1
|
Cai Y, Chen Z, Chen E, Zhang D, Wei T, Sun M, Lian Y. Succinic Acid Ameliorates Concanavalin A-Induced Hepatitis by Altering the Inflammatory Microenvironment and Expression of BCL-2 Family Proteins. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02021-6. [PMID: 38613638 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease that currently lacks feasible drug treatment methods. Our study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of succinic acid against AIH and provide a reliable method for the clinical treatment of AIH. We performed an in vivo study of the effects of succinic acid on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury in mice. We examined liver transaminase levels, performed hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and observed apoptotic phenotypes in mice. We performed flow cytometry to detect changes in the number of neutrophils and monocytes, and used liposomes to eliminate the liver Kupffer cells and evaluate their role. We performed bioinformatics analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blotting to detect mitochondrial apoptosis-induced changes in proteins from the B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) family. Succinic acid ameliorated ConA-induced AIH in a concentration-dependent manner, as reflected in the survival curve. HE and TUNEL staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling revealed decreased alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and reduced liver inflammation and apoptosis. RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that succinic acid significantly reduced liver pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Flow cytometry revealed significantly decreased levels of liver neutrophils. Moreover, the protective effect of succinic acid disappeared after the Kupffer cells were eliminated, confirming their important role in the effect. Bioinformatics analysis, RT-qPCR, and western blotting showed that succinic acid-induced changes in proteins from the Bcl-2 family involved mitochondrial apoptosis, indicating the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of succinic acid. Succinic acid ameliorated ConA-induced liver injury by regulating immune balance, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors, and promoting anti-apoptotic proteins in the liver. This study provides novel insights into the biological functions and therapeutic potential of succinic acid in the treatment of autoimmune liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ermei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wachtendorf S, Jonin F, Ochel A, Heinrich F, Westendorf AM, Tiegs G, Neumann K. The ST2 + Treg/amphiregulin axis protects from immune-mediated hepatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1351405. [PMID: 38571949 PMCID: PMC10987816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1351405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The alarmin IL-33 has been implicated in the pathology of immune-mediated liver diseases. IL-33 activates regulatory T cells (Tregs) and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expressing the IL-33 receptor ST2. We have previously shown that endogenous IL-33/ST2 signaling activates ILC2s that aggravate liver injury in murine immune-mediated hepatitis. However, treatment of mice with exogenous IL-33 before induction of hepatitis ameliorated disease severity. Since IL-33 induces expression of amphiregulin (AREG) crucial for Treg function, we investigated the immunoregulatory role of the ST2+ Treg/AREG axis in immune-mediated hepatitis. Methods C57BL/6, ST2-deficient (Il1rl1-/-) and Areg-/- mice received concanavalin A to induce immune-mediated hepatitis. Foxp3Cre+ x ST2fl/fl mice were pre-treated with IL-33 before induction of immune-mediated hepatitis. Treg function was assessed by adoptive transfer experiments and suppression assays. The effects of AREG and IL-33 on ST2+ Tregs and ILC2s were investigated in vitro. Immune cell phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results and discussion We identified IL-33-responsive ST2+ Tregs as an effector Treg subset in the murine liver, which was highly activated in immune-mediated hepatitis. Lack of endogenous IL-33 signaling in Il1rl1-/- mice aggravated disease pathology. This was associated with reduced Treg activation. Adoptive transfer of exogenous IL-33-activated ST2+ Tregs before induction of hepatitis suppressed inflammatory T-cell responses and ameliorated disease pathology. We further showed increased expression of AREG by hepatic ST2+ Tregs and ILC2s in immune-mediated hepatitis. Areg-/- mice developed more severe liver injury, which was associated with enhanced ILC2 activation and less ST2+ Tregs in the inflamed liver. Exogenous AREG suppressed ILC2 cytokine expression and enhanced ST2+ Treg activation in vitro. In addition, Tregs from Areg-/- mice were impaired in their capacity to suppress CD4+ T-cell activation in vitro. Moreover, application of exogenous IL-33 before disease induction did not protect Foxp3Cre+ x ST2fl/fl mice lacking ST2+ Tregs from immune-mediated hepatitis. In summary, we describe an immunoregulatory role of the ST2+ Treg/AREG axis in immune-mediated hepatitis, in which AREG suppresses the activation of hepatic ILC2s while maintaining ST2+ Tregs and reinforcing their immunosuppressive capacity in liver inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Wachtendorf
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fitriasari Jonin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Ochel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Heinrich
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kral M, van der Vorst EP, Surnov A, Weber C, Döring Y. ILC2-mediated immune crosstalk in chronic (vascular) inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1326440. [PMID: 38179045 PMCID: PMC10765502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1326440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity is pivotal for an efficient immune response and to maintain immune homeostasis under steady state conditions. As part of the innate immune system, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as new important regulators of tissue homeostasis and repair by fine-tuning innate-adaptive immune cell crosstalk. ILC2s mediate either pro- or anti-inflammatory immune responses in a context dependent manner. Inflammation has proven to be a key driver of atherosclerosis, resembling the key underlying pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Notably, numerous studies point towards an atheroprotective role of ILC2s e.g., by mediating secretion of type-II cytokines (IL-5, IL-13, IL-9). Boosting these protective responses may be suitable for promising future therapy, although these protective cues are currently incompletely understood. Additionally, little is known about the mechanisms by which chemokine/chemokine receptor signaling shapes ILC2 functions in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Hence, this review will focus on the latest findings regarding the protective and chemokine/chemokine receptor guided interplay between ILC2s and other immune cells like T and B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Further, we will elaborate on potential therapeutic implications which result or could be distilled from the dialogue of ILC2s with cells of the immune system in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kral
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexey Surnov
- Type 1 Diabetes Immunology (TDI), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao Q, Wang R, Niu Z, Chen T, Azmi F, Read SA, Chen J, Lee VW, Zhou C, Julovi S, Huang Q, Wang YM, Starkey MR, Zheng G, Alexander SI, George J, Wang Y, Harris DC. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells are protective against hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100837. [PMID: 37691688 PMCID: PMC10482753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Although type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were originally found to be liver-resident lymphocytes, the role and importance of ILC2 in liver injury remains poorly understood. In the current study, we sought to determine whether ILC2 is an important regulator of hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods ILC2-deficient mice (ICOS-T or NSG) and genetically modified ILC2s were used to investigate the role of ILC2s in murine hepatic IRI. Interactions between ILC2s and eosinophils or macrophages were studied in coculture. The role of human ILC2s was assessed in an immunocompromised mouse model of hepatic IRI. Results Administration of IL-33 prevented hepatic IRI in association with reduction of neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory mediators in the liver. IL-33-treated mice had elevated numbers of ILC2s, eosinophils, and regulatory T cells. Eosinophils, but not regulatory T cells, were required for IL-33-mediated hepatoprotection in IRI mice. Depletion of ILC2s substantially abolished the protective effect of IL-33 in hepatic IRI, indicating that ILC2s play critical roles in IL-33-mediated liver protection. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo-expanded ILC2s improved liver function and attenuated histologic damage in mice subjected to IRI. Mechanistic studies combining genetic and adoptive transfer approaches identified a protective role of ILC2s through promoting IL-13-dependent induction of anti-inflammatory macrophages and IL-5-dependent elevation of eosinophils in IRI. Furthermore, in vivo expansion of human ILC2s by IL-33 or transfer of ex vivo-expanded human ILC2s ameliorated hepatic IRI in an immunocompromised mouse model of hepatic IRI. Conclusions This study provides insight into the mechanisms of ILC2-mediated liver protection that could serve as therapeutic targets to treat acute liver injury. Impact and Implications We report that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important regulators in a mouse model of liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Through manipulation of macrophage and eosinophil phenotypes, ILC2s mitigate liver inflammation and injury during liver IRI. We propose that ILC2s have the potential to serve as a therapeutic tool for protecting against acute liver injury and lay the foundation for translation of ILC2 therapy to human liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiguo Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Titi Chen
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Farhana Azmi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott A. Read
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W.S. Lee
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chunze Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sohel Julovi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qingsong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm R. Starkey
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I. Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David C.H. Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khaleel A, El-Sheakh AR, Suddek GM. Celecoxib abrogates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice: Possible involvement of Nrf2/HO-1, JNK signaling pathways and COX-2 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110442. [PMID: 37352567 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA) is an established model for inducing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in mice, mimicking clinical features in human. The aimof the current study is to explore the possible protective effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,on immunological responses elicited in the ConA model of acute hepatitis. ConA (20 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to adult male mice for 6 h. Prior to ConA intoxication, mice in the treatedgroups received daily doses of celecoxib (30 and 60 mg/kg in CMC) for 7 days. Results revealed that administration of celecoxib 60 mg/kg for 7 days significantly protected the liver from ConA-induced liver damage revealed by significant decrease in ALT and AST serum levels. Celecoxib 30 and 60 mg/kg pretreatment enhanced oxidant/antioxidant hemostasis by significantreduction of MDA and NO content and increase hepatic GSH contents and SOD activity. In addition, celecoxib 30 and 60 mg/kg caused significant increase in hepatic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Moreover, celecoxib 30 and 60 mg/kg inhibited the release of proinflammatory markers including IL-1β and TNF-α along with significant decrease in p-JNK, AKT phosphorylation ratio and caspase-3 expression. Besides, Con A was correlated to high expression of cyclooxygenase COX-2 and this increasing was improved by administration of celecoxib. These changes were in good agreement with improvement in histological deterioration. The protective effect of celecoxib was also associated with significant reduction of autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1 and LC3II). In conclusion, celecoxib showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagy activity against Con A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis. These effects could be produced by modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, IL-1B /p-JNK/p-AKT, JNK/caspase-3, and Beclin-1/LC3II signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Khaleel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa, Egypt; Future Studies and Risks Management' National Committee of Drugs, Academy of Scientific Research, Ministry of Higher Education, Elsayeda Zeinab, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu W, Wang S, Zhang L, Mao B, Wang B, Wang X, Zhao D, Zhao P, Mou Y, Yan P. Mechanistic studies of MALAT1 in respiratory diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1031861. [PMID: 36419933 PMCID: PMC9676952 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1031861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of respiratory diseases and the respiratory disease mortality rate have increased in recent years. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 is involved in various respiratory diseases. In vascular endothelial and cancer cells, MALAT1 expression triggers various changes such as proinflammatory cytokine expression, cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, and increased endothelial cell permeability. Methods: In this review, we performed a relative concentration index (RCI) analysis of the lncRNA database to assess differences in MALAT1 expression in different cell lines and at different locations in the same cell, and summarize the molecular mechanisms of MALAT1 in the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases and its potential therapeutic application in these conditions. Results: MALAT1 plays an important regulatory role in lncRNA with a wide range of effects in respiratory diseases. The available evidence shows that MALAT1 plays an important role in the regulation of multiple respiratory diseases. Conclusion: MALAT1 is an important regulatory biomarker for respiratory disease. Targeting the regulation MALAT1 could have important applications for the future treatment of respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shihao Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Beibei Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunying Mou
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peizheng Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beckstette M, Lu CW, Herppich S, Diem EC, Ntalli A, Ochel A, Kruse F, Pietzsch B, Neumann K, Huehn J, Floess S, Lochner M. Profiling of epigenetic marker regions in murine ILCs under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213389. [PMID: 35938981 PMCID: PMC9386974 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation play an essential role in imprinting specific transcriptional patterns in cells. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of murine lymph node–derived ILCs, which led to the identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and the definition of epigenetic marker regions in ILCs. Marker regions were located in genes with a described function for ILCs, such as Tbx21, Gata3, or Il23r, but also in genes that have not been related to ILC biology. Methylation levels of the marker regions and expression of the associated genes were strongly correlated, indicating their functional relevance. Comparison with T helper cell methylomes revealed clear lineage differences, despite partial similarities in the methylation of specific ILC marker regions. IL-33–mediated challenge affected methylation of ILC2 epigenetic marker regions in the liver, while remaining relatively stable in the lung. In our study, we identified a set of epigenetic markers that can serve as a tool to study phenotypic and functional properties of ILCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Beckstette
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure, Department of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Herppich
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elia C Diem
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Ntalli
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aaron Ochel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Kruse
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Pietzsch
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heinrich B, Gertz EM, Schäffer AA, Craig AJ, Ruf B, Subramanyam V, McVey JC, Diggs LP, Heinrich S, Rosato U, Ma C, Yan C, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Shen TW, Kapoor V, Telford W, Kleiner D, Stovroff MK, Dhani HS, Kang J, Fishbein TM, Wang XW, Ruppin E, Kroemer A, Greten TF, Korangy F. The tumour microenvironment shapes innate lymphoid cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2022; 71:1161-1175. [PMID: 34340996 PMCID: PMC8807808 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a typical inflammation-associated cancer. Tissue resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been suggested to control tumour surveillance. Here, we studied how the local cytokine milieu controls ILCs in HCC. DESIGN We performed bulk RNA sequencing of HCC tissue as well as flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing of enriched ILCs from non-tumour liver, margin and tumour core derived from 48 patients with HCC. Simultaneous measurement of protein and RNA expression at the single-cell level (AbSeq) identified precise signatures of ILC subgroups. In vitro culturing of ILCs was used to validate findings from in silico analysis. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data from large HCC cohorts allowed stratification and survival analysis based on transcriptomic signatures. RESULTS RNA sequencing of tumour, non-tumour and margin identified tumour-dependent gradients, which were associated with poor survival and control of ILC plasticity. Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry of ILCs from HCC livers identified natural killer (NK)-like cells in the non-tumour tissue, losing their cytotoxic profile as they transitioned into tumour ILC1 and NK-like-ILC3 cells. Tumour ILC composition was mediated by cytokine gradients that directed ILC plasticity towards activated tumour ILC2s. This was liver-specific and not seen in ILCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Patients with high ILC2/ILC1 ratio expressed interleukin-33 in the tumour that promoted ILC2 generation, which was associated with better survival. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the tumour cytokine milieu controls ILC composition and HCC outcome. Specific changes of cytokines modify ILC composition in the tumour by inducing plasticity and alter ILC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Heinrich
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - E. Michael Gertz
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Alejandro A. Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Amanda J. Craig
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Ruf
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Varun Subramanyam
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - John C. McVey
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Laurence P. Diggs
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sophia Heinrich
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Umberto Rosato
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chunhua Yan
- The Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20950, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- The Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20950, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA
| | - Tsai-Wei Shen
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA
| | - Veena Kapoor
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - William Telford
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Merril K. Stovroff
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Harmeet S. Dhani
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Jiman Kang
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Thomas M. Fishbein
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Xin W. Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Tim F. Greten
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Murphy JM, Ngai L, Mortha A, Crome SQ. Tissue-Dependent Adaptations and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836999. [PMID: 35359972 PMCID: PMC8960279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells reside in distinct niches across organs, where they contribute to tissue homeostasis and rapidly respond to perturbations in the local microenvironment. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of innate immune cells that regulate immune and tissue homeostasis. Across anatomical locations throughout the body, ILCs adopt tissue-specific fates, differing from circulating ILC populations. Adaptations of ILCs to microenvironmental changes have been documented in several inflammatory contexts, including obesity, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. While our understanding of ILC functions within tissues have predominantly been based on mouse studies, development of advanced single cell platforms to study tissue-resident ILCs in humans and emerging patient-based data is providing new insights into this lymphocyte family. Within this review, we discuss current concepts of ILC fate and function, exploring tissue-specific functions of ILCs and their contribution to health and disease across organ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Murphy
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Q Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li H, Zhan H, Cheng L, Yan S, Wang L, Li Y. Imbalanced distribution of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and ILC precursors in peripheral blood of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13166. [PMID: 35315090 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a novel group of innate immune cells, play a key role in the early immune response via rapidly reacting to signals expressed by tissue-resident cells. ILCs contribute to some autoimmune diseases. We aim to investigate the proportions of circulating ILC subgroups in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Overall, 48 patients with PBC and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Circulating ILCs and cytokine production were detected by flow cytometry. The proportions of total ILCs, ILC precursors (ILCPs), and ILCP/ILC2 ratio increased and that of ILC2s decreased in patients with PBC. ILC2 proportion was negatively correlated with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The proportion of ILCPs and ILCP/ILC2 ratio were positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase, GGT, ALT, and AST. ILC2 proportion was significantly decreased in the ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) -non-responder group compared with the UDCA-responder group, whereas the proportion of ILCPs and ILCP/ILC2 were ratio significantly increased. The proportions of CD38+ ILC2s, CD38+ ILCPs, CD45RO+ ILC2s, and CD45RO+ ILCPs were significantly higher in patients with PBC than in HCs. Levels of IL-17A producing ILCs were higher in patients with PBC than in HCs. PBC is accompanied by alterations in circulating ILCs. The proportions of ILC2s, ILCPs, and ILCP/ILC2 ratio were associated with the PBC disease activity. The proportions of ILCPs and ILCP/ILC2 ratio may reflect the UDCA treatment failure in patients with PBC. ILC2s and ILCPs from patients with PBC get activated, these cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of PBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Songxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tiegs G, Horst AK. TNF in the liver: targeting a central player in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:445-459. [PMID: 35122118 PMCID: PMC9256556 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine. First recognized as an endogenous soluble factor that induces necrosis of solid tumours, TNF became increasingly important as pro-inflammatory cytokine being involved in the immunopathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In the liver, TNF induces numerous biological responses such as hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis, liver inflammation and regeneration, and autoimmunity, but also progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering these multiple functions of TNF in the liver, we propose anti-TNF therapies that specifically target TNF signalling at the level of its specific receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea K Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bilirubin represents a negative regulator of ILC2 in allergic airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:314-326. [PMID: 34686839 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an important role in allergic airway inflammation. Despite recent advances in defining molecular mechanisms that control ILC2 development and function, the role of endogenous metabolites in the regulation of ILC2s remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that bilirubin, an end product of heme catabolism, was a potent negative regulator of ILC2s. Bilirubin metabolism was found to be significantly induced during airway inflammation in mouse models. The administration of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) dramatically suppressed ILC2 responses to interleukin (IL)-33 in mice, including cell proliferation and the production of effector cytokines. Furthermore, UCB significantly alleviated ILC2-driven airway inflammation, which was aggravated upon clearance of endogenous UCB. Mechanistic studies showed that the effects of bilirubin on ILC2s were associated with downregulation of ERK phosphorylation and GATA3 expression. Clinically, newborns with hyperbilirubinemia displayed significantly lower levels of ILC2 with impaired function and suppressed ERK signaling. Together, these findings indicate that bilirubin serves as an endogenous suppressor of ILC2s and might have potential therapeutic value in the treatment of allergic airway inflammation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Li J, Li H, Zhou Z, Guo C, Jiang J, Ming Y. A preliminary investigation into the immune cell landscape of schistosome-associated liver fibrosis in humans. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:803-813. [PMID: 34355810 PMCID: PMC8456952 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a widespread helminth disease that poses a heavy social and economic burden on people worldwide. Advanced schistosomiasis often develops into schistosome‐associated liver fibrosis, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. This study aimed preliminarily to profile immune cells of schistosome‐associated liver fibrosis using single‐cell RNA sequencing. Three patient groups were enrolled, including an Schistosomiasis japonicum (SJ) group (n = 1), a chronic liver failure (CLF) group (n = 3) and a healthy control (HC) group (n = 2), revealing 17 cell clusters out of 20 093 cells. From these limited datasets, it was observed that T cell(1), mononuclear phagocytes‐1 and dendritic cells (DCs) were higher in the SJ group. CAVIN2+ MP(2) was the predominant cell type in the MP subset of the SJ group (53%), and was higher than that in both the CLF (8%) and HC (1%) groups. Kupffer cell marker genes (CD163, MARCO and TIMD4) were enriched in caveolae‐associated protein 2 (CAVIN2)+ MP(2), which was also an important source of TGFB1. The KEGG pathways of CAVIN2+ MP(2) indicated that they were associated with lysosome, endocytosis, phagosome and antigen processing and presentation. The preliminary study showed that granzyme B (GZMB)+ T cell(1) and ankyrin repeat domain‐containing protein 36B+ T cell(3) were the most common T cells in the SJ group (50% and 32%, respectively). The KEGG pathways of GZMB+ T cell(1) were mainly related to natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. The percentage of ring1 and YY1 binding protein (RYBP)+ DC(1) was higher in the SJ group (57%) than in the CLF (16%) and HC (6%) groups. The KEGG pathway of RYBP+ DC(1) was related to Fc gamma R‐mediated phagocytosis and antigen processing and presentation. Overall, CAVIN2+ Kupffer cells were the main source of TGFB1, consisting primarily of mononuclear phagocytes in the livers of the SJ group subjects and potentially playing an irreplaceable role in hepatic fibrosis of schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhou
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mathä L, Romera-Hernández M, Steer CA, Yin YH, Orangi M, Shim H, Chang C, Rossi FM, Takei F. Migration of Lung Resident Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Link Allergic Lung Inflammation and Liver Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679509. [PMID: 34305911 PMCID: PMC8299566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are tissue resident in the lung and activated by inhaled allergens via epithelial-derived alarmins including IL-33. Activated ILC2s proliferate, produce IL-5 and IL-13, and induce eosinophilic inflammation. Here, we report that intranasal IL-33 or the protease allergen papain administration resulted in increased numbers of ILC2s not only in the lung but also in peripheral blood and liver. Analyses of IL-33 treated parabiosis mice showed that the increase in lung ILC2s was due to proliferation of lung resident ILC2s, whereas the increase in liver ILC2s was due to the migration of activated lung ILC2s. Lung-derived ILC2s induced eosinophilic hepatitis and expression of fibrosis-related genes. Intranasal IL-33 pre-treatment also attenuated concanavalin A-induced acute hepatitis and cirrhosis. These results suggest that activated lung resident ILC2s emigrate from the lung, circulate, settle in the liver and promote type 2 inflammation and attenuate type 1 inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mathä
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mónica Romera-Hernández
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine A Steer
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Han Yin
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mona Orangi
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hanjoo Shim
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - ChihKai Chang
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fumio Takei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Since their relatively recent discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been shown to be tissue-resident lymphocytes that are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and pathogen response. However, ILC dysregulation contributes to a diverse spectrum of human diseases, spanning virtually every organ system. ILCs rapidly respond to environmental cues by altering their own phenotype and function as well as influencing the behavior of other local tissue-resident cells. With a growing understanding of ILC biology, investigators continue to elucidate mechanisms that expand our ability to phenotype, isolate, target, and expand ILCs ex vivo. With mounting preclinical data and clinical correlates, the role of ILCs in both disease pathogenesis and resolution is evident, justifying ILC manipulation for clinical benefit. This Review will highlight areas of ongoing translational research and critical questions for future study that will enable us to harness the full therapeutic potential of these captivating cells.
Collapse
|
16
|
Identifying the Immunological Gene Signatures of Immune Cell Subtypes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6639698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a complicated defensive system that comprises multiple functional cells and molecules acting against endogenous and exogenous pathogenic factors. Identifying immune cell subtypes and recognizing their unique immunological functions are difficult because of the complicated cellular components and immunological functions of the immune system. With the development of transcriptomics and high-throughput sequencing, the gene expression profiling of immune cells can provide a new strategy to explore the immune cell subtyping. On the basis of the new profiling data of mouse immune cell gene expression from the Immunological Genome Project (ImmGen), a novel computational pipeline was applied to identify different immune cell subtypes, including αβ T cells, B cells, γδ T cells, and innate lymphocytes. First, the profiling data was analyzed by a powerful feature selection method, Monte-Carlo Feature Selection, resulting in a feature list and some informative features. For the list, the two-stage incremental feature selection method, incorporating random forest as the classification algorithm, was applied to extract essential gene signatures and build an efficient classifier. On the other hand, a rule learning scheme was applied on the informative features to construct quantitative expression rules. A group of gene signatures was found as qualitatively related to the biological processes of four immune cell subtypes. The quantitative expression rules can efficiently cluster immune cells. This work provides a novel computational tool for immune cell quantitative subtyping and biomarker recognition.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramezani F, Babaie F, Aslani S, Hemmatzadeh M, Mohammadi FS, Gowhari-Shabgah A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Ezzatifar F, Mohammadi H. The Role of the IL-33/ST2 Immune Pathway in Autoimmunity: New Insights and Perspectives. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1060-1086. [PMID: 33522348 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1878212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of IL-1 cytokine family, is produced by various immune cells and acts as an alarm to alert the immune system after epithelial or endothelial cell damage during cell necrosis, infection, stress, and trauma. The biological functions of IL-33 largely depend on its ligation to the corresponding receptor, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). The pathogenic roles of this cytokine have been implicated in several disorders, including allergic disease, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and cancers. However, alerted levels of IL-33 may result in either disease amelioration or progression. Genetic variations of IL33 gene may confer protective or susceptibility risk in the onset of autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the involvement of IL-33 and ST2 in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune rheumatic, neurodegenerative, and endocrine diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Immunology and Genetic, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ezzatifar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ruf B, Heinrich B, Greten TF. Immunobiology and immunotherapy of HCC: spotlight on innate and innate-like immune cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:112-127. [PMID: 33235387 PMCID: PMC7852696 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-based therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the systemic treatment of various cancer types. The therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies targeting inhibitory pathways such as programmed cell death-1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CTLA-4 to cells of the adaptive immune system has recently been shown to generate meaningful improvement in the clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, current immunotherapeutic approaches induce durable responses in only a subset of HCC patients. Since immunologic mechanisms such as chronic inflammation due to chronic viral hepatitis or alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease play a crucial role in the initiation, development, and progression of HCC, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms shaping the unique tumor microenvironment of liver cancer. The liver is an immunologic organ with large populations of innate and innate-like immune cells and is exposed to bacterial, viral, and fungal antigens through the gut-liver axis. Here, we summarize and highlight the role of these cells in liver cancer and propose strategies to therapeutically target them. We also discuss current immunotherapeutic strategies in HCC and outline recent advances in our understanding of how the therapeutic potential of these agents might be enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ruf
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khan HA, Munir T, Khan JA, Shafia Tehseen Gul AH, Ahmad MZ, Aslam MA, Umar MN, Arshad MI. IL-33 ameliorates liver injury and inflammation in Poly I:C and Concanavalin-A induced acute hepatitis. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104716. [PMID: 33383149 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The IL-33/ST2 axis is known to be involved in liver pathologies and IL-33 is over-expressed in mouse hepatitis models. We aimed to investigate the proposed protective effect of IL-33 in murine fulminant hepatitis induced by a Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) viral mimetic, Poly I:C or by Concanavalin-A (ConA). The Balb/C mice were administered intravenously with ConA (15 mg/kg) or Poly I:C (30 μg/mouse) to induce acute hepatitis along with vehicle control. The recombinant mouse IL-33 (rIL-33) was injected (0.2 μg/mouse) to mice 2 h prior to ConA or Poly I:C injection to check its hepato-protective effects. The gross lesions, level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), histopathology (H&E staining) and levels of IFNγ and TNFα were measured by ELISA. The gross pathological liver injury induced by Poly I:C or ConA was reduced by rIL-33 administration in mice. The levels of AST and ALT were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in mice challenged with Poly I:C or ConA in comparison to control mice. The rIL-33 pre-treated mice in both Poly I:C and ConA challenge groups showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower levels of AST and ALT, and decreased liver injury (parenchymal and per-vascular necrotic areas) in histological liver sections. The soluble levels of TNFα and IFNγ were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) raised in Poly I:C or ConA challenged mice than control mice. The levels of TNFα and IFNγ were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in rIL-33 pre-treated mice. In conclusion, the exogenous IL-33 administration mitigated liver injury and inflammation (decreased levels of IFNγ and TNFα) in Poly I:C and ConA-induced acute hepatitis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Munir
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zishan Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
He Y, Hwang S, Ahmed YA, Feng D, Li N, Ribeiro M, Lafdil F, Kisseleva T, Szabo G, Gao B. Immunopathobiology and therapeutic targets related to cytokines in liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:18-37. [PMID: 33203939 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a variety of factors, including liver injury, inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In the current review, we discuss recent data on a large number of cytokines that play important roles in regulating liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration, with a focus on interferons and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th9, Th17, interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6 family, and IL-20 family cytokines. Hepatocytes can also produce certain cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-11, and IL-33), and the functions of these cytokines in the liver are briefly summarized. Several cytokines have great therapeutic potential, and some are currently being tested as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases, which are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, F-75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khanam A, Kottilil S. Abnormal Innate Immunity in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Immunotargets for Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2013. [PMID: 33117329 PMCID: PMC7578249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe life-threatening condition with high risk of multiorgan failure, sepsis, and mortality. ACLF activates a multifaceted interplay of both innate and adaptive immune response in the host which governs the overall outcome. Innate immune cells recognize the conserved elements of microbial and viral origin, both to extort instant defense by transforming into diverse modules of effector responses and to generate long-lasting immunity but can also trigger a massive intrahepatic immune inflammatory response. Acute insult results in the activation of innate immune cells which provokes cytokine and chemokine cascade and subsequently initiates aggressive systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hepatic damage, and high mortality in ACLF. Dysregulated innate immune response not only plays a critical role in disease progression but also potentially correlates with clinical disease severity indices including Child-Turcotte-Pugh, a model for end-stage liver disease, and sequential organ failure assessment score. A better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of the disease and precise immune mechanisms associated with liver injury offers a novel approach for the development of new and efficient therapies to treat this severely ill entity. Immunotherapies could be helpful in targeting immune-mediated organ damage which may constrain progression toward liver failure and eventually reduce the requirement for liver transplantation. Here, in this review we discuss the defects of different innate immune cells in ACLF which updates the current knowledge of innate immune response and provide potential targets for new therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Khanam
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang H, Feng X, Yan W, Tian D. Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Unveiling Their Roles in Mouse Models and Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575572. [PMID: 33117375 PMCID: PMC7575771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe and chronic liver disease, and its incidence has increased worldwide in recent years. Research into the pathogenesis of AIH remains limited largely owing to the lack of suitable mouse models. The concanavalin A (ConA) mouse model is a typical and well-established model used to investigate T cell-dependent liver injury. However, ConA-induced hepatitis is acute and usually disappears after 48 h; thus, it does not mimic the pathogenesis of AIH in the human body. Several studies have explored various AIH mouse models, but as yet there is no widely accepted and valid mouse model for AIH. Immunosuppression is the standard clinical therapy for AIH, but patient side effects and recurrence limit its use. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play critical roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for AIH therapy. However, the role of Tregs in AIH has not yet been clarified, partly because of difficulties in diagnosing AIH and in collecting patient samples. In this review, we discuss the studies related to Treg in various AIH mouse models and patients with AIH and provide some novel insights for this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxia Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Commentary on: The potency of lncRNA MALAT1/miR-155 in altering asthmatic Th1/Th2 balance by modulation of CTLA4. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:222656. [PMID: 32292999 PMCID: PMC7199447 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common, allergic respiratory disorder affecting over 350 million people worldwide. One of the key features of asthma is skewing of CD4+ cells toward Th2 responses. This promotes the production of cytokines like IL-4 that induce IgE production resulting in the hypersecretion of mucus and airway smooth muscle contraction. Understanding the factors that favor Th2 expansion in asthma would provide important insights into the underlying pathogenesis of this disorder. Asthma research has focused on signaling pathways that control the transcription of key asthma-related genes. However, increasing evidence shows that post-transcriptional factors also determine CD4+ cell fate and the enhancement of allergic airway responses. A recent paper published by Liang et al. (Bioscience Reports (2020) 40, https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20190397) highlights a novel role for the long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in Th2 development in asthma. MALAT1 modulates several biological processes including alternative splicing, epigenetic modification and gene expression. It is one of the most highly expressed lncRNAs in normal tissues and MALAT1 levels correlate with poor clinical outcomes in cancer. The mechanisms of action of MALAT1 in tumor progression and metastasis remain unclear and even less is known about its effects in inflammatory disease states like asthma. The work of Liang et al. demonstrates heightened MALAT1 expression in asthma and further shows that this lncRNA targets miR-155 to promote Th2 differentiation in this disease. This insight sets the stage for future studies to examine how MALAT1 manipulation could deter allergic immune responses in asthmatic airways.
Collapse
|
24
|
Verma R, Er JZ, Pu RW, Sheik Mohamed J, Soo RA, Muthiah HM, Tam JKC, Ding JL. Eomes Expression Defines Group 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells During Metastasis in Human and Mouse. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1190. [PMID: 32625207 PMCID: PMC7311635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have attempted to uncover the role of Group 1 Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in multiple physiological contexts, including cancer. However, the definition and precise contribution of Group 1 ILCs (constituting ILC1 and NK subsets) to metastasis is unclear due to the lack of well-defined cell markers. Here, we first identified ILC1 and NK cells in NSCLC patient blood and differentiated them based on the expression of transcription factors, T-bet and Eomes. Interestingly, Eomes downregulation in the peripheral blood NK cells of NSCLC patients positively correlated with disease progression. Additionally, we noted higher Eomes expression in NK cells (T-bet+Eomeshi) compared to ILC1s (T-bet+Eomeslo). We asked whether the decrease in Eomes was associated with the conversion of NK cells into ILC1 using Eomes as a reliable marker to differentiate ILC1s from NK cells. Utilizing a murine model of experimental metastasis, we observed an association between increase in metastasis and Eomes downregulation in NKp46+NK1.1+ Group 1 ILCs, which was consistent to that of human NSCLC samples. Further confirmation of this trend was achieved by flow cytometry, which identified tissue-specific Eomeslo ILC1-like and Eomeshi NK-like subsets in the murine metastatic lung based on cell surface markers and adoptive transfer experiments. Next, functional characterization of these cell subsets showed reduced cytotoxicity and IFNγ production in Eomeslo ILC1s compared to Eomeshi cells, suggesting that lower Eomes levels are associated with poor cancer immunosurveillance by Group 1 ILCs. These findings provide novel insights into the regulation of Group 1 ILC subsets during metastasis, through the use of Eomes as a reliable marker to differentiate between NK and ILC1s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riva Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhi Er
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ren Wei Pu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jameelah Sheik Mohamed
- Division of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ross A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harish Mithiran Muthiah
- Division of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Kit Chung Tam
- Division of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Innate lymphoid cells control signaling circuits to regulate tissue-specific immunity. Cell Res 2020; 30:475-491. [PMID: 32376911 PMCID: PMC7264134 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted organization of the immune system involves not only patrolling lymphocytes that constantly monitor antigen-presenting cells in secondary lymphoid organs but also immune cells that establish permanent tissue-residency. The integration in the respective tissue and the adaption to the organ milieu enable tissue-resident cells to establish signaling circuits with parenchymal cells to coordinate immune responses and maintain tissue homeostasis. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident innate immune cells that have a similar functional diversity to T cells including lineage-specifying transcription factors that drive certain effector programs. Since their formal discovery 10 years ago, it has become clear that ILCs are present in almost every tissue but strongly enriched at barrier surfaces, where they regulate immunity to infection, chronic inflammation, and tissue maintenance. In this context, recent research has identified ILCs as key in orchestrating tissue homeostasis through their ability to sustain bidirectional interactions with epithelial cells, neurons, stromal cells, adipocytes, and many other tissue-resident cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of recent studies that define the development and heterogeneity of ILC populations and their impact on innate and adaptive immunity. Further, we discuss emerging research on the influence of the nervous system, circadian rhythm, and developmental plasticity on ILC function. Uncovering the signaling circuits that control development and function of ILCs will provide an integrated view on how immune responses in tissues are synchronized with functional relevance far beyond the classical view of the role of the immune system in discrimination between self/non-self and host defense.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gonzalez-Polo V, Pucci-Molineris M, Cervera V, Gambaro S, Yantorno SE, Descalzi V, Tiribelli C, Gondolesi GE, Meier D. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells exhibit progressively higher levels of activation during worsening of liver fibrosis. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:366-372. [PMID: 31053540 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The interleukin-33/interleukin-13 pathway is involved in the immunopathology of liver fibrosis and recently characterized group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) were identified as profibrotic immune cells in the liver of mouse models. Our aim was to elucidate whether ILC2 might be present in human liver tissue and whether ILC2 contribute to liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify ILC2 in liver tissue and blood, we purified mononuclear immune cells from needle biopsies, cirrhotic explant specimen, and paired peripheral blood samples. Cell suspensions were incubated with specific markers for ILC2 and analyzed by flow cytometry. The CD69 marker was included to assess the activation level of ILC2. In addition, we determined the IL-33 plasma level. RESULTS Results were correlated with the METAVIR fibrotic score of patients enrolled in this study. We detected ILC2 in a higher percentage of CD45+ cells in liver tissue than in paired peripheral blood. The number of ILC2 was significantly increased in fibrotic tissue, but only slightly increased in paired peripheral blood. A higher percentage of CD69+ ILC2 was observed in fibrotic tissue, and this increase correlates positively with aggravation of liver fibrosis measured by fibrotic METAVIR score. A higher level of plasma IL-33 was only detected in samples obtained from cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that ILC2 are present in the human liver and are activated in tissue contributing to the immunopathology of human liver fibrosis, independently of the etiology; which might be a potential new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Gonzalez-Polo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Melisa Pucci-Molineris
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Victorio Cervera
- Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Gambaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Silvina E Yantorno
- Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Valeria Descalzi
- Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | | | - Gabriel E Gondolesi
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Dominik Meier
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional e Inmunología Asociada al Trasplante, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina; Instituto de Trasplante Multiórganico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hepatic ILC2 activity is regulated by liver inflammation-induced cytokines and effector CD4 + T cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1071. [PMID: 31974518 PMCID: PMC6978388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In immune-mediated hepatitis, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) as well as effector CD4+ T cells have been shown to drive disease pathology. However, less is known about mechanisms involved in the regulation of ILC2 function during liver inflammation. We showed that in homeostasis, hepatic ILC2 constituted a very small population with a naive, inactive phenotype. During immune-mediated hepatitis, the cytokines IL-33 and IFNγ were expressed in liver tissue. IL-33 induced strong activation and expression of type 2 cytokines as well as IL-6 by hepatic ILC2 while IFNγ suppressed cytokine production. Interestingly, this inhibitory effect was overcome by IL-33. The phenotype of activated hepatic ILC2 were stable since they did not show functional plasticity in response to liver inflammation-induced cytokines. Moreover, hepatic ILC2 induced a Th2 phenotype in activated CD4+ T cells, which increased ILC2-derived cytokine expression via IL-2. In contrast, Th1 cells inhibited survival of ILC2 by production of IFNγ. Thus, hepatic ILC2 function is regulated by IL-33, IL-2, and IFNγ. While IL-33 and IL-2 support hepatic ILC2 activation, their inflammatory activity in immune-mediated hepatitis might be limited by infiltrating IFNγ-expressing Th1 cells.
Collapse
|
28
|
The role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in autoimmune disorders: Friend or foe? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:60-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
Elshal M, Abu-Elsaad N, El-Karef A, Ibrahim T. Retinoic acid modulates IL-4, IL-10 and MCP-1 pathways in immune mediated hepatitis and interrupts CD4+ T cells infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105808. [PMID: 31419710 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immune mediated liver injury includes activation of different immune pathways that requires various modalities to control their consequences. The current study involves evaluation of retinoic acid (RA) modulatory effects on immune responses induced in concanavalin A (ConA) model of acute hepatitis. MAIN METHODS Mice were divided as follows: Control group; RA group: received 35 mg/kg RA; ConA group: received 15 mg/kg ConA; ConA + RA group: received ConA and RA as described. Liver function biomarkers were measured in addition to malondialdehyde as lipid peroxidation biomarker. Liver tissue sections were scored for necro-inflammation, neutrophils infiltration, CD4+ T cells infiltration and NF-κb positive cells. Effect on hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 and MCP-1 was evaluated as well. KEY FINDINGS Injection of RA before ConA significantly (p < 0.001) decreased ALT, AST and LDH levels compared to their levels in ConA group. Hepatic infiltration of neutrophils and CD4+ T cells was markedly (p < 0.001) reduced by RA. Hepatic injury, necrosis and expression of NF-κb were significantly decreased by RA when injected before ConA challenge. A significant decrease in the measured cytokines TNF-α and IL-4 was observed in ConA + RA group in addition to a decrease in MCP-1 level. On the other hand, IL-10 was significantly increased in the latter group compared to ConA group. SIGNIFICANCE RA can protect against ConA-induced hepatitis through: interrupting early inflammatory response as neutrophils, monocytes and CD4+ T cells infiltration, modulating IL-4 level and subsequent production of TNF-α and NF-κb activation, mitigating second inflammatory responses through increasing IL-10 liver production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elshal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Abu-Elsaad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Karef
- Pathology Dep. Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Zhang C. The Roles of Liver-Resident Lymphocytes in Liver Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1582. [PMID: 31379818 PMCID: PMC6648801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident lymphocytes usually reside in barrier sites and are involved in innate and adaptive immunity. In recent years, many studies have shown that multiple types of lymphocytes are resident in the liver, including memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells; "unconventional" T cells, such as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδT cells; innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) such as natural killer (NK) cells and other ILCs. Although diverse types of tissue-resident lymphocytes share similar phenotypes, functional properties, and transcriptional regulation, the unique microenvironment of the liver can reshape their phenotypic and functional characteristics. Liver-resident lymphocytes serve as sentinels and perform immunosurveillance in response to infection and non-infectious insults, and are involved in the maintenance of liver homeostasis. Under the pathological conditions, distinct liver-resident lymphocytes exert protective or pathological effects in the process of various liver diseases. In this review, we highlight the unique properties of liver-resident lymphocytes, and discuss their functional characteristics in different liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dzopalić T, Božić-Nedeljković B, Jurišić V. Function of innate lymphoid cells in the immune-related disorders. Hum Cell 2019; 32:231-239. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
32
|
Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Liver and Gut: From Current Knowledge to Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081896. [PMID: 30999584 PMCID: PMC6514972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent a heterogeneous population of recently discovered immune cells that mirror the functions of adaptive T lymphocytes. However, ILCs are devoid of specific antigen receptors and cellular activation depends on environmental cytokines, rendering them as early regulators of immune responses. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) respond to alarmins, such as interleukin-25 and -33 and shape Th2-associated immunity by expressing IL-5 and IL-13 in a GATA3-dependent manner. In addition, ILC2s express the epidermal growth factor-like molecule Amphiregulin thereby promoting regeneration of injured tissue during inflammation. The gut and liver confer nutrient metabolism and bidirectional exchange of products, known as the gut-liver axis. Accordingly, both organs are continuously exposed to a large variety of harmless antigens. This requires avoidance of immunity, which is established by a tolerogenic environment in the gut and liver. However, dysregulations within the one organ are assumed to influence vitality of the other and frequently promote chronic inflammatory settings with poor prognosis. Intensive research within the last years has revealed that ILC2s are involved in acute and chronic inflammatory settings of gut and liver. Here, we highlight the roles of ILC2s in intestinal and hepatic inflammation and discuss a regulatory potential.
Collapse
|
33
|
Stegelmeier AA, van Vloten JP, Mould RC, Klafuric EM, Minott JA, Wootton SK, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Myeloid Cells during Viral Infections and Inflammation. Viruses 2019; 11:E168. [PMID: 30791481 PMCID: PMC6410039 DOI: 10.3390/v11020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells represent a diverse range of innate leukocytes that are crucial for mounting successful immune responses against viruses. These cells are responsible for detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thereby initiating a signaling cascade that results in the production of cytokines such as interferons to mitigate infections. The aim of this review is to outline recent advances in our knowledge of the roles that neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes play in initiating and coordinating host responses against viral infections. A focus is placed on myeloid cell development, trafficking and antiviral mechanisms. Although known for promoting inflammation, there is a growing body of literature which demonstrates that myeloid cells can also play critical regulatory or immunosuppressive roles, especially following the elimination of viruses. Additionally, the ability of myeloid cells to control other innate and adaptive leukocytes during viral infections situates these cells as key, yet under-appreciated mediators of pathogenic inflammation that can sometimes trigger cytokine storms. The information presented here should assist researchers in integrating myeloid cell biology into the design of novel and more effective virus-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Robert C Mould
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Elaine M Klafuric
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jessica A Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jin Z, Lei L, Lin D, Liu Y, Song Y, Gong H, Zhu Y, Mei Y, Hu B, Wu Y, Zhang G, Liu H. IL-33 Released in the Liver Inhibits Tumor Growth via Promotion of CD4 + and CD8 + T Cell Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3770-3779. [PMID: 30446569 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 released by epithelial cells and immune cells functions as an alarmin and can induce both type 1 and type 2 immune responses. However, the role of IL-33 release in tumor development is still not clear. In this study, we examined the function of released IL-33 in murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models by hydrodynamically injecting either IL-33-expressing tumor cells or IL-33-expressing plasmids into the liver of tumor-bearing mice. Tumor growth was greatly inhibited by IL-33 release. This antitumor effect of IL-33 was dependent on suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) because it was diminished in ST2-/- mice. Moreover, HCC patients with high IL-33 expression have prolonged overall survival compared with the patients with low IL-33 expression. Further study showed that there were increased percentages and numbers of activated and effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both spleen and liver in IL-33-expressing tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, IFN-γ production of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was upregulated in both spleen and liver by IL-33. The cytotoxicity of CTLs from IL-33-expressing mice was also enhanced. In vitro rIL-33 treatment could preferentially expand CD8+ T cells and promote CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and IFN-γ production. Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells diminished the antitumor activity of IL-33, suggesting that the antitumor function of released IL-33 was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Taken together, we demonstrated in murine HCC models that IL-33 release could inhibit tumor development through its interaction with ST2 to promote antitumor CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Jin
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University-, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University-, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University-, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University-, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Immunology Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Huanle Gong
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University-, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University-, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Mei
- Immunology Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University-, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University-, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; and.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; .,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
CD8+ T cell/IL-33/ILC2 axis exacerbates the liver injury in Con A-induced hepatitis in T cell-transferred Rag2-deficient mice. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:75-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
36
|
Horst AK, Najjar SM, Wagener C, Tiegs G. CEACAM1 in Liver Injury, Metabolic and Immune Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103110. [PMID: 30314283 PMCID: PMC6213298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on epithelial, endothelial and immune cells. CEACAM1 is a differentiation antigen involved in the maintenance of epithelial polarity that is induced during hepatocyte differentiation and liver regeneration. CEACAM1 regulates insulin sensitivity by promoting hepatic insulin clearance, and controls liver tolerance and mucosal immunity. Obese insulin-resistant humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease manifest loss of hepatic CEACAM1. In mice, deletion or functional inactivation of CEACAM1 impairs insulin clearance and compromises metabolic homeostasis which initiates the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis with other features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and adipogenesis in white adipose depot. This is followed by inflammation and endothelial and cardiovascular dysfunctions. In obstructive and inflammatory liver diseases, soluble CEACAM1 is shed into human bile where it can serve as an indicator of liver disease. On immune cells, CEACAM1 acts as an immune checkpoint regulator, and deletion of Ceacam1 gene in mice causes exacerbation of inflammation and hyperactivation of myeloid cells and lymphocytes. Hence, hepatic CEACAM1 resides at the central hub of immune and metabolic homeostasis in both humans and mice. This review focuses on the regulatory role of CEACAM1 in liver and biliary tract architecture in health and disease, and on its metabolic role and function as an immune checkpoint regulator of hepatic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kristina Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Irvine Hall, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Irvine Hall, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA.
| | - Christoph Wagener
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-33: Novel Players in Sterile Liver Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092732. [PMID: 30213101 PMCID: PMC6163521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In sterile liver inflammation, danger signals are released in response to tissue injury to alert the immune system; e.g., by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recently, IL-33 has been identified as a novel type of danger signal or “alarmin”, which is released from damaged and necrotic cells. IL-33 is a pleiotropic cytokine that targets a broad range of immune cells and exhibits pro- and anti-inflammatory properties dependent on the disease. This review summarizes the immunomodulatory roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-33 in sterile liver inflammation and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways in liver disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mikami Y, Takada Y, Hagihara Y, Kanai T. Innate lymphoid cells in organ fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 42:27-36. [PMID: 30104153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified family of lymphoid effector cells. ILCs are mainly clustered into 3 groups based on their unique cytokine profiles and transcription factors typically attributed to the subsets of T helper cells. ILCs have a critical role in the mucosal immune response through promptly responding to pathogens and producing large amount of effector cytokines of type 1, 2, or 3 responses. In addition to the role of early immune responses against infections, ILCs, particularly group 2 ILCs (ILC2), have recently gained attention for modulating remodeling and fibrosis especially in the mucosal tissues. Herein, we overview the current knowledge in this area, highlighting roles of ILCs on fibrosis in the mucosal tissues, especially focusing on the gut and lung. We also discuss some new directions for future research by extrapolating from knowledge derived from studies on Th cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Takada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Hagihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Horst AK, Wegscheid C, Schaefers C, Schiller B, Neumann K, Lunemann S, Langeneckert AE, Oldhafer KJ, Weiler-Normann C, Lang KS, Singer BB, Altfeld M, Diehl L, Tiegs G. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 controls IL-2-dependent regulatory T-cell induction in immune-mediated hepatitis in mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:200-214. [PMID: 29377208 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A dysbalance between effector T cells (Tconv) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impaired Treg function can cause autoimmune liver disease. Therefore, it is important to identify molecular mechanisms that control Treg homeostasis. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1; CD66a) is an immune coreceptor with dichotomous roles in T-cell regulation: its short isoform (CEACAM1S) can activate T cells and induce Tregs, whereas its long isoform (CEACAM1L), containing two intracellular immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, can inhibit activated T-cell function. In the liver, CEACAM1 has antifibrotic effects in models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, its role in immune-mediated hepatitis is unknown. In the mouse model of concanavalin A-induced CD4+ T-cell-dependent liver injury, liver damage was aggravated and persisted in Ceacam1-/- mice. Concomitantly, we observed hyperexpansion of Tconv, but reduction of interleukin (IL)-2 production and hepatic forkhead box protein P3+ (Foxp3+ )CD4+ Treg numbers. CEACAM1-/- CD4+ T cells showed impaired IL-2-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation, which correlated with a failure of naïve CEACAM1-/- CD4+ T cells to convert into Tregs in vitro. Furthermore, CEACAM1-/- Tregs expressed reduced levels of Foxp3, CD25, and B-cell lymphoma 2. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that hepatic Treg expansion and suppressive activity required CEACAM1 expression on both CD4+ T cells and Tregs. We identified predominant CEACAM1S expression on hepatic CD4+ T cells and Tregs from mice with acute liver injury and expression of both isoforms in liver-derived CD4+ T-cell clones from patients with liver injury. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CEACAM1S expression in CD4+ T cells augments IL-2 production and STAT5 phosphorylation leading to enhanced Treg induction and stability, which, ultimately, confers protection from T-cell-mediated liver injury. (Hepatology 2018;68:200-214).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kristina Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Wegscheid
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaefers
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schiller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika E Langeneckert
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of General & Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Asklepios Campus, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Weiler-Normann
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Diehl
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shen Y, Li J, Wang SQ, Jiang W. Ambiguous roles of innate lymphoid cells in chronic development of liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1962-1977. [PMID: 29760540 PMCID: PMC5949710 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i18.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are defined as a distinct arm of innate immunity. According to their profile of secreted cytokines and lineage-specific transcriptional factors, ILCs can be categorized into the following three groups: group 1 ILCs (including natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s) are dependent on T-bet and can produce interferon-γ; group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) are dependent on GATA3 and can produce type 2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13; and, group 3 ILCs (including lymphoid tissue-like cells and ILC3s) are dependent on RORγt and can produce IL-22 and IL-17. Collaborative with adaptive immunity, ILCs are highly reactive innate effectors that promptly orchestrate immunity, inflammation and tissue repair. Dysregulation of ILCs might result in inflammatory disorders. Evidence regarding the function of intrahepatic ILCs is emerging from longitudinal studies of inflammatory liver diseases wherein they exert both physiological and pathological functions, including immune homeostasis, defenses and surveillance. Their overall effect on the liver depends on the balance of their proinflammatory and antiinflammatory populations, specific microenvironment and stages of immune responses. Here, we review the current data about ILCs in chronic liver disease progression, to reveal their roles in different stages as well as to discuss their therapeutic potency as intervention targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Si-Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vasseur P, Dion S, Filliol A, Genet V, Lucas-Clerc C, Jean-Philippe G, Silvain C, Lecron JC, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M. Endogenous IL-33 has no effect on the progression of fibrosis during experimental steatohepatitis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48563-48574. [PMID: 28611297 PMCID: PMC5564708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 has been recently reported to be strongly pro-fibrogenic in various models of liver disease. Our aim was to study the role of endogenous IL-33 in a diet-induced model of steatohepatitis. IL-33 deficient mice and wild type (WT) littermates received a high-fat diet (HFD), or a standard diet for 12 weeks. The HFD-induced steatohepatitis was associated with an upregulation of IL-33 transcripts and protein. An insulin tolerance test revealed lower systemic insulin sensitivity in IL-33-/—HFD mice than in WT-HFD mice. Nevertheless, IL-33 deficiency did not affect the severity of liver inflammation by histological and transcriptomic analyses, nor the quantity of liver fibrosis. Livers from HFD mice had more myeloid populations, markedly fewer NKT cells and higher proportion of ST2+ Treg cells and ST2+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), all unaffected by IL-33 deficiency. In conclusion, deficiency of endogenous IL-33 does not affect the evolution of experimental diet-induced steatohepatitis towards liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vasseur
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Nord Deux-Sèvres, Thouars, France.,Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sarah Dion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aveline Filliol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Valentine Genet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Lucas-Clerc
- Service de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Girard Jean-Philippe
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Silvain
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement & Travail, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nausch N, Mutapi F. Group 2 ILCs: A way of enhancing immune protection against human helminths? Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12450. [PMID: 28626924 PMCID: PMC5811928 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play crucial roles in type 2 immune responses associated with allergic and autoimmune diseases, viral and helminth infections and tissue homoeostasis. Experimental models show that in helminth infections ILC2s provide an early source of type 2 cytokines and therefore are essential for the induction of potentially protective type 2 responses. Much of our knowledge of ILC2s in helminth infections has come from experimental mouse models with very few studies analysing ILC2s in natural human infections. In attempts to harness knowledge from paradigms of the development of protective immunity in human helminth infections for vaccine development, the role of ILC2 cells could be pivotal. So far, potential vaccines against human helminth infections have failed to provide effective protection when evaluated in human studies. In addition to appropriate antigen selection, it is apparent that more detailed knowledge on mechanisms of induction and maintenance of protective immune responses is required. Therefore, there is need to understand how ILC2 cells induce type 2 responses and subsequently support the development of a protective immune response in the context of immunizations. Within this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biology of ILC2s, discuss the importance of ILC2s in human helminth infections and explore how ILC2 responses could be boosted to efficiently induce protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Nausch
- Pediatric Pneumology and Infectious Diseases Group, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric CardiologyUniversity Children's Hospital, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DuesseldorfDuesseldorfGermany
| | - F. Mutapi
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and EvolutionSchool of Biological Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Human intrahepatic ILC2 are IL-13positive amphiregulinpositive and their frequency correlates with model of end stage liver disease score. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188649. [PMID: 29261670 PMCID: PMC5736232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have been implicated in the initiation of inflammation and fibrosis in mice. However, ILC have not been characterized in inflamed human liver tissue. Methods Human intrahepatic lymphocytes were isolated by mechanical digestion and phenotyped by flow cytometry. Conditioned medium from cultures of primary human biliary epithelial cells, stellate cells, fibroblasts and inflamed human liver tissue was used to model the effects of the inflammatory liver environment of ILC phenotype and function. Results All three ILC subsets were present in the human liver, with the ILC1 (CRTH2negCD117neg) subset constituting around 70% of intrahepatic ILCs. Both NCRpos (NKp44+) and NCRneg ILC3 (CRTH2negCD117pos) subsets were also detected. ILC2 (CRTH2pos) frequency correlated with disease severity measured by model of end stage liver disease (MELD) scoring leading us to study this subset in more detail. ILC2 displayed a tissue resident CD69+ CD161++ phenotype and expressed chemokine receptor CCR6 allowing them to respond to CCL20 secreted by cholangiocytes and stellate cells. ILC2 expressed integrins VLA-5 and VLA-6 and the IL-2 and IL-7 cytokine receptors CD25 and CD127 although IL-2 and IL-7 were barely detectable in inflamed liver tissue. Although biliary epithelial cells secrete IL-33, intrahepatic ILC2 had low expression of the ST2 receptor. Intrahepatic ILC2 secreted the immunoregulatory and repair cytokines IL-13 and amphiregulin. Conclusions Intrahepatic ILC2 express receptors allowing them to be recruited to bile ducts in inflamed portal tracts. Their frequencies increased with worsening liver function. Their secretion of IL-13 and amphiregulin suggests they may be recruited to promote resolution and repair and thereby they may contribute to ongoing fibrogenesis in liver disease.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Recent years have seen a marked increase in our understanding of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs can be classified into different groups based on their similarity to T cell subsets in terms of their expression of key transcription factors and cytokine production. Various immunological functions of ILCs have been described, and increasing numbers of studies have implicated these cells in inflammatory disorders. Here, we detail the roles of ILCs in inflammatory diseases; we cover type 2 inflammatory diseases (such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and atopic dermatitis), as well as inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriasis and other systemic or organ-specific inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Future directions in the field are discussed, together with potential avenues of treatment.
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu M, Zhang C. The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Immune-Mediated Liver Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:695. [PMID: 28659927 PMCID: PMC5468686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified group of innate immune cells lacking antigen-specific receptors that can mediate immune responses and regulate tissue homeostasis and inflammation. ILCs comprise group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs, and group 3 ILCs. These ILCs usually localize at mucosal surfaces and combat pathogens by the rapid release of certain cytokines. However, the uncontrolled activation of ILCs can also lead to damaging inflammation, especially in the gut, lung, and skin. Although the physiological and pathogenic roles of ILCs in liver diseases have been attracting increasing attention recently, there has been no systematic review regarding the roles of ILCs in immune-mediated liver diseases. Here, we review the relationships between the ILC subsets and their functions in immune-mediated liver diseases, and discuss their therapeutic potential based on current knowledge about the functional roles of these cells in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li S, Yang D, Peng T, Wu Y, Tian Z, Ni B. Innate lymphoid cell-derived cytokines in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2017; 83:62-72. [PMID: 28479212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most recently recognized types of immune cells, the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), have been sub-divided according to respective distinct expression profiles of regulatory factors or/and cytokines. ILCs have also been shown to participate in a variety of beneficial immune responses, including participation in attack against pathogens and mediation of the pre-inflammatory and inflammatory responses through their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. As such, while the ILCs exert protective effects they may also become detrimental upon dysregulation. Indeed, recent studies of the ILCs have revealed a strong association with the advent and pathogenesis of several common autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Though the ILCs belong to lineage negative cells that are distinctive from the Th cells, the profiles of secreted cytokines from the ILCs overlap with those of the corresponding Th subsets. Nevertheless, considering that the ILCs belong to the innate immune system and the Th cells belong to the adaptive immune system, it is expected that the ILCs should function at the early stage of diseases and the Th cells should exert predominant effects at the late stage of diseases. Therefore, it is intriguing to consider targeting of ILCs for therapy by targeting the corresponding cytokines at the early stage of diseases, with the late stage cytokine targeting mainly influencing the Th cells' function. Here, we review the knowledge to date on the roles of ILCs in various autoimmune diseases and discuss their potential as new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Li
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Battalion 3 of Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Tingwei Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Battalion 3 of Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|