland
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry; Molecular Diagnostics; Marburg Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research; Marburg Germany
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; Davos Switzerland
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23
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Farahnak S, Chronopoulos J, Martin JG. Nucleic Acid Sensing in Allergic Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 345:1-33. [PMID: 30904191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances indicate that there is crosstalk between allergic disorders and nucleic acid sensing. Triggers that activate inflammatory mechanisms via nucleic acid sensors affect both allergic phenotypes and anti-viral responses, depending on the timing and the order of exposure. Viral respiratory infections, such as those caused by the rhinovirus, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus, are the most frequent cause of significant asthma exacerbations through effects mediated predominantly by TLR3. However, agonists of other nucleic acid sensors, such as TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists, may inhibit allergic inflammation and reduce clinical manifestations of disease. The allergic state can predispose the immune system to both exaggerated responses to viral infections or protection from anti-viral inflammatory responses. TH2 cytokines appear to alter the epithelium, leading to defective viral clearance or exaggerated responses to viral infections. However, a TH2 skewed allergic response may be protective against a TH1-dependent inflammatory anti-viral response. This review briefly introduces the receptors involved in nucleic acid sensing, addresses mechanisms by which nucleic acid sensing and allergic responses can counteract one another, and discusses the strategies in experimental settings, both in animal and human studies, to harness the nucleic acid sensing machinery for the intervention of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Farahnak
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Chronopoulos
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Sevoflurane Inhibits the Th2 Response and NLRP3 Expression in Murine Allergic Airway Inflammation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9021037. [PMID: 30363922 PMCID: PMC6186358 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9021037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our colleagues have demonstrated an impressive therapeutic role of sevoflurane in a murine allergic airway inflammation model, but the mechanisms underlying this effect remain undefined. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect of sevoflurane on the resolution of allergic airway inflammation and to assess whether NLRP3 or the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in this process. Methods Female (C57BL/6) mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Then, some of the mice received MCC950 (10 mg/kg; i.p.) or 3% sevoflurane. Total and differential inflammatory cell numbers, proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the peribronchial inflammation density, and mucus production were evaluated. In addition, we analysed the protein levels of NLRP3, the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing the caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), pro-caspase-1, and caspase-1 in the lung tissue. Results We found that OVA-induced inflammatory cell recruitment to peribronchial regions, goblet cell hyperplasia, the serum levels of IgE, inflammatory cells, and the Th2 cytokine secretion in BALF was potently suppressed by sevoflurane with an efficacy comparable with that suppressed by MCC950 treatment. Furthermore, sevoflurane, similar to MCC950, clearly inhibited the OVA-induced activity of NLRP3 in the lungs. In addition, we found that OVA challenge failed to increase the expression of ASC, pro-caspase-1, and caspase-1 in the lungs and the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in BALF. Conclusion Taken together, our data showed that sevoflurane ameliorated allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 responses and NLRP3 expression. The NLRP3 independent of inflammasomes participated in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma in this model.
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25
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Xiao Y, Xu W, Su W. NLRP3 inflammasome: A likely target for the treatment of allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1080-1091. [PMID: 29900602 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases, such as asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and anaphylaxis, have recently become a global public health concern. According to previous studies, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex known to be associated with many inflammatory conditions. In response to allergens or allergen/damage-associated molecular signals, NLRP3 changes its conformation to allow the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and activates caspase-1, which is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins, such as the precursors of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Subsequently, active caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18. Recently, accumulating human and mouse experimental evidence has demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, and IL-18 are critically involved in the development of allergic diseases. Furthermore, the application of specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors has been demonstrated in animal models. Therefore, these inhibitors may represent potential therapeutic methods for the management of clinical allergic disorders. This review summarizes findings related to the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related factors and concludes that specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors may be potential therapeutic agents for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenna Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Shi Q, Lei Z, Cheng G, Li D, Wang Q, Luo S, Yang H, Jia H. Mitochondrial ROS activate interleukin-1β expression in allergic rhinitis. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3193-3200. [PMID: 30127914 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common cause of inflammation of the nasal mucosa. It is also the most common form of non-infectious rhinitis associated with an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune response against allergens. Previous studies have indicated that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a pathological role in the development of allergic asthma. The present study was designed to assess whether IL-1β participates in the pathogenesis of AR. A total of 45 patients with AR were enrolled in the present study and were identified to have increased IL-1β expression expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NLRP3 are required for IL-1β synthesis in monocytes/macrophages and PBMCs from patients with AR. The levels of IL-1β and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were increased in patients with AR and were positively correlated with each other. The results of the present study suggested that patients with AR have raised mitochondrial ROS levels, which may upregulate the expression of IL-1β, affecting IL-17-production and serving a role in the pathogenesis of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Shi
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Lei
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Gui Cheng
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Simin Luo
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Hengwen Yang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Jia
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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27
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Jeong JS, Lee KB, Kim SR, Kim DI, Park HJ, Lee HK, Kim HJ, Cho SH, Kolliputi N, Kim SH, Lee YC. Airway epithelial phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ contributes to the modulation of fungi-induced innate immune response. Thorax 2018; 73:758-768. [PMID: 29622694 PMCID: PMC6204980 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Respiratory fungal exposure is known to be associated with severe allergic lung inflammation. Airway epithelium is an essential controller of allergic inflammation. An innate immune recognition receptor, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-δ in airway epithelium are involved in various inflammatory processes. Objectives We investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in fungi-induced allergic lung inflammation and examined the regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on PI3K-δ in airway epithelium. Methods We used two in vivo models induced by exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) and Alternaria alternata (Aa), as well as an Af-exposed in vitro system. We also checked NLRP3 expression in lung tissues from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Results Assembly/activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was increased in the lung of Af-exposed mice. Elevation of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly/activation was observed in Af-stimulated murine and human epithelial cells. Similarly, pulmonary expression of NLRP3 in patients with ABPA was increased. Importantly, neutralisation of NLRP3 inflammasome derived IL-1β alleviated pathophysiological features of Af-induced allergic inflammation. Furthermore, PI3K-δ blockade improved Af-induced allergic inflammation through modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, especially in epithelial cells. This modulatory role of PI3K-δ was mediated through the regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation. NLRP3 inflammasome was also implicated in Aa-induced eosinophilic allergic inflammation, which was improved by PI3K-δ blockade. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that fungi-induced assembly/activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in airway epithelium may be modulated by PI3K-δ, which is mediated partly through the regulation of mtROS generation. Inhibition of PI3K-δ may have potential for treating fungi-induced severe allergic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - So Ri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hern-Ku Lee
- Department of Immunology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Soon Ha Kim
- Department of Product Strategy and Development, LG Life Sciences Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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28
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Hansbro PM, Kim RY, Starkey MR, Donovan C, Dua K, Mayall JR, Liu G, Hansbro NG, Simpson JL, Wood LG, Hirota JA, Knight DA, Foster PS, Horvat JC. Mechanisms and treatments for severe, steroid-resistant allergic airway disease and asthma. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:41-62. [PMID: 28658552 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe, steroid-resistant asthma is clinically and economically important since affected individuals do not respond to mainstay corticosteroid treatments for asthma. Patients with this disease experience more frequent exacerbations of asthma, are more likely to be hospitalized, and have a poorer quality of life. Effective therapies are urgently required, however, their development has been hampered by a lack of understanding of the pathological processes that underpin disease. A major obstacle to understanding the processes that drive severe, steroid-resistant asthma is that the several endotypes of the disease have been described that are characterized by different inflammatory and immunological phenotypes. This heterogeneity makes pinpointing processes that drive disease difficult in humans. Clinical studies strongly associate specific respiratory infections with severe, steroid-resistant asthma. In this review, we discuss key findings from our studies where we describe the development of representative experimental models to improve our understanding of the links between infection and severe, steroid-resistant forms of this disease. We also discuss their use in elucidating the mechanisms, and their potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies, for severe, steroid-resistant asthma. Finally, we highlight how the immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets we have identified may be applicable to obesity-or pollution-associated asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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29
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Li R, Wang J, Li R, Zhu F, Xu W, Zha G, He G, Cao H, Wang Y, Yang J. ATP/P2X7-NLRP3 axis of dendritic cells participates in the regulation of airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in asthma by mediating HMGB1 expression and secretion. Exp Cell Res 2018; 366:1-15. [PMID: 29545090 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ATP/P2X7 axis of dendritic cells (DCs) mediates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and promotes secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to induce T helper (Th) 2, Th17 differentiation in the pathogenesis of asthma. NLRP3 inflammasome also regulates high mobility protein 1 (HMGB1) release in DCs. Recent studies demonstrated the correlation between HMGB1 expression and airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in asthma. However, the relationship between the ATP/P2X7-NLRP3 axis and HMGB1 in DCs in asthma is still unclear. ATP, apyrase, Brilliant Blue G, BzATP, glibenclamide, and Z-YVAD-FMK were administered to ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthmatic model. For in vitro studies, bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMDCs) were primed with LPS and stimulated with the same reagents. Activation of the ATP/P2X7 axis aggravated airway inflammation and AHR in the lung and induced Th2, Th17 polarization in asthmatic mice. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome weakened cardinal features of asthma and blocked Th2, Th17 polarization. In vitro and vivo, ATP/P2X7 axis activated NLRP3 inflammasome and induced HMGB1 expression and release from DCs. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome reduced HMGB1 expression and release. The ATP/P2X7-NLRP3 axis of DCs participates in mediating airway inflammation, AHR, and promoting Th2, Th17 inflammatory responses in asthmatic mice by inducing HMGB1 expression and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Ruifang Li
- Department of Neurology, Hubei third people's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Gan Zha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Guangzhen He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Huan Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
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30
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Cordero MD, Alcocer-Gómez E. Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Diseases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 108:111-151. [PMID: 30536170 PMCID: PMC7123416 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89390-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases are common and significant causes of illness and death around the world. Inflammasomes have emerged as an important regulator of lung diseases. The important role of IL-1 beta and IL-18 in the inflammatory response of many lung diseases has been elucidated. The cleavage to turn IL-1 beta and IL-18 from their precursors into the active forms is tightly regulated by inflammasomes. In this chapter, we structurally review current evidence of inflammasome-related components in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases, focusing on the "inflammasome-caspase-1-IL-1 beta/IL-18" axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D. Cordero
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Armilla, Spain
| | - Elísabet Alcocer-Gómez
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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31
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Menzel M, Akbarshahi H, Mahmutovic Persson I, Puthia M, Bjermer L, Uller L. Caspase-1 deficiency reduces eosinophilia and interleukin-33 in an asthma exacerbation model. ERJ Open Res 2017; 3:00047-2017. [PMID: 29204432 PMCID: PMC5703353 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00047-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus infections are common triggers of asthma exacerbations. Viruses can activate the inflammasome, resulting in processing and activation of caspase-1. This recruitment triggers production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which have been implicated in asthma. Elucidating the involvement of the inflammasome and its compartments, such as caspase-1, in asthma exacerbations is warranted. Gene expression of caspase-1 was measured in rhinovirus-infected primary bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic and healthy donors 24 h post-infection. In an in vivo exacerbation experiment C57BL/6 wild-type and caspase-1-/- mice were challenged with house dust mite followed by exposures to the viral mimic poly(I:C). General lung inflammatory parameters and levels of T-helper type 2 (Th2)-upstream cytokines IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-25 were assessed. Caspase-1 expression was elevated after rhinoviral infection exclusively in bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatics. In a translational mouse model of asthma exacerbation effects of caspase-1 on airway inflammation and Th2-upstream cytokines were explored. Caspase-1 deficient mice exhibited no alterations of general lung inflammatory parameters, but showed markedly reduced eosinophilia. Furthermore, the Th2-upstream cytokines IL-33, TSLP and IL-25 were reduced at exacerbation in mice lacking caspase-1. Rhinovirus infection increases bronchial epithelial caspase-1 in asthma. Caspase-1 may induce production of lung Th2-upstream cytokines and eosinophilia at exacerbations. Further targeting of caspase-1 signalling is warranted to explore its role in asthma exacerbations. Lack of caspase-1 reduces eosinophilia and expression of Th2-upstream cytokines at experimental asthma exacerbationhttp://ow.ly/NPMK30eMV2E
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Menzel
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Puthia
- Dept of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Dept of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Uller
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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32
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McDaniel DK, Jo A, Ringel-Scaia VM, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Rothschild DE, Powell MD, Zhang R, Long TE, Oestreich KJ, Riffle JS, Davis RM, Allen IC. TIPS pentacene loaded PEO-PDLLA core-shell nanoparticles have similar cellular uptake dynamics in M1 and M2 macrophages and in corresponding in vivo microenvironments. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1255-1266. [PMID: 28040495 PMCID: PMC5392431 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle based drug delivery platforms have the potential to transform disease treatment paradigms and therapeutic strategies, especially in the context of pulmonary medicine. Once administered, nanoparticles disperse throughout the lung and many are phagocytosed by macrophages. However, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding cellular up-take dynamics of nanoparticles due largely to macrophage heterogeneity. To address this issue, we sought to better define nanoparticle up-take using polarized M1 and M2 macrophages and novel TIPS-pentacene loaded PEO-PDLLA nanoparticles. Our data reveal that primary macrophages polarized to either M1 or M2 phenotypes have similar levels of nanoparticle phagocytosis. Similarly, M1 and M2 polarized macrophages isolated from the lungs of mice following either acute (Th1) or allergic (Th2) airway inflammation also demonstrated equivalent levels of nanoparticle up-take. Together, these studies provide critical benchmark information pertaining to cellular up-take dynamics and biodistribution of nanoparticles in the context of clinically relevant inflammatory microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan K McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ami Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Veronica M Ringel-Scaia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel E Rothschild
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Michael D Powell
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Oestreich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Judy S Riffle
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Richey M Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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33
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OM-85 is an immunomodulator of interferon-β production and inflammasome activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43844. [PMID: 28262817 PMCID: PMC5338315 DOI: 10.1038/srep43844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome–IL-1 axis and type I interferons (IFNs) have been shown to exert protective effects upon respiratory tract infections. Conversely, IL-1 has also been implicated in inflammatory airway pathologies such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OM-85 is a bacterial extract with proved efficacy against COPD and recurrent respiratory tract infections, a cause of co-morbidity in asthmatic patients. We therefore asked whether OM-85 affects the above-mentioned innate immune pathways. Here we show that OM-85 induced interferon-β through the Toll-like receptor adaptors Trif and MyD88 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Moreover, it exerted a dual role on IL-1 production; on the one hand, it upregulated proIL-1β and proIL-1α levels in a MyD88-dependent manner without activating the inflammasome. On the other hand, it repressed IL-1β secretion induced by alum, a well-known NLRP3 activator. In vivo, OM-85 diminished the recruitment of inflammatory cells in response to peritoneal alum challenge. Our findings therefore suggest that OM-85 favors a protective primed state, while dampening inflammasome activation in specific conditions. Taken together, these data bring new insights into the mechanisms of OM-85 action on innate immune pathways and suggest potential explanations for its efficacy in the treatment of virus-induced airway diseases.
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Inflammasomes in the lung. Mol Immunol 2017; 86:44-55. [PMID: 28129896 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses act as first line defences upon exposure to potentially noxious stimuli. The innate immune system has evolved numerous intracellular and extracellular receptors that undertake surveillance for potentially damaging particulates. Inflammasomes are intracellular innate immune multiprotein complexes that form and are activated following interaction with these stimuli. Inflammasome activation leads to the cleavage of pro-IL-1β and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, which initiates acute phase pro-inflammatory responses, and other responses are also involved (IL-18, pyroptosis). However, excessive activation of inflammasomes can result in chronic inflammation, which has been implicated in a range of chronic inflammatory diseases. The airways are constantly exposed to a wide variety of stimuli. Inflammasome activation and downstream responses clears these stimuli. However, excessive activation may drive the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases such as severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus, there is currently intense interest in the role of inflammasomes in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and in their potential for therapeutic targeting. Here we review the known associations between inflammasome-mediated responses and the development and exacerbation of chronic lung diseases.
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Critical role of caspase-8-mediated IL-1 signaling in promoting Th2 responses during asthma pathogenesis. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:128-138. [PMID: 27007676 PMCID: PMC5035164 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that affects >300 million people worldwide. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β have essential roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying the production of IL-1 cytokines in allergic asthma remain unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced asthma to identify a crucial role for caspase-8 in the development of allergic airway inflammation. We further demonstrated that hematopoietic cells have dominant roles in caspase-8-mediated allergic airway inflammation. Caspase-8 was required for the production of IL-1 cytokines to promote Th2 immune response, which promotes the development of pulmonary eosinophilia and inflammation. Thus, our study identifies caspase-8 as a master regulator of IL-1 cytokines that contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and implicates caspase-8 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for asthmatic patients.
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Khameneh HJ, Ho AWS, Spreafico R, Derks H, Quek HQY, Mortellaro A. The Syk-NFAT-IL-2 Pathway in Dendritic Cells Is Required for Optimal Sterile Immunity Elicited by Alum Adjuvants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:196-204. [PMID: 27895176 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite a long history and extensive usage of insoluble aluminum salts (alum) as vaccine adjuvants, the molecular mechanisms underpinning Ag-specific immunity upon vaccination remain unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial initiators of immune responses, but little is known about the molecular pathways used by DCs to sense alum and, in turn, activate T and B cells. In this article, we show that alum adjuvanticity requires IL-2 specifically released by DCs, even when T cell secretion of IL-2 is intact. We demonstrate that alum, as well as other sterile particulates, such as uric acid crystals, induces DCs to produce IL-2 following initiation of actin-mediated phagocytosis that leads to Src and Syk kinase activation, Ca2+ mobilization, and calcineurin-dependent activation of NFAT, the master transcription factor regulating IL-2 expression. Using chimeric mice, we show that DC-derived IL-2 is required for maximal Ag-specific proliferation of CD4+ T cells and optimal humoral responses following alum-adjuvanted immunization. These data identify DC-derived IL-2 as a key mediator of alum adjuvanticity in vivo and the Src-Syk pathway as a potential leverage point in the rational design of novel adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Javanmard Khameneh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Adrian W S Ho
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Heidi Derks
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Hazel Q Y Quek
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
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Primiano MJ, Lefker BA, Bowman MR, Bree AG, Hubeau C, Bonin PD, Mangan M, Dower K, Monks BG, Cushing L, Wang S, Guzova J, Jiao A, Lin LL, Latz E, Hepworth D, Hall JP. Efficacy and Pharmacology of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor CP-456,773 (CRID3) in Murine Models of Dermal and Pulmonary Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2421-33. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Fang H, Shao S, Cao T, Lei J, Dang E, Zhang J, Wang G. Increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components and interleukin-18 in patients with bullous pemphigoid. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:116-23. [PMID: 27174093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common blistering autoimmune disease severely affecting older people. The complex interplay between innate and adaptive immunity is critical in the development of BP. Inflammasomes, which lead to cleavage-induced maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, have been shown to participate in a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, the role of inflammasomes in BP has not been delineated. OBJECTIVE The present work aimed to investigate whether inflammasomes are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of BP. METHODS Expressions of inflammasome components at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with BP and from healthy controls were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. ELISA was employed to evaluate interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and high-mobility group-1 (HMGB1) levels in the serum and blister fluid of patients with BP. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect IL-18 expression in the skin lesion of patients with BP. RESULTS The mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, and pro-IL-18) in PBMCs were significantly up-regulated in BP patients compared with those in healthy controls, and were positively correlated with the autoantibody titers for BP180-NC16A. Western Blot analysis showed that the baseline expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome components were increased in PBMCs of BP patients compared with healthy controls, and we failed to observe the mature IL-1β and IL-18. Further analysis showed that IL-18 was elevated in serum, blister fluid and lesional skin from patients with BP, and the serum IL-18 level was positively correlated with the titers of anti-BP180-NC16A autoantibody in BP patient. Most importantly, we found that mRNA expressions of the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-18 axis components and the serum IL-18 level in BP patients decreased dramatically after effective treatment, which indicated that the up-regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome was responsible, at least to a great degree, for the enhanced IL-18 level in BP patients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the expression of the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-18 axis is highly expressed in the PBMCs of patients with BP, and correlated with disease activity, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis and progression of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Ather JL, Burgess EJ, Hoyt LR, Randall MJ, Mandal MK, Matthews DE, Boyson JE, Poynter ME. Uricase Inhibits Nitrogen Dioxide-Promoted Allergic Sensitization to Inhaled Ovalbumin Independent of Uric Acid Catabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1720-32. [PMID: 27465529 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an environmental air pollutant and endogenously generated oxidant that contributes to the exacerbation of respiratory disease and can function as an adjuvant to allergically sensitize to an innocuous inhaled Ag. Because uric acid has been implicated as a mediator of adjuvant activity, we sought to determine whether uric acid was elevated and participated in a mouse model of NO2-promoted allergic sensitization. We found that uric acid was increased in the airways of mice exposed to NO2 and that administration of uricase inhibited the development of OVA-driven allergic airway disease subsequent to OVA challenge, as well as the generation of OVA-specific Abs. However, uricase was itself immunogenic, inducing a uricase-specific adaptive immune response that occurred even when the enzymatic activity of uricase had been inactivated. Inhibition of the OVA-specific response was not due to the capacity of uricase to inhibit the early steps of OVA uptake or processing and presentation by dendritic cells, but occurred at a later step that blocked OVA-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Although blocking uric acid formation by allopurinol did not affect outcomes, administration of ultra-clean human serum albumin at protein concentrations equivalent to that of uricase inhibited NO2-promoted allergic airway disease. These results indicate that, although uric acid levels are elevated in the airways of NO2-exposed mice, the powerful inhibitory effect of uricase administration on allergic sensitization is mediated more through Ag-specific immune deviation than via suppression of allergic sensitization, a mechanism to be considered in the interpretation of results from other experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ather
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Edward J Burgess
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Laura R Hoyt
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Matthew J Randall
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Mridul K Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; and
| | - Dwight E Matthews
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; and
| | - Jonathan E Boyson
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405;
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Lee S, Suh GY, Ryter SW, Choi AMK. Regulation and Function of the Nucleotide Binding Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing Receptor, Pyrin Domain-Containing-3 Inflammasome in Lung Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:151-60. [PMID: 26418144 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0231tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are specialized inflammatory signaling platforms that govern the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, through the regulation of caspase-1-dependent proteolytic processing. Several nucleotide binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) family members (i.e., NLR family, pyrin domain containing [NLRP] 1, NLRP3, and NLR family, caspase recruitment domain containing-4 [NLRC4]) as well as the pyrin and hemopoietic expression, interferon-inducibility, nuclear localization domain-containing family member, absent in melanoma 2, can form inflammasome complexes in human cells. In particular, the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in response to cellular stresses through a two-component pathway, involving Toll-like receptor 4-ligand interaction (priming) followed by a second signal, such as ATP-dependent P2X purinoreceptor 7 receptor activation. Emerging studies suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome can exert pleiotropic effects in human diseases with potentially both pro- and antipathogenic sequelae. Whereas NLRP3 inflammasome activation can serve as a vital component of host defense against invading bacteria and pathogens, excessive activation of the inflammasome can lead to inflammation-associated tissue injury in the setting of chronic disease. In addition, pyroptosis, an inflammasome-associated mode of cell death, contributes to host defense. Recent research has described the regulation and function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in various pulmonary diseases, including acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The NLRP3 and related inflammasomes, and their regulated cytokines or receptors, may represent novel diagnostic or therapeutic targets in pulmonary diseases and other diseases in which inflammation contributes to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmin Lee
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee-Young Suh
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- 2 Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; and.,3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- 2 Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; and.,3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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Weitnauer M, Mijošek V, Dalpke AH. Control of local immunity by airway epithelial cells. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:287-98. [PMID: 26627458 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The lung is ventilated by thousand liters of air per day. Inevitably, the respiratory system comes into contact with airborne microbial compounds, most of them harmless contaminants. Airway epithelial cells are known to have innate sensor functions, thus being able to detect microbial danger. To avoid chronic inflammation, the pulmonary system has developed specific means to control local immune responses. Even though airway epithelial cells can act as proinflammatory promoters, we propose that under homeostatic conditions airway epithelial cells are important modulators of immune responses in the lung. In this review, we discuss epithelial cell regulatory functions that control reactivity of professional immune cells within the microenvironment of the airways and how these mechanisms are altered in pulmonary diseases. Regulation by epithelial cells can be divided into two mechanisms: (1) mediators regulate epithelial cells' innate sensitivity in cis and (2) factors are produced that limit reactivity of immune cells in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weitnauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Mijošek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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Nouri HR, Karkhah A, Mohammadzadeh I, Sankian M. Elevated caspase‑1 activity and IL‑1β expression are associated with the IPAF inflammasome in an experimental model of allergy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3356-62. [PMID: 26935900 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that interleukin (IL)‑1β has an important role in the development of allergic diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the upstream pathway underlying IL‑1β production in an experimental model of allergy. BALB/c mice (female, 6‑8 weeks old) were sensitized to recombinant (r)Che a 2 by intraperitoneal injection of rChe a 2 adsorbed onto an alum gel suspension on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. In the control group, mice received an injection of 20 mM phosphate‑buffered saline absorbed onto alum via the same route. The allergic status of the mice was confirmed serologically by measuring allergen‑specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels. The protein expression levels of IL‑1β and the mRNA expression levels of inflammasome compartments were measured by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay and semi‑quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. In addition, caspase‑1 activity was determined by fluorometric assay. Sensitized mice exhibited significantly increased levels of specific IgE (P<0.05). IL‑1β production and caspase‑1 activity were significantly higher in the sensitized mice compared with the control group. In addition, no significant differences were observed between the control and sensitized mice in the expression of genes associated with the inflammasome, including NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; apoptosis‑associated speck‑like protein; and NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein 5. However, IL‑1β converting enzyme protease‑activating factor (IPAF) expression was significantly increased in sensitized mice compared with in the control group (P<0.05). These data indicate that caspase‑1 activation and IL‑1β expression are associated with the IPAF inflammasome. Therefore, based on this association, the IPAF inflammasome may be considered for IL‑1β production in the experimental model of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176, Iran
| | - Ahmad Karkhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176, Iran
| | - Iraj Mohammadzadeh
- Non‑communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Amirkola Children's Hospital, Amirkola 47317, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunobiochemistry Lab, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91735, Iran
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Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a serious global health problem worldwide due to frequent and severe outbreaks. IAV causes significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly population, due to the ineffectiveness of the vaccine and the alteration of T cell immunity with ageing. The cellular and molecular link between ageing and virus infection is unclear and it is possible that damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may play a role in the raised severity and susceptibility of virus infections in the elderly. DAMPs which are released from damaged cells following activation, injury or cell death can activate the immune response through the stimulation of the inflammasome through several types of receptors found on the plasma membrane, inside endosomes after endocytosis as well as in the cytosol. In this review, the detriment in the immune system during ageing and the links between influenza virus infection and ageing will be discussed. In addition, the role of DAMPs such as HMGB1 and S100/Annexin in ageing, and the enhanced morbidity and mortality to severe influenza infection in ageing will be highlighted.
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Lan B, Zhang J, Lu D, Li W. Generation of cancer-specific CD8(+) CD69(+) cells inhibits colon cancer growth. Immunobiology 2015; 221:1-5. [PMID: 26314763 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The therapy of colon cancer (Cca) is poor currently. The abnormality of immune function is recognized in cancer-bearing hosts. This study aims to inhibit Cca growth with the in vivo induction of Cca-specific CD8(+) CD69(+) T cell polarization. In this study, a mouse tumor model was created with a mouse colon cancer (Cca) cell line. The Cca-bearing mice were immunized with Cca extracts and alum (using as an adjuvant). The CD8(+) CD69(+) cell polarization status was analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that a Cca antigen-specific CD8(+) CD69(+) cells were induced in the Cca-bearing mice. The Cca growth was efficiently inhibited by the Cca-specific CD8(+) CD69(+) cell response. The Cca-specific CD8(+) CD69(+) cells were detected in the Cca mass and spleen, which had the ability to induce Cca cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the Cca-specific CD8(+) CD69(+) cell polarization can be induced in Cca-bearing mice, which can efficiently inhibit the Cca growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Rd., Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Rd., Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Rd., Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Wenqin Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Rd., Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
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Immune Homeostasis in Epithelial Cells: Evidence and Role of Inflammasome Signaling Reviewed. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:828264. [PMID: 26355424 PMCID: PMC4556877 DOI: 10.1155/2015/828264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium regulates the interaction between the noxious xenogenous, as well as the microbial environment and the immune system, not only by providing a barrier but also by expressing a number of immunoregulatory membrane receptors, and intracellular danger sensors and their downstream effectors. Amongst these are a number of inflammasome sensor subtypes, which have been initially characterized in myeloid cells and described to be activated upon assembly into multiprotein complexes by microbial and environmental triggers. This review compiles a vast amount of literature that supports a pivotal role for inflammasomes in the various epithelial barriers of the human body as essential factors maintaining immune signaling and homeostasis.
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The receptor NLRP3 is a transcriptional regulator of TH2 differentiation. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:859-70. [PMID: 26098997 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The receptor NLRP3 is involved in the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome that activates caspase-1 and mediates the release of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Whether NLRP3 can shape immunological function independently of inflammasomes is unclear. We found that NLRP3 expression in CD4(+) T cells specifically supported a T helper type 2 (TH2) transcriptional program in a cell-intrinsic manner. NLRP3, but not the inflammasome adaptor ASC or caspase-1, positively regulated a TH2 program. In TH2 cells, NLRP3 bound the Il4 promoter and transactivated it in conjunction with the transcription factor IRF4. Nlrp3-deficient TH2 cells supported melanoma tumor growth in an IL-4-dependent manner and also promoted asthma-like symptoms. Our results demonstrate the ability of NLRP3 to act as a key transcription factor in TH2 differentiation.
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Allergens and the airway epithelium response: gateway to allergic sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 134:499-507. [PMID: 25171864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic sensitization to inhaled antigens is common but poorly understood. Although lung epithelial cells were initially merely regarded as a passive barrier impeding allergen penetrance, we now realize that they recognize allergens through expression of pattern recognition receptors and mount an innate immune response driven by activation of nuclear factor κB. On allergen recognition, epithelial cells release cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and GM-CSF, and endogenous danger signals, such as high-mobility group box 1, uric acid, and ATP, that activate the dendritic cell network and other innate immune cells, such as basophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Different allergens stimulate different aspects of this general scheme, and common environmental risk factors for sensitization, such as cigarette smoke and diesel particle exposure, do so as well. All of this is influenced by genetic polymorphisms affecting epithelial pattern recognition, barrier function, and cytokine production. Therefore, epithelial cells are crucial in determining the outcome of allergen inhalation.
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Williams TM, Leeth RA, Rothschild DE, Coutermarsh-Ott SL, McDaniel DK, Simmons AE, Heid B, Cecere TE, Allen IC. The NLRP1 inflammasome attenuates colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:3369-80. [PMID: 25725098 PMCID: PMC4369420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are a diverse family of pattern recognition receptors that are essential mediators of inflammation and host defense in the gastrointestinal system. Recent studies have identified a subgroup of inflammasome forming NLRs that modulate the mucosal immune response during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis associated tumorigenesis. To better elucidate the contribution of NLR family members in IBD and cancer, we conducted a retrospective analysis of gene expression metadata from human patients. These data revealed that NLRP1, an inflammasome forming NLR, was significantly dysregulated in IBD and colon cancer. To better characterize the function of NLRP1 in disease pathogenesis, we used Nlrp1b(-/-) mice in colitis and colitis-associated cancer models. In this paper, we report that NLRP1 attenuates gastrointestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. Nlrp1b(-/-) mice demonstrated significant increases in morbidity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis compared with wild-type animals. Similar to data previously reported for related inflammasome forming NLRs, the increased inflammation and tumor burden was correlated with attenuated levels of IL-1β and IL-18. Further mechanistic studies using bone marrow reconstitution experiments revealed that the increased disease pathogenesis in the Nlrp1b(-/-) mice was associated with nonhematopoietic-derived cells and suggests that NLRP1 functions in the colon epithelial cell compartment to attenuate tumorigenesis. Taken together, these data identify NLRP1 as an essential mediator of the host immune response during IBD and cancer. These findings are consistent with a model whereby multiple NLR inflammasomes attenuate disease pathobiology through modulating IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tere M Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Rachel A Leeth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Daniel E Rothschild
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Sheryl L Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Dylan K McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Alysha E Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Bettina Heid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Thomas E Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Rovina N, Dima E, Bakakos P, Tseliou E, Kontogianni K, Papiris S, Koutsoukou A, Koulouris NG, Loukides S. Low interleukin (IL)-18 levels in sputum supernatants of patients with severe refractory asthma. Respir Med 2015; 109:580-7. [PMID: 25840484 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe refractory asthma (SRA) is characterized by persistent asthma symptoms, amplified airway inflammation despite treatment with high dose inhaled steroids and increased airway bacterial colonization. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine that modulates airway inflammation. Furthermore, as a product of the inflammasome, IL-18 is involved in host defence against viral and bacterial stimuli by modulating the immune response. OBJECTIVE To determine IL-18 levels in sputum supernatants of patients with asthma and to investigate whether underlying severity affects its levels. Furthermore, possible associations with atopy and mediators and cells involved in the inflammatory process of the airways were examined. METHODS Forty-five patients with mild intermittent asthma (21 smokers) and 18 patients with SRA in stable state were studied. All subjects underwent lung function tests, skin prick tests, and sputum induction for cell count identification. IL-18 and ECP levels were measured in sputum supernatants. Furthermore, sputum samples were examined for the commonest respiratory pathogens and viruses by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Patients with SRA had significantly lower IL-18 levels in sputum supernatants compared to mild asthmatics (p < 0.001). Twelve out of eighteen patients with SRA were colonized by viruses and/or bacterial pathogens. IL-18 levels correlated with the percentage of macrophages (r = 0.635, p = 0.026) and inversely correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in sputum (r = -0.715, p = 0.009). No correlations were found between IL-18, ECP and the percentage of eosinophils in the sputum of SRA. CONCLUSIONS In SRA IL-18 is possibly involved in chronic airway inflammation through an eosinophil independent pathway. The decreased levels of IL-18 in SRA support the hypothesis of deregulated inflammasome activation, justifying the susceptibility of these patients for bacterial colonization or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Rovina
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece.
| | - Efrossini Dima
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Eleni Tseliou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kontogianni
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Spyros Papiris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Atticon" Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Antonia Koutsoukou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Koulouris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Atticon" Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
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