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Li L, Zhang T, Xiao M, Lu Y, Gao L. Brain macrophage senescence in glioma. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 104-105:46-60. [PMID: 39098625 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are a diverse group of primary central nervous system neoplasms with no curative therapies available. Brain macrophages comprise microglia in the brain parenchyma, border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space and monocyte-derived macrophages infiltrating the brain. With the great improvement of our recognition of brain macrophages, diverse macrophage populations have been found in the context of glioma, which exhibit functional and phenotypic heterogeneity. We have long thought that brain macrophage senescence is detrimental, manifested by specialized forms of persistent cell cycle arrest and chronic low-grade inflammation. Persistent senescence of macrophages may result in immune dysfunction, potentially contributing to glioma initiation and development. Given the crucial roles played by brain macrophages in glioma, we unravel how brain macrophages undergo reprogramming and their contribution to glioma. We outline general molecular alterations and specific biomarkers in senescent brain macrophages, as well as functional changes (such as metabolism, autophagy, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and infiltration and recruitment). In addition, recent advances in genetic regulation and mechanisms linked to senescent brain macrophages are discussed. In particular, this review emphasizes the contribution of senescent brain macrophages to glioma, which may drive translational efforts to utilize brain macrophages as a prognostic marker or/and treatment target in glioma. An in-depth comprehending of how brain macrophage senescence functionally influences the tumor microenvironment will be key to our development of innovative therapeutics for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Tianhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Meiling Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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2
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Diwan B, Yadav R, Goyal R, Sharma R. Sustained exposure to high glucose induces differential expression of cellular senescence markers in murine macrophages but impairs immunosurveillance response to senescent cells secretome. Biogerontology 2024; 25:627-647. [PMID: 38240923 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The influence of chronic diseases on various facets of macrophage cellular senescence is poorly understood. This study evaluated the impact of chronic hyperglycemia on the induction of cellular senescence and subsequent immunosurveillance functions in RAW264.7 macrophages. Macrophages were cultured under normal glucose (NG; 5 mM), high glucose (HG; 20 mM), and very high glucose (VHG; 40 mM) conditions and assessed for markers of cellular senescence. Hyperglycemia induced strong upregulation of SA-β-gal activity, and loss of PCNA and Lamin B1 gene expression while markers of cell cycle arrest generally decreased. Non-significant changes in SASP-related proteins were observed while ROS levels slightly decreased and mitochondrial membrane potential increased. Protein concentration on the exosome membrane surface and their stability appeared to increase under hyperglycemic conditions. However, when macrophages were exposed to the secretory media (SM) of senescent preadipocytes, a dramatic increase in the levels of all inflammatory proteins was recorded especially in the VHG group that was also accompanied by upregulation of NF-κB and NLRP3 gene expression. SM treatment to hyperglycemic macrophages activated the TLR-2/Myd88 pathway but decreased the expression of scavenger receptors RAGE, CD36, and Olr-1 while CD44 and CXCL16 expression increased. On exposure to LPS, a strong upregulation in NO, ROS, and inflammatory cytokines was observed. Together, these results suggest that primary markers of cellular senescence are aberrantly expressed under chronic hyperglycemic conditions in macrophages with no significant SASP activation. Nonetheless, hyperglycemia strongly deregulates macrophage functions leading to impaired immunosurveillance of senescent cells and aggravation of inflamm-aging. This work provides novel insights into how hyperglycemia-induced dysfunctions can impact the potency of macrophages to manage senescent cell burden in aging tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Diwan
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India.
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3
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Staniszewska M, Kiełbowski K, Rusińska K, Bakinowska E, Gromowska E, Pawlik A. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis - a review of current evidence. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1097-1113. [PMID: 37982244 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2285784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with synovial proliferation and bone erosion, which leads to the structural and functional impairment of the joints. Immune cells, together with synoviocytes, induce a pro-inflammatory environment and novel treatment agents target inflammatory cytokines. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease, and several cytokines are considered as typical mediators in the progression of the disease, including IL-23, IL-22, and IL-17, among others. AREA COVERED In this review, we try to evaluate whether cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), enzymes that regulate cell cycle and transcription of various genes, could become novel therapeutic targets in RA and psoriasis. We present the main results of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as scarce clinical reports. EXPERT OPINION CDK inhibitors seem promising for treating RA and psoriasis because of their multidirectional effects. CDK inhibitors may affect not only the process of osteoclastogenesis, thereby reducing joint destruction in RA, but also the process of apoptosis of neutrophils and macrophages responsible for the development of inflammation in both RA and psoriasis. However, assessing the efficacy of these drugs in clinical practice requires multi-center, long-term clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of CDK-blocking therapy in RA and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Rusińska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Gromowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Oseni SO, Naar C, Pavlović M, Asghar W, Hartmann JX, Fields GB, Esiobu N, Kumi-Diaka J. The Molecular Basis and Clinical Consequences of Chronic Inflammation in Prostatic Diseases: Prostatitis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3110. [PMID: 37370720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is now recognized as one of the major risk factors and molecular hallmarks of chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these prostate diseases are poorly understood. Previous efforts to therapeutically target the upstream (e.g., TLRs and IL1-Rs) and downstream (e.g., NF-κB subunits and cytokines) inflammatory signaling molecules in people with these conditions have been clinically ambiguous and unsatisfactory, hence fostering the recent paradigm shift towards unraveling and understanding the functional roles and clinical significance of the novel and relatively underexplored inflammatory molecules and pathways that could become potential therapeutic targets in managing prostatic diseases. In this review article, we exclusively discuss the causal and molecular drivers of prostatitis, BPH, and prostate tumorigenesis, as well as the potential impacts of microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in promoting prostate pathologies. We specifically focus on the importance of some of the underexplored druggable inflammatory molecules, by discussing how their aberrant signaling could promote prostate cancer (PCa) stemness, neuroendocrine differentiation, castration resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and immunosuppression. The potential contribution of the IL1R-TLR-IRAK-NF-κBs signaling molecules and NLR/inflammasomes in prostate pathologies, as well as the prospective benefits of selectively targeting the midstream molecules in the various inflammatory cascades, are also discussed. Though this review concentrates more on PCa, we envision that the information could be applied to other prostate diseases. In conclusion, we have underlined the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that may need to be targeted and/or further investigated to better understand the association between chronic inflammation and prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Oluwasina Oseni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Corey Naar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlović
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James X Hartmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and I-HEALTH, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Nwadiuto Esiobu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James Kumi-Diaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Alsaleh G, Richter FC, Simon AK. Age-related mechanisms in the context of rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:694-710. [PMID: 36329172 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by a progressive loss of cellular function that leads to a decline in tissue homeostasis, increased vulnerability and adverse health outcomes. Important advances in ageing research have now identified a set of nine candidate hallmarks that are generally considered to contribute to the ageing process and that together determine the ageing phenotype, which is the clinical manifestation of age-related dysfunction in chronic diseases. Although most rheumatic diseases are not yet considered to be age related, available evidence increasingly emphasizes the prevalence of ageing hallmarks in these chronic diseases. On the basis of the current evidence relating to the molecular and cellular ageing pathways involved in rheumatic diseases, we propose that these diseases share a number of features that are observed in ageing, and that they can therefore be considered to be diseases of premature or accelerated ageing. Although more data are needed to clarify whether accelerated ageing drives the development of rheumatic diseases or whether it results from the chronic inflammatory environment, central components of age-related pathways are currently being targeted in clinical trials and may provide a new avenue of therapeutic intervention for patients with rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alsaleh
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Felix C Richter
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna K Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Jiang Z, Jiang C, Jin L, Chen Z, Feng Z, Jiang X, Cao Y. In vitro and in vivo effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on nucleus pulposus cell senescence. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2350-2361. [PMID: 35005809 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus contributes to intervertebral disc degeneration. Nucleus pulposus cell senescence plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration. However, the effects of hyperglycemia on human nucleus pulposus cells and the underlying process remains poorly understood. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of high glucose levels on human nucleus pulposus cell senescence in vitro and the effects of hyperglycemia on rat nucleus pulposus aging in vivo. Human nucleus pulposus cells were cultured in high-glucose medium (200 mM glucose) for 48 h. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to evaluate human nucleus pulposus cell senescence. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end-product levels. Transcriptome sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis was used to understand the abnormal biological processes of nucleus pulposus cells cultured in high-glucose medium. Diabetes mellitus rat models were established and histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to examine nucleus pulposus tissue senescence in vivo. Exposure to a high glucose concentration promoted human nucleus pulposus cell senescence and increased the senescence-related secretion phenotype in human nucleus pulposus cells in vitro and in rat nucleus pulposus tissue in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis showed that hub genes were involved in nucleus pulposus cell cycle activities and cell senescence. The results suggest that appropriate blood glucose control may be key to preventing intervertebral disc degeneration in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhou Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxing Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanwu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen S, Zhou D, Liu O, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Cellular Senescence and Periodontitis: Mechanisms and Therapeutics. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1419. [PMID: 36290323 PMCID: PMC9598109 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which increases in prevalence and severity in the older population. Aging is a leading risk factor for periodontitis, which exacerbates alveolar bone loss and results in tooth loss in the elderly. However, the mechanism by which aging affects periodontitis is not well understood. There is considerable evidence to suggest that targeting cellular senescence could slow down the fundamental aging process, and thus alleviate a series of age-related pathological conditions, likely including alveolar bone loss. Recently, it has been discovered that the senescent cells accumulate in the alveolar bone and promote a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells interacting with bacteria, together with secreted SASP components altering the local microenvironment and inducing paracrine effects in neighboring cells, exacerbate the chronic inflammation in periodontal tissue and lead to more alveolar bone loss. This review will probe into mechanisms underlying excessive alveolar bone loss in periodontitis with aging and discuss potential therapeutics for the treatment of alveolar bone loss targeting cellular senescence and the SASP. Inspecting the relationship between cellular senescence and periodontitis will lead to new avenues of research in this field and contribute to developing potential translatable clinical interventions to mitigate or even reverse the harmful effects of aging on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueying Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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8
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Zhao J, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Cuproptosis and cuproptosis-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis: Implication, prospects, and perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930278. [PMID: 35990673 PMCID: PMC9386151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that severely affects patients' physical and mental health, leading to chronic synovitis and destruction of bone joints. Although various available clinical treatment options exist, patients respond with varying efficacies due to multiple factors, and there is an urgent need to discover new treatment options to improve clinical outcomes. Cuproptosis is a newly characterized form of cell death. Copper causes cuproptosis by binding to lipid-acylated components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to protein aggregation, loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins, and eventually proteotoxic stress. Targeting copper cytotoxicity and cuproptosis are considered potential options for treating oncological diseases. The synovial hypoxic environment and the presence of excessive glycolysis in multiple cells appear to act as inhibitors of cuproptosis, which can lead to excessive survival and proliferation of multiple immune cells, such as fibroblast-like synoviocytes, effector T cells, and macrophages, further mediating inflammation and bone destruction in RA. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to elaborate and summarize the linkage of cuproptosis and key genes regulating cuproptosis to the pathological mechanisms of RA and their effects on a variety of immune cells. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis and support for translating preclinical and experimental results of RA to clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
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Lee KA, Flores RR, Jang IH, Saathoff A, Robbins PD. Immune Senescence, Immunosenescence and Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:900028. [PMID: 35821850 PMCID: PMC9261375 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
With aging, there is increased dysfunction of both innate and adaptive immune responses, which contributes to impaired immune responses to pathogens and greater mortality and morbidity. This age-related immune dysfunction is defined in general as immunosenescence and includes an increase in the number of memory T cells, loss of ability to respond to antigen and a lingering level of low-grade inflammation. However, certain features of immunosenescence are similar to cellular senescence, which is defined as the irreversible loss of proliferation in response to damage and stress. Importantly, senescence cells can develop an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), that also drives non-autonomous cellular senescence and immune dysfunction. Interestingly, viral infection can increase the extent of immune senescence both directly and indirectly, leading to increased immune dysfunction and inflammation, especially in the elderly. This review focuses on age-related immune dysfunction, cellular senescence and the impaired immune response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul D. Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Tal R, Kisa J, Abuwala N, Kliman HJ, Shaikh S, Chen AY, Lyu F, Taylor HS. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells contribute to remodeling of the postpartum uterus. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1489-1505. [PMID: 34224633 PMCID: PMC9313624 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial stem/progenitor cells play a role in postpartum uterine tissue regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. While circulating bone marrow (BM)-derived cells (BMDCs) contribute to nonhematopoietic endometrial cells, the contribution of BMDCs to postpartum uterus remodeling is unknown. We investigated the contribution of BMDCs to the postpartum uterus using 5-fluorouracil-based nongonadotoxic BM transplant from green fluorescent protein (GFP) donors into wild-type C57BL/6J female mice. Flow cytometry showed an influx of GFP+ cells to the uterus immediately postpartum accounting for 28.7% of total uterine cells, followed by a rapid decrease to prepregnancy levels. The majority of uterine GFP+ cells were CD45+ leukocytes, and the proportion of nonhematopoietic CD45-GFP+ cells peaked on postpartum day (PPD) 1 (17.5%). Immunofluorescence colocalization of GFP with CD45 pan-leukocyte and F4/80 macrophage markers corroborated these findings. GFP+ cells were found mostly in subepithelial stromal location. Importantly, GFP+ cytokeratin-positive epithelial cells were found within the luminal epithelium exclusively on PPD1, demonstrating direct contribution to postpartum re-epithelialization. A subset (3.2%) of GFP+ cells were CD31+CD45- endothelial cells, and found integrated within blood vessel endothelium. Notably, BM-derived GFP+ cells demonstrated preferential proliferation (PCNA+) and apoptosis (TUNEL+) on PPD1 vs resident GFP- cells, suggesting an active role for BMDCs in rapid tissue turnover. Moreover, GFP+ cells gradually acquired cell senescence together with decreased proliferation throughout the postpartum. In conclusion, BM-derived progenitors were found to have a novel nonhematopoietic cellular contribution to postpartum uterus remodeling. This contribution may have an important functional role in physiological as well as pathological postpartum endometrial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jacqueline Kisa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nafeesa Abuwala
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harvey J Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shafiq Shaikh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alice Y Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fang Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Kang K, Xia A, Meng F, Chunyu J, Sun X, Ren G, Yu D, Jiang X, Tang L, Xiao W, Li D. FGF21 alleviates chronic inflammatory injury in the aging process through modulating polarization of macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107634. [PMID: 33872851 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that FGF21 prolongs life span and delays the body senescence, but the mechanism is not clear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of FGF21 on hepatic senescence in aging mice and further research the mechanism. The 14-month-old male mice were administered with PBS, FGF21 or metformin once daily for 6 months. Results showed that FGF21 alleviated liver injury and inhibited accumulation of senescence markers SASP, P53 and P16 in the livers of aging mice. Subsequently we found that the aging mice treated by FGF21 showed transition of type 1 macrophages (M1) to type 2 macrophages (M2) in the livers. Next, we used THP-1 macrophages triggered by LPS to study effects of FGF21 on macrophages. Macrophages triggered by LPS exhibited features of M1, but the addition of FGF21 decreased the expression of M1 markers, and promoted the macrophages to exhibit features of M2. Results showed that the effects of FGF21 on macrophages were associated with the AMPK pathway. After adding AMPK inhibitor, the effects of FGF21 were inhibited, which was associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, co-culturing differentiated macrophages and hepatocytes, we found that the large amount of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 promoted hepatocyte senescence, which exhibited enhanced P53, P16 and β-galactosidase. This was contrary to hepatocytes co-cultured with macrophages treated by FGF21. These results indicate that FGF21 alleviates hepatic senescence injury by modulating the polarization of macrophages through the AMPK /NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Anran Xia
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Fanrui Meng
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jian Chunyu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xu Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guiping Ren
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | | | - Lei Tang
- Harbin Weike Biotechnology CO. LTD, Harbin, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Deshan Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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12
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Chen Y, Zhang C, Zou X, Yu M, Yang B, Ji CF, Gao SY, Li J, Liu B. Identification of macrophage related gene in colorectal cancer patients and their functional roles. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:159. [PMID: 34120619 PMCID: PMC8201885 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent scientific research has enabled the identification of macrophages related-genes (MaRG), which play a key role in the control of the immune microenvironment in many human cancers. However, the functional role of MaRGs in human tumors is ill-defined. Herein, we aimed at bioinformatically exploring the molecular signatures of MaRGs in colorectal cancer. METHODS A list of MaRGs was generated and their differential expression was analyzed across multiple datasets downloaded from the publicly available functional genomics database Gene Expression Omnibus. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was also applied to identify the partner genes of these MaRGs in colorectal cancer. RESULTS After integration of the results from analyses of different datasets, we found that 29 differentially expressed MaRGs (DE-MaRGs) could be considered as CRC-related genes as obtained from the WGCNA analysis. These genes were functionally involved in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process and glutathione metabolism. Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that PDIA6, PSMA1, PRC1, RRM2, HSP90AB1, CDK4, MCM7, RFC4, and CCT5 were the hub MaRGs. The LASSO approach was used for validating the 29 MaRGs in TCGA-COAD and TCGA-READ data and the results showed that ten among the 29 genes could be considered as MaRGs significantly involved in CRC. The maftools analysis showed that MaRGs were mutated at varying degrees. The nomogram analysis indicated the correlation of these MaRGs with diverse clinical features of CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, the present disclosed a signature of MaRGs as potential key regulators involved in CRC pathogenesis and progression. These findings contribute not only to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of CRC pathogenesis but also to the development of adequate immunotherapies for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 138 Tongda Street, Harbin, 150076 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Miao Yu
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, No. 138 Tongda Street, Harbin, 150076 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Chen-Feng Ji
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Shi-Yong Gao
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Jun Li
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
| | - Bin Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076 China
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13
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Murakami F, Horimoto Y, Shimizu H, Tada K, Yamaji K, Tamura N, Saito M. Amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis in a breast cancer patient treated with palbociclib: a case report. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2021; 5:214-217. [PMID: 33587021 DOI: 10.1080/24725625.2021.1886400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease that requires new therapeutic agents. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors have recently been approved for metastatic breast cancer patients and have also been reported to improve the arthritis score in collagen-induced arthritis mouse models. We report a 56-year-old woman who had previously been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and treated with methotrexate. At age 40, she underwent surgery with curative intent for breast cancer but subsequently developed lung metastases. Palbociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, was administered in combination with fulvestrant (anti-oestrogen drug) for metastatic breast cancer. One month later, serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 and C-reactive protein levels were markedly decreased, and her rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, which had worsened just prior to the detection of metastatic lung disease, showed amelioration. Methotrexate, which had been used to treat her rheumatoid arthritis, could subsequently be administered in a reduced dose. The cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor was also effective for the metastatic breast cancer, and, to date, the patient's disease has remained stable for more than one year. Based on the results of basic research, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors are promising new therapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis patients, although these drugs have not, as yet, been used in a clinical setting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe a patient whose rheumatoid arthritis responded to a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor administered for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Murakami
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Horimoto
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Shimizu
- General Surgery and Breast Surgery, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kurisu Tada
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaji
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsue Saito
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Yang M, Ma X. Implication of cellular senescence in the progression of chronic kidney disease and the treatment potencies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111191. [PMID: 33418306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing major public health problem worldwide. And CKD shares numerous phenotypic similarities with kidney as well as systemic ageing. Cellular senescence is mainly characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs). Herein, the regulations and the internal mechanisms of cellular senescence will be discussed. Meanwhile, efforts are made to give a comprehensive overview of the recent advances of the implication of cellular senescence in CKD. To date, numerous studies have focused on the effects of ageing risk factors in kidney and thereby trying to interrupt the kidney ageing processes with senolytics. Interestingly, some of them showed enormous clinical application potentials. Therefore, senotherapeutics can be applied as novel potential strategies for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xingjie Ma
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Ge Y, Zhou L, Chen Z, Mao Y, Li T, Tong P, Shan L. Identification of differentially expressed genes, signaling pathways and immune infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Hereditas 2021; 158:5. [PMID: 33397492 PMCID: PMC7784358 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The disability rate associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ranks high among inflammatory joint diseases. However, the cause and potential molecular events are as yet not clear. Here, we aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways and immune infiltration involved in RA utilizing integrated bioinformatics analysis and investigating potential molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods The expression profiles of GSE55235, GSE55457, GSE55584 and GSE77298 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which contained 76 synovial membrane samples, including 49 RA samples and 27 normal controls. The microarray datasets were consolidated and DEGs were acquired and further analyzed by bioinformatics techniques. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed using R (version 3.6.1) software, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs were developed utilizing the STRING database. Finally, the CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in RA. Results A total of 828 DEGs were recognized, with 758 up-regulated and 70 down-regulated. GO and KEGG pathway analyses demonstrated that these DEGs focused primarily on cytokine receptor activity and relevant signaling pathways. The 30 most firmly related genes among DEGs were identified from the PPI network. The principal component analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the two tissues in infiltration immune. Conclusion This study shows that screening for DEGs, pathways and immune infiltration utilizing integrated bioinformatics analyses could aid in the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in RA development. Besides, our study provides valuable data related to DEGs, pathways and immune infiltration of RA and may provide new insight into the understanding of molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zuxiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yingying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
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16
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De Maeyer RPH, Chambers ES. The impact of ageing on monocytes and macrophages. Immunol Lett 2020; 230:1-10. [PMID: 33309673 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a global burden. Increasing age is associated with increased incidence of infections and cancer and decreased vaccine efficacy. This increased morbidity observed with age, is believed to be due in part to a decline in adaptive immunity, termed immunosenescence. However not all aspects of immunity decrease with age as ageing presents with systemic low grade chronic inflammation, characterised by elevated concentrations of mediators such as IL-6, TNFα and C Reactive protein (CRP). Inflammation is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality, and chronic inflammation is known to be detrimental to a functioning immune system. Although the source of the inflammation is much discussed, the key cells which are believed to facilitate the inflammageing phenomenon are the monocytes and macrophages. In this review we detail how macrophage and monocyte phenotype and function change with age. The impact of ageing on macrophages includes decreased phagocytosis and immune resolution, increased senescent-associated markers, increased inflammatory cytokine production, reduced autophagy, and a decrease in TLR expression. With monocytes there is an increase in circulating CD16+ monocytes, decreased type I IFN production, and decreased efferocytosis. In conclusion, we believe that monocytes and macrophages contribute to immunosenescence and inflammageing and as a result have an important role in defective immunity with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma S Chambers
- Centre of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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17
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Ferreira IATM, Porterfield JZ, Gupta RK, Mlcochova P. Cell Cycle Regulation in Macrophages and Susceptibility to HIV-1. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080839. [PMID: 32751972 PMCID: PMC7472357 DOI: 10.3390/v12080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the first line of defence against invading pathogens. They play a crucial role in immunity but also in regeneration and homeostasis. Their remarkable plasticity in their phenotypes and function provides them with the ability to quickly respond to environmental changes and infection. Recent work shows that macrophages undergo cell cycle transition from a G0/terminally differentiated state to a G1 state. This G0-to-G1 transition presents a window of opportunity for HIV-1 infection. Macrophages are an important target for HIV-1 but express high levels of the deoxynucleotide-triphosphate hydrolase SAMHD1, which restricts viral DNA synthesis by decreasing levels of dNTPs. While the G0 state is non-permissive to HIV-1 infection, a G1 state is very permissive to HIV-1 infection. This is because macrophages in a G1 state switch off the antiviral restriction factor SAMHD1 by phosphorylation, thereby allowing productive HIV-1 infection. Here, we explore the macrophage cell cycle and the interplay between its regulation and permissivity to HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A. T. M. Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB20AW, UK; (I.A.T.M.F.); (R.K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - J. Zachary Porterfield
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ravindra K. Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB20AW, UK; (I.A.T.M.F.); (R.K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Petra Mlcochova
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB20AW, UK; (I.A.T.M.F.); (R.K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
- Correspondence:
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18
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Mlcochova P, Winstone H, Zuliani-Alvarez L, Gupta RK. TLR4-Mediated Pathway Triggers Interferon-Independent G0 Arrest and Antiviral SAMHD1 Activity in Macrophages. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3972-3980.e5. [PMID: 32209460 PMCID: PMC7109521 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exist predominantly in two distinct states, G0 and a G1-like state that is accompanied by phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at T592. Here, we demonstrate that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation can potently induce G0 arrest and SAMHD1 antiretroviral activity by an interferon (IFN)-independent pathway. This pathway requires TLR4 engagement with TRIF, but not involvement of TBK1 or IRF3. Exclusive Myd88 activators are unable to trigger G0 arrest or SAMHD1 dephosphorylation, demonstrating this arrest is also Myd88/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) independent. The G0 arrest is accompanied by p21 upregulation and CDK1 depletion, consistent with the observed SAMHD1 dephosphorylation at T592. Furthermore, we show by SAMHD1 knockdown that the TLR4-activated pathway potently blocks HIV-1 infection in macrophages specifically via SAMHD1. Together, these data demonstrate that macrophages can mobilize an intrinsic cell arrest and anti-viral state by activating TLR4 prior to IFN secretion, thereby highlighting the importance of cell-cycle regulation as a response to pathogen-associated danger signals in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mlcochova
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
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19
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Lv F, Li N, Kong M, Wu J, Fan Z, Miao D, Xu Y, Ye Q, Wang Y. CDKN2a/p16 Antagonizes Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis by Modulating ROS Levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:176. [PMID: 32266258 PMCID: PMC7105638 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid-storage hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play as pivotal role in liver fibrosis being able to trans-differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to various pro-fibrogenic stimuli. In the present study we investigated the role of CDKN2a/p16, a negative regulator of cell cycling, in HSC activation and the underlying mechanism. Levels of p16 were significantly down-regulated in activated HSCs isolated from mice induced to develop liver fibrosis compared to quiescent HSCs isolated from the control mice ex vivo. There was a similar decrease in p16 expression in cultured HSCs undergoing spontaneous activation or exposed to TGF-β treatment in vitro. More important, p16 down-regulation was observed to correlate with cirrhosis in humans. In a classic model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis, fibrogenesis was far more extensive in mice with p16 deficiency (KO) than the wild type (WT) littermates. Depletion of p16 in cultured HSCs promoted the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Mechanistically, p16 deficiency accelerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HSCs likely through the p38 MAPK signaling. P38 inhibition or ROS cleansing attenuated ECM production in p16 deficient HSCs. Taken together, our data unveil a previously unappreciated role for p16 in the regulation of HSC activation. Screening for small-molecule compounds that can boost p16 activity may yield novel therapeutic strategies against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiao Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Martínez-Hervás S, Sánchez-García V, Herrero-Cervera A, Vinué Á, Real JT, Ascaso JF, Burks DJ, González-Navarro H. Type 1 diabetic mellitus patients with increased atherosclerosis risk display decreased CDKN2A/2B/2BAS gene expression in leukocytes. J Transl Med 2019; 17:222. [PMID: 31299986 PMCID: PMC6626385 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients display increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are characterized by a diminished regulatory T (Treg) cell content or function. Previous studies have shown an association between decreased CDKN2A/2B/2BAS gene expression and enhanced CVD. In the present study the potential relationship between CDKN2A/2B/2BAS gene expression, immune cell dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in T1DM patients was explored. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 90 subjects divided into controls and T1DM patients. Circulating leukocyte subpopulations analysis by flow cytometry, expression studies on peripheral blood mononuclear cell by qPCR and western blot and correlation studies were performed in both groups of subjects. Results Analysis indicated that, consistent with the described T cell dysfunction, T1DM subjects showed decreased circulating CD4+CD25+CD127− Treg cells. In addition, T1DM subjects had lower mRNA levels of the transcription factors FOXP3 and RORC and lower levels of IL2 and IL6 which are involved in Treg and Th17 cell differentiation, respectively. T1DM patients also exhibited decreased mRNA levels of CDKN2A (variant 1 p16Ink4a), CDKN2A (p14Arf,variant 4), CDKN2B (p15Ink4b) and CDKN2BAS compared with controls. Notably, T1DM patients had augmented pro-atherogenic CD14++CD16+-monocytes, which predict cardiovascular acute events and enhanced common carotid intima-media thickness (CC-IMT). Conclusions Decreased expression of CDKN2A/2B/2BAS in leukocytes associates with increased CC-IMT atherosclerosis surrogate marker and proatherogenic CD14++CD16+ monocytes in T1DM patients. These results suggest a potential role of CDKN2A/2B/2BAS genes in CVD risk in T1DM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1977-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Hervás
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Hospital Clínico Universitario. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángela Vinué
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Tomás Real
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Hospital Clínico Universitario. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Ascaso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Hospital Clínico Universitario. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah Jane Burks
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Didactics of Experimental and Social Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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21
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Yin D, Chen Y, Li Y, Lu R, Wang B, Zhu S, Fan B, Xu Z. Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase 1 Mediates the Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain after Chronic Constriction Injury in Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1214-1227. [PMID: 30859436 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) has complicated pathogenesis as it mainly involves a lesion or dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system and its clinical treatment remains challenging. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) model is a widely used neuropathic pain model and involved in mechanisms including both nerve inflammatory and injury. Cytokines and their receptors play essential roles in the occurrence and persistence of neuropathic pain, but the underlying mechanisms have not well been understood. Therefore, Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is chosen to explore the possible mechanisms of NP. In the present study, IRAK1 was found to persistently increase in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord (SC) during CCI detected by western blot. The staining further confirmed that IRAK1 was mainly co-located in the DRG astrocytes or SC neurons, but less in the DRG microglia or SC astrocytes. Moreover, the region of increased IRAK1 expression was observed in superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn, which was the nociceptive neuronal expression domain, suggesting that IRAK1 may mediated CCI-induced pain by nociceptive primary afferent. In addition, intrathecal injection of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor or IRAK1 siRNA decreased the expression of IRAK1 accompanied with the alleviation of CCI-induced neuropathic pain. The upregulation of p-NF-κB expression was reversed by IRAK1 siRNA in SC, and intrathecal injection of p-NF-κB inhibitor relieved neuropathic pain. Taking together, targeting IRAK1 may be a potential treatment for chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekun Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Funing People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Yancheng, 224400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rongxiang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shunxing Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhongling Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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22
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Castellanos-Rubio A, Ghosh S. Disease-Associated SNPs in Inflammation-Related lncRNAs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:420. [PMID: 30906297 PMCID: PMC6418042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated diseases, such as celiac disease, type 1 diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases that share many key genetic triggers. Although the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the development of immune mediated disorders is not totally understood, high-throughput genomic studies, such as GWAS and Immunochip, performed in the past few years have provided intriguing hints about underlying mechanisms and pathways that lead to disease. More than a hundred gene variants associated with disease susceptibility have been identified through such studies, but the progress toward understanding the underlying mechanisms has been slow. The majority of the identified risk variants are located in non-coding regions of the genome making it difficult to assign a molecular function to the SNPs. However, recent studies have revealed that many of the non-coding regions bearing disease-associated SNPs generate long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs have been implicated in several inflammatory diseases, and many of them have been shown to function as regulators of gene expression. Many of the disease associated SNPs located in lncRNAs modify their secondary structure, or influence expression levels, thereby affecting their regulatory function, hence contributing to the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
- Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Functional Studies in Celiac Disease Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Laphanuwat P, Jirawatnotai S. Immunomodulatory Roles of Cell Cycle Regulators. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:23. [PMID: 30863749 PMCID: PMC6399147 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Core cell cycle regulators, including cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), are known for their well-characterized roles in cell division. Several recent studies have shed light on the roles of these proteins in immune modulation. The development and activation of cells in the immune system take place not only during embryonic development but throughout the life of a multicellular organism. Cell cycle regulators are involved in the development of immune cells, partly as the machinery controlling the expansion and differentiation of the populations of immune cells. In addition, these proteins serve non-cell cycle functions. In this review, we summarize the emerging roles of cell cycle regulators in modulating functions of the immune system and discuss how they may be exploited as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatthamon Laphanuwat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Siriraj Center of Research for Excellence for Systems Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siwanon Jirawatnotai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Siriraj Center of Research for Excellence for Systems Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Heme detoxification by heme oxygenase-1 reinstates proliferative and immune balances upon genotoxic tissue injury. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:72. [PMID: 30683864 PMCID: PMC6347604 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic changes of myeloid cells are critical to the regulation of premature aging, development of cancer, and responses to infection. Heme metabolism has a fundamental role in the regulation of myeloid cell function and activity. Here, we show that deletion of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that removes heme, results in an impaired DNA damage response (DDR), reduced cell proliferation, and increased cellular senescence. We detected increased levels of p16INK4a, H2AXγ, and senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in cells and tissues isolated from HO-1-deficient mice. Importantly, deficiency of HO-1 in residential macrophages in chimeric mice results in elevated DNA damage and senescence upon radiation-induced injury. Mechanistically, we found that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 protein signaling is critical for heme and HO-1-regulated phenotype of macrophages. Collectively, our data indicate that HO-1, by detoxifying heme, blocks p16INK4a expression in macrophages, preventing DNA damage and cellular senescence.
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25
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Calcinotto A, Kohli J, Zagato E, Pellegrini L, Demaria M, Alimonti A. Cellular Senescence: Aging, Cancer, and Injury. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1047-1078. [PMID: 30648461 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that occurs in proliferating cells subjected to different stresses. Senescence is, therefore, a cellular defense mechanism that prevents the cells to acquire an unnecessary damage. The senescent state is accompanied by a failure to re-enter the cell cycle in response to mitogenic stimuli, an enhanced secretory phenotype and resistance to cell death. Senescence takes place in several tissues during different physiological and pathological processes such as tissue remodeling, injury, cancer, and aging. Although senescence is one of the causative processes of aging and it is responsible of aging-related disorders, senescent cells can also play a positive role. In embryogenesis and tissue remodeling, senescent cells are required for the proper development of the embryo and tissue repair. In cancer, senescence works as a potent barrier to prevent tumorigenesis. Therefore, the identification and characterization of key features of senescence, the induction of senescence in cancer cells, or the elimination of senescent cells by pharmacological interventions in aging tissues is gaining consideration in several fields of research. Here, we describe the known key features of senescence, the cell-autonomous, and noncell-autonomous regulators of senescence, and we attempt to discuss the functional role of this fundamental process in different contexts in light of the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Jaskaren Kohli
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Elena Zagato
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Demaria
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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26
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Stojiljkovic MR, Ain Q, Bondeva T, Heller R, Schmeer C, Witte OW. Phenotypic and functional differences between senescent and aged murine microglia. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 74:56-69. [PMID: 30439594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the key innate immune cells in the brain, have been reported to drive brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders; however, few studies have analyzed microglial senescence and the impact of aging on the properties of microglia. In the present study, we characterized senescence- and aging-associated phenotypes of murine brain microglia using well-accepted markers, including telomere length, telomerase activity, expression of p16INK4a, p21, p53, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and a Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol assay indicated shortened telomeres and increased telomerase activity in senescent microglia, whereas telomeres remained unaltered and telomerase activity was reduced in aged microglia. Senescent microglia upregulated p16INK4a, p21, and p53, whereas acutely isolated microglia from the aged brain only exhibited a modest upregulation of p16INK4a. Senescent microglia showed decreased proliferation, while it was unchanged in aged microglia. Furthermore, microglia at late passages strongly upregulated expression of the senescent marker senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Senescent and aged microglia exhibited differential activation profiles and altered responses to stimulation. We conclude that microglia from the aged mouse brain do not show typical senescent changes because their phenotype and functional response strongly differ from those of senescent microglia in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quratul Ain
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tzvetanka Bondeva
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Regine Heller
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Schmeer
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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27
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Diekman BO, Sessions GA, Collins JA, Knecht AK, Strum SL, Mitin NK, Carlson CS, Loeser RF, Sharpless NE. Expression of p16 INK 4a is a biomarker of chondrocyte aging but does not cause osteoarthritis. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12771. [PMID: 29744983 PMCID: PMC6052464 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence drives a functional decline of numerous tissues with aging by limiting regenerative proliferation and/or by producing pro‐inflammatory molecules known as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The senescence biomarker p16INK4a is a potent inhibitor of the cell cycle but is not essential for SASP production. Thus, it is unclear whether p16INK4a identifies senescence in hyporeplicative cells such as articular chondrocytes and whether p16INK4a contributes to pathologic characteristics of cartilage aging. To address these questions, we examined the role of p16INK4a in murine and human models of chondrocyte aging. We observed that p16INK4amRNA expression was significantly upregulated with chronological aging in murine cartilage (~50‐fold from 4 to 18 months of age) and in primary human chondrocytes from 57 cadaveric donors (r2 = .27, p < .0001). Human chondrocytes exhibited substantial replicative potential in vitro that depended on the activity of cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 or 6 (CDK4/6), and proliferation was reduced in cells from older donors with increased p16INK4a expression. Moreover, increased chondrocyte p16INK4a expression correlated with several SASP transcripts. Despite the relationship between p16INK4a expression and these features of senescence, somatic inactivation of p16INK4a in chondrocytes of adult mice did not mitigate SASP expression and did not alter the rate of osteoarthritis (OA) with physiological aging or after destabilization of the medial meniscus. These results establish that p16INK4a expression is a biomarker of dysfunctional chondrocytes, but that the effects of chondrocyte senescence on OA are more likely driven by production of SASP molecules than by loss of chondrocyte replicative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O. Diekman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Garrett A. Sessions
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - John A. Collins
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Anne K. Knecht
- HealthSpan Diagnostics LLC; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - Susan L. Strum
- HealthSpan Diagnostics LLC; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - Natalia K. Mitin
- HealthSpan Diagnostics LLC; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - Cathy S. Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota
| | - Richard F. Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Norman E. Sharpless
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- The National Cancer Institute; Bethesda Maryland
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28
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Sundar IK, Rashid K, Gerloff J, Li D, Rahman I. Genetic Ablation of p16 INK4a Does Not Protect against Cellular Senescence in Mouse Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:189-199. [PMID: 29447461 PMCID: PMC6096345 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0390oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) affects DNA damage and cellular senescence signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). p16INK4a (p16: a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) is a key marker of cellular senescence, which is induced by CS in lung cells. It is thought that removal of p16 attenuates premature aging by removing senesced cells. However, the role of p16 in CS-induced stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) during the development of COPD/emphysema is not known. We hypothesize that p16 regulates cellular senescence and DNA damage/repair molecular signaling targets during chronic CS-induced inflammation and airspace enlargement in mouse models of COPD. We used p16 global knockout (KO) and p16 lung epithelial cell-specific KO (p16CreCC10) mice to determine whether p16 removal in lung epithelium augments or protects against cellular senescence (SIPS and SASP) in chronic CS- and elastase-induced development of COPD/emphysema in mice. p16 KO mice exposed to chronic CS and p16 lung epithelial cell-specific KO mice exposed to elastase did not show attenuation of lung inflammation, altered lung function, or airspace enlargement. p16 KO and p16CreCC10 exposed to CS and elastase showed increases in lung senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Thus, removal of p16-positive cells did not protect against airspace enlargement and decline in lung function induced in COPD mouse models. Our findings suggest that p16 is not the only key player associated with CS-induced cellular senescence phenotypes (SIPS and SASP), decline in lung function, and airspace enlargement in COPD/emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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29
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Hall BM, Balan V, Gleiberman AS, Strom E, Krasnov P, Virtuoso LP, Rydkina E, Vujcic S, Balan K, Gitlin II, Leonova KI, Consiglio CR, Gollnick SO, Chernova OB, Gudkov AV. p16(Ink4a) and senescence-associated β-galactosidase can be induced in macrophages as part of a reversible response to physiological stimuli. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1867-1884. [PMID: 28768895 PMCID: PMC5611982 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive p16Ink4a expression, along with senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβG), are commonly accepted biomarkers of senescent cells (SCs). Recent reports attributed improvement of the healthspan of aged mice following p16Ink4a-positive cell killing to the eradication of accumulated SCs. However, detection of p16Ink4a/SAβG-positive macrophages in the adipose tissue of old mice and in the peritoneal cavity of young animals following injection of alginate-encapsulated SCs has raised concerns about the exclusivity of these markers for SCs. Here we report that expression of p16Ink4a and SAβG in macrophages is acquired as part of a physiological response to immune stimuli rather than through senescence, consistent with reports that p16Ink4a plays a role in macrophage polarization and response. Unlike SCs, p16Ink4a/SAβG-positive macrophages can be induced in p53-null mice. Macrophages, but not mesenchymal SCs, lose both markers in response to M1- [LPS, IFN-α, Poly(I:C)] and increase their expression in response to M2-inducing stimuli (IL-4, IL-13). Moreover, interferon-inducing agent Poly(I:C) dramatically reduced p16Ink4a expression in vivo in our alginate bead model and in the adipose tissue of aged mice. These observations suggest that the antiaging effects following eradication of p16Ink4a-positive cells may not be solely attributed to SCs but also to non-senescent p16Ink4a/SAβG-positive macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitaly Balan
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karina Balan
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ilya I Gitlin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Katerina I Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Camila R Consiglio
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sandra O Gollnick
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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30
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Prattichizzo F, De Nigris V, Mancuso E, Spiga R, Giuliani A, Matacchione G, Lazzarini R, Marcheselli F, Recchioni R, Testa R, La Sala L, Rippo MR, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Ceriello A. Short-term sustained hyperglycaemia fosters an archetypal senescence-associated secretory phenotype in endothelial cells and macrophages. Redox Biol 2018; 15:170-181. [PMID: 29253812 PMCID: PMC5735298 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic status is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and an increased burden of senescent cells. Recently, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been suggested as a possible source of inflammatory factors in obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. However, while senescence is a known consequence of hyperglycaemia, evidences of SASP as a result of the glycaemic insult are missing. In addition, few data are available regarding which cell types are the main SASP-spreading cells in vivo. Adopting a four-pronged approach we demonstrated that: i) an archetypal SASP response that was at least partly attributable to endothelial cells and macrophages is induced in mouse kidney after in vivo exposure to sustained hyperglycaemia; ii) reproducing a similar condition in vitro in endothelial cells and macrophages, hyperglycaemic stimulus largely phenocopies the SASP acquired during replicative senescence; iii) in endothelial cells, hyperglycaemia-induced senescence and SASP could be prevented by SOD-1 overexpression; and iiii) ex vivo circulating angiogenic cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic patients displayed features consistent with the SASP. Overall, the present findings document a direct link between hyperglycaemia and the SASP in endothelial cells and macrophages, making the SASP a highly likely contributor to the fuelling of low-grade inflammation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Prattichizzo
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni,Milano, Italy; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valeria De Nigris
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Viale Europa, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Viale Europa, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lazzarini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences - Histology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorella Marcheselli
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rina Recchioni
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Testa
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, Italy
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31
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Prattichizzo F, De Nigris V, Spiga R, Mancuso E, La Sala L, Antonicelli R, Testa R, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Ceriello A. Inflammageing and metaflammation: The yin and yang of type 2 diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:1-17. [PMID: 29081381 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation, recently referred to as 'metaflammation', a relevant factor contributing to the development of both diabetes and its complications. Nonetheless, 'canonical' anti-inflammatory drugs do not yield satisfactory results in terms of prevention of diabetes progression and of cardiovascular events, suggesting that the causal mechanisms fostering metaflammation deserve further research to identify new druggable targets. Metaflammation resembles ageing-induced low-grade inflammation, previously referred to as inflammageing, in terms of clinical presentation and the molecular profile, pointing to a common aetiology for both conditions. Along with the mechanisms proposed to fuel inflammageing, here we dissect a plethora of pathological cascades triggered by gluco- and lipotoxicity, converging on candidate phenomena possibly explaining the enduring pro-inflammatory program observed in diabetic tissues, i.e. persistent immune-system stimulation, accumulation of senescent cells, epigenetic rearrangements, and alterations in microbiota composition. We discuss the possibility of harnessing these recent discoveries in future therapies for T2DM. Moreover, we review recent evidence regarding the ability of diets and physical exercise to modulate selected inflammatory pathways relevant for the diabetic pathology. Finally, we examine the latest findings showing putative anti-inflammatory mechanisms of anti-hyperglycaemic agents with proven efficacy against T2DM-induced cardiovascular complications, in order to gain insights into quickly translatable therapeutic approaches.
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32
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Hall BM, Balan V, Gleiberman AS, Strom E, Krasnov P, Virtuoso LP, Rydkina E, Vujcic S, Balan K, Gitlin I, Leonova K, Polinsky A, Chernova OB, Gudkov AV. Aging of mice is associated with p16(Ink4a)- and β-galactosidase-positive macrophage accumulation that can be induced in young mice by senescent cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1294-315. [PMID: 27391570 PMCID: PMC4993332 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells (SCs) have been considered a source of age-related chronic sterile systemic inflammation and a target for anti-aging therapies. To understand mechanisms controlling the amount of SCs, we analyzed the phenomenon of rapid clearance of human senescent fibroblasts implanted into SCID mice, which can be overcome when SCs were embedded into alginate beads preventing them from immunocyte attack. To identify putative SC killers, we analyzed the content of cell populations in lavage and capsules formed around the SC-containing beads. One of the major cell types attracted by secretory factors of SCs was a subpopulation of macrophages characterized by p16(Ink4a) gene expression and β-galactosidase activity at pH6.0 (β-gal(pH6)), thus resembling SCs. Consistently, mice with p16(Ink4a) promoter-driven luciferase, developed bright luminescence of their peritoneal cavity within two weeks following implantation of SCs embedded in alginate beads. p16(Ink4a)/β-gal(pH6)-expressing cells had surface biomarkers of macrophages F4/80 and were sensitive to liposomal clodronate used for the selective killing of cells capable of phagocytosis. At the same time, clodronate failed to kill bona fide SCs generated in vitro by genotoxic stress. Old mice with elevated proportion of p16(Ink4a)/β-gal(pH6)-positive cells in their tissues demonstrated reduction of both following systemic clodronate treatment, indicating that a significant proportion of cells previously considered to be SCs are actually a subclass of macrophages. These observations point at a significant role of p16(Ink4a)/β-gal(pH6)-positive macrophages in aging, which previously was attributed solely to SCs. They require re-interpretation of the mechanisms underlying rejuvenating effects following eradication of p16(Ink4a)/β-gal(pH6)-positive cells and reconsideration of potential cellular target for anti-aging treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitaly Balan
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karina Balan
- Everon Biosciences, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ilya Gitlin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Katerina Leonova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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33
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p16 deficiency promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via regulation of hepatic oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:264-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yadav R, Weng HR. EZH2 regulates spinal neuroinflammation in rats with neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2017; 349:106-117. [PMID: 28257897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in gene expression along the pain signaling pathway is a key mechanism contributing to the genesis of neuropathic pain. Accumulating studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in nociceptive process in the spinal dorsal horn. In this present study, we investigated the role of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2, in the spinal dorsal horn in the genesis of neuropathic pain in rats induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation. EZH2 is a histone methyltransferase, which catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 on K27 (H3K27), resulting in gene silencing. We found that levels of EZH2 and tri-methylated H3K27 (H3K27TM) in the spinal dorsal horn were increased in rats with neuropathic pain on day 3 and day 10 post nerve injuries. EZH2 was predominantly expressed in neurons in the spinal dorsal horn under normal conditions. The number of neurons with EZH2 expression was increased after nerve injury. More strikingly, nerve injury drastically increased the number of microglia with EZH2 expression by more than sevenfold. Intrathecal injection of the EZH2 inhibitor attenuated the development and maintenance of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats with nerve injury. Such analgesic effects were concurrently associated with the reduced levels of EZH2, H3K27TM, Iba1, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with nerve injury. Our results highly suggest that targeting the EZH2 signaling pathway could be an effective approach for the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, the University of Georgia, USA
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, the University of Georgia, USA.
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WU S, WANG J, LI F. Role of SNF5 in rheumatoid arthritis by upregulation ofp16 and inactivation of JNK pathway. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1610-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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36
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Chalan P, van den Berg A, Kroesen BJ, Brouwer L, Boots A. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Immunosenescence and the Hallmarks of Aging. Curr Aging Sci 2016. [PMID: 26212057 PMCID: PMC5388800 DOI: 10.2174/1874609808666150727110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for the development of infectious diseases, cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The very act of living causes damage to cells. A network of molecular, cellular and physiological maintenance and repair systems creates a buffering capacity against these damages. Aging leads to progressive shrinkage of the buffering capacity and increases vulnerability. In order to better understand the complex mammalian aging processes, nine hallmarks of aging and their interrelatedness were recently put forward. RA is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the joints. Although RA may develop at a young age, the incidence of RA increases with age. It has been suggested that RA may develop as a consequence of premature aging (immunosenescence) of the immune system. Alternatively, premature aging may be the consequence of the inflammatory state in RA. In an effort to answer this chicken and egg conundrum, we here outline and discuss the nine hallmarks of aging, their contribution to the pre-aged phenotype and the effects of treatment on the reversibility of immunosenescence in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annemieke Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Al-Ansari MM, Aboussekhra A. miR-146b-5p mediates p16-dependent repression of IL-6 and suppresses paracrine procarcinogenic effects of breast stromal fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30006-16. [PMID: 26338965 PMCID: PMC4745778 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence support the critical roles of active stromal fibroblasts in breast cancer development and spread. However, the mediators and the mechanisms of regulation are still not well defined. We have shown here that the tumor suppressor p16INK4A protein inhibits the pro-carcinogenic effects of breast stromal fibroblasts through repressing the expression/secretion of IL-6. Indeed, p16INK4A suppresses IL-6 at the mRNA and protein levels. This effect is mediated trough miR-146b-5p, which inhibits IL-6 expression through a specific sequence at the IL-6 3′UTR. In addition, we present clear evidence that miR-146b-5p inhibition is sufficient to transactivate breast stromal fibroblasts, which promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition in breast cancer cells in a paracrine manner. By contrast, ectopic expression of miR-146b-5p in active fibroblasts abrogated their pro-carcinogenic effects. The physiological importance of miR-146b-5p inhibition was revealed by showing that the levels of pre-miR-146b-5p as well as its mature form are reduced in cancer-associated fibroblasts as compared with their normal adjacent counterparts from cancer-free tissues isolated from the same patients. Interestingly, treatment of active breast stromal fibroblasts with curcumin increased the level of the p16INK4A coding CDKN2A mRNA and miR-146b-5p and suppressed IL-6, which confirms the repressive effect of these two tumor suppressor molecules on IL-6, and shows the possible “normalization” of cancer-related active fibroblasts. These results show that miR-146b-5p has non-cell-autonomous tumor suppressor function through inhibition of IL-6, suggesting that targeting this microRNA in breast stromal fibroblasts could be of great therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vicente R, Mausset‐Bonnefont A, Jorgensen C, Louis‐Plence P, Brondello J. Cellular senescence impact on immune cell fate and function. Aging Cell 2016; 15:400-6. [PMID: 26910559 PMCID: PMC4854915 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence occurs not only in cultured fibroblasts, but also in undifferentiated and specialized cells from various tissues of all ages, in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review recent findings on the role of cellular senescence in immune cell fate decisions in macrophage polarization, natural killer cell phenotype, and following T-lymphocyte activation. We also introduce the involvement of the onset of cellular senescence in some immune responses including T-helper lymphocyte-dependent tissue homeostatic functions and T-regulatory cell-dependent suppressive mechanisms. Altogether, these data propose that cellular senescence plays a wide-reaching role as a homeostatic orchestrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vicente
- INSERM, U1183, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
- University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- CHRU de Montpellier, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
| | - Anne‐Laure Mausset‐Bonnefont
- INSERM, U1183, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
- University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- CHRU de Montpellier, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- INSERM, U1183, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
- University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- CHRU de Montpellier, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
| | - Pascale Louis‐Plence
- INSERM, U1183, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
- University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- CHRU de Montpellier, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
| | - Jean‐Marc Brondello
- INSERM, U1183, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
- University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- CHRU de Montpellier, IRMBMontpellier CedexFrance
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Schmitz ML, Kracht M. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases as Coregulators of Inflammatory Gene Expression. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:101-113. [PMID: 26719217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) exert a variety of functions through regulation of the cell cycle and gene expression, thus implicating them in diverse biological processes. Recent studies have deciphered the molecular mechanisms employed by nuclear CDKs to support the expression of inflammatory mediators. Induced transcription of many proinflammatory genes is increased during the G1 phase of the cell cycle in a CDK-dependent manner. This process involves the cytokine-induced recruitment of CDK6 to the nuclear chromatin fraction where it associates with transcription factors of the NF-κB, STAT, and AP-1 families. The ability of CDK6 to trigger the expression of VEGF-A and p16(INK4A) and to recruit the NF-κB subunit p65 to its target sites is largely independent of its kinase function. The involvement of CDKs in proinflammatory gene expression also allows therapeutic targeting of their functions to interfere with tumor-promoting inflammation or chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstrasse 24, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute for Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Schubertstrasse 81, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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A20 regulates IL-1-induced tolerant production of CXC chemokines in human mesangial cells via inhibition of MAPK signaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18007. [PMID: 26648169 PMCID: PMC4673611 DOI: 10.1038/srep18007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in the resolution or progression of renal diseases. Locally secreted chemokines mediated leukocyte recruitment during the initiation and amplification phase of renal inflammation. However, the regulation of chemokine induction is not fully understood. In this study, we found that IL-1 induced a significant up-regulation of CXC chemokines CXCL1, 2, and 8 at both mRNA and protein levels in human mesangial cells. The induction of chemokines was tolerant, as the pre-treatment of HMC with IL-1 down-regulated the induction of chemokines induced by IL-1 re-stimulation. IL-1 up-regulated the ubiquintin-editing enzyme A20. A20 over-expression down-regulated IL-1-induced up-regulation of chemokines, and A20 down-regulation reversed chemokine inhibition induced by IL-1 pre-treatment, suggested that A20 played important roles in the tolerant production of chemokines. Unexpectedly, A20 over- expression inhibited the activation of ERK, JNK, and P38, but did not inhibit the activation of NF-κB. In addition, both IL-1 treatment and A20 over-expression induced the degradation of IRAK1, an important adaptor for IL-1R1 signaling, and A20 inhibition by RNA interference partly reversed the degradation of IRAK1. Taken together, IL-1-induced A20 negatively regulated chemokine production, suggesting that A20 may be an important target for the prevention and control of kidney inflammation.
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Bal G, Futschik ME, Hartl D, Ringel F, Kamhieh-Milz J, Sterzer V, Hoheisel JD, Alhamdani MSS, Salama A. Identification of novel biomarkers in chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) by microarray-based serum protein profiling. Br J Haematol 2015; 172:602-15. [PMID: 26628061 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathological mechanisms underlying the development of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are unclear and its diagnosis remains a process of exclusion. Currently, there are no known specific biomarkers for ITP to support differential diagnosis and treatment decisions. Profiling of serum proteins may be valuable for identifying such biomarkers. Sera from 46 patients with primary chronic ITP and 34 healthy blood donors were analysed using a microarray of 755 antibodies. We identified 161 differentially expressed proteins. In addition to oncoproteins and tumour-suppressor proteins, including apoptosis regulator BCL2, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1), Fanconi anaemia complementation group C (FANCC) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), we detected six anti-nuclear autoantibodies in a subset of ITP patients: anti-PCNA, anti-SmD, anti-Ro/SSA60, anti-Ro/SSA52, anti-La/SSB and anti-RNPC antibodies. This finding may provide a rational explanation for the association of ITP with malignancies and other autoimmune diseases. While RUNX1mRNA expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients was significantly downregulated, an accumulation of RUNX1 protein was observed in the platelets of ITP patients. This may indicate dysregulation of RUNX1 expression in PBMC and megakaryocytes and may lead to an imbalanced immune response and impaired thrombopoiesis. In conclusion, we provide novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of ITP that warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürkan Bal
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Hartl
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Ringel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktor Sterzer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed S S Alhamdani
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdulgabar Salama
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Li W, Xiao J, Zhou X, Xu M, Hu C, Xu X, Lu Y, Liu C, Xue S, Nie L, Zhang H, Li Z, Zhang Y, Ji F, Hui L, Tao W, Wei B, Wang H. STK4 regulates TLR pathways and protects against chronic inflammation-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4239-54. [PMID: 26457732 DOI: 10.1172/jci81203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently associated with pathogen infection-induced chronic inflammation. Large numbers of innate immune cells are present in HCCs and can influence disease outcome. Here, we demonstrated that the tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (STK4) differentially regulates TLR3/4/9-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages and thereby is protective against chronic inflammation-associated HCC. STK4 dampened TLR4/9-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion but enhanced TLR3/4-triggered IFN-β production via binding to and phosphorylating IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), leading to IRAK1 degradation. Notably, macrophage-specific Stk4 deletion resulted in chronic inflammation, liver fibrosis, and HCC in mice treated with a combination of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and CCl4, along with either LPS or E. coli infection. STK4 expression was markedly reduced in macrophages isolated from human HCC patients and was inversely associated with the levels of IRAK1, IL-6, and phospho-p65 or phospho-STAT3. Moreover, serum STK4 levels were specifically decreased in HCC patients with high levels of IL-6. In STK4-deficient mice, treatment with an IRAK1/4 inhibitor after DEN administration reduced serum IL-6 levels and liver tumor numbers to levels similar to those observed in the control mice. Together, our results suggest that STK4 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for inflammation-induced HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Escherichia coli Infections/complications
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Hepatitis, Animal/chemically induced
- Hepatitis, Animal/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-beta/biosynthesis
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases/physiology
- Interleukin-6/analysis
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Liver Neoplasms/chemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/blood
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/analysis
- Signal Transduction
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
- Transcription Factor RelA/analysis
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The WNT signaling pathway contributes to dectin-1-dependent inhibition of Toll-like receptor-induced inflammatory signature. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4301-14. [PMID: 25246634 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00641-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages regulate cell fate decisions during microbial challenges by carefully titrating signaling events activated by innate receptors such as dectin-1 or Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Here, we demonstrate that dectin-1 activation robustly dampens TLR-induced proinflammatory signature in macrophages. Dectin-1 induced the stabilization of β-catenin via spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals, contributing to the expression of WNT5A. Subsequently, WNT5A-responsive protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIAS-1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1) mediate the downregulation of IRAK-1, IRAK-4, and MyD88, resulting in decreased expression of interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In vivo activation of dectin-1 with pathogenic fungi or ligand resulted in an increased bacterial burden of Mycobacteria, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, or Escherichia, with a concomitant decrease in TLR-triggered proinflammatory cytokines. All together, our study establishes a new role for dectin-1-responsive inhibitory mechanisms employed by virulent fungi to limit the proinflammatory environment of the host.
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Zdravkovic ND, Jovanovic IP, Radosavljevic GD, Arsenijevic AN, Zdravkovic ND, Mitrovic SL, Arsenijevic NN. Potential dual immunomodulatory role of VEGF in ulcerative colitis and colorectal carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:936-47. [PMID: 25076849 PMCID: PMC4113587 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progression from ulcerative colitis (UC) toward colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is multistep process that includes gene alterations of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53 and p16. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of p16, p53 and VEGF in affected tissue and serum levels of cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in patients with UC and CRC, respectively. MATHERIALS AND METHODS. Serum levels of cytokine in patients with UC (n=24) and CRC (n=75) and in a healthy group (n=37) were analyzed by ELISA. Endoscopic biopsies specimens of UC and CRC were studied by immunohistochemical staining for p16, p53 and VEGF. RESULTS Patients with UC with presence of extraintestinal manifestations, complications, and positive staining of p16, p53 and VEGF respectively had higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Higher percentage of CRC patients had positive staining of p16, p53 and VEGF. CRC patients with positive staining of VEGF had decreased systemic values of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and increased values of immunosuppressive IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Relatively low IL-10 in patients with severe UC is insufficient to compensate IL-6 secretion and subsequently enhanced type 1/17 immune response. In UC patients, p16 and p53 induce enhanced VEGF expression and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6. In CRC patients VEGF seems to have immunosuppressive role. It appears that tumor suppressor gene-VEGF axis have dual role on immune response in inflammation of UC and tumor growth and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan P Jovanovic
- 2. Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gordana D Radosavljevic
- 2. Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar N Arsenijevic
- 2. Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa D Zdravkovic
- 3. Department of Medical informatics and statistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Lj Mitrovic
- 4. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa N Arsenijevic
- 2. Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
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Jeong D, Yi YS, Sung GH, Yang WS, Park JG, Yoon K, Yoon DH, Song C, Lee Y, Rhee MH, Kim TW, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms of Artemisia asiatica ethanol extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:487-496. [PMID: 24503036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia asiatica Nakai (Compositae) is a representative herbal plant used to treat infection and inflammatory diseases. Although Artemisia asiatica is reported to have immunopharmacological activities, the mechanisms of these activities and the effectiveness of Artemisia asiatica preparations in use are not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia asiatica ethanol extract (Aa-EE), we assayed nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in macrophages and measured the extent of tissue injury in a model of gastric ulcer induced in mice by treatment with HCl in EtOH. Putative enzymatic mediators of Aa-EE activities were identified by nuclear fractionation, reporter gene assay, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and kinase assay. Active compound in Aa-EE was identified using HPLC. RESULTS Treatment of RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages with Aa-EE suppressed the production of NO, PGE2, and TNF-α in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and induced heme oxygenase-1 expression. The Aa-EE also ameliorated symptoms of gastric ulcer in HCl/EtOH-treated mice. These effects were associated with the inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1, implying that the anti-inflammatory action of the Aa-EE occurred through transcriptional inhibition. The upstream regulatory signals Syk and Src for translocation of NF-κB and TRAF6 for AP-1 were identified as targets of this effect. Analysis of Aa-EE by HPLC revealed the presence of luteolin, known to inhibit NO and PGE2 activity. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory activities attributed to Artemisia asiatica Nakai in traditional medicine may be mediated by luteolin through inhibition of Src/Syk/NF-κB and TRAF6/JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institutes of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Keejung Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyo Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncehon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncehon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Banerjee N, Paul S, Sau TJ, Das JK, Bandyopadhyay A, Banerjee S, Giri AK. Epigenetic Modifications of DAPK and p16 Genes Contribute to Arsenic-Induced Skin Lesions and Nondermatological Health Effects. Toxicol Sci 2013; 135:300-8. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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47
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CDK inhibitors suppress Th17 and promote iTreg differentiation, and ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:378-84. [PMID: 23665028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells, which have been implicated in autoimmune diseases, require IL-6 and TGF-β for early differentiation. Several Smad-independent pathways including the JNK and the RhoA-ROCK pathways have been implicated in the induction of RORγt, the master regulator of Th17, however, molecular mechanisms underlying Smad-independent pathway remain largely unknown. To identify novel pathways involved in Th17 differentiation, we screened 285 chemical inhibitors for known signaling pathways. Among them, we found that Kenpaullone, a GSK3-β and CDK inhibitor, efficiently suppressed TGF-β-mediated RORγt induction and enhanced Foxp3 induction in primary T cells. Another CDK inhibitor, Roscovitine, but not other GSK3-β inhibitors, suppressed Th17 differentiation and enhanced iTreg development. Kenpaullone and Roscovitine suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a typical Th17-mediated autoimmune disease model. These two compounds enhanced STAT5 phosphorylation and restored IL-2 production in the presence of TGF-β. These data suggest that CDK inhibitors modulate TGF-β-signaling pathways, which restore TGF-β-mediated suppression of IL-2 production, thereby modifying the Th17/iTreg balance.
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