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Wu X, Zhang L, Liu C, Cheng Q, Zhao W, Chen P, Qin Y, Chen M. The NS2B-PP1α-eIF2α axis: Inhibiting stress granule formation and Boosting Zika virus replication. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012355. [PMID: 38935808 PMCID: PMC11236161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs), formed by untranslated messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) during cellular stress in eukaryotes, have been linked to flavivirus interference without clear understanding. This study reveals the role of Zika virus (ZIKV) NS2B as a scaffold protein mediating interaction between protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). This interaction promotes eIF2α dephosphorylation by PP1α, inhibiting SG formation. The NS2B-PP1α complex exhibits remarkable stability, resisting ubiquitin-induced degradation and amplifying eIF2α dephosphorylation, thus promoting ZIKV replication. In contrast, the NS2BV35A mutant, interacting exclusively with eIF2α, fails to inhibit SG formation, resulting in reduced viral replication and diminished impact on brain organoid growth. These findings reveal PP1α's dual role in ZIKV infection, inducing interferon production as an antiviral factor and suppressing SG formation as a viral promoter. Moreover, we found that NS2B also serves as a versatile mechanism employed by flaviviruses to counter host antiviral defenses, primarily by broadly inhibiting SG formation. This research advances our comprehension of the complex interplay in flavivirus-host interactions, offering potential for innovative therapeutic strategies against flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linliang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Tissue Engineering and Organ Manufacturing (TEOM) lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Tissue Engineering and Organ Manufacturing (TEOM) lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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2
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Corda PO, Bollen M, Ribeiro D, Fardilha M. Emerging roles of the Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) in the context of viral infections. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:65. [PMID: 38267954 PMCID: PMC10807198 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase in eukaryotes, participating in several cellular processes and metabolic pathways. Due to their low substrate specificity, PP1's catalytic subunits do not exist as free entities but instead bind to Regulatory Interactors of Protein Phosphatase One (RIPPO), which regulate PP1's substrate specificity and subcellular localization. Most RIPPOs bind to PP1 through combinations of short linear motifs (4-12 residues), forming highly specific PP1 holoenzymes. These PP1-binding motifs may, hence, represent attractive targets for the development of specific drugs that interfere with a subset of PP1 holoenzymes. Several viruses exploit the host cell protein (de)phosphorylation machinery to ensure efficient virus particle formation and propagation. While the role of many host cell kinases in viral life cycles has been extensively studied, the targeting of phosphatases by viral proteins has been studied in less detail. Here, we compile and review what is known concerning the role of PP1 in the context of viral infections and discuss how it may constitute a putative host-based target for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro O Corda
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Jiang D, Liu H, Zhu G, Li X, Fan L, Zhao F, Xu C, Wang S, Rose Y, Rhen J, Yu Z, Yin Y, Gu Y, Xu X, Fisher EA, Ge J, Xu Y, Pang J. Endothelial PHACTR1 Promotes Endothelial Activation and Atherosclerosis by Repressing PPARγ Activity Under Disturbed Flow in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e303-e322. [PMID: 37199156 PMCID: PMC10524336 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous genome-wide association studies revealed that SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) at the PHACTR1 (phosphatase and actin regulator 1) locus strongly correlate with coronary artery disease. However, the biological function of PHACTR1 remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the proatherosclerotic effect of endothelial PHACTR1, contrary to macrophage PHACTR1. METHODS We generated global (Phactr1-/-) and endothelial cell (EC)-specific (Phactr1ECKO) Phactr1 KO (knockout) mice and crossed these mice with apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks or partially ligating carotid arteries combined with a 2-week high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. PHACTR1 localization was identified by immunostaining of overexpressed PHACTR1 in human umbilical vein ECs exposed to different types of flow. The molecular function of endothelial PHACTR1 was explored by RNA sequencing using EC-enriched mRNA from global or EC-specific Phactr1 KO mice. Endothelial activation was evaluated in human umbilical vein ECs transfected with siRNA targeting PHACTR1 and in Phactr1ECKO mice after partial carotid ligation. RESULTS Global or EC-specific Phactr1 deficiency significantly inhibited atherosclerosis in regions of disturbed flow. PHACTR1 was enriched in ECs and located in the nucleus of disturbed flow areas but shuttled to cytoplasm under laminar flow in vitro. RNA sequencing showed that endothelial Phactr1 depletion affected vascular function, and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) was the top transcription factor regulating differentially expressed genes. PHACTR1 functioned as a PPARγ transcriptional corepressor by binding to PPARγ through the corepressor motifs. PPARγ activation protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial activation. Consistently, PHACTR1 deficiency remarkably reduced endothelial activation induced by disturbed flow in vivo and in vitro. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished the protective effects of Phactr1 KO on EC activation and atherosclerosis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified endothelial PHACTR1 as a novel PPARγ corepressor to promote atherosclerosis in disturbed flow regions. Endothelial PHACTR1 is a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Guofu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Xiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Faxue Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Chong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Shumin Wang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Yara Rose
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Jordan Rhen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Ze Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Yiheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Yuling Gu
- Shanghai Naturethink Life Science&Technology Co., Itd, Shanghai 201809, China (Y. G.)
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA (E. A. F.)
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
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Tawarayama H, Umeki K, Inoue-Yanagimachi M, Takahashi N, Hasegawa H, Himori N, Tsuda S, Kunikata H, Akaike T, Nakazawa T. Glutathione trisulfide prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced retinal inflammation via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production in glial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11513. [PMID: 37460786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the impact of glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in retinal glia. Inflammatory responses in mouse-derived glial cells and Wistar rat retinas were stimulated with administration of LPS. Cell survival and proinflammatory cytokine production were examined using the Calcein-AM assay, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Retinal microglia were visualized with immunohistochemistry for Iba1. Administration of LPS (10 µg/mL) or GSSSG (less than 100 µM) did not affect survival of cultured primary Müller cells and established microglial cells (BV-2). RT-qPCR and ELISA indicated that GSSSG inhibited LPS-induced gene upregulation and protein secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in these glial cells and rat retinas. GSSSG inhibited LPS-induced activation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which is an upstream kinase of NF-κB, in BV-2 cells. Finally, in vivo experiments indicated that intravitreal administration of GSSSG but not its relative glutathione disulfide (GSSG) inhibited LPS (500 ng)-induced accumulation of Iba1-immunopositive microglia in rat retinas. Taken together, GSSSG has the potential to prevent pathogenesis of inflammation-associated ocular diseases by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine expression in retinal glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tawarayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kota Umeki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Maki Inoue-Yanagimachi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Aging Vision Healthcare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
- Collaborative Program of Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
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5
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Baek J, Ryu B, Kim J, Lee SG, Oh MS, Hong KS, Kim EY, Kim CY, Chung HM. Immunomodulation of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rotator Cuff Tears Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071549. [PMID: 35884853 PMCID: PMC9312476 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) induce chronic muscle weakness and shoulder pain. Treatment of RCT using surgery or drugs causes lipid infiltration and fibrosis, which hampers tissue regeneration and complete recovery. The pluripotent stem cell-derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (M-MSCs) represent potential candidate next-generation therapies for RCT. Methods: The difference between M-MSCs and adult-MSCs was compared and analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, using a rat model of RCT, the muscle recovery ability of M-MSCs and adult-MSCs was evaluated by conducting a histological analysis and monitoring the cytokine expression level. Results: Using NGS, it was confirmed that M-MSC was suitable for transplantation because of its excellent ability to regulate inflammation that promotes tissue repair and reduced apoptosis and rejection during transplantation. In addition, while M-MSCs persisted for up to 8 weeks in vivo, they significantly reduced inflammation and adipogenesis-related cytokine levels in rat muscle. Significant differences were also confirmed in histopathological remission. Conclusions: M-MSCs remain in the body longer to modulate immune responses in RCTs and have a greater potential to improve muscle recovery by alleviating acute inflammatory responses. This indicates that M-MSCs could be used in potential next-generation RCT therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Baek
- Departmentof Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.B.); (S.-G.L.); (M.-S.O.)
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Departmentof Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.B.); (S.-G.L.); (M.-S.O.)
| | - Min-Seok Oh
- Departmentof Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.B.); (S.-G.L.); (M.-S.O.)
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Ki-Sung Hong
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (K.-S.H.); (E.-Y.K.)
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (K.-S.H.); (E.-Y.K.)
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.R.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); Tel.: +82-10-9140-0136 (C.-Y.K.); +82-10-7190-1926 (H.-M.C.); Fax: +82-2-455-9012 (C.-Y.K. & H.-M.C.)
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Departmentof Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.B.); (S.-G.L.); (M.-S.O.)
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (K.-S.H.); (E.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); Tel.: +82-10-9140-0136 (C.-Y.K.); +82-10-7190-1926 (H.-M.C.); Fax: +82-2-455-9012 (C.-Y.K. & H.-M.C.)
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6
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Elimination of negative feedback in TLR signalling allows rapid and hypersensitive detection of microbial contaminants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24414. [PMID: 34952917 PMCID: PMC8709846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exquisite specificity of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to sense microbial molecular signatures is used as a powerful tool to pinpoint microbial contaminants. Various cellular systems, from native human blood cells to transfected cell lines exploit TLRs as pyrogen detectors in biological preparations. However, slow cellular responses and limited sensitivity have hampered the replacement of animal-based tests such as the rabbit pyrogen test or lipopolysaccharide detection by Limulus amoebocyte lysate. Here, we report a novel human cell-based approach to boost detection of microbial contaminants by TLR-expressing cells. By genetic and pharmacologic elimination of negative control circuits, TLR-initiated cellular responses to bacterial molecular patterns were accelerated and significantly elevated. Combining depletion of protein phosphatase PP2ACA and pharmacological inhibition of PP1 in the optimized reporter cells further enhanced the sensitivity to allow detection of bacterial lipoprotein at 30 picogram/ml. Such next-generation cellular monitoring is poised to replace animal-based testing for microbial contaminants.
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7
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Seumen CHT, Grimm TM, Hauck CR. Protein phosphatases in TLR signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:45. [PMID: 33882943 PMCID: PMC8058998 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical sensors for the detection of potentially harmful microbes. They are instrumental in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogenic organisms. However, exaggerated activation of TLR receptor signaling can also be responsible for the onset of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. While positive regulators of TLR signaling, such as protein serine/threonine kinases, have been studied intensively, only little is known about phosphatases, which counterbalance and limit TLR signaling. In this review, we summarize protein phosphorylation events and their roles in the TLR pathway and highlight the involvement of protein phosphatases as negative regulators at specific steps along the TLR-initiated signaling cascade. Then, we focus on individual phosphatase families, specify the function of individual enzymes in TLR signaling in more detail and give perspectives for future research. A better understanding of phosphatase-mediated regulation of TLR signaling could provide novel access points to mitigate excessive immune activation and to modulate innate immune signaling.![]() Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis H T Seumen
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Postablage 621, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tanja M Grimm
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Postablage 621, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Postablage 621, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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8
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Park JH, Kim J, Choi SY, Lee B, Lee JE, Park H, Moon JW, Park SH, Lee JM, Lee HS, Oh J. Albumin inhibits the nuclear translocation of Smad3 via interleukin-1beta signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3196. [PMID: 33542418 PMCID: PMC7862402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to myofibroblasts plays a key role in liver fibrosis. We had previously shown that albumin and its derivative, R-III (a retinol-binding protein—albumin domain III fusion protein), inhibited HSC activation by sequestering retinoic acid (RA) and that R-III administration reduced carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of action of albumin downstream of RA sequestration. Nuclear factor-κB p65 was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm in activated mouse HSCs, whereas albumin expression or R-III treatment (albumin/R-III) caused the nuclear translocation of p65, probably via RA sequestration, resulting in a dramatic increase in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) expression. Albumin/R-III in turn induced the phosphorylation of Smad3 at the linker region, inhibiting its nuclear import in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Consistent with the in vitro results, the level of IL-1β mRNA expression was higher in CCl4/R-III-treated livers than in CCl4-treated livers. These findings reveal that albumin/R-III inhibits the transforming growth factor-β-Smad3 signaling as well as the retinoic acid receptor-mediated pathway, which probably contributes to the inhibition of HSC activation, and suggest that R-III may be an anti-fibrotic drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Park
- Protein Drug Team at New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osong, 28160, Korea
| | - Janghyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - So-Young Choi
- Protein Drug Team at New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osong, 28160, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Heekyung Park
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ji Wook Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hong Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Junseo Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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9
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Baek HS, Hong VS, Kim SH, Lee J, Kim S. KMU-1170, a Novel Multi-Protein Kinase Inhibitor, Suppresses Inflammatory Signal Transduction in THP-1 Cells and Human Osteoarthritic Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes by Suppressing Activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031194. [PMID: 33530480 PMCID: PMC7865241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases regulate protein phosphorylation, which are involved in fundamental cellular processes such as inflammatory response. In this study, we discovered a novel multi-protein kinase inhibitor, KMU-1170, a derivative of indolin-2-one, and investigated the mechanisms of its inflammation-inhibiting signaling in both THP-1 cells and human osteoarthritic fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). We demonstrated that in THP-1 cells, KMU-1170 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and, furthermore, suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1, JNK, ERK, inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α/β (IKKα/β), and NF-κB p65 as well as nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Moreover, KMU-1170 suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, and, notably, inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 cells. Importantly, KMU-1170 attenuated LPS-mediated inflammatory responses in human osteoarthritic FLS, such as the upregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 and the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and NF-κB p65. Collectively, these results suggest that KMU-1170 inhibits inflammatory signal transduction and could be developed as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Baek
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | | | - Sang Hyon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-53-580-5183 (J.L.); +82-53-258-7359 (S.K.); Fax: +82-050-4154-2213 (J.L.); +82-53-258-7355 (S.K.)
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-53-580-5183 (J.L.); +82-53-258-7359 (S.K.); Fax: +82-050-4154-2213 (J.L.); +82-53-258-7355 (S.K.)
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10
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Lannoy V, Côté-Biron A, Asselin C, Rivard N. Phosphatases in toll-like receptors signaling: the unfairly-forgotten. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:10. [PMID: 33494775 PMCID: PMC7829650 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been shown to be on the front line of many illnesses such as autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as allergies and cancer. Among PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most studied family. Dissecting TLRs signaling turned out to be advantageous to elaborate efficient treatments to cure autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, a broad understanding of TLR effectors is required to propose a better range of cures. In addition to kinases and E3 ubiquitin ligases, phosphatases emerge as important regulators of TLRs signaling mediated by NF-κB, type I interferons (IFN I) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases signaling pathways. Here, we review recent knowledge on TLRs signaling modulation by different classes and subclasses of phosphatases. Thus, it becomes more and more evident that phosphatases could represent novel therapeutic targets to control pathogenic TLRs signaling. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lannoy
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Anthony Côté-Biron
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Claude Asselin
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada.
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11
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Xu YR, Lei CQ. TAK1-TABs Complex: A Central Signalosome in Inflammatory Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608976. [PMID: 33469458 PMCID: PMC7813674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family and has been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. TAK1 functions through assembling with its binding partners TAK1-binding proteins (TAB1, TAB2, and TAB3) and can be activated by a variety of stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and toll-like receptor ligands, and they play essential roles in the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that post-translational modifications play important roles in properly controlling the activity, stability, and assembly of TAK1-TABs complex according to the indicated cellular environment. This review focuses on the recent advances in TAK1-TABs-mediated signaling and the regulations of TAK1-TABs complex by post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ran Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao-Qi Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Protein phosphatase 1 in tumorigenesis: is it worth a closer look? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188433. [PMID: 32956763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells take advantage of signaling cascades to meet their requirements for sustained growth and survival. Cell signaling is tightly controlled by reversible protein phosphorylation mechanisms, which require the counterbalanced action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Imbalances on this system are associated with cancer development and progression. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is one of the most relevant protein phosphatases in eukaryotic cells. Despite the widely recognized involvement of PP1 in key biological processes, both in health and disease, its relevance in cancer has been largely neglected. Here, we provide compelling evidence that support major roles for PP1 in tumorigenesis.
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13
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Yang CY, Chuang HC, Tsai CY, Xiao YZ, Yang JY, Huang RH, Shih YC, Tan TH. DUSP11 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Activation by Targeting TAK1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1644-1652. [PMID: 32796023 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 11 (DUSP11, also named as PIR1) is a member of the atypical DUSP protein tyrosine phosphatase family. DUSP11 is only known to be an RNA phosphatase that regulates noncoding RNA stability. To date, the role of DUSP11 in immune cell signaling and immune responses remains unknown. In this study, we generated and characterized the immune cell functions of DUSP11-deficient mice. We identified TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) as a DUSP11-targeted protein. DUSP11 interacted directly with TAK1, and the DUSP11-TAK1 interaction was enhanced by LPS stimulation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. DUSP11 deficiency enhanced the LPS-induced TAK1 phosphorylation and cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, DUSP11-deficient mice were more susceptible to LPS-induced endotoxic shock. The LPS-induced serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly elevated in DUSP11-deficient mice compared with those of wild-type mice. The data indicate that DUSP11 inhibits LPS-induced macrophage activation by targeting TAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Yang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 33302 Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Huai-Chia Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Zhi Xiao
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yu Yang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Huei Huang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Shih
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan; .,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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14
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Loss of Function Genetic Screen Identifies ATM Kinase as a Positive Regulator of TLR3-Mediated NF-κB Activation. iScience 2020; 23:101356. [PMID: 32731169 PMCID: PMC7393402 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR3, a major innate immune pattern recognition receptor of RNA viruses, triggers inflammatory response through the transcription factor NF-κB. However, a genome-wide understanding of the genes and mechanisms regulating TLR3-mediated NF-κB activation is incomplete. We herein report the results of a human genome-wide RNAi screen that identified 591 proteins regulating TLR3-mediated NF-κB response. Bioinformatics analysis revealed several signaling modules including linear ubiquitination assembly complex and mediator protein complex network as regulators of TLR3 signaling. We further characterized the kinase ATM as a previously unknown positive regulator of TLR3 signaling. TLR3 pathway stimulation induced ATM phosphorylation and promoted interaction of ATM with TAK1, NEMO, IKKα, and IKKβ. Furthermore, ATM was determined to coordinate the assembly of NEMO with TAK1, IKKα, and IKKβ during TLR3 signaling. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of TLR3-mediated inflammatory signaling regulation and established a role for ATM in innate immune response. TLR3 is an antiviral innate immune pattern recognition receptor ATM kinase regulates TLR3-mediated inflammatory response ATM kinase facilitates assembly of NEMO with TAK1, IKKα, and IKKβ during TLR3 signaling
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15
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Gorbatyuk MS, Starr CR, Gorbatyuk OS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 79:100860. [PMID: 32272207 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physiological equilibrium in the retina depends on coordinated work between rod and cone photoreceptors and can be compromised by the expression of mutant proteins leading to inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). IRD is a diverse group of retinal dystrophies with multifaceted molecular mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this review, we focus on the contribution of chronically activated unfolded protein response (UPR) to inherited retinal pathogenesis, placing special emphasis on studies employing genetically modified animal models. As constitutively active UPR in degenerating retinas may activate pro-apoptotic programs associated with oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory signaling, dysfunctional autophagy, free cytosolic Ca2+ overload, and altered protein synthesis rate in the retina, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of translational attenuation and approaches to overcoming translational attenuation in degenerating retinas. We also discuss current research on the role of the UPR mediator PERK and its downstream targets in degenerating retinas and highlight the therapeutic benefits of reprogramming PERK signaling in preclinical animal models of IRD. Finally, we describe pharmacological approaches targeting UPR in ocular diseases and consider their potential applications to IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Gorbatyuk
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, USA.
| | - Christopher R Starr
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, USA
| | - Oleg S Gorbatyuk
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, USA
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16
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Delineating the role of eIF2α in retinal degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:409. [PMID: 31138784 PMCID: PMC6538684 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the unfolded protein response has been detected in various animal models of retinal degeneration. The PERK branch converges on eIF2α to regulate protein synthesis. We previously reported that diseased retinas produce less protein as they degenerate. We also proposed that the majority of this reduction in protein synthesis may not be due to control of eIF2α. Nevertheless, multiple research groups have reported that modulating eIF2α levels may be a viable strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, using two genetic approaches, a systemic Gadd34 knockout and a photoreceptor conditional Perk knockout, to alter p-eIF2α levels in rd16 mice, we demonstrate not only that degenerating retinas may not use this mechanism to signal for a decline in protein synthesis rates but also that modulation of p-eIF2α levels is insufficient to delay retinal degeneration.
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17
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Joshi RN, Fernandes SJ, Shang MM, Kiani NA, Gomez-Cabrero D, Tegnér J, Schmidt A. Phosphatase inhibitor PPP1R11 modulates resistance of human T cells toward Treg-mediated suppression of cytokine expression. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:413-430. [PMID: 30882958 PMCID: PMC6850362 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0618-228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) act as indispensable unit for maintaining peripheral immune tolerance mainly by regulating effector T cells. T cells resistant to suppression by Tregs pose therapeutic challenges in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, while augmenting susceptibility to suppression may be desirable for cancer therapy. To understand the cell intrinsic signals in T cells during suppression by Tregs, we have previously performed a global phosphoproteomic characterization. We revealed altered phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 11 (PPP1R11; Inhibitor‐3) in conventional T cells upon suppression by Tregs. Here, we show that silencing of PPP1R11 renders T cells resistant toward Treg‐mediated suppression of TCR‐induced cytokine expression. Furthermore, whole‐transcriptome sequencing revealed that PPP1R11 differentially regulates not only the expression of specific T cell stimulation‐induced cytokines but also other molecules and pathways in T cells. We further confirmed the target of PPP1R11, PP1, to augment TCR‐induced cytokine expression. In conclusion, we present PPP1R11 as a novel negative regulator of T cell activation‐induced cytokine expression. Targeting PPP1R11 may have therapeutic potential to regulate the T cell activation status including modulating the susceptibility of T cells toward Treg‐mediated suppression, specifically altering the stimulation‐induced T cell cytokine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin N Joshi
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sunjay Jude Fernandes
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming-Mei Shang
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Narsis A Kiani
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Translational Bioinformatics Unit, NavarraBiomed, Departamento de Salud-Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jesper Tegnér
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angelika Schmidt
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Gallardo F, Bertran J, López-Arribillaga E, González J, Menéndez S, Sánchez I, Colomo L, Iglesias M, Garrido M, Santamaría-Babí LF, Torres F, Pujol RM, Bigas A, Espinosa L. Novel phosphorylated TAK1 species with functional impact on NF-κB and β-catenin signaling in human Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2018; 32:2211-2223. [PMID: 29511289 PMCID: PMC6170395 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) represent different subtypes of lymphoproliferative disorders with no curative therapies for the advanced forms of the disease (namely mycosis fungoides and the leukemic variant, Sézary syndrome). Molecular events leading to CTCL progression are heterogeneous, however recent DNA and RNA sequencing studies highlighted the importance of NF-κB and β-catenin pathways. We here show that the kinase TAK1, known as essential in B-cell lymphoma, is constitutively activated in CTCL cells, but tempered by the MYPT1/PP1 phosphatase complex. Blocking PP1 activity, both pharmacologically and genetically, resulted in TAK1 hyperphosphorylation at residues T344, S389, T444, and T511, which have functional impact on canonical NF-κB signaling. Inhibition of TAK1 precluded NF-κB and β-catenin signaling and induced apoptosis of CTCL cell lines and primary Sézary syndrome cells both in vitro and in vivo. Detection of phosphorylated TAK1 at T444 and T344 is associated with the presence of lymphoma in a set of 60 primary human samples correlating with NF-κB and β-catenin activation. These results identified TAK1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CTCL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gallardo
- Dermatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Bertran
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Bioinformatics and Medical Statistics Group, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Erika López-Arribillaga
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jéssica González
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Menéndez
- Molecular Therapy of Cancer Group, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Sánchez
- Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Colomo
- Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garrido
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Francisco Santamaría-Babí
- Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Torres
- Biostatistics and Data Management Platform, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Biostatistics Unit. Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Pujol
- Dermatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lluís Espinosa
- Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, CIBERONC, Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Reverendo M, Mendes A, Argüello RJ, Gatti E, Pierre P. At the crossway of ER-stress and proinflammatory responses. FEBS J 2018; 286:297-310. [PMID: 29360216 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells detect specific microbes or damage to tissue integrity in order to initiate efficient immune responses. Abnormal accumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be seen as a sign of cellular malfunction and stress that triggers a collection of conserved emergency rescue programs. These different signaling cascades, which favor ER proteostasis and promote cell survival, are collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). In recent years, a synergy between the UPR and inflammatory cytokine production has been unraveled, with different branches of the UPR entering in a cross-talk with specialized microbe sensing pathways, which turns on or amplify inflammatory cytokines production. Complementary to this synergetic activity, UPR induction alone, can itself be seen as a danger signal, and triggers directly or indirectly inflammation in different cellular and pathological models, this independently of the presence of pathogens. Here, we discuss recent advances on the nature of these cross-talks and how innate immunity, metabolism dysregulation, and ER-signaling pathways intersect in specialized immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), and contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Reverendo
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille cedex 9, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'Mistra', Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Andreia Mendes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille cedex 9, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'Mistra', Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille cedex 9, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'Mistra', Marseille cedex 9, France.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille cedex 9, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'Mistra', Marseille cedex 9, France.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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20
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Perego J, Mendes A, Bourbon C, Camosseto V, Combes A, Liu H, Manh TPV, Dalet A, Chasson L, Spinelli L, Bardin N, Chiche L, Santos MAS, Gatti E, Pierre P. Guanabenz inhibits TLR9 signaling through a pathway that is independent of eIF2α dephosphorylation by the GADD34/PP1c complex. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/514/eaam8104. [PMID: 29363586 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers or amplifies inflammatory signals and cytokine production in immune cells. Upon the resolution of ER stress, the inducible phosphatase 1 cofactor GADD34 promotes the dephosphorylation of the initiation factor eIF2α, thereby enabling protein translation to resume. Several aminoguanidine compounds, such as guanabenz, perturb the eIF2α phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle and protect different cell or tissue types from protein misfolding and degeneration. We investigated how pharmacological interference with the eIF2α pathway could be beneficial to treat autoinflammatory diseases dependent on proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs), the production of which is regulated by GADD34 in dendritic cells (DCs). In mouse and human DCs and B cells, guanabenz prevented the activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or DNA-immunoglobulin complexes in endosomes. In vivo, guanabenz protected mice from CpG oligonucleotide-dependent cytokine shock and decreased autoimmune symptom severity in a chemically induced model of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, we found that guanabenz exerted its inhibitory effect independently of GADD34 activity on eIF2α and instead decreased the abundance of CH25H, a cholesterol hydroxylase linked to antiviral immunity. Our results therefore suggest that guanabenz and similar compounds could be used to treat type I IFN-dependent pathologies and that CH25H could be a therapeutic target to control these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perego
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Andreia Mendes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Clarisse Bourbon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Voahirana Camosseto
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Combes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Hong Liu
- Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Dalet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Spinelli
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Bardin
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, VRCM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Manuel A S Santos
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Aveiro Health Sciences Program University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France. .,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Aveiro Health Sciences Program University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13008 Marseille, France. .,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra," 13008 Marseille, France.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Aveiro Health Sciences Program University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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21
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Proteomic analysis of chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected with recombinant H5N1 avian influenza viruses with and without NS1 eIF4GI binding domain. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8350-8367. [PMID: 29492200 PMCID: PMC5823584 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-structural 1 (NS1) protein is a key virulence factor that regulates replication of influenza virus. A recombinant H5N1 virus lacking the eIF4GI-binding domain of NS1 (rNS1-SD30) exhibits significantly lower pathogenicity than H5N1 virus with an intact eIF4GI-binding domain (rNS1-wt). To further investigate this phenomenon, we performed comparative proteomics analyses to profile host proteins in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) infected with rNS1-wt and rNS1-SD30 viruses. In total, 81 differentially expressed (DE) proteins were identified at 12, 24, and 36 h post-infection. These proteins are mainly involved in the cytoskeletal, apoptotic and stress responses, transcription regulation, transport and metabolic processes, mRNA processing and splicing, and cellular signal transduction. Overexpression of DE proteins revealed that ANXA7 suppresses propagation of rNS1-SD30, but not rNS1-wt viruses. Moreover, ALDH7A1, ANXA7, and DCTN2 strongly enhanced IFN-β promoter activity induced by chicken MDA5 (chMDA5), and in the case of ANXA7, also by the rNS1-SD30 viral strain. NS1-wt co-transfection suppressed the ANXA7-mediated increase in IFN-β promoter activity induced by chMDA5. These findings highlight the role of NS1 eIF4GI binding domain in H5N1 pathogenicity, and may contribute to the design of antiviral strategies to reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with this pathogen.
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22
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Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are recognized by different cellular pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), which are expressed on cell membrane or in the cytoplasm of cells of the innate immune system. Nucleic acids derived from pathogens or from certain cellular conditions represent a large category of PAMPs/DAMPs that trigger production of type I interferons (IFN-I) in addition to pro-inflammatory cytokines, by specifically binding to intracellular Toll-like receptors or cytosolic receptors. These cytosolic receptors, which are not related to TLRs and we call them “Toll-free” receptors, include the RNA-sensing RIG-I like receptors (RLRs), the DNA-sensing HIN200 family, and cGAS, amongst others. Viruses have evolved myriad strategies to evoke both host cellular and viral factors to evade IFN-I-mediated innate immune responses, to facilitate their infection, replication, and establishment of latency. This review outlines these “Toll-free” innate immune pathways and recent updates on their regulation, with focus on cellular and viral factors with enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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23
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POPX2 phosphatase regulates apoptosis through the TAK1-IKK-NF-κB pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3051. [PMID: 28906490 PMCID: PMC5636987 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the leading causes that contributes to tumor relapse and poor patient outcome after several rounds of drug therapy. The causes of chemoresistance are multi-factorial. Ultimately, it is the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic activities in the cells. We have previously reported links between POPX2 serine/threonine phosphatase with cell motility and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Here, we show that POPX2 plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis. The effect of POPX2 on apoptosis centers on the inactivation of TGF-β activated kinase (TAK1). TAK1 is essential for several important biological functions including innate immunity, development and cell survival. We find that POPX2 interacts directly with TAK1 and is able to dephosphorylate TAK1. Cells with lower levels of POPX2 exhibit higher TAK1 activity in response to etoposide (VP-16) treatment. This subsequently leads to increased translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus. Consequently, NF-κB-mediated transcription of anti-apoptotic proteins is upregulated to promote cell survival. On the other hand, cells with higher levels of POPX2 are more vulnerable to apoptosis induced by etoposide. Our data demonstrate that POPX2 is a negative regulator of TAK1 signaling pathway and modulates apoptosis through the regulation of TAK1 activity. As inhibition of TAK1 has been proposed to reduce chemoresistance and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy in certain types of cancer, modulation of POPX2 levels may provide an additional avenue and consideration in fine-tuning therapeutic response.
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24
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Interleukin-1 and TRAF6-dependent activation of TAK1 in the absence of TAB2 and TAB3. Biochem J 2017; 474:2235-2248. [PMID: 28507161 PMCID: PMC5632801 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling induces the formation of Lys63-linked ubiquitin (K63-Ub) chains, which are thought to activate the ‘master’ protein kinase TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) by interacting with its TAK1-binding 2 (TAB2) and TAB3 subunits. Here, we report that IL-1β can also activate the TAB1–TAK1 heterodimer present in TAB2/TAB3 double knockout (DKO) IL-1 receptor-expressing cells. The IL-1β-dependent activation of the TAB1–TAK1 heterodimer in TAB2/3 DKO cells is required for the expression and E3 ligase activity of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and is reduced by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of ubiquitin conjugating 13 (Ubc13), an E2-conjugating enzyme that directs the formation of K63-Ub chains. IL-1β signaling was restored to TAB1/2/3 triple KO cells by the re-expression of either TAB1 or TAB2, but not by an ubiquitin binding-defective mutant of TAB2. We conclude that IL-1β can induce the activation of TAK1 in two ways, only one of which requires the binding of K63-Ub chains to TAB2/3. The early IL-1β-stimulated, TAK1-dependent activation of p38α mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and the canonical IκB kinase (IKK) complex, as well as the NF-κB-dependent transcription of immediate early genes, was similar in TAB2/3 DKO cells and TAB2/3-expressing cells. However, in contrast with TAB2/3-expressing cells, IL-1β signaling was transient in TAB2/3 DKO cells, and the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), JNK2 and p38γ was greatly reduced at all times. These observations indicate a role for TAB2/3 in directing the TAK1-dependent activation of MAP kinase kinases that switch on JNK1/2 and p38γ MAP kinases. These observations and the transient activation of the TAB1–TAK1 heterodimer may explain why IL-1β-dependent IL-8 mRNA formation was abolished in TAB2/3 DKO cells.
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25
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Lai R, Gu M, Jiang W, Lin W, Xu P, Liu Z, Huang H, An H, Wang X. Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein Preferentially Promotes TLR3-Triggered Signaling and Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4086-4095. [PMID: 28411188 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) protects against host immunological responses in nematodes and Drosophila Whether RKIP functions in innate immune responses in mammals remains unknown. In this article, we report that RKIP preferentially regulates the TLR3-mediated immune response in macrophages. RKIP deficiency or silencing significantly decreases polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)]-induced IFN-β, IL-6, and TNF-α production without affecting the counterpart induced by LPS or CpG. Compared with their wild-type counterparts, RKIP-deficient mice produce less IFN-β, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum and display decreased lethality upon peritoneal Poly(I:C) plus d-galactosamine injection. Mechanistically, RKIP interacts with TBK1 and promotes the Poly(I:C)-induced TANK-binding kinase 1/IRF3 activation. Simultaneously, RKIP enhances the Poly(I:C)-induced interaction between TGF-β-activated kinase 1 and MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3), thus promoting MKK3/6 and p38 activation. We further demonstrated that Poly(I:C) treatment, but not LPS treatment, induces RKIP phosphorylation at S109. This action is required for RKIP to promote TANK-binding kinase 1 activation, as well as the interaction between TGF-β-activated kinase 1 and MKK3, which lead to activation of the downstream IRF3 and p38, respectively. Therefore, RKIP acts as a positive-feedback regulator of the TLR3-induced inflammatory response and may be a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Lai
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Meidi Gu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Cancer Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Wenlong Lin
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Penglei Xu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhang An
- Cancer Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China;
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26
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Xia Z, Xu G, Yang X, Peng N, Zuo Q, Zhu S, Hao H, Liu S, Zhu Y. Inducible TAP1 Negatively Regulates the Antiviral Innate Immune Response by Targeting the TAK1 Complex. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3690-3704. [PMID: 28356387 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response is critical for host defense and must be tightly controlled, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for its negative regulation are not yet completely understood. In this study, we report that transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (TAP1), a virus-inducible endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein, negatively regulated the virus-triggered immune response. In this study, we observed upregulated expression of TAP1 following virus infection in human lung epithelial cells (A549), THP-1 monocytes, HeLa cells, and Vero cells. The overexpression of TAP1 enhanced virus replication by inhibiting the virus-triggered activation of NF-κB signaling and the production of IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes, and proinflammatory cytokines. TAP1 depletion had the opposite effect. In response to virus infection, TAP1 interacted with the TGF-β-activated kinase (TAK)1 complex and impaired the phosphorylation of TAK1, subsequently suppressing the phosphorylation of the IκB kinase complex and NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) as well as NF-κB nuclear translocation. Our findings collectively suggest that TAP1 plays a novel role in the negative regulation of virus-triggered NF-κB signaling and the innate immune response by targeting the TAK1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangchuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nanfang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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27
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Analysis of the human monocyte-derived macrophage transcriptome and response to lipopolysaccharide provides new insights into genetic aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006641. [PMID: 28263993 PMCID: PMC5358891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The FANTOM5 consortium utilised cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) to provide an unprecedented insight into transcriptional regulation in human cells and tissues. In the current study, we have used CAGE-based transcriptional profiling on an extended dense time course of the response of human monocyte-derived macrophages grown in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We propose that this system provides a model for the differentiation and adaptation of monocytes entering the intestinal lamina propria. The response to LPS is shown to be a cascade of successive waves of transient gene expression extending over at least 48 hours, with hundreds of positive and negative regulatory loops. Promoter analysis using motif activity response analysis (MARA) identified some of the transcription factors likely to be responsible for the temporal profile of transcriptional activation. Each LPS-inducible locus was associated with multiple inducible enhancers, and in each case, transient eRNA transcription at multiple sites detected by CAGE preceded the appearance of promoter-associated transcripts. LPS-inducible long non-coding RNAs were commonly associated with clusters of inducible enhancers. We used these data to re-examine the hundreds of loci associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in genome-wide association studies. Loci associated with IBD were strongly and specifically (relative to rheumatoid arthritis and unrelated traits) enriched for promoters that were regulated in monocyte differentiation or activation. Amongst previously-identified IBD susceptibility loci, the vast majority contained at least one promoter that was regulated in CSF1-dependent monocyte-macrophage transitions and/or in response to LPS. On this basis, we concluded that IBD loci are strongly-enriched for monocyte-specific genes, and identified at least 134 additional candidate genes associated with IBD susceptibility from reanalysis of published GWA studies. We propose that dysregulation of monocyte adaptation to the environment of the gastrointestinal mucosa is the key process leading to inflammatory bowel disease. Macrophages are immune cells that form the first line of defense against pathogens, but also mediate tissue damage in inflammatory disease. Macrophages initiate inflammation by recognising and responding to components of bacterial cells. Macrophages of the wall of the gut are constantly replenished from the blood. Upon entering the intestine, newly-arrived cells modulate their response to stimuli derived from the bacteria in the wall of the gut. This process fails in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Both the major forms of IBD, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, run in families. The inheritance is complex, involving more than 200 different regions of the genome. We hypothesised that the genetic risk of IBD is associated specifically with altered regulation of genes that control the development of macrophages. In this study, we used the comprehensive transcriptome dataset produced by the FANTOM5 consortium to identify the sets of promoters and enhancers that are involved in adaptation of macrophages to the gut wall, their response to bacterial stimuli, and how their functions are integrated. A reanalysis of published genome-wide association data based upon regulated genes in monocytes as candidates strongly supports the view that susceptibility to IBD arises from a primary defect in macrophage differentiation.
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28
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Hirata Y, Takahashi M, Morishita T, Noguchi T, Matsuzawa A. Post-Translational Modifications of the TAK1-TAB Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010205. [PMID: 28106845 PMCID: PMC5297835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family that is activated by growth factors and cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and mediates a wide range of biological processes through activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. It is well established that activation status of TAK1 is tightly regulated by forming a complex with its binding partners, TAK1-binding proteins (TAB1, TAB2, and TAB3). Interestingly, recent evidence indicates the importance of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of TAK1 and TABs in the regulation of TAK1 activation. To date, a number of PTMs of TAK1 and TABs have been revealed, and these PTMs appear to fine-tune and coordinate TAK1 activities depending on the cellular context. This review therefore focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the PTMs of the TAK1-TAB complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Miki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Tohru Morishita
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Takuya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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29
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Wang L, Zhao J, Ren J, Hall KH, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ, Ning S. Protein phosphatase 1 abrogates IRF7-mediated type I IFN response in antiviral immunity. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2409-2419. [PMID: 27469204 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) plays a key role in the production of IFN-α in response to viral infection, and phosphorylation at IRF7 C-terminal serine sites is prelude to its function. However, phosphatases that negatively regulate IRF7 phosphorylation and activity have not been reported. In this study, we have identified a conserved protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-binding motif in human and mouse IRF7 proteins, and shown that PP1 physically interacts with IRF7. Exogenous expression of PP1 subunits (PP1α, β, or γ) ablates IKKε-stimulated IRF7 phosphorylation and dramatically attenuates IRF7 transcriptional activity. Inhibition of PP1 activity significantly increases IRF7 phosphorylation and IRF7-mediated IFN-α production in response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection or Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) challenge, leading to impaired viral replication. In addition, IFN treatment, TLR challenges and viral infection induce PP1 expression. Our findings disclose for the first time a pivotal role for PP1 in impeding IRF7-mediated IFN-α production in host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Junping Ren
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Kenton H Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan P Moorman
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Zhi Q Yao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA.
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30
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Tian Q, Xiao Q, Yu W, Gu M, Zhao N, Lü Y. The inhibition of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 contributed to neuroprotection via inflammatory reaction in pilocarpine-induced rats with epilepsy. Neuroscience 2016; 325:111-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Wang C, Long W, Peng C, Hu L, Zhang Q, Wu A, Zhang X, Duan X, Wong CCL, Tanaka Y, Xia Z. HTLV-1 Tax Functions as a Ubiquitin E3 Ligase for Direct IKK Activation via Synthesis of Mixed-Linkage Polyubiquitin Chains. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005584. [PMID: 27082114 PMCID: PMC4833305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax plays a key role in CD4+ T cell transformation by promoting cell proliferation and survival, mainly through permanent activation of the NK-κB pathway and induction of many NF-κB target genes. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism is therefore critical in understanding HTLV-1-mediated transformation. Current studies have suggested multiple but controversial mechanisms regarding Tax-induced IKK activation mainly due to blending of primary Tax-induced IKK activation events and secondary IKK activation events induced by cytokines secreted by the primary Tax-induced IKK-NF-κB activation events. We reconstituted Tax-stimulated IKK activation in a cell-free system to dissect the essential cellular components for primary IKK activation by Tax and studied the underlying biochemical mechanism. We found that Tax is a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase, which, together with UbcH2, UhcH5c, or UbcH7, catalyzes the assembly of free mixed-linkage polyubiquitin chains. These free mixed-linkage polyubiquitin chains are then responsible for direct IKK activation by binding to the NEMO subunit of IKK. Our studies revealed the biochemical function of Tax in the process of IKK activation, which utilizes the minimal cellular ubiquitination components for NF-κB activation. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM), a distinct neurological disorder with inflammatory symptoms and incomplete paralysis of the limbs, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive malignant proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Both TSP/HAM and ATL are mainly driven by the activation of IκB kinase (IKK)-NF-κB stimulated by HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax. The molecular mechanism by which Tax activates IKK remains unclear. Here, we found that Tax is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which, together with its cognate ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) UbcH2, UhcH5c, or UbcH7, catalyzes the assembly of unanchored free mixed-linkage polyubiquitin chains. The polyubiquitin chains can activate IKK complex directly by binding to the NEMO subunit. Our studies uncovered the essential cellular factors hijacked by HTLV-1 for infection and pathogenesis, as well as the biochemical function and the underlying mechanism of Tax in the process of IKK activation. Our work might shed light on potential development of therapeutics for TSP/HAM and ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenying Long
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ailing Wu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine C. L. Wong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Zongping Xia
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Qi X, Li C, Wu C, Yu C, Liu M, Gao M, Li C, Yan H, Ren J. Dephosphorylation of Tak1 at Ser412 greatly contributes to the spermatocyte-specific testis toxicity induced by (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:594-601. [PMID: 30090373 PMCID: PMC6062262 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(5R)-5-Hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), a novel triptolide derivative, will proceed to phase II clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. However, the selection of disease and patients is largely limited by the testis toxicity, yet toxicity mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, LLDT-8 dose and time-dependently decreased the testes weight, germinal cell layers and induced abnormal spermatid development. Analysis of the germ cell-specific marker showed that spermatocytes were more sensitive to LLDT-8, which was confirmed by the in vitro sensitivity assay with spermatocyte-like GC-2spd and sertoli-like TM4 cells. In GC-2spd, LLDT-8 induced G1/S arrest and apoptosis. MAPK activity screening identified that TGF-β activated kinase 1 (Tak1) is critical in LLDT-8 induced apoptosis. LLDT-8 reduced the Tak1 protein and dephosphorylated Tak1 at Ser412 in GC-2spd and the testes, but not in TM4. RNAi mediated depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of Tak1 induced apoptosis in GC-2spd. Meanwhile, activating Tak1 rescued up to 50% of the GC-2spd cells from the apoptosis induced by LLDT-8. Altogether, our study firstly revealed the important role of Tak1 in the survival of spermatocytes, and dephosphorylation of Tak1 at Ser412 may contribute to the spermatocyte-specific testis toxicity induced by LLDT-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Qi
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Chunzhu Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , China
| | - Cunzhi Yu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Man Gao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Chenggang Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Hong Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Jin Ren
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
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Jung U, Urak K, Veillette M, Nepveu-Traversy MÉ, Pham QT, Hamel S, Rossi JJ, Berthoux L. Preclinical Assessment of Mutant Human TRIM5α as an Anti-HIV-1 Transgene. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:664-79. [PMID: 26076730 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current HIV-1 gene therapy approaches aim at stopping the viral life cycle at its earliest steps, such as entry or immediate postentry events. Among the most widely adopted strategies are CCR5 downregulation/knockout and the use of broadly neutralizing antibodies. However, the long-term efficacy and side effects are still unclear. TRIM5α is an interferon-stimulated restriction factor that can intercept incoming retroviruses within one hour of cytosolic entry and potently inhibit the infectivity of restriction-sensitive viruses. The human TRIM5α (TRIM5αhu) generally does not efficiently target HIV-1, but point mutations in its capsid-binding domain can confer anti-HIV-1 activity. Although the mechanisms by which TRIM5αhu mutants inhibit HIV-1 are relatively well understood, their characterization as potential transgenes for gene therapy is lacking. Additionally, previous reports of general immune activation by overexpression of TRIM5α have hindered its broad adoption as a potential transgene. Here we demonstrate the ability of the R332G-R335G TRIM5αhu mutant to efficiently restrict highly divergent HIV-1 strains, including Group O, as well as clinical isolates bearing cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations. R332G-R335G TRIM5αhu efficiently protected human lymphocytes against HIV-1 infection, even when expressed at relatively low levels following lentiviral transduction. Most importantly, under these conditions Rhesus macaque TRIM5α (TRIM5αRh) and TRIM5αhu (wild-type or mutated) had no major effects on the NF-κB pathway. Transgenic TRIM5α did not modulate the kinetics of IκBα, JunB, and TNFAIP3 expression following TNF-α treatment. Finally, we show that human lymphocytes expressing R332G-R335G TRIM5αhu have clear survival advantages over unmodified parental cells in the presence of pathogenic, replication-competent HIV-1. These results support the relevance of R332G-R335G and other mutants of TRIM5αhu as candidate effectors for HIV-1 gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Jung
- 1 Division of Molecular & Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte, California
| | - Kevin Urak
- 1 Division of Molecular & Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte, California
| | - Maxime Veillette
- 2 Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | | | - Quang Toan Pham
- 2 Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Sophie Hamel
- 2 Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - John J Rossi
- 1 Division of Molecular & Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte, California.,3 Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Lionel Berthoux
- 2 Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, Canada
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Tanaka Y, Ito S, Oshino R, Chen N, Nishio N, Isobe KI. Effects of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34) on inflammation-induced colon cancer in mice. Br J Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26196182 PMCID: PMC4647681 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34/Ppp1r15a) is a family of GADD proteins that are induced by DNA damage. GADD34 protein has been suggested to regulate inflammation or host defense systems. However, the in vivo function of GADD34 in inflammation is still unclear. Long lasting inflammation, such as that seen in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is associated with a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Using a colitis-associated cancer model, we analysed GADD34-deficient (KO) mice to study the effect of GADD34 on colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis. Results: We found a higher incidence of CRC in wild-type (WT) mice than in GADD34KO mice. Moreover, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammatory responses were downregulated by GADD34 deficiency. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-6, and iNOS/NOS2 was higher in the colons of WT mice than GADD34KO mice. IL-6 is known to activate STAT3 signalling in colonic epithelial cells and subsequently induced epithelial proliferation. We found that IL-6-STAT3 signalling and epithelial proliferation were higher in WT mice compared with GADD34KO mice. Conclusions: These results indicated that GADD34 upregulated pro-inflammatory mediator production leading to a higher tumour burden following azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Reina Oshino
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nana Chen
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naomi Nishio
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Isobe
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Zhou H, Gao S, Duan X, Liang S, Scott DA, Lamont RJ, Wang H. Inhibition of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 enhances TLR-mediated inflammation and promotes endotoxin-driven organ failure. FASEB J 2015; 29:3737-49. [PMID: 25993992 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK)1 is associated with several important pathologic conditions and plays a modulatory role in adaptive immune responses. However, the involvement and functional role of SGK1 in innate immune responses remain entirely unknown. In this study, we establish that SGK1 is a novel and potent negative regulator of TLR-induced inflammation. Pharmacologic inhibition of SGK1 or suppression by small interfering RNA enhances proinflammatory cytokine (TNF, IL-12, and IL-6) production in TLR-engaged monocytes, a result confirmed in Cre-loxP-mediated SGK1-deficient cells. SGK1 inhibition or gene deficiency results in increased phosphorylation of IKK, IκBα, and NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. Enhanced NF-κB p65 DNA binding also occurs upon SGK1 inhibition. The subsequent enhancement of proinflammatory cytokines is dependent on the phosphorylation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), as confirmed by TAK1 gene silencing. In vivo relevance was established in a murine endotoxin model, in which we found that SGK1 inhibition aggravates the severity of multiple organ damage and enhances the inflammatory response by heightening both proinflammatory cytokine levels and neutrophil infiltration. These findings have identified an anti-inflammatory function of SGK1, elucidated the underlying intracellular mechanisms, and establish, for the first time, that SGK1 holds potential as a novel target for intervention in the control of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Zhou
- *Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shegan Gao
- *Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiaoxian Duan
- *Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- *Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David A Scott
- *Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- *Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Huizhi Wang
- *Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Fung TS, Huang M, Liu DX. Coronavirus-induced ER stress response and its involvement in regulation of coronavirus-host interactions. Virus Res 2014; 194:110-23. [PMID: 25304691 PMCID: PMC7114476 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus replication is structurally and functionally associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a major site of protein synthesis, folding, modification and sorting in the eukaryotic cells. Disturbance of ER homeostasis may occur under various physiological or pathological conditions. In response to the ER stress, signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are activated. UPR is mediated by three ER transmembrane sensors, namely the PKR-like ER protein kinase (PERK), the inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1) and the activating transcriptional factor 6 (ATF6). UPR facilitates adaptation to ER stress by reversible translation attenuation, enhancement of ER protein folding capacity and activation of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). In cells under prolonged and irremediable ER stress, UPR can also trigger apoptotic cell death. Accumulating evidence has shown that coronavirus infection causes ER stress and induces UPR in the infected cells. UPR is closely associated with a number of major signaling pathways, including autophagy, apoptosis, the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, innate immunity and pro-inflammatory response. Therefore, studies on the UPR are pivotal in elucidating the complicated issue of coronavirus-host interaction. In this paper, we present the up-to-date knowledge on coronavirus-induced UPR and discuss its potential involvement in regulation of innate immunity and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- To Sing Fung
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Mei Huang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551.
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37
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Gu M, Zhang T, lin W, Liu Z, Lai R, Xia D, Huang H, Wang X. Protein phosphatase PP1 negatively regulates the Toll-like receptor- and RIG-I-like receptor-triggered production of type I interferon by inhibiting IRF3 phosphorylation at serines 396 and 385 in macrophage. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2930-9. [PMID: 25239187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The production of type I interferon must be tightly regulated, and the aberrant production of this protein is harmful or even fatal to the host. The transcription factor IRF3 phosphorylation is a central regulator of type I interferon meditated antiviral response. Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) has been reported to be important in many cell functions, including development, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. However, the roles of PP1 in Toll-like receptor (TLR)- or retinoic acid-inducible gene I like receptor (RLR)-triggered IRF-3 activation remain unclear. Here, we show that the activity of PP1 is downregulated in macrophages upon stimulation with TLR or RLR ligands, including lipopolysaccharide, and poly(I:C), or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), respectively. The overexpression of PP1 selectively inhibits TLR- and VSV-induced interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation but has no substantial effect on TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1),ΚB kinase ε (IKKε) activation. Conversely, RNA interference of PP1 significantly promotes IRF3 activation. Consistently, The overexpression of PP1 inhibits TLR- and VSV-triggered IFN-β production while PP1 knockdown significantly increases the production of IFN-β in macrophages. We further demonstrate that PP1 directly interacts with IRF3 and dephosphorylates IRF3 at Ser385 and Ser396, resulting in the suppression of TLR- and RLR-triggered IFN-β production. Thus, PP1 functions as a negative feedback regulator of TLR- and RLR-triggered antiviral immune responses by acting as an IRF3 phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidi Gu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenlong lin
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongrong Lai
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - He Huang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Ouyang C, Nie L, Gu M, Wu A, Han X, Wang X, Shao J, Xia Z. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation requires phosphorylation of serine 412 by protein kinase A catalytic subunit α (PKACα) and X-linked protein kinase (PRKX). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24226-37. [PMID: 25028512 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.559963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a key kinase in mediating Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling. Although TAK1 activation involves the phosphorylation of Thr-184 and Thr-187 residues at the activation loop, the molecular mechanism underlying the complete activation of TAK1 remains elusive. In this work, we show that the Thr-187 phosphorylation of TAK1 is regulated by its C-terminal coiled-coil domain-mediated dimerization in an autophosphorylation manner. Importantly, we find that TAK1 activation in mediating downstream signaling requires an additional phosphorylation at Ser-412, which is critical for TAK1 response to proinflammatory stimuli, such as TNF-α, LPS, and IL-1β. In vitro kinase and shRNA-based knockdown assays reveal that TAK1 Ser-412 phosphorylation is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit α (PKACα) and X-linked protein kinase (PRKX), which is essential for proper signaling and proinflammatory cytokine induction by TLR/IL-1R activation. Morpholino-based in vivo knockdown and rescue studies show that the corresponding site Ser-391 in zebrafish TAK1 plays a conserved role in NF-κB activation. Collectively, our data unravel a previously unknown mechanism involving TAK1 phosphorylation mediated by PKACα and PRKX that contributes to innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ouyang
- From the Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine and Innovation Center for Cell Biology
| | - Li Nie
- the College of Life Science, and
| | - Meidi Gu
- the Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ailing Wu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine and Innovation Center for Cell Biology
| | - Xu Han
- From the Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine and Innovation Center for Cell Biology
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- the Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Zongping Xia
- From the Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine and Innovation Center for Cell Biology,
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Fung TS, Liu DX. Coronavirus infection, ER stress, apoptosis and innate immunity. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:296. [PMID: 24987391 PMCID: PMC4060729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication of coronavirus, a family of important animal and human pathogens, is closely associated with the cellular membrane compartments, especially the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Coronavirus infection of cultured cells was previously shown to cause ER stress and induce the unfolded protein response (UPR), a process that aims to restore the ER homeostasis by global translation shutdown and increasing the ER folding capacity. However, under prolonged ER stress, UPR can also induce apoptotic cell death. Accumulating evidence from recent studies has shown that induction of ER stress and UPR may constitute a major aspect of coronavirus–host interaction. Activation of the three branches of UPR modulates a wide variety of signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation, autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immune response. ER stress and UPR activation may therefore contribute significantly to the viral replication and pathogenesis during coronavirus infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on coronavirus-induced ER stress and UPR activation, with emphasis on their cross-talking to apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- To S Fung
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ding X Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
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