1
|
Motomura K, Morita H, Naruse K, Saito H, Matsumoto K. Implication of viruses in the etiology of preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13844. [PMID: 38627916 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most common disorders that poses threat to both mothers and neonates and a major contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Viral infection during pregnancy is not typically considered to cause preeclampsia; however, syndromic nature of preeclampsia etiology and the immunomodulatory effects of viral infections suggest that microbes could trigger a subset of preeclampsia. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Herein, we review the potential role of viral infections in this great obstetrical syndrome. According to in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, viral infections can cause preeclampsia by introducing poor placentation, syncytiotrophoblast stress, and/or maternal systemic inflammation, which are all known to play a critical role in the development of preeclampsia. Moreover, clinical and experimental investigations have suggested a link between several viruses and the onset of preeclampsia via multiple pathways. However, the results of experimental and clinical research are not always consistent. Therefore, future studies should investigate the causal link between viral infections and preeclampsia to elucidate the mechanism behind this relationship and the etiology of preeclampsia itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Motomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Naruse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hildebrand C, Hollenbach J, Seeger B, Pfarrer C. β-Hydroxybutyrate Effects on Bovine Caruncular Epithelial Cells: A Model for Investigating the Peri-Implantation Period Disruption in Ketotic Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2950. [PMID: 37760350 PMCID: PMC10525762 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketosis is a metabolic disorder arising from a negative energy balance (NEB). It is characterized by high β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) blood levels and associated with reduced fertility in dairy cows. To investigate the impact of BHBA on bovine caruncular epithelial cells (BCEC) in vitro, these cells were stimulated with different concentrations of BHBA. Cell metabolism and motility were examined using an MTT assay and Live-cell imaging. RT-qPCR was used to examine mRNA expressions of TNF, IL6, RELA, prostaglandin E2 synthase (PTGES2) and receptor (PTGER2) as well as integrin subunits ITGAV, ITGA6, ITGB1 and ITGB3. Stimulation with 1.8 and 2.4 mM of BHBA negatively affected cell metabolism and motility. TNF showed increased mRNA expression related to rising BHBA concentrations. IL6, RELA, ITGAV, ITGA6, ITGB1 and ITGB3 as well as PTGER2 showed no changes in mRNA expression. Stimulation with 0.6 and 1.2 mM of BHBA significantly increased the mRNA expression of PTGES2. This does not indicate a negative effect on reproductive performance because low BHBA concentrations are found in steady-state conditions. However, the results of the study show negative effects of high BHBA concentrations on the function of BCECs as well as an inflammatory response. This could negatively affect the feto-maternal communication during the peri-implantation period in ketotic dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hildebrand
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Julia Hollenbach
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Bettina Seeger
- Research Group Food Toxicology and Alternative/Complementary Methods to Animal Experiments, Institute for Food Quality and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany; (C.H.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lan XY, Gu YY, Li MJ, Song TJ, Zhai FJ, Zhang Y, Zhan JS, Böckers TM, Yue XN, Wang JN, Yuan S, Jin MY, Xie YF, Dang WW, Hong HH, Guo ZR, Wang XW, Zhang R. Poly(I:C)-induced maternal immune activation causes elevated self-grooming in male rat offspring: Involvement of abnormal postpartum static nursing in dam. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1054381. [PMID: 37009477 PMCID: PMC10062710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1054381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Maternal immune activation (MIA) is closely related to the onset of autism-like behaviors in offspring, but the mechanism remains unclear. Maternal behaviors can influence offspring’s development and behaviors, as indicated in both human and animal studies. We hypothesized that abnormal maternal behaviors in MIA dams might be other factors leading to delayed development and abnormal behaviors in offspring.Methods: To verify our hypothesis, we analyzed poly(I:C)-induced MIA dam’s postpartum maternal behavior and serum levels of several hormones related to maternal behavior. Pup’s developmental milestones and early social communication were recorded and evaluated in infancy. Other behavioral tests, including three-chamber test, self-grooming test, open field test, novel object recognition test, rotarod test and maximum grip test, were performed in adolescence of pups.Results: Our results showed that MIA dams exhibit abnormal static nursing behavior but normal basic care and dynamic nursing behavior. The serum levels of testosterone and arginine vasopressin in MIA dams were significantly reduced compared with control dams. The developmental milestones, including pinna detachment, incisor eruption and eye opening, were significantly delayed in MIA offspring compared with control offspring, while the weight and early social communication showed no significant differences between the two groups. Behavioral tests performed in adolescence showed that only male MIA offspring display elevated self-grooming behaviors and reduced maximum grip.Discussion: In conclusion, MIA dams display abnormal postpartum static nursing behavior concomitantly with reduced serum levels of testosterone and arginine vasopressin, possibly involving in the pathogenesis of delayed development and elevated self-grooming in male offspring. These findings hint that improving dam’s postpartum maternal behavior might be a potential regime to counteract delayed development and elevated self-grooming in male MIA offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Lan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Yu Gu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Juan Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Jia Song
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Jun Zhai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Zhan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tobias M. Böckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xiao-Nan Yue
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Health Bureau of Kenli District, Dongying, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Ying Jin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Fei Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Wen Dang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Heng Hong
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Rui Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Wei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Autism Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu-Culligan A, Tabachnikova A, Pérez-Then E, Tokuyama M, Lee HJ, Lucas C, Silva Monteiro V, Miric M, Brache V, Cochon L, Muenker MC, Mohanty S, Huang J, Kang I, Dela Cruz C, Farhadian S, Campbell M, Yildirim I, Shaw AC, Ma S, Vermund SH, Ko AI, Omer SB, Iwasaki A. No evidence of fetal defects or anti-syncytin-1 antibody induction following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001506. [PMID: 35609110 PMCID: PMC9129011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination on pregnancy and fertility has become a major topic of public interest. We investigated 2 of the most widely propagated claims to determine (1) whether COVID-19 mRNA vaccination of mice during early pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of birth defects or growth abnormalities; and (2) whether COVID-19 mRNA-vaccinated human volunteers exhibit elevated levels of antibodies to the human placental protein syncytin-1. Using a mouse model, we found that intramuscular COVID-19 mRNA vaccination during early pregnancy at gestational age E7.5 did not lead to differences in fetal size by crown-rump length or weight at term, nor did we observe any gross birth defects. In contrast, injection of the TLR3 agonist and double-stranded RNA mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, or poly(I:C), impacted growth in utero leading to reduced fetal size. No overt maternal illness following either vaccination or poly(I:C) exposure was observed. We also found that term fetuses from these murine pregnancies vaccinated prior to the formation of the definitive placenta exhibit high circulating levels of anti-spike and anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) consistent with maternal antibody status, indicating transplacental transfer in the later stages of pregnancy after early immunization. Finally, we did not detect increased levels of circulating anti-syncytin-1 antibodies in a cohort of COVID-19 vaccinated adults compared to unvaccinated adults by ELISA. Our findings contradict popular claims associating COVID-19 mRNA vaccination with infertility and adverse neonatal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lu-Culligan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Tabachnikova
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Maria Tokuyama
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hannah J. Lee
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Valter Silva Monteiro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Marija Miric
- Two Oceans in Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Vivian Brache
- Biomedical Research Department, Profamilia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Leila Cochon
- Biomedical Research Department, Profamilia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - M. Catherine Muenker
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jiefang Huang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Insoo Kang
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charles Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shelli Farhadian
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Melissa Campbell
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Inci Yildirim
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Saad B. Omer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu GH, Liu L, Huang XX, Li DJ, Zhu YZ, Lu X, Du MR. The risk of intrauterine exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in female COVID-19 patients: A comprehensive review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 89:e13528. [PMID: 35148017 PMCID: PMC9111367 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a new type of coronavirus that has caused fatal infectious diseases and global spread. This novel coronavirus attacks target cells through the interaction of spike protein and angiotensin‐converting enzyme II (ACE2), leading to different clinical symptoms. However, for a successful pregnancy, a well‐established in‐uterine environment includes a specific immune environment, and multi‐interactions between specific cell types are prerequisites. The immune‐related changes in patients infected with novel coronavirus could interfere with the immune microenvironment in the uterus, leading to fetal loss. We first reviewed the intrauterine environment in the normal development process and the possible pregnancy outcome in the infection state. Then, we summarized the immune response induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients and analyzed the changes in ACE2 expression in the female reproductive system. Finally, the present observational evidence of infection in pregnant women was also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Zhu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Xi Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Rong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shook LL, Fallah PN, Silberman JN, Edlow AG. COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy and Lactation: Current Research and Gaps in Understanding. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:735394. [PMID: 34604115 PMCID: PMC8481914 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.735394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the urgent need to develop vaccine strategies optimized for pregnant people and their newborns, as both populations are at risk of developing severe disease. Although not included in COVID-19 vaccine development trials, pregnant people have had access to these vaccines since their initial release in the US and abroad. The rapid development and distribution of novel COVID-19 vaccines to people at risk, including those who are pregnant and lactating, presents an unprecedented opportunity to further our understanding of vaccine-induced immunity in these populations. In this review, we aim to summarize the literature to date on COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy and lactation and highlight opportunities for investigation that may inform future maternal vaccine development and implementation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L. Shook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Parisa N. Fallah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason N. Silberman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrea G. Edlow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shmeleva EV, Colucci F. Maternal natural killer cells at the intersection between reproduction and mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:991-1005. [PMID: 33903735 PMCID: PMC8071844 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many maternal immune cells populate the decidua, which is the mucosal lining of the uterus transformed during pregnancy. Here, abundant natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages help the uterine vasculature adapt to fetal demands for gas and nutrients, thereby supporting fetal growth. Fetal trophoblast cells budding off the forming placenta and invading deep into maternal tissues come into contact with these and other immune cells. Besides their homeostatic functions, decidual NK cells can respond to pathogens during infection, but in doing so, they may become conflicted between destroying the invader and sustaining fetoplacental growth. We review how maternal NK cells balance their double duty both in the local microenvironment of the uterus and systemically, during toxoplasmosis, influenza, cytomegalovirus, malaria and other infections that threat pregnancy. We also discuss recent developments in the understanding of NK-cell responses to SARS-Cov-2 infection and the possible dangers of COVID-19 during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V Shmeleva
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu L, Li Y, Sang Y, Li DJ, Du M. Crosstalk Between Trophoblasts and Decidual Immune Cells: The Cornerstone of Maternal-Fetal Immunotolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642392. [PMID: 33717198 PMCID: PMC7947923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of pregnancy relies on the fine adjustment of the maternal immune system to tolerate the allogeneic fetus. Trophoblasts carrying paternal antigens are the only fetal-derived cells that come into direct contact with the maternal immune cells at the maternal–fetal interface. The crosstalk between trophoblasts and decidual immune cells (DICs) via cell–cell direct interaction and soluble factors such as chemokines and cytokines is a core event contributing to the unique immunotolerant microenvironment. Abnormal trophoblasts–DICs crosstalk can lead to dysregulated immune situations, which is well known to be a potential cause of a series of pregnancy complications including recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), which is the most common one. Immunotherapy has been applied to RSA. However, its development has been far less rapid or mature than that of cancer immunotherapy. Elucidating the mechanism of maternal–fetal immune tolerance, the theoretical basis for RSA immunotherapy, not only helps to understand the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy but also provides new therapeutic strategies and promotes the progress of immunotherapy against pregnancy-related diseases caused by disrupted immunotolerance. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the maternal–fetal immune tolerance mediated by trophoblasts–DICs crosstalk and clinical application of immunotherapy in RSA. Advancement in this area will further accelerate the basic research and clinical transformation of reproductive immunity and tumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Sang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jash S, Sharma S. In utero immune programming of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Hum Immunol 2021; 82:379-384. [PMID: 33612392 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptation of immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface affects balanced maternal-fetal cross-talk and placental health and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The concept of in utero programming of childhood and adulthood diseases has revolutionized the research on the role of pregnancy in maternal, neonatal, and adult health. However, it is not yet well understood whether dysregulation of uterine immunity contributes to any health consequences during childhood or later in life. Recent observations in mice and humans have strongly supported the notion that uterine immunity during pregnancy determines the health trajectory of the offspring and significantly impacts cognitive function and mental health. Importantly, IL-17a producing Th17 T cells have been projected as the main contributors to heterogeneous pathological and behavioral phenotypes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, since normal pregnancy is associated with little or no Th17 cells at the maternal-fetal interface, it is not clear how and when the Th17 T cells are generated and which interventions can ameliorate the ASD-like features in newborns. We propose that infection-associated uterine immune activation within a critical window of development may propel trans-differentiation of Th17 T cells that eventually affect fetal brain development and induce ASD-like behavioral phenotype in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Jash
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
On use of animal models. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:207-227. [PMID: 32691841 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human pregnancy, critical for our species survival, is inefficient and prone to complications such as infertility, spontaneous miscarriages and preeclampsia (PE). Immunological factors may be important as the embryo is 50% paternal and foreign to the mother. Mouse pregnancy models, and in particular the murine CBA/J x DBA/2 mating combination, has been widely used to investigate mechanisms causing and preventing partner-specific recurrent miscarriages (RM) and PE. Occult losses can represent T cell-mediated rejection, and antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) with classical αβ T cell receptors (TcR) activated by semen antigens at the time of mating are protective. If there is no occult loss, an inadequate Treg response can also predispose to RM. In RM, proinflammatory cytokines from natural killer (NK)-type cells and macrophages of the innate immune system are responsible and cells with γδ TcR protect via release of TGF-β-type molecules. Immunization of abortion-prone female CBA/J mice or administration of cell-associated or soluble CD200, an immune check point inhibitor, can prevent abortions by augmenting uterine decidual suppressor cell activity. Human studies suggest that is also true in couples with RM. Environmental activators of the innate immune system, such as bacterial LPS and stress, can cause abortions as well as occult losses. The endogenous level of Tregs and activation of Tregs specific for the male H-Y antigen may determine success rates and alter the male:female birth ratio. Intralipid alters LPS clearance, prevents abortions in the CBAxDBA/2 model, and is effective in increasing live birth rates in couples undergoing IVF treatment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yao T, Hou H, Liu G, Wu J, Qin Z, Sun Y, Jin X, Chen J, Chen Y, Xu Z. Quantitative proteomics suggest a potential link between early embryonic death and trisomy 16. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1116-1126. [PMID: 30922443 DOI: 10.1071/rd17319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling, alteration of the uterine microenvironment and a reduction in human chorionic gonadotrophin production have been linked with fetal trisomy 16-induced early embryonic death (EED). However, the detailed biological mechanism of EED remains unclear. Using quantitative proteomics we successfully screened differentially expressed proteins in the villous tissues from patients with EED and fetal trisomy 16 (EEDT16), patients with EED but normal fetal chromosomes (EEDNC) and patients undergoing elective abortion with normal fetal chromosomes (EANC) as the reference group. Compared with the reference group, we identified 337 and 220 differentially expressed proteins in EEDT16 patients and EEDNC patients respectively; these were involved in critical biological processes including immune response, superoxide metabolism, inflammatory responses and so on. We found that differential expression of immunological function-related molecules, such as human leukocyte antigen-g (HLA-G), HLA-C, Fc Fragment Of IgG Receptor III (FcγR III), also named CD16, interleukin 18 (IL-18) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), might induce EED in both EEDT16 and EEDNC patients. More severe immunological dysfunction was observed in EEDT16 patients than that in EEDNC patients. Furthermore, differential expression of implantation and invasion-related molecules, such as cytochrome b-245 light chain (CYBA), neutrophil cytosol factor 2 (NCF2), Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) might induce EED in both EEDT16 and EEDNC patients, although more severe dysfunction in the implantation and invasion ability of villous tissues was observed in EEDT16 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, No. 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China; and Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Haiyan Hou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force Logistics College, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Guozhong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CongraMarie Women and Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Program in Public Health, Anteater Instruction & Research Bldg (AIRB) # 2034, University of California, Irvine CA 92697-3957, USA
| | - Zhe Qin
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force Logistics College, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force Logistics College, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Xiaohan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force Logistics College, Tianjin 300162, China; and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Centre, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force Logistics College, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force Logistics College, Tianjin 300162, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Zhongwei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force Logistics College, Tianjin 300162, China; and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Centre, Tianjin 300162, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dang D, Wang L, Zhang C, Li Z, Wu H. Potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on fetuses and newborns are worthy of attention. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:1951-1957. [PMID: 32779309 PMCID: PMC7436741 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in a major epidemic threat worldwide. However, the effects of neoviruses on infected pregnant women and especially on their fetuses and newborns are not well understood. Most up‐to‐date evidences about how SARS‐CoV‐2 affected patients especially in pregnancy were collected by conducting a comprehensive search of medical literature electronic databases. Immune‐related data of pregnant women, fetuses and newborns were further analysis. According to the limited literature, SARS‐CoV‐2 utilizes angiotensin converting enzyme 2 as its receptor and causes severe hypoxemia. Insufficiency of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in pregnant women and the effects of hypoxia on the placental oxygen supply will cause severe perinatal complications. In addition, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may disrupt maternal‐fetal immune tolerance and cause immunological damage to embryos. Because of these reasons, pregnancy complications such as fetal demise or premature birth, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, respiratory dyspnea, nervous system dysplasia and immune system defects are likely to occur in pregnant women with COVID‐19 or their newborns. Pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 should be treated as a special group and given special attention. Fetuses and newborns of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pregnant women should be given more protection to reduce the occurrence of adverse events. In this review, we intend to provide an overview of the physiological and immunological changes that induce the pregnancy complications. This article will benefit the treatment and prognosis of fetuses and newborns of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dang
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schuster J, Cheng SB, Padbury J, Sharma S. Placental extracellular vesicles and pre-eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13297. [PMID: 32619308 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy characterized by new-onset hypertension, with either proteinuria and/or organ dysfunction. Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. There is consensus that the underlying mechanism(s) resulting in pre-eclampsia is centered around abnormal placentation, inadequate spiral-artery remodeling, and deficiency in trophoblast invasion, resulting in impaired maternal blood flow to the placenta and a release of signals and/or inflammatory mediators into maternal circulation triggering the systemic manifestations of pre-eclampsia. ER stress, resulting in impaired autophagy and placental release of aggregated proteins, may also confer systemic stress to maternal organs in pre-eclampsia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid-bilayer enclosed structures containing macromolecules including proteins, miRNA, and other important nucleotides, have been suggested to play an important role in this maternal-fetal communication. Circulating EVs are present in greater quantity in the plasma of pre-eclampsia subjects compared to normal pregnancy, and the placental derived EVs have been shown to have altered protein and RNA cargo. In this review, we will focus on EVs and their role in pre-eclampsia, specifically their role in immune responses, inflammation, altered angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ravi K, Chan CYS, Akoto C, Zhang W, Vatish M, Norris SA, Klenerman P, Hemelaar J. Changes in the Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cell compartment in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth in HIV-positive women. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 83:e13240. [PMID: 32255246 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB), despite viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an immune cell subset involved in antimicrobial immunity at mucosal surfaces. MAIT cells have been found at the maternal-foetal interface, and MAIT cells are typically depleted early in HIV infection. We aimed to investigate changes in MAIT cells in relation to maternal HIV/ART status and PTB. METHOD OF STUDY We conducted flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood samples from 47 HIV-positive (HIV+) and 45 HIV-negative (HIV-) pregnant women enrolled in a prospective pregnancy cohort study in Soweto, South Africa. Frequencies of Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cells and proportions of CD4+ , CD8+ and double-negative MAIT cells were compared between women with and without HIV infection, and between women with and without PTB or spontaneous preterm labour (Sp-PTL). RESULTS Although overall MAIT cell frequencies were the same between HIV+ and HIV- patients, HIV+ patients had a higher proportion of CD8+ MAIT cells in the first two trimesters. Women with PTB and Sp-PTL also had a higher proportion of CD8+ MAIT cells in the first trimester compared to women without these outcomes. The association between changes in MAIT cell subsets and PTB/Sp-PTL was present in both HIV+ and HIV- women, and an additive effect on MAIT cell subsets was seen in women with both HIV infection and PTB. CONCLUSIONS Interactions between HIV-related and pregnancy-related changes in MAIT cell subsets and distribution may lead to imbalances in peripheral MAIT cell subsets in early pregnancy. This may contribute to the increased risk of PTB in HIV+ patients by altering the overall functionality of the peripheral MAIT cell compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krithi Ravi
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Y S Chan
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlene Akoto
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Shane A Norris
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Joris Hemelaar
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bankers L, Miller C, Liu G, Thongkittidilok C, Morrison J, Poeschla EM. Development of IFN-Stimulated Gene Expression from Embryogenesis through Adulthood, with and without Constitutive MDA5 Pathway Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2791-2807. [PMID: 32277054 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g., dsRNA) activate expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which protect hosts from infection. Although transient ISG upregulation is essential for effective innate immunity, constitutive activation typically causes harmful autoimmunity in mice and humans, often including severe developmental abnormalities. We have shown that transgenic mice expressing a picornavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) outside the viral context (RdRP mice) exhibit constitutive, MDA5-dependent, and quantitatively dramatic upregulation of many ISGs, which confers broad viral infection resistance. Remarkably, RdRP mice never develop autoinflammation, interferonopathy, or other discernible abnormalities. In this study, we used RNA sequencing and other methods to analyze ISG expression across five time points from fetal development to adulthood in wild-type and RdRP mice. In RdRP mice, the proportion of upregulated ISGs increased during development, with the most dramatic induction occurring 2 wk postnatally. The amplified ISG profile is then maintained lifelong. Molecular pathways and biological functions associated with innate immune and IFN signaling are only activated postnatally, suggesting constrained fetal responsiveness to innate immune stimuli. Biological functions supporting replication of viruses are only inhibited postnatally. We further determined that the RdRP is expressed at low levels and that blocking Ifnar1 reverses the amplified ISG transcriptome in adults. In conclusion, the upregulated ISG profile of RdRP mice is mostly triggered early postnatally, is maintained through adulthood, and requires ongoing type I IFN signaling to maintain it. The model provides opportunities to study the systems biology of innate immunity and to determine how sustained ISG upregulation can be compatible with robust health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bankers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Caitlin Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Guoqi Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Chommanart Thongkittidilok
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - James Morrison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eric M Poeschla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Buchrieser J, Degrelle SA, Couderc T, Nevers Q, Disson O, Manet C, Donahue DA, Porrot F, Hillion KH, Perthame E, Arroyo MV, Souquere S, Ruigrok K, Dupressoir A, Heidmann T, Montagutelli X, Fournier T, Lecuit M, Schwartz O. IFITM proteins inhibit placental syncytiotrophoblast formation and promote fetal demise. SCIENCE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 365:176-180. [PMID: 31296770 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw7733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of type I interferon (IFN) during pregnancy are associated with intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, and fetal demise through mechanisms that are not well understood. A critical step of placental development is the fusion of trophoblast cells into a multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (ST) layer. Fusion is mediated by syncytins, proteins deriving from ancestral endogenous retroviral envelopes. Using cultures of human trophoblasts or mouse cells, we show that IFN-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs), a family of restriction factors blocking the entry step of many viruses, impair ST formation and inhibit syncytin-mediated fusion. Moreover, the IFN inducer polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid promotes fetal resorption and placental abnormalities in wild-type but not in Ifitm-deleted mice. Thus, excessive levels of IFITMs may mediate the pregnancy complications observed during congenital infections and other IFN-induced pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Buchrieser
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. .,CNRS-UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Séverine A Degrelle
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1117, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Nevers
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS-UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1117, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Manet
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniel A Donahue
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS-UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS-UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Kenzo-Hugo Hillion
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Emeline Perthame
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marlene V Arroyo
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS-UMR3569, Paris, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sylvie Souquere
- Plateforme de Microscopie Electronique Cellulaire, UMS AMMICA, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Katinka Ruigrok
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology Unit and CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Anne Dupressoir
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, CNRS UMR 9196, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 9196, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Thierry Heidmann
- Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, CNRS UMR 9196, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 9196, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1117, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. .,CNRS-UMR3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baines KJ, Rampersaud AM, Hillier DM, Jeyarajah MJ, Grafham GK, Eastabrook G, Lacefield JC, Renaud SJ. Antiviral Inflammation during Early Pregnancy Reduces Placental and Fetal Growth Trajectories. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:694-706. [PMID: 31882516 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses are detrimental to pregnancy and negatively affect fetal growth and development. What is not well understood is how virus-induced inflammation impacts fetal-placental growth and developmental trajectories, particularly when inflammation occurs in early pregnancy during nascent placental and embryo development. To address this issue, we simulated a systemic virus exposure in early pregnant rats (gestational day 8.5) by administering the viral dsRNA mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C). Maternal exposure to PolyI:C induced a potent antiviral response and hypoxia in the early pregnant uterus, containing the primordial placenta and embryo. Maternal PolyI:C exposure was associated with decreased expression of the maternally imprinted genes Mest, Sfrp2, and Dlk1, which encode proteins critical for placental growth. Exposure of pregnant dams to PolyI:C during early pregnancy reduced fetal growth trajectories throughout gestation, concomitant with smaller placentas, and altered placental structure at midgestation. No detectable changes in placental hemodynamics were observed, as determined by ultrasound biomicroscopy. An antiviral response was not evident in rat trophoblast stem (TS) cells following exposure to PolyI:C, or to certain PolyI:C-induced cytokines including IL-6. However, TS cells expressed high levels of type I IFNR subunits (Ifnar1 and Ifnar2) and responded to IFN-⍺ by increasing expression of IFN-stimulated genes and decreasing expression of genes associated with the TS stem state, including Mest IFN-⍺ also impaired the differentiation capacity of TS cells. These results suggest that an antiviral inflammatory response in the conceptus during early pregnancy impacts TS cell developmental potential and causes latent placental development and reduced fetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Baines
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Amanda M Rampersaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Dendra M Hillier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Grace K Grafham
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Genevieve Eastabrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6H 5W9.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada N6C 2V5
| | - James C Lacefield
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7; and.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1; .,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada N6C 2V5
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tome S, Sasaki T, Takahashi S, Takei Y. Elevated maternal retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt enhances the effect of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in inducing fetal loss. Exp Anim 2019; 68:491-497. [PMID: 31178537 PMCID: PMC6842800 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been suggested to play a crucial role in various
complications during pregnancy by participating in maternal immune activation (MIA). To
test a possible role for Th17 cells in MIA-mediated abortion, we analyzed transgenic mice
overexpressing retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt), a master
regulator of IL-17 producing cell development. These mutant mice (RORγt Tg mice) exhibited
a constitutive upregulation of serum IL-17A and decreased E-cadherin expression in
cell–cell junctions of placental tissues. Abortion after the administration of a
viral-mimicking synthetic double-stranded RNA polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid was more
frequent in RORγt Tg mice than wild-type mice. These results suggest that excessive Th17
cell activity alters immune responsiveness and increases the rate of abortion during
gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Tome
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Kansei, Behavioral, and Brain Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Kansei, Behavioral, and Brain Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takei
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Kansei, Behavioral, and Brain Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Haida O, Al Sagheer T, Balbous A, Francheteau M, Matas E, Soria F, Fernagut PO, Jaber M. Sex-dependent behavioral deficits and neuropathology in a maternal immune activation model of autism. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:124. [PMID: 30923308 PMCID: PMC6438965 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections during gestation and the consequent maternal immune activation (MIA) increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders in infants and throughout life, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects three times more males than females and is mainly characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted interests. Consistent findings also indicate that ASD patients suffer from movement disorders, although these symptoms are not yet considered as diagnosis criteria. Here we used the double-stranded RNA analog polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) MIA animal model of ASD in mice and explored its effects in males and females on social and motor behavior. We then investigated brain areas implicated in controlling and coordinating movements, namely the nigro-striatal pathway, motor cortex and cerebellum. We show that male mice are more affected by this treatment than females as they show reduced social interactions as well as motor development and coordination deficits. Reduced numbers of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum was found more widespread and within distinct lobules in males than in females. Moreover, a reduced number of neurons was found in the motor cortex of males only. These results suggest that females are better protected against developmental insults leading to ASD symptoms in mice. They also point to brain areas that may be targeted to better manage social and motor consequences of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obelia Haida
- 0000 0001 2160 6368grid.11166.31Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Tareq Al Sagheer
- 0000 0001 2160 6368grid.11166.31Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Anais Balbous
- 0000 0001 2160 6368grid.11166.31Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France ,0000 0000 9336 4276grid.411162.1CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Maureen Francheteau
- 0000 0001 2160 6368grid.11166.31Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Emmanuel Matas
- 0000 0001 2160 6368grid.11166.31Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Federico Soria
- grid.462010.1Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Fernagut
- 0000 0001 2160 6368grid.11166.31Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France ,grid.462010.1Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France. .,CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Filipovic I, Chiossone L, Vacca P, Hamilton RS, Ingegnere T, Doisne JM, Hawkes DA, Mingari MC, Sharkey AM, Moretta L, Colucci F. Molecular definition of group 1 innate lymphoid cells in the mouse uterus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4492. [PMID: 30374017 PMCID: PMC6206068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the function of uterine lymphocytes is challenging because of the dynamic changes in response to sex hormones and, during pregnancy, to the invading foetal trophoblast cells. Here we provide a genome-wide transcriptome atlas of mouse uterine group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) at mid-gestation. Tissue-resident Eomes+CD49a+ NK cells (trNK), which resemble human uterine NK cells, are most abundant during early pregnancy, and have gene signatures associated with TGF-β responses and interactions with trophoblast, epithelial, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, leucocytes and extracellular matrix. Conventional NK cells expand late in gestation and may engage in crosstalk with trNK cells involving IL-18 and IFN-γ. Eomes-CD49a+ ILC1s dominate before puberty, and specifically expand in second pregnancies when the expression of the memory cell marker CXCR6 is upregulated. These results identify trNK cells as the cellular hub of uterine group 1 ILCs, and mark CXCR6+ ILC1s as potential memory cells of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Filipovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Laura Chiossone
- G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, 16147, Genoa, Italy
- Innate Pharma Research Labs, Innate Pharma, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Paola Vacca
- Policlinico San Martino IRCCS per l'Oncologia, Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Russell S Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Tiziano Ingegnere
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Delia A Hawkes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Policlinico San Martino IRCCS per l'Oncologia, Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrew M Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yockey LJ, Iwasaki A. Interferons and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Pregnancy and Fetal Development. Immunity 2018; 49:397-412. [PMID: 30231982 PMCID: PMC6152841 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Successful pregnancy requires carefully-coordinated communications between the mother and fetus. Immune cells and cytokine signaling pathways participate as mediators of these communications to promote healthy pregnancy. At the same time, certain infections or inflammatory conditions in pregnant mothers cause severe disease and have detrimental impacts on the developing fetus. In this review, we examine evidence for the role of maternal and fetal immune responses affecting pregnancy and fetal development, both under homeostasis and following infection. We discuss immune responses that are necessary to promote healthy pregnancy and those that lead to congenital disorders and pregnancy complications, with a particular emphasis on the role of interferons and cytokines. Understanding the contributions of the immune system in pregnancy and fetal development provides important insights into the pathogenesis underlying maternal and fetal diseases and sheds insights on possible targets for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Yockey
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng SB, Davis S, Sharma S. Maternal-fetal cross talk through cell-free fetal DNA, telomere shortening, microchimerism, and inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12851. [PMID: 29577468 PMCID: PMC5908740 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There exists a strong correlation between unscheduled inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface and the continuum of pregnancy complications. In normal pregnancy, immunological tolerance is established to protect the semi-allogeneic fetus. There has been extensive research on how the immunity, endovascular trophoblast migration, and hormonal nexus are orchestrated during pregnancy at the maternal-fetal interface to program a normal pregnancy outcome. It is not clear what contributes to the plasticity of uterine immune tolerance, fetal survial, and long-term post-partum health of the mother and the offspring. Old and new concepts have reemerged and emerged that include cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), telomere shortening, microchimerism involving bidirectional migration of maternal and fetal cells, and pregnancy as a stress factor. The question is how these pathways converge in a gestational age-dependent manner to contribute to the health of the mother and the offspring later in life and respond to an array of inflammatory challenges. In this Review, we provide pertinent discussion on maternal-fetal cross talk through cffDNA, telomere shortening, and microchimerism in the context of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory settings, particularly how these pathways lead to normal and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yockey LJ, Jurado KA, Arora N, Millet A, Rakib T, Milano KM, Hastings AK, Fikrig E, Kong Y, Horvath TL, Weatherbee S, Kliman HJ, Coyne CB, Iwasaki A. Type I interferons instigate fetal demise after Zika virus infection. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaao1680. [PMID: 29305462 PMCID: PMC6049088 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including microcephaly, growth restriction, and fetal demise. Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential for host resistance against ZIKV, and IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice are highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. Severe fetal growth restriction with placental damage and fetal resorption is observed after ZIKV infection of type I IFN receptor knockout (Ifnar1-/-) dams mated with wild-type sires, resulting in fetuses with functional type I IFN signaling. The role of type I IFNs in limiting or mediating ZIKV disease within this congenital infection model remains unknown. In this study, we challenged Ifnar1-/- dams mated with Ifnar1+/- sires with ZIKV. This breeding scheme enabled us to examine pregnant dams that carry a mixture of fetuses that express (Ifnar1+/-) or do not express IFNAR (Ifnar1-/-) within the same uterus. Virus replicated to a higher titer in the placenta of Ifnar1-/- than within the Ifnar1+/- concepti. Yet, rather unexpectedly, we found that only Ifnar1+/- fetuses were resorbed after ZIKV infection during early pregnancy, whereas their Ifnar1-/- littermates continue to develop. Analyses of the fetus and placenta revealed that, after ZIKV infection, IFNAR signaling in the conceptus inhibits development of the placental labyrinth, resulting in abnormal architecture of the maternal-fetal barrier. Exposure of midgestation human chorionic villous explants to type I IFN, but not type III IFNs, altered placental morphology and induced cytoskeletal rearrangements within the villous core. Our results implicate type I IFNs as a possible mediator of pregnancy complications, including spontaneous abortions and growth restriction, in the context of congenital viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Yockey
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kellie A Jurado
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nitin Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Alon Millet
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tasfia Rakib
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kristin M Milano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrew K Hastings
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Scott Weatherbee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Harvey J Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu SX, Zhou FH, Chen W, Jiang GM, Du CT, Hu GQ, Liu ZZ, Yan SQ, Gu JM, Deng XM, Lin TJ, Duan EK, Yang YJ. Decidual Stromal Cell Necroptosis Contributes to Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid-Triggered Abnormal Murine Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:916. [PMID: 28824641 PMCID: PMC5539177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents can reach the placenta either via the maternal blood or by ascending the genito-urinary tract, and then initially colonizing the maternal decidua. Decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are the major cellular component of the decidua. Although DSCs at the maternal–fetal interface contribute to the regulation of immunity in pregnancy in the face of immunological and physiological challenges, the roles of these DSCs during viral infection remain ill defined. Here, we characterized the response of DSCs to a synthetic double-stranded RNA molecule, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], which is a mimic of viral infection. We demonstrated that both transfection of cells with poly(I:C) and addition of extracellular (non-transfected) poly(I:C) trigger the necroptosis of DSCs and that this response is dependent on RIG-I-like receptor/IPS-1 signaling and the toll-like receptor 3/TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β pathway, respectively. Furthermore, following poly(I:C) challenge, pregnant mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein-deficient mice had fewer necrotic cells in the mesometrial decidual layer, as well as milder pathological changes in the uterine unit, than did wild-type mice. Collectively, our results establish that necroptosis is a contributing factor in poly(I:C)-triggered abnormal pregnancy and thereby indicate a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing the severity of the adverse effects of viral infections in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Xing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Mei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chong-Tao Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Qiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Qing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Min Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu-Ming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - En-Kui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qi X, Lei M, Qin L, Xie M, Zhao D, Wang J. Endogenous TWEAK is critical for regulating the function of mouse uterine natural killer cells in an immunological model of pregnancy loss. Immunology 2016; 148:70-82. [PMID: 27040357 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are the most abundant lymphocyte population in the feto-maternal interface during early gestation, and uNK cells play a significant role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy-related vascularization, as well as in tolerance to the fetus. Tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible molecule (Fn14), are involved in preventing local cytotoxicity and counterbalancing the cytotoxic function of uNK cells. Here, we studied the regulation of TWEAK/Fn14-mediated innate immunity in the uterus using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of abortion in pregnant mice. Specifically, we detected the expression of TWEAK and Fn14 in the uterus and in uNK cells following LPS treatment. Our results revealed that TWEAK and Fn14 are expressed by uNK cells in pregnant mice; in particular, it appears that the cytokine TWEAK is primarily derived from uNK cells. Interestingly, the down-regulation of TWEAK in uNK cells and the up-regulation of the Fn14 receptor in the uterus in LPS-treated mice may contribute to the disruption of decidual homeostasis by altering uNK cell cytotoxicity - ultimately leading to fetal rejection. In conclusion, the present study strongly suggests that the TWEAK-Fn14 axis in uNK cells is involved in maintaining the tolerance necessary for successful pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingzhu Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengjie Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Clark DA. Mouse is the new woman? Translational research in reproductive immunology. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:651-668. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
27
|
Saito S, Shima T, Nakashima A, Inada K, Yoshino O. Role of Paternal Antigen-Specific Treg Cells in Successful Implantation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:310-6. [PMID: 26706630 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal lymphocytes recognize fetal antigens, so tolerance is necessary to prevent rejection. Seminal plasma is important for induction of paternal antigen-specific Treg cells in the uterine draining lymph nodes and the pregnant uterus. Elimination of Treg cells during implantation or early pregnancy induces implantation failure or fetal resorption in mice. Immunosuppressive therapy with an anti-TNF antibody or the immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus improves the pregnancy rate in women with repeated implantation failure and recurrent pregnancy loss of unknown etiology, suggesting that Treg cells play an essential role in successful implantation and pregnancy in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Nakashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Inada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kieckbusch J, Balmas E, Hawkes DA, Colucci F. Disrupted PI3K p110δ Signaling Dysregulates Maternal Immune Cells and Increases Fetal Mortality In Mice. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2817-28. [PMID: 26711346 PMCID: PMC4700049 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune cells are an integral part of reproduction, but how they might cause pregnancy complications remains elusive. Macrophages and their dual function in inflammation and tissue repair are thought to play key yet undefined roles. Altered perinatal growth underpins adult morbidity, and natural killer (NK) cells may sustain fetal growth by establishing the placental blood supply. Using a mouse model of genetic inactivation of PI3K p110δ, a key intracellular signaling molecule in leukocytes, we show that p110δ regulates macrophage dynamics and NK-cell-mediated arterial remodeling. The uterus of dams with inactive p110δ had decreased IFN-γ and MHC class IIlow macrophages but enhanced IL-6. Poor vascular remodeling and a pro-inflammatory uterine milieu resulted in fetal death or growth retardation. Our results provide one mechanism that explains how imbalanced adaptations of maternal innate immune cells to gestation affect offspring well-being with consequence perinatally and possibly into adulthood. Genetic inactivation of p110δ in pregnant mice perturbs maternal immune cells Uterine NK cells produce less cytokines, resulting in fetal growth restriction Inflammatory macrophages are overrepresented, resulting in increased fetal loss
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kieckbusch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Elisa Balmas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Delia A Hawkes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Is parturition-timing machinery related to the number of inhibitor CD94/NKG2A positive uterine natural killer cells? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 294:261-5. [PMID: 26660880 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prematurity is the most common cause of infant mortality and morbidity. To prevent this, the timing of parturition and its mechanisms should be understood. It is likely that inhibitor CD94/NKG2A positive decidual natural killer cells (uNK) provide for the continuation of pregnancy. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether CD94/NKG2A positive uNK cells are highest in elective cesarian section (C/S) (suggesting ongoing gestation), moderate in normal full-term birth, and lowest in pre-eclamptic parturition. METHODS Of 48 pregnant women, 21 C/S, 16 normal, and 11 pre-eclamptic deliveries were included in this study. Five placentas in each group were assigned randomly. After staining, the volumetric analysis of the placental villi and villous blood vessels was performed via the Cavalieri principle. The CD94/NKG2A positive uNK cells were counted using the physical disector method. RESULTS The gestation periods and birth weights of the pre-eclamptic deliveries were lower than those of the other two groups. Additionally, the villi and villous vascular volumes were lowest in the pre-eclamptic placentas. As proposed in our hypothesis, the inhibitor CD94/NKG2A positive uNK cells were the highest in the C/S, moderate in the normal, and lowest in the pre-eclamptic placentas. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CD94/NKG2A positive uNK cells are related with the continuation of pregnancy, and that our human model could be used to search for parturition-timing machinery. We believe that CD94/NKG2A positive uNK cells are also related to the timing of birth.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kang X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Xu H, Wang T, He L, Zhao A. Excessive TLR9 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion through impairment of Treg cell survival by activation of Caspase 8/3. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:285-292. [PMID: 26563540 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pregnant uterine microenvironment is repleted with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), however, their roles of these receptors in establishing tolerance to growing fetus are largely unknown. RESULT Decidual TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR8 and TLR9 gene expressions were significantly over-expressed in patients of spontaneous abortion compared with elective abortion with normal pregnancy. In particular, the expression of TLR4 and TLR9 mRNA was considerably higher than that of remaining TLRs. We mimic TLR9 signal with combination of its pathogenic ligand CpG ODN and antagonists ODN in a well-established abortion-prone CBA/J×DBA/2 model. CpG ODN dramatically boosted fetal loss and lowered the proportion of Regulatory cells (Treg cells) in vivo. CpG ODN directly triggered the impaired survival and increased activity of Caspase 8/3 of Treg cells in vitro. These effects were blocked by antagonist ODN. CONCLUSION Excessive TLR9 signaling contributed to maternal-fetal tolerance disruption via an effect on Treg cell survival by activation of Caspase 8/3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Zhilan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Haijing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Tongfei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Liying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu X, Zhao M, Yang X, Han M, Xu X, Jiang Y, Hu X. Toxoplasma gondii infection of decidual CD1c(+) dendritic cells enhances cytotoxicity of decidual natural killer cells. Inflammation 2015; 37:1261-70. [PMID: 24573986 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is crosstalk between decidual natural killer (dNK) cells and decidual dendritic cells (dDCs) that promotes tolerance of trophoblast cells carrying paternally derived antigens. In the present study, we report that infection of CD1c(+) dDCs with Toxoplasma gondii enhanced gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by dNK cells in co-culture. The enhancement of IFN-γ production was induced by cytokine IL-12 which increased obviously in co-culture of dDCs with dNK cells following T. gondii infection, and this enhancement largely abrogated when cells were cultured in the presence of an anti-IL-12 antibody. The expression of KIR2DL4 and NKG2D on dNK cells was increased after T. gondii infection, and higher expression of NKG2D was induced by co-cultured dDCs. Neutralization of IL-12 decreased NKG2D expression on dNK cells. Furthermore, dDCs with T. gondii infection increased the cytotoxicity of co-cultured dNK cells against K562 target cells, which was mediated by activating receptor of NKG2D. Thus, T. gondii infection of dDCs enhanced dNK cell IFN-γ production and NKG2D expression, and then led to increased cytotoxicity of dNK cells. The up-regulated dNK cell cytotoxicity at the maternal-fetal interface may contribute to abnormal pregnancy outcomes caused by T. gondii infection in early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbing Liu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, No.346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tessier DR, Yockell-Lelièvre J, Gruslin A. Uterine Spiral Artery Remodeling: The Role of Uterine Natural Killer Cells and Extravillous Trophoblasts in Normal and High-Risk Human Pregnancies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 74:1-11. [PMID: 25472023 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of uterine spiral artery remodeling in the first trimester of human pregnancy is an essential part of establishing adequate blood perfusion of the placenta that will allow optimal nutrient/waste exchange to meet fetal demands during later development. Key regulators of spiral artery remodeling are the uterine natural killer cells and the invasive extravillous trophoblasts. The functions of these cells as well as regulation of their activation states and temporal regulation of their localization within the uterine tissue are beginning to be known. In this review, we discuss the roles of these two cell lineages in arterial remodeling events, their interaction/influence on one another and the outcomes of altered temporal, and spatial regulation of these cells in pregnancy complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Tessier
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrée Gruslin
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Newborn Care, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Inada K, Shima T, Ito M, Ushijima A, Saito S. Helios-positive functional regulatory T cells are decreased in decidua of miscarriage cases with normal fetal chromosomal content. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 107:10-9. [PMID: 25453751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory (Treg) T cells play essential roles in the maintenance of allogeneic pregnancy in mice and humans. Recent data show that Foxp3 expression occurs in both immuno-suppressive Treg and -nonsuppressive effector T (Teff) cells upon activation in humans. Samstein et al. (2012) reported that inducible Treg (iTreg) cells enforce maternal-fetal tolerance in placental mammals. Therefore, we should reanalyze which types of Treg cell play an important role in the maintenance of allogeneic pregnancy. In this study, we studied the frequencies of naïve Treg cells, effector Treg cells, Foxp3(+) Teff cells, Helios(+) naturally occurring Treg (nTreg) cells, and Helios(-) iTreg cells using flow cytometry. The frequencies of effector Treg cells and Foxp3(+) Teff cells among CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells in the decidua of miscarriage cases with a normal embryo karyotype (n=8) were significantly lower (P=0.0105) and significantly higher (P=0.0258) than those in normally progressing pregnancies (n=11), respectively. However, these frequencies in miscarriages with an abnormal embryo karyotype (n=15) were similar to those in normally progressing pregnancies. The frequencies of these cell populations in the three groups were unchanged in peripheral blood; on the other hand, most of the effector Treg cells in the decidua were Helios(+) nTreg cells and these frequencies were significantly higher than those in peripheral blood, while those among effector Treg and naïve Treg cells in the decidua and peripheral blood were similar among the three groups. These data suggest that decreased Helios(+) effector nTreg might play an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Inada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akemi Ushijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cheng SB, Sharma S. Interleukin-10: a pleiotropic regulator in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:487-500. [PMID: 25269386 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique and well-choreographed physiological process that involves intricate interplay of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieu, hormonal changes, and cellular and molecular events at the maternal-fetal interface. IL-10 is a pregnancy compatible cytokine that plays a vital role in maintaining immune tolerance. A wide array of cell types including both immune and non-immune cells secret IL-10 in an autocrine and paracrine manner. IL-10 binds to a specific receptor complex and activates JAK-STAT and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways while inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. IL-10 exerts its anti-inflammatory effects mainly by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, by inducing heme oxygenase-1, and by inhibiting antigen presentation via blocking major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression. Prior studies from our group and others have shown that IL-10 also functions as a potent protector against vascular dysfunction, and enhancement of IL-10 may serve as an immunotherapeutic intervention to treat adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review seeks to critically evaluate the archetypal functions of IL-10 as an immune suppressive factor as well as its novel functions as a vascular protector and modulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in the context of normal and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ly49 receptors activate angiogenic mouse DBA⁺ uterine natural killer cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:467-76. [PMID: 24954223 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, specific patterns of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed by uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are linked through HLA-C with pregnancy complications (infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia). To identify mechanisms underpinning the associations between NK cell activation and pregnancy success, pregnancies were studied in mice with genetic knockdown (KD) of the MHC-activated Ly49 receptor gene family. B6.Ly49(KD) pregnancies were compared to normal control B6.Ly49(129) and C57BL/6 (B6) pregnancies. At mid-pregnancy (gestation day (gd9.5)), overall uNK cell (TCRβ(-)CD122(+)DBA(+)DX5(-) (DBA(+)DX5(-))) and TCRβ(-)CD122(+)DBA(-)DX5(+) (DBA(-)DX5(+))) frequencies in pregnant uterus were similar between genotypes. Ly49(KD) lowered the normal frequencies of Ly49(+) uNK cells from 90.3% to 47.8% in DBA(-)DX5(+) and 78.8% to 6.3% in DBA(+)DX5(-) uNK cell subtypes. B6.Ly49(KD) matings frequently resulted in expanded blastocysts that did not implant (subfertility). B6.Ly49(KD) mice that established pregnancy had gestational lengths and litter sizes similar to controls. B6.Ly49(KD) neonates, however, were heavier than controls. B6.Ly49(KD) implantation sites lagged in early (gd6.5) decidual angiogenesis and were deficient in mid-pregnancy (gd10.5) spiral arterial remodelling. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that B6.Ly49(KD) uNK cells had impaired granulogenesis, while immunocytochemistry revealed deficient vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGFA) production. Perforin and IFNG expression were normal in B6.Ly49(KD) uNK cells. Thus, in normal mouse pregnancies, Ly49 receptor signaling must promote implantation, early decidual angiogenesis and mid-pregnancy vascular remodelling. Disturbances in these functions may underlie the reported genetic associations between human pregnancy complications and the inability of specific conceptus MHCs to engage activating KIR on uNK cells.
Collapse
|
36
|
Chatterjee P, Chiasson VL, Bounds KR, Mitchell BM. Regulation of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-10 during Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:253. [PMID: 24904596 PMCID: PMC4034149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation mediated by both innate and adaptive immune cells is necessary for several important processes during pregnancy. Pro-inflammatory immune cell activation plays a critical role in embryo implantation, placentation, and parturition; however dysregulation of these cells can lead to detrimental pregnancy outcomes including spontaneous abortion, fetal growth restriction, maternal pathology including hypertensive disorders, or fetal and maternal death. The resolution of inflammation plays an important role throughout pregnancy and is largely mediated by immune cells that produce interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. The temporal and spatial aspects of reducing inflammation during pregnancy represent a complex process that if not functioning optimally can lead to persistent inflammation and pregnancy complications. In this review, we examine how immune cells that produce IL-4 and IL-10 are regulated throughout pregnancy as well as the effects that reduced IL-4 and IL-10 signaling has on fetal and maternal physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Chatterjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple, TX , USA ; Baylor Scott and White Health , Temple, TX , USA
| | - Valorie L Chiasson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple, TX , USA
| | - Kelsey R Bounds
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple, TX , USA
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple, TX , USA ; Baylor Scott and White Health , Temple, TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lin Z, Wang C, Xia H, Liu W, Xiao W, Qian L, Jia X, Ding Y, Ji M, Gong W. CD4(+) NKG2D(+) T cells induce NKG2D down-regulation in natural killer cells in CD86-RAE-1ε transgenic mice. Immunology 2014; 141:401-15. [PMID: 24708417 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of NKG2D to its ligands strengthens the cross-talk between natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells, particularly at early stages, before the initiation of the adaptive immune response. We found that retinoic acid early transcript-1ε (RAE-1ε), one of the ligands of NKG2D, was persistently expressed on antigen-presenting cells in a transgenic mouse model (pCD86-RAE-1ε). By contrast, NKG2D expression on NK cells, NKG2D-dependent cytotoxicity and tumour rejection, and dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis were all down-regulated in this mouse model. The down-regulation of NKG2D on NK cells was reversed by stimulation with poly (I:C). The ectopic expression of RAE-1ε on dendritic cells maintained NKG2D expression levels and stimulated the activity of NK cells ex vivo, but the higher frequency of CD4(+) NKG2D(+) T cells in transgenic mice led to the down-regulation of NKG2D on NK cells in vivo. Hence, high levels of RAE-1ε expression on antigen-presenting cells would be expected to induce the down-regulation of NK cell activation by a regulatory T-cell subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Early-life exposure to combustion-derived particulate matter causes pulmonary immunosuppression. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:694-704. [PMID: 24172848 PMCID: PMC3999175 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of combustion-derived particulate matter (CDPM) are a risk factor for the development of lung diseases such as asthma. Studies have shown that CDPM exacerbates asthma, inducing acute lung dysfunction and inflammation; however, the impact of CDPM exposure on early immunological responses to allergens remains unclear. To determine the effects of early-life CDPM exposure on allergic asthma development in infants, we exposed infant mice to CDPM and then induced a mouse model of asthma using house dust mite (HDM) allergen. Mice exposed to CDPM+HDM failed to develop a typical asthma phenotype including airway hyper-responsiveness, T-helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation, Muc5ac expression, eosinophilia, and HDM-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) compared with HDM-exposed mice. Although HDM-specific IgE was attenuated, total IgE was twofold higher in CDPM+HDM mice compared with HDM mice. We further demonstrate that CDPM exposure during early life induced an immunosuppressive environment in the lung, concurrent with increases in tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells, resulting in the suppression of Th2 responses. Despite having early immunosuppression, these mice develop severe allergic inflammation when challenged with allergen as adults. These findings demonstrate a mechanism whereby CDPM exposure modulates adaptive immunity, inducing specific antigen tolerance while amplifying total IgE, and leading to a predisposition to develop asthma upon rechallenge later in life.
Collapse
|
39
|
Sharma S. Natural killer cells and regulatory T cells in early pregnancy loss. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 58:219-29. [PMID: 25023688 PMCID: PMC4306453 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.140109ss] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Survival of the allogeneic embryo in the uterus depends on the maintenance of immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. The pregnant uterus is replete with activated maternal immune cells. How this immune tolerance is acquired and maintained has been a topic of intense investigation. The key immune cells that predominantly populate the pregnant uterus are natural killer (NK) cells. In normal pregnancy, these cells are not killers, but rather provide a microenvironment that is pregnancy compatible and supports healthy placentation. In placental mammals, an array of highly orchestrated immune elements to support successful pregnancy outcome has been incorporated. This includes active cooperation between maternal immune cells, particularly NK cells, and trophoblast cells. This intricate process is required for placentation, immune regulation and to remodel the blood supply to the fetus. During the past decade, various types of maternal immune cells have been thought to be involved in cross-talk with trophoblasts and in programming immune tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have attracted a great deal of attention in promoting implantation and immune tolerance beyond implantation. However, what has not been fully addressed is how this immune-trophoblast axis breaks down during adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly early pregnancy loss, and in response to unscheduled inflammation. Intense research efforts have begun to shed light on the roles of NK cells and Tregs in early pregnancy loss, although much remains to be unraveled in order to fully characterize the mechanisms underlying their detrimental activity. An increased understanding of host-environment interactions that lead to the cytotoxic phenotype of these otherwise pregnancy compatible maternal immune cells is important for prediction, prevention and treatment of pregnancy maladies, particularly recurrent pregnancy loss. In this review, we discuss relevant information from experimental and human models that may explain the pregnancy disrupting roles of these pivotal sentinel cells at the maternal-fetal interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Sharma
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Pediatrics, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Moore TC, Kumm PM, Brown DM, Petro TM. Interferon response factor 3 is crucial to poly-I:C induced NK cell activity and control of B16 melanoma growth. Cancer Lett 2013; 346:122-8. [PMID: 24368188 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Interferon Response Factor 3 (IRF3) induces several NK-cell activating factors, is activated by poly-I:C, an experimental cancer therapeutic, but is suppressed during many viral infections. IRF3 Knockout (KO) mice exhibited enhanced B16 melanoma growth, impaired intratumoral NK cell infiltration, but not an impaired poly-I:C therapeutic effect due to direct suppression of B16 growth. IRF3 was responsible for poly-I:C decrease in TIM-3 expression by intratumoral dendritic cells, induction of NK-cell Granzyme B and IFN-γ, and induction of macrophage IL-12, IL-15, IL-6, and IRF3-dependent NK-activating molecule (INAM). Thus, IRF3 is a key factor controlling melanoma growth through NK-cell activities, especially during poly-I:C therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | - Phyllis M Kumm
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States
| | - Deborah M Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | - Thomas M Petro
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States.
| |
Collapse
|