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Yu H, Luo C, Linghu R, Yang J, Wu H. Ezrin Contributes to the Damage of Airway Epithelial Barrier Related to Diabetes Mellitus. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2609-2621. [PMID: 38689797 PMCID: PMC11060175 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s449487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus predisposes individuals to respiratory infections. The airway epithelial barrier provides defense against inhaled antigens and pathogens. Ezrin, is a component of the membrane-cytoskeleton that maintains the cellular morphology, intercellular adhesion, and barrier function of epithelial cells. This study aimed to explore the role of ezrin in airway epithelial barrier damage and correlate its expression and activation with diabetes mellitus. Methods This study was performed in a murine model of diabetes mellitus and with human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells using real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Ezrin was knocked down in BEAS-2B cells using siRNA. Ezrin phosphorylation levels were measured to determine activation status. The integrity of the airway epithelial barrier was assessed in vivo by characterizing morphological structure, and in vitro in BEAS-2B cells by measuring tight junction protein expression, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and permeability. Results We demonstrated that ezrin expression levels were lower in the lung tissue and airway epithelium of diabetic mice than those in control mice. The morphological structure of the airway epithelium was altered in diabetic mice. High glucose levels downregulated the expression and distribution of ezrin and connexin 43, reduced the expression of tight junction proteins, and altered the epithelial barrier characteristics of BEAS-2B cells. Ezrin knockdown had effects similar to those of high glucose levels. Moreover, a specific inhibitor of ezrin Thr567 phosphorylation (NSC305787) inhibited epithelial barrier formation. Conclusion These results demonstrate that ezrin expression and activation are associated with airway epithelial damage in diabetes mellitus. These findings provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary infections in diabetes mellitus and may lead to novel therapeutic interventions for airway epithelial barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Linghu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqiao Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Kandouz M. Cell Death, by Any Other Name…. Cells 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38391938 PMCID: PMC10886887 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies trying to understand cell death, this ultimate biological process, can be traced back to a century ago. Yet, unlike many other fashionable research interests, research on cell death is more alive than ever. New modes of cell death are discovered in specific contexts, as are new molecular pathways. But what is "cell death", really? This question has not found a definitive answer yet. Nevertheless, part of the answer is irreversibility, whereby cells can no longer recover from stress or injury. Here, we identify the most distinctive features of different modes of cell death, focusing on the executive final stages. In addition to the final stages, these modes can differ in their triggering stimulus, thus referring to the initial stages. Within this framework, we use a few illustrative examples to examine how intercellular communication factors in the demise of cells. First, we discuss the interplay between cell-cell communication and cell death during a few steps in the early development of multicellular organisms. Next, we will discuss this interplay in a fully developed and functional tissue, the gut, which is among the most rapidly renewing tissues in the body and, therefore, makes extensive use of cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss how the balance between cell death and communication is modified during a pathological condition, i.e., colon tumorigenesis, and how it could shed light on resistance to cancer therapy. Finally, we briefly review data on the role of cell-cell communication modes in the propagation of cell death signals and how this has been considered as a potential therapeutic approach. Far from vainly trying to provide a comprehensive review, we launch an invitation to ponder over the significance of cell death diversity and how it provides multiple opportunities for the contribution of various modes of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Badaoui M, Chanson M. Intercellular Communication in Airway Epithelial Cell Regeneration: Potential Roles of Connexins and Pannexins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16160. [PMID: 38003349 PMCID: PMC10671439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins and pannexins are transmembrane proteins that can form direct (gap junctions) or indirect (connexons, pannexons) intercellular communication channels. By propagating ions, metabolites, sugars, nucleotides, miRNAs, and/or second messengers, they participate in a variety of physiological functions, such as tissue homeostasis and host defense. There is solid evidence supporting a role for intercellular signaling in various pulmonary inflammatory diseases where alteration of connexin/pannexin channel functional expression occurs, thus leading to abnormal intercellular communication pathways and contributing to pathophysiological aspects, such as innate immune defense and remodeling. The integrity of the airway epithelium, which is the first line of defense against invading microbes, is established and maintained by a repair mechanism that involves processes such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Here, we briefly summarize current knowledge on the contribution of connexins and pannexins to necessary processes of tissue repair and speculate on their possible involvement in the shaping of the airway epithelium integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Chanson
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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Simonin JL, Luscher A, Losa D, Badaoui M, van Delden C, Köhler T, Chanson M. Surface Hydration Protects Cystic Fibrosis Airways from Infection by Restoring Junctional Networks. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091587. [PMID: 35563895 PMCID: PMC9105190 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective hydration of airway surface mucosa is associated with recurrent lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations. Whether the composition and/or presence of an airway surface liquid (ASL) is sufficient to prevent infection remains unclear. The susceptibility to infection of polarized wild type and CFTR knockdown (CFTR-KD) airway epithelial cells was determined in the presence or absence of a healthy ASL or physiological saline. CFTR-KD epithelia exhibited strong ASL volume reduction, enhanced susceptibility to infection, and reduced junctional integrity. Interestingly, the presence of an apical physiological saline alleviated disruption of the airway epithelial barrier by stimulating essential junctional protein expression. Thus, rehydrated CFTR-KD cells were protected from infection despite normally intense bacterial growth. This study indicates that an epithelial integrity gatekeeper is modulated by the presence of an apical liquid volume, irrespective of the liquid's composition and of expression of a functional CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette L. Simonin
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Alexandre Luscher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.v.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Davide Losa
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Mehdi Badaoui
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.v.D.); (T.K.)
- Department of Medicine Specialties, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.v.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Marc Chanson
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +41-22-37-95-206
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5
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Dong ZW, Liu H, Su FF, Fan XZ, Zhang Y, Liu P. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator prevents ischemia/reperfusion induced intestinal apoptosis via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:918-932. [PMID: 35317058 PMCID: PMC8908288 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i9.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a fatal syndrome that occurs under many clinical scenarios. The apoptosis of intestinal cells caused by ischemia can cause cell damage and provoke systemic dysfunction during reperfusion. However, the mechanism of I/R-induced apoptosis remains unclear. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated chloride channel. Few researchers have paid attention to its role in intestinal I/R injury, or the relationship between CFTR and intestinal apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R).
AIM To investigate the effects of CFTR on I/R-induced intestinal apoptosis and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
METHODS An intestinal I/R injury model was established in mice with superior mesenteric artery occlusion, and Caco2 cells were subjected to H/R for the simulation of I/R in vivo.
RESULTS The results suggested that CFTR overexpression significantly increased the Caco2 cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis induced by the H/R. Interestingly, we found that the translocation of p65, an NF-κB member, from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after H/R treatment can be reversed by the overexpression of CFTR, the NF-κB P65 would return from the nucleus to the cytoplasm as determined by immunostaining. We also discovered that CFTR inhibited cell apoptosis in the H/R-treated cells, and this effect was significantly curbed by the NF-κB activator BA, AKT inhibitor GSK690693 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Moreover, we demonstrated that CFTR overexpression could reverse the decreased PI3K/AKT expression induced by the I/R treatment in vivo or H/R treatment in vitro.
CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that the overexpression of CFTR protects Caco2 cells from H/R-induced apoptosis; furthermore, it also inhibits H/R-induced apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in H/R-treated Caco2 cells and intestinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei-Fei Su
- Department of Cardiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Research Laboratory of Aero-Medical Support, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100000, China
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Tittarelli A. Connexin channels modulation in pathophysiology and treatment of immune and inflammatory disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166258. [PMID: 34450245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Connexin-mediated intercellular communication mechanisms include bidirectional cell-to-cell coupling by gap junctions and release/influx of molecules by hemichannels. These intercellular communications have relevant roles in numerous immune system activities. Here, we review the current knowledge about the function of connexin channels, mainly those formed by connexin-43, on immunity and inflammation. Focusing on those evidence that support the design and development of therapeutic tools to modulate connexin expression and/or channel activities with treatment potential for infections, wounds, cancer, and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Tittarelli
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile.
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Zheng XS, Zheng H, Xu D, Liu PP, Li B, Cao ZM, Liu Y, Liu Y. Effect of zymosan on the expression and function of the gap-junction protein connexin 43 in human corneal fibroblasts. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:341-348. [PMID: 33747807 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of zymosan, a ligand found on the surface of fungi, on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in cultured human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs). METHODS Zymosan was added to the medium of cultured HCFs with or without the administration of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors or the inhibitor kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2) inhibitor IV. The protein and mRNA levels of connexin 43 (Cx43) in HCFs were measured by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. The GJIC activity was tested using a dye-coupling assay. RESULTS The reduction of Cx43 protein and mRNA levels as well as a significant decrease in GJIC activity were observed in cultured HCFs when zymosan was added into the culture medium. Compared with controls (no zymosan), the protein level of Cx43 was reduced by 45% and 54% in the presence of zymosan at 200 and 600 µg/mL, respectively (P<0.05); and it was reduced by 45%, 48%, and 75% in the presence of zymosan (600 µg/mL) for 24, 36, and 48h, respectively (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Cx43 was reduced by 98% in the presence of zymosan (P<0.05). The effects of zymosan on Cx43 expression and GJIC activity were attenuated by the administration of PD98059 [an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling inhibitor] (P<0.05), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor II (P<0.05), and IKK2 inhibitor IV (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Zymosan inhibits the activity of GJIC in cultured HCFs. This effect is likely regulated via the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), MAPK/ERK, and JNK signaling pathways. The inhibitory effects of zymosan on Cx43 expression and GJIC activity in HCFs may induce damage of corneal stroma during corneal fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuo Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping-Ping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Zi-Mu Cao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangzhou Province, China
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8
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Pathophysiology of Lung Disease and Wound Repair in Cystic Fibrosis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:155-188. [PMID: 35366275 PMCID: PMC8830450 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-threatening condition affecting many organs and tissues, the lung disease being the chief cause of morbidity and mortality. Mutations affecting the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene determine the expression of a dysfunctional protein that, in turn, triggers a pathophysiological cascade, leading to airway epithelium injury and remodeling. In vitro and in vivo studies point to a dysregulated regeneration and wound repair in CF airways, to be traced back to epithelial CFTR lack/dysfunction. Subsequent altered ion/fluid fluxes and/or signaling result in reduced cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to be partially triggered in CF, contributing to wound closure alteration. Finally, we pose our attention to diverse approaches to tackle this defect, discussing the therapeutic role of protease inhibitors, CFTR modulators and mesenchymal stem cells. Although the pathophysiology of wound repair in CF has been disclosed in some mechanisms, further studies are warranted to understand the cellular and molecular events in more details and to better address therapeutic interventions.
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Sofoluwe A, Zoso A, Bacchetta M, Lemeille S, Chanson M. Immune response of polarized cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells infected with Influenza A virus. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:655-663. [PMID: 32873524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disease caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, is characterized by dysfunction of the immune response in the airway epithelium that leads to prolonged infection, colonization and exacerbated inflammation. In this study, we determined the gene expression profile of airway epithelial cells knockdown for CFTR (CFTR KD) in response to bacterial and viral challenges. METHODS In a first approach, polarized CFTR KD and their control counterpart (CFTR CTL) cells were stimulated with P. aeruginosa-derived virulence factor flagellin. Next, we developed a model of Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in CTL and CFTR KD polarized cells. mRNA was collected for transcriptome analysis. RESULTS Beside the expected pro-inflammatory response, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis highlighted key molecular pathways and players involved in IAV and anti-viral interferon signaling. Although IAV replication was similar in both cell types, multiplex gene expression analysis revealed changes of key immune genes dependent on time of infection that were found to be CFTR-dependent and/or IAV-dependent. Interferons are key signaling proteins/cytokines in the antibacterial and antiviral response. To evaluate their impact on the altered gene expression profile in CFTR responses to pathogens, we measured transcriptome changes after exposure to Type I-, Type II- and Type III-interferons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal target genes in understanding the defective immune response in the CF airway epithelium in the context of viral infection. Information provided in this study would be useful to understand the dysfunctional immune response of the CF airway epithelium during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Sofoluwe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alice Zoso
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bacchetta
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Chanson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Luscher A, Simonin J, Falconnet L, Valot B, Hocquet D, Chanson M, Resch G, Köhler T, van Delden C. Combined Bacteriophage and Antibiotic Treatment Prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection of Wild Type and cftr- Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1947. [PMID: 32983005 PMCID: PMC7479825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase of infections due to multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens and the shortage of antimicrobial molecules with novel targets, interest in bacteriophages as a therapeutic option has regained much attraction. Before the launch of future clinical trials, in vitro studies are required to better evaluate the efficacies and potential pitfalls of such therapies. Here we studied in an ex vivo human airway epithelial cell line model the efficacy of phage and ciprofloxacin alone and in combination to treat infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Calu-3 cell line and the isogenic CFTR knock down cell line (cftr-) infected apically with P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 showed a progressive reduction in transepithelial resistance during 24 h. Administration at 6 h p.i. of single phage, phage cocktails or ciprofloxacin alone prevented epithelial layer destruction at 24 h p.i. Bacterial regrowth, due to phage resistant mutants harboring mutations in LPS synthesis genes, occurred thereafter both in vitro and ex vivo. However, co-administration of two phages combined with ciprofloxacin efficiently prevented PAO1 regrowth and maintained epithelial cell integrity at 72 p.i. The phage/ciprofloxacin treatment did not induce an inflammatory response in the tested cell lines as determined by nanoString® gene expression analysis. We conclude that combination of phage and ciprofloxacin efficiently protects wild type and cftr- epithelial cells from infection by P. aeruginosa and emergence of phage resistant mutants without inducing an inflammatory response. Hence, phage-antibiotic combination should be a safe and promising anti-Pseudomonas therapy for future clinical trials potentially including cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Luscher
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Simonin
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léna Falconnet
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Valot
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté-Bourgogne, Besançon, France
- Bioinformatique et Big Data au Service de la Santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté-Bourgogne, Besançon, France
- Bioinformatique et Big Data au Service de la Santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Department of Infection Control, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marc Chanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Resch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Induced Cell Death in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155356. [PMID: 32731491 PMCID: PMC7432812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen responsible for the cause of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. P. aeruginosa isthe leading species isolated from patients with nosocomial infection and is detected in almost all the patients with long term ventilation in critical care units. P. aeruginosa infection is also the leading cause of deleterious chronic lung infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis as well as the major reason for morbidity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. P. aeruginosa infections are linked to diseases with high mortality rates and are challenging for treatment, for which no effective remedies have been developed. Massive lung epithelial cell death is a hallmark of severe acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by P. aeruginosa infection. Lung epithelial cell death poses serious challenges to air barrier and structural integrity that may lead to edema, cytokine secretion, inflammatory infiltration, and hypoxia. Here we review different types of cell death caused by P. aeruginosa serving as a starting point for the diseases it is responsible for causing. We also review the different mechanisms of cell death and potential therapeutics in countering the serious challenges presented by this deadly bacterium.
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Gopala Krishnan GK, Sethumadhavan A, Vellaichamy P, Mani M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway in human megakaryocytes. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:229-237. [PMID: 31041998 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infections and contributes to higher mortality in hospitalized individuals. Infection by P. aeruginosa triggers host immune response through activation of pathogen recognition receptors, which are present in innate cells. Several studies have reported the mechanism of P. aeruginosa induced innate immunity in multiple cell types. But so far there is no reports on response of megakaryocytes to P. aeruginosa infection. Hence, our aim was to investigate the precise role and signaling mechanism of megakaryocytes during P. aeruginosa infection. In this study, we used Mo7e cells as representatives of human megakaryocyte and found that P. aeruginosa infection induces cytotoxicity in these cells. We further demonstrated that P. aeruginosa infection modulates p38 and extracellular signal regulated kinase pathways in Mo7e cells. Protein expression profiling in P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide-treated Mo7e cells revealed upregulation of importin subunit β and downregulation of metabolic enzymes. Our results suggest that P. aeruginosa infection regulates mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway and importin in Mo7e cells and that this is a potential mechanism for nuclear translocation of nuclear factor binding near the κ light-chain gene in B cells and c-Jun N-terminal kinases to induce cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Krishnan Gopala Krishnan
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Aiswarya Sethumadhavan
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Pavithra Vellaichamy
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Maheswaran Mani
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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The Role of Connexin-43 in the Inflammatory Process: A New Potential Therapy to Influence Keratitis. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:9312827. [PMID: 30805212 PMCID: PMC6360563 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9312827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies outlined in this review highlight the relationship between inflammatory signaling molecules and connexin-43 (Cx43). Gap junction (GJ) channels and hemichannels (HCs) participate in the metabolic activity between intra- and extracellular space. Some ions and small molecules are exchanged from cell to cell or cell to extracellular space to affect the process of inflammation via GJ. We analyzed the effects of signaling molecules, such as innate immunity messengers, transcription factors, LPS, cytokine, inflammatory chemokines, and MMPs, on Cx43 expression during the inflammatory process. At the same time, we found that these signaling molecules play a critical role in the pathogenesis of keratitis. Thus, we assessed the function of Cx43 during inflammatory corneal disease. Corneal healing plays an essential role in the late stage of keratitis. We found that Cx43 is involved in wound healing. Studies have shown that the decrease of Cx43 can decrease the time of healing. We also report several Cx43 mimic peptides which can inhibit the activity of Cx43 Hc to mediate the releasing of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which may in turn influence the inflammatory process.
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14
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Liu YC, Hussain F, Negm O, Paiva AC, Halliday N, Dubern JF, Singh S, Muntaka S, Wheldon L, Luckett J, Tighe P, Bosquillon C, Williams P, Cámara M, Martínez-Pomares L. Contribution of the Alkylquinolone Quorum-Sensing System to the Interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa With Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3018. [PMID: 30619119 PMCID: PMC6305577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes infections in patients with compromised epithelial barrier function. Multiple virulence factors produced by P. aeruginosa are controlled by quorum sensing (QS) via 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolone (AQ) signal molecules. Here, we investigated the impact of AQs on P. aeruginosa PAO1 infection of differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). The pqsA-E operon is responsible for the biosynthesis of AQs including the 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolones, 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines, and 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinoline N-oxides as exemplified by pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (HHQ), and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO), respectively. PQS and HHQ both act as QS signal molecules while HQNO is a cytochrome inhibitor. PqsE contributes both to AQ biosynthesis and promotes virulence in a PQS-independent manner. Our results show that PQS, HHQ, and HQNO were produced during PAO1 infection of HBECs, but no differences in growth or cytotoxicity were apparent when PAO1 and an AQ-negative ΔpqsA mutant were compared. Both strains promoted synthesis of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-17C by HBECs, and the provision of exogenous PQS negatively impacted on this response without affecting bacterial growth. Expression of pqsE and the PQS-independent PqsE-regulated genes mexG and lecA was detected during HBEC infection. Levels were reduced in the ΔpqsA mutant, that is, in the absence of PQS, and increased by exogenous PQS. These results support an AQ-independent role for PqsE during initial infection of HBEC by P. aeruginosa and for PQS as an enhancer of PqsE and PqsE-controlled virulence determinants and as an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Farah Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ola Negm
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ana Carolina Paiva
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Halliday
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sonali Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sirina Muntaka
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Wheldon
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jeni Luckett
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paddy Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia Bosquillon
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Yue L, Pang Z, Li H, Yang T, Guo L, Liu L, Mei J, Song X, Xie T, Zhang Y, He X, Lin TJ, Xie Z. CXCL4 contributes to host defense against acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205521. [PMID: 30296305 PMCID: PMC6175521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been implicated in pulmonary inflammation following exposure to bacterial stimuli. The mechanisms involved in the platelet-mediated host response to respiratory bacterial infection remain incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that platelet-derived chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) plays critical roles in a mouse model of acute bacterial pneumonia using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Platelets are activated during P. aeruginosa infection, and mice depleted of platelets display markedly increased mortality and impaired bacterial clearance. CXCL4 deficiency impairs bacterial clearance and lung epithelial permeability, which correlate with decreased neutrophil recruitment to BALF. Interestingly, CXCL4 deficiency selectively regulates chemokine production, suggesting that CXCL4 has an impact on other chemokine expression. In addition, CXCL4 deficiency reduces platelet-neutrophil interactions in blood following P. aeruginosa infection. Further studies revealed that platelet-derived CXCL4 contributes to the P. aeruginosa-killing of neutrophils. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that CXCL4 is a vital chemokine that plays critical roles in bacterial clearance during P. aeruginosa infection through recruiting neutrophils to the lungs and intracellular bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hua Li
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Guo
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Longding Liu
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junjie Mei
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xia Song
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin He
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail: (ZX); (TJL)
| | - Zhongping Xie
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (TJL)
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16
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Lu Y, Wang XM, Yang P, Han L, Wang YZ, Zheng ZH, Wu F, Zhang WJ, Zhang L. Effect of gap junctions on RAW264.7 macrophages infected with H37Rv. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12125. [PMID: 30170447 PMCID: PMC6392813 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis and inflammation have been shown to play an important role in the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. When macrophages undergo apoptosis and polarization, gap junctions (GJs) may be needed to provide conditions for their functions. Connexin 43 (Cx43) and connexin 37 (Cx37) are the main connexins in macrophages that participate in the formation of GJ channels. METHODS An H37Rv infection RAW264.7 macrophage model was established to investigate the associate between connexins and host macrophage immune defense response after MTB infection. First, Real-time Polymerase Chian Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of Cx43 and Cx37. Cx43 protein expression and location was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Confocal microscope was used to assay the gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Then, electron microscope used to observe the morphology of macrophages. Finally, RAW264.7 macrophage apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of inflammation factors such as CD86, CD206, and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β were detected by Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA). RESULTS H37Rv infection significantly promoted host macrophage Cx43 mRNA and protein expression (increased 1.6-fold and 0.3-fold respectively), and enhanced host macrophage GJIC. When host macrophage cell-to-cell communication induced by H37Rv infection, the apoptosis rate and inflammatory factors expression also increased. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that H37Rv infection can obviously induce host macrophage Cx43 expression and enhance GJIC, which may implicated in host macrophage inflammatory reaction, to regulate the release of inflammatory factors and/or initiate apoptosis to activate host immune defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases
| | - Xin-min Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Pathophysiology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases
| | - Ying-zi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases
| | - Zhi-hong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases
| | - Wan-jiang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases
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17
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Chanson M, Watanabe M, O'Shaughnessy EM, Zoso A, Martin PE. Connexin Communication Compartments and Wound Repair in Epithelial Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051354. [PMID: 29751558 PMCID: PMC5983803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues line the lumen of tracts and ducts connecting to the external environment. They are critical in forming an interface between the internal and external environment and, following assault from environmental factors and pathogens, they must rapidly repair to maintain cellular homeostasis. These tissue networks, that range from a single cell layer, such as in airway epithelium, to highly stratified and differentiated epithelial surfaces, such as the epidermis, are held together by a junctional nexus of proteins including adherens, tight and gap junctions, often forming unique and localised communication compartments activated for localised tissue repair. This review focuses on the dynamic changes that occur in connexins, the constituent proteins of the intercellular gap junction channel, during wound-healing processes and in localised inflammation, with an emphasis on the lung and skin. Current developments in targeting connexins as corrective therapies to improve wound closure and resolve localised inflammation are also discussed. Finally, we consider the emergence of the zebrafish as a concerted whole-animal model to study, visualise and track the events of wound repair and regeneration in real-time living model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Chanson
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Erin M O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Alice Zoso
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia E Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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18
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Gap Junctions Are Involved in the Rescue of CFTR-Dependent Chloride Efflux by Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Coculture with Cystic Fibrosis CFBE41o- Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29531530 PMCID: PMC5821953 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1203717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in coculture with CF immortalised airway epithelial cells (CFBE41o- line, CFBE) on Transwell® filters acquired an epithelial phenotype and led to the expression of a mature and functional CFTR protein. In order to explore the role of gap junction- (GJ-) mediated intercellular communication (GJIC) in this rescue, cocultures (hAMSC : CFBE, 1 : 5 ratio) were studied for the formation of GJIC, before and after silencing connexin 43 (Cx43), a major component of GJs. Functional GJs in cocultures were inhibited when the expression of the Cx43 protein was downregulated. Transfection of cocultures with siRNA against Cx43 resulted in the absence of specific CFTR signal on the apical membrane and reduction in the mature form of CFTR (band C), and in parallel, the CFTR-dependent chloride channel activity was significantly decreased. Cx43 downregulation determined also a decrease in transepithelial resistance and an increase in paracellular permeability as compared with control cocultures, implying that GJIC may regulate CFTR expression and function that in turn modulate airway epithelium tightness. These results indicate that GJIC is involved in the correction of CFTR chloride channel activity upon the acquisition of an epithelial phenotype by hAMSCs in coculture with CF cells.
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19
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Jin J, Wang T, Wang Y, Chen S, Li Z, Li X, Zhang J, Wang J. SRC3 expressed in BMSCs promotes growth and migration of multiple myeloma cells by regulating the expression of Cx43. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1694-1704. [PMID: 29075794 PMCID: PMC5673026 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and multiple myeloma cells significantly contribute to the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate these interactions. Connexin-43 (Cx-43) has been implicated in the interplay between BMSCs and MM cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the steroid receptor co-activator-3 (SRC3) expressed in BMSCs regulates the expression of Cx-43 to promote the proliferation and migration of myeloma cells. To address this, we co-cultured a human multiple myeloma cell line, RPMI-8226 transfected with either control BMSCs or sh-SRC3-BMSCs. We found that knocking down SRC3 expression in BMSCs inhibited the proliferation and migration of RPMI-8226 cells. In addition, we found that co-culturing RPMI 8266 cells with BMSCs increased Cx43 expression, while knocking down SRC3 expression in BMSCs decreased Cx43 expression. Moreover, our work revealed that SRC3 in BMSCs regulates Cx43 expression via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. To validate this result in vivo, we knocked down SRC3 expression in BMSCs in nude mice and found that tumor growth and cell apoptosis were significantly decreased. In addition, mice treated with either RPMI 8266 cells overexpressing Cx43 or with a P38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) exhibited increased intratumoral leukocyte populations and promoted cell apoptosis in tumor tissue. Our findings demonstrate how SRC3 and Cx43 regulation between BMSCs and myeloma cells mediate cell growth and disease progression, with potential implications for prognosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Shidi Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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20
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Gleisner MA, Navarrete M, Hofmann F, Salazar-Onfray F, Tittarelli A. Mind the Gaps in Tumor Immunity: Impact of Connexin-Mediated Intercellular Connections. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1067. [PMID: 28919895 PMCID: PMC5585150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs)-mediated intercellular communications (GJICs) are connexin (Cx)-formed plasma membrane channels that allow for the passage of small molecules between adjacent cells, and are involved in several physiopathological processes, including immune responses against cancer. In general, tumor cells are poorly coupled through GJs, mainly due to low Cx expression or reduced channel activity, suggesting that Cxs may have tumor suppressor roles. However, more recent data indicate that Cxs and/or GJICs may also in some cases promote tumor progression. This dual role of Cx channels in tumor outcome may be due, at least partially, to the fact that GJs not only interconnect cells from the same type, such as cancer cells, but also promote the intercellular communication of tumor cells with different types of cells from their microenvironment, and such diverse intercellular interactions have distinctive impact on tumor development. For example, whereas GJ-mediated interactions among tumor cells and microglia have been implicated in promotion of tumor growth, tumor cells delivery to dendritic cells of antigenic peptides through GJs have been associated with enhanced immune-mediated tumor elimination. In this review, we provide an updated overview on the role of GJICs in tumor immunity, focusing on the pro-tumor and antitumor effect of GJs occurring among tumor and immune cells. Accumulated data suggest that GJICs may act as tumor suppressors or enhancers depending on whether tumor cells interact predominantly with antitumor immune cells or with stromal cells. The complex modulation of immune-tumor cell GJICs should be taken into consideration in order to potentiate current cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Navarrete
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Hofmann
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Multiple and complex influences of connexins and pannexins on cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017. [PMID: 28625689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental process for organogenesis, immunity and cell renewal. During the last decades a broad range of molecular tools were identified as important players for several different cell death pathways (apoptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis, autosis…). Aside from these direct regulators of cell death programs, several lines of evidence proposed connexins and pannexins as potent effectors of cell death. In the present review we discussed the potential roles played by connexins, pannexins and innexins in the different cell death programs at different scales from gap junction intercellular communication to protein-protein interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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22
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Capasso D, Pepe MV, Rossello J, Lepanto P, Arias P, Salzman V, Kierbel A. Elimination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through Efferocytosis upon Binding to Apoptotic Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006068. [PMID: 27977793 PMCID: PMC5158079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the mucosal barrier represents a formidable challenge. Infections develop only in patients with altered epithelial barriers. Here, we showed that P. aeruginosa interacts with a polarized epithelium, adhering almost exclusively at sites of multi-cellular junctions. In these sites, numerous bacteria attach to an extruded apoptotic cell or apoptotic body. This dead cell tropism is independent of the type of cell death, as P. aeruginosa also binds to necrotic cells. We further showed that P. aeruginosa is internalized through efferocytosis, a process in which surrounding epithelial cells engulf and dispose of extruded apoptotic cells. Intracellularly, along with apoptotic cell debris, P. aeruginosa inhabits an efferocytic phagosome that acquires lysosomal features, and is finally killed. We propose that elimination of P. aeruginosa through efferocytosis is part of a host defense mechanism. Our findings could be relevant for the study of cystic fibrosis, which is characterized by an exacerbated number of apoptotic cells and ineffective efferocytosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that infects vulnerable patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis or hospitalized in intensive care units. An advance towards understanding infections caused by P. aeruginosa would be to fully elucidate the mechanisms that operate in the bacteria-epithelial barrier interplay. Here, we showed that P. aeruginosa exhibits a remarkable tropism towards dead cells. As bacteria interact with a polarized epithelium, they attach and aggregate almost exclusively on apoptotic cells extruded from the epithelium, while the rest of the surface seems reluctant to bacterial adhesion. We further showed that P. aeruginosa is internalized by epithelial cells surrounding the infected apoptotic cell through efferocytosis, a process in which apoptotic cells are engulfed and disposed of by other cells. Bacteria are eliminated intracellularly. Our findings may help to understand why contexts such as cystic fibrosis, where apoptotic cells are unusually produced and efferocytosis fails, favor P. aeruginosa colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Capasso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Pepe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Paula Arias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valentina Salzman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arlinet Kierbel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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23
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Naus CC, Giaume C. Bridging the gap to therapeutic strategies based on connexin/pannexin biology. J Transl Med 2016; 14:330. [PMID: 27899102 PMCID: PMC5129631 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique workshop was recently held focusing on enhancing collaborations leading to identify and update the development of therapeutic strategies targeting connexin/pannexin large pore channels. Basic scientists exploring the functions of these channels in various pathologies gathered together with leading pharma companies which are targeting gap junction proteins for specific therapeutic applications. This highlights how paths of discovery research can converge with therapeutic strategies in innovative ways to enhance target identification and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Christian Giaume
- ICIRB, CNRS UMR7241/INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Paris Cedex 05, France
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Expression and role of connexin-based gap junctions in pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:105-19. [PMID: 27126473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Connexins are transmembrane proteins that can generate intercellular communication channels known as gap junctions. They contribute to the direct movement of ions and larger cytoplasmic solutes between various cell types. In the lung, connexins participate in a variety of physiological functions, such as tissue homeostasis and host defence. In addition, emerging evidence supports a role for connexins in various pulmonary inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, pulmonary hypertension, acute lung injury, lung fibrosis or cystic fibrosis. In these diseases, the altered expression of connexins leads to disruption of normal intercellular communication pathways, thus contributing to various pathophysiological aspects, such as inflammation or tissue altered reactivity and remodeling. The present review describes connexin structure and organization in gap junctions. It focuses on connexins in the lung, including pulmonary bronchial and arterial beds, by looking at their expression, regulation and physiological functions. This work also addresses the issue of connexin expression alteration in various pulmonary inflammatory diseases and describes how targeting connexin-based gap junctions with pharmacological tools, synthetic blocking peptides or genetic approaches, may open new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of these diseases.
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Schwarzer C, Fischer H, Machen TE. Chemotaxis and Binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Scratch-Wounded Human Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150109. [PMID: 27031335 PMCID: PMC4816407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal imaging was used to characterize interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA, expressing GFP or labeled with Syto 11) with CF airway epithelial cells (CFBE41o-, grown as confluent monolayers with unknown polarity on coverglasses) in control conditions and following scratch wounding. Epithelia and PAO1-GFP or PAK-GFP (2 MOI) were incubated with Ringer containing typical extracellular salts, pH and glucose and propidium iodide (PI, to identify dead cells). PAO1 and PAK swam randomly over and did not bind to nonwounded CFBE41o- cells. PA migrated rapidly (began within 20 sec, maximum by 5 mins) and massively (10–80 fold increase, termed “swarming”), but transiently (random swimming after 15 mins), to wounds, particularly near cells that took up PI. Some PA remained immobilized on cells near the wound. PA swam randomly over intact CFBE41o- monolayers and wounded monolayers that had been incubated with medium for 1 hr. Expression of CFTR and altered pH of the media did not affect PA interactions with CFBE41o- wounds. In contrast, PAO1 swarming and immobilization along wounds was abolished in PAO1 (PAO1ΔcheYZABW, no expression of chemotaxis regulatory components cheY, cheZ, cheA, cheB and cheW) and greatly reduced in PAO1 that did not express amino acid receptors pctA, B and C (PAO1ΔpctABC) and in PAO1 incubated in Ringer containing a high concentration of mixed amino acids. Non-piliated PAKΔpilA swarmed normally towards wounded areas but bound infrequently to CFBE41o- cells. In contrast, both swarming and binding of PA to CFBE41o- cells near wounds were prevented in non-flagellated PAKΔfliC. Data are consistent with the idea that (i) PA use amino acid sensor-driven chemotaxis and flagella-driven swimming to swarm to CF airway epithelial cells near wounds and (ii) PA use pili to bind to epithelial cells near wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwarzer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Horst Fischer
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Terry E. Machen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Molina SA, Stauffer B, Moriarty HK, Kim AH, McCarty NA, Koval M. Junctional abnormalities in human airway epithelial cells expressing F508del CFTR. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L475-87. [PMID: 26115671 PMCID: PMC4556929 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00060.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a profound impact on airway physiology. Accumulating evidence suggests that intercellular junctions are impaired in CF. We examined changes to CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function, tight junctions, and gap junctions in NuLi-1 (CFTR(wt/wt)) and CuFi-5 (CFTR(ΔF508/ΔF508)) cells. Cells were studied at air-liquid interface (ALI) and compared with primary human bronchial epithelial cells. On the basis of fluorescent lectin binding, the phenotype of the NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells at week 8 resembled that of serous, glycoprotein-rich airway cells. After week 7, CuFi-5 cells possessed 130% of the epithelial Na(+) channel activity and 17% of the CFTR activity of NuLi-1 cells. In both cell types, expression levels of CFTR were comparable to those in primary airway epithelia. Transepithelial resistance of NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells stabilized during maturation in ALI culture, with significantly lower transepithelial resistance for CuFi-5 than NuLi-1 cells. We also found that F508del CFTR negatively affects gap junction function in the airway. NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells express the connexins Cx43 and Cx26. While both connexins were properly trafficked by NuLi-1 cells, Cx43 was mistrafficked by CuFi-5 cells. Cx43 trafficking was rescued in CuFi-5 cells treated with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), as assessed by intracellular dye transfer. 4-PBA-treated CuFi-5 cells also exhibited an increase in forskolin-induced CFTR-mediated currents. The Cx43 trafficking defect was confirmed using IB3-1 cells and found to be corrected by 4-PBA treatment. These data support the use of NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells to examine the effects of F508del CFTR expression on tight junction and gap junction function in the context of serous human airway cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Molina
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Brandon Stauffer
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah K Moriarty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Agnes H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nael A McCarty
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Koval
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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Abstract
The different types of cells in the lung, from the conducting airway epithelium to the alveolar epithelium and the pulmonary vasculature, are interconnected by gap junctions. The specific profile of gap junction proteins, the connexins, expressed in these different cell types forms compartments of intercellular communication that can be further shaped by the release of extracellular nucleotides via pannexin1 channels. In this review, we focus on the physiology of connexins and pannexins and describe how this lung communication network modulates lung function and host defenses in conductive and respiratory airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Losa
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, 2007 Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Marc Chanson
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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