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Yamamoto T, Kurata M, Kaneko N, Masumoto J. Intestinal edema induced by LPS-induced endotoxemia is associated with an inflammasome adaptor ASC. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281746. [PMID: 36800329 PMCID: PMC9937502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC)/caspase-1/interleukin(IL)-1β axis, also known as the inflammasome pathway, is indispensable for IL-1β activation in response to various pathogens or own damages. Previously, we developed an NLRP3-inflammasome using a cell-free system and identified ASC targeting drugs; thus, examination of ASC-related histopathology in various diseases could help to provide indications for these drugs. Here, we generated mice deficient only in ASC-protein (ASC-deficient (AD) mice) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, studied which tissues were most affected, and obtained histopathological images of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and (AD) mice were injected intraperitoneally with a lethal dose (50 μg/g) of LPS. Statistical analysis of the survival of C57BL/6 mice and AD mice was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. The histopathological findings of multiple tissues from these mice were compared. Acute inflammation (e.g., catarrhal inflammation), along with congestion was observed in the colon of WT mice but not in that of AD mice. Adhesion of neutrophils to capillaries, along with interstitial infiltration, were observed in multiple tissues from WT mice. In AD mice, neutrophil infiltration was less severe but remained evident in the stomach, small intestine, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain. Notably, there was no difference between WT and AD mice with respect to alveolar neutrophil infiltration and interstitial edema. These findings suggest that even though ASC contributes to systemic inflammation, it is dependent on the tissue involved. Intestinal congestion and edema might be good candidates for anti-ASC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Proteo-Science Center and Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Pathology, Proteo-Science Center and Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Naoe Kaneko
- Department of Pathology, Proteo-Science Center and Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology, Proteo-Science Center and Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
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2
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Abstract
Within the family of purinergic receptors, the P2X1 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel that plays a role in urogenital, immune and cardiovascular function. Specifically, the P2X1 receptor has been implicated in controlling smooth muscle contractions of the vas deferens and therefore has emerged as an exciting drug target for male contraception. In addition, the P2X1 receptor contributes to smooth muscle contractions of the bladder and is a target to treat bladder dysfunction. Finally, platelets and neutrophils have populations of P2X1 receptors that could be targeted for thrombosis and inflammatory conditions. Drugs that specifically target the P2X1 receptor have been challenging to develop, and only recently have small molecule antagonists of the P2X1 receptor been available. However, these ligands need further biological validation for appropriate selectivity and drug-like properties before they will be suitable for use in preclinical models of disease. Although the atomic structure of the P2X1 receptor has yet to be determined, the recent discovery of several other P2X receptor structures and improvements in the field of structural biology suggests that this is now a distinct possibility. Such efforts may significantly improve drug discovery efforts at the P2X1 receptor.
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3
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Acute Endotoxemia-Induced Respiratory and Intestinal Dysbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911602. [PMID: 36232913 PMCID: PMC9569575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a severe condition characterized by systemic inflammation, which may lead to multiple organ failure, shock and death. SIRS is common in burn patients, pancreatitis and sepsis. SIRS is often accompanied by intestinal dysbiosis. However, the mechanism, role and details of microbiome alterations during the early phase of acute SIRS are not completely understood. The current study aimed to characterize the dynamic alterations of both the intestinal and respiratory microbiome at two timepoints during the early phase of acute SIRS (4 and 8 h after LPS) and link these to the host response in a mouse model of a LPS-induced lethal SIRS. Acute SIRS had no effect on the microbiome in the large intestine but induced a rapid dysbiosis in the small intestine, which resembled the microbiome alterations commonly observed in SIRS patients. Later in the disease progression, a dysbiosis of the respiratory microbiome was observed, which was associated with the MMP9 expression in the lungs. Although similar bacteria were increased in both the lung and the small intestine, no evidence for a gut-lung translocation was observed. Gut dysbiosis is commonly observed in diseases involving inflammation in the gut. However, whether the inflammatory response associated with SIRS and sepsis can directly cause gut dysbiosis was still unclear. In the current study we provide evidence that a LPS-induced SIRS can directly cause dysbiosis of the small intestinal and respiratory microbiome.
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4
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Wu Y, Yang D, Chen GY. Targeted disruption of Rab1a causes early embryonic lethality. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:46. [PMID: 35137917 PMCID: PMC8846934 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine nucleotide diphosphate (GDP) dissociation inhibitor 2 (GDI2) regulates the GDP/guanosine triphosphate (GTP) exchange reaction of Rab proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP and the subsequent binding of GTP. The present study aimed to determine the function of Rab1a in vivo, and thus generated mice with a trapped Rab1a gene. It was demonstrated that Rab1a is essential for embryonic development. It was also found that one functional Rab1a allele was sufficient for development in a heterozygous murine embryo, whereas a double mutant led to embryonic lethality. The dissection of uteri on embryonic day (E)10.5‑14.5 yielded no homozygous embryos, indicating that homozygotes die between E10.5 to E11.5. The gene trap construct contains a β‑galactosidase/neomycin reporter gene, allowing for heterozygotes to be stained for β‑galactosidase to determine the tissue‑specific expression of Rab1a. Rab1a was found to be highly expressed in the small intestine of both adult mice and embryos, although its expression levels were low in the brains of embryos. Moreover, there was no significant change in cytokine production and survival in wild‑type and heterozygous Rab1a+/‑ mice following a challenge with lipopolysaccharide. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the disruption of the Rab1a gene causes embryonic lethality and homozygotes die between E10.5 and E11.5, suggesting that Rab1a is essential for the early development of mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Darong Yang
- Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Guo-Yun Chen
- Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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5
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Chambers CA, Dadelahi AS, Moley CR, Olson RM, Logue CM, Skyberg JA. Nucleotide receptors mediate protection against neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by alpha-hemolysin expressing Escherichia coli K1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22197. [PMID: 35147989 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101485r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal meningitis-associated Escherichia coli (NMEC) is among the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in newborn infants. Several virulence factors have been identified as common among NMEC, and have been shown to play an important role in the development of bacteremia and/or meningitis. However, there is significant variability in virulence factor expression between NMEC isolates, and relatively little research has been done to assess the impact of variable virulence factor expression on immune cell activation and the outcome of infection. Here, we investigated the role of NMEC strain-dependent P2X receptor (P2XR) signaling on the outcome of infection in neonatal mice. We found that alpha-hemolysin (HlyA)-expressing NMEC (HlyA+ ) induced robust P2XR-dependent macrophage cell death in vitro, while HlyA- NMEC did not. P2XR-dependent cell death was inflammasome independent, suggesting an uncoupling of P2XR and inflammasome activation in the context of NMEC infection. In vivo inhibition of P2XRs was associated with increased mortality in neonatal mice infected with HlyA+ NMEC, but had no effect on the survival of neonatal mice infected with HlyA- NMEC. Furthermore, we found that P2XR-dependent protection against HlyA+ NMEC in vivo required macrophages, but not neutrophils or NLRP3. Taken together, these data suggest that HlyA+ NMEC activates P2XRs which in turn confers macrophage-dependent protection against infection in neonates. In addition, our findings indicate that strain-dependent virulence factor expression should be taken into account when studying the immune response to NMEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexis S Dadelahi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles R Moley
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel M Olson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Heath, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jerod A Skyberg
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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6
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Wu Z, He K, Chen Y, Li H, Pan S, Li B, Liu T, Xi F, Deng F, Wang H, Du J, Jing M, Li Y. A sensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo. Neuron 2021; 110:770-782.e5. [PMID: 34942116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic transmitter ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) plays an essential role in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the ability to directly measure extracellular ATP in real time will increase our understanding of its physiological functions. Here, we developed a sensitive GPCR activation-based ATP sensor called GRABATP1.0, with a robust fluorescence response to extracellular ATP when expressed in several cell types. This sensor has sub-second kinetics, has ATP affinity in the range of tens of nanomolar, and can be used to localize ATP release with subcellular resolution. Using this sensor, we monitored ATP release under a variety of in vitro and in vivo conditions, including stimuli-induced and spontaneous ATP release in primary hippocampal cultures, injury-induced ATP release in a zebrafish model, and lipopolysaccharides-induced ATP-release events in individual astrocytes in the mouse cortex. Thus, the GRABATP1.0 sensor is a sensitive, versatile tool for monitoring ATP release and dynamics under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kaikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sunlei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fengxue Xi
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
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7
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Hanidziar D, Robson SC. Synapomorphic features of hepatic and pulmonary vasculatures include comparable purinergic signaling responses in host defense and modulation of inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G200-G212. [PMID: 34105986 PMCID: PMC8410108 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00406.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatosplanchnic and pulmonary vasculatures constitute synapomorphic, highly comparable networks integrated with the external environment. Given functionality related to obligatory requirements of "feeding and breathing," these organs are subject to constant environmental challenges entailing infectious risk, antigenic and xenobiotic exposures. Host responses to these stimuli need to be both protective and tightly regulated. These functions are facilitated by dualistic, high-low pressure blood supply of the liver and lungs, as well as tolerogenic characteristics of resident immune cells and signaling pathways. Dysregulation in hepatosplanchnic and pulmonary blood flow, immune responses, and microbiome implicate common pathogenic mechanisms across these vascular networks. Hepatosplanchnic diseases, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension, often impact lungs and perturb pulmonary circulation and oxygenation. The reverse situation is also noted with lung disease resulting in hepatic dysfunction. Others, and we, have described common features of dysregulated cell signaling during liver and lung inflammation involving extracellular purines (e.g., ATP, ADP), either generated exogenously or endogenously. These metabokines serve as danger signals, when released by bacteria or during cellular stress and cause proinflammatory and prothrombotic signals in the gut/liver-lung vasculature. Dampening of these danger signals and organ protection largely depends upon activities of vascular and immune cell-expressed ectonucleotidases (CD39 and CD73), which convert ATP and ADP into anti-inflammatory adenosine. However, in many inflammatory disorders involving gut, liver, and lung, these protective mechanisms are compromised, causing perpetuation of tissue injury. We propose that interventions that specifically target aberrant purinergic signaling might prevent and/or ameliorate inflammatory disorders of the gut/liver and lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hanidziar
- 1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, grid.32224.35Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simon C. Robson
- 2Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Center for Inflammation Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,3Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Abstract
Thromboinflammation involves complex interactions between actors of inflammation and immunity and components of the hemostatic system, which are elicited upon infection or tissue injury. In this context, the interplay between platelets and innate immune cells has been intensively investigated. The ATP-gated P2X1 ion channel, expressed on both platelets and neutrophils is of particular interest. On platelets, this ion channel contributes to platelet activation and thrombosis, especially under high shear stress conditions of small arteries, whereas on neutrophils, it is involved in chemotaxis and in mitigating the activation of circulating cells. In vitro studies indicate that it may also be implicated in platelet-dependent immune responses during bacterial infection. More recently, in a mouse model of intestinal epithelial barrier disruption causing systemic inflammation, it has been reported that neutrophil P2X1 ion channel could play a protective role against exaggerated inflammation-associated thrombosis. This review will focus on this unique role of the ATP-gated P2X1 ion channel in thromboinflammation, highlighting possible implications and pointing to the need for further investigation of the role of P2X1 ion channels in the interplay between platelets and neutrophils during thrombus formation under various sterile or infectious inflammatory settings and in distinct vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Oury
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Odile Wéra
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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9
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Rodjakovic D, Salm L, Beldi G. Function of Connexin-43 in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1412. [PMID: 33573367 PMCID: PMC7866802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have helped to increase the understanding of the function of Connexin-43 (Cx43) in macrophages (Mφ). The various roles of Cx43 in Mφs range from migration, antigen-presentation and some forms of intercellular communication to more delicate processes, such as electrochemical support in the propagation of the heartbeat, immunomodulatory regulation in the lungs and in macrophage-differentiation. Its relevance in pathophysiology becomes evident in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), tumours and HIV, in which aberrant functioning of Cx43 has been described. However, the involvement of Cx43 in other Mφ functions, such as phagocytosis and polarisation, and its involvement in other types of local and systemic inflammation, are still unclear and need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodjakovic
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.R.); (L.S.)
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Salm
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.R.); (L.S.)
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.R.); (L.S.)
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Illes P, Müller CE, Jacobson KA, Grutter T, Nicke A, Fountain SJ, Kennedy C, Schmalzing G, Jarvis MF, Stojilkovic SS, King BF, Di Virgilio F. Update of P2X receptor properties and their pharmacology: IUPHAR Review 30. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:489-514. [PMID: 33125712 PMCID: PMC8199792 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The known seven mammalian receptor subunits (P2X1–7) form cationic channels gated by ATP. Three subunits compose a receptor channel. Each subunit is a polypeptide consisting of two transmembrane regions (TM1 and TM2), intracellular N- and C-termini, and a bulky extracellular loop. Crystallization allowed the identification of the 3D structure and gating cycle of P2X receptors. The agonist-binding pocket is located at the intersection of two neighbouring subunits. In addition to the mammalian P2X receptors, their primitive ligand-gated counterparts with little structural similarity have also been cloned. Selective agonists for P2X receptor subtypes are not available, but medicinal chemistry supplied a range of subtype-selective antagonists, as well as positive and negative allosteric modulators. Knockout mice and selective antagonists helped to identify pathological functions due to defective P2X receptors, such as male infertility (P2X1), hearing loss (P2X2), pain/cough (P2X3), neuropathic pain (P2X4), inflammatory bone loss (P2X5), and faulty immune reactions (P2X7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Grutter
- University of Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CAMB UMR 7199, Strasbourg, France
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Charles Kennedy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Günther Schmalzing
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Stanko S Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, The Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian F King
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Extracellular ATP as an Inter-Kingdom Signaling Molecule: Release Mechanisms by Bacteria and Its Implication on the Host. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155590. [PMID: 32759857 PMCID: PMC7432876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purine adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is not only a universal intracellular energy carrier but plays also an important role as extracellular signaling molecule. Purinergic signaling is involved in many physiological and pathological processes like coagulation, inflammation, or sepsis in mammals. ATP is well-known as a messenger for intercellular communications in multicellular organisms, but phylogenetically much older unicellular organisms like yeast or bacteria use ATP as an extracellular signaling molecule as well. However, the mechanisms of ATP secretion by bacteria and its extracellular implications still have to be elucidated. This review will provide an overview of the current knowledge about bacterial extracellular ATP (eATP) under homeostatic conditions and during growth. Possible secretion mechanisms of ATP by bacteria will be discussed and implications of bacterial ATP are shown, with a focus on bacteria–host interactions.
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12
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Alarcón P, Manosalva C, Quiroga J, Belmar I, Álvarez K, Díaz G, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Carretta MD, Burgos RA, Hidalgo MA. Oleic and Linoleic Acids Induce the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via Pannexin 1-Dependent ATP Release and P2X1 Receptor Activation. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:260. [PMID: 32582772 PMCID: PMC7291836 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) such as oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) are associated with a higher incidence of infectious diseases such as metritis and mastitis during the bovine peripartum. Fatty acids can induce an increase in the release of ATP, and changes in the expression levels of purinergic receptors in bovine polymorphonuclears (PMN) during peripartum have also been reported. PMN respond to inflammatory processes with production of ROS, release of proteolytic and bactericidal proteins, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs formation is known to require ATP production through glycolysis. Studies have shown that the above-mentioned metabolic changes alter innate immune responses, particularly in PMN. We hypothesized that NEFAs induce the formation of NETs through ATP release by Pannexin 1 and activation of purinergic receptors. In this study, we found that OA and LA induce NET formation and extracellular ATP release. Carbenoxolone, a pannexin-1 (PANX1) inhibitor, reduced OA- and LA-induced ATP release. We also found that P2X1, P2X4, P2X5, P2X7, and PANX1 were expressed at the mRNA level in bovine PMN. Additionally, NEFA-induced NET formation was completely abolished with exposure to NF449, a P2X1 antagonist, and partially inhibited by treatment with etomoxir, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Our results suggest that OA and LA induce NET formation and ATP release via PANX1 and activation of P2X1. These new data contribute to explaining the effects of NEFA high concentrations during the transition period of dairy cattle and further understanding of pro-inflammatory effects and outcome of postpartum diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Isidora Belmar
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Álvarez
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gustavo Díaz
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - María D Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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13
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Tian M, Abdelrahman A, Baqi Y, Fuentes E, Azazna D, Spanier C, Densborn S, Hinz S, Schmid R, Müller CE. Discovery and Structure Relationships of Salicylanilide Derivatives as Potent, Non-acidic P2X1 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6164-6178. [PMID: 32345019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists for the ATP-gated ion channel receptor P2X1 have potential as antithrombotics and for treating hyperactive bladder and inflammation. In this study, salicylanilide derivatives were synthesized based on a screening hit. P2X1 antagonistic potency was assessed in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells stably transfected with the human P2X1 receptor by measuring inhibition of the ATP-induced calcium influx. Structure-activity relationships were analyzed, and selectivity versus other P2X receptor subtypes was assessed. The most potent compounds, N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide (1, IC50 0.0192 μM) and N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide (14, IC50 0.0231 μM), displayed >500-fold selectivity versus P2X2 and P2X3, and 10-fold selectivity versus P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, and inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. They behaved as negative allosteric modulators, and molecular modeling studies suggested an extracellular binding site. Besides selective P2X1 antagonists, compounds with ancillary P2X4 and/or P2X7 receptor inhibition were discovered. These compounds represent the first potent, non-acidic, allosteric P2X1 receptor antagonists reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqun Tian
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Djamil Azazna
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Spanier
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabrina Densborn
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.,Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Lei L, Chai Y, Lin H, Chen C, Zhao M, Xiong W, Zhuang J, Fan X. Dihydroquercetin Activates AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in Macrophages and Attenuates Inflammation in LPS-Induced Endotoxemic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:662. [PMID: 32508636 PMCID: PMC7248193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a flavonoid compound known for its anti-oxidant effects. Oxidative stress plays a dominant role in regulating the pathways associated with systemic inflammatory immune activation during endotoxemia. Whether and how DHQ regulates inflammatory responses in endotoxemia remains elusive. Here we show DHQ pretreatment effectively reduced the Ten-day mortality in bacterial endotoxin lipopolyssacharide (LPS)-challenged mice, suppressing LPS-induced inflammatory responses reflected by impaired production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum of mice. In Raw 264.7 cells, DHQ pretreatment significantly inhibited the transcriptional upregulation of TNF-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) after LPS stimulation. Additionally, knockdown of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), one of the most important DHQ induced antioxidant genes, cancelled the inhibition of DHQ treatment on LPS induced TNF-α, IFN-γ production. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation were both enhanced by DHQ in Raw 264.7 cells, indicating a DHQ induced AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signal axis. In conclusion, DHQ pretreatment could protect mice against the inflammation and mortality associated with endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Lei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Yoon JB, Lee SH. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has feasible predictive value for hospital mortality in patients with small bowel obstruction in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 44:428-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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16
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Yang Y, Delalio LJ, Best AK, Macal E, Milstein J, Donnelly I, Miller AM, McBride M, Shu X, Koval M, Isakson BE, Johnstone SR. Endothelial Pannexin 1 Channels Control Inflammation by Regulating Intracellular Calcium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2995-3007. [PMID: 32312847 PMCID: PMC7336877 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is a significant risk factor in cardiovascular disease that can be targeted to reduce major cardiovascular events. IL-1β expression and release are tightly controlled by changes in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), which has been associated with ATP release and purinergic signaling. Despite this, the mechanisms that regulate these changes have not been identified. The pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels have canonically been implicated in ATP release, especially during inflammation. We examined Panx1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells following treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Analysis by whole transcriptome sequencing and immunoblot identified a dramatic increase in Panx1 mRNA and protein expression that is regulated in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Furthermore, genetic inhibition of Panx1 reduced the expression and release of IL-1β. We initially hypothesized that increased Panx1-mediated ATP release acted in a paracrine fashion to control cytokine expression. However, our data demonstrate that IL-1β expression was not altered after direct ATP stimulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Because Panx1 forms a large pore channel, we hypothesized it may permit Ca2+ diffusion into the cell to regulate IL-1β. High-throughput flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that TNF-α treatments lead to elevated [Ca2+]i, corresponding with Panx1 membrane localization. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Panx1 reduced TNF-α-associated increases in [Ca2+]i, blocked phosphorylation of the NF-κB-p65 protein, and reduced IL-1β transcription. Taken together, the data in our study provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that [Ca2+]i regulation via the Panx1 channel induces a feed-forward effect on NF-κB to regulate IL-1β synthesis and release in endothelium during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Leon J Delalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Angela K Best
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Edgar Macal
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Jenna Milstein
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Iona Donnelly
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley M Miller
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McBride
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
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17
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Filippin KJ, de Souza KFS, de Araujo Júnior RT, Torquato HFV, Dias DA, Parisotto EB, Ferreira AT, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Involvement of P2 receptors in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic disorders, and as pharmacological targets. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:1-15. [PMID: 31863258 PMCID: PMC7166233 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have shown the presence of P2 receptors in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These receptors are activated by extracellular nucleotides released from different sources. In the hematopoietic niche, the release of purines and pyrimidines in the milieu by lytic and nonlytic mechanisms has been described. The expression of P2 receptors from HSCs until maturity is still intriguing scientists. Several reports have shown the participation of P2 receptors in events associated with modulation of the immune system, but their participation in other physiological processes is under investigation. The presence of P2 receptors in HSCs and their ability to modulate this population have awakened interest in exploring the involvement of P2 receptors in hematopoiesis and their participation in hematopoietic disorders. Among the P2 receptors, the receptor P2X7 is of particular interest, because of its different roles in hematopoietic cells (e.g., infection, inflammation, cell death and survival, leukemias and lymphomas), making the P2X7 receptor a promising pharmacological target. Additionally, the role of P2Y12 receptor in platelet activation has been well-documented and is the main example of the importance of the pharmacological modulation of P2 receptor activity. In this review, we focus on the role of P2 receptors in the hematopoietic system, addressing these receptors as potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Juliana Filippin
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kamylla F S de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | | | - Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
- Universidade Braz Cubas, Av. Francisco Rodrigues Filho 1233, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, 08773-380, Brazil
| | - Dhébora Albuquerque Dias
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Alice Teixeira Ferreira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Culturas Celulares, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n Bairro Universitário, Campo Grande, MS, CEP: 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Culturas Celulares, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n Bairro Universitário, Campo Grande, MS, CEP: 79070-900, Brazil.
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18
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Wéra O, Lecut C, Servais L, Hego A, Delierneux C, Jiang Z, Keutgens A, Evans RJ, Delvenne P, Lancellotti P, Oury C. P2X1 ion channel deficiency causes massive bleeding in inflamed intestine and increases thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:44-56. [PMID: 31448510 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is associated with bleeding and thrombosis, two processes that may involve both platelets and neutrophils. However, the mechanisms and the respective contribution of these cells to intestinal bleeding and extra-intestinal thrombosis remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed at investigating the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of vascular integrity and thrombosis in intestinal inflammation. METHODS We used a mouse model of acute colitis induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days. Bleeding was assessed after depletion of platelets, neutrophils, or glycoprotein VI (GPVI); treatment with aspirin or clopidogrel; or in P2X1-deficient mice. Extra-intestinal thrombosis was analyzed using a laser-induced injury model of thrombosis in cremaster muscle arterioles. RESULTS Platelet depletion or P2X1 deficiency led to macrocytic regenerative anemia due to intestinal hemorrhage. In contrast, GPVI, P2Y12, and thromboxane A2 were dispensable. Platelet P-selectin expression and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) plasma levels were lower in DSS-treated P2X1-deficient mice as compared to wild-type mice, indicative of a platelet secretion defect. Circulating neutrophils had a more activated phenotype, and neutrophil infiltration in the colon was increased. P2X1-deficient mice also had elevated plasma granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels. Neutrophil depletion limited blood loss in these mice, whereas exogenous administration of G-CSF in colitic wild-type mice caused macrocytic anemia. Anemic colitic P2X1-deficient mice formed atypical neutrophil- and fibrin-rich, and platelet-poor thrombi upon arteriolar endothelial injury. CONCLUSIONS Platelets and P2X1 ion channels are mandatory to preserve vascular integrity in inflamed intestine. Upon P2X1 deficiency, neutrophils contribute to bleeding and they may also be responsible for enhanced thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Wéra
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Lecut
- Department of Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Servais
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Hego
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zheshen Jiang
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurore Keutgens
- Department of Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Richard J Evans
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Cécile Oury
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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19
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Mahaut Smith MP, Evans RJ, Vial C. Development of a P2X1-eYFP receptor knock-in mouse to track receptors in real time. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:397-402. [PMID: 31286385 PMCID: PMC6736900 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A P2X1-eYFP knock-in mouse was generated to study receptor expression and mobility in smooth muscle and blood cells. eYFP was added to the C-terminus of the P2X1R and replaced the native P2X1R. Fluorescence corresponding to P2X1-eYFPR was detected in urinary bladder smooth muscle, platelets and megakaryocytes. ATP-evoked currents from wild type and P2X1-eYFP isolated urinary bladder smooth muscle cells had the same peak current amplitude and time-course showing that the eYFP addition had no obvious effect on properties. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) in bladder smooth muscle cells demonstrated that surface P2X1Rs are mobile and their movement is reduced following cholesterol depletion. Compared to the platelet and megakaryocyte, P2X1-eYFP fluorescence was negligible in red blood cells and the majority of smaller marrow cells. The spatial pattern of P2X1-eYFP fluorescence in the megakaryocyte along with FRAP assessment of mobility suggested that P2X1Rs are expressed extensively throughout the membrane invagination system of this cell type. The current study highlights that the spatiotemporal properties of P2X1R expression can be monitored in real time in smooth muscle cells and megakaryocytes/platelets using the eYFP knock-in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn P Mahaut Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Richard J Evans
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Catherine Vial
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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20
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P2X 1 receptor blockers reduce the number of circulating thrombocytes and the overall survival of urosepsis with haemolysin-producing Escherichia coli. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:265-276. [PMID: 31129780 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Urosepsis is a severe condition often caused by Escherichia coli that spontaneously have ascended the urinary tract to the kidneys causing pyelonephritis and potentially bacteraemia. The number of sepsis cases has been steadily increasing over the last decades, and there are still no specific, molecular supportive therapies for sepsis to supplement antibiotic treatment. P2X1 receptors are expressed by a number of immune cells including thrombocytes, which presently have been established as an important player in the acute immune response to bacterial infections. P2X1 receptor-deficient mice have been shown to be relatively protected against urosepsis, with markedly reduced levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and intravascular coagulation. However, here we show that continuous intravenous infusion with P2X1 receptor antagonist markedly accelerates development of a septic response to induced bacteraemia with uropathogenic E. coli. Mice exposed to the P2X1 receptor antagonists die very early with haematuria, substantially elevated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, massive intravascular coagulation and a concomitant reduction in circulating thrombocytes. Interestingly, infusion of P2X1 receptor antagonists causes a marked acute reduction in circulating thrombocytes and a higher number of bacteria in the blood. These data support the notion that the number of functional thrombocytes is important for the acute defence against bacteria in the circulation and that the P2X1 receptor potentially could be essential for this response.
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21
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Therkildsen JR, Christensen MG, Tingskov SJ, Wehmöller J, Nørregaard R, Praetorius HA. Lack of P2X 7 Receptors Protects against Renal Fibrosis after Pyelonephritis with α-Hemolysin-Producing Escherichia coli. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1201-1211. [PMID: 30926332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe urinary tract infections are commonly caused by sub-strains of Escherichia coli secreting the pore-forming virulence factor α-hemolysin (HlyA). Repeated or severe cases of pyelonephritis can cause renal scarring that subsequently can lead to progressive failure. We have previously demonstrated that HlyA releases cellular ATP directly through its membrane pore and that acute HlyA-induced cell damage is completely prevented by blocking ATP signaling. Local ATP signaling and P2X7 receptor activation play a key role in the development of tissue fibrosis. This study investigated the effect of P2X7 receptors on infection-induced renal scarring in a murine model of pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis was induced by injecting 100 million HlyA-producing, uropathogenic E. coli into the urinary bladder of BALB/cJ mice. A similar degree of pyelonephritis and mortality was confirmed at day 5 after infection in P2X7+/+ and P2X7-/- mice. Fibrosis was first observed 2 weeks after infection, and the data clearly demonstrated that P2X7-/- mice and mice exposed to the P2X7 antagonist, brillian blue G, show markedly less renal fibrosis 14 days after infection compared with controls (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed comparable early neutrophil infiltration in the renal cortex from P2X7+/+ and P2X7-/- mice. Interestingly, lack of P2X7 receptors resulted in diminished macrophage infiltration and reduced neutrophil clearance in the cortex of P2X7-/- mice. Hence, this study suggests the P2X7 receptor to be an appealing antifibrotic target after renal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stine J Tingskov
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Wehmöller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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The ATP-gated P2X 1 ion channel contributes to the severity of antibody-mediated Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5159. [PMID: 30914724 PMCID: PMC6435740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological responses that control the development of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI), a serious post-transfusion respiratory syndrome, still need to be clarified. Since extracellular nucleotides and their P2 receptors participate in inflammatory processes as well as in cellular responses to stress, we investigated the role of the ATP-gated P2X1 cation channel in antibody-mediated TRALI. The effects of NF449, a selective P2X1 receptor (P2RX1) antagonist, were analyzed in a mouse two-hit model of TRALI. Mice were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 24 h later challenged by administrating an anti-MHC I antibody. The selective P2RX1 antagonist NF449 was administrated before the administration of LPS and/or the anti-MHC I antibody. When given before antibody administration, NF449 improved survival while maximal protection was achieved when NF449 was also administrated before the sensitization step. Under this later condition, protein contents in bronchoalveolar lavages were dramatically reduced. Cell depletion experiments indicated that monocytes/macrophages, but not neutrophils, contribute to this effect. In addition, the reduced lung periarteriolar interstitial edemas in NF449-treated mice suggested that P2RX1 from arteriolar smooth muscle cells could represent a target of NF449. Accordingly, inhibition of TRPC6, another cation channel expressed by smooth muscle cells, also reduced TRALI-associated pulmonary interstitial and alveolar edemas. These data strongly suggest that cation channels like P2RX1 or TRPC6 participate to TRALI pathological responses.
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23
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Dosch M, Zindel J, Jebbawi F, Melin N, Sanchez-Taltavull D, Stroka D, Candinas D, Beldi G. Connexin-43-dependent ATP release mediates macrophage activation during sepsis. eLife 2019; 8:42670. [PMID: 30735126 PMCID: PMC6415938 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial spillage into a sterile environment following intestinal hollow-organ perforation leads to peritonitis and fulminant sepsis. Outcome of sepsis critically depends on macrophage activation by extracellular ATP-release and associated autocrine signalling via purinergic receptors. ATP-release mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. Here, we show that TLR-2 and −4 agonists trigger ATP-release via Connexin-43 hemichannels in macrophages leading to poor sepsis survival. In humans, Connexin-43 was upregulated on macrophages isolated from the peritoneal cavity in patients with peritonitis but not in healthy controls. Using a murine peritonitis/sepsis model, we identified increased Connexin-43 expression in peritoneal and hepatic macrophages. Conditional Lyz2cre/creGja1flox/flox mice were developed to specifically assess Connexin-43 impact in macrophages. Both macrophage-specific Connexin-43 deletion and pharmacological Connexin-43 blockade were associated with reduced cytokine secretion by macrophages in response to LPS and CLP, ultimately resulting in increased survival. In conclusion, inhibition of autocrine Connexin-43-dependent ATP signalling on macrophages improves sepsis outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Dosch
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joël Zindel
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fadi Jebbawi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Melin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Deborah Stroka
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Immler R, Simon SI, Sperandio M. Calcium signalling and related ion channels in neutrophil recruitment and function. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12964. [PMID: 29873837 PMCID: PMC6221920 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, their battle against invading microorganisms through phagocytosis and the release of antimicrobial agents is a highly coordinated and tightly regulated process that involves the interplay of many different receptors, ion channels and signalling pathways. Changes in intracellular calcium levels, caused by cytosolic Ca2+ store depletion and the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via ion channels, play a critical role in synchronizing neutrophil activation and function. In this review, we provide an overview of how Ca2+ signalling is initiated in neutrophils and how changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels modulate neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Immler
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Scott I. Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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25
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Schmid R, Evans RJ. ATP-Gated P2X Receptor Channels: Molecular Insights into Functional Roles. Annu Rev Physiol 2018; 81:43-62. [PMID: 30354932 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the nervous system, ATP is co-stored in vesicles with classical transmitters and released in a regulated manner. ATP from the intracellular compartment can also exit the cell through hemichannels and following shear stress or membrane damage. In the past 30 years, the action of ATP as an extracellular transmitter at cell-surface receptors has evolved from somewhat of a novelty that was treated with skepticism to purinergic transmission being accepted as having widespread important functional roles mediated by ATP-gated ionotropic P2X receptors (P2XRs). This review focuses on work published in the last five years and provides an overview of ( a) structural studies, ( b) the molecular basis of channel properties and regulation of P2XRs, and ( c) the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ATP acting at defined P2XR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; .,Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Evans
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom;
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26
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Wang X, Chen D. Purinergic Regulation of Neutrophil Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:399. [PMID: 29545806 PMCID: PMC5837999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling, which utilizes nucleotides (particularly ATP) and adenosine as transmitter molecules, plays an essential role in immune system. In the extracellular compartment, ATP predominantly functions as a pro-inflammatory molecule through activation of P2 receptors, whereas adenosine mostly functions as an anti-inflammatory molecule through activation of P1 receptors. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in circulation and have emerged as an important component in orchestrating a complex series of events during inflammation. However, because of the destructive nature of neutrophil-derived inflammatory agents, neutrophil activation is fine-tuned, and purinergic signaling is intimately involved in this process. Indeed, shifting the balance between P2 and P1 signaling is critical for neutrophils to appropriately exert their immunologic activity. Here, we review the role of purinergic signaling in regulating neutrophil function, and discuss the potential of targeting purinergic signaling for the treatment of neutrophil-associated infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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27
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Park KS, Lee SH, Yun SJ, Ryu S, Kim K. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a feasible prognostic marker for pyogenic liver abscess in the emergency department. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2018; 45:343-351. [PMID: 29480320 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-018-0925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an effective predictor of mortality in patients with for various conditions. To date, there are no previous studies on NLR as a prognostic marker for pyogenic liver abscess (PLA), especially on admission to the emergency department (ED). METHODS From January 2013 to December 2015, 102 patients diagnosed with PLA in the ED were included. Clinico-radiological and laboratory results, including NLR, were evaluated as variables. NLR was calculated as absolute neutrophil count/absolute lymphocyte count. To evaluate the prognosis of PLA, data on hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and development of septic shock were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression analyses and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed. RESULTS Among 102 patients, 10 (9.8%) died, 14 (13.7%) were admitted to the ICU, and 15 (14.7%) developed septic shock during hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed NLR as an independent factor in predicting death [odds ratio (OR), 1.4; p = 0.020], ICU admission (OR, 1.4; p = 0.021), and development of septic shock (OR, 1.6; p = 0.041). NLR showed an excellent predictive performance for death (areas under the ROC curves [AUC], 0.941; cut-off value, 19.7; p < 0.001), ICU admission (AUC, 0.946; cut-off value, 16.9; p < 0.001), and development of septic shock (AUC, 0.927; cut-off value, 16.9; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION NLR was positively associated with poor prognosis of PLA; elevated NLR could predictor of high risk of death, ICU admission, and development of septic shock. Emergency physicians should consider NLR for the prognosis of PLA and early aggressive treatment, especially in patients with NLR > 16.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Soon Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jong Yun
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seokyong Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Womans University Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
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28
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Cho SK, Jung S, Lee KJ, Kim JW. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio can predict the severity of gallstone pancreatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:18. [PMID: 29370777 PMCID: PMC5785858 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) predict severity in various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the value of NLR and PLR as prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS Patients with AP were prospectively enrolled from March 2014 to September 2016 at Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine. NLR and PLR were obtained at admission and were compared with other known prognostic scoring systems. RESULTS A total of 243 patients were enrolled with an etiology of gallstone (n = 134) or alcohol (n = 109). NLR (17.7 ± 18.3 vs. 8.8 ± 8.4, P < 0.001) and PLR (344.1 ± 282.6 vs. 177.8 ± 150.1, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the gallstone AP group than in the alcoholic AP group. For gallstone AP, NLR and PLR were significantly higher in severe AP, whereas high NLR and PLR were not related to severe AP in alcoholic AP. For the gallstone AP group, NLR and PLR demonstrated a predictive value significantly superior to C-reactive protein (CRP), whereas NLR, PLR, and CRP were not significant predictors for alcoholic AP. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that NLR and PLR can predict the severity of AP, but only in gallstone AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Saehyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Joo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, 26426, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, 26426, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Di Virgilio F, Dal Ben D, Sarti AC, Giuliani AL, Falzoni S. The P2X7 Receptor in Infection and Inflammation. Immunity 2017; 47:15-31. [PMID: 28723547 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulates at sites of tissue injury and inflammation. Effects of extracellular ATP are mediated by plasma membrane receptors named P2 receptors (P2Rs). The P2R most involved in inflammation and immunity is the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), expressed by virtually all cells of innate and adaptive immunity. P2X7R mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cytokine and chemokine release, T lymphocyte survival and differentiation, transcription factor activation, and cell death. Ten human P2RX7 gene splice variants and several SNPs that produce complex haplotypes are known. The P2X7R is a potent stimulant of inflammation and immunity and a promoter of cancer cell growth. This makes P2X7R an appealing target for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapy. However, an in-depth knowledge of its structure and of the associated signal transduction mechanisms is needed for an effective therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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30
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Amison R, Arnold S, O'Shaughnessy B, Cleary S, Ofoedu J, Idzko M, Page C, Pitchford S. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and platelet activation is mediated via the P2Y1 and P2Y14 receptors in mice. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Endotoxin-induced autocrine ATP signaling inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis through enhancing myosin light chain phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4483-4488. [PMID: 28396412 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616752114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the neutrophil recruitment cascade during inflammation has been well described, the molecular players that halt neutrophil chemotaxis remain unclear. In this study, we found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was a potent stop signal for chemotactic neutrophil migration. Treatment with an antagonist of the ATP receptor (P2X1) in primary human neutrophils or knockout of the P2X1 receptor in neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells recovered neutrophil chemotaxis. Further observations showed that LPS-induced ATP release through connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels was responsible for the activation of the P2X1 receptor and the subsequent calcium influx. Increased intracellular calcium stopped neutrophil chemotaxis by activating myosin light chain (MLC) through the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-dependent pathway. Taken together, these data identify a previously unknown function of LPS-induced autocrine ATP signaling in inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis by enhancing MLC phosphorylation, which provides important evidence that stoppage of neutrophil chemotaxis at infectious foci plays a key role in the defense against invading pathogens.
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32
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Greve AS, Skals M, Fagerberg SK, Tonnus W, Ellermann-Eriksen S, Evans RJ, Linkermann A, Praetorius HA. P2X 1, P2X 4, and P2X 7 Receptor Knock Out Mice Expose Differential Outcome of Sepsis Induced by α-Haemolysin Producing Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:113. [PMID: 28428949 PMCID: PMC5382212 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-haemolysin (HlyA)-producing Escherichia coli commonly inflict severe urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis, which comprises substantial risk for sepsis. In vitro, the cytolytic effect of HlyA is mainly mediated by ATP release through the HlyA pore and subsequent P2X1/P2X7 receptor activation. This amplification of the lytic process is not unique to HlyA but is observed by many other pore-forming proteins including complement-induced haemolysis. Since free hemoglobin in the blood is known to be associated with a worse outcome in sepsis one could speculate that inhibition of P2X receptors would ameliorate the course of sepsis. Surprisingly, this study demonstrates that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mice are exceedingly sensitive to sepsis with uropathogenic E. coli. These mice have markedly lower survival, higher cytokine levels and activated intravascular coagulation. Quite the reverse is seen in [Formula: see text] mice, which had markedly lower cytokine levels and less coagulation activation compared to controls after exposure to uropathogenic E. coli. The high cytokine levels in the [Formula: see text] mouse are unexpected, since P2X7 is implicated in caspase-1-dependent IL-1β production. Here, we demonstrate that IL-1β production during sepsis with uropathogenic E. coli is mediated by caspase-8, since caspase-8 and RIPK3 double knock out mice show substantially lower cytokine during sepsis and increased survival after injection of TNFα. These data support that P2X7 and P2X4 receptor activation has a protective effect during severe E. coli infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne Skals
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus DresdenDresden, Germany
| | | | - Richard J Evans
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus DresdenDresden, Germany
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Zhang Y, Wu W, Dong L, Yang C, Fan P, Wu H. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts persistent organ failure and in-hospital mortality in an Asian Chinese population of acute pancreatitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4746. [PMID: 27631223 PMCID: PMC5402566 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has frequently been reported as a significant indicator of systemic inflammation in various medical conditions. The association underlying NLR and outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) has not been evaluated after the publication of revised Atlanta classification.This was a single-center retrospective diagnostic accuracy study and a cohort outcome study. From 2009 to 2015, Asian Chinese patients with a diagnosis of AP presented within 72 hours from symptom onset and underwent neutrophil, lymphocyte assessment at presentation were included in this study. The outcomes were the occurrence of persistent organ failure (POF), intensive care unit (ICU) stay >7 days, and in-hospital mortality. The relationships of baseline neutrophil, lymphocyte count, and NLR with outcomes were assessed with multivariate Cox regression model.A total of 974 consecutive AP patients were clinically eligible. The mean neutrophils, lymphocytes, and NLR for the entire population were 10.23 ± 4.76 × 10/L, 1.05 ± 0.49 × 10/L, and 12.88 ± 11.25. Overall, 223 (22.9%) of the patients developed with POF, 202 (20.7%) spent more than 7 days in ICU, and 58 (6.0%) died during hospitalization. The NLR had a superior predictive performance than neutrophils and lymphocytes. Using an NLR cutoff of 11, the area under the curves (AUC) were 0.76 for POF, 0.74 for longer ICU stay, and 0.79 for death during hospitalization. After multivariate analysis, NLR ≥ 11 was further identified as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.89; HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.03-2.00; HR 2.75, 95% CI 1.12-6.76; all P value < 0.05). Following stratification according to quartiles of NLR, positive trends for the association across increasing NLR quartiles and the 3 outcomes were observed (P values for trends across quartiles were 0.007, 0.016, and 0.028, respectively). The adjusted HRs for highest NLR quartile versus the lowest were 2.80 (95% CI 1.42-5.51) (POF), 2.79 (95% CI 1.37-5.70) (ICU > 7 days), and 2.22 (95% CI 0.49-10.05) (mortality), respectively.Our data show for the first time that an increased NLR is an independent risk factor for POF, longer ICU stay, and in-hospital mortality in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushun Zhang
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province
| | - Wei Wu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province
| | - Liming Dong
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province
| | - Chong Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Fan
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province
- Correspondence: Ping Fan, Heshui Wu, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei province, People's Republic of China (e-mail: , )
| | - Heshui Wu
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province
- Correspondence: Ping Fan, Heshui Wu, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei province, People's Republic of China (e-mail: , )
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34
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Rassendren F, Audinat E. Purinergic signaling in epilepsy. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:781-93. [PMID: 27302739 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, analysis of the mechanisms underlying epilepsy was centered on neuron dysfunctions. Accordingly, most of the available pharmacological treatments aim at reducing neuronal excitation or at potentiating neuronal inhibition. These therapeutic options can lead to obvious secondary effects, and, moreover, seizures cannot be controlled by any known medication in one-third of the patients. A purely neurocentric view of brain functions and dysfunctions has been seriously questioned during the past 2 decades because of the accumulation of experimental data showing the functional importance of reciprocal interactions between glial cells and neurons. In the case of epilepsy, our current knowledge of the human disease and analysis of animal models clearly favor the involvement of astrocytes and microglial cells during the progression of the disease, including at very early stages, opening the way to the identification of new therapeutic targets. Purinergic signaling is a fundamental feature of neuron-glia interactions, and increasing evidence indicates that modifications of this pathway contribute to the functional remodeling of the epileptic brain. This Review discusses the recent experimental results indicating the roles of astrocytic and microglial P2X and P2Y receptors in epilepsy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Rassendren
- CNRS, UMR 5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, UMR5203, Montpellier, France.,Labex ICST, Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- INSERM, U1128, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopies, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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35
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Kudira R, Malinka T, Kohler A, Dosch M, de Agüero MG, Melin N, Haegele S, Starlinger P, Maharjan N, Saxena S, Keogh A, Stroka D, Candinas D, Beldi G. P2X1-regulated IL-22 secretion by innate lymphoid cells is required for efficient liver regeneration. Hepatology 2016; 63:2004-17. [PMID: 26853442 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Paracrine signalling mediated by cytokine secretion is essential for liver regeneration after hepatic resection, yet the mechanisms of cellular crosstalk between immune and parenchymal cells are still elusive. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is released by immune cells and mediates strong hepatoprotective functions. However, it remains unclear whether IL-22 is critical for the crosstalk between liver lymphocytes and parenchymal cells during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH). Here, we found that plasma levels of IL-22 and its upstream cytokine, IL-23, are highly elevated in patients after major liver resection. In a mouse model of PH, deletion of IL-22 was associated with significantly delayed hepatocellular proliferation and an increase of hepatocellular injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Using Rag1(-/-) and Rag2(-/-) γc(-/) (-) mice, we show that the main producers of IL-22 post-PH are conventional natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells type 1. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a potent danger molecule, is elevated in patients immediately after major liver resection. Antagonism of the P2-type nucleotide receptors, P2X1 and P2Y6, significantly decreased IL-22 secretion ex vivo. In vivo, specific inhibition of P2X1 was associated with decreased IL-22 secretion, elevated liver injury, and impaired liver regeneration. CONCLUSION This study shows that innate immune cell-derived IL-22 is required for efficient liver regeneration and that secretion of IL-22 in the regenerating liver is modulated by the ATP receptor, P2X1. (Hepatology 2016;63:2004-2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kudira
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Malinka
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kohler
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michel Dosch
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Department of Gastroenterology/Mucosal Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Melin
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Haegele
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niran Maharjan
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Smita Saxena
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Keogh
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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36
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Mahaut-Smith MP, Taylor KA, Evans RJ. Calcium Signalling through Ligand-Gated Ion Channels such as P2X1 Receptors in the Platelet and other Non-Excitable Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:305-29. [PMID: 27161234 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-gated ion channels on the cell surface are directly activated by the binding of an agonist to their extracellular domain and often referred to as ionotropic receptors. P2X receptors are ligand-gated non-selective cation channels with significant permeability to Ca(2+) whose principal physiological agonist is ATP. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which P2X1 receptors, a ubiquitously expressed member of the family of ATP-gated channels, can contribute to cellular responses in non-excitable cells. Much of the detailed information on the contribution of P2X1 to Ca(2+) signalling and downstream functional events has been derived from the platelet. The underlying primary P2X1-generated signalling event in non-excitable cells is principally due to Ca(2+) influx, although Na(+) entry will also occur along with membrane depolarization. P2X1 receptor stimulation can lead to additional Ca(2+) mobilization via a range of routes such as amplification of G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent Ca(2+) responses. This chapter also considers the mechanism by which cells generate extracellular ATP for autocrine or paracrine activation of P2X1 receptors. For example cytosolic ATP efflux can result from opening of pannexin anion-permeable channels or following damage to the cell membrane. Alternatively, ATP stored in specialised secretory vesicles can undergo quantal release via the process of exocytosis. Examples of physiological or pathophysiological roles of P2X1-dependent signalling in non-excitable cells are also discussed, such as thrombosis and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn P Mahaut-Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
| | - Kirk A Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Evans
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
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Zhao H, Jaffer T, Eguchi S, Wang Z, Linkermann A, Ma D. Role of necroptosis in the pathogenesis of solid organ injury. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1975. [PMID: 26583318 PMCID: PMC4670925 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of regulated cell death dependent on the activity of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein (RIP) kinases. However, unlike apoptosis, it is caspase independent. Increasing evidence has implicated necroptosis in the pathogenesis of disease, including ischemic injury, neurodegeneration, viral infection and many others. Key players of the necroptosis signalling pathway are now widely recognized as therapeutic targets. Necrostatins may be developed as potent inhibitors of necroptosis, targeting the activity of RIPK1. Necrostatin-1, the first generation of necrostatins, has been shown to confer potent protective effects in different animal models. This review will summarize novel insights into the involvement of necroptosis in specific injury of different organs, and the therapeutic platform that it provides for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - T Jaffer
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Eguchi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Z Wang
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - D Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Hechler B, Gachet C. Purinergic Receptors in Thrombosis and Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2307-15. [PMID: 26359511 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.303395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Under various pathological conditions, including thrombosis and inflammation, extracellular nucleotide levels may increase because of both active release and passive leakage from damaged or dying cells. Once in the extracellular compartment, nucleotides interact with plasma membrane receptors belonging to the P2 purinergic family, which are expressed by virtually all circulating blood cells and in most blood vessels. In this review, we focus on the specific role of the 3 platelet P2 receptors P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2X1 in hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. Beyond platelets, these 3 receptors, along with the P2Y2, P2Y6, and P2X7 receptors, constitute the main P2 receptors mediating the proinflammatory effects of nucleotides, which play important roles in various functions of circulating blood cells and cells of the vessel wall. Each of these P2 receptor subtypes specifically contributes to chronic or acute vascular inflammation and related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, endotoxemia, and sepsis. The potential for therapeutic targeting of these P2 receptor subtypes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Hechler
- From the UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France; Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France; and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- From the UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France; Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France; and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Wang S, Liu C, Pan S, Miao Q, Xue J, Xun J, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Duan X, Fan Y. Deferoxamine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and protects against endotoxic shock in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:305-11. [PMID: 26277391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To examine the role of the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) in the induction of inflammatory responses, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and endotoxic shock in mice in the present study. Our data showed that DFO significantly decreased LPS-induced LIP and ROS upregulation. We then found that DFO inhibited phosphorylation of MAP kinases such as ERK and p38 and also inhibited the activation of NF-κB induced by LPS. Furthermore, the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induced by LPS was inhibited by DFO in RAW264.7 macrophages. Administration of DFO significantly decreased the mortality and improved the survival of septic mice with lethal endotoxemia in LPS-injected mice. These results demonstrate that iron plays a pivotal role in the induction of inflammatory responses and against septic shock. DFO has effective inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory mediators via suppressing activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways; it also has a protective effect on LPS-induced endotoxic shock in mice. Our findings open doors to further studies directed at exploring a new class of drugs against septic shock or other inflammatory diseases by modulating cellular chelatable iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Shuhong Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Qing Miao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Jianqi Xue
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Jingna Xun
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xianglin Duan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China.
| | - Yumei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China.
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