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Anderko RR, Mailliard RB. Mapping the interplay between NK cells and HIV: therapeutic implications. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:109-138. [PMID: 36822173 PMCID: PMC10043732 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although highly effective at durably suppressing plasma HIV-1 viremia, combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment regimens do not eradicate the virus, which persists in long-lived CD4+ T cells. This latent viral reservoir serves as a source of plasma viral rebound following treatment interruption, thus requiring lifelong adherence to ART. Additionally, challenges remain related not only to access to therapy but also to a higher prevalence of comorbidities with an inflammatory etiology in treated HIV-1+ individuals, underscoring the need to explore therapeutic alternatives that achieve sustained virologic remission in the absence of ART. Natural killer (NK) cells are uniquely positioned to positively impact antiviral immunity, in part due to the pleiotropic nature of their effector functions, including the acquisition of memory-like features, and, therefore, hold great promise for transforming HIV-1 therapeutic modalities. In addition to defining the ability of NK cells to contribute to HIV-1 control, this review provides a basic immunologic understanding of the impact of HIV-1 infection and ART on the phenotypic and functional character of NK cells. We further delineate the qualities of "memory" NK cell populations, as well as the impact of HCMV on their induction and subsequent expansion in HIV-1 infection. We conclude by highlighting promising avenues for optimizing NK cell responses to improve HIV-1 control and effect a functional cure, including blockade of inhibitory NK receptors, TLR agonists to promote latency reversal and NK cell activation, CAR NK cells, BiKEs/TriKEs, and the role of HIV-1-specific bNAbs in NK cell-mediated ADCC activity against HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee R. Anderko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Robbie B. Mailliard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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2
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Rascle P, Woolley G, Jost S, Manickam C, Reeves RK. NK cell education: Physiological and pathological influences. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087155. [PMID: 36742337 PMCID: PMC9896005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent a critical defense against viral infections and cancers. NK cells require integration of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors to detect target cells and the balance of these NK cell inputs defines the global NK cell response. The sensitivity of the response is largely defined by interactions between self-major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules and specific inhibitory NK cell receptors, so-called NK cell education. Thus, NK cell education is a crucial process to generate tuned effector NK cell responses in different diseases. In this review, we discuss the relationship between NK cell education and physiologic factors (type of self-MHC-I, self-MHC-I allelic variants, variant of the self-MHC-I-binding peptides, cytokine effects and inhibitory KIR expression) underlying NK cell education profiles (effector function or metabolism). Additionally, we describe the broad-spectrum of effector educated NK cell functions on different pathologies (such as HIV-1, CMV and tumors, among others).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rascle
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Griffin Woolley
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Barnes SA, Trew I, de Jong E, Foley B. Making a Killer: Selecting the Optimal Natural Killer Cells for Improved Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765705. [PMID: 34777383 PMCID: PMC8578927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies have emerged as a safe and effective treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia. Unlike T cell-based therapies, NK cells harbor an innate capacity to eliminate malignant cells without prior sensitization and can be adoptively transferred between individuals without the need for extensive HLA matching. A wide variety of therapeutic NK cell sources are currently being investigated clinically, including allogeneic donor-derived NK cells, stem cell-derived NK cells and NK cell lines. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that not all NK cells are endowed with the same antitumor potential. Despite advances in techniques to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and persistence, the initial identification and utilization of highly functional NK cells remains essential to ensure the future success of adoptive NK cell therapies. Indeed, little consideration has been given to the identification and selection of donors who harbor NK cells with potent antitumor activity. In this regard, there is currently no standard donor selection criteria for adoptive NK cell therapy. Here, we review our current understanding of the factors which govern NK cell functional fate, and propose a paradigm shift away from traditional phenotypic characterization of NK cell subsets towards a functional profile based on molecular and metabolic characteristics. We also discuss previous selection models for NK cell-based immunotherapies and highlight important considerations for the selection of optimal NK cell donors for future adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Barnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Isabella Trew
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Emma de Jong
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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4
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Structural plasticity of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 enables altered docking geometries atop HLA-C. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2173. [PMID: 33846289 PMCID: PMC8041999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The closely related inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3, regulate the activation of natural killer cells (NK) by interacting with the human leukocyte antigen-C1 (HLA-C1) group of molecules. KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3 and HLA-C1 are highly polymorphic, with this variation being associated with differences in the onset and progression of some human diseases. However, the molecular bases underlying these associations remain unresolved. Here, we determined the crystal structures of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 in complex with HLA-C*07:02 presenting a self-epitope. KIR2DL2 differed from KIR2DL3 in docking modality over HLA-C*07:02 that correlates with variabilty of recognition of HLA-C1 allotypes. Mutagenesis assays indicated differences in the mechanism of HLA-C1 allotype recognition by KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3. Similarly, HLA-C1 allotypes differed markedly in their capacity to inhibit activation of primary NK cells. These functional differences derive, in part, from KIR2DS2 suggesting KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 binding geometries combine with other factors to distinguish HLA-C1 functional recognition.
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5
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Saunders PM, MacLachlan BJ, Widjaja J, Wong SC, Oates CVL, Rossjohn J, Vivian JP, Brooks AG. The Role of the HLA Class I α2 Helix in Determining Ligand Hierarchy for the Killer Cell Ig-like Receptor 3DL1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:849-860. [PMID: 33441440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
HLA class I molecules that represent ligands for the inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) 3DL1 found on NK cells are categorically defined as those HLA-A and HLA-B allotypes containing the Bw4 motif, yet KIR3DL1 demonstrates hierarchical recognition of these HLA-Bw4 ligands. To better understand the molecular basis underpinning differential KIR3DL1 recognition, the HLA-ABw4 family of allotypes were investigated. Transfected human 721.221 cells expressing HLA-A*32:01 strongly inhibited primary human KIR3DL1+ NK cells, whereas HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-A*23:01 displayed intermediate potency and HLA-A*25:01 failed to inhibit activation of KIR3DL1+ NK cells. Structural studies demonstrated that recognition of HLA-A*24:02 by KIR3DL1 used identical contacts as the potent HLA-B*57:01 ligand. Namely, the D1-D2 domains of KIR3DL1 were placed over the α1 helix and α2 helix of the HLA-A*24:02 binding cleft, respectively, whereas the D0 domain contacted the side of the HLA-A*24:02 molecule. Nevertheless, functional analyses showed KIR3DL1 recognition of HLA-A*24:02 was more sensitive to substitutions within the α2 helix of HLA-A*24:02, including residues Ile142 and Lys144 Furthermore, the presence of Thr149 in the α2 helix of HLA-A*25:01 abrogated KIR3DL1+ NK inhibition. Together, these data demonstrate a role for the HLA class I α2 helix in determining the hierarchy of KIR3DL1 ligands. Thus, recognition of HLA class I is dependent on a complex interplay between the peptide repertoire, polymorphisms within and proximal to the Bw4 motif, and the α2 helix. Collectively, the data furthers our understanding of KIR3DL1 ligands and will inform genetic association and immunogenetics studies examining the role of KIR3DL1 in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia;
| | - Bruce J MacLachlan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Widjaja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Shu Cheng Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Clare V L Oates
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia;
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6
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The molecular basis of how buried human leukocyte antigen polymorphism modulates natural killer cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11636-11647. [PMID: 32404419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920570117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Micropolymorphisms within human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules can change the architecture of the peptide-binding cleft, leading to differences in peptide presentation and T cell recognition. The impact of such HLA variation on natural killer (NK) cell recognition remains unclear. Given the differential association of HLA-B*57:01 and HLA-B*57:03 with the control of HIV, recognition of these HLA-B57 allomorphs by the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 3DL1 was compared. Despite differing by only two polymorphic residues, both buried within the peptide-binding cleft, HLA-B*57:01 more potently inhibited NK cell activation. Direct-binding studies showed KIR3DL1 to preferentially recognize HLA-B*57:01, particularly when presenting peptides with positively charged position (P)Ω-2 residues. In HLA-B*57:01, charged PΩ-2 residues were oriented toward the peptide-binding cleft and away from KIR3DL1. In HLA-B*57:03, the charged PΩ-2 residues protruded out from the cleft and directly impacted KIR3DL1 engagement. Accordingly, KIR3DL1 recognition of HLA class I ligands is modulated by both the peptide sequence and conformation, as determined by the HLA polymorphic framework, providing a rationale for understanding differences in clinical associations.
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7
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The Education of NK Cells Determines Their Responsiveness to Autologous HIV-Infected CD4 T Cells. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01185-19. [PMID: 31511383 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01185-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies support a role for specific killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-HLA combinations in protection from HIV infection and slower progression to AIDS. Natural killer (NK) cells acquire effector functions through education, a process that requires the interaction of inhibitory NK cell receptors with their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (or HLA class I [HLA-I]) ligands. HLA-C allotypes are ligands for the inhibitory KIRs (iKIRs) KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, and KIR2DL3, whereas the ligand for KIR3DL1 is HLA-Bw4. HIV infection reduces the expression of HLA-A, -B, and -C on the surfaces of infected CD4 (iCD4) T cells. Here we investigated whether education through iKIR-HLA interactions influenced NK cell responses to autologous iCD4 cells. Enriched NK cells were stimulated with autologous iCD4 cells or with uninfected CD4 cells as controls. The capacities of single-positive (sp) KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, and KIR3DL1 NK cells to produce CCL4, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and/or CD107a were assessed by flow cytometry. Overall, we observed that the potency of NK cell education was directly related to the frequency of each spiKIR+ NK cell's ability to respond to the reduction of its cognate HLA ligand on autologous iCD4 cells, as measured by the frequency of production by spiKIR+ NK cells of CCL4, IFN-γ, and/or CD107a. Both NK cell education and HIV-mediated changes in HLA expression influenced NK cell responses to iCD4 cells.IMPORTANCE Epidemiological studies show that natural killer (NK) cells have anti-HIV activity: they are able to reduce the risk of HIV infection and/or slow HIV disease progression. How NK cells contribute to these outcomes is not fully characterized. We used primary NK cells and autologous HIV-infected cells to examine the role of education through four inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) from persons with HLA types that are able to educate NK cells bearing one of these iKIRs. HIV-infected cells activated NK cells through missing-self mechanisms due to the downmodulation of cell surface HLA expression mediated by HIV Nef and Vpu. A higher frequency of educated than uneducated NK cells expressing each of these iKIRs responded to autologous HIV-infected cells by producing CCL4, IFN-γ, and CD107a. Since NK cells were from non-HIV-infected individuals, they model the consequences of healthy NK cell-HIV-infected cell interactions occurring in the HIV eclipse phase, when new infections are susceptible to extinction.
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8
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Niehrs A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Norman PJ, Watson GM, Hölzemer A, Chapel A, Richert L, Pommerening-Röser A, Körner C, Ozawa M, Martrus G, Rossjohn J, Lee JH, Berry R, Carrington M, Altfeld M. A subset of HLA-DP molecules serve as ligands for the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1129-1137. [PMID: 31358998 PMCID: PMC8370669 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can recognize virus-infected and stressed cells1 using activating and inhibitory receptors, many of which interact with HLA class I. Although early studies also suggested a functional impact of HLA class II on NK cell activity2,3, the NK cell receptors that specifically recognize HLA class II molecules have never been identified. We investigated whether two major families of NK cell receptors, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), contained receptors that bound to HLA class II, and identified a direct interaction between the NK cell receptor NKp44 and a subset of HLA-DP molecules, including HLA-DP401, one of the most frequent class II allotypes in white populations4. Using NKp44ζ+ reporter cells and primary human NKp44+ NK cells, we demonstrated that interactions between NKp44 and HLA-DP401 trigger functional NK cell responses. This interaction between a subset of HLA-DP molecules and NKp44 implicates HLA class II as a component of the innate immune response, much like HLA class I. It also provides a potential mechanism for the described associations between HLA-DP subtypes and several disease outcomes, including hepatitis B virus infection5-7, graft-versus-host disease8 and inflammatory bowel disease9,10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Niehrs
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Watson
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angelique Hölzemer
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anaïs Chapel
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura Richert
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Inserm Inria SISTM Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Christian Körner
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Glòria Martrus
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Carrington
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Basic Science Program, HLA Immunogenetics Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
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9
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HLA-F on Autologous HIV-Infected Cells Activates Primary NK Cells Expressing the Activating Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor KIR3DS1. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00933-19. [PMID: 31270222 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00933-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-exposed seronegative KIR3DS1 homozygotes have a reduced risk of HIV infection. HLA-F is the ligand for the activating NK cell receptor (NKR) KIR3DS1. HLA-F is expressed on HIV-infected CD4 T cells. Coculture of sorted, HIV-infected CD4- (siCD4-) T cells with NK cells activated a higher frequency of KIR3DS1+ than KIR3DS1- NK cells from KIR3DS1 homozygotes to elicit anti-HIV functions such as CCL4, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and CD107a expression. This was the case whether KIR3DS1+/- NK cells were analyzed inclusively or exclusively by gating out NK cells coexpressing the NKRs, KIR2DL1/L2/L3, 3DL2, KIR2DS1/S2/S3/S5, NKG2A, and ILT2. Blocking the interaction of HLA-F on siCD4- cells with KIR3DS1 on exclusively gated KIR3DS1+ NK cells with KIR3DS1-Fc chimeric protein or an HLA-F-specific monoclonal antibody reduced the frequency of activated KIR3DS1+ cells compared to that under control conditions. KIR3DS1+ NK cell activation by HIV-infected CD4+ cells may underlie the reduced risk of KIR3DS1 homozygotes to HIV infection.IMPORTANCE This study investigated a mechanism that may underly epidemiological studies showing that carriage of the KIR3DS1 homozygous genotype is more frequent among HIV-exposed seronegative subjects than among HIV-susceptible individuals. Carriage of this genotype is associated with a reduced risk of HIV infection. The protective mechanism involves the interaction of HLA-F on CD4+ cells infected with replication-competent HIV with the activating NK receptor, KIR3DS1. This interaction leads to the activation of KIR3DS1+ NK cells for secretion of cytokines and chemokines with anti-HIV activity. Among these is CCL4, which binds and blocks CCR5, the coreceptor for HIV entry of HIV into new target cells. In the setting of an exposure to HIV, incoming HIV-infected cells expressing HLA-F rapidly activate KIR3DS1+ NK cells to elicit anti-HIV activity. Exclusive gating strategies and blocking experiments support the notion that the HLA-F/KIR3DS1 interaction is sufficient to activate NK cell functions.
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10
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Wroblewski EE, Parham P, Guethlein LA. Two to Tango: Co-evolution of Hominid Natural Killer Cell Receptors and MHC. Front Immunol 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30837985 PMCID: PMC6389700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have diverse roles in hominid immunity and reproduction. Modulating these functions are the interactions between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules that are ligands for two NK cell surface receptor types. Diverse killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) bind specific motifs encoded within the polymorphic MHC class I cell surface glycoproteins, while, in more conserved interactions, CD94:NKG2A receptors recognize MHC-E with bound peptides derived from MHC class I leader sequences. The hominid lineage presents a choreographed co-evolution of KIR with their MHC class I ligands. MHC-A, -B, and -C are present in all great apes with species-specific haplotypic variation in gene content. The Bw4 epitope recognized by lineage II KIR is restricted to MHC-B but also present on some gorilla and human MHC-A. Common to great apes, but rare in humans, are MHC-B possessing a C1 epitope recognized by lineage III KIR. MHC-C arose from duplication of MHC-B and is fixed in all great apes except orangutan, where it exists on approximately 50% of haplotypes and all allotypes are C1-bearing. Recent study showed that gorillas possess yet another intermediate MHC organization compared to humans. Like orangutans, but unlike the Pan-Homo species, duplication of MHC-B occurred. However, MHC-C is fixed, and the MHC-C C2 epitope (absent in orangutans) emerges. The evolution of MHC-C drove expansion of its cognate lineage III KIR. Recently, position −21 of the MHC-B leader sequence has been shown to be critical in determining NK cell educational outcome. In humans, methionine (−21M) results in CD94:NKG2A-focused education whereas threonine (−21T) produces KIR-focused education. This is another dynamic position among hominids. Orangutans have exclusively −21M, consistent with their intermediate stage in lineage III KIR-focused evolution. Gorillas have both −21M and −21T, like humans, but they are unequally encoded by their duplicated B genes. Chimpanzees have near-fixed −21T, indicative of KIR-focused NK education. Harmonious with this observation, chimpanzee KIR exhibit strong binding and, compared to humans, smaller differences between binding levels of activating and inhibitory KIR. Consistent between these MHC-NK cell receptor systems over the course of hominid evolution is the evolution of polymorphism favoring the more novel and dynamic KIR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Wroblewski
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Peter Parham
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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11
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Goodridge JP, Jacobs B, Saetersmoen ML, Clement D, Hammer Q, Clancy T, Skarpen E, Brech A, Landskron J, Grimm C, Pfefferle A, Meza-Zepeda L, Lorenz S, Wiiger MT, Louch WE, Ask EH, Liu LL, Oei VYS, Kjällquist U, Linnarsson S, Patel S, Taskén K, Stenmark H, Malmberg KJ. Remodeling of secretory lysosomes during education tunes functional potential in NK cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:514. [PMID: 30705279 PMCID: PMC6355880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory signaling during natural killer (NK) cell education translates into increased responsiveness to activation; however, the intracellular mechanism for functional tuning by inhibitory receptors remains unclear. Secretory lysosomes are part of the acidic lysosomal compartment that mediates intracellular signalling in several cell types. Here we show that educated NK cells expressing self-MHC specific inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) accumulate granzyme B in dense-core secretory lysosomes that converge close to the centrosome. This discrete morphological phenotype is independent of transcriptional programs that regulate effector function, metabolism and lysosomal biogenesis. Meanwhile, interference of signaling from acidic Ca2+ stores in primary NK cells reduces target-specific Ca2+-flux, degranulation and cytokine production. Furthermore, inhibition of PI(3,5)P2 synthesis, or genetic silencing of the PI(3,5)P2-regulated lysosomal Ca2+-channel TRPML1, leads to increased granzyme B and enhanced functional potential, thereby mimicking the educated state. These results indicate an intrinsic role for lysosomal remodeling in NK cell education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie P Goodridge
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedikt Jacobs
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michelle L Saetersmoen
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis Clement
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Trevor Clancy
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Skarpen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Brech
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes Landskron
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Aline Pfefferle
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonardo Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0310, Norway
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0310, Norway
| | - Merete Thune Wiiger
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Heggernes Ask
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa L Liu
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Yi Sheng Oei
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Una Kjällquist
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310, Oslo, Norway. .,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Jia J, Lin K, Sun H, Dai JJ, Yang ZQ. Identification of two novel KIR3DL1 subtypes, KIR3DL1*0010104 and KIR3DL1*0010105. HLA 2018; 93:138-139. [PMID: 30582293 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
KIR3DL1*0010104 and KIR3DL1*0010105 share a common 4 bp deletion in their intron 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medical Biology, Kunming, China
| | - Keqin Lin
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medical Biology, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medical Biology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie-Jie Dai
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medical Biology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao-Qing Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medical Biology, Kunming, China
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13
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Pfeifer C, Highton AJ, Peine S, Sauter J, Schmidt AH, Bunders MJ, Altfeld M, Körner C. Natural Killer Cell Education Is Associated With a Distinct Glycolytic Profile. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3020. [PMID: 30619362 PMCID: PMC6305746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells expressing self-inhibitory receptors display increased functionality compared to NK cells lacking those receptors. The acquisition of functional competence in these particular NK-cell subsets is termed education. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms that lead to the functional differences between educated and uneducated NK cells. An increasing number of studies suggest that cellular metabolism is a determinant of immune cell functions. Thus, alterations in cellular metabolic pathways may play a role in the process of NK-cell education. Here, we compared the glycolytic profile of educated and uneducated primary human NK cells. KIR-educated NK cells showed significantly increased expression levels of the glucose transporter Glut1 in comparison to NKG2A-educated or uneducated NK cells with and without exposure to target cells. Subsequently, the metabolic profile of NK-cell subsets was determined using a Seahorse XF Analyzer. Educated NK cells displayed significantly higher rates of cellular glycolysis than uneducated NK cells even in a resting state. Our results indicate that educated and uneducated NK cells reside in different metabolic states prior to activation. These differences in the ability to utilize glucose may represent an underlying mechanism for the superior functionality of educated NK cells expressing self-inhibitory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pfeifer
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Highton
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander H Schmidt
- DKMS Gemeinnützige GmbH, Tübingen, Germany.,DKMS Life Science Lab, Dresden, Germany
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Immunology and the Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Körner
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Bruijnesteijn J, van der Wiel MKH, de Groot N, Otting N, de Vos-Rouweler AJM, Lardy NM, de Groot NG, Bontrop RE. Extensive Alternative Splicing of KIR Transcripts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2846. [PMID: 30564240 PMCID: PMC6288254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The killer-cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) form a multigene entity involved in modulating immune responses through interactions with MHC class I molecules. The complexity of the KIR cluster is reflected by, for instance, abundant levels of allelic polymorphism, gene copy number variation, and stochastic expression profiles. The current transcriptome study involving human and macaque families demonstrates that KIR family members are also subjected to differential levels of alternative splicing, and this seems to be gene dependent. Alternative splicing may result in the partial or complete skipping of exons, or the partial inclusion of introns, as documented at the transcription level. This post-transcriptional process can generate multiple isoforms from a single KIR gene, which diversifies the characteristics of the encoded proteins. For example, alternative splicing could modify ligand interactions, cellular localization, signaling properties, and the number of extracellular domains of the receptor. In humans, we observed abundant splicing for KIR2DL4, and to a lesser extent in the lineage III KIR genes. All experimentally documented splice events are substantiated by in silico splicing strength predictions. To a similar extent, alternative splicing is observed in rhesus macaques, a species that shares a close evolutionary relationship with humans. Splicing profiles of Mamu-KIR1D and Mamu-KIR2DL04 displayed a great diversity, whereas Mamu-KIR3DL20 (lineage V) is consistently spliced to generate a homolog of human KIR2DL5 (lineage I). The latter case represents an example of convergent evolution. Although just a single KIR splice event is shared between humans and macaques, the splicing mechanisms are similar, and the predicted consequences are comparable. In conclusion, alternative splicing adds an additional layer of complexity to the KIR gene system in primates, and results in a wide structural and functional variety of KIR receptors and its isoforms, which may play a role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Bruijnesteijn
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Marit K H van der Wiel
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Nanine de Groot
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Nel Otting
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Neubury M Lardy
- Department of Immunogenetics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natasja G de Groot
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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Kiani Z, Dupuy FP, Bruneau J, Lebouché B, Zhang CX, Jackson E, Lisovsky I, da Fonseca S, Geraghty DE, Bernard NF. HLA-F on HLA-Null 721.221 Cells Activates Primary NK Cells Expressing the Activating Killer Ig-like Receptor KIR3DS1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:113-123. [PMID: 29743316 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NK cells elicit important responses against transformed and virally infected cells. Carriage of the gene encoding the activating killer Ig-like receptor KIR3DS1 is associated with slower time to AIDS and protection from HIV infection. Recently, open conformers of the nonclassical MHC class Ib Ag HLA-F were identified as KIR3DS1 ligands. In this study, we investigated whether the interaction of KIR3DS1 on primary NK cells with HLA-F on the HLA-null cell line 721.221 (221) stimulated KIR3DS1+ NK cells. We used a panel of Abs to detect KIR3DS1+CD56dim NK cells that coexpressed the inhibitory NK cell receptors KIR2DL1/L2/L3, 3DL2, NKG2A, and ILT2; the activating NK cell receptors KIR2DS1/S2/S3/S5; and CCL4, IFN-γ, and CD107a functions. We showed that both untreated and acid-pulsed 221 cells induced a similar frequency of KIR3DS1+ cells to secrete CCL4/IFN-γ and express CD107a with a similar intensity. A higher percentage of KIR3DS1+ than KIR3DS1- NK cells responded to 221 cells when either inclusive or exclusive (i.e., coexpressing none of the other inhibitory NK cell receptors and activating NK cell receptors detected by the Ab panel) gating strategies were employed to identify these NK cell populations. Blocking the interaction of HLA-F on 221 cells with KIR3DS1-Fc chimeric protein or anti-HLA-F Abs on exclusively gated KIR3DS1+ cells reduced the frequency of functional cells compared with that of unblocked conditions for stimulated KIR3DS1+ NK cells. Thus, ligation of KIR3DS1 activates primary NK cells for several antiviral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kiani
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Franck P Dupuy
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Cindy X Zhang
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Elise Jackson
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Irene Lisovsky
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sandrina da Fonseca
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Daniel E Geraghty
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Nicole F Bernard
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Clinical Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
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16
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Martin MP, Naranbhai V, Shea PR, Qi Y, Ramsuran V, Vince N, Gao X, Thomas R, Brumme ZL, Carlson JM, Wolinsky SM, Goedert JJ, Walker BD, Segal FP, Deeks SG, Haas DW, Migueles SA, Connors M, Michael N, Fellay J, Gostick E, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Lafont BA, Pymm P, Saunders PM, Widjaja J, Wong SC, Vivian JP, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG, Carrington M. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 variation modifies HLA-B*57 protection against HIV-1. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1903-1912. [PMID: 29461980 PMCID: PMC5919796 DOI: 10.1172/jci98463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-B*57 control of HIV involves enhanced CD8+ T cell responses against infected cells, but extensive heterogeneity exists in the level of HIV control among B*57+ individuals. Using whole-genome sequencing of untreated B*57+ HIV-1-infected controllers and noncontrollers, we identified a single variant (rs643347A/G) encoding an isoleucine-to-valine substitution at position 47 (I47V) of the inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR3DL1 as the only significant modifier of B*57 protection. The association was replicated in an independent cohort and across multiple outcomes. The modifying effect of I47V was confined to B*57:01 and was not observed for the closely related B*57:03. Positions 2, 47, and 54 tracked one another nearly perfectly, and 2 KIR3DL1 allotypes differing only at these 3 positions showed significant differences in binding B*57:01 tetramers, whereas the protective allotype showed lower binding. Thus, variation in an immune NK cell receptor that binds B*57:01 modifies its protection. These data highlight the exquisite specificity of KIR-HLA interactions in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen P. Martin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Patrick R. Shea
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ying Qi
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nicolas Vince
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- ATIP-Avenir, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xiaojiang Gao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zabrina L. Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Steven M. Wolinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James J. Goedert
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Steven G. Deeks
- San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David W. Haas
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen A. Migueles
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emma Gostick
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Non-Human Primate Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology Unit, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Non-Human Primate Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology Unit, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A. Price
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bernard A. Lafont
- Viral Immunology Section, Office of the Scientific Director, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Phillip Pymm
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippa M. Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Widjaja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu Cheng Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian P. Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Non-Human Primate Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology Unit, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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KIR3DL1 alleles and their epistatic interactions with human leukocyte antigen class I influence resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition in the Pumwani sex worker cohort. AIDS 2018; 32:841-850. [PMID: 29280757 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations of KIR3DL1/S1(3DL1/S1) and its epistatic interactions with human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) alleles with resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1. DESIGN Despite repeated exposure to HIV-1, a subset of women enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort remain HIV uninfected. Previous studies have shown that specific HLA class I and II alleles were associated with this natural immunity. In this study, we investigated the association of 3DL1/S1 and its epistatic interactions with HLA-I, with resistance or susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition. METHODS We used a sequence-based typing method to genotype 3DL1/S1 of 641 women in this cohort. The association of 3DL1/S1 and its epistatic interactions with HLA-I were analyzed using SPSS statistics software. RESULTS 3DL1041 is enriched in the HIV-1-resistant women [P = 0.009, Pc = 0.0468, odds ratio (OR): 3.359, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-8.32], whereas, 3DL1020 was associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection before correction for multiple comparisons (P = 0.029, Pc = 0.0858, OR: 0.316, 95%CI: 0.10-1.04). Epistatic interactions between several 3DL1 alleles and specific HLA-I alleles were observed. Among them the cocarriage of 3DL1041 with Bw4 (P = 1E - 05, Pc = 0.0015, OR: 13.33, 95%CI: 3.43-51.9), or Bw6 (P = 0.008, Pc = 0.272, OR: 3.92, 95%CI: 1.51-10.17), increased the odds of remaining HIV-1 uninfected. Further, 3DL1041+/Bw4+ women who entered the cohort HIV negative remained uninfected (P = 0.032, Pc = 0.0858). Cocarriage of 3DL101501 with C02 : 10 (P = 2.73E - 07, Pc = 7.0954E - 06), B15 : 03 (P = 3.21E - 04, Pc = 0.0042), A24 supertype (P = 8.89E - 04, Pc = 0.0077), or A23 : 01 (P = 0.0036, Pc = 0.0236) was associated with increased susceptibility to seroconversion. CONCLUSION The effects of interactions between 3DL1 and HLA-I alleles on resistance/susceptibility to HIV-1 infection suggest that innate immunity plays an important role in HIV-1 acquisition and should be studied and explored for HIV prevention.
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18
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Boudreau JE, Hsu KC. Natural Killer Cell Education and the Response to Infection and Cancer Therapy: Stay Tuned. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:222-239. [PMID: 29397297 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The functional capacities of natural killer (NK) cells differ within and between individuals, reflecting considerable genetic variation. 'Licensing/arming', 'disarming', and 'tuning' are models that have been proposed to explain how interactions between MHC class I molecules and their cognate inhibitory receptors - Ly49 in mice and KIR in humans - 'educate' NK cells for variable reactivity and sensitivity to inhibition. In this review we discuss recent progress toward understanding the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular features that titrate NK effector function and inhibition, and the impact of variable NK cell education on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette E Boudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Immunology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Van Den Driessche G, Fourches D. Adverse drug reactions triggered by the common HLA-B*57:01 variant: virtual screening of DrugBank using 3D molecular docking. J Cheminform 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29383457 PMCID: PMC5790764 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-018-0257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions have been linked to a drug's ability to bind with a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) protein. However, due to the thousands of HLA variants and limited structural data for drug-HLA complexes, predicting a specific drug-HLA combination represents a significant challenge. Recently, we investigated the binding mode of abacavir with the HLA-B*57:01 variant using molecular docking. Herein, we developed a new ensemble screening workflow involving three X-ray crystal derived docking procedures to screen the DrugBank database and identify potentially HLA-B*57:01 liable drugs. Then, we compared our workflow's performance with another model recently developed by Metushi et al., which proposed seven in silico HLA-B*57:01 actives, but were later found to be experimentally inactive. METHODS After curation, there were over 6000 approved and experimental drugs remaining in DrugBank for docking using Schrodinger's GLIDE SP and XP scoring functions. Docking was performed with our new consensus-like ensemble workflow, relying on three different X-ray crystals (3VRI, 3VRJ, and 3UPR) in presence and absence of co-binding peptides. The binding modes of HLA-B*57:01 hit compounds for all three peptides were further explored using 3D interaction fingerprints and hierarchical clustering. RESULTS The screening resulted in 22 hit compounds forecasted to bind HLA-B*57:01 in all docking conditions (SP and XP with and without peptides P1, P2, and P3). These 22 compounds afforded 2D-Tanimoto similarities being less than 0.6 when compared to the structure of native abacavir, whereas their 3D binding mode similarities varied in a broader range (0.2-0.8). Hierarchical clustering using a Ward Linkage revealed different clustering patterns for each co-binding peptide. When we docked Metushi et al.'s seven proposed hits using our workflow, our screening platform identified six out of seven as being inactive. Molecular dynamic simulations were used to explore the stability of abacavir and acyclovir in complex with peptide P3. CONCLUSIONS This study reports on the extensive docking of the DrugBank database and the 22 HLA-B*57:01 liable candidates we identified. Importantly, comparisons between this study and the one by Metushi et al. highlighted new critical and complementary knowledge for the development of future HLA-specific in silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Van Den Driessche
- Department of Chemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Denis Fourches
- Department of Chemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Prakash S, Sarangi AN, Alam S, Sonawane A, Sharma RK, Agrawal S. Putative role of KIR3DL1/3DS1 alleles and HLA-Bw4 ligands with end stage renal disease and long term renal allograft survival. Gene 2017; 637:219-229. [PMID: 28942035 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Killer immunoglobulin receptors (KIR) are highly polymorphic in nature. KIR3DL1/3DS1 genes are known to affect HLA-B antigen binding affinity causing natural killer (NK) cell inhibition, which results into successful renal transplantation. In this study we have examined whether alleles of KIR3DL1/3DS1 play any role in changing the binding affinity with HLA-Bw4 antigen and if so then how are they associated with long term renal allograft survival. We have also evaluated plausible association of KIR3DL1 with HLA-A23/A24/A32 with renal pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS KIR3DL1/3DS1 allelic diversity was examined in 501 renal transplant cases and 507 controls. PCR-SSP was used to determine the incidence of KIR3DL1/3DS1 genes and HLA class-I antigens. KIR3DL1/3DS1 alleles were determined by sequencing. Expression at transcription level for KIR3DL1/3DS1 genes was evaluated in the presence of HLA-Bw4. Different statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v 22.0. p≤0.05 was considered significant. Sequence based variant effect was predicted using Variant Effect Predictor. To evaluate whether variation in KIR3DL1 and HLA interaction changes the binding affinity structure based effect prediction was carried out using MutaBind and BindProf software. RESULTS For KIR3DL1*0010101, no-risk and low mRNA expression was seen among antibody mediated acute rejection (ABMR) and chronic rejection (CR) cases. Whereas, 3DS1*01301, 3DL1*00401, and 3DL1*00402 showed susceptibility and elevated mRNA expression with ABMR and CR. Two mutations c.320C>T (rs143159382) and c.911G>T (rs35974949), present in alleles 3DL1*00402 and 3DL1*00401 were predicted to be deleterious. Reduced renal allograft survival was observed for individuals possessing KIR3DL1*00401-HLA-Bw4+. In relation to HLA-A locus no significance was observed with ESRD, ABMR, and CR. DISCUSSION The experimental and computational data corroborated with each other suggesting susceptibility for renal allograft in presence of 3DL1*00402 and 3DL1*00401 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Narayan Sarangi
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, School of Telemedicine and Biomedical Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahnawaz Alam
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suraksha Agrawal
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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21
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Bernard NF, Kiani Z, Tremblay-McLean A, Kant SA, Leeks CE, Dupuy FP. Natural Killer (NK) Cell Education Differentially Influences HIV Antibody-Dependent NK Cell Activation and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1033. [PMID: 28883824 PMCID: PMC5574056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) endowed with Fc-mediated effector functions has been shown to be critical for protecting or controlling viral replication in animal models. In human, the RV144 Thai trial was the first trial to demonstrate a significant protection against HIV infection following vaccination. Analysis of the correlates of immune protection in this trial identified an association between the presence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (Abs) to HIV envelope (Env) V1/V2 loop structures and protection from infection, provided IgA Abs with competing specificity were not present. Systems serology analyses implicated a broader range of Ab-dependent functions in protection from HIV infection, including but not limited to ADCC and Ab-dependent NK cell activation (ADNKA) for secretion of IFN-γ and CCL4 and expression of the degranulation marker CD107a. The existence of such correlations in the absence of bNAbs in the RV144 trial suggest that NK cells could be instrumental in protecting against HIV infection by limiting viral spread through Fc-mediated functions such as ADCC and the production of antiviral cytokines/chemokines. Beside the engagement of FcγRIIIa or CD16 by the Fc portion of anti-Env IgG1 and IgG3 Abs, natural killer (NK) cells are also able to directly kill infected cells and produce cytokines/chemokines in an Ab-independent manner. Responsiveness of NK cells depends on the integration of activating and inhibitory signals through NK receptors, which is determined by a process during their development known as education. NK cell education requires the engagement of inhibitory NK receptors by their human leukocyte antigen ligands to establish tolerance to self while allowing NK cells to respond to self cells altered by virus infection, transformation, stress, and to allogeneic cells. Here, we review recent findings regarding the impact of inter-individual differences in NK cell education on Ab-dependent functions such as ADCC and ADNKA, including what is known about the HIV Env epitope specificity of ADCC competent Abs and the conformation of HIV Env on target cells used for ADCC assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F Bernard
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Clinical Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zahra Kiani
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tremblay-McLean
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sanket A Kant
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher E Leeks
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Franck P Dupuy
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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Boudreau JE, Giglio F, Gooley TA, Stevenson PA, Le Luduec JB, Shaffer BC, Rajalingam R, Hou L, Hurley CK, Noreen H, Reed EF, Yu N, Vierra-Green C, Haagenson M, Malkki M, Petersdorf EW, Spellman S, Hsu KC. KIR3DL1/HLA-B Subtypes Govern Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Relapse After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:2268-2278. [PMID: 28520526 PMCID: PMC5501362 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.70.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Disease relapse remains a major challenge to successful outcomes in patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Donor natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity in HCT can control leukemic relapse, but capturing alloreactivity in HLA-matched HCT has been elusive. HLA expression on leukemia cells-upregulated in the post-HCT environment-signals for NK cell inhibition via inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like (KIR) receptors and interrupts their antitumor activity. We hypothesized that varied strengths of inhibition among subtypes of the ubiquitous KIR3DL1 and its cognate ligand, HLA-B, would titrate NK reactivity against acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods By using an algorithm that was based on polymorphism-driven expression levels and specificities, we predicted and tested inhibitory and cytotoxic NK potential on the basis of KIR3DL1/HLA-B subtype combinations in vitro and evaluated their impact in 1,328 patients with AML who underwent HCT from 9/10 or 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donors. Results Segregated by KIR3DL1 subtype, NK cells demonstrated reproducible patterns of strong, weak, or noninhibition by target cells with defined HLA-B subtypes, which translated into discrete cytotoxic hierarchies against AML. In patients, KIR3DL1 and HLA-B subtype combinations that were predictive of weak inhibition or noninhibition were associated with significantly lower relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; P = .004) and overall mortality (HR, 0.84; P = .030) compared with strong inhibition combinations. The greatest effects were evident in the high-risk group of patients with all KIR ligands (relapse: HR, 0.54; P < .001; and mortality: HR, 0.74; P < .008). Beneficial effects of weak and noninhibiting KIR3DL1 and HLA-B subtype combinations were separate from and additive to the benefit of donor activating KIR2DS1. Conclusion Consideration of KIR3DL1-mediated inhibition in donor selection for HLA-matched HCT may achieve superior graft versus leukemia effects, lower risk for relapse, and an increase in survival among patients with AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Alleles
- Cell Line
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Female
- Genetic Variation
- Genotype
- HLA-B Antigens/genetics
- HLA-B Antigens/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Receptors, KIR/immunology
- Receptors, KIR3DL1/genetics
- Receptors, KIR3DL1/immunology
- Recurrence
- Survival Rate
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette E. Boudreau
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Fabio Giglio
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Ted A. Gooley
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Philip A. Stevenson
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Jean-Benoît Le Luduec
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Brian C. Shaffer
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Lihua Hou
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Carolyn Katovich Hurley
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Harriet Noreen
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Neng Yu
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Cynthia Vierra-Green
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Michael Haagenson
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Mari Malkki
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Effie W. Petersdorf
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Stephen Spellman
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
| | - Katharine C. Hsu
- Jeanette E. Boudreau, Fabio Giglio, Jean-Benoît Le Luduec, Brian C. Shaffer, and Katharine C. Hsu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brian C. Shaffer and Katharine C. Hsu, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Ted A. Gooley, Philip A. Stevenson, Mari Malkki, and Effie W. Petersdorf, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Raja Rajalingam, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Elaine F. Reed, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Lihua Hou and Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Harriet Noreen, University of Minnesota; Cynthia Vierra-Green, Michael Haagenson, and Stephen Spellman, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN; and Neng Yu, American Red Cross Blood Services, Dedham, MA
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23
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Erbe AK, Wang W, Reville PK, Carmichael L, Kim K, Mendonca EA, Song Y, Hank JA, London WB, Naranjo A, Hong F, Hogarty MD, Maris JM, Park JR, Ozkaynak MF, Miller JS, Gilman AL, Kahl B, Yu AL, Sondel PM. HLA-Bw4-I-80 Isoform Differentially Influences Clinical Outcome As Compared to HLA-Bw4-T-80 and HLA-A-Bw4 Isoforms in Rituximab or Dinutuximab-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:675. [PMID: 28659916 PMCID: PMC5466980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a family of glycoproteins expressed primarily on natural killer cells that can regulate their function. Inhibitory KIRs recognize MHC class I molecules (KIR-ligands) as ligands. We have reported associations of KIRs and KIR-ligands for patients in two monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based trials: (1) A Children’s Oncology Group (COG) trial for children with high-risk neuroblastoma randomized to immunotherapy treatment with dinutuximab (anti-GD2 mAb) + GM-CSF + IL-2 + isotretinion or to treatment with isotretinoin alone and (2) An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) trial for adults with low-tumor burden follicular lymphoma responding to an induction course of rituximab (anti-CD20 mAb) and randomized to treatment with maintenance rituximab or no-maintenance rituximab. In each trial, certain KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes were associated with clinical benefit for patients randomized to immunotherapy treatment (immunotherapy in COG; maintenance rituximab in ECOG) as compared to patients that did not receive the immunotherapy [isotretinoin alone (COG); no-maintenance (ECOG)]. Namely, patients with both KIR3DL1 and its HLA-Bw4 ligand (KIR3DL1+/HLA-Bw4+ genotype) had improved clinical outcomes if randomized to immunotherapy regimens, as compared to patients with the KIR3DL1+/HLA-Bw4+ genotype randomized to the non-immunotherapy regimen. Conversely, patients that did not have the KIR3DL1+/HLA-Bw4+ genotype showed no evidence of a difference in outcome if receiving the immunotherapy vs. no-immunotherapy. For each trial, HLA-Bw4 status was determined by assessing the genotypes of three separate isoforms of HLA-Bw4: (1) HLA-B-Bw4 with threonine at amino acid 80 (B-Bw4-T80); (2) HLA-B-Bw4 with isoleucine at amino acid 80 (HLA-B-Bw4-I80); and (3) HLA-A with a Bw4 epitope (HLA-A-Bw4). Here, we report on associations with clinical outcome for patients with KIR3DL1 and these separate isoforms of HLA-Bw4. Patients randomized to immunotherapy with KIR3DL1+/A-Bw4+ or with KIR3DL1+/B-Bw4-T80+ had better outcome vs. those randomized to no-immunotherapy, whereas for those with KIR3DL1+/B-Bw4-I80+ there was no evidence of a difference based on immunotherapy vs. no-immunotherapy. Additionally, we observed differences within treatment types (either within immunotherapy or no-immunotherapy) that were associated with the genotype status for the different KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4-isoforms. These studies suggest that specific HLA-Bw4 isoforms may differentially influence response to these mAb-based immunotherapy, further confirming the involvement of KIR-bearing cells in tumor-reactive mAb-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Patrick K Reville
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lakeesha Carmichael
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - KyungMann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eneida A Mendonca
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yiqiang Song
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jacquelyn A Hank
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wendy B London
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arlene Naranjo
- COG Statistics and Data Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fangxin Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John M Maris
- Provenance Biopharmaceuticals, Carlisle, MA, United States
| | - Julie R Park
- Seattle Children's Hospital/University, Seattle, WA, United States.,University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M F Ozkaynak
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Brad Kahl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alice L Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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24
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Zhao XY, Luo XY, Yu XX, Zhao XS, Han TT, Chang YJ, Huo MR, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Liu KY, Li D, Jiang ZF, Huang XJ. Recipient-donor KIR ligand matching prevents CMV reactivation post-haploidentical T cell-replete transplantation. Br J Haematol 2017; 177:766-781. [PMID: 28466469 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Licensed natural killer (NK) cells have been demonstrated to have anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) activity. We prospectively analysed the human leucocyte antigen typing of donor-recipient pairs and the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) typing of donors for 180 leukaemia patients to assess the predictive roles of licensed NK cells on CMV reactivation post-T-cell-replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Multivariate analysis showed that donor-recipient KIR ligand graft-versus-host or host-versus-graft direction mismatch was associated with increased refractory CMV infection (Hazard ratio = 2·556, 95% confidence interval, 1·377-4·744, P = 0·003) post-transplantation. Donor-recipient KIR ligand matching decreased CMV reactivation [51·65% (46·67, 56·62%) vs. 75·28% (70·87, 79·69%), P = 0·012], refractory CMV infection [17·58% (13·77, 21·40%) vs. 35·96% (31·09, 40·82%), P = 0·004] and CMV disease [3·30% (1·51, 5·08%) vs. 11·24% (8·04, 14·43%), P = 0·024] by day 100 post-transplantation. In addition, the percentage of γ-interferon expression on donor-derived NK cells was significantly higher in the recipients among the recipient-donor pairs with a KIR ligand match compared with that in the recipients among the pairs with a KIR ligand graft-versus-host or host-versus-graft direction mismatch on days 30 and 100 post-transplantation (P = 0·036 and 0·047, respectively). These findings have suggested that donor-recipient KIR ligand matching might promote the NK cell licensing process, thereby increasing NK cell-mediated protection against CMV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Yi Luo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Xing Yu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Su Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rui Huo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Fan Jiang
- Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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MHC-I peptides get out of the groove and enable a novel mechanism of HIV-1 escape. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:387-394. [PMID: 28218747 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules play a crucial role in immunity by capturing peptides for presentation to T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The peptide termini are tethered within the MHC-I antigen-binding groove, but it is unknown whether other presentation modes occur. Here we show that 20% of the HLA-B*57:01 peptide repertoire comprises N-terminally extended sets characterized by a common motif at position 1 (P1) to P2. Structures of HLA-B*57:01 presenting N-terminally extended peptides, including the immunodominant HIV-1 Gag epitope TW10 (TSTLQEQIGW), showed that the N terminus protrudes from the peptide-binding groove. The common escape mutant TSNLQEQIGW bound HLA-B*57:01 canonically, adopting a dramatically different conformation than the TW10 peptide. This affected recognition by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 3DL1 expressed on NK cells. We thus define a previously uncharacterized feature of the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) immunopeptidome that has implications for viral immune escape. We further suggest that recognition of the HLA-B*57:01-TW10 epitope is governed by a 'molecular tension' between the adaptive and innate immune systems.
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26
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Béziat V, Hilton HG, Norman PJ, Traherne JA. Deciphering the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor system at super-resolution for natural killer and T-cell biology. Immunology 2016; 150:248-264. [PMID: 27779741 PMCID: PMC5290243 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are components of two fundamental biological systems essential for human health and survival. First, they contribute to host immune responses, both innate and adaptive, through their expression by natural killer cells and T cells. Second, KIR play a key role in regulating placentation, and hence reproductive success. Analogous to the diversity of their human leucocyte antigen class I ligands, KIR are extremely polymorphic. In this review, we describe recent developments, fuelled by methodological advances, that are helping to decipher the KIR system in terms of haplotypes, polymorphisms, expression patterns and their ligand interactions. These developments are delivering deeper insight into the relevance of KIR in immune system function, evolution and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hugo G Hilton
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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27
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Saunders PM, Vivian JP, O'Connor GM, Sullivan LC, Pymm P, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. A bird's eye view of NK cell receptor interactions with their MHC class I ligands. Immunol Rev 2016; 267:148-66. [PMID: 26284476 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The surveillance of target cells by natural killer (NK) cells utilizes an ensemble of inhibitory and activating receptors, many of which interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. NK cell recognition of MHC class I proteins is important developmentally for the acquisition of full NK cell effector capacity and during target cell recognition, where the engagement of inhibitory receptors and MHC class I molecules attenuates NK cell activation. Human NK cells have evolved two broad strategies for recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules: (i) direct recognition of polymorphic classical HLA class I proteins by diverse receptor families such as the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), and (ii) indirect recognition of conserved sets of HLA class I-derived peptides displayed on the non-classical HLA-E for recognition by CD94-NKG2 receptors. In this review, we assess the structural basis for the interaction between these NK receptors and their HLA class I ligands and, using the suite of published KIR and CD94-NKG2 ternary complexes, highlight the features that allow NK cells to orchestrate the recognition of a range of different HLA class I proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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Boudreau JE, Mulrooney TJ, Le Luduec JB, Barker E, Hsu KC. KIR3DL1 and HLA-B Density and Binding Calibrate NK Education and Response to HIV. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:3398-410. [PMID: 26962229 PMCID: PMC4868784 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NK cells recognize self-HLA via killer Ig-like receptors (KIR). Homeostatic HLA expression signals for inhibition via KIR, and downregulation of HLA, a common consequence of viral infection, allows NK activation. Like HLA, KIR are highly polymorphic, and allele combinations of the most diverse receptor-ligand pair, KIR3DL1 and HLA-B, correspond to hierarchical HIV control. We used primary cells from healthy human donors to demonstrate how subtype combinations of KIR3DL1 and HLA-B calibrate NK education and their consequent capacity to eliminate HIV-infected cells. High-density KIR3DL1 and Bw4-80I partnerships endow NK cells with the greatest reactivity against HLA-negative targets; NK cells exhibiting the remaining KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4 combinations demonstrate intermediate responsiveness; and Bw4-negative KIR3DL1(+) NK cells are poorly responsive. Cytotoxicity against HIV-infected autologous CD4(+) T cells strikingly correlated with reactivity to HLA-negative targets. These findings suggest that the programming of NK effector function results from defined features of receptor and ligand subtypes. KIR3DL1 and HLA-B subtypes exhibit an array of binding strengths. Like KIR3DL1, subtypes of HLA-Bw4 are expressed at distinct, predictable membrane densities. Combinatorial permutations of common receptor and ligand subtypes reveal binding strength, receptor density, and ligand density to be functionally important. These findings have immediate implications for prognosis in patients with HIV infection. Furthermore, they demonstrate how features of KIR and HLA modified by allelic variation calibrate NK cell reactive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette E Boudreau
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Tiernan J Mulrooney
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jean-Benoît Le Luduec
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Edward Barker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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29
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Saunders PM, Pymm P, Pietra G, Hughes VA, Hitchen C, O'Connor GM, Loiacono F, Widjaja J, Price DA, Falco M, Mingari MC, Moretta L, McVicar DW, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG, Vivian JP. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 polymorphism defines distinct hierarchies of HLA class I recognition. J Exp Med 2016; 213:791-807. [PMID: 27045007 PMCID: PMC4854737 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20152023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rossjohn, Brooks, Vivian, and colleagues provide the most complete picture to date of the impact of KIR3DL1 polymorphism on HLA class I recognition, which can be used to both reevaluate previous work on the involvement of KIR3DL1 in disease as well as inform future disease association studies. Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in immunity, but how HLA class I (HLA-I) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 (KIR3DL1) polymorphism impacts disease outcome remains unclear. KIR3DL1 (*001/*005/*015) tetramers were screened for reactivity against a panel of HLA-I molecules. This revealed different and distinct hierarchies of specificity for each KIR3DL1 allotype, with KIR3DL1*005 recognizing the widest array of HLA-I ligands. These differences were further reflected in functional studies using NK clones expressing these specific KIR3DL1 allotypes. Unexpectedly, the Ile/Thr80 dimorphism in the Bw4-motif did not categorically define strong/weak KIR3DL1 recognition. Although the KIR3DL1*001, *005, and *015 polymorphisms are remote from the KIR3DL1–HLA-I interface, the structures of these three KIR3DL1–HLA-I complexes showed that the broader HLA-I specificity of KIR3DL1*005 correlated with an altered KIR3DL1*005 interdomain positioning and increased mobility within its ligand-binding site. Collectively, we provide a generic framework for understanding the impact of KIR3DL1 polymorphism on the recognition of HLA-I allomorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST (National Institute for Cancer Research), 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Victoria A Hughes
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Corinne Hitchen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Jacqueline Widjaja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST (National Institute for Cancer Research), 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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30
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Townsley E, O'Connor G, Cosgrove C, Woda M, Co M, Thomas SJ, Kalayanarooj S, Yoon I, Nisalak A, Srikiatkhachorn A, Green S, Stephens HAF, Gostick E, Price DA, Carrington M, Alter G, McVicar DW, Rothman AL, Mathew A. Interaction of a dengue virus NS1-derived peptide with the inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1 on natural killer cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 183:419-30. [PMID: 26439909 PMCID: PMC4750593 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) interact with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands and play a key role in the regulation and activation of NK cells. The functional importance of KIR-HLA interactions has been demonstrated for a number of chronic viral infections, but to date only a few studies have been performed in the context of acute self-limited viral infections. During our investigation of CD8(+) T cell responses to a conserved HLA-B57-restricted epitope derived from dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein-1 (NS1), we observed substantial binding of the tetrameric complex to non-T/non-B lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a long-standing clinical cohort in Thailand. We confirmed binding of the NS1 tetramer to CD56(dim) NK cells, which are known to express KIRs. Using depletion studies and KIR-transfected cell lines, we demonstrated further that the NS1 tetramer bound the inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1. Phenotypical analysis of PBMC from HLA-B57(+) subjects with acute DENV infection revealed marked activation of NS1 tetramer-binding natural killer (NK) cells around the time of defervescence in subjects with severe dengue disease. Collectively, our findings indicate that subsets of NK cells are activated relatively late in the course of acute DENV illness and reveal a possible role for specific KIR-HLA interactions in the modulation of disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Townsley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - G. O'Connor
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental ImmunologyLeidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - C. Cosgrove
- Ragon Institute at MGH, MIT And HarvardMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - M. Woda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - M. Co
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - S. J. Thomas
- Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMDUSA
| | - S. Kalayanarooj
- Queen Sirikit National Institute for Child HealthBangkokThailand
| | - I.‐K. Yoon
- Department of VirologyArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical SciencesBangkokThailand
| | - A. Nisalak
- Department of VirologyArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical SciencesBangkokThailand
| | - A. Srikiatkhachorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - S. Green
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - H. A. F. Stephens
- Centre for Nephrology and the Anthony Nolan TrustRoyal Free Campus, University CollegeLondonUK
| | - E. Gostick
- Cardiff University School of MedicineInstitute of Infection and ImmunityCardiffUK
| | - D. A. Price
- Cardiff University School of MedicineInstitute of Infection and ImmunityCardiffUK
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - M. Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental ImmunologyLeidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
- Ragon Institute at MGH, MIT And HarvardMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - G. Alter
- Ragon Institute at MGH, MIT And HarvardMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - D. W. McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental ImmunologyLeidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - A. L. Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode IslandProvidenceRIUSA
| | - A. Mathew
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
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31
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Schafer JL, Ries M, Guha N, Connole M, Colantonio AD, Wiertz EJ, Wilson NA, Kaur A, Evans DT. Suppression of a Natural Killer Cell Response by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Peptides. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005145. [PMID: 26333068 PMCID: PMC4557930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell responses in primates are regulated in part through interactions between two highly polymorphic molecules, the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands on target cells. We previously reported that the binding of a common MHC class I molecule in the rhesus macaque, Mamu-A1*002, to the inhibitory receptor Mamu-KIR3DL05 is stabilized by certain simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) peptides, but not by others. Here we investigated the functional implications of these interactions by testing SIV peptides bound by Mamu-A1*002 for the ability to modulate Mamu-KIR3DL05+ NK cell responses. Twenty-eight of 75 SIV peptides bound by Mamu-A1*002 suppressed the cytolytic activity of primary Mamu-KIR3DL05+ NK cells, including three immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitopes previously shown to stabilize Mamu-A1*002 tetramer binding to Mamu-KIR3DL05. Substitutions at C-terminal positions changed inhibitory peptides into disinhibitory peptides, and vice versa, without altering binding to Mamu-A1*002. The functional effects of these peptide variants on NK cell responses also corresponded to their effects on Mamu-A1*002 tetramer binding to Mamu-KIR3DL05. In assays with mixtures of inhibitory and disinhibitory peptides, low concentrations of inhibitory peptides dominated to suppress NK cell responses. Consistent with the inhibition of Mamu-KIR3DL05+ NK cells by viral epitopes presented by Mamu-A1*002, SIV replication was significantly higher in Mamu-A1*002+ CD4+ lymphocytes co-cultured with Mamu-KIR3DL05+ NK cells than with Mamu-KIR3DL05- NK cells. These results demonstrate that viral peptides can differentially affect NK cell responses by modulating MHC class I interactions with inhibitory KIRs, and provide a mechanism by which immunodeficiency viruses may evade NK cell responses. Natural killer (NK) cells recognize and kill infected cells without prior antigenic stimulation, and thus provide an important early defense against virus infection. NK cell responses in primates are regulated in part through interactions between two highly polymorphic molecules, the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands on target cells. Inhibitory KIRs normally suppress NK cell responses through interactions with their MHC class I ligands on the surface of healthy cells. However, when these interactions are perturbed, this inhibition is lost resulting in NK cell activation and killing of the target cell. We investigated the functional implications of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) peptides bound by a common MHC class I molecule in the rhesus macaque that stabilize or disrupt binding to an inhibitory KIR. Whereas SIV peptides that stabilized KIR-MHC class I binding suppressed NK cell activation, peptides that disrupted this interaction did not and resulted in NK cell lysis. These findings demonstrate that viral peptides can modulate NK cell responses through KIR-MHC class I interactions, and are consistent with the possibility that human and simian immunodeficiency viruses may acquire changes in epitopes that increase the binding of MHC class I ligands to inhibitory KIRs as a mechanism to suppress NK cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Moritz Ries
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Natasha Guha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle Connole
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arnaud D. Colantonio
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel J. Wiertz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy A. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayajit Das
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine; The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics and Physics; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
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Mulrooney TJ, Zhang AC, Goldgur Y, Boudreau JE, Hsu KC. KIR3DS1-Specific D0 Domain Polymorphisms Disrupt KIR3DL1 Surface Expression and HLA Binding. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1242-50. [PMID: 26109640 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
KIR3DL1 is a polymorphic inhibitory receptor that modulates NK cell activity through interacting with HLA-A and HLA-B alleles that carry the Bw4 epitope. Amino acid polymorphisms throughout KIR3DL1 impact receptor surface expression and affinity for HLA. KIR3DL1/S1 encodes inhibitory and activating alleles, but despite high homology with KIR3DL1, the activating receptor KIR3DS1 does not bind the same ligand. Allele KIR3DL1*009 resulted from a gene recombination event between the inhibitory receptor allele KIR3DL1*001 and the activating receptor allele KIR3DS1*013. This study analyzed the functional impact of KIR3DS1-specific polymorphisms on KIR3DL1*009 surface expression, binding to HLA, and functional capacity. Flow-cytometric analysis of primary human NK cells as well as transfected HEK293T cells shows that KIR3DL1*009 is expressed at a significantly lower surface density compared with KIR3DL1*001. Using recombinant proteins of KIR3DL1*001, KIR3DL1*009, and KIR3DS1*013 to analyze binding to HLA, we found that although KIR3DL1*009 displayed some evidence of binding to HLA compared with KIR3DS1*013, the binding was minimal compared with KIR3DL1*001 and KIR3DL1*005. Mutagenesis of polymorphic sites revealed that the surface phenotype and reduced binding of KIR3DL1*009 are caused by the combined amino acid polymorphisms at positions 58 and 92 within the D0 extracellular domain. Resulting from these effects, KIR3DL1*009(+) NK cells exhibited significantly less inhibition by HLA-Bw4(+) target cells compared with KIR3DL1*001(+) NK cells. The data from this study contribute novel insight into how KIR3DS1-specific polymorphisms in the extracellular region impact KIR3DL1 surface expression, ligand binding, and inhibitory function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron C Zhang
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Yehuda Goldgur
- Department of Structural Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Katharine C Hsu
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
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Zhao XY, Chang YJ, Zhao XS, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Liu KY, Li D, Huang XJ. Recipient expression of ligands for donor inhibitory KIRs enhances NK-cell function to control leukemic relapse after haploidentical transplantation. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2396-408. [PMID: 25952732 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells that express self-HLA-specific receptors (where HLA is human leukocyte antigen) are "licensed" and more readily activated than unlicensed cells; therefore, NK-cell licensing could influence the antileukemia effects of NK cells following haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT). In this study, we compared the functionality of reconstituting NK cells, based on CD107α expression and interferon-γsecretion, in a cohort of 29 patients that expressed (n = 8) or lacked (n = 21) class I human leukocyte antigens for donor inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) following T-cell-replete haplo-SCT. We also addressed whether recipient expression of class I ligands for donor inhibitory KIRs could predict relapse occurrence in another cohort of 188 patients. A longitudinal analysis indicated that patients presenting class I for all donor inhibitory KIRs showed more capable functional NK effector cells when tested against class I negative K562 cells and primary leukemic cells within 3 months of transplantation. The lowest 7-year relapse incidence was observed when donor KIRs were ligated by recipient class I (n = 60) compared with donor-host partnerships where donor KIR(+) cells were ligated by donor, but not recipient class I (n = 86, p = 0.026) or KIRs that were ligated by neither donor nor recipient class I (n = 42, p = 0.043). This study suggests that haplo-SCT recipients presenting class I for donor inhibitory KIRs promote NK-cell licensing, leading to decreased relapse rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Su Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Grifoni A, Montesano C, Colizzi V, Amicosante M. Key role of human leukocyte antigen in modulating human immunodeficiency virus progression: An overview of the possible applications. World J Virol 2015; 4:124-133. [PMID: 25964877 PMCID: PMC4419116 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Host and viral factors deeply influence the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. Among them human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus plays a key role at different levels. In fact, genes of the HLA locus have shown the peculiar capability to modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, HLA class I molecules are recognized by CD8+ T-cells and natural killers (NK) cells towards the interaction with T cell receptor (TCR) and Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor (KIR) 3DL1 respectively. Polymorphisms within the different HLA alleles generate structural changes in HLA class I peptide-binding pockets. Amino acid changes in the peptide-binding pocket lead to the presentation of a different set of peptides to T and NK cells. This review summarizes the role of HLA in HIV progression toward acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome and its receptors. Recently, many studies have been focused on determining the HLA binding-peptides. The novel use of immune-informatics tools, from the prediction of the HLA-bound peptides to the modification of the HLA-receptor complexes, is considered. A better knowledge of HLA peptide presentation and recognition are allowing new strategies for immune response manipulation to be applied against HIV virus.
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Moradi S, Berry R, Pymm P, Hitchen C, Beckham SA, Wilce MCJ, Walpole NG, Clements CS, Reid HH, Perugini MA, Brooks AG, Rossjohn J, Vivian JP. The structure of the atypical killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, KIR2DL4. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10460-71. [PMID: 25759384 PMCID: PMC4400354 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The engagement of natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) with their target ligands, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, is a critical component of innate immunity. Structurally, KIRs typically have either two (D1-D2) or three (D0-D1-D2) extracellular immunoglobulin domains, with the D1 and D2 domain recognizing the α1 and α2 helices of HLA, respectively, whereas the D0 domain of the KIR3DLs binds a loop region flanking the α1 helix of the HLA molecule. KIR2DL4 is distinct from other KIRs (except KIR2DL5) in that it does not contain a D1 domain and instead has a D0-D2 arrangement. Functionally, KIR2DL4 is also atypical in that, unlike all other KIRs, KIR2DL4 has both activating and inhibitory signaling domains. Here, we determined the 2.8 Å crystal structure of the extracellular domains of KIR2DL4. Structurally, KIR2DL4 is reminiscent of other KIR2DL receptors, with the D0 and D2 adopting the C2-type immunoglobulin fold arranged with an acute elbow angle. However, KIR2DL4 self-associated via the D0 domain in a concentration-dependent manner and was observed as a tetramer in the crystal lattice by size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small angle x-ray scattering experiments. The assignment of residues in the D0 domain to forming the KIR2DL4 tetramer precludes an interaction with HLA akin to that observed for KIR3DL1. Accordingly, no interaction was observed to HLA by direct binding studies. Our data suggest that the unique functional properties of KIR2DL4 may be mediated by self-association of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoeib Moradi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Richard Berry
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Corinne Hitchen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Simone A Beckham
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Matthew C J Wilce
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Nicholas G Walpole
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Craig S Clements
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Hugh H Reid
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Matthew A Perugini
- the Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, the Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Julian P Vivian
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,
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Marra J, Greene J, Hwang J, Du J, Damon L, Martin T, Venstrom JM. KIR and HLA genotypes predictive of low-affinity interactions are associated with lower relapse in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4222-30. [PMID: 25810393 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) bind cognate HLA class I ligands with distinct affinities, affecting NK cell licensing and inhibition. We hypothesized that differences in KIR and HLA class I genotypes predictive of varying degrees of receptor-ligand binding affinities influence clinical outcomes in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using genomic DNA from a homogeneous cohort of 125 AML patients treated with AHCT, we performed KIR and HLA class I genotyping and found that patients with a compound KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Thr(+), HLA-Bw4-80Ile(-) genotype, predictive of low-affinity interactions, had a low incidence of relapse, compared with patients with a KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Ile(+) genotype, predictive of high-affinity interactions (hazard ratio [HR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.78; p = 0.02). This effect was influenced by HLA-Bw4 copy number, such that relapse progressively increased with one copy of HLA-Bw4-80Ile (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.84-3.1; p = 0.15) to two to three copies (HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.5; p = 0.005) and progressively decreased with one to two copies of HLA-Bw4-80Thr (p = 0.13). Among KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Ile(+) patients, a predicted low-affinity KIR2DL2/3(+) and HLA-C1/C1 genotype was associated with lower relapse than a predicted high-affinity KIR2DL1(+) and HLA-C2/C2 genotype (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.73; p = 0.01). Similarly, a KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Thr(+), HLA-Bw4-80Ile(-) genotype, or lack of KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Ile(+) genotype, rescued KIR2DL1(+) and HLA-C2/C2 patients from high relapse (p = 0.007). These findings support a role for NK cell graft-versus-leukemia activity modulated by NK cell receptor-ligand affinities in AHCT for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Marra
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Justin Greene
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Jimmy Hwang
- Biostatistics Core, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94115
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Lloyd Damon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Tom Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Jeffrey M Venstrom
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
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Peptide-Dependent Recognition of HLA-B*57:01 by KIR3DS1. J Virol 2015; 89:5213-21. [PMID: 25740999 PMCID: PMC4442525 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03586-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) play an important role in the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which in turn contribute to the effective immune control of many viral infections. In the context of HIV infection, the closely related KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1 molecules, in particular, have been associated with disease outcome. Inhibitory signals via KIR3DL1 are disrupted by downregulation of HLA class I ligands on the infected cell surface and can also be impacted by changes in the presented peptide repertoire. In contrast, the activatory ligands for KIR3DS1 remain obscure. We used a structure-driven approach to define the characteristics of HLA class I-restricted peptides that interact with KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1. In the case of HLA-B*57:01, we used this knowledge to identify bona fide HIV-derived peptide epitopes with similar properties. Two such peptides facilitated productive interactions between HLA-B*57:01 and KIR3DS1. These data reveal the presence of KIR3DS1 ligands within the HIV-specific peptide repertoire presented by a protective HLA class I allotype, thereby enhancing our mechanistic understanding of the processes that enable NK cells to impact disease outcome. IMPORTANCE Natural killer (NK) cells are implicated as determinants of immune control in many viral infections, but the precise molecular mechanisms that initiate and control these responses are unclear. The activating receptor KIR3DS1 in combination with HLA-Bw4 has been associated with better outcomes in HIV infection. However, evidence of a direct interaction between these molecules is lacking. In this study, we demonstrate that KIR3DS1 recognition of HLA-Bw4 is peptide dependent. We also identify HIV-derived peptide epitopes presented by the protective HLA-B*57:01 allotype that facilitate productive interactions with KIR3DS1. Collectively, these findings suggest a mechanism whereby changes in the peptide repertoire associated with viral infection provide a trigger for KIR3DS1 engagement and NK cell activation.
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39
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Human leukocyte antigen Bw4 and Bw6 epitopes recognized by antibodies and natural killer cells. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2015; 19:436-41. [PMID: 24977435 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the structural basis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Bw4 and Bw6 epitopes that are recognized by antibodies and the KIR3DL1 natural killer cell receptor. RECENT FINDINGS Molecular modeling and X-ray crystallography have refined our understanding of Bw4 and Bw6. These epitopes had been defined by comparison of HLA allele sequences and by site-directed mutagenesis. Anti-Bw4 and anti-Bw6 antibodies and KIR3DL1 receptors recognize HLA α-1 α-helix residues 77-83 in combination with other HLA regions. The variability of HLA sequences within the 77-83 region and at other sites indicates that the Bw4 epitope is complex. Adding complexity, HLA-bound peptides influence Bw4 and Bw6 epitopes. These structures are recognized by diverse antibodies and KIR3DL1 allotypes. This diversity allowed a Bw4 patient to produce anti-Bw4 antibody without breaking self-tolerance. SUMMARY Bw4 and Bw6 epitopes are best regarded as families of related structures that are recognized by a diverse array of antibodies and KIR3DL1 allotypes.
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Saunders PM, Vivian JP, Baschuk N, Beddoe T, Widjaja J, O'Connor GM, Hitchen C, Pymm P, Andrews DM, Gras S, McVicar DW, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. The interaction of KIR3DL1*001 with HLA class I molecules is dependent upon molecular microarchitecture within the Bw4 epitope. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:781-789. [PMID: 25480565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The killer cell Ig-like receptor 3DL1 (KIR3DL1) inhibits activation of NK cells upon interaction with HLA class I molecules such as HLA-B*57:01, which contains the Bw4 epitope spanning residues 77-83 (e.g., NLRIALR), and not with HLA allomorphs that possess the Bw6 motif (e.g., HLA-B*08:01), which differ at residues 77, 80, 81, 82, and 83. Although Bw4 residues Ile(80) and Arg(83) directly interact with KIR3DL1*001, their precise role in determining KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 specificity remains unclear. Recognition of HLA-B*57:01 by either KIR3DL1(+) NK cells or the NK cell line YTS transfected with KIR3DL1*001 was impaired by mutation of residues 80 and 83 of HLA-B*57:01 to the corresponding amino acids within the Bw6 motif. Conversely, the simultaneous introduction of three Bw4 residues at positions 80, 82, and 83 into HLA-B*08:01 conferred an interaction with KIR3DL1*001. Structural analysis of HLA-B*57:01, HLA-B*08:01, and mutants of each bearing substitutions at positions 80 and 83 revealed that Ile(80) and Arg(83) within the Bw4 motif constrain the conformation of Glu(76), primarily through a salt bridge between Arg(83) and Glu(76). This salt bridge was absent in HLA-Bw6 molecules as well as position 83 mutants of HLA-B*57:01. Mutation of the Bw4 residue Ile(80) also disrupted this salt bridge, providing further insight into the role that position 80 plays in mediating KIR3DL1 recognition. Thus, the strict conformation of HLA-Bw4 allotypes, held in place by the Glu(76)-Arg(83) interaction, facilitates KIR3DL1 binding, whereas Bw6 allotypes present a platform on the α1 helix that is less permissive for KIR3DL1 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nikola Baschuk
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter McCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, 3002 Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Widjaja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Connor
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Corinne Hitchen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel M Andrews
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter McCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, 3002 Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Nemat-Gorgani N, Edinur HA, Hollenbach JA, Traherne JA, Dunn PPJ, Chambers GK, Parham P, Norman PJ. KIR diversity in Māori and Polynesians: populations in which HLA-B is not a significant KIR ligand. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:597-611. [PMID: 25139336 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HLA class I molecules and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) form a diverse system of ligands and receptors that individualize human immune systems in ways that improve the survival of individuals and populations. Human settlement of Oceania by island-hopping East and Southeast Asian migrants started ~3,500 years ago. Subsequently, New Zealand was reached ~750 years ago by ancestral Māori. To examine how this history impacted KIR and HLA diversity, and their functional interaction, we defined at high resolution the allelic and haplotype diversity of the 13 expressed KIR genes in 49 Māori and 34 Polynesians. Eighty KIR variants, including four 'new' alleles, were defined, as were 35 centromeric and 22 telomeric KIR region haplotypes, which combine to give >50 full-length KIR haplotypes. Two new and divergent variant KIR form part of a telomeric KIR haplotype, which appears derived from Papua New Guinea and was probably obtained by the Asian migrants en route to Polynesia. Māori and Polynesian KIR are very similar, but differ significantly from African, European, Japanese, and Amerindian KIR. Māori and Polynesians have high KIR haplotype diversity with corresponding allotype diversity being maintained throughout the KIR locus. Within the population, each individual has a unique combination of HLA class I and KIR. Characterizing Māori and Polynesians is a paucity of HLA-B allotypes recognized by KIR. Compensating for this deficiency are high frequencies (>50 %) of HLA-A allotypes recognized by KIR. These HLA-A allotypes are ones that modern humans likely acquired from archaic humans at a much earlier time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Boudreau JE, Le Luduec JB, Hsu KC. Development of a novel multiplex PCR assay to detect functional subtypes of KIR3DL1 alleles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99543. [PMID: 24919192 PMCID: PMC4053526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among NK cell receptor-ligand partnerships, KIR3DL1 and HLA-Bw4 demonstrate the greatest diversity; permutations of their allelic combinations titrate NK reactivity. Balancing selection has maintained distinct subtypes of KIR3DL1 alleles in global populations, implying that each may provide unique fitness advantages and variably influence disease processes. Though approaches exist for determining HLA-B allotypes, practical methods for identifying KIR3DL1 alleles are lacking. We have developed a PCR-based approach that identifies functional subtypes of KIR3DL1 alleles; it is suitable for research and may have clinical application. Six allele subsets were identified based on expression characteristics of the eleven most common KIR3DL1 alleles represented in reported populations. The remaining 62 low-frequency alleles were distributed into these groups based on sequence homology to coding regions. Subtype-specific SNPs were found in exons 3, 4, and 7, and used as priming sites for five multiplex PCR reactions. Genomic DNA derived from 175 unrelated donors and 52 related individuals from 6 families demonstrated >99.5% concordance between sequence-based typing and our novel approach. Finally, PCR-based typing accurately predicted NK phenotypes obtained by flow cytometry after staining with DX9 and Z27 monoclonal antibodies. This novel approach facilitates high-throughput analysis of KIR3DL1 allotypes to enable a broader understanding of KIR3DL1 and HLA-Bw4 interaction in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette E. Boudreau
- Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jean-Benoît Le Luduec
- Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Katharine C. Hsu
- Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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