1
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Schuster C, Kiaf B, Hatzihristidis T, Ruckdeschel A, Nieves-Bonilla J, Ishikawa Y, Zhao B, Zheng P, Love PE, Kissler S. CD5 Controls Gut Immunity by Shaping the Cytokine Profile of Intestinal T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906499. [PMID: 35720357 PMCID: PMC9201032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD5 is constitutively expressed on all T cells and is a negative regulator of lymphocyte function. However, the full extent of CD5 function in immunity remains unclear. CD5 deficiency impacts thymic selection and extra-thymic regulatory T cell generation, yet CD5 knockout was reported to cause no immune pathology. Here we show that CD5 is a key modulator of gut immunity. We generated mice with inducible CD5 knockdown (KD) in the autoimmune-prone nonobese diabetic (NOD) background. CD5 deficiency caused T cell-dependent wasting disease driven by chronic gut immune dysregulation. CD5 inhibition also exacerbated acute experimental colitis. Mechanistically, loss of CD5 increased phospho-Stat3 levels, leading to elevated IL-17A secretion. Our data reveal a new facet of CD5 function in shaping the T cell cytokine profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Schuster
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Badr Kiaf
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Teri Hatzihristidis
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anna Ruckdeschel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peilin Zheng
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Paul E. Love
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Stephan Kissler,
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2
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Burgueño-Bucio E, Mier-Aguilar CA, Soldevila G. The multiple faces of CD5. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:891-904. [PMID: 30676652 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0618-226r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, over 30 years ago, CD5 has been used as a marker to identify T cells, B1-a cells, and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Throughout the years, many studies have described the functional relevance of CD5 as a modulator of T and B cell receptor signaling. However, it has not been until recent years that CD5 has emerged as a functional receptor in other areas of the immune system. Here, we review some of the most important aspects of CD5 as a modulator of TCR and BCR signaling, cell survival receptor both in T and B cells during health and disease, as well as the newly discovered roles of this receptor in thymocyte selection, T cell effector differentiation, and immune tolerance. CD5 was found to promote T cell survival by protecting autoreactive T cell from activation-induced cell death, to promote de novo induction of regulatory T cells in the periphery, to modulate Th17 and Th2 differentiation, and to modulate immune responses by modulating dendritic cell functions. CD5 is overexpressed in Tregs and Bregs, which are fundamental to maintain immune homeostasis. The newly established roles of CD5 in modulating different aspects of immune responses identify this receptor as an immune checkpoint modulator, and therefore it could be used as a target for immune intervention in different pathologies such as cancer, autoimmune diseases or infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Burgueño-Bucio
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Mier-Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Nakahama T, Kato Y, Kim JI, Vongpipatana T, Suzuki Y, Walkley CR, Kawahara Y. ADAR1-mediated RNA editing is required for thymic self-tolerance and inhibition of autoimmunity. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846303. [PMID: 30361393 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a crucial role in the adaptive immune system, and their maturation process is tightly regulated. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the enzyme responsible for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in dsRNAs, and loss of ADAR1 activates the innate immune sensing response via melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), which interprets unedited dsRNA as non-self. Although ADAR1 is highly expressed in the thymus, its role in the adaptive immune system, especially in T cells, remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that T cell-specific deletion of Adar1 in mice causes abnormal thymic T cell maturation including impaired negative selection and autoimmunity such as spontaneous colitis. This is caused by excessive expression of interferon-stimulated genes, which reduces T cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction, due to a failure of RNA editing in ADAR1-deficient thymocytes. Intriguingly, concurrent deletion of MDA5 restores thymocyte maturation and prevents colitis. These findings suggest that prevention of MDA5 sensing of endogenous dsRNA by ADAR1-mediated RNA editing is required for preventing both innate immune responses and T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Nakahama
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jung In Kim
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tuangtong Vongpipatana
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - Yukio Kawahara
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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4
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CD5-CK2 Signaling Modulates Erk Activation and Thymocyte Survival. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168155. [PMID: 28030587 PMCID: PMC5193405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 is well recognized for its importance in thymic selection. Although this property of CD5 has been attributed to its ITIM-domain dependent regulation of TCR-signal strength, the mechanism has not been established. A second major signaling domain within the cytoplasmic tail of CD5 is a CK2 binding/activation domain (CD5-CK2BD). Using a gene-targeted mouse in which the CD5-CK2BD is selectively ablated (CD5-ΔCK2BD), we determined that loss of function of CD5-CK2 signaling in a MHC-II selecting TCR transgenic (OT-II) mouse resulted in decrease in double positive (DP) thymocytes, which correlated with enhanced apoptosis. Remarkably, DP cells expressing high levels of CD5 and CD69 and single positive (CD4+SP) thymocytes were increased in CD5-ΔCK2BD mice indicating that CD5-CK2 signaling regulates positive selection and promotes survival. Consistent with this possibility, we determined that the activation and nuclear localization of ERK as well as apoptosis was greater in thymic populations from OTII CD5-ΔCK2BD mice than OTII CD5-WT mice following injection of OVA323-339-peptide. The mobilization of Ca2+, an early event of TCR activation, was not altered by the loss of CD5-CK2 signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the CD5-CK2 signaling axis regulates positive selection by modulating activation of ERK and promoting survival independent of proximal TCR signals.
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5
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Mier-Aguilar CA, Vega-Baray B, Burgueño-Bucio E, Lozano F, García-Zepeda EA, Raman C, Soldevila G. Functional requirement of tyrosine residue 429 within CD5 cytoplasmic domain for regulation of T cell activation and survival. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:381-7. [PMID: 26363459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CD5 has been mainly described as a negative regulator of TCR and BCR signaling and recent evidence has shown an important role for this receptor in delivering pro-survival signals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unresolved. TCR crosslinking leads to phosphorylation of three tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic tail of CD5 (Y429, Y441 and Y463) leading to the recruitment of signaling molecules like PI3K, c-Cbl and RasGAP; nevertheless, the role of these residues in T cell survival has not yet been assessed. In this study, we show that alanine-scanning mutagenesis of such tyrosine residues, either singly or in combination, leads to an increased thymocyte cell death with or without α-CD3 stimulation. Remarkably, the T-cell death observed with each individual tyrosine mutant was Caspase 3-independent. Furthermore, Y429 mutation resulted in a hyper-phosphorylation of ERK suggesting that this tyrosine residue regulates cell survival through down modulation of TCR signaling. Mutation of Y441 or Y463 did not induce hyper-responsiveness to TCR activation, indicating that they promoted T-cell survival by a TCR signal-independent pathway. Our results show that three tyrosine-based domains within CD5 cytoplasmic tail promote T-cell survival through non-overlapping mechanisms. This study also reveals that Y429 domain of CD5, previously described as a "pseudo ITAM", is functionally an ITIM domain in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Mier-Aguilar
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Vega-Baray
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Erica Burgueño-Bucio
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigaciones Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBABS), Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Eduardo A García-Zepeda
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Chander Raman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine, and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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6
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Persaud SP, Parker CR, Lo WL, Weber KS, Allen PM. Intrinsic CD4+ T cell sensitivity and response to a pathogen are set and sustained by avidity for thymic and peripheral complexes of self peptide and MHC. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:266-74. [PMID: 24487322 PMCID: PMC3944141 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) with complexes of self peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are crucial to T cell development, but their role in peripheral T cell responses remains unclear. Specific and nonspecific stimulation of LLO56 and LLO118 T cells, which transgenically express a TCR specific for the same Listeria monocytogenes epitope, elicited distinct interleukin 2 (IL-2) and phosphorylated kinase Erk responses, the strength of which was set in the thymus and maintained in the periphery in proportion to the avidity of the binding of the TCR to the self peptide-MHC complex. Deprivation of self peptide-MHC substantially compromised the population expansion of LLO56 T cells in response to L. monocytogenes in vivo. Despite their very different self-reactivity, LLO56 T cells and LLO118 T cells bound cognate peptide-MHC with an identical affinity, which challenges associations made between these parameters. Our findings highlight a crucial role for selecting ligands encountered during thymic 'education' in determining the intrinsic functionality of CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Persaud
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chelsea R Parker
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wan-Lin Lo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Paul M Allen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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Ordoñez-Rueda D, Lozano F, Sarukhan A, Raman C, Garcia-Zepeda EA, Soldevila G. Increased numbers of thymic and peripheral CD4+
CD25+
Foxp3+
cells in the absence of CD5 signaling. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:2233-47. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200839053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Garza-Garcia A, Esposito D, Rieping W, Harris R, Briggs C, Brown MH, Driscoll PC. Three-dimensional solution structure and conformational plasticity of the N-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of human CD5. J Mol Biol 2008; 378:129-44. [PMID: 18339402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte receptor CD5 influences cell activation by modifying the strength of the intracellular response initiated by antigen engagement. Regulation through CD5 involves the interaction of one or more of its three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains present in the extracellular region. Here, we present the 3D solution structure of a non-glycosylated double mutant of the N-terminal domain of human CD5 expressed in Escherichia coli (eCD5d1m), which has enhanced solubility compared to the non-glycosylated wild-type (eCD5d1). In common with a glycosylated form expressed in Pichia pastoris, the [(15)N,(1)H]-correlation spectra of both eCD5d1 and eCD5d1m exhibit non-uniform temperature-dependent signal intensities, indicating extensive conformational fluctuations on the micro-millisecond timescale. Although approximately one half of the signals expected for the domain are absent at 298 K, essentially complete resonance assignments and a solution structure could be obtained at 318 K. Because of the sparse nature of the experimental restraint data and the potentially important contribution of conformational exchange to the nuclear Overhauser effect peak intensity, we applied inferential structure determination to calculate the eCD5d1m structure. The inferential structure determination ensemble has similar features to that obtained by traditional simulated annealing methods, but displays superior definition and structural quality. The eCD5d1m structure is similar to other members of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily, but the position of the lone alpha helix differs due to interactions with the unique N-terminal region of the domain. The availability of an experimentally tractable form of CD5d1, together with its 3D structure, provides new tools for further investigation of its function within intact CD5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acely Garza-Garcia
- Division of Molecular Structure, National Institute for Medical Research, Medical Research Council, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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9
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Priatel JJ, Chen X, Dhanji S, Abraham N, Teh HS. RasGRP1 Transmits Prodifferentiation TCR Signaling That Is Crucial for CD4 T Cell Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:1470-80. [PMID: 16849453 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.3.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
TCR signaling plays a governing role in both the survival and differentiation of bipotent double-positive thymocytes into the CD4(+) and CD8(+) single-positive T cell lineages. A central mediator of this developmental program is the small GTPase Ras, emitting cytoplasmic signals through downstream MAPK pathways and eventually affecting gene expression. TCR signal transduction orchestrates the activation of Ras by integrating at least two Ras-guanyl nucleotide exchange factors, RasGRP1 and Sos. In this study, we have characterized the relationship between RasGRP1 function and its potential roles in promoting ERK activity, cell survival, maturation, and lineage commitment. Investigations on RasGRP1(-/-) mice expressing a transgenic (Tg) MHC class II-restricted TCR revealed that the development of CD4 T cells expressing this Tg TCR is completely dependent on RasGRP1. Unexpectedly, a small number of functional CD8 single-positive thymocytes expressing the Tg MHC class II-restricted TCR exists in mutant mice. In addition, RasGRP1(-/-) double-positive thymocytes exhibit marked deficits in TCR-stimulated up-regulation of the positive selection marker CD69 and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, whereas CD5 induction is unaffected. To evaluate the role of RasGRP1 in providing cellular survival signaling, we enforced Bcl-2 expression in RasGRP1(-/-) thymocytes. These studies demonstrate that RasGRP1 function cannot be fully complemented by Tg Bcl-2 expression. Therefore, we propose that RasGRP1 transmits differentiation signaling critically required for CD4 T cell development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/deficiency
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/physiology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/physiology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/enzymology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- ras Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Priatel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Evans DM, Zhu G, Duffy DL, Frazer IH, Montgomery GW, Martin NG. A major quantitative trait locus for CD4-CD8 ratio is located on chromosome 11. Genes Immun 2005; 5:548-52. [PMID: 15306848 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CD4-CD8 ratio is an important diagnostic measure of immune system functioning. In particular, CD4-CD8 ratio predicts the time taken for progression of HIV infection to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the long-term survival of AIDS patients. To map genes that regulate differences between healthy individuals in CD4-CD8 ratio, we typed 757 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers at an average spacing of approximately 5 cM across the genome in 405 pairs of dizygotic twins at ages 12, 14 and 16. We used multipoint variance components linkage analysis to test for linkage between marker loci and CD4-CD8 ratio at each age. We found suggestive evidence of linkage on chromosome 11p in 12-year-old twins (LOD=2.55, P=0.00031) and even stronger evidence of linkage in the same region at age 14 (LOD=3.51, P=0.00003). Possible candidate genes include CD5 and CD6, which encode cell membrane proteins involved in the positive selection of thymocytes. We also found suggestive evidence of linkage at other areas of the genome including regions on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 15, 17 and 22.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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11
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Nishida T, Matsuki Y, Ono T, Oguma T, Tsujimoto K, Sato M, Tadakuma T. The Novel Murine CD4+CD8+ Thymocyte Cell Line Exhibits Lineage Commitment into Both CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells by Altering the Intensity and the Duration of Anti-CD3 Stimulation In Vitro. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6634-41. [PMID: 15153478 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.6634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocyte cell line, 257-20-109 was established from BALB/c mice thymocytes and used to analyze the requirements to induce CD4 or CD8 single-positive (SP) T cells. CD4SP cells were induced from 257-20-109 cells by anti-CD3 stimulation in the presence of the FcR-positive macrophage cell line, P388D1. During stimulation, maturation events, such as the down-regulation of CD24 and the up-regulation of CD69, H-2D(d), CD5, and Bcl-2, were recognized. Furthermore, these CD4SP cells appeared to be functional because the cells produced IL-2 and IL-4 when activated with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore. In contrast, CD8SP cells could be induced by stimulation with fixed anti-CD3 after removal of stimulation. To investigate the extent of signals required for CD4SP and CD8SP, the cells stimulated under either condition for 2 days were sorted and transferred to different culture conditions. These results suggested that the fate of lineage commitment was determined within 2 days, and that CD4 lineage commitment required longer activation. Furthermore, the experiments with subclones of 257-20-109 demonstrated that the lower density of CD3 did not shift the cells from CD4SP to CD8SP, but only reduced the amount of CD4SP cells. In contrast, when the 257-20-109 cells were stimulated by the combination of fixed anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, the majority of the cells shifted to CD4SP, with an enhancement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 phosphorylation. Our results indicate that the signals via TCR/CD3 alone shifted the double-positive cells to CD8SP cells, but the reinforced signals via TCR/CD3 and costimulator could commit the cells to CD4SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishida
- Department of Parasitology and Immunology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Stievano L, Tosello V, Marcato N, Rosato A, Sebelin A, Chieco-Bianchi L, Amadori A. CD8+αβ+T Cells That Lack Surface CD5 Antigen Expression Are a Major Lymphotactin (XCL1) Source in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 171:4528-38. [PMID: 14568926 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.9.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To better characterize the cellular source of lymphotactin (XCL1), we compared XCL1 expression in different lymphocyte subsets by real-time PCR. XCL1 was constitutively expressed in both PBMC and CD4(+) cells, but its expression was almost 2 log higher in CD8(+) cells. In vitro activation was associated with a substantial increase in XCL1 expression in both PBMC and CD8(+) cells, but not in CD4(+) lymphocytes. The preferential expression of XCL1 in CD8(+) cells was confirmed by measuring XCL1 production in culture supernatants, and a good correlation was found between figures obtained by real-time PCR and XCL1 contents. XCL1 expression was mostly confined to a CD3(+)CD8(+) subset not expressing CD5, where XCL1 expression equaled that shown by gammadelta(+) T cells. Compared with the CD5(+) counterpart, CD3(+)CD8(+)CD5(-) cells, which did not express CD5 following in vitro activation, showed preferential expression of the alphaalpha form of CD8 and a lower expression of molecules associated with a noncommitted/naive phenotype, such as CD62L. CD3(+)CD8(+)CD5(-) cells also expressed higher levels of the XCL1 receptor; in addition, although not differing from CD3(+)CD8(+)CD5(+) cells in terms of the expression of most alpha- and beta-chemokines, they showed higher expression of CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. These data show that TCR alphabeta-expressing lymphocytes that lack CD5 expression are a major XCL1 source, and that the contribution to its synthesis by different TCR alphabeta-expressing T cell subsets, namely CD4(+) lymphocytes, is negligible. In addition, they point to the CD3(+)CD8(+)CD5(-) population as a particular T cell subset within the CD8(+) compartment, whose functional properties deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stievano
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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13
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Gimferrer I, Farnós M, Calvo M, Mittelbrunn M, Enrich C, Sánchez-Madrid F, Vives J, Lozano F. The accessory molecules CD5 and CD6 associate on the membrane of lymphoid T cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:8564-71. [PMID: 12473675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m209591200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 and CD6 are closely related lymphocyte surface receptors of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily, which show highly homologous extracellular regions but little conserved cytoplasmic tails. Both molecules are expressed on the same lymphocyte populations (thymocytes, mature T cells, and B1a cells) and share similar co-stimulatory properties on mature T cells. Although several works have been reported on the molecular associations and the signaling pathway mediated by CD5, very limited information is available for CD6 in this regard. Here we show the physical association of CD5 and CD6 at the cell membrane of lymphocytes, as well as their localization at the immunological synapse. CD5 and CD6 co-immunoprecipitate from Brij 96 but not Nonidet P-40 cell lysates, independently of both the co-expression of other lymphocyte surface receptors and the integrity of CD5 cytoplasmic region. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis, co-capping, and co-modulation experiments demonstrate the physical in vivo association of CD5 and CD6. Analysis of T cell/antigen-presenting cells conjugates shows the accumulation of both molecules at the immunological synapse. These results indicate that CD5 and CD6 are structurally and physically related receptors, which may be functionally linked to provide either similar or complementary accessory signals during T cell activation and/or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Gimferrer
- Servei d'Immunologia, Institut Clinic d'Infeccions i Immunologia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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Berney SM, Schaan T, Wolf RE, Kimpel DL, van der Heyde H, Atkinson TP. CD5 (OKT1) augments CD3-mediated intracellular signaling events in human T lymphocytes. Inflammation 2001; 25:215-21. [PMID: 11580097 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010919719200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
CD5 is expressed on thymocytes, all mature T cells, and a subset of mature B cells, and probably contributes to T-cell-B-cell adhesion. We assessed whether CD5-crosslinking by mAb augments T-cell stimulation. Plate-bound anti-CD5 or anti-CD3 mAb alone had no effect on any of the assessed activation parameters of resting T cells. However, concomitant signaling through both CD5 and CD3 by plate-bound antibodies resulted in marked increases in T-cell surface CD69 expression and T-cell metabolism, as assessed by the T cell's ability to reduce 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxylmethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) to formazen. In addition, simultaneous cross-linking of CD5 and CD3 caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in resting T cells compared to stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb alone or anti-CD3 mAb plus anti-CD5 isotype control antibody. These results indicate that CD5 augments signaling through CD3 and consequently functions as a costimulatory molecule for resting T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Berney
- Department of Medicine-Section of Rheumatology/Center of Excellence for Arthritis and Rheumatology, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.
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