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Deng Y, Pang X, Chen L, Peng W, Huang X, Huang P, Zhao S, Li Z, Cai X, Huang Q, Zeng J, Feng Y, Chen B. IFI-16 inhibition attenuates myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction. iScience 2024; 27:110568. [PMID: 39188985 PMCID: PMC11345598 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling (MR) following myocardial infarction (MI) contributes to heart failure. Inflammation is a key determinant in cardiac remodeling, with potential prognostic improvements by inhibiting inflammatory factors. Pattern recognition receptors, including interferon gamma-inducible protein-16 (IFI-16), play significant roles in this process, yet its specific involvement remains underexplored. This study investigates IFI-16's role in initiating inflammation via the inflammasome and its direct interaction with galectin-3 protein post-MI. Elevated IFI-16 levels were observed in human and rat myocytes and a mouse MI model under hypoxic, nutrient-deprived conditions, correlating with increased inflammation-associated proteins. Suppression of IFI-16/IFI-204 using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus or adeno-associated virus decreased inflammatory factor activation, thereby mitigating remodeling and enhancing cardiac function post-MI. Co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) and double-fluorescence staining confirmed IFI-16's ability to interact directly with galectin-3. These findings underscore IFI-16's critical role as a pro-inflammatory factor in post-MI MR, suggesting its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Xiuqing Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Weihang Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Peiying Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Zhishang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Xingui Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Qiuping Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Bojun Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
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2
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He W, Mu X, Wu X, Liu Y, Deng J, Liu Y, Han F, Nie X. The cGAS-STING pathway: a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad050. [PMID: 38312740 PMCID: PMC10838060 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wound healing (DWH) represents a major complication of diabetes where inflammation is a key impediment to proper healing. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has emerged as a central mediator of inflammatory responses to cell stress and damage. However, the contribution of cGAS-STING activation to impaired healing in DWH remains understudied. In this review, we examine the evidence that cGAS-STING-driven inflammation is a critical factor underlying defective DWH. We summarize studies revealing upregulation of the cGAS-STING pathway in diabetic wounds and discuss how this exacerbates inflammation and senescence and disrupts cellular metabolism to block healing. Partial pharmaceutical inhibition of cGAS-STING has shown promise in damping inflammation and improving DWH in preclinical models. We highlight key knowledge gaps regarding cGAS-STING in DWH, including its relationships with endoplasmic reticulum stress and metal-ion signaling. Elucidating these mechanisms may unveil new therapeutic targets within the cGAS-STING pathway to improve healing outcomes in DWH. This review synthesizes current understanding of how cGAS-STING activation contributes to DWH pathology and proposes future research directions to exploit modulation of this pathway for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
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3
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Qin Z, Liu H, Sheng Q, Dan J, Wu X, Li H, Wang L, Zhang S, Yuan C, Yuan H, Wang H, Zhou R, Luo Y, Xie X. Mutant p53 leads to low-grade IFN-I-induced inflammation and impairs cGAS-STING signalling in mice. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250211. [PMID: 37377275 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a class of proinflammatory cytokines produced in response to viruses and environmental stimulations, resulting in chronic inflammation and even carcinogenesis. However, the connection between IFN-I and p53 mutation is poorly understood. Here, we investigated IFN-I status in the context of mutant p53 (p53N236S , p53S). We observed significant cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) derived from nuclear heterochromatin in p53S cells, along with an increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes. Further study revealed that p53S promoted cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and IFN-regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) expression, thus activating the IFN-I pathway. However, p53S/S mice were more susceptible to herpes simplex virus 1 infection, and the cGAS-stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway showed a decline trend in p53S cells in response to poly(dA:dT) accompanied with decreased IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes, whereas the IRF9 increased in response to IFN-β stimulation. Our results illustrated the p53S mutation leads to low-grade IFN-I-induced inflammation via consistent low activation of the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis, and STAT1-IRF9 pathway, therefore, impairs the protective cGAS-STING signalling and IFN-I response encountered with exogenous DNA attack. These results suggested the dual molecular mechanisms of p53S mutation in inflammation regulation. Our results could be helping in further understanding of mutant p53 function in chronic inflammation and provide information for developing new therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Qin
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qihuan Sheng
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juhua Dan
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lulin Wang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuojie Zhang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Development on Common Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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4
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Shahi A, Afzali S, Amirzargar A, Mohaghegh P, Salehi S, Mansoori Y. Potential roles of inflammasomes in the pathophysiology of Psoriasis: A comprehensive review. Mol Immunol 2023; 161:44-60. [PMID: 37481828 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease whose pathophysiology is attributed to both innate and adaptive immune cells and molecules. Despite the crucial roles of the immune system in psoriasis, it cannot be categorized as an autoimmune disease because of the lack of main signs of autoimmunity, such as specific antibodies, well-defined antigens, and autoimmune genetic risk factors. The presence of some cellular and molecular properties, such as the presence of neutrophils in skin lesions and the activation of the innate immune system, attributes psoriasis to a group of diseases called autoinflammatory disorders. Autoinflammatory diseases refer to a group of inherited disorders whose main manifestations are recurrent fever, a high level of acute-phase reactant, and a tendency for inflammation of the skin, joints, and other organs like the nervous system. In most autoinflammatory disorders, it has been seen that complexes of the high-molecular-weight protein named inflammasomes have significant roles. The inflammasome complex usually is formed and activated in the stimulated immune cell cytoplasm, and its activation consequently leads to inflammatory events such as producing of active caspase-1, mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18 and can cause an inflammatory programmed cell death called pyroptosis. Since the identification of inflammasomes, it has been shown that there are close links between them and hereditary and acquired autoinflammatory diseases like psoriasis. In this review, we aim to focus on well-defined inflammasome and their role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Mohaghegh
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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5
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Liu D, Lum KK, Treen N, Núñez CT, Yang J, Howard T, Levine M, Cristea I. IFI16 phase separation via multi-phosphorylation drives innate immune signaling. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6819-6840. [PMID: 37283074 PMCID: PMC10359621 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is a prominent sensor of nuclear pathogenic DNA, initiating innate immune signaling and suppressing viral transcription. However, little is known about mechanisms that initiate IFI16 antiviral functions or its regulation within the host DNA-filled nucleus. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence to establish that IFI16 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) nucleated by DNA. IFI16 binding to viral DNA initiates LLPS and induction of cytokines during herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Multiple phosphorylation sites within an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) function combinatorially to activate IFI16 LLPS, facilitating filamentation. Regulated by CDK2 and GSK3β, IDR phosphorylation provides a toggle between active and inactive IFI16 and the decoupling of IFI16-mediated cytokine expression from repression of viral transcription. These findings show how IFI16 switch-like phase transitions are achieved with temporal resolution for immune signaling and, more broadly, the multi-layered regulation of nuclear DNA sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Krystal K Lum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nicholas Treen
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Corazón T Núñez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jinhang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Timothy R Howard
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Zhang S, Zheng R, Pan Y, Sun H. Potential Therapeutic Value of the STING Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:3127. [PMID: 37049889 PMCID: PMC10096477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a critical protein in the activation of the immune system in response to DNA. It can participate the inflammatory response process by modulating the inflammation-preferred translation program through the STING-PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eIF2α pathway or by inducing the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) and a variety of proinflammatory factors through the recruitment of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) or the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Based on the structure, location, function, genotype, and regulatory mechanism of STING, this review summarizes the potential value of STING inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing 401135, China
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Sirt1 Negatively Regulates Cellular Antiviral Responses by Preventing the Cytoplasmic Translocation of Interferon-Inducible Protein 16 in Human Cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0197522. [PMID: 36749073 PMCID: PMC9973000 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01975-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) plays a critical role in antiviral innate immune responses against DNA viruses. Although the acetylation of IFI16 is crucial to its cytoplasmic translocation and downstream signal transduction, the regulation of IFI16 acetylation remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the NAD-dependent deacetylase silent information regulatory 1 (Sirtuin1, Sirt1) interacted with IFI16 and decreased the acetylation of IFI16, resulting in the inhibition of IFI16 cytoplasmic localization and antiviral responses against DNA virus and viral DNA in human cells. Meantime, Sirt1 could not inhibit RNA virus-triggered signal transduction. Interestingly, even p204, the murine ortholog of human IFI16, barely interacted with Sirt1. Thus, Sirt1 could not negatively regulate the acetylation of p204 and subsequent signal transduction upon herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection in mouse cells. Taken together, our research work showed a new mechanism by which Sirt1 manipulated IFI16-mediated host defense. Our study also demonstrated a difference in the regulation of antiviral host defense between humans and mice, which might be considered in preclinical studies for antiviral treatment. IMPORTANCE DNA viruses, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), can cause a wide range of diseases and are considered a global threat to human health. Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) binds virus DNA and triggers antiviral innate immune responses to restrict viral infection. In this study, we identified that silent information regulatory 1 (Sirtuin1, Sirt1) interacted with IFI16 and regulated IFI16-mediated innate host defense. Therefore, the activator or inhibitor of Sirt1 may have the potential to be used as a novel strategy to treat DNA virus-associated diseases. We also found that Sirt1 barely interacted with p204, the murine ortholog of human IFI16, and could not negatively regulate innate immune responses upon HSV-1 infection in mouse cells. This difference between humans and mice in the regulation of antiviral host defense might be considered in preclinical studies for antiviral treatment.
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8
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Kato H, Ohta K, Akagi M, Fukada S, Sakuma M, Naruse T, Nishi H, Shigeishi H, Takechi M, Aikawa T. LL-37-dsRNA Complexes Modulate Immune Response via RIG-I in Oral Keratinocytes. Inflammation 2023; 46:808-823. [PMID: 36763254 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of nucleic acids as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes an inflammatory response. On the other hand, LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, is a multifunctional modulator of immune response, though whether it modulates inflammatory responses induced by nucleic acids in oral keratinocytes is unknown. In this study, we firstly investigated the effect of LL-37 on CXCL10 induced by DAMPs and PAMPs in immortalized oral keratinocytes, RT7. Furthermore, the effects of LL-37 on translocation of exogenous nucleic acids into cytoplasm as well as cytosolic receptor, RIG-I on immune responses mediated by LL-37-nucleic acid complexes were examined. From these results, LL-37 enhanced necrotic cell supernatant (NCS)-induced CXCL10 expression in RT7, while the response was decreased by RNase. Complexes of LL-37 and double-stranded (ds) RNA, Poly(I:C) enhanced CXCL10 expression in comparison with each alone, which were associated with NF-κB activation. Furthermore, LL-37 was shown to bind with ds nucleotides and translocate into cytoplasm. Knockdown of RIG-I decreased expression of CXCL10 induced by LL-37-Poly(I:C) complexes, and RIG-I were co-localized with Poly(I:C) entered by LL-37 in cytoplasm. LL-37 modulates dsRNA-mediated inflammatory response via RIG-I in oral keratinocytes, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Centerand, Chugoku Cancer Center , 3-1 Aoyama-Cho, Kure, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Misaki Akagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shohei Fukada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takako Naruse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishi
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Centerand, Chugoku Cancer Center , 3-1 Aoyama-Cho, Kure, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Tomonao Aikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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9
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Si H, Li S, Nan W, Sang J, Xu C, Li Z. Integrated Transcriptome and Microbiota Reveal the Regulatory Effect of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Supplementation in Antler Growth of Sika Deer. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243497. [PMID: 36552417 PMCID: PMC9774409 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with the growth of the antler, a fast-growing bone organ of Cervidae. However, the benefits of 25(OH)D supplementation on antler growth and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the antler growth profile and transcriptome, plasma parameters, rumen bacteria, and metabolites (volatile fatty acids and amino acids) were determined in sika deer in a 25(OH)D supplementation group (25(OH)D, n = 8) and a control group (Ctrl, n = 8). 25(OH)D supplementation significantly increased the antler weight and growth rate. The levels of IGF-1,25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were significantly higher in the 25(OH)D group than in the Ctrl group, while the levels of LDL-C were lower. The levels of valerate and branched-chain amino acids in the rumen fluid were significantly different between the 25(OH)D and Ctrl groups. The bacterial diversity indices were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the relative abundances of the butyrate-producing bacteria (families Lachnospiraceae and Succinivibrionaceae) and the pyruvate metabolism pathway were higher in the 25(OH)D group. The transcriptomic profile of the antler was significantly different between the 25(OH)D and Ctrl groups, with 356 up- and 668 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 25(OH)D group. The up-regulated DEGs were enriched in the proteinaceous extracellular matrix and collagen, while the down-regulated DEGs were enriched in the immune system and lipid metabolism pathways. Overall, these results provide novel insights into the effects of 25(OH)D supplementation on the host metabolism, rumen microbiota, and antler transcriptome of sika deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Songze Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weixiao Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianan Sang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (Z.L.)
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10
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Zhukov AS, Patrushev AV, Khairutdinov VR, Samtsov AV, Kryukov EV. New aspects of the pathogenesis of psoriasis. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2022. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic multi-factorial immune-mediated inflammatory disease of skin and joints. The variety of clinical forms of dermatosis is consistent with various pathogenetic features of the disease progress which have been significantly supplemented and reviewed recently. Knowledge of these mechanisms will improve and personalize the prescribed therapy.
This study places the emphasis on modern ideas about the formation of T cell memory, the role of melanocytes and innate lymphoid cells. Development mechanisms of guttate and paradoxical psoriasis with important distinguishing characteristics are described separately.
Today, knowledge of the molecular basis of the disease progression has led to the creation and introduction of a number of highly effective targeted drugs into clinical practice. Further developments related to the inhibition of resident memory cells, innate lymphoid cells, as well as the study of guttate psoriasis perpetuation and the occurrence of paradoxical psoriasis will significantly increase the effectiveness of the therapy.
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11
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AlDaif BA, Mercer AA, Fleming SB. The parapoxvirus Orf virus inhibits IFN-β expression induced by dsRNA. Virus Res 2022; 307:198619. [PMID: 34742812 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the type species of the Parapoxvirus genus that belongs to the Poxviridae family. Type I interferons (IFN) are critical in the host defence against viruses. They induce hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) many of which have an antiviral role. The ability of ORFV to modulate type I IFN production was undertaken to investigate whether ORFV could inhibit IFN-β expression via dsRNA dependant signalling pathways. HEK293 cells are known to lack DNA pattern-recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors however, they do express the cytosolic dsRNA receptors RIG-I and MDA5. HEK293 cells were shown to produce high levels of IFN-β when cells were stimulated with poly(I:C) and this was shown to be predominantly via RIG-I-dependant signalling as confirmed by siRNA knock-down of RIG-I. Further we showed that HEK293 cells are permissive for ORFV and caused potent inhibition of IFN-β transcription when cells were stimulated with poly(I:C) post-viral infection. Studies using heat inactivated ORFV suggested that de novo synthesis of early genes was required. In addition our findings showed that the ORFV encoded factor ORF020, that is known to bind dsRNA, is involved in antagonising IFN expression. Overall, this study has shown for first time the ability of ORFV to counteract type I IFN expression by antagonising dsRNA-activated RIG-I signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer A AlDaif
- Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew A Mercer
- Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen B Fleming
- Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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12
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STING Signaling and Skin Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225603. [PMID: 34830754 PMCID: PMC8615888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in immunotherapy against malignancies overcome the disadvantages of traditional systemic treatments; however, this immune checkpoint treatment is not perfect and cannot obtain a satisfactory clinical outcome in all cases. Therefore, an additional therapeutic option for malignancy is needed in oncology. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has recently been highlighted as a strong type I interferon driver and shows anti-tumor immunity against various malignancies. STING-targeted anti-tumor immunotherapy is expected to enhance the anti-tumor effects and clinical outcomes of immunotherapy against malignancies. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in the knowledge gained from research on STING signaling in skin cancers. In addition to the limitations of STING-targeted immunotherapy, we also discuss the clinical application of STING agonists in the treatment of skin cancer.
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13
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Yu Y, Xue X, Tang W, Su L, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Cytosolic DNA‒Mediated STING-Dependent Inflammation Contributes to the Progression of Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:898-906.e4. [PMID: 34537189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by an active dynamic interplay between immune cells and keratinocytes (KCs). STING is a universal receptor that recognizes cytosolic DNA and triggers innate immune activation. This study aims to elucidate the role of STING in the inflammation in psoriasis. STING deficiency alleviated psoriatic symptoms and inflammation in mouse models of psoriasis. Stimulation of macrophages with double-stranded DNA induced STING-dependent release of TNF-α and hydrogen peroxide in vitro. Furthermore, incubation of KCs with TNF-α or hydrogen peroxide increased oxidative DNA damage, induced nuclear DNA release into the cytosol, and inhibited double-stranded DNA‒induced degradation of STING protein. More importantly, transfection of KCs with double-stranded DNA synergized with TNF-α or hydrogen peroxide to induce STING-dependent activation of NF-κB and subsequent expression of Il1b, Ccl20, and Cxcl10. Finally, exposure to 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (a STING agonist) aggravated psoriatic symptoms and inflammation in wild-type mice but not in STING-deficient mice. Collectively, STING functioned as a self-DNA sensor in macrophages and KCs of psoriatic skin. Cytosolic DNA-induced activation of STING in immune cells and KCs acted synergistically and contributed to the inflammation in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, 905th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Tang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Pan Y, You Y, Sun L, Sui Q, Liu L, Yuan H, Chen C, Liu J, Wen X, Dai L, Sun H. The STING antagonist H-151 ameliorates psoriasis via suppression of STING/NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4907-4922. [PMID: 34460100 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein engages in sensing of cytosolic DNA to initiate dsDNA-driven immune responses. In vitro and in vivo anti-psoriasis effects of STING antagonist H-151 were explored. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We analysed the gene expression profile of STING and related downstream targets in the skin samples of healthy people and psoriasis patients from the GEO database. Cellular inhibitory activity of H-151 on STING pathway was confirmed via qPCR and western blotting. The preventive effect of topical application of H-151 on imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice was examined through histological, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent, flow cytometric analysis, ELISA Kits and other approaches. Preliminary mechanistic studies were also performed. KEY RESULTS Gene expressions of STING and its downstream target were up-regulated in lesional skin samples from psoriasis patients. Topical administration of H-151 attenuated the skin lesions in imiquimod-induced psoriatic mouse model, while the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-23 and IL-6), infiltration of M1 macrophages and differentiation of Th17 cells were significantly suppressed by H-151 treatment. Mechanistically, H-151 inhibited STING/NF-κB signalling in both keratinocytes and immune cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS H-151 displayed anti-inflammatory activity in both keratinocytes and immune cells, and decreased the severity of psoriatic response in vivo. Inhibition of STING signalling pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach to psoriasis and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanping You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qibang Sui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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15
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The Psoriatic Nonlesional Skin: A Battlefield between Susceptibility and Protective Factors. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2785-2790. [PMID: 34216605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, large-scale gene-expression studies on psoriatic skin samples revealed that even though nonlesional skin is macroscopically identical to healthy skin, it harbors several molecular differences. Originally, these molecular differences were thought to represent susceptibility factors for plaque formation. However, we review in this paper the several factors of immune regulation and structural alteration that are specific for the nonlesional skin and serve as protective factors by counteracting plaque formation and contributing to the maintenance of the nonlesional phenotype.
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16
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Lindberg E, Baumer Y, Stempinski ES, Rodante JA, Powell-Wiley TM, Dey AK, Nakajima S, Playford MP, Bleck CK, Mehta NN. Nanotomography of lesional skin using electron microscopy reveals cytosolic release of nuclear DNA in psoriasis. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 9:9-14. [PMID: 33598517 PMCID: PMC7868746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lindberg
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erin S. Stempinski
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Justin A. Rodante
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amit K. Dey
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Martin P. Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher K.E. Bleck
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Correspondence to: Nehal N. Mehta, MD, MSCE, FAHA, Chief, Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, 10 Center DriveBethesda, MD 20814.
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17
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Abstract
The innate immune system recognizes conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns and produces inflammatory cytokines that direct downstream immune responses. The inappropriate localization of DNA within the cell cytosol or endosomal compartments indicates that a cell may either be infected by a DNA virus or bacterium, or has problems with its own nuclear integrity. This DNA is sensed by certain receptors that mediate cytokine production and, in some cases, initiate an inflammatory and lytic form of cell death called pyroptosis. Dysregulation of these DNA-sensing pathways is thought to contribute to autoimmune diseases and the development of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the DNA sensors Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and interferon gamma-inducible 16 (IFI16), their ligands, and their physiological significance. We will also examine the less-well-understood DEAH- and DEAD-box helicases DHX9, DHX36, DDX41, and RNA polymerase III, each of which may play an important role in DNA-mediated innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Briard
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David E Place
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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18
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Orvain C, Lin YL, Jean-Louis F, Hocini H, Hersant B, Bennasser Y, Ortonne N, Hotz C, Wolkenstein P, Boniotto M, Tisserand P, Lefebvre C, Lelièvre JD, Benkirane M, Pasero P, Lévy Y, Hüe S. Hair follicle stem cell replication stress drives IFI16/STING-dependent inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3777-3790. [PMID: 32240121 DOI: 10.1172/jci131180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease. HS appears to be a primary abnormality in the pilosebaceous-apocrine unit. In this work, we characterized hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) isolated from HS patients and more precisely the outer root sheath cells (ORSCs). We showed that hair follicle cells from HS patients had an increased number of proliferating progenitor cells and lost quiescent stem cells. Remarkably, we also showed that the progression of replication forks was altered in ORSCs from hair follicles of HS patients, leading to activation of the ATR/CHK1 pathway. These alterations were associated with an increased number of micronuclei and with the presence of cytoplasmic ssDNA, leading to the activation of the IFI16/STING pathway and the production of type I IFNs. This mechanistic analysis of the etiology of HS in the HFSC compartment establishes a formal link between genetic predisposition and skin inflammation observed in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Orvain
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier France
| | - Francette Jean-Louis
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Barbara Hersant
- Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructive.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Yamina Bennasser
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier France
| | - Nicolas Ortonne
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service d'anatomopathologie
| | - Claire Hotz
- Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructive.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service de Dermatologie
| | - Pierre Wolkenstein
- Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructive.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service de Dermatologie
| | - Michele Boniotto
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Pascaline Tisserand
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service d'Immunologie Clinique, and
| | - Monsef Benkirane
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier France
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service d'Immunologie Clinique, and
| | - Sophie Hüe
- INSERM U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
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19
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Iannucci A, Caneparo V, Raviola S, Debernardi I, Colangelo D, Miggiano R, Griffante G, Landolfo S, Gariglio M, De Andrea M. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammation triggered by extracellular IFI16 is enhanced by lipopolysaccharide binding. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008811. [PMID: 32903274 PMCID: PMC7505474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules activating the immune system upon release from injured cells. Here we show that the IFI16 protein, once freely released in the extracellular milieu of chronically inflamed tissues, can function as a DAMP either alone or upon binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Specifically, using pull-down and saturation binding experiments, we show that IFI16 binds with high affinity to the lipid A moiety of LPS. Remarkably, IFI16 DAMP activity is potentiated upon binding to subtoxic concentrations of strong TLR4-activating LPS variants, as judged by TLR4-MD2/TIRAP/MyD88-dependent IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α transcriptional activation and release in stimulated monocytes and renal cells. Consistently, using co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) approaches, we show that IFI16 is a specific TLR4-ligand and that IFI16/LPS complexes display a faster stimulation turnover on TLR4 than LPS alone. Altogether, our findings point to a novel pathomechanism of inflammation involving the formation of multiple complexes between extracellular IFI16 and subtoxic doses of LPS variants, which then signal through TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iannucci
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Caneparo
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Raviola
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Isacco Debernardi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Gloria Griffante
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- CAAD—Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, Turin, Italy
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20
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Kopfnagel V, Dreyer S, Baumert K, Stark M, Harder J, Hofmann K, Kleine M, Buch A, Sodeik B, Werfel T. RNase 7 Promotes Sensing of Self-DNA by Human Keratinocytes and Activates an Antiviral Immune Response. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1589-1598.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Vakrakou AG, Svolaki IP, Evangelou K, Gorgoulis VG, Manoussakis MN. Cell-autonomous epithelial activation of AIM2 (absent in melanoma-2) inflammasome by cytoplasmic DNA accumulations in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2020; 108:102381. [PMID: 31919014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by chronic periductal inflammatory infiltrates in the salivary glands. Several previous studies have indicated that the ductal epithelia of SS patients play a pro-inflammatory role and manifest an intrinsically activated status, as demonstrated in cultured non-neoplastic ductal salivary gland epithelial cell (SGEC) lines. Herein, we investigated the activation of inflammasomes in the salivary epithelia of SS patients and non-SS controls, using salivary biopsy tissues and SGEC lines. The ductal epithelial cells of SS patients were found to display significant activation of the AIM2 (absent in melanoma-2) inflammasome. Such activation occurred in a cell-autonomous manner, as it was illustrated by the constitutively high expression of AIM2 activation-related genes, the presence of cytoplasmic ASC specks and the increased spontaneous IL-1β production observed in patients' SGEC lines. Since AIM2 activation is known to occur in response to cytoplasmic DNA, we further searched for the presence of undegraded extranuclear DNA in the SGEC lines and SG tissues of patients and controls. This investigation revealed marked cytoplasmic accumulations of damaged genomic DNA that co-localized with AIM2 in the specimens of SS patients (but not controls). The SGEC lines and the ductal tissues of SS patients were also found to manifest impaired DNase1 expression and activity, which possibly denotes defective cytoplasmic DNA degradation in patients' cells and AIM2 triggering thereof. In corroboration, DNase1-silencing in normal SGEC was shown to lead to high AIM2-related gene expression and IL-1β production. Our findings indicate that the cell-intrinsic activation status of ductal epithelia in SS patients owes to persistent epithelial AIM2 activation by aberrant cytoplasmic DNA build-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli G Vakrakou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna P Svolaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Menelaos N Manoussakis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece; Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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22
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De Andrea M, De Santis M, Caneparo V, Generali E, Sirotti S, Isailovic N, Guidelli GM, Ceribelli A, Fabbroni M, Simpatico A, Cantarini L, Gisondi P, Idolazzi L, Gariglio M, Selmi C. Serum IFI16 and anti-IFI16 antibodies in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:88-96. [PMID: 31571199 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and anti-IFI16 antibodies have been detected in subjects with several rheumatic diseases, often correlating with disease severity, and in this study we investigated their prevalence and clinical associations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared to psoriasis (Pso). We tested sera and synovial fluids of patients with PsA for IFI16 protein levels by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for anti-IFI16 immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA by ELISA, protein radio-immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation-Western blot of IgG. Sera from patients with Pso and healthy subjects were used as controls, and in a subgroup of patients with PsA we also studied sera after treatment with etanercept. IFI16 was detectable in the sera of 66% of patients with Pso, 46% with PsA and 19% of controls. Among PsA cases, 51% of IFI16-positive cases had elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to 31% of patients with undetectable IFI16. Anti-IFI16 of both IgG and IgA isoforms were detected with significantly higher frequency in PsA and Pso compared to healthy controls, with higher IgG titres in patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0·015). Immunoprecipitation confirmed the presence of anti-IFI16 IgG antibodies and these preferentially recognized epitopes outside the N-terminus of the protein. Lastly, IFI16 was detected in one of seven and anti-IFI16 in three of seven synovial fluids from patients with PsA. Therefore, IFI16 and anti-IFI16 are detectable in serum and synovial fluid of PsA patients, especially in cases of elevated CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - M De Santis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - V Caneparo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - E Generali
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - S Sirotti
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - N Isailovic
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G M Guidelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A Ceribelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - M Fabbroni
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A Simpatico
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Cantarini
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - P Gisondi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L Idolazzi
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Gariglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - C Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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23
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Liu S, Wu F, Wu Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Yu N. IL-17A synergistically enhances TLR3-mediated IL-36γ production by keratinocytes: A potential role in injury-amplified psoriatic inflammation. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:233-239. [PMID: 30614571 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin injury can trigger formation of new lesions in psoriasis (Koebner phenomenon). The mechanisms through which injury exacerbates psoriasis are unclear. During wound repair, epidermal keratinocytes are activated and produce abundant IL-36γ, further promoting the skin inflammation. IL-17A is the cornerstone cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We sought to investigate the effects of IL-17A on injury-induced keratinocyte activation and IL-36γ production. Here, we demonstrated that dsRNA released from necrotic keratinocytes induced the expression of IL-36γ. Silencing of TLR3 by siRNA decreased the IL-36γ induction by necrotic keratinocyte supernatant. Co-stimulation with dsRNA and IL-17A synergistically increased the expression of IL-36γ and other proinflammatory mediators (CCL20, CXCL8, DEFB4 and LCN2) in keratinocytes. The synergistic effects were not dependent on TLR3 upregulation, TNF receptor signalling and mRNA stabilization. Co-stimulation with dsRNA and IL-17A resulted in an accumulation of IκBζ. The synergistic upregulation of IL-36γ and proinflammatory mediators were inhibited by IκBζ siRNA. Co-stimulation with IL-17A and poly(I:C) markedly activated the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathway, compared with poly(I:C). Blockade of p38 MAPK and NF-κB suppressed dsRNA/IL-17A-mediated IκBζ and IL-36γ induction. These findings demonstrated that IL-17A synergistically enhanced the dsRNA-mediated IL-36γ production through a p38 MAPK-, NF-κB-, and IκBζ-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchun Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongzhou Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
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24
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Caneparo V, Landolfo S, Gariglio M, De Andrea M. The Absent in Melanoma 2-Like Receptor IFN-Inducible Protein 16 as an Inflammasome Regulator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Dark Side of Sensing Microbes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1180. [PMID: 29892303 PMCID: PMC5985366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs) are a newly characterized class of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in cytosolic and nuclear pathogen DNA recognition. In recent years, two ALR family members, the interferon (IFN)-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and AIM2, have been linked to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, among which systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has recently gained increasing attention. SLE patients are indeed often characterized by constitutively high serum IFN levels and increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes due to an abnormal response to pathogens and/or incorrect self-DNA recognition process. Consistently, we and others have shown that IFI16 is overexpressed in a wide range of autoimmune diseases where it triggers production of specific autoantibodies. In addition, evidence from mouse models supports a model whereby ALRs are required for IFN-mediated host response to both exogenous and endogenous DNA. Following interaction with cytoplasmic or nuclear nucleic acids, ALRs can form a functional inflammasome through association with the adaptor ASC [apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)] and with procaspase-1. Importantly, inflammasome-mediated upregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 production positively correlates with SLE disease severity. Therefore, targeting ALR sensors and their downstream pathways represents a promising alternative therapeutic approach for SLE and other systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caneparo
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD - Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD - Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.,Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.,Intrinsic Immunity Unit, CAAD - Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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25
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Lättekivi F, Kõks S, Keermann M, Reimann E, Prans E, Abram K, Silm H, Kõks G, Kingo K. Transcriptional landscape of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and other repetitive elements in psoriatic skin. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531256 PMCID: PMC5847543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) sequences make up at least 8% of the human genome. Transcripts originating from these loci as well as proteins encoded by them have been detected in various tissues. HERVs are believed to be implicated in autoimmune diseases, however the extent to which, has remained unclear. Differential expression studies have so far been limited to certain HERV subfamilies with conserved sequences. No studies have been published describing the genome-wide expression pattern of HERVs and repetitive elements in the context of psoriasis. In the present study, we analysed total RNA sequencing data from skin samples of 12 psoriasis patients and 12 healthy controls, which enabled us to describe the entire transcriptional landscape of repetitive elements. We report high levels of repetitive element expression in the skin of psoriasis patients as well as healthy controls. The majority of differentially expressed elements were downregulated in lesional and non-lesional skin, suggesting active HERV suppression in the pro-inflammatory environment of psoriatic skin. However, we also report upregulation of a small subset of HERVs previously described in the context of autoimmune diseases, such as members of the HERV-K and W families, with the potential to affect the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Lättekivi
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Maris Keermann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Reimann
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ele Prans
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristi Abram
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helgi Silm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gea Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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26
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Marin M, Holani R, Shah CB, Odeón A, Cobo ER. Cathelicidin modulates synthesis of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) 4 and 9 in colonic epithelium. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:249-258. [PMID: 28988039 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidin are innate antimicrobial peptides with broad immunomodulatory functions; however, their role in regulating intestinal defenses is not well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the role of cathelicidin modulating expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 and 9 in colonic epithelium in response to bacterial patterns. We demonstrated herein that intestinal epithelial cells, when primed by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), responded to cathelicidin by increased transcription and protein synthesis of TLR4. This cathelicidin-induced response required the interaction of LPS-TLR4 and activation of MAPK signalling pathways. However, cathelicidin blocked TLR9 responses induced by TLR9 ligand CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) in these colonic epithelial cells. Modulations of TLRs triggered by cathelicidin in intestinal epithelium occurred mainly in the apical compartment of intestinal cells. Activation of TLR4 by ligands in combination with cathelicidin promoted CXCL8 chemokine secretion and epithelial antimicrobial defenses against Escherichia coli. We concluded that cathelicidin selectively modulated synthesis of TLR4 and 9 in intestinal epithelium, but only when cells were exposed to virulence factors, mostly from apical surfaces. Enhanced TLR4 expression promoted by cathelicidin in intestinal epithelium may be crucial for controlling enteric infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Marin
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ravi Holani
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Anselmo Odeón
- Animal Production, Balcarce Experimental Station, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
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27
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Molecular requirements for sensing of intracellular microbial nucleic acids by the innate immune system. Cytokine 2017; 98:4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Gram AM, Sun C, Landman SL, Oosenbrug T, Koppejan HJ, Kwakkenbos MJ, Hoeben RC, Paludan SR, Ressing ME. Human B cells fail to secrete type I interferons upon cytoplasmic DNA exposure. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:225-237. [PMID: 28968560 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Most cells are believed to be capable of producing type I interferons (IFN I) as part of an innate immune response against, for instance, viral infections. In macrophages, IFN I is potently induced upon cytoplasmic exposure to foreign nucleic acids. Infection of these cells with herpesviruses leads to triggering of the DNA sensors interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). Thereby, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and the downstream molecules TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) are sequentially activated culminating in IFN I secretion. Human gamma-herpesviruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), exploit B cells as a reservoir for persistent infection. In this study, we investigated whether human B cells, similar to macrophages, engage the cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway to induce an innate immune response. We found that the B cells fail to secrete IFN I upon cytoplasmic DNA exposure, although they express the DNA sensors cGAS and IFI16 and the signaling components TBK1 and IRF3. In primary human B lymphocytes and EBV-negative B cell lines, this deficiency is explained by a lack of detectable levels of the central adaptor protein STING. In contrast, EBV-transformed B cell lines did express STING, yet both these lines as well as STING-reconstituted EBV-negative B cells did not produce IFN I upon dsDNA or cGAMP stimulation. Our combined data show that the cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway is dysfunctional in human B cells. This exemplifies that certain cell types cannot induce IFN I in response to cytoplasmic DNA exposure providing a potential niche for viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Gram
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Sanne L Landman
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Timo Oosenbrug
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Hester J Koppejan
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Maaike E Ressing
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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29
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Manils J, Fischer H, Climent J, Casas E, García-Martínez C, Bas J, Sukseree S, Vavouri T, Ciruela F, de Anta JM, Tschachler E, Eckhart L, Soler C. Double deficiency of Trex2 and DNase1L2 nucleases leads to accumulation of DNA in lingual cornifying keratinocytes without activating inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11902. [PMID: 28928425 PMCID: PMC5605544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornification of keratinocytes on the surface of skin and oral epithelia is associated with the degradation of nuclear DNA. The endonuclease DNase1L2 and the exonuclease Trex2 are expressed specifically in cornifying keratinocytes. Deletion of DNase1L2 causes retention of nuclear DNA in the tongue epithelium but not in the skin. Here we report that lack of Trex2 results in the accumulation of DNA fragments in the cytoplasm of cornifying lingual keratinocytes and co-deletion of DNase1L2 and Trex2 causes massive accumulation of DNA fragments throughout the cornified layers of the tongue epithelium. By contrast, cornification-associated DNA breakdown was not compromised in the epidermis. Aberrant retention of DNA in the tongue epithelium was associated neither with enhanced expression of DNA-driven response genes, such as Ifnb, Irf7 and Cxcl10, nor with inflammation. Of note, the expression of Tlr9, Aim2 and Tmem173, key DNA sensor genes, was markedly lower in keratinocytes and keratinocyte-built tissues than in macrophages and immune tissues, and DNA-driven response genes were not induced by introduction of DNA in keratinocytes. Altogether, our results indicate that DNase1L2 and Trex2 cooperate in the breakdown and degradation of DNA during cornification of lingual keratinocytes and aberrant DNA retention is tolerated in the oral epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Manils
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,The Francis Crick Institute-Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Fischer
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joan Climent
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament d'Immunologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Casas
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC) - Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia García-Martínez
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bas
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament d'Immunologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Supawadee Sukseree
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanya Vavouri
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC) - Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria de Anta
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Concepció Soler
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Eriksson K, Svensson A, Hait AS, Schlüter K, Tunbäck P, Nordström I, Padyukov L, Liljeqvist JÅ, Mogensen TH, Paludan SR. Cutting Edge: Genetic Association between IFI16 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Resistance to Genital Herpes Correlates with IFI16 Expression Levels and HSV-2-Induced IFN-β Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2613-2617. [PMID: 28893956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is an immunological DNA sensor proposed to act in the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes pathway. Because mice do not have a clear ortholog of IFI16, this system is not suitable for genetic studies of IFI16. In this study, we have compared the dependency on IFI16, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, and stimulator of IFN genes for type I IFN induction by a panel of pathogenic bacteria and DNA viruses. The IFN response induced by HSV-2 was particularly dependent on IFI16. In a cohort of patients with genital herpes and healthy controls, the minor G allele of the IFI16 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2276404 was associated with resistance to infection. Furthermore, the combination of this allele with the C allele of rs1417806 was significantly overrepresented in uninfected individuals. Cells from individuals with the protective GC haplotype expressed higher levels of IFI16 and induced more IFN-β upon HSV-2 infection. These data provide genetic evidence for a role for IFI16 in protection against genital herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Eriksson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Svensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alon S Hait
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Schlüter
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Tunbäck
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Nordström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Liljeqvist
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenborg, Sweden; and
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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31
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Scholtissek B, Zahn S, Maier J, Klaeschen S, Braegelmann C, Hoelzel M, Bieber T, Barchet W, Wenzel J. Immunostimulatory Endogenous Nucleic Acids Drive the Lesional Inflammation in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1484-1492. [PMID: 28351661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a photosensitive autoimmune disease characterized by a strong type I IFN-associated inflammation. Keratinocytes are known to determine the interface dermatitis pattern in CLE by production of proinflammatory cytokines in the lower epidermis. These cytokines drive a cytotoxic anti-epithelial immune response resulting in keratinocytic cell death and release of endogenous nucleic acids. We hypothesized that these endogenous nucleic acids (RNA and DNA motifs) have the capacity to activate innate immune pathways in keratinocytes via pathogen recognition receptors. Gene expression analyses showed an excessive activation of innate immune response pathways with strong expression of IFN-regulated cytokines in CLE skin lesions. Cultured keratinocytes produce large amounts of these cytokines in response to stimulation of PRR with endogenous nucleic acids. UV stimulation enhances the immunogenicity of endogenous nucleic acids and induces CLE-like skin lesions in knockout mice lacking the cytosolic DNase TREX1. Our results provide evidence for a pathogenetic role of endogenous nucleic acids in CLE. They are released within the cytotoxic inflammation along the dermo-epidermal junction and have the capacity to drive the CLE-typical inflammation. UV irradiation supports this inflammation by generation of highly immunostimulatory DNA motifs (8-hydroxyguanosine). These findings explain the photosensitivity of patients with lupus and identify pathways of the innate immune system as targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Zahn
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Maier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Klaeschen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hoelzel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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32
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Almine JF, O'Hare CAJ, Dunphy G, Haga IR, Naik RJ, Atrih A, Connolly DJ, Taylor J, Kelsall IR, Bowie AG, Beard PM, Unterholzner L. IFI16 and cGAS cooperate in the activation of STING during DNA sensing in human keratinocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14392. [PMID: 28194029 PMCID: PMC5316833 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human cells can sense the presence of exogenous DNA during infection though the cytosolic DNA receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). Other putative DNA receptors have been described, but whether their functions are redundant, tissue-specific or integrated in the cGAS-cGAMP pathway is unclear. Here we show that interferon-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16) cooperates with cGAS during DNA sensing in human keratinocytes, as both cGAS and IFI16 are required for the full activation of an innate immune response to exogenous DNA and DNA viruses. IFI16 is also required for the cGAMP-induced activation of STING, and interacts with STING to promote STING phosphorylation and translocation. We propose that the two DNA sensors IFI16 and cGAS cooperate to prevent the spurious activation of the type I interferon response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Almine
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Craig A. J. O'Hare
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Gillian Dunphy
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ismar R. Haga
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Rangeetha J. Naik
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Abdelmadjid Atrih
- Fingerprints Proteomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Dympna J. Connolly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jordan Taylor
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ian R. Kelsall
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Andrew G. Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Philippa M. Beard
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Leonie Unterholzner
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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33
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Molès JP, Griez A, Guilhou JJ, Girard C, Nagot N, Van de Perre P, Dujols P. Cytosolic RNA:DNA Duplexes Generated by Endogenous Reverse Transcriptase Activity as Autonomous Inducers of Skin Inflammation in Psoriasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169879. [PMID: 28095445 PMCID: PMC5240966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease of unknown ætiology. Recent studies suggested that a large amount of cytosolic DNA (cyDNA) in keratinocytes is breaking keratinocytes DNA tolerance and promotes self-sustained inflammation in the psoriatic lesion. We investigated the origin of this cyDNA. We show that, amongst all the possible DNA structures, the cyDNA could be present as RNA:DNA duplexes in keratinocytes. We further show that endogenous reverse transcriptase activities generate such duplexes and consequently activate the production of Th1-inflammatory cytokines. These observations open a new research avenue related to endogenous retroelements for the aetiology of psoriasis and probably of other human chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Molès
- Inserm UMR 1058, Montpellier, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Griez
- Inserm UMR 1058, Montpellier, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Guilhou
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CHU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Girard
- Inserm UMR 1058, Montpellier, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CHU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- Inserm UMR 1058, Montpellier, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CHU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Inserm UMR 1058, Montpellier, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CHU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Dujols
- Inserm UMR 1058, Montpellier, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CHU of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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34
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Manils J, Casas E, Viña-Vilaseca A, López-Cano M, Díez-Villanueva A, Gómez D, Marruecos L, Ferran M, Benito C, Perrino FW, Vavouri T, de Anta JM, Ciruela F, Soler C. The Exonuclease Trex2 Shapes Psoriatic Phenotype. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2345-2355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Abstract
The article presents current information about the immune mechanisms of psoriasis. Inflammation in the skin of psoriasis patients is considered as an autoimmune process, in which a key role is played by T-cells sensitized to keratinocytes. One of the most probable self-antigens that trigger an immune inflammation in psoriasis may be cytosolic DNA. We describe the functions of the subpopulations of immune cells and the effects of secreted cytokines in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: the dendritic cells - langerhans cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, CD11c+ dendritic cells ; T-cells - T helper type 1 and 17, cytotoxic t lymphocytes, T-regulatory lymphocytes. Important role in the development of relapses of psoriasis is plays a formation in the skin of patients with T-cell memory and intradermal proliferation of T-cells.
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36
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Peschke K, Achleitner M, Frenzel K, Gerbaulet A, Ada SR, Zeller N, Lienenklaus S, Lesche M, Poulet C, Naumann R, Dahl A, Ravens U, Günther C, Müller W, Knobeloch KP, Prinz M, Roers A, Behrendt R. Loss of Trex1 in Dendritic Cells Is Sufficient To Trigger Systemic Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2157-66. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Cao T, Shao S, Li B, Jin L, Lei J, Qiao H, Wang G. Up-regulation of Interferon-inducible protein 16 contributes to psoriasis by modulating chemokine production in keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25381. [PMID: 27137868 PMCID: PMC4853747 DOI: 10.1038/srep25381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and dermal inflammation. Keratinocyte activation is known to play a critical role in psoriasis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), an innate immune system sensor, is reported to affect keratinocyte function. We therefore hypothesized that IFI16 promotes psoriasis by modulating keratinocyte activation. In the present study, we cinfirmed that IFI16 was overexpressed in epidermal keratinocytes of psoriasis patients. In addition, psoriasis-related cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-22, induced IFI16 up-regulation in keratinocytes via activation of STAT3 signaling. We also observed that IFI16 activated the TBK1-NF-κB signaling, leading to the production of CXCL10 and CCL20. Importantly, knocking down p204, which is reported as the mouse orthologous of human IFI16, inhibited epidermal hyperplasia in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. These findings indicate that IFI16 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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38
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Göblös A, Danis J, Vas K, Bata-Csörgő Z, Kemény L, Széll M. Keratinocytes express functional CARD18, a negative regulator of inflammasome activation, and its altered expression in psoriasis may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Mol Immunol 2016; 73:10-8. [PMID: 27023378 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain family member 18 (CARD18, Iceberg) is known as a negative regulatory molecule that inhibits inflammatory events by terminating inflammasome activation due to a direct interaction with pro-caspase-1. During the investigation of molecular mechanisms in keratinocytes that contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we found that CARD18 expression differs in healthy and psoriatic skin; moreover, CARD18 demonstrated altered response under inflammatory conditions in healthy and psoriatic skin. In healthy skin, low basal CARD18 expression was detected, which showed significant elevation in response to inflammatory stimuli (lymphokine treatment or mechanical injury). In contrast, higher basal expression was observed in psoriatic non-involved skin, but no further induction could be detected. We demonstrated that keratinocytes express CARD18 both at mRNA and protein levels and the expression increased in parallel with differentiation. The investigation of cellular inflammatory processes revealed that psoriasis-associated danger signals triggered the expression of inflammasome components (AIM2, Caspase-1) and CARD18 as well as IL-1β production of keratinocytes. Furthermore, gene-specific silencing of CARD18 in cells treated with cytosolic DNA (poly(dA:dT)) resulted in increased IL-1β secretion, suggesting a negative regulatory role for CARD18 in keratinocyte inflammatory signaling. The differential regulation of CARD18 in healthy and psoriatic uninvolved epidermis may contribute to the susceptibility of psoriasis. Furthermore, our in vitro results indicate that CARD18 may contribute to the fine tuning of keratinocyte innate immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Göblös
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Judit Danis
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Vas
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Márta Széll
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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39
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Tervaniemi MH, Katayama S, Skoog T, Siitonen HA, Vuola J, Nuutila K, Sormunen R, Johnsson A, Linnarsson S, Suomela S, Kankuri E, Kere J, Elomaa O. NOD-like receptor signaling and inflammasome-related pathways are highlighted in psoriatic epidermis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22745. [PMID: 26976200 PMCID: PMC4792137 DOI: 10.1038/srep22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic skin differs distinctly from normal skin by its thickened epidermis. Most gene expression comparisons utilize full-thickness biopsies, with substantial amount of dermis. We assayed the transcriptomes of normal, lesional, and non-lesional psoriatic epidermis, sampled as split-thickness skin grafts, with 5′-end RNA sequencing. We found that psoriatic epidermis contains more mRNA per total RNA than controls, and took this into account in the bioinformatic analysis. The approach highlighted innate immunity-related pathways in psoriasis, including NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling and inflammasome activation. We demonstrated that the NLR signaling genes NOD2, PYCARD, CARD6, and IFI16 are upregulated in psoriatic epidermis, and strengthened these findings by protein expression. Interestingly, PYCARD, the key component of the inflammasome, showed an altered expression pattern in the lesional epidermis. The profiling of non-lesional skin highlighted PSORS4 and mitochondrially encoded transcripts, suggesting that their gene expression is altered already before the development of lesions. Our data suggest that all components needed for the active inflammasome are present in the keratinocytes of psoriatic skin. The characterization of inflammasome pathways provides further opportunities for therapy. Complementing previous transcriptome studies, our approach gives deeper insight into the gene regulation in psoriatic epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari H Tervaniemi
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tiina Skoog
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - H Annika Siitonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Johnsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sari Suomela
- Department of Dermatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Outi Elomaa
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Merkle M, Pircher J, Mannell H, Krötz F, Blüm P, Czermak T, Gaitzsch E, Schneider C, Köppel S, Ribeiro A, Wörnle M. LL37 inhibits the inflammatory endothelial response induced by viral or endogenous DNA. J Autoimmun 2015; 65:19-29. [PMID: 26297208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In viral infection, morbidity and mortality often result from extrahepatic disease manifestations such as vasculitis. We hereby show that human microvascular endothelial cells express viral receptors of the innate immune system which are induced upon ligand engagement. Furthermore, stimulation of endothelial cells with the synthetic analog of viral DNA, poly (dA:dT), human DNA and hepatitis B virus-containing immunoprecipitates from a patient with polyarteritis nodosa induces an inflammatory response including the upregulation of adhesion molecules, which is mediated exclusively by TLR9 and involves an IRF3-dependent pathway. Thus, endothelial cells are able to actively participate in immune mediated vascular inflammation caused by viral infections. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the ability of LL37 to bind and internalize viral or endogenous DNA into non-immune cells. DNA nucleotides internalized by LL37 suppress the production of proinflammatory mediators suggesting a protective effect against direct responses to viral infection or circulating DNA-fragments of endogenous origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Merkle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Hanna Mannell
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Germany
| | - Florian Krötz
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Germany
| | - Philipp Blüm
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Thomas Czermak
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Erik Gaitzsch
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Christine Schneider
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Simone Köppel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Andrea Ribeiro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Markus Wörnle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany.
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41
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Abstract
The innate immune system provides early defense against infections and also plays a key role in monitoring alterations of homeostasis in the body. DNA is highly immunostimulatory, and recent advances in this field have led to the identification of the innate immune sensors responsible for the recognition of DNA as well as the downstream pathways that are activated. Moreover, information on how cells regulate DNA-driven immune responses to avoid excessive inflammation is now emerging. Finally, several reports have demonstrated how defects in DNA sensing, signaling, and regulation are associated with susceptibility to infections or inflammatory diseases in humans and model organisms. In this review, the current literature on DNA-stimulated innate immune activation is discussed, and important new questions facing this field are proposed.
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42
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Jakobs C, Perner S, Hornung V. AIM2 Drives Joint Inflammation in a Self-DNA Triggered Model of Chronic Polyarthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131702. [PMID: 26114879 PMCID: PMC4482750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking DNase II display a polyarthritis-like disease phenotype that is driven by translocation of self-DNA into the cytoplasm of phagocytic cells, where it is sensed by pattern recognition receptors. While pro-inflammatory gene expression is non-redundantly linked to the presence of STING in these mice, the contribution of the inflammasome pathway has not been explored. To this end, we studied the role of the DNA-sensing inflammasome receptor AIM2 in this self-DNA driven disease model. Arthritis-prone mice lacking AIM2 displayed strongly decreased signs of joint inflammation and associated histopathological findings. This was paralleled with a reduction of caspase-1 activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in diseased joints. Interestingly, systemic signs of inflammation that are associated with the lack of DNase II were not dependent on AIM2. Taken together, these data suggest a tissue-specific role for the AIM2 inflammasome as a sensor for endogenous DNA species in the course of a ligand-dependent autoinflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jakobs
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology Köln/Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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43
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Zhao H, Gonzalezgugel E, Cheng L, Richbourgh B, Nie L, Liu C. The roles of interferon-inducible p200 family members IFI16 and p204 in innate immune responses, cell differentiation and proliferation. Genes Dis 2015; 2:46-56. [PMID: 25815367 PMCID: PMC4372153 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p204 is a member of the interferon-inducible p200 family proteins in mice. The p200 family has been reported to be multifunctional regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and senescence. Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is regarded as the human ortholog of p204 in several studies. This is possibly due to the similarity of their structures. However the consistency of their functions is still elusive. Currently, an emerging focus has been placed upon the role of the p200 proteins as sensors for microbial DNA in innate immune responses and provides new insights into infections as well as autoimmune diseases. This review specially focuses on IFI16 and p204, the member of p200 family in human and murine respectively, and their pathophysiological roles in innate immune responses, cell differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States ; Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Elena Gonzalezgugel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Brendon Richbourgh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Lin Nie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States ; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
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Jakobsen MR, Paludan SR. IFI16: At the interphase between innate DNA sensing and genome regulation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:649-55. [PMID: 25027602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA carries the genetic code, and is also a potent stimulator of innate immune responses. IFI16 is a member of the family of PYHIN proteins and is composed of a PYRIN domain involved in homotypic protein-protein interactions and two HIN domains mediating DNA binding. PYHIN proteins have been described to possess functions as innate pattern recognition receptors or transcriptional regulators. Interestingly, it is now emerging that IFI16, which exhibits both nuclear and cytosolic location, possesses both of these functions. In this review we discuss the current literature on IFI16 and propose key questions now facing this field of research. We propose that IFI16 plays a central role in the close interaction between the innate immune system and cellular regulation of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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