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Greilach SA, McIntyre LL, Nguyen QH, Silva J, Kessenbrock K, Lane TE, Walsh CM. Presentation of Human Neural Stem Cell Antigens Drives Regulatory T Cell Induction. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1677-1686. [PMID: 37083696 PMCID: PMC10192095 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) is a promising regenerative therapy to promote remyelination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Transplantation of hNSCs has been shown to increase the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the spinal cords of murine models of MS, which is correlated with a strong localized remyelination response. However, the mechanisms by which hNSC transplantation leads to an increase in Tregs in the CNS remains unclear. We report that hNSCs drive the conversion of T conventional (Tconv) cells into Tregs in vitro. Conversion of Tconv cells is Ag driven and fails to occur in the absence of TCR stimulation by cognate antigenic self-peptides. Furthermore, CNS Ags are sufficient to drive this conversion in the absence of hNSCs in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, only Ags presented in the thymus during T cell selection drive this Treg response. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms by which hNSC Ags drive the conversion of Tconv cells into Tregs and may provide key insight needed for the development of MS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Greilach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Laura L. McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Quy H. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Jorge Silva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Craig M. Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
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2
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Abstract
Animal models with high translational validity are essential tools in understanding disease pathogenesis and in the development of therapeutic strategies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive neurological deficits and socioeconomic burden. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most extensively utilized animal model of MS, with well-characterized rodent and non-human primate variants. The EAE model is typically induced by either active immunization with myelin-derived proteins or peptides in adjuvant or by passive transfer of activated myelin-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. To date, the EAE model has been an essential tool in the development of at least seven U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immunomodulatory drugs for the treatment of MS, including glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, and natalizumab. However, the translational validity of the EAE model is frequently compromised due to poor study design, inconsistent clinical scoring endpoints, and inappropriate statistical calculations. No single animal model accurately reflects the complexity of human MS pathogenesis. Beyond EAE, multiple additional animal models are described, including Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus and cuprizone-induced demyelination, which facilitate the study of pathogen-induced CNS autoimmunity and remyelination, respectively. This overview summarizes several of the most frequently used animal models of MS and highlights key factors that significantly influence the experimental outcome and affect translational validity. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Smith
- Incyte Research Institute, Wilmington, Delaware
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3
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Li D, Zhao W, Zhang X, Lv H, Li C, Sun L. NEFM DNA methylation correlates with immune infiltration and survival in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:112. [PMID: 34001208 PMCID: PMC8130356 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to determine whether NEFM (neurofilament medium) DNA methylation correlates with immune infiltration and prognosis in breast cancer (BRCA) and to explore NEFM-connected immune gene signature. Methods NEFM transcriptional expression was analyzed in BRCA and normal breast tissues using Oncomine and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases. The relationship between NEFM DNA methylation and NEFM transcriptional expression was investigated in TCGA. Potential influence of NEFM DNA methylation/expression on clinical outcome was evaluated using TCGA BRCA, The Human Protein Atlas and Kaplan–Meier plotter databases. Association of NEFM transcriptional expression/DNA methylation with cancer immune infiltration was investigated using TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results High expression of NEFM correlated with better overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in TCGA BRCA and Kaplan–Meier plotter, whereas NEFM DNA methylation with worse OS in TCGA BRCA. NEFM transcriptional expression negatively correlated with DNA methylation. NEFM DNA methylation significantly negatively correlated with infiltrating levels of B, CD8+ T/CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells in TIMER and TISIDB. NEFM expression positively correlated with macrophage infiltration in TIMER and TISIDB. After adjusted with tumor purity, NEFM expression weekly negatively correlated with infiltration level of B cells, whereas positively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration in TIMER gene modules. NEFM expression/DNA methylation correlated with diverse immune markers in TCGA and TISIDB. Conclusions NEFM low-expression/DNA methylation correlates with poor prognosis. NEFM expression positively correlates with macrophage infiltration. NEFM DNA methylation strongly negatively correlates with immune infiltration in BRCA. Our study highlights novel potential functions of NEFM expression/DNA methylation in regulation of tumor immune microenvironment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01096-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hanning Lv
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Lichun Sun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
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4
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Nazeri S, Zakeri S, Mehrizi AA, Sardari S, Djadid ND. Measuring of IgG2c isotype instead of IgG2a in immunized C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium vivax TRAP as a subunit vaccine candidate in order to correct interpretation of Th1 versus Th2 immune response. Exp Parasitol 2020; 216:107944. [PMID: 32619431 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the murine isotype antibodies is essential in subunit vaccine development because inbred mouse strains with diverse genetic backgrounds respond different to recombinant proteins. In this regard, the main goal of this study was to measuring and comparing the profile of IgG isotype responses in C57BL/6 mice. For this purpose, the extracellular region of plasmodium vivax thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (PvTRAP) gene was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)-pET23a. Then, the recombinant PvTRAP alone or emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant were applied for immunization of the C57BL/6 mice. The role of antibodies and cellular immune responses induced by recombinant PvTRAP were evaluated. The results showed the level of anti-rPvTRAP IgG2c was significantly higher than IgG2a in the groups that received rPvTRAP alone (mean OD490 = 0.798 ± 0.12 and 0.39 ± 0.1, respectively) and emulsified with CFA/IFA (mean OD490 = 1.48 ± 0.07 and 0.605 ± 0.13, respectively; P < 0.05, independent sample t-test). Additionally, the immunized mice with rPvTRAP and rPvTRAP + CFA/IFA had an intermediate-avidity IgG2a antibody but high-avidity IgG2c antibody as well as the mean of serum antibody titers results exhibited that in both rPvTRAP and rPvTRAP + CFA/IFA mouse groups, IgG2a end-point titer (1:3200 and 1:25,600, respectively) was noteworthy lower than IgG2c (1:25,600 and 1:102,400, respectively). Moreover, the results revealed the eliciting significant levels of IFN-γ (P < 0.05, independent sample t-test) and no detectable level of IL-4 in the mouse groups received rPvTRAP alone and emulsified with CFA/IFA as compared to the mouse control groups. In general, our results showed that for correctly interpreting of Th1 immune responses in C57BL/6 mouse strain it is critical to measure IgG2c instead of IgG2a along with IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nazeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Zakeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Abouie Mehrizi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Dinparast Djadid
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Leng Q, Tarbe M, Long Q, Wang F. Pre-existing heterologous T-cell immunity and neoantigen immunogenicity. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e01111. [PMID: 32211191 PMCID: PMC7085466 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens are tumor‐specific mutated proteins that are exempt from central tolerance and are therefore capable of efficiently eliciting effective T‐cell responses. The identification of immunogenic neoantigens in tumor‐specific mutated proteins has promising clinical implications for cancer immunotherapy. However, the factors that may contribute to neoantigen immunogenicity are not yet fully understood. Through molecular mimicry of antigens arising during cancer progression, the gut microbiota and previously encountered pathogens potentially have profound impacts on T‐cell responses to previously unencountered tumor neoantigens. Here, we review the characteristics of immunogenic neoantigens and how host exposure to microbes may affect T‐cell responses to neoantigens. We address the hypothesis that pre‐existing heterologous memory T‐cell immunity is a major factor that influences neoantigen immunogenicity in individual cancer patients. Accumulating data suggest that differences in individual histories of microbial exposure should be taken into account during the optimisation of algorithms that predict neoantigen immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Leng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China.,The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China.,Institute Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai China
| | - Marion Tarbe
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China.,Institute Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai China
| | - Qi Long
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology Center for Microbiota and Immunological Diseases Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Institute of Immunology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.,Research Center of Translational Medicine Shanghai Children's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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6
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Malviya M, Saoudi A, Bauer J, Fillatreau S, Liblau R. Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with engineered bi-specific Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells. J Autoimmun 2020; 108:102401. [PMID: 31948790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) as a cellular therapy for autoimmune diseases is appealing. However, it is challenging to isolate and expand large quantity of Tregs expressing disease-relevant T-cell receptors (TCR). To overcome this problem, we used an approach aiming at redirecting the specificity of polyclonal Tregs through autoreactive TCR gene transfer technology. In this study, we examined whether Tregs engineered through retroviral transduction to express a TCR cross-reactive to two CNS autoantigens, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and neurofilament-medium (NF-M), had a superior protective efficacy compared with Tregs expressing a MOG mono-specific TCR. We observed that engineered Tregs (engTregs) exhibited in vitro regulatory effects related to the antigenic specificity of the introduced TCR, and commensurate in potency with the avidity of the transduced TCR. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), adoptively transferred engTregs proliferated, and migrated to the CNS, while retaining FoxP3 expression. EngTregs expressing MOG/NF-M cross-reactive TCR had superior protective properties over engTregs expressing MOG-specific TCR in MOG-induced EAE. Remarkably, MOG/NF-M bi-specific TCR-engTregs also improved recovery from EAE induced by an unrelated CNS autoantigen, proteolipid protein (PLP). This study underlines the benefit of using TCRs cross-reacting towards multiple autoantigens, compared with mono-reactive TCR, for the generation of engTregs affording protection from autoimmune disease in adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Malviya
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Bauer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bâtiment Leriche, 75993, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Roland Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
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7
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Blanchfield L, Sabatino JJ, Lawrence L, Evavold BD. NFM Cross-Reactivity to MOG Does Not Expand a Critical Threshold Level of High-Affinity T Cells Necessary for Onset of Demyelinating Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2680-2691. [PMID: 28887429 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Of interest to the etiology of demyelinating autoimmune disease is the potential to aberrantly activate CD4+ T cells due to cross-recognition of multiple self-epitopes such as has been suggested for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein epitope 35-55 (MOG35-55) and neurofilament medium protein epitope 15-35 (NFM15-35). NFM15-35 is immunogenic in C57BL/6 mice but fails to induce demyelinating disease by polyclonal T cells despite having the same TCR contact residues as MOG35-55, a known encephalitogenic Ag. Despite reported cross-reactivity with MOG-specific T cells, the polyclonal response to NFM15-35 did not expand threshold numbers of MOG38-49 tetramer-positive T cells. Furthermore, NFM lacked functional synergy with MOG to promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis because NFM-deficient synonymous with knockout mice developed an identical disease course to wild-type mice after challenge with MOG35-55 Single-cell analysis of encephalitogenic T cells using the peptide:MHC monomer-based two-dimensional micropipette adhesion frequency assay confirmed that NFM was not a critical Ag driving demyelinating disease because NFM18-30-specific T cells in the CNS were predominantly reactive to MOG38-49 The absence of NFM contribution to disease allowed mapping of the amino acids required for encephalitogenicity and expansion of high-affinity, MOG-specific T cells that defined the polyclonal response. Alterations of N-terminal residues outside of the NFM15-35 core nonamer promoted expansion of high-affinity, MOG38-49 tetramer-positive T cells and promoted consistent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction, unlike mice challenged with NFM15-35 Although NFM15-35 is immunogenic and cross-reactive with MOG at the polyclonal level, it fails to expand a threshold level of encephalitogenic, high-affinity MOG-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Blanchfield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Joseph J Sabatino
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - Laurel Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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8
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Lucca LE, Axisa PP, Aloulou M, Perals C, Ramadan A, Rufas P, Kyewski B, Derbinski J, Fazilleau N, Mars LT, Liblau RS. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induces incomplete tolerance of CD4(+) T cells specific for both a myelin and a neuronal self-antigen in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2247-59. [PMID: 27334749 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T-cell polyspecificity, predicting that individual T cells recognize a continuum of related ligands, implies that multiple antigens can tolerize T cells specific for a given self-antigen. We previously showed in C57BL/6 mice that part of the CD4(+) T-cell repertoire specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 also recognizes the neuronal antigen neurofilament medium (NF-M) 15-35. Such bi-specific CD4(+) T cells are frequent and produce inflammatory cytokines after stimulation. Since T cells recognizing two self-antigens would be expected to be tolerized more efficiently, this finding prompted us to study how polyspecificity impacts tolerance. We found that similar to MOG, NF-M is expressed in the thymus by medullary thymic epithelial cells, a tolerogenic population. Nevertheless, the frequency, phenotype, and capacity to transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) of MOG35-55 -reactive CD4(+) T cells were increased in MOG-deficient but not in NF-M-deficient mice. We found that presentation of NF-M15-35 by I-A(b) on dendritic cells is of short duration, suggesting unstable MHC class II binding. Consistently, introducing an MHC-anchoring residue into NF-M15-35 (NF-M15-35 T20Y) increased its immunogenicity, activating a repertoire able to induce EAE. Our results show that in C57BL/6 mice bi-specific encephalitogenic T cells manage to escape tolerization due to inefficient exposure to two self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana E Lucca
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Axisa
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Perals
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdulraouf Ramadan
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Rufas
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Kyewski
- Developmental Immunobiology, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Derbinski
- Developmental Immunobiology, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Lennart T Mars
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France. .,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France. .,CHU Toulouse, Département d'Immunologie, Toulouse, France.
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9
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Ramadan A, Lucca LE, Carrié N, Desbois S, Axisa PP, Hayder M, Bauer J, Liblau RS, Mars LT. In situ expansion of T cells that recognize distinct self-antigens sustains autoimmunity in the CNS. Brain 2016; 139:1433-46. [PMID: 27000832 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyspecific T cells recognizing multiple distinct self-antigens have been identified in multiple sclerosis and other organ-specific autoimmune diseases, but their pathophysiological relevance remains undetermined. Using a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, we show that autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction is strictly dependent on reactivation of pathogenic T cells by a peptide (35-55) derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). This disease-inducing response wanes after onset. Strikingly, the progression of disease is driven by the in situ activation and expansion of a minority of MOG35-55-specific T cells that also recognize neurofilament-medium (NF-M)15-35, an intermediate filament protein expressed in neurons. This mobilization of bispecific T cells is critical for disease progression as adoptive transfer of NF-M15-35/MOG35-55 bispecific T cell lines caused full-blown disease in wild-type but not NF-M-deficient recipients. Moreover, specific tolerance through injection of NF-M15-35 peptide at the peak of disease halted experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression. Our findings highlight the importance of polyspecific autoreactive T cells in the aggravation and perpetuation of central nervous system autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraouf Ramadan
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Liliana E Lucca
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Nadège Carrié
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Sabine Desbois
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Axisa
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Myriam Hayder
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Jan Bauer
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland S Liblau
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Lennart T Mars
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France INSERM UMR995, LIRIC, F-59000 Lille, France Université de Lille, centre d'excellence LICEND and FHU IMMINeNT, F-59000 Lille, France
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10
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Häggmark A, Schwenk JM, Nilsson P. Neuroproteomic profiling of human body fluids. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:485-502. [PMID: 26286680 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of protein expression and abundance provides a possibility to extend the current knowledge on disease-associated processes and pathways. The human brain is a complex organ and dysfunction or damage can give rise to a variety of neurological diseases. Although many proteins potentially reflecting disease progress are originating from brain, the scarce availability of human tissue material has lead to utilization of body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid and blood in disease-related research. Within the most common neurological disorders, much effort has been spent on studying the role of a few hallmark proteins in disease pathogenesis but despite extensive investigation, the signatures they provide seem insufficient to fully understand and predict disease progress. In order to expand the view the field of neuroproteomics has lately emerged alongside developing technologies, such as affinity proteomics and mass spectrometry, for multiplexed and high-throughput protein profiling. Here, we provide an overview of how such technologies have been applied to study neurological disease and we also discuss some important considerations concerning discovery of disease-associated profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Häggmark
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hayder M, Varilh M, Turrin CO, Saoudi A, Caminade AM, Poupot R, Liblau RS. Phosphorus-Based Dendrimer ABP Treats Neuroinflammation by Promoting IL-10-Producing CD4(+) T Cells. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3425-33. [PMID: 26397709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are polyfunctional nano-objects of perfectly defined structure that can provide innovative alternatives for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate the efficiency of a recently described amino-bis(methylene phosphonate)-capped ABP dendrimer as a potential drug candidate for MS, we used the classical mouse model of MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our study provides evidence that the ABP dendrimer prevents the development of EAE and inhibits the progression of established disease with a comparable therapeutic benefit as the approved treatment Fingolimod. We also show that the ABP dendrimer redirects the pathogenic myelin-specific CD4(+) T cell response toward IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS UPR8241-205 , route de Narbonne, 31077-BP44099 Toulouse Cedex 4 France.,UPS-INPT, Université de Toulouse , F31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS UPR8241-205 , route de Narbonne, 31077-BP44099 Toulouse Cedex 4 France.,UPS-INPT, Université de Toulouse , F31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Wu GF, Parker Harp CR, Shindler KS. Optic Neuritis: A Model for the Immuno-pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 11:85-92. [PMID: 29399010 DOI: 10.2174/1573395511666150707181644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for the tenuous regulation between the immune system and central nervous system (CNS) can be found with examples of interaction between these organ systems gone awry. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototypical inflammatory disease of the CNS and is characterized by widely distributed inflammatory demyelinating plaques that can involve the brain, spinal cord and/or optic nerves. Optic neuritis (ON), inflammatory injury of the optic nerve that frequently occurs in patients with MS, has been the focus of intense study in part given the readily accessible nature of clinical outcome measures. Exploring the clinical and pathological features of ON in relation to other inflammatory demyelinating conditions of the CNS, namely MS and neuromyelitis optica, provides an opportunity to glean common and distinct mechanisms of disease. Emerging data from clinical studies along with various animal models involving ON implicate innate and adaptive immune responses directed at glial targets, including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin 4. Resolution of inflammation in ON is commonly observed both clinically and experimentally, but persistent nerve injury is also one emerging hallmark of ON. One hypothesis seeking evaluation is that, in comparison to other sites targeted in MS, the optic nerve is a highly specialized target within the CNS predisposing to unique immunologic processes that generate ON. Overall, ON serves as a highly relevant entity for understanding the pathogenesis of other CNS demyelinating conditions, most notably MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chelsea R Parker Harp
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth S Shindler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19004, USA
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Multiple Sclerosis and T Lymphocytes: An Entangled Story. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:528-46. [PMID: 25946987 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototypic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multifocal areas of demyelination, axonal damage, activation of glial cells, and immune cell infiltration. Despite intensive years of research, the etiology of this neurological disorder remains elusive. Nevertheless, the abundance of immune cells such as T lymphocytes and their products in CNS lesions of MS patients supports the notion that MS is an immune-mediated disorder. An important body of evidence gathered from MS animal models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), points to the central contribution of CD4 T lymphocytes in disease pathogenesis. Both Th1 (producing interferon-γ) and Th17 (producing interleukin 17) CD4 T lymphocytes targeting CNS self-antigens have been implicated in MS and EAE pathobiology. Moreover, several publications suggest that CD8 T lymphocytes also participate in the development of MS lesions. The migration of activated T lymphocytes from the periphery into the CNS has been identified as a crucial step in the formation of MS lesions. Several factors promote such T cell extravasation including: molecules (e.g., cell adhesion molecules) implicated in the T cell-blood brain barrier interaction, and chemokines produced by neural cells. Finally, once in the CNS, T lymphocytes need to be reactivated by local antigen presenting cells prior to enter the parenchyma where they can initiate damage. Further investigations will be necessary to elucidate the impact of environmental factors (e.g., gut microbiota) and CNS intrinsic properties (e.g., microglial activation) on this inflammatory neurological disease.
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Nelson RW, Beisang D, Tubo NJ, Dileepan T, Wiesner DL, Nielsen K, Wüthrich M, Klein BS, Kotov DI, Spanier JA, Fife BT, Moon JJ, Jenkins MK. T cell receptor cross-reactivity between similar foreign and self peptides influences naive cell population size and autoimmunity. Immunity 2015; 42:95-107. [PMID: 25601203 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity between major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII)-binding self and foreign peptides could influence the naive CD4(+) T cell repertoire and autoimmunity. We found that nonamer peptides that bind to the same MHCII molecule only need to share five amino acids to cross-react on the same TCR. This property was biologically relevant because systemic expression of a self peptide reduced the size of a naive cell population specific for a related foreign peptide by deletion of cells with cross-reactive TCRs. Reciprocally, an incompletely deleted naive T cell population specific for a tissue-restricted self peptide could be triggered by related microbial peptides to cause autoimmunity. Thus, TCR cross-reactivity between similar self and foreign peptides can reduce the size of certain foreign peptide-specific T cell populations and might allow T cell populations specific for tissue-restricted self peptides to cause autoimmunity after infection.
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