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Gupta R, Chauhan A, Kaur T, Kuanr BK, Sharma D. Enhancing Magnetic Hyperthermia Efficacy through Targeted Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition: Unveiling Immune-Mediated Therapeutic Synergy in Glioma Treatment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17145-17161. [PMID: 38906828 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The induction of heat stress response (HSR) mediated by the generation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) on exposure to magnetic hyperthermia-mediated cancer therapy (MHCT) decreases the efficacy of localized heat treatment at the tumor site, and thus therapy remains a significant challenge. Hence, the present study examined differential HSR elicited in glioma cells post-MHCT under different tumor microenvironment conditions (2D monolayers, 3D monoculture, and coculture spheroids) to recognize target genes that, when downregulated, could enhance the therapeutic effect of MHCT. Gene expression analysis following MHCT revealed that HSP90 was upregulated as compared to HSP70. Hence, to enhance the efficacy of the treatment, a combinatorial strategy using 17-DMAG as an inhibitor of HSP90 following MHCT was investigated. The effects of combinatorial therapy in terms of cell viability, HSP levels by immunofluorescence and gene expression analysis, oxidative stress generation, and alterations in cellular integrity were evaluated, where combinatorial therapy demonstrated an enhanced therapeutic outcome with maximum glioma cell death. Further, in the murine glioma model, a rapid tumor inhibition of 65 and 53% was observed within 8 days at the primary and secondary tumor sites, respectively, in the MCHT + 17-DMAG group, with abscopal effect-mediated complete tumor inhibition at both the tumor sites within 20 days of MHCT. The extracellularly released HSP90 from dying tumor cells further suggested the induction of immune response supported by the upregulation of IFN-γ and calreticulin genes in the MHCT + 17-DMAG group. Overall, our findings indicate that MHCT activates host immune systems and efficiently cooperates with the HSP90 blockade to inhibit the growth of distant metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Gupta
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tashmeen Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Bijoy Kumar Kuanr
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Kunachowicz D, Król-Kulikowska M, Raczycka W, Sleziak J, Błażejewska M, Kulbacka J. Heat Shock Proteins, a Double-Edged Sword: Significance in Cancer Progression, Chemotherapy Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1500. [PMID: 38672583 PMCID: PMC11048091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in one of the adaptive mechanisms protecting cells against environmental and metabolic stress. Moreover, the large role of these proteins in the carcinogenesis process, as well as in chemoresistance, was noticed. This review aims to draw attention to the possibilities of using Hsps in developing new cancer therapy methods, as well as to indicate directions for future research on this topic. In order to discuss this matter, a thorough review of the latest scientific literature was carried out, taking into account the importance of selected proteins from the Hsp family, including Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110. One of the more characteristic features of all Hsps is that they play a multifaceted role in cancer progression, which makes them an obvious target for modern anticancer therapy. Some researchers emphasize the importance of directly inhibiting the action of these proteins. In turn, others point to their possible use in the design of cancer vaccines, which would work by inducing an immune response in various types of cancer. Due to these possibilities, it is believed that the use of Hsps may contribute to the progress of oncoimmunology, and thus help in the development of modern anticancer therapies, which would be characterized by higher effectiveness and lower toxicity to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kunachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Król-Kulikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Wiktoria Raczycka
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Jakub Sleziak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Błażejewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine Santariškių g. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- DIVE IN AI, 53-307 Wroclaw, Poland
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Kim H, Jo JH, Lee HG, Park W, Lee HK, Park JE, Shin D. Inflammatory response in dairy cows caused by heat stress and biological mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300719. [PMID: 38527055 PMCID: PMC10962848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change increases global temperatures, which is lethal to both livestock and humans. Heat stress is known as one of the various livestock stresses, and dairy cows react sensitively to high-temperature stress. We aimed to better understand the effects of heat stress on the health of dairy cows and observing biological changes. Individual cows were divided into normal (21-22 °C, 50-60% humidity) and high temperature (31-32 °C, 80-95% humidity), respectively, for 7-days. We performed metabolomic and transcriptome analyses of the blood and gut microbiomes of feces. In the high-temperature group, nine metabolites including linoleic acid and fructose were downregulated, and 154 upregulated and 72 downregulated DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) were identified, and eighteen microbes including Intestinimonas and Pseudoflavonifractor in genus level were significantly different from normal group. Linoleic acid and fructose have confirmed that associated with various stresses, and functional analysis of DEG and microorganisms showing significant differences confirmed that high-temperature stress is related to the inflammatory response, immune system, cellular energy mechanism, and microbial butyrate production. These biological changes were likely to withstand high-temperature stress. Immune and inflammatory responses are known to be induced by heat stress, which has been identified to maintain homeostasis through modulation at metabolome, transcriptome and microbiome levels. In these findings, heat stress condition can trigger alteration of immune system and cellular energy metabolism, which is shown as reduced metabolites, pathway enrichment and differential microbes. As results of this study did not include direct phenotypic data, we believe that additional validation is required in the future. In conclusion, high-temperature stress contributed to the reduction of metabolites, changes in gene expression patterns and composition of gut microbiota, which are thought to support dairy cows in withstanding high-temperature stress via modulating immune-related genes, and cellular energy metabolism to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hoon Jo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Somu P, Mohanty S, Basavegowda N, Yadav AK, Paul S, Baek KH. The Interplay between Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer Pathogenesis: A Novel Strategy for Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:638. [PMID: 38339390 PMCID: PMC10854888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are developmentally conserved families of protein found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. HSPs are engaged in a diverse range of physiological processes, including molecular chaperone activity to assist the initial protein folding or promote the unfolding and refolding of misfolded intermediates to acquire the normal or native conformation and its translocation and prevent protein aggregation as well as in immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy. These molecular chaperonins are classified into various families according to their molecular size or weight, encompassing small HSPs (e.g., HSP10 and HSP27), HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and the category of large HSPs that include HSP100 and ClpB proteins. The overexpression of HSPs is induced to counteract cell stress at elevated levels in a variety of solid tumors, including anticancer chemotherapy, and is closely related to a worse prognosis and therapeutic resistance to cancer cells. HSPs are also involved in anti-apoptotic properties and are associated with processes of cancer progression and development, such as metastasis, invasion, and cell proliferation. This review outlines the previously mentioned HSPs and their significant involvement in diverse mechanisms of tumor advancement and metastasis, as well as their contribution to identifying potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Somu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, School of Civil & Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur 303007, India;
| | - Sonali Mohanty
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India;
| | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioengineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India;
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
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Volovat SR, Scripcariu DV, Vasilache IA, Stolniceanu CR, Volovat C, Augustin IG, Volovat CC, Ostafe MR, Andreea-Voichița SG, Bejusca-Vieriu T, Lungulescu CV, Sur D, Boboc D. Oncolytic Virotherapy: A New Paradigm in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1180. [PMID: 38256250 PMCID: PMC10816814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potential treatment options for cancer. Natural and genetically engineered viruses exhibit various antitumor mechanisms. OVs act by direct cytolysis, the potentiation of the immune system through antigen release, and the activation of inflammatory responses or indirectly by interference with different types of elements in the tumor microenvironment, modification of energy metabolism in tumor cells, and antiangiogenic action. The action of OVs is pleiotropic, and they show varied interactions with the host and tumor cells. An important impediment in oncolytic virotherapy is the journey of the virus into the tumor cells and the possibility of its binding to different biological and nonbiological vectors. OVs have been demonstrated to eliminate cancer cells that are resistant to standard treatments in many clinical trials for various cancers (melanoma, lung, and hepatic); however, there are several elements of resistance to the action of viruses per se. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the combination of OVs with other standard treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and cellular therapies, to increase the response rate. This review provides a comprehensive update on OVs, their use in oncolytic virotherapy, and the future prospects of this therapy alongside the standard therapies currently used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ingrid Andrada Vasilache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics—Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | | | | | - Madalina-Raluca Ostafe
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | - Slevoacă-Grigore Andreea-Voichița
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | - Toni Bejusca-Vieriu
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
| | | | - Daniel Sur
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Diana Boboc
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.V.); (M.-R.O.); (S.-G.A.-V.); (T.B.-V.)
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de Lima MR, Leandro ACCS, de Souza AL, Barradas MM, Roma EH, Fernandes ATG, Galdino-Silva G, Carvalho JKMR, Marchevsky RS, Coelho JMCO, Gonçalves EDC, VandeBerg JL, Silva CL, Bonecini-Almeida MDG. Safety and Immunogenicity of an In Vivo Muscle Electroporation Delivery System for DNA- hsp65 Tuberculosis Vaccine in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1863. [PMID: 38140266 PMCID: PMC10747856 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is still the only licensed vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis, providing limited protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in adulthood. New advances in the delivery of DNA vaccines by electroporation have been made in the past decade. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the DNA-hsp65 vaccine administered by intramuscular electroporation (EP) in cynomolgus macaques. Animals received three doses of DNA-hsp65 at 30-day intervals. We demonstrated that intramuscular electroporated DNA-hsp65 vaccine immunization of cynomolgus macaques was safe, and there were no vaccine-related effects on hematological, renal, or hepatic profiles, compared to the pre-vaccination parameters. No tuberculin skin test conversion nor lung X-ray alteration was identified. Further, low and transient peripheral cellular immune response and cytokine expression were observed, primarily after the third dose of the DNA-hsp65 vaccine. Electroporated DNA-hsp65 vaccination is safe but provides limited enhancement of peripheral cellular immune responses. Preclinical vaccine trials with DNA-hsp65 delivered via EP may include a combination of plasmid cytokine adjuvant and/or protein prime-boost regimen, to help the induction of a stronger cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ribeiro de Lima
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Ana Cristina C. S. Leandro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
- Division of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA;
| | - Andreia Lamoglia de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Marcio Mantuano Barradas
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Eric Henrique Roma
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Ana Teresa Gomes Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Gabrielle Galdino-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Joyce Katiuccia M. Ramos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Renato Sergio Marchevsky
- Laboratory of Neurovirulence, Instituto de Biotecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Biomanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Janice M. C. Oliveira Coelho
- Laboratory of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil;
| | | | - John L. VandeBerg
- Division of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA;
| | - Celio Lopes Silva
- Farmacore Biotecnologia Ltda, Ribeirão Preto 14056-680, SP, Brazil; (E.D.C.G.); (C.L.S.)
- Laboratory for Research and Development of Immunobiologicals, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria da Gloria Bonecini-Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
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Jayashree K, Senthilkumar GP, Parameswaran S, Vadivelan M. Association of elevated extracellular HSP72 in albuminuria with systemic inflammation and disease progression in type 2 diabetic kidney disease. Clin Biochem 2023; 121-122:110682. [PMID: 37926404 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-clinical inflammation in hyperglycemia is tied to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Though well known for its immunostimulatory function, the significance of extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72) in DKD is not well studied. We aimed to determine the association of extracellular HSP72 with systemic inflammation and the progression of DKD, and explore its possible clinical significance in DKD. METHODS 160 type 2 diabetic individuals were enrolled in the study. Their anthropometric data, routine biochemical parameters, urinary renal function parameters, and blood count parameters were estimated. Plasma from patients' blood samples were used to estimate HSP72 and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) using sandwich immunoassays. RESULTS Plasma eHSP72 is elevated in DKD. Pairwise comparisons showed the drastic elevation of eHSP72 in the presence of albuminuria. A significant positive relationship was observed between plasma levels of eHSP72 and IL-1β. eHSP72 levels did not statistically differ between micro and macro-albuminuric DKD. However, it was inversely associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, the index of disease severity, independent of age, gender, diabetes duration and absolute monocyte count. At a cutoff of 0.52 ng/ml, with sensitivity of 64.1 % and specificity of 69.2 %, plasma eHSP72 differentiated the presence of DKD in type 2 diabetics with statistical significance. CONCLUSION The positive relationship of eHSP72 and IL-1β with worsening DKD likely indicates their participation in immunostimulatory pathways of renal fibrosis. eHSP72 may be closely linked to albuminuria-induced tubular injury and likely contributes to fibrotic changes in the progression of DKD. From our study, we infer the possible clinical significance of eHSP72 as a marker of sub-clinical renal damage in DKD, and the implication of IL-1β-associated mechanisms in DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppuswami Jayashree
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Sreejith Parameswaran
- Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Mehalingam Vadivelan
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Somu P, Basavegowda N, Gomez LA, Jayaprakash HV, Puneetha GK, Yadav AK, Paul S, Baek KH. Crossroad between the Heat Shock Protein and Inflammation Pathway in Acquiring Drug Resistance: A Possible Target for Future Cancer Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2639. [PMID: 37893013 PMCID: PMC10604354 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) against chemotherapeutic agents has become a major impediment in cancer therapy. Understanding the underlying mechanism behind MDR can guide future treatment for cancer with better therapeutic outcomes. Recent studies evidenced that crossroads interaction between the heat shock proteins (HSP) and inflammatory responses under the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in modulating drug responsiveness and drug resistance through a complex cytological process. This review aims to investigate the interrelationship between inflammation and HSP in acquiring multiple drug resistance and investigate strategies to overcome the drug resistance to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment. HSP plays a dual regulatory effect as an immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory agent, involving the simultaneous blockade of multiple signaling pathways in acquiring MDR. For example, HSP27 shows biological effects on monocytes by causing IL10 and TNFα secretion and blocking monocyte differentiation to normal dendritic cells and tumor-associated macrophages to promote cancer progression and chemoresistance. Thus, the HSP function and immune-checkpoint release modalities provide a therapeutic target for a therapeutically beneficial approach for enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. The interconnection between inflammation and HSP, along with the tumor microenvironment in acquiring drug resistance, has become crucial for rationalizing the effect of HSP immunomodulatory activity with immune checkpoint blockade. This relationship can overcome drug resistance and assist in the development of novel combinatorial cancer immunotherapy in fighting cancer with decreasing mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Somu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, School of Civil & Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur 303007, India;
| | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
| | - Levin Anbu Gomez
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Bioscience, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, India;
| | | | | | - Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan;
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
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Shi H, Wang K, Tang S, Zhai S, Shi J, Su C, Liu L. Large Range Atomic Force Microscopy with High Aspect Ratio Micropipette Probe for Deep Trench Imaging. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201401. [PMID: 36811166 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been adopted in both industry and academia for high-fidelity, full-profile topographic characterization. Typically, the tiny tip of the cantilever and the limited traveling range of the scanner restrict AFM measurement to relatively flat samples (recommend 1 µm). The primary objective of this work is to address these limitations using a large-range AFM (measuring height >10 µm) system consisting of a novel repairable high aspect ratio probe (HARP) with a nested-proportional-integral-derivative (nested-PID) AFM system. The HARP is fabricated using a reliable, cost-efficient bench-top process. The tip is then fused by pulling the end of the micropipette cantilever with a length up to hundreds of micrometers and a tip diameter of 30 nm. The design, simulation, fabrication, and performance of the HARP are described herein. This instrument is then tested using polymer trenches which reveals superior image fidelity compared to standard silicon tips. Finally, a nested-PID system is developed and employed to facilitate 3D characterization of 50-µm-step samples. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed bench-top technique for the fabrication of low-cost, simple HAR AFM probes that facilitate the imaging of samples with deep trenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Si Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Chanmin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
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10
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Liu Y, Wu G, Sun K, Zhou G, Tao K. Nanoparticles that Transcytosed through Cancer Cells Can Elicit Immune Response. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2687-2694. [PMID: 36920162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcytosis is a crucial process that nanomedicines can experience in various delivery stages. However, little was known about whether it endows biofunctions to the nanomedicines. Here, we reported that transporting photodynamic nanoparticles across cancer cells via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway formulated them with abundant neoantigens and damage-associated molecular patterns. The resultant nanoparticles (Tran-NPs) were potent in dendritic cell maturation and T cell activation. Meanwhile, the photodynamic Tran-NPs maintained their primary function of repolarizing immunosuppressive cells. The immune responses were observed in melanoma B16F10 tumor models. Our work suggested that the transcytosis process reprogrammed the nanoparticles with immunological properties, which might shed light on the design of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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11
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Zhang P, Omanska A, Ander B, Gandal M, Stamova B, Schumann C. Neuron-specific transcriptomic signatures indicate neuroinflammation and altered neuronal activity in ASD temporal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206758120. [PMID: 36862688 PMCID: PMC10013873 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206758120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder, yet transcriptomic profiling of bulk brain tissue has identified substantial convergence among dysregulated genes and pathways in ASD. However, this approach lacks cell-specific resolution. We performed comprehensive transcriptomic analyses on bulk tissue and laser-capture microdissected (LCM) neurons from 59 postmortem human brains (27 ASD and 32 controls) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) of individuals ranging from 2 to 73 years of age. In bulk tissue, synaptic signaling, heat shock protein-related pathways, and RNA splicing were significantly altered in ASD. There was age-dependent dysregulation of genes involved in gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) (GAD1 and GAD2) and glutamate (SLC38A1) signaling pathways. In LCM neurons, AP-1-mediated neuroinflammation and insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways were upregulated in ASD, while mitochondrial function, ribosome, and spliceosome components were downregulated. GABA synthesizing enzymes GAD1 and GAD2 were both downregulated in ASD neurons. Mechanistic modeling suggested a direct link between inflammation and ASD in neurons, and prioritized inflammation-associated genes for future study. Alterations in small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) associated with splicing events suggested interplay between snoRNA dysregulation and splicing disruption in neurons of individuals with ASD. Our findings supported the fundamental hypothesis of altered neuronal communication in ASD, demonstrated that inflammation was elevated at least in part in ASD neurons, and may reveal windows of opportunity for biotherapeutics to target the trajectory of gene expression and clinical manifestation of ASD throughout the human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Alicja Omanska
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
- University of California, Davis, MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - Bradley P. Ander
- University of California, Davis, MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA95817
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - Michael J. Gandal
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Med and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Boryana Stamova
- University of California, Davis, MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA95817
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - Cynthia M. Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
- University of California, Davis, MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA95817
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12
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Palanivelu L, Liu CH, Lin LT. Immunogenic cell death: The cornerstone of oncolytic viro-immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1038226. [PMID: 36755812 PMCID: PMC9899992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cancer is one of the leading global health concerns, causing nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. While classical chemotherapeutics produce strong cytotoxicity on cancer cells, they carry limitations of drug resistance and off-target effects and sometimes fail to elicit adequate antitumor protection against tumor relapse. Additionally, most cancer cells have developed various ways to escape immune surveillance. Nevertheless, novel anticancer strategies such as oncolytic viro-immunotherapy can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD), which can quickly grasp the attention of the host defense machinery, resulting in an ensuing antitumor immune response. Specifically, oncolytic viruses (OVs) can infect and destroy targeted cancer cells and stimulate the immune system by exposing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to promote inflammatory reactions, and concomitantly prime and induce antitumor immunity by the release of neoantigens from the damaged cancer cells. Thus, OVs can serve as a novel system to sensitize tumor cells for promising immunotherapies. This review discusses the concept of ICD in cancer, centralizing ICD-associated danger signals and their consequence in antitumor responses and ICD induced by OVs. We also shed light on the potential strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of OVs, including the use of genetically modified OVs and their combination with ICD-enhancing agents, which are helpful as forthcoming anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Palanivelu
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Liang-Tzung Lin,
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13
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Leiba J, Özbilgiç R, Hernández L, Demou M, Lutfalla G, Yatime L, Nguyen-Chi M. Molecular Actors of Inflammation and Their Signaling Pathways: Mechanistic Insights from Zebrafish. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020153. [PMID: 36829432 PMCID: PMC9952950 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of the physiological response to aggressions. It is orchestrated by a plethora of molecules that detect the danger, signal intracellularly, and activate immune mechanisms to fight the threat. Understanding these processes at a level that allows to modulate their fate in a pathological context strongly relies on in vivo studies, as these can capture the complexity of the whole process and integrate the intricate interplay between the cellular and molecular actors of inflammation. Over the years, zebrafish has proven to be a well-recognized model to study immune responses linked to human physiopathology. We here provide a systematic review of the molecular effectors of inflammation known in this vertebrate and recapitulate their modes of action, as inferred from sterile or infection-based inflammatory models. We present a comprehensive analysis of their sequence, expression, and tissue distribution and summarize the tools that have been developed to study their function. We further highlight how these tools helped gain insights into the mechanisms of immune cell activation, induction, or resolution of inflammation, by uncovering downstream receptors and signaling pathways. These progresses pave the way for more refined models of inflammation, mimicking human diseases and enabling drug development using zebrafish models.
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14
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Garmendia JV, García AH, De Sanctis CV, Hajdúch M, De Sanctis JB. Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Prolonged COVID-19. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 45:33-50. [PMID: 36661489 PMCID: PMC9857622 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes the complex and heterogeneous illness known as COVID-19. The disease primarily affects the respiratory system but can quickly become systemic, harming multiple organs and leading to long-lasting sequelae in some patients. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic or present mild symptoms. Antibodies, complement, and immune cells can efficiently eliminate the virus. However, 20% of individuals develop severe respiratory illness and multiple organ failure. Virus replication has been described in several organs in patients who died from COVID-19, suggesting a compromised immune response. Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity are responsible for this impairment and facilitate viral escape. Mutations in IFN signal transduction and T cell activation are responsible for the inadequate response in young individuals. Autoantibodies are accountable for secondary immunodeficiency in patients with severe infection or prolonged COVID-19. Antibodies against cytokines (interferons α, γ and ω, IL1β, IL6, IL10, IL-17, IL21), chemokines, complement, nuclear proteins and DNA, anticardiolipin, and several extracellular proteins have been reported. The type and titer of autoantibodies depend on age and gender. Organ-specific autoantibodies have been described in prolonged COVID-19. Their role in the disease is under study. Autoimmunity and immunodeficiency should be screened as risk factors for severe or prolonged COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Valentina Garmendia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alexis Hipólito García
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela
| | - Claudia Valentina De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Institute of Advanced Technology in Research [Catrin], Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Institute of Advanced Technology in Research [Catrin], Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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15
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Ushakova NA, Tikhonova OV, Ambaryan AV, Bastrakov AI, Dontsov AE. A Protein Antioxidant Complex of a Water Extract of the Larvae of Black Beetles Ulomoides dermestoides. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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16
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Xu J, Ma C, Hua M, Li J, Xiang Z, Wu J. CNS and CNS diseases in relation to their immune system. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1063928. [PMID: 36466889 PMCID: PMC9708890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1063928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is the most important nervous system in vertebrates, which is responsible for transmitting information to the peripheral nervous system and controlling the body's activities. It mainly consists of the brain and spinal cord, which contains rich of neurons, the precision of the neural structures susceptible to damage from the outside world and from the internal factors of inflammation infection, leading to a series of central nervous system diseases, such as traumatic brain injury, nerve inflammation, etc., these diseases may cause irreversible damage on the central nervous or lead to subsequent chronic lesions. After disease or injury, the immune system of the central nervous system will play a role, releasing cytokines to recruit immune cells to enter, and the immune cells will differentiate according to the location and degree of the lesion, and become specific immune cells with different functions, recognize and phagocytose inflammatory factors, and repair the damaged neural structure. However, if the response of these immune cells is not suppressed, the overexpression of some genes can cause further damage to the central nervous system. There is a need to understand the molecular mechanisms by which these immune cells work, and this information may lead to immunotherapies that target certain diseases and avoid over-activation of immune cells. In this review, we summarized several immune cells that mainly play a role in the central nervous system and their roles, and also explained the response process of the immune system in the process of some common neurological diseases, which may provide new insights into the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Yangzhou University Jianhu Clinical College, Jianhu, China
| | - Canyu Ma
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menglu Hua
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Reinehr S, Safaei A, Grotegut P, Guntermann A, Tsai T, Hahn SA, Kösters S, Theiss C, Marcus K, Dick HB, May C, Joachim SC. Heat Shock Protein Upregulation Supplemental to Complex mRNA Alterations in Autoimmune Glaucoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101538. [PMID: 36291747 PMCID: PMC9599116 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is a common cause for blindness. An elevated intraocular pressure is the main risk factor, but also a contribution of the immune system seems likely. In the experimental autoimmune glaucoma model used here, systemic immunization with an optic nerve homogenate antigen (ONA) leads to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and optic nerve degeneration. We processed retinae for quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistology 28 days after immunization. Furthermore, we performed mRNA profiling in this model for the first time. We detected a significant RGC loss in the ONA retinae. This was accompanied by an upregulation of mRNA expression of genes belonging to the heat shock protein family. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of the genes of the immune system, such as C1qa, C1qb, Il18, and Nfkb1, were upregulated in ONA animals. After laser microdissection, inner retinal layers were used for mRNA microarrays. Nine of these probes were significantly upregulated in ONA animals (p < 0.05), including Hba-a1 and Cxcl10, while fifteen probes were significantly downregulated in ONA animals (p < 0.05), such as Gdf15 and Wwox. Taken together, these findings provide further insights into the pivotal role of the immune response in glaucomatous optic neuropathy and could help to identify novel diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Reinehr
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Armin Safaei
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pia Grotegut
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Guntermann
- Department Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, ProDi E2.227, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Teresa Tsai
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Steffen Kösters
- Department Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, ProDi E2.227, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Department Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, ProDi E2.227, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - H. Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Department Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, ProDi E2.227, Gesundheitscampus 4, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (S.C.J.); Tel.: +49-234-24651 (C.M.); Tel.: +49-234-2993156 (S.C.J.)
| | - Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (S.C.J.); Tel.: +49-234-24651 (C.M.); Tel.: +49-234-2993156 (S.C.J.)
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18
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Jamabo M, Bentley SJ, Macucule-Tinga P, Tembo P, Edkins AL, Boshoff A. In silico analysis of the HSP90 chaperone system from the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:947078. [PMID: 36213128 PMCID: PMC9538636 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.947078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) and spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The trypanosome relies on heat shock proteins for survival in the insect vector and mammalian host. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays a crucial role in the stress response at the cellular level. Inhibition of its interactions with chaperones and co-chaperones is being explored as a potential therapeutic target for numerous diseases. This study provides an in silico overview of HSP90 and its co-chaperones in both T. brucei brucei and T. brucei gambiense in relation to human and other trypanosomal species, including non-parasitic Bodo saltans and the insect infecting Crithidia fasciculata. A structural analysis of T. brucei HSP90 revealed differences in the orientation of the linker and C-terminal domain in comparison to human HSP90. Phylogenetic analysis displayed the T. brucei HSP90 proteins clustering into three distinct groups based on subcellular localizations, namely, cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Syntenic analysis of cytosolic HSP90 genes revealed that T. b. brucei encoded for 10 tandem copies, while T. b. gambiense encoded for three tandem copies; Leishmania major (L. major) had the highest gene copy number with 17 tandem copies. The updated information on HSP90 from recently published proteomics on T. brucei was examined for different life cycle stages and subcellular localizations. The results show a difference between T. b. brucei and T. b. gambiense with T. b. brucei encoding a total of twelve putative HSP90 genes, while T. b. gambiense encodes five HSP90 genes. Eighteen putative co-chaperones were identified with one notable absence being cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37). These results provide an updated framework on approaching HSP90 and its interactions as drug targets in the African trypanosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miebaka Jamabo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | | | | | - Praise Tembo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Aileen Boshoff,
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19
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Skelly PJ, Da'dara AA. Schistosome secretomes. Acta Trop 2022; 236:106676. [PMID: 36113567 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomes are intravascular parasitic platyhelminths (blood flukes) that infect over 200 million people globally. Biomolecules secreted by the worms likely contribute to their ability to survive in the bloodstreams of immunocompetent hosts for many years. Here we review what is known about the protein composition of material released by the worms. Prominent among cercarial excretions/secretions (ES) is a ∼ 30 kDa serine protease called cercarial elastase (SmCE in Schistosoma mansoni), likely important in host invasion. Also prominent is a 117 amino acid non-glycosylated polypeptide (Sm16) that can impact several host cell-types to impinge on immunological outcomes. Similarly, components of the egg secretome (notably the 134 amino acid homodimeric glycoprotein "IL-4 inducing principle of schistosome eggs", IPSE, and the 225-amino acid monomeric T2 ribonuclease - omega-1) are capable of driving Th2-biased immune responses. A ∼36kDa chemokine binding glycoprotein SmCKBP, secreted by eggs, can negate the impact of several cytokines and can impede neutrophil migration. Of special interest is a disparate collection of classically cytosolic proteins that are surprisingly often identified in schistosome ES across life stages. These proteins, perhaps released as components of extracellular vesicles (EVs), include glycolytic enzymes, redox proteins, proteases and protease inhibitors, heat shock proteins, proteins involved in translation/turnover, histones, and others. Some such proteins may display "moonlighting" functions and, for example, impede blood clot formation around the worms. More prosaically, since several are particularly abundant soluble proteins, their appearance in the ES fraction may be indicative of worm damage ex vivo leading to protein leakage. Some bioactive schistosome ES proteins are in development as novel therapeutics against autoimmune, inflammatory, and other, non-parasitic, diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Skelly
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Akram A Da'dara
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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Chotimanukul S, Suwimonteerabutr J, Techakumphu M, Swangchan-Uthai T. In Vitro Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Heat Exposures on the Immune Response and Prostaglandin Biosynthesis in Bovine Endometrial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182359. [PMID: 36139219 PMCID: PMC9495028 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide heat stress (HS) conditions have a negative impact on dairy cow fertility. However, understanding of the effect of heat stress on endometrial functions is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of differential heat exposure conditions on the immune response and prostaglandin biosynthesis of bovine endometrium challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cultures of endometrial cells were grown to confluence at 37 °C (control) and 40.4 °C for 24 h after confluence (short-term heat exposure) and 40.4 °C for 8 days from the beginning of the culture (long-term heat exposure), prior to a challenge by 100 ng/mL LPS for 12 h. LPS altered ALOX12, IL8, IL1B, S100A8, PTGES and AKR1B1 expressions, as well as secretory IL8 and PGF2α. Short-term heat exposure decreased S100A8, IL8 and PGF2α compared with the control temperature, while long-term heat exposure decreased S100A8 and PGF2α. In contrast, HSPA5 expression was not altered by heat exposure or LPS. Indeed, the short-term heat treatment was insufficient for accomplishing the responses of the endometrium to LPS treatment for IL8, S100A8 and PTGES expressions when compared with other temperature conditions. Our findings showed that heat exposure could compromise endometrium immune response and prostaglandin biosynthesis in different ways based on elevated temperature duration, which could reduce subsequent fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sroisuda Chotimanukul
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- CU-Animal Fertility Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Junpen Suwimonteerabutr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Techakumphu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- CU-Animal Fertility Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-(0)819794552
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Krutzke L, Rösler R, Allmendinger E, Engler T, Wiese S, Kochanek S. Process- and product-related impurities in the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine. eLife 2022; 11:78513. [PMID: 35781137 PMCID: PMC9313527 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and Ad26.COV2.S are approved vaccines inducing protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans by expressing the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed protein content and protein composition of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and Ad26.COV2.S by biochemical methods and by mass spectrometry. Four out of four tested lots of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 contained significantly higher than expected levels of host cell proteins (HCPs) and of free viral proteins. The most abundant contaminating HCPs belonged to the heat-shock protein and cytoskeletal protein families. The HCP content exceeded the 400 ng specification limit per vaccine dose, as set by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for this vaccine, by at least 25-fold and the manufacturer’s batch-release data in some of the lots by several hundred-fold. In contrast, three tested lots of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine contained only very low amounts of HCPs. As shown for Ad26.COV2.S production of clinical grade adenovirus vaccines of high purity is feasible at an industrial scale. Correspondingly, purification procedures of the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine should be modified to remove protein impurities as good as possible. Our data also indicate that standard quality assays, as they are used in the manufacturing of proteins, have to be adapted for vectored vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhild Rösler
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tatjana Engler
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Maehana T, Tanaka T, Hashimoto K, Kobayashi K, Kitamura H, Masumori N. Heat shock protein 90 is a new potential target of anti-rejection therapy in allotransplantation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:337-351. [PMID: 35397061 PMCID: PMC9346020 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical roles of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in immune reactions associated with viral infection and autoimmune disease are well known. To date, however, its roles in the alloimmune response and the immunosuppressive effect of HSP90 inhibitors in allotransplantation have remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic efficacy of the HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG in allotransplantation models. C57BL/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c (H-2d) mice were used as donors for and recipients of skin and heart transplantation, respectively. Treatment with 17-DMAG (daily i.p.) or a vehicle was initiated 3 days before transplantation. Immunological outcomes were assessed by histopathological examinations, flow cytometric analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, ELISPOT assay, and MLR. 17-DMAG treatment significantly prolonged the survival of both skin and heart allografts. In 17-DMAG-treated mice, donor-reactive splenocytes producing IFN-γ were significantly reduced along with the intragraft mRNA expression level and serum concentration of IFN-γ. Intragraft mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines associated with both innate and adaptive immunity was suppressed in 17-DMAG-treated group. MLR showed suppression of the donor-specific proliferation of CD4 + T and CD19 + B cells in the spleens of 17-DMAG-treated mice. 17-DMAG treatment also reduced the number of activated NK cells. Furthermore, the treatment lowered the titers of donor-specific antibodies in the serum and prolonged a second skin allograft in mice sensitized by previous skin transplantation. HSP90 inhibition by 17-DMAG can affect various immune responses, including innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and humoral immunity, suggesting its therapeutic potential against acute rejection in allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Maehana
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Ko Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-1094, Japan
| | - Naoya Masumori
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
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Immunotherapy: an alternative promising therapeutic approach against cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9903-9913. [PMID: 35759082 PMCID: PMC9244230 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The immune system interacts with cancer cells in multiple intricate ways that can shield the host against hyper-proliferation but can also contribute to malignancy. Understanding the protective roles of the immune system in its interaction with cancer cells can help device new and alternate therapeutic strategies. Many immunotherapeutic methodologies, including adaptive cancer therapy, cancer peptide vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and immune checkpoint treatment, have transformed the traditional cancer treatment landscape. However, many questions remain unaddressed. The development of personalized combination therapy and neoantigen-based cancer vaccines would be the avant-garde approach to cancer treatment. Desirable chemotherapy should be durable, safe, and target-specific. Managing both tumor (intrinsic factors) and its microenvironment (extrinsic factors) are critical for successful immunotherapy. This review describes current approaches and their advancement related to monoclonal antibody-related clinical trials, new cytokine therapy, a checkpoint inhibitor, adoptive T cell therapy, cancer vaccine, and oncolytic virus.
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Forcing the Antitumor Effects of HSPs Using a Modulated Electric Field. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111838. [PMID: 35681533 PMCID: PMC9180583 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) is a “double-edged sword” with regards to tumors. The location and interactions of HSPs determine their pro- or antitumor activity. The present review includes an overview of the relevant functions of HSPs, which could improve their antitumor activity. Promoting the antitumor processes could assist in the local and systemic management of cancer. We explore the possibility of achieving this by manipulating the electromagnetic interactions within the tumor microenvironment. An appropriate electric field may select and affect the cancer cells using the electric heterogeneity of the tumor tissue. This review describes the method proposed to effect such changes: amplitude-modulated radiofrequency (amRF) applied with a 13.56 MHz carrier frequency. We summarize the preclinical investigations of the amRF on the HSPs in malignant cells. The preclinical studies show the promotion of the expression of HSP70 on the plasma membrane, participating in the immunogenic cell death (ICD) pathway. The sequence of guided molecular changes triggers innate and adaptive immune reactions. The amRF promotes the secretion of HSP70 also in the extracellular matrix. The extracellular HSP70 accompanied by free HMGB1 and membrane-expressed calreticulin (CRT) form damage-associated molecular patterns encouraging the dendritic cells’ maturing for antigen presentation. The process promotes killer T-cells. Clinical results demonstrate the potential of this immune process to trigger a systemic effect. We conclude that the properly applied amRF promotes antitumor HSP activity, and in situ, it could support the tumor-specific immune effects produced locally but acting systemically for disseminated cells and metastatic lesions.
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25
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Emerging photodynamic nanotherapeutics for inducing immunogenic cell death and potentiating cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rajabi F, Abdollahimajd F, Jabalameli N, Nassiri Kashani M, Firooz A. The Immunogenetics of Alopecia areata. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:19-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Proteomic Analysis of Retinal Tissue in an S100B Autoimmune Glaucoma Model. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010016. [PMID: 35053014 PMCID: PMC8773367 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to damage of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve. Patients display altered antibody profiles and increased antibody titer, e.g., against S100B. To identify the meaning of these antibodies, animals were immunized with S100B. Retinal ganglion cell loss, optic nerve degeneration, and increased glial cell activity were noted. Here, we aimed to gain more insights into the pathophysiology from a proteomic point of view. Hence, rats were immunized with S100B, while controls received sodium chloride. After 7 and 14 days, retinae were analyzed through mass spectrometry and immunohistology. Using data-independent acquisition-based mass spectrometry, we identified more than 1700 proteins on a high confidence level for both study groups, respectively. Of these 1700, 43 proteins were significantly altered in retinae after 7 days and 67 proteins revealed significant alterations at 14 days. For example, α2-macroglobulin was found significantly increased not only by mass spectrometry analysis, but also with immunohistological staining in S100B retinae at 7 and 14 days. All in all, the identified proteins are often associated with the immune system, such as heat shock protein 60. Once more, these data underline the important role of immunological factors in glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Li Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Immunogenic cell death inducers for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12087-12097. [PMID: 34714302 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04604g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inducing the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells is an important method to improve the immunogenicity of tumor cells for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, we discuss the ICD process and then highlight various ICD inducers and strategies for triggering the ICD of cancer cells. We hope that this Feature Article will inspire readers to develop more effective ICD inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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Alqazlan N, Emam M, Nagy É, Bridle B, Sargolzaei M, Sharif S. Transcriptomics of chicken cecal tonsils and intestine after infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20462. [PMID: 34650121 PMCID: PMC8517014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause severe respiratory infections in humans and birds, triggering global health concerns and economic burden. Influenza infection is a dynamic process involving complex biological host responses. The objective of this study was to illustrate global biological processes in ileum and cecal tonsils at early time points after chickens were infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2 through transcriptome analysis. Total RNA isolated from ileum and cecal tonsils of non-infected and infected layers at 12-, 24- and 72-h post-infection (hpi) was used for mRNA sequencing analyses to characterize differentially expressed genes and overrepresented pathways. Statistical analysis highlighted transcriptomic signatures significantly occurring 24 and 72 hpi, but not earlier at 12 hpi. Interferon (IFN)-inducible and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression was increased, followed by continued expression of various heat-shock proteins (HSP), including HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 and HSP110. Some upregulated genes involved in innate antiviral responses included DDX60, MX1, RSAD2 and CMPK2. The ISG15 antiviral mechanism pathway was highly enriched in ileum and cecal tonsils at 24 hpi. Overall, most affected pathways were related to interferon production and the heat-shock response. Research on these candidate genes and pathways is warranted to decipher underlying mechanisms of immunity against LPAIV in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiyah Alqazlan
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Mehdi Emam
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E7 Canada
| | - Éva Nagy
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Byram Bridle
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada ,Select Sires, Inc., Plain City, OH 43064 USA
| | - Shayan Sharif
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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The Role of Polyphenols in Regulation of Heat Shock Proteins and Gut Microbiota in Weaning Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6676444. [PMID: 34531940 PMCID: PMC8440081 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6676444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is the natural residents of the intestinal ecosystem which display multiple functions that provide beneficial effects on host physiology. Disturbances in gut microbiota in weaning stress are regulated by the immune system and oxidative stress-related protein pathways. Weaning stress also alters gut microbiota response, limits digestibility, and influences animal productive performance through the production of inflammatory molecules. Heat shock proteins are the molecular chaperones that perform array functions from physiological to pathological point of view and remodeling cellular stress response. As it is involved in the defense mechanism, polyphenols ensure cellular tolerance against enormous stimuli. Polyphenols are nature-blessed compounds that show their existence in plenty of amounts. Due to their wider availability and popularity, they can exert strong immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Their promising health-promoting effects have been demonstrated in different cellular and animal studies. Dietary interventions with polyphenols may alter the gut microbiome response and attenuate the weaning stress related to inflammation. Further, polyphenols elicit health-favored effects through ameliorating inflammatory processes to improve digestibility and thereby exert a protective effect on animal production. Here, in this article, we will expand the role of dietary polyphenol intervention strategies in weaning stress which perturbs gut microbiota function and also paid emphasis to heat shock proteins in gut health. This review article gives new direction to the feed industry to formulate diet containing polyphenols which would have a significant impact on animal health.
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31
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Santos EC, Gomes RB, Fernandes PV, Ferreira MA, Abdelhay ESFW. The protein-protein interaction network of intestinal gastric cancer patients reveals hub proteins with potential prognostic value. Cancer Biomark 2021; 33:83-96. [PMID: 34366321 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer worldwide. According to the Lauren classification, gastric adenocarcinoma is divided into two subtypes: diffuse and intestinal. The development of intestinal gastric cancer (IGC) can take years and involves multiple factors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protein profile of tumor samples from patients with IGC in comparison with adjacent nontumor tissue samples. METHODS We used label-free nano-LC-MS/MS to identify proteins from the tissues samples. The results were analyzed using MetaCore™ software to access functional enrichment information. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) were predicted using STRING analysis. Hub proteins were determined using the Cytoscape plugin, CytoHubba. Survival analysis was performed using KM plotter. We identified 429 differentially expressed proteins whose pathways and processes were related to protein folding, apoptosis, and immune response. RESULTS The PPI network of these proteins showed enrichment modules related to the regulation of cell death, immune system, neutrophil degranulation, metabolism of RNA and chromatin DNA binding. From the PPI network, we identified 20 differentially expressed hub proteins, and assessed the prognostic value of the expression of genes that encode them. Among them, the expression of four hub genes was significantly associated with the overall survival of IGC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals important findings that affect IGC development based on specific biological alterations in IGC patients. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the pathogenesis of IGC patients is complex and involves different interconnected biological processes. These findings may be useful in research on new targets to develop novel therapies to improve the overall survival of patients with IGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Cruz Santos
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Binato Gomes
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliana Saul Furquim Werneck Abdelhay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Murata H, Kunii H, Kusama K, Sakurai T, Bai H, Kawahara M, Takahashi M. Heat stress induces oxidative stress and activates the KEAP1-NFE2L2-ARE pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1114-1125. [PMID: 34296252 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress adversely affects the reproductive function in cows. Although a relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress has been suggested, it has not been sufficiently verified in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Here, we investigated whether oxidative stress is induced by heat stress in bovine endometrial epithelial cells under high temperature. Luciferase reporter assays showed that the reporter activity of heat shock element (HSE) and antioxidant responsive element (ARE) was increased in endometrial epithelial cells cultured under high temperature compared to that in cells cultured under basal (thermoneutral) temperature. Also, nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2), a master regulator of cellular environmental stress response, stabilized and the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes increased under high temperature. Immunostaining confirmed the nuclear localization of NFE2L2 in endometrial epithelial cells cultured under high temperature. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression levels of representative inflammatory cytokine genes, such as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and interleukin 8, were significantly decreased in endometrial epithelial cells cultured under high temperature compared to those in cells cultured under basal temperature. Thus, our results suggest that heat stress induces oxidative stress, whereas NFE2L2 plays a protective role in bovine endometrial epithelial cells cultured under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Murata
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kunii
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama-shi, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Hanako Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.,Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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Early Functional Impairment in Experimental Glaucoma Is Accompanied by Disruption of the GABAergic System and Inceptive Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147581. [PMID: 34299211 PMCID: PMC8306430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor. We aimed to determine if early functional and molecular differences in the glaucomatous retina manifest before significant retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss is apparent. Adenoviral vectors expressing a pathogenic form of myocilin (Ad5.MYOC) were used to induce IOP elevation in C57BL/6 mice. IOP and pattern electroretinograms (pERG) were recorded, and retinas were prepared for RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, or to determine RGC loss. Ocular injection of Ad5.MYOC leads to reliable IOP elevation, resulting in significant loss of RGC after nine weeks. A significant decrease in the pERG amplitude was evident in eyes three weeks after IOP elevation. Retinal gene expression analysis revealed increased expression for 291 genes related to complement cascade, inflammation, and antigen presentation in hypertensive eyes. Decreased expression was found for 378 genes associated with the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic systems and axon guidance. These data suggest that early functional changes in RGC might be due to reduced GABAA receptor signaling and neuroinflammation that precedes RGC loss in this glaucoma model. These initial changes may offer new targets for early detection of glaucoma and the development of new interventions.
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Thind AS, Vitali V, Guarracino MR, Catania F. What's Genetic Variation Got to Do with It? Starvation-Induced Self-Fertilization Enhances Survival in Paramecium. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:626-638. [PMID: 32163147 PMCID: PMC7239694 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pervasiveness of sex despite its well-known costs is a long-standing puzzle in evolutionary biology. Current explanations for the success of sex in nature largely rely on the adaptive significance of the new or rare genotypes that sex may generate. Less explored is the possibility that sex-underlying molecular mechanisms can enhance fitness and convey benefits to the individuals that bear the immediate costs of sex. Here, we show that the molecular environment associated with self-fertilization can increase stress resistance in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia. This advantage is independent of new genetic variation, coupled with a reduced nutritional input, and offers fresh insights into the mechanistic origin of sex. In addition to providing evidence that the molecular underpinnings of sexual reproduction and the stress response are linked in P. tetraurelia, these findings supply an integrative explanation for the persistence of self-fertilization in this ciliate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarinder Singh Thind
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Vitali
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Rosario Guarracino
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Catania
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of Münster, Germany
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Lamberti MJ, Nigro A, Casolaro V, Rumie Vittar NB, Dal Col J. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Modulation by microRNA: Relevance on Immunogenic Cell Death and Cancer Treatment Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112566. [PMID: 34073766 PMCID: PMC8197279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inside the cell, damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) play several physiological functions, but when they are released or translocated to the extracellular space, they gain additional immunogenic roles. Thus, DAMPs are considered key hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer, a functionally unique regulated form of stress-mediated cell death that activates the immune system response against tumor cells. Several epigenetic modulators of DAMPs have been reported. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) on the expression of DAMPs and the putative link between miRNA, DAMPs, and cell death, focused on ICD. Overall, we propose that miRNAs, by targeting DAMPs, play critical roles in the regulation of both cell death and immune-associated mechanisms in cancer, while evidence of their potential involvement in ICD is limited. Finally, we discuss emerging data regarding the impact of miRNAs’ modulation on cancer treatment outcome. Abstract Immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer is a functionally unique regulated form of stress-mediated cell death that activates both the innate and adaptive immune response against tumor cells. ICD makes dying cancer cells immunogenic by improving both antigenicity and adjuvanticity. The latter relies on the spatiotemporally coordinated release or exposure of danger signals (DAMPs) that drive robust antigen-presenting cell activation. The expression of DAMPs is often constitutive in tumor cells, but it is the initiating stressor, called ICD-inducer, which finally triggers the intracellular response that determines the kinetics and intensity of their release. However, the contribution of cell-autonomous features, such as the epigenetic background, to the development of ICD has not been addressed in sufficient depth. In this context, it has been revealed that several microRNAs (miRNAs), besides acting as tumor promoters or suppressors, can control the ICD-associated exposure of some DAMPs and their basal expression in cancer. Here, we provide a general overview of the dysregulation of cancer-associated miRNAs whose targets are DAMPs, through which new molecular mediators that underlie the immunogenicity of ICD were identified. The current status of miRNA-targeted therapeutics combined with ICD inducers is discussed. A solid comprehension of these processes will provide a framework to evaluate miRNA targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Lamberti
- INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto, Córdoba 5800, Argentina;
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
| | | | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.); (J.D.C.)
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36
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Differential expression of angiogenesis markers HSP70, HSP90, VEGF and pERK1/2 in both components of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. J Bone Oncol 2021; 29:100370. [PMID: 34094840 PMCID: PMC8167291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas (DDCS) are highly malignant bimorphic mesenchymal tumors with poor outcome and limited treatment options. Genes and proteins involved in angiogenesis play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis. Immunohistochemical stains targeting HSP70, pERK1/2 and VEGFA were applied to a TMA containing 29 DDCS cases representing both tumor components. Higher expression of HSP70 and pERK1/2 was noted in the dedifferentiated component. RNA sequencing performed in 8 paired cases of DDCS comparing well differentiated and dedifferentiated components, showed higher expression of several HSP70 family members and HSP90 in the dedifferentiated component. Furthermore, high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMAG2) and SET nuclear proto-oncogene demonstrated higher expression in the dedifferentiated component. Thus, the well differentiated and dedifferentiated components of DDCS are different, histologically and transcriptomically. The dedifferentiated component of DDCS shows higher expression of markers that are associated with malignant behavior. Some of these may represent future treatment targets.
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37
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Postolache TT, Wadhawan A, Can A, Lowry CA, Woodbury M, Makkar H, Hoisington AJ, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Benros ME, Stiller JW. Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:1-28. [PMID: 32176646 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence that inflammation contributes to clinical and functional outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many successful target-engaging, lesion-reducing, symptom-alleviating, and function-improving interventions in animal models of TBI have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. Timing and immunological context are paramount for the direction, quality, and intensity of immune responses to TBI and the resulting neuroanatomical, clinical, and functional course. We present components of the immune system implicated in TBI, potential immune targets, and target-engaging interventions. The main objective of our article is to point toward modifiable molecular and cellular mechanisms that may modify the outcomes in TBI, and contribute to increasing the translational value of interventions that have been identified in animal models of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adem Can
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Margaret Woodbury
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John W Stiller
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Maryland State Athletic Commission, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Neurology Consultation Services, Washington, DC, USA
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38
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Gao P, Tang S, Chen H, Zhou X, Ou Y, Shen R, He Y. Preconditioning increases brain resistance against acute brain injury via neuroinflammation modulation. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113712. [PMID: 33819449 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute brain injury (ABI) is a broad concept mainly comprised of sudden parenchymal brain injury. Acute brain injury outcomes are dependent not only on the severity of the primary injury, but the delayed secondary injury that subsequently follows as well. These are both taken into consideration when determining the patient's prognosis. Growing clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that "preconditioning," a prophylactic approach in which the brain is exposed to various pre-injury stressors, can induce varying degrees of "tolerance" against the impact of the ABI by modulating neuroinflammation. In this review, we will summarize the pathophysiology of ABI, and discuss the involved mechanisms of neuroinflammation in ABI, as well as existing experimental and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of preconditioning methods in various types of ABI by modulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Hanmin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Xiangyue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Yibo Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Ronghua Shen
- Department of Psychological Rehabilitation, Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, PR China.
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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39
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Westphalen H, Abdelrasoul A, Shoker A, Zhu N. Assessment of hemodialysis clinical practices using polyaryl ether sulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAES: PVP) clinical membrane: Modeling of in vitro fibrinogen adsorption, in situ synchrotron-based imaging, and clinical inflammatory biomarkers investigations. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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40
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Minhas P, Kumar BVS, Verma R. Expression of recombinant DnaK of Brucella abortus and its evaluation as immuno-modulator. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2719-2725. [PMID: 33606039 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that are immunogens as well as potent inducers of an antigen-specific immunological response. In this study, we aimed to evaluate if co-immunization of Brucella rOmp22 and rDnaK proteins had boosted immunogenic activity as compared to rOmp22 immunization alone in mice. For this, gene-encoding DnaK of B. abortus was cloned, expressed in E. coli and purified using Ni-NTA agarose. Immuno-modulatory effect of rDnaK protein was evaluated in mice when co-immunized with Brucella rOmp22. Four groups of mice (n = 6 per group) were used in the study. The control group was immunized with rOmp22 alone, while rOmp22 emulsified with conventional adjuvants (Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants) and rOmp22 mixed with rDnaK were injected to group I and group II in mice, respectively. Group III mice were immunized with rDnaK alone. IgG class switching (IgG1 and IgG2a) response to immunization was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and expression of IL-4 and IL-12 mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR to evaluate the immune response in mice. The ratio of IgG1-IgG2a was less than 1 in mice co-immunized with rOmp22 and rDnaK, indicating that the immune response was directed towards CMI arm in this group of mice. Moreover, IL-12 mRNA expression was also up-regulated to a greater extent in mice co-immunized with rOmp22 and rDnaK as compared to those immunized with rOmp22 along with the conventional adjuvants, or rOmp22 alone. Our data suggest that rDnaK could be responsible for modulating the immune response, specifically the CMI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Minhas
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Ramneek Verma
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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41
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Moin ASM, Nandakumar M, Diane A, Dehbi M, Butler AE. The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612584. [PMID: 33584694 PMCID: PMC7873876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease characterized by recognition of pancreatic β-cell proteins as self-antigens, called autoantigens (AAgs), followed by loss of pancreatic β-cells. (Pre-)proinsulin ([P]PI), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase IA-2, and the zinc transporter ZnT8 are key molecules in T1D pathogenesis and are recognized by autoantibodies detected in routine clinical laboratory assays. However, generation of new autoantigens (neoantigens) from β-cells has also been reported, against which the autoreactive T cells show activity. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were originally described as “cellular stress responders” for their role as chaperones that regulate the conformation and function of a large number of cellular proteins to protect the body from stress. HSPs participate in key cellular functions under both physiological and stressful conditions, including suppression of protein aggregation, assisting folding and stability of nascent and damaged proteins, translocation of proteins into cellular compartments and targeting irreversibly damaged proteins for degradation. Low HSP expression impacts many pathological conditions associated with diabetes and could play a role in diabetic complications. HSPs have beneficial effects in preventing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). HSPs are, however, additionally involved in antigen presentation, presenting immunogenic peptides to class I and class II major histocompatibility molecules; thus, an opportunity exists for HSPs to be employed as modulators of immunologic responses in T1D and other autoimmune disorders. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted roles of HSPs in the pathogenesis of T1D and in autoantigen-specific immune protection against T1D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Manjula Nandakumar
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdoulaye Diane
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Dehbi
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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42
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Cohn W, Melnik M, Huang C, Teter B, Chandra S, Zhu C, McIntire LB, John V, Gylys KH, Bilousova T. Multi-Omics Analysis of Microglial Extracellular Vesicles From Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain Tissue Reveals Disease-Associated Signatures. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:766082. [PMID: 34925024 PMCID: PMC8675946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.766082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, yet there is no cure or diagnostics available prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles that are released from almost all types of cell. Genome-wide association studies have linked multiple AD genetic risk factors to microglia-specific pathways. It is plausible that microglia-derived EVs may play a role in the progression of AD by contributing to the dissemination of insoluble pathogenic proteins, such as tau and Aβ. Despite the potential utility of EVs as a diagnostic tool, our knowledge of human brain EV subpopulations is limited. Here we present a method for isolating microglial CD11b-positive small EVs from cryopreserved human brain tissue, as well as an integrated multiomics analysis of microglial EVs enriched from the parietal cortex of four late-stage AD (Braak V-VI) and three age-matched normal/low pathology (NL) cases. This integrated analysis revealed 1,000 proteins, 594 lipids, and 105 miRNAs using shotgun proteomics, targeted lipidomics, and NanoString nCounter technology, respectively. The results showed a significant reduction in the abundance of homeostatic microglia markers P2RY12 and TMEM119, and increased levels of disease-associated microglia markers FTH1 and TREM2, in CD11b-positive EVs from AD brain compared to NL cases. Tau abundance was significantly higher in AD brain-derived microglial EVs. These changes were accompanied by the upregulation of synaptic and neuron-specific proteins in the AD group. Levels of free cholesterol were elevated in microglial EVs from the AD brain. Lipidomic analysis also revealed a proinflammatory lipid profile, endolysosomal dysfunction, and a significant AD-associated decrease in levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing polyunsaturated lipids, suggesting a potential defect in acyl-chain remodeling. Additionally, four miRNAs associated with immune and cellular senescence signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in the AD group. Our data suggest that loss of the homeostatic microglia signature in late AD stages may be accompanied by endolysosomal impairment and the release of undigested neuronal and myelin debris, including tau, through extracellular vesicles. We suggest that the analysis of microglia-derived EVs has merit for identifying novel EV-associated biomarkers and providing a framework for future larger-scale multiomics studies on patient-derived cell-type-specific EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitaker Cohn
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mikhail Melnik
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Calvin Huang
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Teter
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sujyoti Chandra
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chunni Zhu
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura Beth McIntire
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Varghese John
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Karen H Gylys
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tina Bilousova
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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43
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Silva CL, Malardo T, Tahyra ASC. Immunotherapeutic Activities of a DNA Plasmid Carrying the Mycobacterial hsp65 Gene (DNAhsp65). FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:603690. [PMID: 35047886 PMCID: PMC8757890 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.603690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines have become relevant subject matter, and efforts for their development have been increasing due to their potential as technology platforms applicable for prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for infectious diseases and for cancer treatment, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. This review aimed to summarize current knowledge about the plasmid DNA vaccine carrying the mycobacterial hsp65 gene (DNAhsp65), which demonstrates immunomodulatory and immunoregulatory properties of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The possible mechanisms associated with the modulation and regulatory role of DNAhsp65 in the control of various conditions is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celio Lopes Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Farmacore Biotecnologia Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Celio Lopes Silva
| | | | - Aline Seiko Carvalho Tahyra
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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44
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Freire MS, Oliveira NG, Lima SMF, Porto WF, Martins DCM, Silva ON, Chaves SB, Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, Castro MS, Fontes W, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. IL-4 absence triggers distinct pathways in apical periodontitis development. J Proteomics 2020; 233:104080. [PMID: 33338687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp is a specialized tissue able to respond to infectious processes. Nevertheless, infection progress and root canal colonization trigger an immune-inflammatory response in tooth-surrounding tissues, leading to apical periodontitis and bone tissue destruction, further contributing to tooth loss. In order to shed some light on the effects of IL-4 on periradicular pathology development modulation, microtomographic, histological and proteomic analyses were performed using 60 mice, 30 wild type and 30 IL-4-/-. For that, 5 animals were used for microtomographic and histological analysis, and another 5 for proteomic analysis for 0, 7 and 21 days with/without pulp exposure. The periapical lesions were established in WT and IL-4-/- mice without statistical differences in their volume, and the value of p < 0.05 was adopted as significant in microtomographic and histological analyses. Regarding histological analysis, IL-4-/- mice show aggravation of pulp inflammation compared to WT. By using proteomic analysis, we have identified 32 proteins with increased abundance and 218 proteins with decreased abundance in WT animals after 21 days of pulp exposure, compared to IL-4-/- animals. However, IL-4-/- mice demonstrated faster development of apical periodontitis. These animals developed a compensatory mechanism to overcome IL-4 absence, putatively based on the identification of upregulated proteins related to immune system signaling pathways. Significance: IL-4 might play a protective role in diseases involving bone destruction and its activity may contribute to host protection, mainly due to its antiosteoclastogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna S Freire
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Centro Universitário do Planalto Central Apparecido dos Santos, UNICEPLAC, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson G Oliveira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stella M F Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Porto Reports, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo C M Martins
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmar N Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduacao em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Centro Universitário de Anápolis - UniEVANGELICA, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Sacha B Chaves
- Departamento de nanotecnologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos A O Ricart
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Taia M B Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Silvis MJM, Kaffka genaamd Dengler SE, Odille CA, Mishra M, van der Kaaij NP, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, de Kleijn DPV, de Jager SCA, Bosch L, van Hout GPJ. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Transplantation: The Road to Translational Success. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599511. [PMID: 33363540 PMCID: PMC7752942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the setting of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs due to occlusion (ischemia) and subsequent re-establishment of blood flow (reperfusion) of a coronary artery. A similar phenomenon is observed in heart transplantation (HTx) when, after cold storage, the donor heart is connected to the recipient's circulation. Although reperfusion is essential for the survival of cardiomyocytes, it paradoxically leads to additional myocardial damage in experimental MI and HTx models. Damage (or danger)-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released after cellular damage or stress such as myocardial IRI. DAMPs activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and set in motion a complex signaling cascade resulting in the release of cytokines and a profound inflammatory reaction. This inflammatory response is thought to function as a double-edged sword. Although it enables removal of cell debris and promotes wound healing, DAMP mediated signalling can also exacerbate the inflammatory state in a disproportional matter, thereby leading to additional tissue damage. Upon MI, this leads to expansion of the infarcted area and deterioration of cardiac function in preclinical models. Eventually this culminates in adverse myocardial remodeling; a process that leads to increased myocardial fibrosis, gradual further loss of cardiomyocytes, left ventricular dilation and heart failure. Upon HTx, DAMPs aggravate ischemic damage, which results in more pronounced reperfusion injury that impacts cardiac function and increases the occurrence of primary graft dysfunction and graft rejection via cytokine release, cardiac edema, enhanced myocardial/endothelial damage and allograft fibrosis. Therapies targeting DAMPs or PRRs have predominantly been investigated in experimental models and are potentially cardioprotective. To date, however, none of these interventions have reached the clinical arena. In this review we summarize the current evidence of involvement of DAMPs and PRRs in the inflammatory response after MI and HTx. Furthermore, we will discuss various current therapeutic approaches targeting this complex interplay and provide possible reasons why clinical translation still fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. M. Silvis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Clémence A. Odille
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niels P. van der Kaaij
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia C. A. de Jager
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lena Bosch
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerardus P. J. van Hout
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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46
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Saadati S, Westphalen H, Eduok U, Abdelrasoul A, Shoker A, Choi P, Doan H, Ein-Mozaffari F, Zhu N. Biocompatibility enhancement of hemodialysis membranes using a novel zwitterionic copolymer: Experimental, in situ synchrotron imaging, molecular docking, and clinical inflammatory biomarkers investigations. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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de Lacerda LB, Rios WM, Masson AP, Brandão IT, Milani TM, Borges MC, Ramalho LNZ, Barbosa MCR, Miyoshi A, Silva CL. Oral administration of Hsp65-producing Lactococcus lactis attenuates allergic asthma in a murine model. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:2075-2086. [PMID: 33124086 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by a Th2-type immune response pattern. The development of nonspecific immunotherapy is one of the primary goals for the control of this disease. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Lactococcus lactis-producing mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (LLHsp65) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma model. OVA-challenged BALB/c mice were orally administrated with LLHsp65 for 10 consecutive days. The results demonstrate that LLhsp65 attenuates critical features of allergic inflammation, like airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus production. Likewise, the treatment decreases the pulmonary eosinophilia and the serum level of OVA-specific IgE. In addition to deviating immune responses towards Th1-cytokine profile, increase regulatory T cells, and cytokine levels, such as IL-6 and IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that the mucosal immunotherapy of LLHsp65 significantly reduces the overall burden of airway allergic inflammation, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma treatment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This research reveals new perspectives on nonspecific immunotherapy based on the delivery of recombinant proteins by lactic acid bacteria to treat of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B de Lacerda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W M Rios
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A P Masson
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I T Brandão
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Milani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Borges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L N Z Ramalho
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C R Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Miyoshi
- Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C L Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xu P, Liang F. Nanomaterial-Based Tumor Photothermal Immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9159-9180. [PMID: 33244232 PMCID: PMC7684030 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s249252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, photothermal therapy (PTT) particularly nanomaterial-based PTT is a promising therapeutic modality and technique for cancer tumor ablation. In addition to killing tumor cells directly through heat, PTT also can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to activate the whole-body anti-tumor immune response, including the redistribution and activation of immune effector cells, the expression and secretion of cytokines and the transformation of memory T lymphocytes. When used in combination with immunotherapy, the efficacy of nanomaterial-based PTT can be improved. This article summarized the mechanism of nanomaterial-based PTT against cancer and how nanomaterial-based PTT impacts the tumor microenvironment and induces an immune response. Moreover, we reviewed recent advances of nanomaterial-based photothermal immunotherapy and discussed challenges and future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Hubei Key Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Hubei Key Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, People’s Republic of China
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Search for New Allergens in Lolium perenne Pollen Growing under Different Air Pollution Conditions by Comparative Transcriptome Study. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111507. [PMID: 33172209 PMCID: PMC7694982 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between air pollution and the allergenic capacity of pollen is widely accepted, with allergenicity being directly related to air pollution. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the differential expression of Lolium perenne pollen genes by RNAseq, in two wild populations with different levels of air pollution. The objective is to search for proteins that are expressed differentially in both situations and to establish a relationship with increased allergenic capacity. Two populations of L. perenne (Madrid and Ciudad Real) have been studied in two consecutive years, under the rationale that overexpressed genes in Madrid, with higher levels of NO2 and SO2, could be a cause for their greater allergenic capacity. Heat shock proteins (HSP), glycoside hydrolases, proteins with leucin-rich repeat motifs, and proteins with EF-HAND motifs were consistently overexpressed in Madrid pollen in the two years studied. Interestingly, some genes were overexpressed only in one of the years studied, such as pectinesterases in the first year, and lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) and thaumatin in the second. Despite the fact that the potential of all these proteins in relation to possible allergies has been reported, this is the first time they are cited as possible allergens of L. perenne. The results found can contribute decisively to the knowledge of the allergens of L. perenne and their relationship with atmospheric pollution, and to the development of much more effective vaccines.
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50
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Washah HN, Salifu EY, Soremekun O, Elrashedy AA, Munsamy G, Olotu FA, Soliman ME. Integrating Bioinformatics Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy: Current and Future Perspectives. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 23:687-698. [DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200427113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For the past few decades, the mechanisms of immune responses to cancer have been
exploited extensively and significant attention has been given into utilizing the therapeutic
potential of the immune system. Cancer immunotherapy has been established as a promising
innovative treatment for many forms of cancer. Immunotherapy has gained its prominence through
various strategies, including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive T cell cancer
therapy, and immune checkpoint therapy. However, the full potential of cancer immunotherapy is yet
to be attained. Recent studies have identified the use of bioinformatics tools as a viable option to help
transform the treatment paradigm of several tumors by providing a therapeutically efficient method of
cataloging, predicting and selecting immunotherapeutic targets, which are known bottlenecks in the
application of immunotherapy. Herein, we gave an insightful overview of the types of
immunotherapy techniques used currently, their mechanisms of action, and discussed some
bioinformatics tools and databases applied in the immunotherapy of cancer. This review also provides
some future perspectives in the use of bioinformatics tools for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda N. Washah
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Elliasu Y. Salifu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A. Elrashedy
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Geraldene Munsamy
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fisayo A. Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E.S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
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