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Khorami-Sarvestani S, Hanash SM, Fahrmann JF, León-Letelier RA, Katayama H. Glycosylation in cancer as a source of biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024. [PMID: 39376081 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2409224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycosylation, the process of glycan synthesis and attachment to target molecules, is a crucial and common post-translational modification (PTM) in mammalian cells. It affects the protein's hydrophilicity, charge, solubility, structure, localization, function, and protection from proteolysis. Aberrant glycosylation in proteins can reveal new detection and therapeutic Glyco-biomarkers, which help to improve accurate early diagnosis and personalized treatment. This review underscores the pivotal role of glycans and glycoproteins as a source of biomarkers in human diseases, particularly cancer. AREAS COVERED This review delves into the implications of glycosylation, shedding light on its intricate roles in cancer-related cellular processes influencing biomarkers. It is underpinned by a thorough examination of literature up to June 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar; concentrating on the terms: (Glycosylation[Title/Abstract]) OR (Glycan[Title/Abstract]) OR (glycoproteomics[Title/Abstract]) OR (Proteoglycans[Title/Abstract]) OR (Glycomarkers[Title/Abstract]) AND (Cancer[Title/Abstract]) AND ((Diagno*[Title/Abstract]) OR (Progno*[Title/Abstract])). EXPERT OPINION Glyco-biomarkers enhance early cancer detection, allow early intervention, and improve patient prognoses. However, the abundance and complex dynamic glycan structure may make their scientific and clinical application difficult. This exploration of glycosylation signatures in cancer biomarkers can provide a detailed view of cancer etiology and instill hope in the potential of glycosylation to revolutionize cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khorami-Sarvestani
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo A León-Letelier
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Krištić J, Lauc G. The importance of IgG glycosylation-What did we learn after analyzing over 100,000 individuals. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39364834 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
All four subclasses of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies have glycan structures attached to the protein part of the IgG molecules. Glycans linked to the Fc portion of IgG are found in all IgG antibodies, while about one-fifth of IgG antibodies in plasma also have glycans attached to the Fab portion of IgG. The IgG3 subclass is characterized by more complex glycosylation compared to other IgG subclasses. In this review, we discuss the significant influence that glycans exert on the structural and functional properties of IgG. We provide a comprehensive overview of how the composition of these glycans can affect IgG's effector functions by modulating its interactions with Fcγ receptors and other molecules such as the C1q component of complement, which in turn influence various immune responses triggered by IgG, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In addition, the importance of glycans for the efficacy of therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy is discussed. Moreover, we offer insights into IgG glycosylation characteristics and roles derived from general population, disease-specific, and interventional studies. These studies indicate that IgG glycans are important biomarkers and functional effectors in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Nagy Á, Ulmert D, Zedan W, Storey CM, Park J, Geres S, Lückerath K, Sjöström K, Westin H, Peekhaus N, Thorek DL, Karlström AE, Altai M. Impact of site-specific conjugation strategies on the pharmacokinetics of antibody conjugated radiotherapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 280:116927. [PMID: 39378827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody radionuclide conjugates are an emerging modality for targeted imaging and potent therapy of disseminated disease. Coupling of radionuclides to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is typically achieved by applying non-site-specific labelling techniques. With the ambition of reducing variability, increasing labelling efficacy and stability, several site-specific conjugation strategies have been developed in recent years for toxin- and fluorophore-mAb conjugates. In this study, we studied two site-specific labelling strategies for the conjugation of the macrocyclic chelating agent, DOTA, to the anti-Leucine Rich Repeat Containing 15 (LRRC15) mAb DUNP19. Specifically, one approach utilized a DOTA-bearing peptide (FcIII) with a strong affinity for the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of the human IgG1 of DUNP19 (DUNP19LF-FcIII-DOTASS), while the other leveraged a chemo-enzymatic technique to substitute the N-linked bi-antennary oligosaccharides in the human IgG1 Fc domain with DOTA (DUNP19LF-gly-DOTASS). To assess if these methods impact the antibody's binding properties and targeting efficacy, comparative in vitro and in vivo studies of the generated DUNP19-conjugates were performed. While the LRRC15 binding of both radioimmunoconjugates remained intact, the conjugation methods had different impacts on their abilities to interact with FcRn and FcγRs. In vitro assessments of DUNP19LF-FcIII-DOTASS and DUNP19LF-gly-DOTASS demonstrated markedly decreased affinity for FcRn and FcγRIIIa (CD16), respectively. DUNP19LF-FcIII-DOTASS demonstrated increased blood and tissue kinetics in vivo, confirming loss of FcRn binding. While the ablated FcγR interaction of DUNP19LF-gly-DOTASS had no immediate impact on in vivo biodistribution, reduced immunotherapeutic effect can be expected in future studies as a result of reduced NK-cells interaction. In conclusion, our findings underscore the necessity for meticulous consideration and evaluation of mAb labelling strategies, extending beyond mere conjugation efficiency and radiolabeling yields. Notably, site-specific labelling methods were found to significantly influence the immunological impact of Fc interactions. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to consider the intended diagnostic or therapeutic application of the construct and to adopt conjugation strategies that ensure the preservation of critical pharmacological properties and functionality of the antibody in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ábel Nagy
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Ulmert
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wahed Zedan
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claire M Storey
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie Park
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Geres
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katharina Lückerath
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, DKTK, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Peekhaus
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lj Thorek
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Oncologic Imaging Program, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Altai
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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4
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Hematianlarki M, Nimmerjahn F. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of immunoglobulin G antibodies. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39340138 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies provide an essential layer of protection from infection and reinfection with microbial pathogens. An impaired ability to produce antibodies results in immunodeficiency and necessitates the constant substitution with pooled serum antibodies from healthy donors. Among the five antibody isotypes in humans and mice, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are the most potent anti-microbial antibody isotype due to their long half-life, their ability to penetrate almost all tissues and due to their ability to trigger a wide variety of effector functions. Of note, individuals suffering from IgG deficiency frequently produce self-reactive antibodies, suggesting that a normal serum IgG level also may contribute to maintaining self-tolerance. Indeed, the substitution of immunodeficient patients with pooled serum IgG fractions from healthy donors, also referred to as intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) therapy, not only protects the patient from infection but also diminishes autoantibody induced pathology, providing more direct evidence that IgG antibodies play an active role in maintaining tolerance during the steady state and during resolution of inflammation. The aim of this review is to discuss different conceptual models that may explain how serum IgG or IVIg can contribute to maintaining a balanced immune response. We will focus on pathways depending on the IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) as pre-clinical data in various mouse model systems as well as human clinical data have demonstrated that the IgG Fc-domain recapitulates the ability of intact IVIg with respect to its ability to trigger resolution of inflammation. We will further discuss how the findings already have or are in the process of being translated to novel therapeutic approaches to substitute IVIg in treating autoimmune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Hematianlarki
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Edgar JE, Bournazos S. Fc-FcγR interactions during infections: From neutralizing antibodies to antibody-dependent enhancement. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39268652 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Advances in antibody technologies have resulted in the development of potent antibody-based therapeutics with proven clinical efficacy against infectious diseases. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), mainly against viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, Ebola virus, influenza virus, and hepatitis B virus, are currently undergoing clinical testing or are already in use. Although these mAbs exhibit potent neutralizing activity that effectively blocks host cell infection, their antiviral activity results not only from Fab-mediated virus neutralization, but also from the protective effector functions mediated through the interaction of their Fc domains with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on effector leukocytes. Fc-FcγR interactions confer pleiotropic protective activities, including the clearance of opsonized virions and infected cells, as well as the induction of antiviral T-cell responses. However, excessive or inappropriate activation of specific FcγR pathways can lead to disease enhancement and exacerbated pathology, as seen in the context of dengue virus infections. A comprehensive understanding of the diversity of Fc effector functions during infection has guided the development of engineered antiviral antibodies optimized for maximal effector activity, as well as the design of targeted therapeutic approaches to prevent antibody-dependent enhancement of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Edgar
- The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stylianos Bournazos
- The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Gan SY, Tye GJ, Chew AL, Lai NS. Current development of Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) in diagnostics: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:937. [PMID: 39190190 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The ability of the immune system to fight against pathogens relies on the intricate collaboration between antibodies and Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs). These receptors are a group of transmembrane glycoprotein molecules, which can specifically detect and bind to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules. They are distributed on a diverse array of immune cells, forming a strong defence system to eliminate invading threats. FcγRs have gained increasing attention as potential biomarkers for various diseases in recent years due to their ability to reflect immune dysregulation and disease pathogenesis. Increasing lines of evidence have shed new light on the remarkable association of FcγRs polymorphisms with the susceptibility of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis. Several studies have also reported the application of FcγR as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of infection and cancer. Due to the surge in interest and concern regarding the potential of FcγRs as promising diagnostic biomarkers, this review, thereby, serves to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics, functional roles, and expression patterns of FcγRs, with a particular focus on their evolving role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yi Gan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Gelugor, Penang, 11700, Malaysia
| | - Ai Lan Chew
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ngit Shin Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Shin OS, Monticelli SR, Hjorth CK, Hornet V, Doyle M, Abelson D, Kuehne AI, Wang A, Bakken RR, Mishra AK, Middlecamp M, Champney E, Stuart L, Maurer DP, Li J, Berrigan J, Barajas J, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Zeitlin L, Walker LM, Dye JM, Chandran K, Herbert AS, Pauli NT, McLellan JS. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever survivors elicit protective non-neutralizing antibodies that target 11 overlapping regions on glycoprotein GP38. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114502. [PMID: 39002130 PMCID: PMC11346345 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can cause lethal disease in humans yet there are no approved medical countermeasures. Viral glycoprotein GP38, exclusive to Nairoviridae, is a target of protective antibodies and is a key antigen in preclinical vaccine candidates. Here, we isolate 188 GP38-specific antibodies from human survivors of infection. Competition experiments show that these antibodies bind across 5 distinct antigenic sites, encompassing 11 overlapping regions. Additionally, we show structures of GP38 bound with 9 of these antibodies targeting different antigenic sites. Although these GP38-specific antibodies are non-neutralizing, several display protective efficacy equal to or better than murine antibody 13G8 in two highly stringent rodent models of infection. Together, these data expand our understanding regarding this important viral protein and may inform the development of broadly effective CCHFV antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie R Monticelli
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - Christy K Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Dafna Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Akaash K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Lauran Stuart
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Waterman HR, Dufort MJ, Posso SE, Ni M, Li LZ, Zhu C, Raj P, Smith KD, Buckner JH, Hamerman JA. Lupus IgA1 autoantibodies synergize with IgG to enhance plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses to RNA-containing immune complexes. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadl3848. [PMID: 38959329 PMCID: PMC11418372 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adl3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens are hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) where they contribute to pathogenesis. However, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how different isotypes of autoantibodies contribute to this autoimmune disease, including the production of the critical type I interferon (IFN) cytokines by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in response to immune complexes (ICs). We focused on IgA, which is the second-most prevalent isotype in serum and, along with IgG, is deposited in glomeruli in individuals with lupus nephritis. We show that individuals with SLE have serum IgA autoantibodies against most nuclear antigens, correlating with IgG against the same antigen. We investigated whether IgA autoantibodies against a major SLE autoantigen, Smith ribonucleoprotein (Sm/RNP), played a role in IC activation of pDCs. We found that pDCs expressed the IgA-specific Fc receptor, FcαR, and IgA1 autoantibodies synergized with IgG in RNA-containing ICs to generate robust primary blood pDC IFN-α responses in vitro. pDC responses to these ICs required both FcαR and FcγRIIa, showing synergy between these Fc receptors. Sm/RNP IC binding to and internalization by pDCs were greater when ICs contained both IgA1 and IgG. Circulating pDCs from individuals with SLE had higher binding of IgA1-containing ICs and higher expression of FcαR than pDCs from healthy control individuals. Although pDC FcαR expression correlated with the blood IFN-stimulated gene signature in SLE, Toll-like receptor 7 agonists, but not IFN-α, up-regulated pDC FcαR expression in vitro. Together, we show a mechanism by which IgA1 autoantibodies contribute to SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R. Waterman
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Washington; Seattle, 98195, USA
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Matthew J. Dufort
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Sylvia E. Posso
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 98101, USA
| | - Minjian Ni
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Lucy Z. Li
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Washington; Seattle, 98195, USA
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - Kelly D. Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 98101, USA
| | - Jessica A. Hamerman
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Washington; Seattle, 98195, USA
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, 98101, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington; Seattle, 98195, USA
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9
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Byrne AB, Bonnin FA, López EL, Polack FP, Talarico LB. C1q modulation of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection in human myeloid cell lines is dependent on cell type and antibody specificity. Microbes Infect 2024:105378. [PMID: 38880233 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the mechanisms contributing to increased severity during heterotypic, secondary infection. The complement protein C1q has been shown to reduce the magnitude of ADE in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms of C1q modulation of ADE, focusing on processes of viral entry. Using a model of ADE of DENV-1 infection in human myeloid cell lines in the presence of monoclonal antibodies, 4G2 and 2H2, we found that C1q produced nearly a 40-fold reduction of ADE of DENV-1 in K562 cells, but had no effect in U937 cells. In K562 cells, C1q reduced adsorption of DENV-1/4G2 and exerted a dual inhibitory effect on adsorption and internalization of DENV-1/2H2. Distinct endocytic pathways in the presence of antibody corresponded to conditions where C1q produced a differential action. Also, C1q did not affect the intrinsic cell response mediated by FcγR in human myeloid cells. The modulation of ADE of DENV-1 by C1q is dependent on the FcγR expressed on immune cells and the specificity of the antibody comprising the immune complex. Understanding protective and pathogenic mechanisms in the humoral response to DENV infections is crucial for the successful design of antivirals and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana B Byrne
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Fundación INFANT, Gavilán 94, Buenos Aires 1406, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
| | - Florencia A Bonnin
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Eduardo L López
- Departamento de Medicina, Programa de Infectología Pediátrica, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | | | - Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Fundación INFANT, Gavilán 94, Buenos Aires 1406, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
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10
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Darbandi A, Abdi M, Dashtbin S, Yaghoubi S, Sholeh M, Kouhsari E, Darbandi T, Ghanavati R, Taheri B. Antibody-Antibiotic Conjugates: A Comprehensive Review on Their Therapeutic Potentials Against BacterialInfections. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25071. [PMID: 38867639 PMCID: PMC11211676 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibodies are significant agents in the immune system and have proven to be effective in treating bacterial infections. With the advancement of antibody engineering in recent decades, antibody therapy has evolved widely. AIM This review aimed to investigate a new method as a therapeutic platform for the treatment of bacterial infections and explore the novel features of this method in conferring pathogen specificity to broad-spectrum antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics about antibody-antibiotic conjugates (AACs): (1) structure and mechanism of action; (2) clinical effectiveness; (3) advantages and disadvantages. RESULT Antibody conjugates are designed to build upon the progress made in the development of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of diseases. Despite the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria worldwide, novel antimicrobials have not been sufficiently expanded to combat the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. A recently developed strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases is the use of AACs, which are specifically activated only in host cells. CONCLUSION A novel therapeutic AAC employs an antibody to deliver the antibiotic to the bacteria. The AACs can release potent antibacterial components that unconjugated forms may not exhibit with an appropriate therapeutic index. This review highlights how this science has guided the design principles of an impressive AAC and discusses how the AAC model promises to enhance the antibiotic effect against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Molecular Microbiology Research CenterShahed UniversityTehranIran
| | - Milad Abdi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious DiseasesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sajad Yaghoubi
- Basic Sciences DepartmentNeyshabur University of Medical SciencesNeyshaburIran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of BacteriologyPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Talieh Darbandi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences BranchIslamic Azad University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Behrouz Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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11
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Lučiūnaitė A, Mašalaitė K, Plikusiene I, Maciulis V, Juciute S, Norkienė M, Žvirblienė A. Structural properties of immune complexes formed by viral antigens and specific antibodies shape the inflammatory response of macrophages. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:53. [PMID: 38664730 PMCID: PMC11046781 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Data on the course of viral infections revealed severe inflammation as a consequence of antiviral immune response. Despite extensive research, there are insufficient data on the role of innate immune cells in promoting inflammation mediated by immune complexes (IC) of viral antigens and their specific antibodies. Recently, we demonstrated that antigens of human polyomaviruses (PyVs) induce an inflammatory response in macrophages. Here, we investigated macrophage activation by IC. We used primary murine macrophages as a cell model, virus-like particles (VLPs) of PyV capsid protein as antigens, and a collection of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b subclasses. The inflammatory response was investigated by analysing inflammatory chemokines and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. We observed a diverse pattern of chemokine secretion in macrophages treated with different IC compared to VLPs alone. To link IC properties with cell activation status, we characterised the IC by advanced optical and acoustic techniques. Ellipsometry provided precise real-time kinetics of mAb-antigen interactions, while quartz crystal microbalance measurements showed changes in conformation and viscoelastic properties during IC formation. These results revealed differences in mAb-antigen interaction and mAb binding parameters of the investigated IC. We found that IC-mediated cell activation depends more on IC characteristics, including mAb affinity, than on mAb affinity for the activating Fc receptor. IC formed by the highest affinity mAb showed a significant enhancement of inflammasome activation. This may explain the hyperinflammation related to viral infection and vaccination. Our findings demonstrate that IC promote the viral antigen-induced inflammatory response depending on antibody properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Lučiūnaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Kristina Mašalaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vincentas Maciulis
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Silvija Juciute
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Norkienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Žvirblienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Waterman HR, Dufort MJ, Posso SE, Ni M, Li LZ, Zhu C, Raj P, Smith KD, Buckner JH, Hamerman JA. Lupus IgA1 autoantibodies synergize with IgG to enhance pDC responses to RNA-containing immune complexes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.07.556743. [PMID: 37745328 PMCID: PMC10515763 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.07.556743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens are hallmarks of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) where they contribute to pathogenesis. However, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how different isotypes of autoantibodies contribute to disease, including the production of the critical type I interferon (IFN) cytokines by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in response to immune complexes (ICs). We focused on IgA, which is the second most prevalent isotype in serum, and along with IgG is deposited in glomeruli in lupus nephritis. Here, we show that individuals with SLE have IgA autoantibodies against most nuclear antigens, correlating with IgG against the same antigen. We investigated whether IgA autoantibodies against a major SLE autoantigen, Smith ribonucleoproteins (Sm/RNPs), play a role in IC activation of pDCs. We found that pDCs express the IgA-specific Fc receptor, FcαR, and there was a striking ability of IgA1 autoantibodies to synergize with IgG in RNA-containing ICs to generate robust pDC IFNα responses. pDC responses to these ICs required both FcαR and FcγRIIa, showing a potent synergy between these Fc receptors. Sm/RNP IC binding to and internalization by pDCs were greater when ICs contained both IgA1 and IgG. pDCs from individuals with SLE had higher binding of IgA1-containing ICs and higher expression of FcαR than pDCs from healthy control individuals. Whereas pDC FcαR expression correlated with blood ISG signature in SLE, TLR7 agonists, but not IFNα, upregulated pDC FcαR expression in vitro. Together, we show a new mechanism by which IgA1 autoantibodies contribute to SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R. Waterman
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Washington; Seattle, USA
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Matthew J. Dufort
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Sylvia E. Posso
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute
| | - Minjian Ni
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Lucy Z. Li
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Washington; Seattle, USA
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, USA
| | - Kelly D. Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington; Seattle, USA
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute
| | - Jessica A. Hamerman
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Washington; Seattle, USA
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington; Seattle, USA
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13
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Shin OS, Monticelli SR, Hjorth CK, Hornet V, Doyle M, Abelson D, Kuehne AI, Wang A, Bakken RR, Mishra A, Middlecamp M, Champney E, Stuart L, Maurer DP, Li J, Berrigan J, Barajas J, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Zeitlin L, Walker LM, Dye JM, Chandran K, Herbert AS, Pauli NT, McLellan JS. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Survivors Elicit Protective Non-Neutralizing Antibodies that Target 11 Overlapping Regions on Viral Glycoprotein GP38. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.02.583110. [PMID: 38496658 PMCID: PMC10942344 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.583110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can cause lethal disease in humans yet there are no approved medical countermeasures. Viral glycoprotein GP38, unique to Nairoviridae, is a target of protective antibodies, but extensive mapping of the human antibody response to GP38 has not been previously performed. Here, we isolated 188 GP38-specific antibodies from human survivors of infection. Competition experiments showed that these antibodies bind across five distinct antigenic sites, encompassing eleven overlapping regions. Additionally, we reveal structures of GP38 bound with nine of these antibodies targeting different antigenic sites. Although GP38-specific antibodies were non-neutralizing, several antibodies were found to have protection equal to or better than murine antibody 13G8 in two highly stringent rodent models of infection. Together, these data expand our understanding regarding this important viral protein and inform the development of broadly effective CCHFV antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - Christy K. Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Dafna Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Akaash Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Lauran Stuart
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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14
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Bauer-Smith H, Sudol ASL, Beers SA, Crispin M. Serum immunoglobulin and the threshold of Fc receptor-mediated immune activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130448. [PMID: 37652365 PMCID: PMC11032748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies can mediate immune recruitment or clearance of immune complexes through the interaction of their Fc domain with cellular Fc receptors. Clustering of antibodies is a key step in generating sufficient avidity for efficacious receptor recognition. However, Fc receptors may be saturated with prevailing, endogenous serum immunoglobulin and this raises the threshold by which cellular receptors can be productively engaged. Here, we review the factors controlling serum IgG levels in both healthy and disease states, and discuss how the presence of endogenous IgG is encoded into the functional activation thresholds for low- and high-affinity Fc receptors. We discuss the circumstances where antibody engineering can help overcome these physiological limitations of therapeutic antibodies. Finally, we discuss how the pharmacological control of Fc receptor saturation by endogenous IgG is emerging as a feasible mechanism for the enhancement of antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Bauer-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Abigail S L Sudol
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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15
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St. Germain R, Bossard EL, Corey L, Sholukh AM. Serum concentration of antigen-specific IgG can substantially bias interpretation of antibody-dependent phagocytosis assay readout. iScience 2023; 26:107527. [PMID: 37664583 PMCID: PMC10469534 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Because virus neutralization cannot solely explain vaccine-induced, antibody-mediated protection, antibody effector functions are being considered as a potential correlate of protection (CoP). However, measuring effector functions at a fixed serum dilution for high throughput purposes makes it difficult to distinguish between the effect of serum antibody concentration and antibody properties such as epitopes, subclass, and glycosylation. To address this issue, we evaluated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) assay against SARS-CoV-2 spike. Adjustment of serum samples to the same concentration of antigen-specific IgG prior to the ADCP assay revealed concentration-independent differences in ADCP after mRNA vaccination in subjects with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection not detectable in assay performed with fixed serum dilution. Phagocytosis measured at different concentrations of spike-specific IgG strongly correlated with the area under the curve (AUC) indicating that ADCP assay can be performed at a standardized antibody concentration for the high throughput necessary for vaccine trial analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell St. Germain
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Emily L. Bossard
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anton M. Sholukh
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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16
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Beneduce C, Nguyen S, Washburn N, Schaeck J, Meccariello R, Holte K, Ortiz D, Manning AM, Bosques CJ, Kurtagic E. Inhibitory Fc-Gamma IIb Receptor Signaling Induced by Multivalent IgG-Fc Is Dependent on Sialylation. Cells 2023; 12:2130. [PMID: 37681862 PMCID: PMC10486564 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IgG) Fc glycosylation has been shown to be important for the biological activity of antibodies. Fc sialylation is important for the anti-inflammatory activity of IgGs. However, evaluating the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of antibody Fc glycosylation has been hindered using simplified in vitro models in which antibodies are often displayed in monomeric forms. Presenting antibodies in monomeric forms may not accurately replicate the natural environment of the antibodies when binding their antigen in vivo. To address these limitations, we used different Fc-containing molecules, displaying their Fc domains in monovalent and multivalent fashion. Given the inhibitory role of Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, we focused on evaluating the impact of Fc sialylation on the activation of FcγRIIb. We report for the first time that in human cellular systems, sialic acid mediates the induction of FcγRIIb phosphorylation by IgG-Fc when the IgG-Fc is displayed in a multivalent fashion. This effect was observed with different types of therapeutic agents such as sialylated anti-TNFα antibodies, sialylated IVIg and sialylated recombinant multivalent Fc products. These studies represent the first report of the specific effects of Fc sialylation on FcγRIIb signaling on human immune cells and may help in the characterization of the anti-inflammatory activity of Fc-containing therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Beneduce
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Janssen Research & Development, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel Washburn
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Janssen Research & Development, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John Schaeck
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robin Meccariello
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Janssen Research & Development, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ortiz
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Elma Kurtagic
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Janssen Research & Development, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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17
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Nimmerjahn F, Vidarsson G, Cragg MS. Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1244-1255. [PMID: 37414906 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are characterized by complex mixtures of polyclonal antibody species varying in their isotype, target epitope specificity and affinity. Posttranslational modifications occurring during antibody production in both the antibody variable and constant domain create further complexity and can modulate antigen specificity and antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, respectively. Finally, modifications of the antibody backbone after secretion may further impact antibody activity. An in-depth understanding of how these posttranslational modifications impact antibody function, especially in the context of individual antibody isotypes and subclasses, is only starting to emerge. Indeed, only a minute proportion of this natural variability in the humoral immune response is currently reflected in therapeutic antibody preparations. In this Review, we summarize recent insights into how IgG subclass and posttranslational modifications impact IgG activity and discuss how these insights may be used to optimize therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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18
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Tan ZC, Lux A, Biburger M, Varghese P, Lees S, Nimmerjahn F, Meyer AS. Mixed IgG Fc immune complexes exhibit blended binding profiles and refine FcR affinity estimates. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112734. [PMID: 37421619 PMCID: PMC10404157 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies coordinate immune effector responses by interacting with effector cells via fragment crystallizable γ (Fcγ) receptors. The IgG Fc domain directs effector responses through subclass and glycosylation variation. Although each Fc variant has been extensively characterized in isolation, during immune responses, IgG is almost always produced in Fc mixtures. How this influences effector responses has not been examined. Here, we measure Fcγ receptor binding to mixed Fc immune complexes. Binding of these mixtures falls along a continuum between pure cases and quantitatively matches a mechanistic model, except for several low-affinity interactions mostly involving IgG2. We find that the binding model provides refined estimates of their affinities. Finally, we demonstrate that the model predicts effector cell-elicited platelet depletion in humanized mice. Contrary to previous views, IgG2 exhibits appreciable binding through avidity, though it is insufficient to induce effector responses. Overall, this work demonstrates a quantitative framework for modeling mixed IgG Fc-effector cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cyrillus Tan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anja Lux
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Biburger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Prabha Varghese
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Lees
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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19
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Sécher T, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Barriers for orally inhaled therapeutic antibodies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1071-1084. [PMID: 37609943 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2249821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory diseases represent a worldwide health issue. The recent Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, the burden of lung cancer, and inflammatory respiratory diseases urged the development of innovative therapeutic solutions. In this context, therapeutic antibodies (Abs) offer a tremendous opportunity to benefit patients with respiratory diseases. Delivering Ab through the airways has been demonstrated to be relevant to improve their therapeutic index. However, few inhaled Abs are on the market. AREAS COVERED This review describes the different barriers that may alter the fate of inhaled therapeutic Abs in the lungs at steady state. It addresses both physical and biological barriers and discusses the importance of taking into consideration the pathological changes occurring during respiratory disease, which may reinforce these barriers. EXPERT OPINION The pulmonary route remains rare for delivering therapeutic Abs, with few approved inhaled molecules, despite promising evidence. Efforts must focus on the intertwined barriers associated with lung diseases to develop appropriate Ab-formulation-device combo, ensuring optimal Ab deposition in the respiratory tract. Finally, randomized controlled clinical trials should be carried out to establish inhaled Ab therapy as prominent against respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sécher
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
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20
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Zhou Y, Jiang S. Roles of FcRn in Antigen-Presenting Cells during Autoimmunity and a Clinical Evaluation of Efgartigimod as an FcRn Blocker. Pathogens 2023; 12:817. [PMID: 37375507 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a complex network of multiple cells, tissues, and organs that protects the body against foreign pathogenic invaders. However, the immune system may mistakenly attack healthy cells and tissues due to the cross-reactivity of anti-pathogen immunity, leading to autoimmunity by autoreactive T cells and/or autoantibody-secreting B cells. Autoantibodies can accumulate, resulting in tissue or organ damage. The neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor (FcRn) is an important factor in immune regulation through controlling the trafficking and recycling of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules, the most abundant antibody in humoral immunity. In addition to its role in IgG trafficking and recycling, FcRn is also involved in antigen presentation, which is a crucial step in the activation of the adaptive immune response via directing the internalization and trafficking of antigen-bound IgG immune complexes into compartments of degradation and presentation in antigen-presenting cells. Efgartigimod, an FcRn inhibitor, has shown promise in reducing the levels of autoantibodies and alleviating the autoimmune severity of myasthenia gravis, primary immune thrombocytopenia, and pemphigus vulgaris/foliaceus. This article aims to provide an overview of the importance of FcRn in antigen-presenting cells and its potential as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases, using efgartigimod as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shisong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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21
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Djukić T, Drvenica I, Kovačić M, Minić R, Vučetić D, Majerič D, Šefik-Bukilica M, Savić O, Bugarski B, Ilić V. Dynamic light scattering analysis of immune complexes in sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Anal Biochem 2023:115194. [PMID: 37279816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The size of circulating immune complexes (CICs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could be an emerging criterion in disease diagnosis. This study analyzed size and electrokinetic potential of CICs from RA patients, healthy young adults, and RA patients age-matched controls aiming to establish their unique CIC features. Pooled CIC of 30 RA patients, 30 young adults, and 30 RA group's age-matched controls (middle-aged and oldеr healthy adults), and in vitro IgG aggregates from pooled sera of 300 healthy volunteers were tested using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Size distribution of CIC in healthy young adults exhibited high polydispersity. RA CIC patients and their age-matched control showed distinctly narrower size distributions compared with young adults. In these groups, particles clustered around two well-defined peaks. Particles of peak 1 were 36.1 ± 6.8 nm in RA age-matched control, and 30.8 ± 4.2 nm in RA patients. Particles of peak 2 of the RA age-matched control's CIC was 251.7 ± 41.2 nm, while RA CIC contained larger particles (359.9 ± 50.5 nm). The lower zeta potential of RA CIC, compared to control, indicated a disease-related decrease in colloidal stability. DLS identified RA-specific, but also age-specific distribution of CIC size and opened possibility of becoming a method for CIC size analysis in IC-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Djukić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ltd, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Drvenica
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marijana Kovačić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rajna Minić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Vučetić
- Institute for Transfusiology and Haemobiology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Majerič
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Šefik-Bukilica
- Institute for Rheumatology, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Savić
- Blood Transfusion Institute of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Bugarski
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Ilić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Spiegel F, Trollmann MFW, Kara S, Pöhnl M, Brandner AF, Nimmerjahn F, Lux A, Böckmann RA. Role of lipid nanodomains for inhibitory FcγRIIb function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540011. [PMID: 37214871 PMCID: PMC10197649 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory Fcγ receptor FcγRIIb is involved in immune regulation and is known to localize to specific regions of the plasma membrane called lipid rafts. Previous studies suggested a link between the altered lateral receptor localization within the plasma membrane and the functional impairment of the FcγRIIb-I232T variant that is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we conducted microsecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and IgG binding assays to investigate the lipid nano-environment of FcγRIIb monomers and of the FcγRIIb-I232T mutant within a plasma membrane model, the orientation of the FcγRIIb ectodomain, and its accessibility to IgG ligands. In contrast to previously proposed models, our simulations indicated that FcγRIIb does not favor a cholesterol- or a sphingolipid-enriched lipid environment. Interestingly, cholesterol was depleted for all studied FcγRIIb variants within a 2-3 nm environment of the receptor, counteracting the usage of raft terminology for models on receptor functionality. Instead, the receptor interacts with lipids that have poly-unsaturated fatty acyl chains and with (poly-) anionic lipids within the cytosolic membrane leaflet. We also found that FcγRIIb monomers adopt a conformation that is not suitable for binding to its IgG ligand, consistent with a lack of detectable binding of monomeric IgG in experiments on primary immune cells. However, our results propose that multivalent IgG complexes might stabilize FcγRIIb in a binding-competent conformation. We suggest differences in receptor complex formation within the membrane as a plausible cause of the altered membrane localization or clustering and the altered suppressive function of the FcγRIIb-I232T variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Spiegel
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Marius F W Trollmann
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Erlangen National High-Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU)
| | - Sibel Kara
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Matthias Pöhnl
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Astrid F Brandner
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Current address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Rainer A Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Erlangen National High-Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU)
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23
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Reinert T, Gahoual R, Mignet N, Kulus A, Allez M, Houzé P, François YN. Simultaneous quantification and structural characterization of monoclonal antibodies after administration using capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115446. [PMID: 37209497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are demonstrating major success in various therapeutic areas such as oncology and the treatment of immune disorders. Over the past two decades, novel analytical methodologies allowed to address the challenges of mAbs characterization in the context of their production. However, after administration only their quantification is performed and insights regarding their structural evolution remain limited. For instance, clinical practice has recently highlighted significant inter-patient differences in mAb clearance and unexpected clinical responses, without providing alternative interpretations. Here, we report the development of a novel analytical strategy based on capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) for the simultaneous absolute quantification and structural characterization of infliximab (IFX) in human serum. CE-MS/MS quantification was validated over the range 0.4-25 µg·mL-1 corresponding to the IFX therapeutic window and achieved a LOQ of 0.22 µg·mL-1 (1.5 nM) while demonstrating outstanding specificity compared to the ELISA assay. CE-MS/MS allowed structural characterization and estimation of the relative abundance of the six major N-glycosylations expressed by IFX. In addition, the results allowed characterization and determination of the level of modification of post-translational modifications (PTMs) hotspots including deamidation of 4 asparagine and isomerization of 2 aspartate. Concerning N-glycosylation and PTMs, a new normalization strategy was developed to measure the variation of modification levels that occur strictly during the residence time of IFX in the patient's system, overcoming artefactual modifications induced by sample treatment and/or storage. The CE-MS/MS methodology was applied to the analysis of samples from patients with Crohn's disease. The data identified a gradual deamidation of a particular asparagine residue located in the complementary determining region that correlated with IFX residence time, while the evolution of IFX concentration showed significant variability among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Reinert
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France; Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Kulus
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Inserm, U1160 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
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24
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Diamos AG, Pardhe MD, Bergeman MH, Kamzina AS, DiPalma MP, Aman S, Chaves A, Lowe K, Kilbourne J, Hogue IB, Mason HS. A self-binding immune complex vaccine elicits strong neutralizing responses against herpes simplex virus in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085911. [PMID: 37205110 PMCID: PMC10186352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been known for over half a century that mixing an antigen with its cognate antibody in an immune complex (IC) can enhance antigen immunogenicity. However, many ICs produce inconsistent immune responses, and the use of ICs in the development new vaccines has been limited despite the otherwise widespread success of antibody-based therapeutics. To address this problem, we designed a self-binding recombinant immune complex (RIC) vaccine which mimics the larger ICs generated during natural infection. Materials and methods In this study, we created two novel vaccine candidates: 1) a traditional IC targeting herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) by mixing glycoprotein D (gD) with a neutralizing antibody (gD-IC); and 2) an RIC consisting of gD fused to an immunoglobulin heavy chain and then tagged with its own binding site, allowing self-binding (gD-RIC). We characterized the complex size and immune receptor binding characteristics in vitro for each preparation. Then, the in vivo immunogenicity and virus neutralization of each vaccine were compared in mice. Results gD-RIC formed larger complexes which enhanced C1q receptor binding 25-fold compared to gD-IC. After immunization of mice, gD-RIC elicited up to 1,000-fold higher gD-specific antibody titers compared to traditional IC, reaching endpoint titers of 1:500,000 after two doses without adjuvant. The RIC construct also elicited stronger virus-specific neutralization against HSV-2, as well as stronger cross-neutralization against HSV-1, although the proportion of neutralizing antibodies to total antibodies was somewhat reduced in the RIC group. Discussion This work demonstrates that the RIC system overcomes many of the pitfalls of traditional IC, providing potent immune responses against HSV-2 gD. Based on these findings, further improvements to the RIC system are discussed. RIC have now been shown to be capable of inducing potent immune responses to a variety of viral antigens, underscoring their broad potential as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Diamos
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian B. Hogue
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Hugh S. Mason
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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25
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Kolb P, Giese S, Voll RE, Hengel H, Falcone V. Immune complexes as culprits of immunopathology in severe COVID-19. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:185-191. [PMID: 35871171 PMCID: PMC9308473 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the pandemic human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 elicits a respiratory tract disease, termed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While a variable degree of disease-associated symptoms may emerge, severe COVID-19 is commonly associated with respiratory complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the necessity for mechanical ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Amongst others, disease outcome depends on age and pre-existing conditions like cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders but also age and biological sex. Intriguingly, increasing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that an exacerbated inflammatory response and in particular IgG immune complexes (ICs), significantly contribute to severe and prolonged COVID-19 disease progression. Vast amounts of deposited, unresolved ICs in tissue are capable to initiate an exaggerated Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) mediated signalling cascade which eventually results in common IC-associated organ diseases such as vasculitis, glomerulonephritis and arthritis, comorbidities that have been frequently reported for COVID-19. Moreover and independent of deposited ICs, very recent work identified soluble ICs (sIC) to be also present in the circulation of a majority of severely ill patients, where their systemic abundance correlated with disease severity. Thus, detection of circulating sICs in patients represents a potential marker for critical COVID-19 disease progression. Their detection early after clinical deterioration might become an indicator for the requirement of prompt anti-inflammatory treatment. Here, we review the role of ICs in COVID-19 progression, their possible origins and potential intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Edmund Voll
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Seeling M, Pöhnl M, Kara S, Horstmann N, Riemer C, Wöhner M, Liang C, Brückner C, Eiring P, Werner A, Biburger M, Altmann L, Schneider M, Amon L, Lehmann CHK, Lee S, Kunz M, Dudziak D, Schett G, Bäuerle T, Lux A, Tuckermann J, Vögtle T, Nieswandt B, Sauer M, Böckmann RA, Nimmerjahn F. Immunoglobulin G-dependent inhibition of inflammatory bone remodeling requires pattern recognition receptor Dectin-1. Immunity 2023; 56:1046-1063.e7. [PMID: 36948194 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are major drivers of inflammation during infectious and autoimmune diseases. In pooled serum IgG (IVIg), however, antibodies have a potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity, but how this is mediated is unclear. We studied IgG-dependent initiation of resolution of inflammation in cytokine- and autoantibody-driven models of rheumatoid arthritis and found IVIg sialylation inhibited joint inflammation, whereas inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was sialic acid independent. Instead, IVIg-dependent inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was abrogated in mice lacking receptors Dectin-1 or FcγRIIb. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and super-resolution microscopy revealed that Dectin-1 promoted FcγRIIb membrane conformations that allowed productive IgG binding and enhanced interactions with mouse and human IgG subclasses. IVIg reprogrammed monocytes via FcγRIIb-dependent signaling that required Dectin-1. Our data identify a pathogen-independent function of Dectin-1 as a co-inhibitory checkpoint for IgG-dependent inhibition of mouse and human osteoclastogenesis. These findings may have implications for therapeutic targeting of autoantibody and cytokine-driven inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Seeling
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Pöhnl
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sibel Kara
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Horstmann
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolina Riemer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miriam Wöhner
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Division of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christin Brückner
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Eiring
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anja Werner
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Biburger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leon Altmann
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Division of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhardt Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer A Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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27
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Fehmi J, Davies AJ, Antonelou M, Keddie S, Pikkupeura S, Querol L, Delmont E, Cortese A, Franciotta D, Persson S, Barratt J, Pepper R, Farinha F, Rahman A, Canetti D, Gilbertson JA, Rendell NB, Radunovic A, Minton T, Fuller G, Murphy SM, Carr AS, Reilly MR, Eftimov F, Wieske L, Teunissen CE, Roberts ISD, Ashman N, Salama AD, Rinaldi S. Contactin-1 links autoimmune neuropathy and membranous glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281156. [PMID: 36893151 PMCID: PMC9997925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, mediated by glomerular antibody deposition to an increasing number of newly recognised antigens. Previous case reports have suggested an association between patients with anti-contactin-1 (CNTN1)-mediated neuropathies and MGN. In an observational study we investigated the pathobiology and extent of this potential cause of MGN by examining the association of antibodies against CNTN1 with the clinical features of a cohort of 468 patients with suspected immune-mediated neuropathies, 295 with idiopathic MGN, and 256 controls. Neuronal and glomerular binding of patient IgG, serum CNTN1 antibody and protein levels, as well as immune-complex deposition were determined. We identified 15 patients with immune-mediated neuropathy and concurrent nephrotic syndrome (biopsy proven MGN in 12/12), and 4 patients with isolated MGN from an idiopathic MGN cohort, all seropositive for IgG4 CNTN1 antibodies. CNTN1-containing immune complexes were found in the renal glomeruli of patients with CNTN1 antibodies, but not in control kidneys. CNTN1 peptides were identified in glomeruli by mass spectroscopy. CNTN1 seropositive patients were largely resistant to first-line neuropathy treatments but achieved a good outcome with escalation therapies. Neurological and renal function improved in parallel with suppressed antibody titres. The reason for isolated MGN without clinical neuropathy is unclear. We show that CNTN1, found in peripheral nerves and kidney glomeruli, is a common target for autoantibody-mediated pathology and may account for between 1 and 2% of idiopathic MGN cases. Greater awareness of this cross-system syndrome should facilitate earlier diagnosis and more timely use of effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janev Fehmi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Davies
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marilina Antonelou
- University College London Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Keddie
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Pikkupeura
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Querol
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilien Delmont
- Referral Centre for ALS and Neuromuscular Diseases, Hospital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain and Behaviour sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Staffan Persson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Pepper
- University College London Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Farinha
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Canetti
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit and National Amyloidosis Centre, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janet A. Gilbertson
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit and National Amyloidosis Centre, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B. Rendell
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit and National Amyloidosis Centre, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Radunovic
- Barts Neuromuscular Diseases Centre, Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Minton
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Geraint Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead M. Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital & Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling S. Carr
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary R. Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian S. D. Roberts
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Ashman
- Barts Renal Unit, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D. Salama
- University College London Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rinaldi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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28
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Cyrillus Tan Z, Lux A, Biburger M, Varghese P, Lees S, Nimmerjahn F, Meyer AS. Mixed IgG Fc immune complexes exhibit blended binding profiles and refine FcR affinity estimates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528730. [PMID: 36824734 PMCID: PMC9949097 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies coordinate immune effector responses by selectively binding to target antigens and then interacting with various effector cells via the Fcγ receptors. The Fc domain of IgG can promote or inhibit distinct effector responses across several different immune cell types through variation based on subclass and Fc domain glycosylation. Extensive characterization of these interactions has revealed how the inclusion of certain Fc subclasses or glycans results in distinct immune responses. During an immune response, however, IgG is produced with mixtures of Fc domain properties, so antigen-IgG immune complexes are likely to almost always be comprised of a combination of Fc forms. Whether and how this mixed composition influences immune effector responses has not been examined. Here, we measured Fcγ receptor binding to immune complexes of mixed Fc domain composition. We found that the binding properties of the mixed-composition immune complexes fell along a continuum between those of the corresponding pure cases. Binding quantitatively matched a mechanistic binding model, except for several low-affinity interactions mostly involving IgG2. We found that the affinities of these interactions are different than previously reported, and that the binding model could be used to provide refined estimates of these affinities. Finally, we demonstrated that the binding model can predict effector-cell elicited platelet depletion in humanized mice, with the model inferring the relevant effector cell populations. Contrary to the previous view in which IgG2 poorly engages with effector populations, we observe appreciable binding through avidity, but insufficient amounts to observe immune effector responses. Overall, this work demonstrates a quantitative framework for reasoning about effector response regulation arising from IgG of mixed Fc composition. Summary points The binding behavior of mixed Fc immune complexes is a blend of the binding properties for each constituent IgG species.An equilibrium, multivalent binding model can be generalized to incorporate immune complexes of mixed Fc composition.Particularly for low-affinity IgG-Fcγ receptor interactions, immune complexes provide better estimates of affinities.The FcγR binding model predicts effector-elicited cell clearance in humanized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cyrillus Tan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Anja Lux
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Markus Biburger
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Prabha Varghese
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | | | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Aaron S. Meyer
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA),Department of Bioengineering, UCLA,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA,Corresponding author.
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A subset of antibodies targeting citrullinated proteins confers protection from rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:691. [PMID: 36754962 PMCID: PMC9908943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although elevated levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the in vivo functions of these antibodies remain unclear. Here, we have expressed monoclonal ACPAs derived from patients with RA, and analyzed their functions in mice, as well as their specificities. None of the ACPAs showed arthritogenicity nor induced pain-associated behavior in mice. However, one of the antibodies, clone E4, protected mice from antibody-induced arthritis. E4 showed a binding pattern restricted to skin, macrophages and dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue, and cartilage derived from mouse and human arthritic joints. Proteomic analysis confirmed that E4 strongly binds to macrophages and certain RA synovial fluid proteins such as α-enolase. The protective effect of E4 was epitope-specific and dependent on the interaction between E4-citrullinated α-enolase immune complexes with FCGR2B on macrophages, resulting in increased IL-10 secretion and reduced osteoclastogenesis. These findings suggest that a subset of ACPAs have therapeutic potential in RA.
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Kuraoka M, Aschner CB, Windsor IW, Mahant AM, Garforth SJ, Kong SL, Achkar JM, Almo SC, Kelsoe G, Herold BC. A non-neutralizing glycoprotein B monoclonal antibody protects against herpes simplex virus disease in mice. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:161968. [PMID: 36454639 PMCID: PMC9888390 DOI: 10.1172/jci161968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for prevention or as adjunctive treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. Most vaccine and mAb efforts focus on neutralizing antibodies, but for HSV this strategy has proven ineffective. Preclinical studies with a candidate HSV vaccine strain, ΔgD-2, demonstrated that non-neutralizing antibodies that activate Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) provide active and passive protection against HSV-1 and HSV-2. We hypothesized that this vaccine provides a tool to identify and characterize protective mAbs. We isolated HSV-specific mAbs from germinal center and memory B cells and bone marrow plasmacytes of ΔgD-2-vaccinated mice and evaluated these mAbs for binding, neutralizing, and FcγR-activating activity and for protective efficacy in mice. The most potent protective mAb, BMPC-23, was not neutralizing but activated murine FcγRIV, a biomarker of ADCC. The cryo-electron microscopic structure of the Fab-glycoprotein B (gB) assembly identified domain IV of gB as the epitope. A single dose of BMPC-23 administered 24 hours before or after viral challenge provided significant protection when configured as mouse IgG2c and protected mice expressing human FcγRIII when engineered as a human IgG1. These results highlight the importance of FcR-activating antibodies in protecting against HSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kuraoka
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clare Burn Aschner
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ian W. Windsor
- Department of Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aakash Mahant Mahant
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Susan Luozheng Kong
- Department of Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Achkar
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Garnett Kelsoe
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery and,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Betsy C. Herold
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Zhu W, Wang Y, Lv L, Wang H, Shi W, Liu Z, Zhou M, Zhu J, Lu H. Universal chimeric Fcγ receptor T cells with appropriate affinity for IgG1 antibody exhibit optimal antitumor efficacy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2071-2085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Kyuuma M, Kaku A, Mishima-Tsumagari C, Ogawa B, Endo M, Tamura Y, Ishikura KI, Mima M, Nakanishi Y, Fujii Y. Unique structure of ozoralizumab, a trivalent anti-TNFα NANOBODY ® compound, offers the potential advantage of mitigating the risk of immune complex-induced inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149874. [PMID: 37122706 PMCID: PMC10141648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologics have become an important component of treatment strategies for a variety of diseases, but the immunogenicity of large immune complexes (ICs) and aggregates of biologics may increase risk of adverse events is a concern for biologics and it remains unclear whether large ICs consisting of intrinsic antigen and therapeutic antibodies are actually involved in acute local inflammation such as injection site reaction (ISR). Ozoralizumab is a trivalent, bispecific NANOBODY® compound that differs structurally from IgGs. Treatment with ozoralizumab has been shown to provide beneficial effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) comparable to those obtained with other TNFα inhibitors. Very few ISRs (2%) have been reported after ozoralizumab administration, and the drug has been shown to have acceptable safety and tolerability. In this study, in order to elucidate the mechanism underlying the reduced incidence of ISRs associated with ozoralizumab administration, we investigated the stoichiometry of two TNFα inhibitors (ozoralizumab and adalimumab, an anti-TNFα IgG) ICs and the induction by these drugs of Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated immune responses on neutrophils. Ozoralizumab-TNFα ICs are smaller than adalimumab-TNFα ICs and lack an Fc portion, thus mitigating FcγR-mediated immune responses on neutrophils. We also developed a model of anti-TNFα antibody-TNFα IC-induced subcutaneous inflammation and found that ozoralizumab-TNFα ICs do not induce any significant inflammation at injection sites. The results of our studies suggest that ozoralizumab is a promising candidate for the treatment of RA that entails a lower risk of the IC-mediated immune cell activation that leads to unwanted immune responses.
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Lu J, Spencer M, Zou Z, Traver M, Brzostowski J, Sun PD. FcγRI FG-loop functions as a pH sensitive switch for IgG binding and release. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100499. [PMID: 36814926 PMCID: PMC9940316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the hierarchic binding between FcγRs and IgG antibodies is critical for therapeutic antibody engineering and FcγR functions. The recent determination of crystal structures of FcγRI-Fc complexes, however, resulted in two controversial mechanisms for the high affinity receptor binding to IgG. Here, we describe high resolution structures of a bovine FG-loop variant of FcγRI in complex with the Fc fragment of IgG1 crystallized in three different conditions at neutral pH, confirming the characteristic FG loop-Fc interaction is critical to the high affinity immunoglobulin binding. We showed that the FcγRI D2-domain FG-loop functioned as a pH-sensing switch for IgG binding. Further live cell imaging of FcγRI-mediated internalization of immune complexes showed a pH sensitive temporal-spatial antibody-antigen uptake and release. Taken together, we demonstrate that the structures of FcγRI-Fc crystallized at neutral and acidic pH, respectively, represent the high and low affinity binding states of the receptor for IgG uptake and release. These results support a role for FcγRI in antigen delivery, highlight the importance of Fc glycan in antibody binding to the high affinity receptor and provide new insights to future antibody engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Lu
- Structural Immunology Section, Lab of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Spencer
- Structural Immunology Section, Lab of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Zhongcheng Zou
- Structural Immunology Section, Lab of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Maria Traver
- Lymphocyte Activation Section, Lab of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Brzostowski
- Lymphocyte Activation Section, Lab of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Peter D Sun
- Structural Immunology Section, Lab of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Preuß SL, Oehrl S, Zhang H, Döbel T, Engel U, Young JL, Spatz JP, Schäkel K. Immune complex-induced haptokinesis in human non-classical monocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1078241. [PMID: 36936904 PMCID: PMC10014541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1078241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation and deposition of immune complexes (ICs) are hallmarks of various autoimmune diseases. Detection of ICs by IC receptors on leukocytes induces downstream signaling and shapes the local immune response. In many cases the pathological relevance of ICs is not well understood. We here show that ICs induce a distinct migratory response, i.e. haptokinesis in 6-sulfo LacNAc+ monocytes (slanMo) and in non-classical monocytes (ncMo) but not in intermediate (imMo) and classical monocytes (cMo). Using live imaging combined with automated cell tracking, we show that the main features of IC-dependent haptokinesis are elongation of the cell body, actin polarization at the leading edge, and highly directional migration. We find that CD16-dependent signaling mediates haptokinesis as blocking of CD16 or blocking SYK-signaling inhibited the migratory response. The activity of the metalloproteinase ADAM17 also modifies IC-dependent haptokinesis, likely at least partially via cleavage of CD16. Furthermore, using matrices with defined ligand spacing, we show that ligand density impacts the magnitude of the migratory response. Taken together, we have demonstrated that ICs induce a specific migratory response in ncMo but not in other monocyte subsets. Therefore, our work lays the groundwork for the investigation of IC-dependent haptokinesis in ncMo as a potential pathomechanism in IC-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Preuß
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Oehrl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Döbel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Engel
- Nikon Imaging Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Young
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Biomedical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Knut Schäkel,
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Edavettal S, Cejudo-Martin P, Dasgupta B, Yang D, Buschman MD, Domingo D, Van Kolen K, Jaiprasat P, Gordon R, Schutsky K, Geist B, Taylor N, Soubrane CH, Van Der Helm E, LaCombe A, Ainekulu Z, Lacy E, Aligo J, Ho J, He Y, Lebowitz PF, Patterson JT, Scheer JM, Singh S. Enhanced delivery of antibodies across the blood-brain barrier via TEMs with inherent receptor-mediated phagocytosis. MED 2022; 3:860-882.e15. [PMID: 36257298 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The near impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the unique neuroimmune environment of the CNS prevents the effective use of antibodies in neurological diseases. Delivery of biotherapeutics to the brain can be enabled through receptor-mediated transcytosis via proteins such as the transferrin receptor, although limitations such as the ability to use Fc-mediated effector function to clear pathogenic targets can introduce safety liabilities. Hence, novel delivery approaches with alternative clearance mechanisms are warranted. METHODS Binders that optimized transport across the BBB, known as transcytosis-enabling modules (TEMs), were identified using a combination of antibody discovery techniques and pharmacokinetic analyses. Functional activity of TEMs were subsequently evaluated by imaging for the ability of myeloid cells to phagocytose target proteins and cells. FINDINGS We demonstrated significantly enhanced brain exposure of therapeutic antibodies using optimal transferrin receptor or CD98 TEMs. We found that these modules also mediated efficient clearance of tau aggregates and HER2+ tumor cells via a non-classical phagocytosis mechanism through direct engagement of myeloid cells. This mode of clearance potentially avoids the known drawbacks of FcγR-mediated antibody mechanisms in the brain such as the neurotoxic release of proinflammatory cytokines and immune cell exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports a new brain delivery platform that harnesses receptor-mediated transcytosis to maximize brain uptake and uses a non-classical phagocytosis mechanism to efficiently clear pathologic proteins and cells. We believe these findings will transform therapeutic approaches to treat CNS diseases. FUNDING This research was funded by Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danlin Yang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Renata Gordon
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Keith Schutsky
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Brian Geist
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Ann LaCombe
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Eilyn Lacy
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Jason Aligo
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Jason Ho
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Yingbo He
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Justin M Scheer
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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36
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Plattner K, Gharailoo Z, Zinkhan S, Engeroff P, Bachmann MF, Vogel M. IgE glycans promote anti-IgE IgG autoantibodies that facilitate IgE serum clearance via Fc Receptors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1069100. [PMID: 36544773 PMCID: PMC9761184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1069100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that IgE glycosylation significantly impacts the ability of IgE to bind to its high-affinity receptor FcεRI and exert effector functions. We have recently demonstrated that immunizing mice with IgE in a complex with an allergen leads to a protective, glycan-dependent anti-IgE response. However, to what extent the glycans on IgE determine the induction of those antibodies and how they facilitate serum clearance is unclear.Therefore, we investigated the role of glycan-specific anti-IgE IgG autoantibodies in regulating serum IgE levels and preventing systemic anaphylaxis by passive immunization. Methods Mice were immunized using glycosylated or deglycosylated IgE-allergen-immune complexes (ICs) to induce anti-IgE IgG antibodies. The anti-IgE IgG antibodies were purified and used for passive immunization. Results Glycosylated IgE-ICs induced a significantly higher anti-IgE IgG response and more IgG-secreting plasma cells than deglycosylated IgE-ICs. Passive immunization of IgE-sensitized mice with purified anti-IgE IgG increased the clearance of IgE and prevented systemic anaphylaxis upon allergen challenge. Anti-IgE IgG purified from the serum of mice immunized with deglycosylated IgE-ICs, led to a significantly reduced elimination and protection, confirming that the IgE glycans themselves are the primary drivers of the protectivity induced by the IgE-immune complexes. Conclusion IgE glycosylation is essential for a robust anti-IgE IgG response and might be an important regulator of serum IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Plattner
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zahra Gharailoo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Zinkhan
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Engeroff
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Monique Vogel,
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37
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Jackson CP, Fang S, Benjamin SR, Alayi T, Hathout Y, Gillen SM, Handel JP, Brems BM, Howe JM, Tumey LN. Evaluation of an ester-linked immunosuppressive payload: A case study in understanding the stability and cleavability of ester-containing ADC linkers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 75:128953. [PMID: 36058468 PMCID: PMC10166636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In spite of their value in prodrug applications, the use of esters in antibody-drug-conjugate (ADC) payloads and linkers has generally been avoided due to the ubiquitous and promiscuous nature of human esterases. ADCs generally have a long circulating half life (3-7 days) that makes them susceptible to esterase-mediated metabolism. Moreover, it is largely unclear whether lysosomal and cytosolic esterases cleave ester-containing linkers upon ADC internalization. Due to our interest in the targeted delivery of immune-modulators, our team has recently prepared a series of ester-linked dexamethasone ADCs. Herein, we report our studies of the functional activity of these ADCs, with a particular focus on their catabolism in various biological milieu. We found that esters are selectively but inefficiently cleaved upon cellular uptake, likely by cytosolic esterases. Lysosomal catabolism studies indicate that, in spite of the strong proteolytic activity, very little cleavage of ester-containing linkers occurs in the lysosome. However, ADCs bearing the ester-linked payloads are active in various immune-suppressive assays, suggesting that cytosolic cleavage is taking place. This was confirmed through LCMS quantitation of the payload following cell lysis. Finally, the stability of the ester linkage was evaluated in mouse and human plasma. We found, similar to other reports, there is a significant site-dependence on the cleavage. Esters attached at highly exposed sites, such as 443C, were rapidly cleaved in plasma while esters at more hindered sites, such at 334C, were not. Together, these results help to unravel the complexities of ester-incorporation into ADC linkers and pave a path forward for their utility in ADC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P Jackson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Siteng Fang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Samantha R Benjamin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Tchilabalo Alayi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Yetrib Hathout
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Sarah M Gillen
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Jillian P Handel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Brittany M Brems
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Justin M Howe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - L Nathan Tumey
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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Porbahaie M, Savelkoul HFJ, de Haan CAM, Teodorowicz M, van Neerven RJJ. Direct Binding of Bovine IgG-Containing Immune Complexes to Human Monocytes and Their Putative Role in Innate Immune Training. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214452. [PMID: 36364714 PMCID: PMC9654672 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk IgG (bIgG) was shown to bind to and neutralize the human respiratory synovial virus (RSV). In animal models, adding bIgG prevented experimental RSV infection and increased the number of activated T cells. This enhanced activation of RSV-specific T cells may be explained by receptor-mediated uptake and antigen presentation after binding of bIgG-RSV immune complexes (ICs) with FcγRs (primarily CD32) on human immune cells. This indirect effect of bIgG ICs on activation of RSV-specific T cells was confirmed previously in human T cell cultures. However, the direct binding of ICs to antigen-presenting cells has not been addressed. As bovine IgG can induce innate immune training, we hypothesized that this effect could be caused more efficiently by ICs. Therefore, we characterized the expression of CD16, CD32, and CD64 on (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), determined the optimal conditions to form ICs of bIgG with the RSV preF protein, and demonstrated the direct binding of these ICs to human CD14+ monocytes. Similarly, bIgG complexed with a murine anti-bIgG mAb also bound efficiently to the monocytes. To evaluate whether the ICs could induce innate immune training more efficiently than bIgG itself, the resulted ICs, as well as bIgG, were used in an in vitro innate immune training model. Training with the ICs containing bIgG and RSV preF protein-but not the bIgG alone-induced significantly higher TNF-α production upon LPS and R848 stimulation. However, the preF protein itself nonsignificantly increased cytokine production as well. This may be explained by its tropism to the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGFR1), as IGF has been reported to induce innate immune training. Even so, these data suggest a role for IgG-containing ICs in inducing innate immune training after re-exposure to pathogens. However, as ICs of bIgG with a mouse anti-bIgG mAb did not induce this effect, further research is needed to confirm the putative role of bIgG ICs in enhancing innate immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Porbahaie
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A. M. de Haan
- Virology Division, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malgorzata Teodorowicz
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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39
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Reitinger C, Ipsen-Escobedo A, Hornung C, Heger L, Dudziak D, Lux A, Nimmerjahn F. Modulation of urelumab glycosylation separates immune stimulatory activity from organ toxicity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970290. [PMID: 36248847 PMCID: PMC9558126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint control and immunomodulatory antibodies have become important tools for modulating tumor or self-reactive immune responses. A major issue preventing to make full use of the potential of these immunomodulatory antibodies are the severe side-effects, ranging from systemic cytokine release syndrome to organ-specific toxicities. The IgG Fc-portion has been demonstrated to contribute to both, the desired as well as the undesired antibody activities of checkpoint control and immunomodulatory antibodies via binding to cellular Fcγ-receptors (FcγR). Thus, choosing IgG subclasses, such as human IgG4, with a low ability to interact with FcγRs has been identified as a potential strategy to limit FcγR or complement pathway dependent side-effects. However, even immunomodulatory antibodies on the human IgG4 background may interact with cellular FcγRs and show dose limiting toxicities. By using a humanized mouse model allowing to study the immunomodulatory activity of human checkpoint control antibodies in vivo, we demonstrate that deglycosylation of the CD137-specific IgG4 antibody urelumab results in an amelioration of liver toxicity, while maintaining T cell stimulatory activity. In addition, our results emphasize that antibody dosing impacts the separation of side-effects of urelumab from its therapeutic activity via IgG deglycosylation. Thus, glycoengineering of human IgG4 antibodies may be a possible approach to limit collateral damage by immunomodulatory antibodies and allow for a greater therapeutic window of opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Reitinger
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Ipsen-Escobedo
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chiara Hornung
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Falk Nimmerjahn,
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Wang L, Xu H, Yang H, Zhou J, Zhao L, Zhang F. Glucose metabolism and glycosylation link the gut microbiota to autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952398. [PMID: 36203617 PMCID: PMC9530352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates serve as important energy sources and structural substances for human body as well as for gut microbes. As evidenced by the advances in immunometabolism, glucose metabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation are deeply involved in immune cell activation, proliferation, and signaling transduction as well as trafficking and effector functions, thus contributing to immune response programming and assisting in host adaption to microenvironment changes. Increased glucose uptake, aberrant expression of glucose transporter 1 (e.g., GLU1), and abnormal glycosylation patterns have been identified in autoimmunity and are suggested as partially responsible for the dysregulated immune response and the modification of gut microbiome composition in the autoimmune pathogenesis. The interaction between gut microbiota and host carbohydrate metabolism is complex and bidirectional. Their impact on host immune homeostasis and the development of autoimmune diseases remains to be elucidated. This review summarized the current knowledge on the crosstalk of glucose metabolism and glycosylation in the host with intestinal microbiota and discussed their possible role in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. Potential therapeutic strategies targeting glucose metabolism and glycosylation in modulating gut ecosystem and treating autoimmune diseases were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxin Zhou, ; Lidan Zhao,
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxin Zhou, ; Lidan Zhao,
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Cruz AR, Bentlage AEH, Blonk R, de Haas CJC, Aerts PC, Scheepmaker LM, Bouwmeester IG, Lux A, van Strijp JAG, Nimmerjahn F, van Kessel KPM, Vidarsson G, Rooijakkers SHM. Toward Understanding How Staphylococcal Protein A Inhibits IgG-Mediated Phagocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1146-1155. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IgG molecules are crucial for the human immune response against bacterial infections. IgGs can trigger phagocytosis by innate immune cells, like neutrophils. To do so, IgGs should bind to the bacterial surface via their variable Fab regions and interact with Fcγ receptors and complement C1 via the constant Fc domain. C1 binding to IgG-labeled bacteria activates the complement cascade, which results in bacterial decoration with C3-derived molecules that are recognized by complement receptors on neutrophils. Next to FcγRs and complement receptors on the membrane, neutrophils also express the intracellular neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). We previously reported that staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a key immune-evasion protein of Staphylococcus aureus, potently blocks IgG-mediated complement activation and killing of S. aureus by interfering with IgG hexamer formation. SpA is also known to block IgG-mediated phagocytosis in absence of complement, but the mechanism behind it remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that SpA blocks IgG-mediated phagocytosis and killing of S. aureus and that it inhibits the interaction of IgGs with FcγRs (FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not FcγRI) and FcRn. Furthermore, our data show that multiple SpA domains are needed to effectively block IgG1-mediated phagocytosis. This provides a rationale for the fact that SpA from S. aureus contains four to five repeats. Taken together, our study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which SpA blocks IgG-mediated phagocytosis and supports the idea that in addition to FcγRs, the intracellular FcRn is also prevented from binding IgG by SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cruz
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- †Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Robin Blonk
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J. C. de Haas
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Piet C. Aerts
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette M. Scheepmaker
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge G. Bouwmeester
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Lux
- ‡Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- ‡Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kok P. M. van Kessel
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- †Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Kljaković-Gašpić Batinjan M, Petrović T, Vučković F, Hadžibegović I, Radovani B, Jurin I, Đerek L, Huljev E, Markotić A, Lukšić I, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Lauc G, Gudelj I, Čivljak R. Differences in Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Between Influenza and COVID-19 Patients. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 26:S2095-8099(22)00631-2. [PMID: 36093331 PMCID: PMC9446557 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in immune system regulation and combatting infectious diseases cannot be fully recognized without an understanding of the changes in its N-glycans attached to the asparagine 297 of the Fc domain that occur under such circumstances. These glycans impact the antibody stability, half-life, secretion, immunogenicity, and effector functions. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed and compared the total IgG glycome-at the level of individual glycan structures and derived glycosylation traits (sialylation, galactosylation, fucosylation, and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc))-of 64 patients with influenza, 77 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and 56 healthy controls. Our study revealed a significant decrease in IgG galactosylation, sialylation, and bisecting GlcNAc (where the latter shows the most significant decrease) in deceased COVID-19 patients, whereas IgG fucosylation was increased. On the other hand, IgG galactosylation remained stable in influenza patients and COVID-19 survivors. IgG glycosylation in influenza patients was more time-dependent: In the first seven days of the disease, sialylation increased and fucosylation and bisecting GlcNAc decreased; in the next 21 days, sialylation decreased and fucosylation increased (while bisecting GlcNAc remained stable). The similarity of IgG glycosylation changes in COVID-19 survivors and influenza patients may be the consequence of an adequate immune response to enveloped viruses, while the observed changes in deceased COVID-19 patients may indicate its deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tea Petrović
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Frano Vučković
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Irzal Hadžibegović
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Barbara Radovani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurin
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Lovorka Đerek
- Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Eva Huljev
- Department for Acute Respiratory Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Alemka Markotić
- Department for Urogenital Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Postdoctoral Study, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Ivica Lukšić
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Rok Čivljak
- Department for Acute Respiratory Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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43
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Gehlert CL, Rahmati P, Boje AS, Winterberg D, Krohn S, Theocharis T, Cappuzzello E, Lux A, Nimmerjahn F, Ludwig RJ, Lustig M, Rösner T, Valerius T, Schewe DM, Kellner C, Klausz K, Peipp M. Dual Fc optimization to increase the cytotoxic activity of a CD19-targeting antibody. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957874. [PMID: 36119088 PMCID: PMC9471254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting CD19 represents a promising strategy for the therapy of B-cell malignancies. Although non-engineered CD19 antibodies are poorly effective in mediating complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), these effector functions can be enhanced by Fc-engineering. Here, we engineered a CD19 antibody with the aim to improve effector cell-mediated killing and CDC activity by exchanging selected amino acid residues in the Fc domain. Based on the clinically approved Fc-optimized antibody tafasitamab, which triggers enhanced ADCC and ADCP due to two amino acid exchanges in the Fc domain (S239D/I332E), we additionally added the E345K amino acid exchange to favor antibody hexamerization on the target cell surface resulting in improved CDC. The dual engineered CD19-DEK antibody bound CD19 and Fcγ receptors with similar characteristics as the parental CD19-DE antibody. Both antibodies were similarly efficient in mediating ADCC and ADCP but only the dual optimized antibody was able to trigger complement deposition on target cells and effective CDC. Our data provide evidence that from a technical perspective selected Fc-enhancing mutations can be combined (S239D/I332E and E345K) allowing the enhancement of ADCC, ADCP and CDC with isolated effector populations. Interestingly, under more physiological conditions when the complement system and FcR-positive effector cells are available as effector source, strong complement deposition negatively impacts FcR engagement. Both effector functions were simultaneously active only at selected antibody concentrations. Dual Fc-optimized antibodies may represent a strategy to further improve CD19-directed cancer immunotherapy. In general, our results can help in guiding optimal antibody engineering strategies to optimize antibodies’ effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lynn Gehlert
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pegah Rahmati
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ammelie Svea Boje
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dorothee Winterberg
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Krohn
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Theocharis
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anja Lux
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marta Lustig
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Denis Martin Schewe
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matthias Peipp,
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44
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Oosterhoff JJ, Larsen MD, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Afucosylated IgG responses in humans - structural clues to the regulation of humoral immunity. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:800-814. [PMID: 36008258 PMCID: PMC9395167 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Healthy immune responses require efficient protection without excessive inflammation. Recent discoveries on the degree of fucosylation of a human N-linked glycan at a conserved site in the immunoglobulin IgG-Fc domain might add an additional regulatory layer to adaptive humoral immunity. Specifically, afucosylation of IgG-Fc enhances the interaction of IgG with FcγRIII and thereby its activity. Although plasma IgG is generally fucosylated, afucosylated IgG is raised in responses to enveloped viruses and Plasmodium falciparum proteins expressed on infected erythrocytes, as well as during alloimmune responses. Moreover, while afucosylation can exacerbate some infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19), it also correlates with traits of protective immunity against malaria and HIV-1. Herein we discuss the implications of IgG afucosylation for health and disease, as well as for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita J Oosterhoff
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mads Delbo Larsen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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45
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Bi Y, Su J, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu M, Zhou A, Xu J, Pan M, Zhao Y, Li F. Distinct impact of IgG subclass on autoantibody pathogenicity in different IgG4-mediated diseases. eLife 2022; 11:76223. [PMID: 35920621 PMCID: PMC9385207 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4 is the least potent human IgG subclass for the FcγR-mediated antibody effector function. Paradoxically, IgG4 is also the dominant IgG subclass of pathogenic autoantibodies in IgG4-mediated diseases. Here, we show that the IgG subclass and Fc-FcγR interaction have a distinct impact on the pathogenic function of autoantibodies in different IgG4-mediated diseases in mouse models. While IgG4 and its weak Fc-FcγR interaction have an ameliorative role in the pathogenicity of anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies isolated from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) patients, they have an unexpected exacerbating effect on anti-Dsg1 autoantibody pathogenicity in pemphigus foliaceus (PF) models. Strikingly, a non-pathogenic anti-Dsg1 antibody variant optimized for FcγR-mediated effector function can attenuate the skin lesions induced by pathogenic anti-Dsg1 antibodies by promoting the clearance of dead keratinocytes. These studies suggest that IgG effector function contributes to the clearance of autoantibody-Ag complexes, which is harmful in TTP, but beneficial in PF and may provide new therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Bi
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Su
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengru Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingdong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fubin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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46
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Gyebrovszki B, Ács A, Szabó D, Auer F, Novozánszki S, Rojkovich B, Magyar A, Hudecz F, Vékey K, Drahos L, Sármay G. The Role of IgG Fc Region N-Glycosylation in the Pathomechanism of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105828. [PMID: 35628640 PMCID: PMC9146365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. N-glycosylation pattern of ACPA-IgG and healthy IgG Fc differs. The aim of this study is to determine the relative sialylation and galactosylation level of ACPAs and control IgG to assess their capability of inducing TNFα production, and furthermore, to analyze the correlations between the composition of Fc glycans and inflammatory markers in RA. We isolated IgG from sera of healthy volunteers and RA patients, and purified ACPAs on a citrulline-peptide column. Immunocomplexes (IC) were formed by adding an F(ab)2 fragment of anti-human IgG. U937 cells were used to monitor the binding of IC to FcγR and to trigger TNFα release determined by ELISA. To analyze glycan profiles, control IgG and ACPA-IgG were digested with trypsin and the glycosylation patterns of glycopeptides were analyzed by determining site-specific N-glycosylation using nano-UHPLC-MS/MS. We found that both sialylation and galactosylation levels of ACPA-IgG negatively correlate with inflammation-related parameters such as CRP, ESR, and RF. Functional assays show that dimerized ACPA-IgG significantly enhances TNFα release in an FcγRI-dependent manner, whereas healthy IgG does not. TNFα production inversely correlates with the relative intensities of the G0 glycoform, which lacks galactose and terminal sialic acid moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Gyebrovszki
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.G.); (F.A.); (S.N.)
| | - András Ács
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.); (D.S.); (K.V.); (L.D.)
| | - Dániel Szabó
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.); (D.S.); (K.V.); (L.D.)
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Felícia Auer
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.G.); (F.A.); (S.N.)
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Soma Novozánszki
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.G.); (F.A.); (S.N.)
- Central Laboratory-Microbiology Profile, Molecular Department, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadette Rojkovich
- Rheumatology Department III, Polyclinic of the Hospitaller Brothers of St. John of God, 1027 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anna Magyar
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (F.H.)
| | - Ferenc Hudecz
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (F.H.)
| | - Károly Vékey
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.); (D.S.); (K.V.); (L.D.)
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.); (D.S.); (K.V.); (L.D.)
| | - Gabriella Sármay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.G.); (F.A.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence:
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47
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Delidakis G, Kim JE, George K, Georgiou G. Improving Antibody Therapeutics by Manipulating the Fc Domain: Immunological and Structural Considerations. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 24:249-274. [PMID: 35363537 PMCID: PMC9648538 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082721-024500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of antibodies and a plethora of cellular Fc receptors (FcRs) or soluble proteins form a critical link between humoral and innate immunity. In particular, the immunoglobulin G Fc domain is critical for the clearance of target cells by processes that include (a) cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, or complement lysis; (b) modulation of inflammation; (c) antigen presentation; (d) antibody-mediated receptor clustering; and (e) cytokine release. More than 30 Fc-engineered antibodies aimed primarily at tailoring these effects for optimal therapeutic outcomes are in clinical evaluation or have already been approved. Nonetheless, our understanding of how FcR engagement impacts various immune cell phenotypes is still largely incomplete. Recent insights into FcR biology coupled with advances in Fc:FcR structural analysis, Fc engineering, and mouse models that recapitulate human biology are helping to fill in existing knowledge gaps. These advances will provide a blueprint on how to fine-tune the Fc domain to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Delidakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
| | - Jin Eyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Katia George
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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48
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Dunlap T, Cao Y. Physiological Considerations for Modeling in vivo Antibody-Target Interactions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:856961. [PMID: 35281913 PMCID: PMC8912916 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.856961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of therapeutic antibodies in development pipelines is increasing rapidly. Despite superior success rates relative to small molecules, therapeutic antibodies still face many unique development challenges. There is often a translational gap from their high target affinity and specificity to the therapeutic effects. Tissue microenvironment and physiology critically influence antibody-target interactions contributing to apparent affinity alterations and dynamic target engagement. The full potential of therapeutic antibodies will be further realized by contextualizing antibody-target interactions under physiological conditions. Here we review how local physiology such as physical stress, biological fluid, and membrane characteristics could influence antibody-target association, dissociation, and apparent affinity. These physiological factors in the early development of therapeutic antibodies are valuable toward rational antibody engineering, preclinical candidate selection, and lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Dunlap
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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49
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Cavaco M, Castanho MARB, Neves V. The Use of Antibody-Antibiotic Conjugates to Fight Bacterial Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835677. [PMID: 35330773 PMCID: PMC8940529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rapidly increasing and it is one of the significant twenty-first century's healthcare challenges. Unfortunately, the development of effective antimicrobial agents is a much slower and complex process compared to the spread of AMR. Consequently, the current options in the treatment of AMR are limited. One of the main alternatives to conventional antibiotics is the use of antibody-antibiotic conjugates (AACs). These innovative bioengineered agents take advantage of the selectivity, favorable pharmacokinetic (PK), and safety of antibodies, allowing the administration of more potent antibiotics with less off-target effects. Although AACs' development is challenging due to the complexity of the three components, namely, the antibody, the antibiotic, and the linker, some successful examples are currently under clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vera Neves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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50
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Wang Y, Krémer V, Iannascoli B, Goff ORL, Mancardi DA, Ramke L, de Chaisemartin L, Bruhns P, Jönsson F. Specificity of mouse and human Fcgamma receptors and their polymorphic variants for IgG subclasses of different species. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:753-759. [PMID: 35133670 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the predominant antibody class generated during infections and used for the generation of therapeutic antibodies. Antibodies are mainly characterized in or generated from animal models that support particular infections, respond to particular antigens or allow the generation of hybridomas. Due to the availability of numerous transgenic mouse models and the ease of performing bioassays with human blood cells in vitro, most antibodies from species other than mice and humans are tested in vitro using human cells and/or in vivo using mice. In this process, it is expected, but not yet systematically documented, that IgG from these species interact with human or mouse IgG receptors (FcγRs). In this study, we undertook a systematic assessment of binding specificities of IgG from various species to the families of mouse and human FcγRs, including their polymorphic variants. Our results document the specific binding patterns for each of these IgG (sub)classes, reveal possible caveats of antibody-based immunoassays, and will be a useful reference for the transition from one animal model to preclinical mouse models or human cell-based bioassays. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222, Paris, F-75015
| | - Vanessa Krémer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222, Paris, F-75015
| | - Bruno Iannascoli
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222, Paris, F-75015
| | - Odile Richard-Le Goff
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222, Paris, F-75015
| | - David A Mancardi
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222, Paris, F-75015
| | - Leoni Ramke
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222, Paris, F-75015
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222, Paris, F-75015.,APHP, Bichat Hospital, Immunology Department, Paris, F-75018
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222, Paris, F-75015
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222, Paris, F-75015.,CNRS, Paris, F-75016
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