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Song XY, Sun Q, Wei SZ, Wang HR, Wang Y, Zhang WB, Ren C, Song XC, Mou YK. IL-6 mediates olfactory dysfunction in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148885. [PMID: 38531465 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-inflammatory response is a key element in the occurrence and development of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). As one of the core factors in immune-inflammatory responses, interleukin (IL)-6 is closely related to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. It may also play an important role in OD induced by diseases, such as Sjögren's syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019. However, there is no study has reported its role in OD in AR. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of IL-6 in AR-related OD, in an attempt to discover a new target for the prevention and treatment of OD in patients with AR. METHODS Differential expression analysis was performed using the public datasets GSE52804 and GSE140454 for AR, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by obtaining the intersection points between these two datasets. IL-6, a common differential factor, was obtained by intersecting the DEGs with the General Olfactory Sensitivity Database (GOSdb) again. A model of AR mice with OD was developed by sensitizing with ovalbumin (OVA) to verify the reliability of IL-6 as a key factor of OD in AR and explore the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, a supernatant and microglia co-culture model of nasal mucosa epithelial cells stimulated by the allergen house dust mite extract Derp1 was established to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms of IL-6-mediated OD in AR. RESULTS The level of IL-6 in the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb of AR mice with OD significantly increased and showed a positive correlation with the expression of olfactory bulb microglia marker Iba-1 and the severity of OD. In-vitro experiments showed that the level of IL-6 significantly increased in the supernatant after the nasal mucosa epithelial cells were stimulated by Derp1, along with significantly decreased barrier function of the nasal mucosa. The expression levels of neuroinflammatory markers IL-1β and INOS increased after a conditioned culture of microglia with the supernatant including IL-6. Then knockdown (KD) of IL-6R by small interfering RNA (siRNA), the expression of IL-1β and INOS significantly diminished. CONCLUSION IL-6 plays a key role in the occurrence and development of OD in AR, which may be related to its effect on olfactory bulb microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Shi-Zhuang Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Han-Rui Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China.
| | - Xi-Cheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China.
| | - Ya-Kui Mou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China.
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Gómez-Farto A, Jiménez-Escobar AL, Pérez-González N, Castán H, Clares B, Arias-Santiago S, Montero-Vílchez T. Development of an Emulgel for the Effective Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: Biocompatibility and Clinical Investigation. Gels 2024; 10:370. [PMID: 38920917 PMCID: PMC11202525 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common dermatological disease affecting both children and adults. No drug-free emulgel has been developed and studied in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of AD. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the efficacy of a topical emulgel containing hyaluronic acid, glycerol, Calendula officinalis, Aloe vera, polyphenols and EGF for the concomitant treatment in patients with AD aged over 14. Objective skin barrier function parameters were included, such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin temperature, pH, stratum corneum hydration, skin elasticity and erythema. The subjective opinion of the patients was determined including acceptability, absorption, comfort of use and tolerability, as well as the degree of improvement in patients' quality of life. We observed an improvement in the subjective parameters studied and statistically significant differences in the objective parameters. Specifically, we found an improvement in TEWL (p = 0.006), erythema (p = 0.008) and hydration (p < 0.001), parameters indicating an improvement in the epidermal barrier. One hundred per cent of patients were satisfied with the product. Therefore, these results suggest that the product may contribute to the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Farto
- Instituto de Investigación Biotecnológica, Farmacéutica y Medicamentos Huérfanos, S.L, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (A.L.J.-E.); (N.P.-G.); (H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Leticia Jiménez-Escobar
- Instituto de Investigación Biotecnológica, Farmacéutica y Medicamentos Huérfanos, S.L, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (A.L.J.-E.); (N.P.-G.); (H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Noelia Pérez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Biotecnológica, Farmacéutica y Medicamentos Huérfanos, S.L, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (A.L.J.-E.); (N.P.-G.); (H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Herminia Castán
- Instituto de Investigación Biotecnológica, Farmacéutica y Medicamentos Huérfanos, S.L, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (A.L.J.-E.); (N.P.-G.); (H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.A.-S.); (T.M.-V.)
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.A.-S.); (T.M.-V.)
- Department of Dermatology, Granada School of Medicine, Granada University, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Trinidad Montero-Vílchez
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (S.A.-S.); (T.M.-V.)
- Department of Dermatology, Granada School of Medicine, Granada University, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Boonpethkaew S, Meephansan J, Ponnikorn S, Jumlongpim O, Juntongjin P, Chakkavittumrong P, Wongpiyabovorn J, Morita A, Komine M. Exploring the role of growth factors as potential regulators in psoriatic plaque formation. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1924-1934. [PMID: 37665186 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which growth activity is more prominent than inflammatory activity at the centre of lesional skin (CE skin). This growth activity is partly influenced by growth factors (GFs) that play an important role in cell growth and inflammation during the plaque development. In this study, we identified potential GFs in CE skin and predicted their regulatory functions and biological activity in mediating transcripts in the plaques. Samples of uninvolved skin (UN skin) and CE skin were biopsied from patients with psoriasis vulgaris for RNA-sequencing analysis in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our finding revealed that epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signalling were enriched by CE/UN skin-derived DEGs. Additionally, several EGFR ligands, namely EGF, heparin-binding EGF like growth factor (HB-EGF), amphiregulin (AREG) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, as well as TGF-β1, TGF-β2, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, FGFs, PDGF-B and HGF, were predicted to be GF regulators. The regulatory pattern and biological activity of these GF regulators on mediating the CE/UN skin-derived DEGs was demonstrated. This study provides a novel hypothesis regarding the overall regulatory function of GFs, which appear to modulate the expression of the transcripts involved in inflammation and growth in the CE skin. In addition, some GFs may exert anti-inflammatory effects. Further investigations on the mechanisms underlying this regulation may contribute to a deeper understanding of psoriasis and the identification of potential therapeutic targets for patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphagan Boonpethkaew
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Jitlada Meephansan
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saranyoo Ponnikorn
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Onjira Jumlongpim
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Premjit Juntongjin
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Panlop Chakkavittumrong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jongkonnee Wongpiyabovorn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Disease, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Fadadu RP, Abuabara K, Balmes JR, Hanifin JM, Wei ML. Air Pollution and Atopic Dermatitis, from Molecular Mechanisms to Population-Level Evidence: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2526. [PMID: 36767891 PMCID: PMC9916398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased in prevalence to become the most common inflammatory skin condition globally, and geographic variation and migration studies suggest an important role for environmental triggers. Air pollution, especially due to industrialization and wildfires, may contribute to the development and exacerbation of AD. We provide a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of existing molecular and epidemiologic studies on the associations of air pollutants and AD symptoms, prevalence, incidence, severity, and clinic visits. Cell and animal studies demonstrated that air pollutants contribute to AD symptoms and disease by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, promoting oxidative stress, initiating a proinflammatory response, and disrupting the skin barrier function. Epidemiologic studies overall report that air pollution is associated with AD among both children and adults, though the results are not consistent among cross-sectional studies. Studies on healthcare use for AD found positive correlations between medical visits for AD and air pollutants. As the air quality worsens in many areas globally, it is important to recognize how this can increase the risk for AD, to be aware of the increased demand for AD-related medical care, and to understand how to counsel patients regarding their skin health. Further research is needed to develop treatments that prevent or mitigate air pollution-related AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj P. Fadadu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Katrina Abuabara
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John R. Balmes
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jon M. Hanifin
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Maria L. Wei
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Shin SH, Koh YG, Lee WG, Seok J, Park KY. The use of epidermal growth factor in dermatological practice. Int Wound J 2022. [PMID: 36584669 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a growth factor that plays a pivotal role in wound healing and maintaining tissue homeostasis by regulating cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Exogenous administration of bioidentical human recombinant epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) has been known to promote skin wound healing, although rhEGF is increasingly being used in drug delivery systems and nanotechnology. However, despite considerable attention being focused on the potential clinical applications of rhEGF in several dermatological conditions beyond wound healing, the number of studies still remains relatively low. Herein, we conducted a literature search of PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar databases to retrieve published literature related to rhEGF and summarised the effects of rhEGF in the treatment of various wound types, radiotherapy or chemotherapy-related skin reactions, atopic dermatitis, skin aging, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hye Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Gue Koh
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Geon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee HS, Kim EN, Jeong GS. Oral administration of Helianthus annuus leaf extract ameliorates atopic dermatitis by modulation of T cell activity in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154443. [PMID: 36108372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial disease that is highly involved in the activity of T cells from the skin lesion. Seeds of Helianthus annuus extract have been traditionally used as anti-inflammatory reagent but few studies have been reported on leaf of H. annuus that are discarded uselessly as an immunomodulator. PURPOSE Therefore, here, the regulatory effect of Helianthus annuus extract (HAE) on AD via suppression of T cell activity was investigated. METHODS The efficacy of HAE was evaluated in T cells stimulated with CD3/CD28 antibody and PMA/A23187. And demonstration of the alleviating effect of HAE on AD in the ears of Balb/c female mice stimulated with mite extract and DNCB. RESULTS Pre-treatment with HAE abrogates IL-2 production from activated T cells. It was also found that HAE suppresses the expression of surface molecules in activated T cells. Cell viability results demonstrated that HAE is not associated with cytotoxicity in resting and activated T cells. Besides, we exhibited that regulated phosphorylation of MAPK through TAK1-IKKα-NFκB by pre-treatment with HAE leads to the suppressive effect of HAE on T cell activation. Oral administration of HAE attenuates manifestations of AD including reduced thickness of dermis and epidermis, decreased IgE level in serum, and declined mRNA levels of atopic cytokines on ear tissues. The ameliorative effect of HAE on AD was found to be associated with suppressed activity of T cells from draining lymph nodes. CONCLUSION Therefore, our results provide that HAE alleviates AD symptoms via modulation of T cell activity. In addition, these results suggest the immunomodulatory effect of HAE on T-cell mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Lee
- Department of Physiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Comparison of transcriptomic profiles in edge to center of plaque reveals chronological molecular events in psoriatic plaque formation. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 108:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Marsella R, Ahrens K, Wilkes R. Differences in Behavior between Normal and Atopic Keratinocytes in Culture: Pilot Studies. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070329. [PMID: 35878346 PMCID: PMC9319359 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin barrier dysfunction is important in atopic dermatitis and can be secondary to inflammation. Observation of keratinocytes in culture may show intrinsic differences. TransEpithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) measures epithelial permeability. We cultured normal and atopic keratinocytes and found that TEER of atopic keratinocytes was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than that of normals. Atopic keratinocytes grew upwards, first creating isolated dome-like structures and later horizontally into a monolayer. At time of confluence (D0), atopic keratinocytes were more differentiated, with higher filaggrin gene expression than normals. No differences existed between groups for TJ proteins (claudin, occludin, and Zonula Occludens-1) on D0 and D6. On D6, claudin and occludin were higher than D0, in normal (p = 0.0296 and p = 0.0011) and atopic keratinocytes (p = 0.0348 and 0.0491). Immunofluorescent staining showed nuclear location of filaggrin on D0 and cytoplasmic on D6. ANOVA showed increased cell size from D0 to D6 in both groups (effect of time, p = 0.0076) but no differences between groups. Significant subject effect (p = 0.0022) was found, indicating that cell size was subject-dependent but not disease-dependent. No difference for continuity for TJ protein existed between groups. These observations suggest that decreased TEER in atopics is not linked to TJ differences but is possibly linked to different growth behavior.
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Timms K, Guo H, Arkwright P, Pennock J. Keratinocyte EGF signaling dominates in Atopic Dermatitis lesions: a comparative RNAseq analysis. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1373-1384. [PMID: 35538596 PMCID: PMC9545602 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) remains a highly heterogenous disorder with a multifactorial aetiology. Whilst keratinocytes are known to play a fundamental role in AD, their contribution to the overall immune landscape in moderate‐to‐severe AD is still poorly understood. In order to design new therapeutics, further investigation is needed into common disease pathways at the molecular level. We used publicly available whole‐tissue RNAseq data (4 studies) and single‐cell RNAseq keratinocyte data to identify genes/pathways that are involved in keratinocyte responses in AD and after dupilumab treatment. Transcripts present in both keratinocytes (single‐cell) and whole‐tissue, referred to as the keratinocyte‐enriched lesional skin (KELS) genes, were analysed using functional/pathway analysis. Following statistical testing, 2049 genes (16.8%) were differentially expressed in KELS. Enrichment analyses predicted increases in not only type‐1/type‐2 immune signalling and chemoattraction, but also in EGF‐dominated growth factor signalling. We identified complex crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells involving a dominant EGF family signature which converges on keratinocytes with potential immunomodulatory and chemotaxis‐promoting consequences. Although keratinocytes express the IL4R, we observed no change in EGF signalling in KELS after three‐month treatment with dupilumab, indicating that this pathway is not modulated by dupilumab immunotherapy. EGF family signalling is significantly dysregulated in AD lesions but is not associated with keratinocyte proliferation. EGF signalling pathways in AD require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Timms
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Paediatric Allergy & Immunology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanne Pennock
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Yang Y, Xiao J, Tang L, Wang B, Sun X, Xu Z, Liu L, Shi S. Effects of IL-6 Polymorphisms on Individual Susceptibility to Allergic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:822091. [PMID: 35368692 PMCID: PMC8966614 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.822091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies have assessed the potential link between interleukin-6 polymorphisms and susceptibility to allergic diseases. However, the results are still conflicting. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis can not only resolve differences but also provide clues for future projects.Methods: A systematic electronic search was conducted on the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library to retrieve all published studies. Revman and Stata software were used for statistical analysis.Results: This meta-analysis included 11 studies. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant association between IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism and the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis in the general population. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that rs1800795 affected allergic diseases risk in different populations.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that IL-6 rs1800795 was associated with allergic diseases susceptibility among Asians and Caucasians in opposite trends, and it might influence the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis. None of the IL-6 polymorphisms were shared risk variants of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxin Xiao
- Taizhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Lingling Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianhong Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongchi Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Suofang Shi, ; Li Liu,
| | - Suofang Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Suofang Shi, ; Li Liu,
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Jung N, Kong T, Yu Y, Park H, Lee E, Yoo S, Baek S, Lee S, Kang KS. Immunomodulatory Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor Secreted by Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:311-323. [PMID: 35220283 PMCID: PMC9396020 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as a treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects a large number of people across the world. Treatment of AD using human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) has recently been studied. However, the mechanism underlying their effect needs to be studied continuously. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) secreted by hUCB-MSCs on AD. Methods and Results To explore the mechanism involved in the therapeutic effect of MSCs for AD, a secretome array was performed using culture medium of hUCB-MSCs. Among the list of genes common for epithelium development and skin diseases, we focused on the function of EGF. To elucidate the effect of EGF secreted by hUCB-MSCs, EGF was downregulated in hUCB-MSCs using EGF-targeting small interfering RNA. These cells were then co-cultured with keratinocytes, Th2 cells, and mast cells. Depletion of EGF disrupted immunomodulatory effects of hUCB-MSCs on these AD-related inflammatory cells. In a Dermatophagoides farinae-induced AD mouse model, subcutaneous injection of hUCB-MSCs ameliorated gross scoring, histopathologic damage, and mast cell infiltration. It also significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and IL-22, as well as IgE levels. These therapeutic effects were significantly attenuated at all evaluation points in mice injected with EGF-depleted hUCB-MSCs. Conclusions EGF secreted by hUCB-MSCs can improve AD by regulating inflammatory responses of keratinocytes, Th2 cells, and mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namhee Jung
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - TaeHo Kong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonsil Yu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwanhee Park
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Lee
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - SaeMi Yoo
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - SongYi Baek
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Reinert-Hartwall L, Siljander H, Härkönen T, Vatanen T, Ilonen J, Niemelä O, Luopajärvi K, Dorshakova N, Mokurov S, Peet A, Tillmann V, Uibo R, Knip M, Vaarala O, Honkanen J. Higher circulating EGF levels associate with a decreased risk of IgE sensitization in young children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13613. [PMID: 34379817 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased exposure to microbial agents in industrialized countries and urban living areas is considered as a risk factor of developing immune-mediated diseases, such as allergies and asthma. Epithelial surfaces in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and in the skin constitute the primary areas in contact with the environmental microbial load. METHODS We analyzed the levels of 30 cytokines and growth factors in serum or plasma as markers of the immune maturation in the participants in the DIABIMMUNE study from Russian Karelia (n = 60), Estonia (n = 83) and Finland (n = 89), three neighboring countries with remarkable differences in the incidences of allergies, asthma and autoimmune diseases. RESULTS We observed an upregulation of T helper cell signature cytokines during the first 12 months of life, reflecting natural development of adaptive immune responses. During the first years of life, circulating concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) were significantly higher, especially in Russian children compared with Finnish children. The children who developed IgE sensitization showed lower levels of EGF than those without such responses. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that low circulating EGF levels associate with the risk of allergies possibly via the effects on the epithelial integrity and mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heli Siljander
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Härkönen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and University of Tampere, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Luopajärvi
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalya Dorshakova
- Department of Family Medicine, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Sergei Mokurov
- Ministry of Health and Social Development, Karelian Republic of the Russian Federation, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Peet
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raivo Uibo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikael Knip
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Honkanen
- Research Program for Translational Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Mehra L, Mehra S, Tiwari N, Singh T, Rawat H, Belagavi S, Jaimini A, Mittal G. Fabrication, characterization and evaluation of the efficacy of gelatin/hyaluronic acid microporous scaffolds suffused with aloe-vera in a rat burn model. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:1346-1358. [PMID: 34873947 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211061821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Burn induced injuries are commonly encountered in civilian and military settings, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Objective of this study was to construct microporous bioactive scaffolds of gelatin-hyaluronic acid suffused with aloe-vera gel (Gela/HA/AvG), and to evaluate their efficacy in healing partial-thickness burn wounds. Scaffolds were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, and Thermo-gravimetric analysis to understand intermolecular interactions and morphological characteristics. In-vitro fluid uptake ability and hemolytic index of test scaffolds were also determined. In-vitro collagenase digestion was done to assess biodegradability of scaffolds. Wound retraction studies were carried out in Sprague Dawley rats inflicted with partial-thickness burn wounds to assess and compare efficacy of optimized scaffolds with respect to negative and positive control groups. In-vivo gamma scintigraphy using Technetium-99m labeled Immunoglobulin-G (99mTc-IgG) as imaging agent was also performed to validate efficacy results. Histological and immunohistochemical comparison between groups was also made. Scaffolds exhibited mircoporous structure, with pore size getting reduced from 41.3 ± 4.3 µm to 30.49 ± 5.7 µm when gelatin conc. was varied from 1% to 5%. Optimized test scaffolds showed sustained in-vitro swelling behavior, were biodegradable and showed hemolytic index in range of 2.4-4.3%. Wound retraction study along with in-vivo gamma scintigraphy indicated that Gela/HA/AvG scaffolds were not only able to reduce local inflammation faster but also accelerated dermis regeneration. Immunohistochemical analysis, in terms of expression levels of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 also corroborated in-vivo efficacy findings. Gela/HA/AvG scaffolds, therefore, can potentially be developed into an effective dermal regeneration template for partial-thickness burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Mehra
- Department of Combat Sciences, 93048DRDO Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Smritee Mehra
- Department of Biotechnology, RinggoldID:231547Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Nidhi Tiwari
- Department of Combat Sciences, 93048DRDO Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Thakuri Singh
- Department of Combat Sciences, 93048DRDO Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Harish Rawat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, 93048DRDO Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shreeshail Belagavi
- Department of Cytopathology, 93048DRDO Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Jaimini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, 93048DRDO Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Mittal
- Department of Combat Sciences, 93048DRDO Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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14
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Adikusuma W, Irham LM, Chou WH, Wong HSC, Mugiyanto E, Ting J, Perwitasari DA, Chang WP, Chang WC. Drug Repurposing for Atopic Dermatitis by Integration of Gene Networking and Genomic Information. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724277. [PMID: 34721386 PMCID: PMC8548825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing skin disease. The medications for treating AD are still limited, most of them are topical corticosteroid creams or antibiotics. The current study attempted to discover potential AD treatments by integrating a gene network and genomic analytic approaches. Herein, the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) associated with AD were extracted from the GWAS catalog. We identified 70 AD-associated loci, and then 94 AD risk genes were found by extending to proximal SNPs based on r2 > 0.8 in Asian populations using HaploReg v4.1. Next, we prioritized the AD risk genes using in silico pipelines of bioinformatic analysis based on six functional annotations to identify biological AD risk genes. Finally, we expanded them according to the molecular interactions using the STRING database to find the drug target genes. Our analysis showed 27 biological AD risk genes, and they were mapped to 76 drug target genes. According to DrugBank and Therapeutic Target Database, 25 drug target genes overlapping with 53 drugs were identified. Importantly, dupilumab, which is approved for AD, was successfully identified in this bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, ten drugs were found to be potentially useful for AD with clinical or preclinical evidence. In particular, we identified filgotinub and fedratinib, targeting gene JAK1, as potential drugs for AD. Furthermore, four monoclonal antibody drugs (lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, tocilizumab, and canakinumab) were successfully identified as promising for AD repurposing. In sum, the results showed the feasibility of gene networking and genomic information as a potential drug discovery resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Henry Sung-Ching Wong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eko Mugiyanto
- Ph. D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicines, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia
| | - Jafit Ting
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Pin Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Meng L, Jiang L, Chen J, Ren H, Gao Z, Wu F, Wen Y, Yang L. Transfer RNA-derived fragment tRF-28-QSZ34KRQ590K in plasma exosomes may be a potential biomarker for atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:489. [PMID: 33790998 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic relapsing inflammatory disease. There is substantial evidence suggesting that noncoding RNAs have indispensable roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Exosomal transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) have been identified as potential biomarkers for various disorders. However, the role of tRFs in AD has remained to be elucidated, which was thus the aim of the present study. Plasma samples from 23 pediatric patients with AD and 23 healthy controls were collected. Exosomes were successfully isolated from plasma according to the manufacturer's protocol. Small RNA sequencing was performed in 3 patients with AD and 3 controls, and 135 significantly differentially expressed plasma exosomal tRFs were identified, including 36 upregulated and 99 downregulated tRFs. Using the miRanda and RNAhybrid databases, 58,227 target genes of these 135 differentially expressed tRFs were predicted. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses suggested that these target genes of tRFs are involved in multiple functions and pathways associated with AD. Downregulation of tRF-28-QSZ34KRQ590K and tRF-33-Q99P9P9NH57SD3 were validated in 20 patients with AD and 20 controls by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and tRF-28-QSZ34KRQ590K exhibited significance in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The present study was the first to provide a tRF profile in AD and implied that plasma exosomal tRF-28-QSZ34KRQ590K may be a potential biomarker for pediatric patients with AD. The present study enhanced the understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and provided a novel marker for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Meng
- Department of Dermatological Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Dermatological Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Dermatological Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Hongjin Ren
- Department of Dermatological Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- Department of Dermatological Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Dermatological Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Wen
- Department of Dermatological Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Lianjuan Yang
- Department of Dermatological Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
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16
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rhEGF Treatment Improves EGFR Inhibitor-Induced Skin Barrier and Immune Defects. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113120. [PMID: 33113881 PMCID: PMC7692663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In our prior study, we demonstrated that recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) treatment is effective for managing epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs)-related skin toxicities and improves patients’ quality of life (QoL) compared with placebo. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of rhEGF effects are unknown yet so basic study is needed to clarify the mechanisms. In this study, we revealed that treatment of rhEGF in human epidermal keratinocytes, 3d-cultured human skin tissue and patient lesions improved EGFRIs-induced skin eruption via normalizing proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, reducing inflammatory cytokines expression and inducing expression of AMPs. These findings provided an evidence for the use of rhEGF as a treatment for skin side effects derived from EGFRI. Abstract The mechanisms of epidermal growth factor (EGF) affecting EGF receptor inhibitor (EGFRI)-related skin toxicities are as yet unknown. We investigated which mechanisms are involved in EGF’s positive effects. Two types of EGFRIs, cetuximab and gefitinib, were used to treat the cells or 3d-cultured human skin tissue with recombinant human EGF (rhEGF). As a result, rhEGF increased EGFR and pEGFR expression. Furthermore, rhEGF induces EGFR signaling by pAKT and pPI3K expression in gefitinib and rhEGF co-treated cells. In addition, rhEGF bound to EGFR after than cetuximab, but cetuximab bound to EGFR more strongly than rhEGF. Moreover, expressions of proliferation and differentiation proteins, both ki-67 and filaggrin, were decreased in EGFRI-treated tissue. However, in rhEGF and EGFRI co-treated tissue, those expressions were increased. Expression of IL-1α, IL-8, and TNF-α was increased by EGFRIs and down-regulated by rhEGF. Furthermore, hBD-2 and hBD-3 protein expressions were inhibited by cetuximab or gefitinib treatment, and those decrements were increased by rhEGF treatment. In patients’ tissue evaluation, compared with controls, patients’ Ki-67 and EGFR expression were decreased (p = 0.015, p = 0.001). Patients’ IL-17 and TNF-α expression intensity was higher than that of the control group (p = 0.038, p = 0.037). After treatment with EGF ointment, average values of Ki-67, EGFR, and Melan-A were changed to normal values. Oppositely, patients’ proportions of IL-17 and TNF-α were decreased to low stain level. In conclusion, treatment of rhEGF improved EGFRI-induced skin eruption via normalizing the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, reducing inflammatory cytokines by the affected EGFRIs.
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Gefitinib-Induced Cutaneous Toxicities in Brown Norway Rats Are Associated with Macrophage Infiltration. Inflammation 2020; 43:2137-2146. [PMID: 33025329 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gefitinib (Iressa), is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), used in the targeted treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Skin toxicity is the major adverse effect observed in patients treated with EGFR-targeted TKIs such as gefitinib and erlotinib. To date, a corresponding skin animal model has not been established to address the mechanisms of these effects. Therefore, we analyzed the skin rash phenotype and its pathological features in Brown Norway (BN) rats treated with gefitinib 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg, or 10 mg/100 g/day for 4 weeks. We found that treatment with gefitinib led to weight loss, rash, itching, and hair loss in a dose-dependent manner. We also investigated the skin pathology and found that the animal model showed thickening of the epidermis, loss of moisture, and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and analysis of monocytes and leukocytes in the blood revealed increased macrophage infiltration was associated with the cutaneous toxicities induced by gefitinib in the BN rats. Finally, we found that gefitinib-induced cutaneous toxicity is significantly associated with three inflammatory cytokines known to be secreted by activated macrophages, TREM-1, CINC-2, and CINC-3.
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18
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Anti-Aging Effects of GDF11 on Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072598. [PMID: 32283613 PMCID: PMC7177281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The epidermis has four major cell layers made up of keratinocytes in varying stages of progressive differentiation. Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects every phase of its biology and function. The expression profiles of inflammation-related genes analyzed in resident immune cells demonstrated that these cells have a strong ability to regenerate adult skin stem cells and to produce endogenous substances such as growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). GDF11 appears to be the key to progenitor proliferation and/or differentiation. The preservation of youthful phenotypes has been tied to the presence of GDF11 in different human tissues, and, in the skin, this factor inhibits inflammatory responses. The protective role of GDF11 depends on a multi-factorial process implicating various types of skin cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. GDF11 should be further studied for the purpose of developing novel therapies for the treatment of skin diseases.
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New Evidence and Insights on Dalbavancin and Wound Healing in a Mouse Model of Skin Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02062-19. [PMID: 31932371 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02062-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dalbavancin is an effective antibiotic that is widely used to treat skin infection. Our aim was to determine the effect of dalbavancin administration on wound healing compared to that of vancomycin and to elucidate if epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could be involved in its therapeutic mechanism. A mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infection was established. Mice were treated daily with vancomycin (10 mg/kg) and weekly with dalbavancin at day 1 (20 mg/kg) and day 8 (10 mg/kg). After 14 days, wounds were excised, and bacterial counts were performed. Wound healing was assessed by histological and immunohistochemical staining, followed by protein extraction and immunoblotting. Our microbiological results confirmed that both dalbavancin and vancomycin are effective in reducing the bacterial load in wounds. The dalbavancin group showed a strong effect compared with infected untreated animals and the vancomycin-treated group. The wounds treated with dalbavancin showed robust epidermal coverage with reconstitution of the regular and keratinized epidermal lining and well-organized granulation tissue with numerous blood vessels, although slightly less than that in the uninfected group. While in the vancomycin-treated group the epithelium appeared, in general, still hypertrophic, the granulation tissue appeared even less organized. We observed elevated EGFR and VEGF expression in both treated groups, although it was higher in dalbavancin-treated mice. MMP-1 and MMP-9 were decreased in uninfected tissue and in both treated tissues compared with untreated infected wounds. This study showed faster healing with dalbavancin treatment that might be associated with higher EGFR and VEGF levels.
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20
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Klufa J, Bauer T, Hanson B, Herbold C, Starkl P, Lichtenberger B, Srutkova D, Schulz D, Vujic I, Mohr T, Rappersberger K, Bodenmiller B, Kozakova H, Knapp S, Loy A, Sibilia M. Hair eruption initiates and commensal skin microbiota aggravate adverse events of anti-EGFR therapy. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaax2693. [PMID: 31826981 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted anticancer therapy induces stigmatizing skin toxicities affecting patients' quality of life and therapy adherence. The lack of mechanistic details underlying these adverse events hampers their management. We found that EGFR/ERK signaling is required in LRIG1-positive stem cells during de novo hair eruption to secure barrier integrity and prevent the invasion of commensal microbiota and inflammatory skin disease. EGFR-deficient epidermis is permissive for microbiota outgrowth and displays an atopic-like TH2-dominated signature. The opening of the follicular ostia during hair eruption allows invasion of commensal microbiota into the hair follicle, initiating an additional TH1 and TH17 response culminating in chronic folliculitis. Restoration of epidermal ERK signaling via prophylactic FGF7 treatment or transgenic SOS expression rescues the barrier defect in the absence of EGFR, highlighting a therapeutic anchor point. These data reveal that commensal skin microbiota provoke atopic-like inflammatory skin diseases by invading into the follicular opening of erupting hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Klufa
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Buck Hanson
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network Chemistry meets Microbiology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Craig Herbold
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network Chemistry meets Microbiology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Philipp Starkl
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Beate Lichtenberger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 549 22, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Schulz
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Igor Vujic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Institution Rudolfstiftung, Vienna 1030, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Klemens Rappersberger
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Institution Rudolfstiftung, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 549 22, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Alexander Loy
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network Chemistry meets Microbiology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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Yamamoto Y, Iyoda M, Tachibana S, Matsumoto K, Wada Y, Suzuki T, Iseri K, Saito T, Fukuda-Hihara K, Shibata T. Erlotinib attenuates the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats with remnant kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:598-606. [PMID: 28992288 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has a pathogenic role in renal fibrosis. Currently no effective treatment can completely halt the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was undertaken to investigate the renoprotective effects of erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can block EGFR activity in the progression of CKD and the mechanisms involved. Methods Sprague Dawley rats with 5/6 nephrectomy were administered either erlotinib or vehicle from 2 weeks after surgery and for a period of 8 weeks. Blood pressure, proteinuria and serum creatinine were measured periodically. Renal morphological investigations were performed at sacrifice. In vitro, we used normal human mesangial cells (NHMCs) and human proximal tubular cells to investigate the inhibitory effects of erlotinib on renal fibrosis-associated signaling pathways by western blotting. Results Erlotinib treatment significantly blunted the progression of CKD as evidenced by reduced levels of serum creatinine, proteinuria and renal cortical profibrogenic genes and scores of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage. Tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration and multiple pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression levels were also attenuated by erlotinib treatment. In vitro, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor-induced Akt and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation in normal human mesangial cells and human proximal tubular cells was inhibited by pretreatment with erlotinib. Conclusions EGFR blocking by erlotinib protected against renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats via inhibition of Akt and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways, which are associated with renal fibrosis. Erlotinib also has anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to its renoprotective effects. Erlotinib represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tachibana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Iseri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Saito
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Fukuda-Hihara
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Pan HH, Hsiao YP, Chen PJ, Kang YT, Chao YH, Sheu JN, Lue KH, Ko JL. Epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors alleviate house dust mite allergen Der p2-induced IL-6 and IL-8. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:476-485. [PMID: 30623574 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Steroid-insensitive asthma-related airway inflammation is associated with the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase in asthmatic bronchial epithelium. Proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 are related to steroid-insensitive asthma. It is currently unknown how EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) affects house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma in terms of inflammatory cytokines related to steroid-resistant asthma and further signaling pathway. Cytokine expressions and EGFR signaling pathway were performed by ELISA, reverse transcriptase PCR, real-time PCR, and Western blot in cell-line models. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway-related inhibitors were applied to confirm the association between EGFR-TKI and AMPK pathway. HDM induced IL-6 and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. Both Erlotinib (Tarceva) and Osimertinib (AZD-9291) reduced the levels of HDM-stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 levels in BEAS-2B cells. AZD-9291 was more effective than Erlotinib in inhibiting phospho-EGFR, and downstream phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and phopho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) pathway signaling. In addition, AMPK pathway-related inhibitor, Calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) inhibitor, down-regulated IL-8, but EGFR-TKI had no effect on AMPK pathway. Our findings highlight EGFR-TKIs, Tarceva, and AZD-9291, attenuate HDM-induced inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines via EGFR signaling axis pathway, but not AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsien Pan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ju Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Chao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Nan Sheu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Huang Lue
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Kim JM, Choo JE, Kim KN, Kim YS. Potential protective effects of rhEGF against ultraviolet A irradiation-induced damages on human fibroblasts. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:505-513. [PMID: 30410380 PMCID: PMC6199234 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s170697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet A (UVA) rays reach the dermal skin layer and generate oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell inflammation, which in turn lead to photo-aging and photo-carcinogenesis. While there have been many studies about the beneficial effects of topical epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment in the healing of wounds, the effect of EGF on UVA-induced skin irritation remains unknown. To clarify the effects of EGF on UVA-induced skin damage, it was investigated whether EGF signaling can affect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damages in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Materials and methods Fibroblasts cultured with or without rhEGF were UVA-irradiated at 40 mJ/cm2 twice per day for 5 days. After the irradiation, the intracellular ROS levels and expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) in the fibroblasts were ascertained. Further investigation to determine the effects of EGF on UVA-induced DNA damage, including a single cell gel electrophoresis assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was carried out. Moreover, the NF-κB activity was ascertained in order to investigate the effects of EGF on UVA-irradiated fibroblasts. Results As a result, it was revealed that recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) inhibited UVA- increased intracellular ROS in the fibroblasts and increased the expression of catalase and SOD-1. Moreover, in UVA-irradiated fibroblasts, the longest DNA-damaged tails were observed, but this phenomenon was not detected in cells cotreated with both UVA and rhEGF. Also, it was observed that DNA damage induction, including that of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers, pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, was caused by UVA irradiation. Similar to previous results, it was downregulated by rhEGF. Furthermore, rhEGF also inhibited NF-κB gene expression and the NF-κB p65 protein level in the nucleus induced by UVA irradiation. Conclusion These results suggest that EGF might be a useful material for preventing or improving photo-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choo
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Ki Nam Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Yang Seok Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyng Hee University, Seoul, Korea,
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24
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Kim J, Bin BH, Choi EJ, Lee HG, Lee TR, Cho EG. Staphylococcus aureus-derived extracellular vesicles induce monocyte recruitment by activating human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 49:68-81. [PMID: 30288827 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) represents the most common inflammatory skin disorder in children showing massive infiltration of immune cells. The colonization of AD-afflicted skin by Staphylococcus aureus and S. aureus-derived extracellular vesicles (SEVs) has been associated with AD pathogenesis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying SEV-mediated inflammatory responses remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated how SEVs can mediate inflammatory responses in AD pathogenesis by examining the effect of SEVs on human dermal microvascular endothelia cells (HDMECs). METHODS HDMECs were treated with SEVs, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules or cytokines was assessed using RT-qPCR, Western blot or cytokine array analyses. The receptor for SEVs and related signalling molecules in HDMECs were addressed and verified via gene knockdown or inhibitor experiments. The recruitment assay of human THP-1 monocytic cells on HDMECs was performed after SEV treatment in the presence or absence of the verified receptor or signalling molecule. RESULTS SEVs, but not other gram-positive bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles, directly activated HDMECs by increasing the expression of cell adhesion molecules (E-selectin, VCAM1 and ICAM1) and that of IL-6, the inflammatory cytokine; consequently, they enhanced the recruitment of THP-1 monocytic cells to HDMECs. The SEV-induced HDMEC activation was dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 and the NF-κB signalling pathway, which was rapidly activated within 1 hour post-treatment and followed by an upregulation of cell adhesion molecules and IL-6 at later time-points. Moreover, SEV-mediated HDMEC responses were more rapid and intense than those induced by the same protein concentrations of S. aureus extracts. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE SEVs as proinflammatory factors could mediate immune cell infiltration in AD by efficiently inducing endothelial cell activation and monocyte recruitment, which may provide insights into alleviating the S. aureus-mediated onset or progression of AD and its phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Skincare Research Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bum-Ho Bin
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Choi
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyun Gee Lee
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyung Cho
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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25
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Mo C, Zeng Z, Deng Q, Ding Y, Xiao R. Imbalance between T helper 17 and regulatory T cell subsets plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:177-183. [PMID: 30219674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease that is characterized by fibrosis, inflammation, and vasculopathy of the skin and internal organs. The etiopathogenesis of SSc remains unclear. However, the pivotal role of T lymphocytes with an aberrant immune response in SSc is well established. Among T cells, IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cell and regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets have recently been found to play crucial roles in SSc pathogenesis. Generally speaking, Th17 cell subsets up-regulate inflammation, fibrosis, and autoimmunity, which are present in SSc, while Treg cell subsets have an immunosuppressive function and resist the immunological performance of Th17 cells. Up-to-date evidence has pointed out that the imbalance and abnormal functions of Th17/Treg cells may contribute to SSc. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the vital cytokines and signaling pathways that are involved in Th17/Treg differentiation and functions, and their roles in the pathogenesis of SSc, thus providing novel insights about targeting the Th17/Treg balance as a potential therapy for SSc treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Mo
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Qiancheng Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Dermatology Disease Hospital, 15 LongKun-Nan Road, Haikou 570206, China.
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Road, Changsha 410011, China.
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26
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Kim YJ, Choi MJ, Bak DH, Lee BC, Ko EJ, Ahn GR, Ahn SW, Kim MJ, Na J, Kim BJ. Topical administration of EGF suppresses immune response and protects skin barrier in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11895. [PMID: 30093649 PMCID: PMC6085286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by a complex, heterogeneous pathogenesis including skin barrier dysfunction, immunology, and pruritus. Although epidermal growth factor (EGF) is essential for epithelial homeostasis and wound healing, the effect of EGF on AD remains to be explored. To develop a new therapy for AD, the anti-AD potential of EGF was investigated by inducing AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). EGF was administrated to NC/Nga mice to evaluate its therapeutic effect on DNCB-induced AD. EGF treatment improved dermatitis score, ear thickness, epidermal hyperplasia, serum total immunoglobulin E level, and transepidermal water loss in NC/Nga mice with DNCB-induced AD. In addition, levels of skin barrier-related proteins such as filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were increased by EGF treatment. These beneficial effects of EGF on AD may be mediated by EGF regulation of Th1/Th2-mediated cytokines, mast cell hyperplasia, and protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which are triggers of AD. Taken together, our findings suggest that EGF may potentially protect against AD lesional skin via regulation of skin barrier function and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Je Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Mi Ji Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Myongji Hospital, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Goyang, 10475, Korea
| | - Ga Ram Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | | | - Moo Joong Kim
- Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, 67601, USA
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea. .,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.
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27
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Epidermal Growth Factor Relieves Inflammatory Signals in Staphylococcus aureus-Treated Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in Nc/Nga Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9439182. [PMID: 29862299 PMCID: PMC5976919 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9439182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a defective immunologic barrier, which is aggravated by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) suppresses inflammation and EGF receptor inhibitors increased S. aureus colonization. Thus, we investigated the potential roles of EGF in AD, which is often aggravated by S. aureus. We determined how EGF affects the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) treated with heat-inactivated S. aureus (HKSA) in vitro and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice. HKSA increased IL-6 and NFκB expression; EGF treatment had the opposite effect. EGF increased human β defensin-2 expression in HEKs and murine β defensin-3 in mice. In mice, both EGF and pimecrolimus groups showed less erythema with significantly reduced inflammation and decreased expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. EGF relieved S. aureus-induced inflammation and AD-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice. Therefore, EGF could be a potential topical treatment for AD.
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28
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Matsumura S, Terao M, Itami S, Katayama I. Local cortisol activation is involved in EGF-induced immunosuppression. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2018; 9:e1412018. [PMID: 29484105 PMCID: PMC5821158 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2017.1412018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The major effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway on keratinocytes are cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and wound healing. In addition to these effects, an immunosuppressive effect of EGFR signalling has been reported. However, the precise mechanism of immunosuppression by EGFR signalling is not well understood. In this study, we clarified the involvement of increased local cortisol activation in EGFR signalling-induced immunosuppression in keratinocytes. EGF treatment up-regulated the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) and supernatant cortisol levels in a dose-dependent manner in keratinocytes. 11β-HSD1 is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of cellular hormonally inactive cortisone into active cortisol. qRT-PCR and ELISA assays indicated that EGF significantly decreased tumour necrosis factor α (TNF- α)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in keratinocytes. Similarly, 11β-HSD1 overexpression significantly decreased TNF-α-induced IL-6 expression. We evaluated the role of 11β-HSD1 in immunosuppression through EGFR signalling. Blockade of 11β-HSD1 via 11β-HSD1 inhibitor reversed both the expression and production of TNF-α-induced IL-6, which was decreased by EGF in keratinocytes. Therefore, increased local cortisol activation by 11β-HSD1 is involved in EGFR signalling-induced immunosuppression in keratinocytes. Finally, we evaluated whether EGFR inhibition by cetuximab affects the expression of 11β-HSD1. We found that 0.1 µg cetuximab decreased 11β-HSD1 transcript levels in keratinocytes. The changes in 11β-HSD1 were more apparent in TNF-α-treated cells. As 11β-HSD1 expression in keratinocytes is associated with inflammation and cell proliferation, this mechanism may be associated with adverse skin reactions observed in patients treated with EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Matsumura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Terao
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Itami
- Department of Regenerative Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Cutaneous toxicity from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: would a subcutaneous desensitization be helpful? Case report. TUMORI JOURNAL 2016; 102:4CEED92B-1719-4511-BBDB-B323486A238D. [PMID: 27791234 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cetuximab and panitumumab are monoclonal antibody inhibitors that bind the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) currently used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. The main adverse event related to EGFR inhibitors (EGFR-Is) is cutaneous toxicity, which can cause dosage reduction and interruption of treatment. State-of-the-art management of skin toxicity associated with EGFR-Is therapy involves the topical administration of corticosteroids and oral antibiotics, but is not completely effective in the management of toxicity. Subcutaneous desensitization with increasing concentrations of monoclonal antibodies can induce a tolerance to drug administration and reduce cutaneous adverse effects. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which a reduction or a disappearance of skin toxicity caused by EGFR-Is through subcutaneous desensitization has been achieved. CASE REPORT We present cases of 2 Caucasian patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon treated with EGFR-Is who developed severe cutaneous toxicity. A 73-year-old man presented grade 4 skin toxicity of the face and grade 3 skin toxicity of the trunk during treatment with cetuximab. A 68-year-old woman developed G2 rash on the face after the first administration of cetuximab. These patients underwent subcutaneous desensitization with increasing concentrations of EGFR-Is. After this procedure, patients restarted therapy at the optimal dosage with reduction or disappearance of skin toxicity. CONCLUSIONS These cases suggest that by giving rising doses of antibody it is possible to obtain desensitization able to prevent severe cutaneous adverse events in patients treated with EGFR-Is.
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30
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Roesner LM, Werfel T, Heratizadeh A. The adaptive immune system in atopic dermatitis and implications on therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:787-96. [PMID: 26967382 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1165093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In atopic dermatitis (AD), the skin inflammation is believed to occur due to a misdirected immune reaction against harmless antigens on the one hand, and to a disturbed skin barrier on the other. In recent years, vast efforts have been made to investigate the relevance and details of the immune response to allergens. Clinically, it was demonstrated for the first time that aeroallergen exposure leads to worsening of AD symptoms. An overexpression of Th2 cytokines has been observed in acute and subacute lesions of AD. The clinical impact of the key Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 on atopic dermatitis has recently been shown in clinical studies with dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody which blocks the IL-4/IL-13 receptor. In vitro data indicate, however, that the T cell response is not solely Th2-polarized but may lead to heterogeneous cytokine production involving IFN-γ and IL-17 in an allergen-dependent manner. Classical thymus-derived Foxp3 T cells have interestingly been detected in elevated numbers in the circulation of AD patients. Therapeutic approaches with allergen specific immunotherapy aim to induce regulatory T cells of the Tr1 type. The strikingly altered microbiome of AD skin with diminished diversity of bacteria on lesional skin but increases of S. aureus colonization and the sensitization against microbial allergens and homologue self-proteins deserve special attention. For the treatment of itch symptoms, which still represent a challenge in daily practice, promising data have been published on the relevance of the H(histamine)4-receptor and on mediators such as IL-31, TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart M Roesner
- a Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- a Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Annice Heratizadeh
- a Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
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31
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Ghosh D, Ding L, Sivaprasad U, Geh E, Biagini Myers J, Bernstein JA, Khurana Hershey GK, Mersha TB. Multiple Transcriptome Data Analysis Reveals Biologically Relevant Atopic Dermatitis Signature Genes and Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144316. [PMID: 26717000 PMCID: PMC4696650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have identified genes that are differentially expressed in atopic dermatitis (AD) compared to normal skin. However, there is also considerable variation in the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) reported by different groups and the exact cause of AD is still not fully understood. Using a rank-based approach, we analyzed gene expression data from five different microarray studies, comprising a total of 127 samples and more than 250,000 transcripts. A total of 89 AD gene expression signatures '89ADGES', including FLG gene, were identified to show dysregulation consistently across these studies. Using a Support Vector Machine, we showed that the '89ADGES' discriminates AD from normal skin with 98% predictive accuracy. Functional annotation of these genes implicated their roles in immune responses (e.g., betadefensin, microseminoprotein), keratinocyte differentiation/epidermal development (e.g., FLG, CORIN, AQP, LOR, KRT16), inflammation (e.g., IL37, IL27RA, CCL18) and lipid metabolism (e.g., AKR1B10, FAD7, FAR2). Subsequently, we validated a subset of signature genes using quantitative PCR in a mouse model. Using a bioinformatic approach, we identified keratinocyte pathway over-represented (P = <0.0006) among the 89 signature genes. Keratinocytes are known to play a major role in barrier function due to their location in the epidermis. Our result suggests that besides immune- mediated pathway, skin barrier pathways such as the keratinocyte differentiation pathway play a key role in AD pathogenesis. A better understanding of the role of keratinocytes in AD will be important for developing novel "barrier therapy" for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Ghosh
- Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Lili Ding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Umasundari Sivaprasad
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Esmond Geh
- Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Tesfaye B. Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Chattopadhyay S, Veleeparambil M, Poddar D, Abdulkhalek S, Bandyopadhyay SK, Fensterl V, Sen GC. EGFR kinase activity is required for TLR4 signaling and the septic shock response. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1535-47. [PMID: 26341626 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize microbial products and elicit transient immune responses that protect the infected host from disease. TLR4--which signals from both plasma and endosomal membranes--is activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and induces many cytokine genes, the prolonged expression of which causes septic shock in mice. We report here that the expression of some TLR4-induced genes in myeloid cells requires the protein kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR inhibition affects TLR4-induced responses differently depending on the target gene. The induction of interferon-β (IFN-β) and IFN-inducible genes is strongly inhibited, whereas TNF-α induction is enhanced. Inhibition is specific to the IFN-regulatory factor (IRF)-driven genes because EGFR is required for IRF activation downstream of TLR--as is IRF co-activator β-catenin--through the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway. Administration of an EGFR inhibitor to mice protects them from LPS-induced septic shock and death by selectively blocking the IFN branch of TLR4 signaling. These results demonstrate a selective regulation of TLR4 signaling by EGFR and highlight the potential use of EGFR inhibitors to treat septic shock syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manoj Veleeparambil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Darshana Poddar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samar Abdulkhalek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sudip K Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Volker Fensterl
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ganes C Sen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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33
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Kang Z, Li Q, Fu P, Yan S, Guan M, Xu J, Xu F. Correlation of KIF3A and OVOL1, but not ACTL9, with atopic dermatitis in Chinese pediatric patients. Gene 2015; 571:249-51. [PMID: 26127003 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in Chinese pediatric patients. To date, the genetic susceptibility to AD in this population has not been fully clarified. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms have previously been associated with AD in Europeans, rs2897442 (KIF3A), rs479844 (OVOL1) and rs2164983 (ACTL9). To verify the correlation between AD and these three SNPs in the Chinese pediatric population, we conducted a case-control study including 235 pediatric patients with AD and 200 health controls. We confirmed the correlation between rs2897442 and rs479844 and AD in this population at both the genotype and allele levels. Statistical analysis showed that the C allele of rs2897442 is associated with an increased risk of developing AD, while the A allele of rs479844 is associated with a reduced risk. No correlation between rs2164983 and AD was identified. Our study indicates that KIF3A and OVOL1 are involved in the development of AD in the Chinese pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Pan Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Children's Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Shuxian Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China; Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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34
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research on atopic dermatitis is actively growing and continuously completing our knowledge on the pathophysiology of this complex disease. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies revealed new susceptibility loci for atopic dermatitis. In addition, different tissue-specific patterns of DNA methylation have been identified as first evidence for the relevance of epigenetic modifications in atopic dermatitis. Moreover, interest is emerging on the role of the skin and gut microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Signals mediated via pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system have been analyzed in more detail, and the role of cytokines, such as IL-22, IL-25, IL-31 and IL-33 as well as innate lymphoid cells, has been studied. SUMMARY Taken together, better knowledge of atopic dermatitis pathways will form the basis for the development of rationale-based therapeutic approaches in the future.
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35
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Kobayashi T, Glatz M, Horiuchi K, Kawasaki H, Akiyama H, Kaplan DH, Kong HH, Amagai M, Nagao K. Dysbiosis and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Drives Inflammation in Atopic Dermatitis. Immunity 2015; 42:756-66. [PMID: 25902485 PMCID: PMC4407815 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization is universal in atopic dermatitis and common in cancer patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. However, the causal relationship of dysbiosis and eczema has yet to be clarified. Herein, we demonstrate that Adam17(fl/fl)Sox9-(Cre) mice, generated to model ADAM17-deficiency in human, developed eczematous dermatitis with naturally occurring dysbiosis, similar to that observed in atopic dermatitis. Corynebacterium mastitidis, S. aureus, and Corynebacterium bovis sequentially emerged during the onset of eczematous dermatitis, and antibiotics specific for these bacterial species almost completely reversed dysbiosis and eliminated skin inflammation. Whereas S. aureus prominently drove eczema formation, C. bovis induced robust T helper 2 cell responses. Langerhans cells were required for eliciting immune responses against S. aureus inoculation. These results characterize differential contributions of dysbiotic flora during eczema formation, and highlight the microbiota-host immunity axis as a possible target for future therapeutics in eczematous dermatitis.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/deficiency
- ADAM Proteins/genetics
- ADAM Proteins/immunology
- ADAM17 Protein
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Corynebacterium/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/microbiology
- Dysbiosis/drug therapy
- Dysbiosis/genetics
- Dysbiosis/immunology
- Dysbiosis/microbiology
- Eczema/drug therapy
- Eczema/genetics
- Eczema/immunology
- Eczema/microbiology
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/microbiology
- Integrases/genetics
- Integrases/immunology
- Langerhans Cells/drug effects
- Langerhans Cells/immunology
- Langerhans Cells/microbiology
- Langerhans Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics
- SOX9 Transcription Factor/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/microbiology
- Skin/pathology
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, PC160-8582; Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin Glatz
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, PC160-8582
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, PC160-8582
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopedics, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan, PC 501-1194
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, PC160-8582
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, PC160-8582; Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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36
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Noakes R. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a review of its role in the physiology and pathology of the integument and its relationship to the tryptophan metabolism. Int J Tryptophan Res 2015; 8:7-18. [PMID: 25733915 PMCID: PMC4327407 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s19985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytosolic receptor for low molecular weight molecules, of which the most widely recognized ligand is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and the most widely recognized effect, chloracne. Adverse effects of manipulation were most recently and graphically demonstrated by the poisoning of Viktor Yushchenko during the Ukrainian presidential elections of 2004. However, recent research has revealed a receptor with wide-ranging, and at times, paradoxical actions. It was arguably among the first biological receptors to be utilized by dermatologists, dating from the time of topical tar preparations as a therapeutic agent. I provide a review outlining the role AHR plays in the development, cellular oxidation/antioxidation, responses to ultraviolet light, melanogenesis, epidermal barrier function, and immune regulation and its relationship to tryptophan metabolism. Finally, I will review the role of AHR in diseases of the integument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowland Noakes
- Queensland Institute of Dermatology, Holland Park, Queensland, Australia
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37
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Campbell P, Morton PE, Takeichi T, Salam A, Roberts N, Proudfoot LE, Mellerio JE, Aminu K, Wellington C, Patil SN, Akiyama M, Liu L, McMillan JR, Aristodemou S, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Abdul-Wahab A, Petrof G, Fong K, Harnchoowong S, Stone KL, Harper JI, Irwin McLean WH, Simpson MA, Parsons M, McGrath JA. Epithelial inflammation resulting from an inherited loss-of-function mutation in EGFR. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2570-2578. [PMID: 24691054 PMCID: PMC4090136 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is fundamentally important for tissue homeostasis through EGFR/ligand interactions that stimulate numerous signal transduction pathways. Aberrant EGFR signaling has been reported in inflammatory and malignant diseases, but thus far no primary inherited defects in EGFR have been recorded. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous loss-of-function missense mutation in EGFR (c.1283 G>A; p.Gly428Asp) in a male infant with lifelong inflammation affecting the skin, bowel, and lungs. During the first year of life, his skin showed erosions, dry scale, and alopecia. Subsequently, there were numerous papules and pustules--similar to the rash seen in patients receiving EGFR inhibitor drugs. Skin biopsy demonstrated an altered cellular distribution of EGFR in the epidermis with reduced cell membrane labeling, and in vitro analysis of the mutant receptor revealed abrogated EGFR phosphorylation and EGF-stimulated downstream signaling. Microarray analysis on the patient's skin highlighted disturbed differentiation/premature terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and upregulation of several inflammatory/innate immune response networks. The boy died at the age of 2.5 years from extensive skin and chest infections as well as electrolyte imbalance. This case highlights the major mechanism of epithelial dysfunction following EGFR signaling ablation and illustrates the broader impact of EGFR inhibition on other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Campbell
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Penny E Morton
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Takuya Takeichi
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Amr Salam
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nerys Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura E Proudfoot
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jemima E Mellerio
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kingi Aminu
- Department of Paediatrics, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Paediatrics, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sachin N Patil
- Department of Paediatrics, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lu Liu
- GSTS Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alya Abdul-Wahab
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Petrof
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Fong
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kristina L Stone
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John I Harper
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- The Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK; The Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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