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De Donato DP, Effner R, Nordengrün M, Lechner A, Darisipudi MN, Volz T, Hagl B, Bröker BM, Renner ED. Staphylococcus aureus Serine protease-like protein A (SplA) induces IL-8 by keratinocytes and synergizes with IL-17A. Cytokine 2024; 180:156634. [PMID: 38810500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine protease-like (Spl) proteins produced by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus have been associated with allergic inflammation. However, effects of Spls on the epidermal immune response have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES To assess the epidermal immune response to SplA, SplD and SplE dependent on differentiation of keratinocytes and a Th2 or Th17 cytokine milieu. METHODS Human keratinocytes of healthy controls and a STAT3-hyper-IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES) patient were cultured in different calcium concentrations in the presence of Spls and Th2 or Th17 cytokines. Keratinocyte-specific IL-8 production and concomitant migration of neutrophils were assessed. RESULTS SplE and more significantly SplA, induced IL-8 in keratinocytes. Suprabasal-like keratinocytes showed a higher Spl-mediated IL-8 production and neutrophil migration compared to basal-like keratinocytes. Th17 cytokines amplified Spl-mediated IL-8 production, which correlated with neutrophil recruitment. Neutrophil recruitment by keratinocytes of the STAT3-HIES patient was similar to healthy control cells. CONCLUSION S. aureus-specific Spl proteases synergized with IL-17A on human keratinocytes with respect to IL-8 release and neutrophil migration, highlighting the importance of keratinocytes and Th17 immunity in barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P De Donato
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - R Effner
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - M Nordengrün
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Lechner
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - M N Darisipudi
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Volz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Hagl
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - B M Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - E D Renner
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Artuc M, Zuberbier T, Peiser M. Nickel Challenge In Vitro Affects CD38 and HLA-DR Expression in T Cell Subpopulations from the Blood of Patients with Nickel Allergy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:298. [PMID: 38203472 PMCID: PMC10778727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nickel allergy is a major health problem and shows clinical manifestation of contact eczema. The response of specific lymphocyte subpopulations in sensitized patients after new challenge to nickel has until now not been studied in detail. To evaluate if nickel-based elicitation reaction could be objectively identified by multi-parametric flow cytometry, immunophenotyping of specific T cells was applied. White blood cells from 7 patients (4 positive in patch test, 3 negative) were challenged by nickel and in vitro short-term culture. Standardized antibody-dye combinations, specific for T helper(h)1, Th17 and cytotoxic T cell activation, were selected according to the recommendations of Stanford Human Immune Monitoring Center. In cytotoxic CD8+CCR7+CD45RA+ T cells from patients suffering from nickel allergy, CD38 and HLA-DR were elevated comparing to healthy donors. After challenge to nickel in vitro both markers decreased in CD8+CCR7+CD45RA+ T cells but found up-regulated in CD4+CCR7+CD45RA+CCR6-CXCR3+Th1 cells. Intracellular expression of T-bet and RORγt further indicated Th1 and Th17 cells. Finally, CD4+CD25+CCR4- T cells increased after challenge with nickel in PBMCs of patients with nickel allergy. Flow cytometry based quantification of T cell markers might be used as a specific and reliable method to detect chemical induced skin sensitization and confirm diagnostic patch testing in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Artuc
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Berlin Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Peiser
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Sadrolvaezin A, Pezhman A, Zare I, Nasab SZ, Chamani S, Naghizadeh A, Mostafavi E. Systemic allergic contact dermatitis to palladium, platinum, and titanium: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, prevalence, and therapeutic approaches. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e386. [PMID: 37873514 PMCID: PMC10590457 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact dermatitis (CD) is an inflammatory skin disease of eczema that is elicited by chemicals or metal ions that have toxic effects without eliciting a T-cell response (contact elicitation) or by small reactive chemicals that modify proteins and induce innate and adaptive immune responses (contact allergens). The clinical condition is characterized by localized skin rash, pruritus, redness, swelling, and lesions, which are mainly detected by patch tests and lymphocyte stimulation. Heavy metals such as palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and titanium (Ti) are ubiquitous in our environment. These heavy metals have shown CD effects as allergic agents. Immunological responses result from the interaction of cytokines and T cells. Occupational metal CD accounts for most cases of work-related cutaneous disorders. In this systematic review, the allergic effects of heavy metals, including Pd, Pt, and Ti, and the mechanisms, clinical manifestations, prevalence, and therapeutic approaches are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the therapeutic approaches introduced to treat CD, including corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, systemic immunosuppressive agents, phototherapy, and antihistamines, can be effective in the treatment of these diseases in the future. Ultimately, the insights identified could lead to improved therapeutic and diagnostic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sadrolvaezin
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Arezou Pezhman
- School of MedicineZahedan Azad University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development DepartmentSina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd.ShirazIran
| | - Shima Zahed Nasab
- Department of Life Science EngineeringFaculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Sajad Chamani
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Ali Naghizadeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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Wang G, Shen T, Huang X, Luo Z, Tan Y, He G, Wang Z, Li P, Liu X, Yu X, Zhang B, Zhou H, Luo X, Yang X. Autophagy involvement in T lymphocyte signalling induced by nickel with quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113878. [PMID: 35849902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common skin disease. The mechanism by which nickel causes ACD is not clear. There is no treatment for it, only symptomatic therapy. However, due to the lifetime sensitization characteristics, the recurrence rate in patients is high. T lymphocytes play a key role in nickel-induced ACD. Elucidating the potential mechanism underlying nickel-induced T lymphocyte signalling might make it possible to achieve targeted treatment of nickel-induced ACD. In our study, a phosphoproteomic approach based on tandem mass tag (TMT) labelling and LCMS/MS analyses was employed. An animal model of nickel allergy was established. Splenic T lymphocytes were purified for quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis. The numbers of phosphoproteins, phosphopeptides and phosphosites identified in this study were 3072, 7977 and 10,200, respectively. Comprehensive gene ontology (GO) analysis combined with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that nickel can significantly affect the phosphorylation of the mTOR signalling pathway in T lymphocytes. Western blotting analysis was used to detect changes in the expression of autophagy-related proteins (Beclin 1, LC3II, and p62). Nickel allergy changed autophagy-related protein expression (p < 0.05). It has been demonstrated that nickel causes autophagy of T lymphocytes in the spleen. Using autophagy inhibitors to intervene, it was found that Th1 differentiation was inhibited, and the expression of Th1-related inflammatory factors was downregulated. Overall, the identification of relevant signalling pathways yielded new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying nickel allergy and might help in the discovery and development of mechanism-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulong Tan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Genlin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeze Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xueting Yu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xuesen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Suljevic O, Fischerauer SF, Weinberg AM, Sommer NG. Immunological reaction to magnesium-based implants for orthopedic applications. What do we know so far? A systematic review on in vivo studies. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100315. [PMID: 35757033 PMCID: PMC9214802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-based implants (Mg) became an attractive candidate in orthopedic surgery due to their valuable properties, such as osteoconductivity, biodegradability, elasticity and mechanical strength. However, previous studies on biodegradable and non-biodegradable metal implants showed that these materials are not inert when placed in vivo as they interact with host defensive mechanisms. The aim of this study was to systematically review available in vivo studies with Mg-based implants that investigated immunological reactions to these implants. The following questions were raised: Do different types of Mg-based implants in terms of shape, size and alloying system cause different extent of immune response? and; Are there missing links to properly understand immunological reactions upon implantation and degradation of Mg-based implants? The database used for the literature research was PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) and it was undertaken in the end of 2021. The inclusion criteria comprised (i) in vivo studies with bony implantation of Mg-based implants and (ii) analysis of the presence of local immune cells or systemic inflammatory parameters. We further excluded any studies involving coated Mg-implants, in vitro studies, and studies in which the implants had no bone contact. The systematic search process was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Initially, the search yielded 225 original articles. After reading each article, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were included in the systematic review. In the available studies, Mg-based implants were not found to cause any severe inflammatory reaction, and only a mild to moderate inflammatory potential was attributed to the material. The timeline of foreign body giant cell formation showed to be different between the reviewed studies. The variety of degradation kinetics of different tested implants and discrepancies in studies regarding the time points of immunological investigations impair the conclusion of immunological reactions. This may be induced by different physical properties of an implant such as size, shape and alloying system. Further research is essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which implant degradation affects the immune system. Also, better understanding will facilitate the decision of patients whether to undergo surgery with new device implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Suljevic
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan F Fischerauer
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Annelie M Weinberg
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole G Sommer
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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6
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Rustemeyer T. Immunological Mechanisms in Allergic Contact Dermatitis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-022-00299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of the review
The understanding of the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) has increased dramatically.
Recent findings
Besides CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, other cell types such as innate lymphoid cells, natural killer T cells (NKT), natural killer cells, and T regulatory cells have emerged as crucial key players. New immunological insights have unravelled that the predominant effector cell type determines the clinical pictures. Hence, a better understanding of the involvement of distinct effector cells has shed light on the diversity of ACD reactions and subsequent clinical pictures. Another new perspective has arisen in the elicitation phase. Here, Langerhans cells can play a role in the development of immune tolerance and not, as previously thought, exclusively in the allergen-driven hypersensitivity reaction. B cells also appear to play an important role in triggering ACD by secreting IgM antibodies in response to interleukin (IL)-4 produced by NKT cells, leading to complement activation and chemotaxis of immune cells.
Summary
Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction triggered by skin contact with the chemical of interest in individuals previously sensitised to the same or a chemically related substance. The understanding of the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis has improved considerably. In addition to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, other cell types such as natural killer T cells (NKT) and regulatory T cells have emerged as important participants. The binding of haptens is the first step in the development of allergic contact dermatitis. Haptens are low molecular weight (mostly <500 Dalton) chemicals that are able to penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin or can enter the body upon systemic administration. Haptens are not immunogenic per se but can be effectively recognised by the immune system after binding to a protein carrier. In the clinically inapparent sensitisation phase, Langerhans cells and dendritic cells initiate an adaptive immune response by capturing and processing antigens and presenting them to naïve T cells in the paracortical regions of the lymph nodes. In the elicitation phase, the clinical manifestations of allergic contact dermatitis are the result of a T cell-mediated inflammatory response that occurs in the skin upon re-exposure to the bite and is mediated by the activation of bite-specific T cells in the skin or other organs.
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Virgens AR, Goes HFO, de Carvalho GC, Pietrobon AJ, C C Branco AC, Ramos YAL, Pereira NV, Orfali RL, Aoki V, da Silva LFF, Sotto MN, Dos Reis VMS, Sato MN. Perivascular clusters of Th2 cells and M2 macrophages in allergic contact dermatitis to methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:191-201. [PMID: 34358352 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylisothiazolinone (MI) and Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) are among the most common skin sensitizers, yet the immunological events that occur during MCI/MI allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To analyse dendrocytes, macrophage subtypes and T cells in skin during the elicitation phase of MCI/MI ACD. METHODS Thirteen patients with positive patch test reactions to MCI/MI (ACD group) and 11 individuals with negative patch test results were selected. Skin biopsies were only performed at 48 hours of patch testing. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to assess T cells, dendrocytes (Factor XIIIa), M1 (p-Stat1, CD68) and M2 (c-Maf, CD163) macrophages. Transcriptional analyses were performed for cytokines and related factors, and further compared to atopic dermatitis samples (n=4). Immunofluorescence assays addressed T cells location, along with IL-4 or IL-13, within the skin. RESULTS MCI/MI elicited dermal dendrocytes and macrophages, pronouncedly the M2 subtype. T cells, majorly CD4+ T cells, accumulated in the perivascular areas. Similarly, abundant IL-4 protein was detected in these areas. There was an upregulation of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression, a mild increase in IFNG mRNA levels and a down-regulation of RORC in the ACD group. Immunofluorescence revealed dermal clusters of T cells co-localized with IL-4. CONCLUSIONS M2 macrophages and Th2 cells participate in the immunopathogenesis of MCI/MI ACD. Dermal dendrocytes and M2 macrophages may assist the formation of CD4+ T cells perivascular clusters. These findings render a mechanistic insight into the MCI/MI reaction. Further analysis at different timepoints of patch testing is required to fully comprehend this ACD kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anangélica R Virgens
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Heliana F O Goes
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia C C Branco
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yasmim A L Ramos
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiura V Pereira
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel L Orfali
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mirian N Sotto
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor M S Dos Reis
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria N Sato
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Keratinocytes Regulate the Threshold of Inflammation by Inhibiting T Cell Effector Functions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071606. [PMID: 34206914 PMCID: PMC8306889 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst the importance of keratinocytes as a first-line defense has been widely investigated, little is known about their interactions with non-resident immune cells. In this study, the impact of human keratinocytes on T cell effector functions was analyzed in an antigen-specific in vitro model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to nickel sulfate. Keratinocytes partially inhibited T cell proliferation and cytokine production. This effect was dependent on the keratinocyte/T cell ratio and was partially reversible by increasing the number of autologous dendritic cells. The inhibition of T cell proliferation by keratinocytes was independent of the T cell subtype and antigen presentation by different professional antigen-presenting cells. Autologous and heterologous keratinocytes showed comparable effects, while the fixation of keratinocytes with paraformaldehyde abrogated the immunosuppressive effect. The separation of keratinocytes and T cells by a transwell chamber, as well as a cell-free keratinocyte supernatant, inhibited T cell effector functions to the same amount as directly co-cultured keratinocytes, thus proving that soluble factor/s account for the observed suppressive effects. In conclusion, keratinocytes critically control the threshold of inflammatory processes in the skin by inhibiting T cell proliferation and cytokine production.
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Wisgrill L, Werner P, Jalonen E, Berger A, Lauerma A, Alenius H, Fyhrquist N. Integrative transcriptome analysis deciphers mechanisms of nickel contact dermatitis. Allergy 2021; 76:804-815. [PMID: 32706929 PMCID: PMC7984291 DOI: 10.1111/all.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Nickel‐induced allergic contact dermatitis (nACD) remains a major occupational skin disorder, significantly impacting the quality of life of suffering patients. Complex cellular compositional changes and associated immunological pathways are partly resolved in humans; thus, the impact of nACD on human skin needs to be further elucidated. Methods To decipher involved immunological players and pathways, human skin biopsies were taken at 0, 2, 48, and 96 hours after nickel patch test in six nickel‐allergic patients. Gene expression profiles were analyzed via microarray. Results Leukocyte deconvolution of nACD‐affected skin identified major leukocyte compositional changes at 48 and 96 hours, including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophage polarization, and T‐cell immunity. Gene set enrichment analysis mirrored cellular‐linked functional pathways enriched over time. NK cell infiltration and cytotoxic pathways were uniquely found in nACD‐affected skin compared to sodium lauryl sulfate–induced irritant skin reactions. Conclusion These results highlight key immunological leukocyte subsets as well as associated pathways in nACD, providing insights into pathophysiology with the potential to unravel novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paulina Werner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Erja Jalonen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Antti Lauerma
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Human Microbiome Program (HUMI) MedicumUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Nanna Fyhrquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Human Microbiome Program (HUMI) MedicumUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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The T Cell Repertoires from Nickel Sensitized Joint Implant Failure Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052428. [PMID: 33670995 PMCID: PMC7957625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni2+) is one of the most common allergens, affecting around 10–15% of the general population. As the demand for orthopedic implant surgery rises, the number of surgical revisions due to joint implant failure also increases. There is evidence that some patients develop joint failure due to an immune response to a component of the implant, and we have found that Ni2+ is an especially important cause. Hence, understanding the mechanisms by which Ni2+ allergy induces joint implant failure becomes a critical research question. The structural basis of Ni2+ activation of pathogenic T cells is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to characterize Ni2+-reactive T cell repertoires derived from the peripheral blood of joint failure patients due to Ni2+ sensitization using single-cell sequencing techniques. We stimulated the proliferation of Ni2+ -reactive T cells from two implant failure patients in vitro, and sorted them for single-cell VDJ sequencing (10× genomics). We identified 2650 productive V-J spanning pairs. Both TCR α chains and β chains were enriched. TRBV18 usage is the highest in the P7 CD4+ population (18.1%), and TRBV5-1 usage is the highest in the P7 CD8+ population (12.1%). TRBV19 and TRBV20-1 segments are present in a high percentage of both P7 and P9 sequenced T cells. Remarkably, the alpha and beta chain combination of TRAV41-TRBV18 accounts for 13.5% of the CD4+ population of P7 patient. Compared to current Ni specific T cell repertoire studies of contact dermatitis, the Vα and Vβ usages of these joint implant failure patients were different. This could be due to the different availability of self-peptides in these two different tissues. However, TRBV19 (Vβ17) was among frequently used TCR β chains, which are common in previous reports. This implies that some pathogenic T cells could be similar in Ni2+ hypersensitivities in skin and joints. The alignment of the TCR CDR3β sequences showed a conserved glutamic acid (Glu) that could potentially interact with Ni2+. The study of these Ni2+ specific TCRs may shed light on the molecular mechanism of T cell activation by low molecular weight chemical haptens.
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Azeem M, Kader H, Kerstan A, Hetta HF, Serfling E, Goebeler M, Muhammad K. Intricate Relationship Between Adaptive and Innate Immune System in Allergic Contact Dermatitis. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 93:699-709. [PMID: 33380932 PMCID: PMC7757059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a complex immunological allergic disease characterized by the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune system. Initially, the role of the innate immune system was believed to be confined to the initial sensitization phase, while adaptive immune reactions were linked with the advanced elicitation phase. However, recent data predicted a comparatively mixed and interdependent role of both immune systems throughout the disease progression. Therefore, the actual mechanisms of disease progression are more complex and interlinked. The aim of this review is to combine such findings that enhanced our understanding of the pathomechanisms of ACD. Here, we focused on the main cell types from both immune domains, which are involved in ACD, such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Such insights can be useful for devising future therapeutic interventions for ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of
Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hidaya Kader
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab
Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andreas Kerstan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology,
University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of
Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of
Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology,
University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab
Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Ge Y, Zhou Z, Wang X, Zhou Y, Liu W, Teng Z, Zeng Y. In vitro evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of EBV-LMP2 recombinant adenovirus vaccine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109626. [PMID: 31743878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic strategies based on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been proven to boost LMP2-specific CTL responses in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Such strategies can produce clinical benefits in some patients with NPC. Currently, the major challenge limiting the use of immunotherapy for NPC is its low clinical response rate. The efficacy of immunotherapy based on EBV-LMP2 specific CTLs depends mainly on their cytotoxic activity, but no studies have been conducted to elucidate this activity. In this study, laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) and real-time cell analysis (RTCA) were used to evaluate the killing function and its underlying mechanism of LMP2-specific CTLs. LCSM showed that LMP2-specific CTLs recognize and kill target cells expressing viral escape protein LMP2, and that the killing rate is related to the number of CTLs adhering to the target cells. LMP2-specific CTL-mediated cytotoxicity is rate limited by the time required for effective contact and recognition between CTLs and target cells. RTCA showed that the protective effect of LMP2-specific CTLs required an appropriate effector-to-target ratio, and that LMP2-specific CTLs could not eradicate residual target cells at a low effector-to-target ratio. Moreover, our results revealed that LMP2-specific CTL responses involve two independent but complementary mechanisms: the perforin/granzyme and Fas/FasL pathways. Therefore, we have elucidated, for the first time, the selective cytotoxicity and mechanism by which LMP2-specific CTLs induced by the rAd-LMP2 vaccine kill target cells and have explored the killing mode and several key parameters of killing mediated by LMP2-specific CTLs. Our study will contribute to the knowledge of vaccines targeting EBV-LMP2 and to the improvement of immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Ge
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yubai Zhou
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiping Teng
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Using current diagnostic tools for hand eczema, namely clinical picture and histology, differential diagnoses such as psoriasis palmaris usually cannot be ruled out. OBJECTIVES Discussion of current diagnostic possibilities for hand eczema; presentation and critical evaluation of proposed biomarkers for molecular diagnostics and outlook how diagnostics in dermatology will change in the near future. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this article, we discuss basic research and provide a review of the literature. RESULTS Molecular diagnostics has the potential to substantially improve diagnosis of hand eczema; prerequisites are prospective validation of proposed markers and availability of valid and cost-effective diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS In the near future, the diagnosis of hand eczema will be complemented by software algorithms and artificial intelligence on the one hand and simple, precise, and economic molecular diagnostic devices on the other.
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14
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Nakasone Y, Kumagai K, Matsubara R, Shigematsu H, Kitaura K, Suzuki S, Satoh M, Hamada Y, Suzuki R. Characterization of T cell receptors in a novel murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209248. [PMID: 30557354 PMCID: PMC6296741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel is a component of several alloy types that are widely used in our environment, including several dental alloy types that cause intraoral metal contact allergy. However, metal-specific immune responses in the oral mucosa have not been elucidated because a suitable animal model has not been established. In this study, we established a novel murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy and aimed to elucidate the immune response in terms of T-cell receptor repertoire and cytokine profiles in inflamed oral mucosa. The intraoral metal contact allergy model was induced by two sensitizations of nickel plus lipopolysaccharide solution into the postauricular skin followed by a single nickel challenge of the buccal mucosa. Cytokine expression profiles and T-cell phenotypes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. T cells accumulated in the cervical lymph nodes and inflamed oral mucosa were characterized by analyzing their T-cell receptor α- and β-chain repertoires, and the nucleotide sequences of complementary determining region 3. Significant swelling and pathological features were histologically evident at 1 day after challenge in mice with nickel allergy. At 1 day after the challenge, CD8-positive T cells producing high levels of T helper 1 type cytokines had accumulated in the allergic oral mucosa. At 7 days after the challenge, excessive nickel allergy in the oral mucosa was suppressed by regulatory T cells. Characterization of the T-cell receptor repertoire in nickel allergic mice revealed the presence of natural killer T cells and T cells bearing Trav6-6-Traj57 at 1 day after the challenge. Our murine model of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy showed that natural killer T cells and T cells bearing Trav6-6-Traj57 might be involved in the immune responses of nickel-induced intraoral metal contact allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Nakasone
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kumagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama Japan
- * E-mail: (RS); (KKu)
| | - Ryota Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama General Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shigematsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitaura
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Satsuki Suzuki
- Section of Biological Sciences, Research Center for Odontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- * E-mail: (RS); (KKu)
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15
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Caiazzo G, Di Caprio R, Lembo S, Raimondo A, Scala E, Patruno C, Balato A. IL-26 in allergic contact dermatitis: Resource in a state of readiness. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:681-684. [PMID: 29498775 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of IL-26 in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), highlighting its' contribute in the cytotoxic mechanism responsible for the tissue injury. IL-26 is a signature Th17 cytokine, and immune cells are its predominant sources. Recently, it has shown that Th17 cell-derived-IL-26 functions like an antimicrobial peptide. Here, we hypothesized that IL-26 could be involved in cytotoxicity mechanism that underlies ACD. Indeed, we have attributed a role to IL-26 in this context, through PBMC cytotoxicity assays vs HaCat. To demonstrate that IL-26 was effectively involved in this activity, we performed the assay using transfected ACD PBMCs by siRNA for IL-26. Indeed, we demonstrated that these cells were less able to kill keratinocytes compared with ACD PBMCs (P < .01). In conclusion, our findings support the idea that this emergent cytokine, IL-26, is implicated in the killing mechanisms of KC observed during ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Caprio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Lembo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Raimondo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scala
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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16
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Garzorz-Stark N, Lauffer F, Krause L, Thomas J, Atenhan A, Franz R, Roenneberg S, Boehner A, Jargosch M, Batra R, Mueller NS, Haak S, Groß C, Groß O, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Theis FJ, Schmidt-Weber CB, Biedermann T, Eyerich S, Eyerich K. Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonists stimulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells to initiate TH17-deviated acute contact dermatitis in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1320-1333.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Ono S, Honda T, Kabashima K. Requirement of MHC class I on radioresistant cells for granzyme B expression from CD8+ T cells in murine contact hypersensitivity. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:98-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Silvestre MC, Sato MN, dos Reis VMS. Innate immunity and effector and regulatory mechanisms involved in allergic contact dermatitis. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:242-250. [PMID: 29723367 PMCID: PMC5916398 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin's innate immunity is the initial activator of immune response mechanisms, influencing the development of adaptive immunity. Some contact allergens are detected by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasome NLR3. Keratinocytes participate in innate immunity and, in addition to functioning as an anatomical barrier, secrete cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1β, and IL-18, contributing to the development of Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Dendritic cells recognize and process antigenic peptides into T cells. Neutrophils cause pro-inflammatory reactions, mast cells induce migration/maturation of skin DCs, the natural killer cells have natural cytotoxic capacity, the γδ T cells favor contact with hapten during the sensitization phase, and the innate lymphoid cells act in the early stages by secreting cytokines, as well as act in inflammation and tissue homeostasis. The antigen-specific inflammation is mediated by T cells, and each subtype of T cells (Th1/Tc1, Th2/Tc2, and Th17/Tc17) activates resident skin cells, thus contributing to inflammation. Skin's regulatory T cells have a strong ability to inhibit the proliferation of hapten-specific T cells, acting at the end of the Allergic Contact Dermatitis response and in the control of systemic immune responses. In this review, we report how cutaneous innate immunity is the first line of defense and focus its role in the activation of the adaptive immune response, with effector response induction and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Chaves Silvestre
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Dematology, Dematology Service,
Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia (GO), Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM
56), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Vitor Manoel Silva dos Reis
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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19
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Hamada T, Aoyama Y, Shirafuji Y, Iwatsuki K. Phenotypic analysis of circulating T-cell subset and its association with burden of skin disease in patients with chronic actinic dermatitis: a hematologic and clinicopathologic study of 20 subjects. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:540-546. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Hamada
- Department of Dermatology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Yumi Aoyama
- Department of Dermatology; Kurashiki Medical Center; Kurashiki Japan
| | | | - Keiji Iwatsuki
- Department of Dermatology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
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20
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Lu S, Shi G, Xu X, Wang G, Lan X, Sun P, Li X, Zhang B, Gu X, Ichim TE, Wang H. Human endometrial regenerative cells alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Transl Med 2016; 14:300. [PMID: 27770815 PMCID: PMC5075169 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The endometrial regenerative cell (ERC) is a novel type of adult mesenchymal stem cell isolated from menstrual blood. Previous studies demonstrated that ERCs possess unique immunoregulatory properties in vitro and in vivo, as well as the ability to differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells. For these reasons, the present study was undertaken to explore the effects of ERCs on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)–induced acute liver injury (ALI). Methods An ALI model in C57BL/6 mice was induced by administration of intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Transplanted ERCs were intravenously injected (1 million/mouse) into mice 30 min after ALI induction. Liver function, pathological and immunohistological changes, cell tracking, immune cell populations and cytokine profiles were assessed 24 h after the CCl4 induction. Results ERC treatment effectively decreased the CCl4-induced elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and improved hepatic histopathological abnormalities compared to the untreated ALI group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that over-expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G (Ly6G) was markedly inhibited, whereas expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was increased after ERC treatment. Furthermore, the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in the spleen was significantly down-regulated, while the percentage of splenic CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was obviously up-regulated after ERC treatment. Moreover, splenic dendritic cells in ERC-treated mice exhibited dramatically decreased MHC-II expression. Cell tracking studies showed that transplanted PKH26-labeled ERCs engrafted to lung, spleen and injured liver. Compared to untreated controls, mice treated with ERCs had lower levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α but higher level of IL-10 in both serum and liver. Conclusions Human ERCs protect the liver from acute injury in mice through hepatocyte proliferation promotion, as well as through anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Grace Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xu Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoren Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangying Gu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
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21
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Guo H, Cheng Y, Shapiro J, McElwee K. The role of lymphocytes in the development and treatment of alopecia areata. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:1335-51. [PMID: 26548356 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1085306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) development is associated with both innate and adaptive immune cell activation, migration to peri- and intra-follicular regions, and hair follicle disruption. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes are abundant in AA lesions; however, CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes are more likely to enter inside hair follicles, circumstantially suggesting that they have a significant role to play in AA development. Several rodent models recapitulate important features of the human autoimmune disease and demonstrate that CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes are fundamentally required for AA induction and perpetuation. However, the initiating events, the self-antigens involved, and the molecular signaling pathways, all need further exploration. Studying CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their fate decisions in AA development may reveal new and improved treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guo
- a 1 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,b 2 Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yabin Cheng
- a 1 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- a 1 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,c 3 Department of Dermatology, New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Kevin McElwee
- a 1 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,d 4 Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Nattrass R, Faulkner L, Vocanson M, Antoine DJ, Kipar A, Kenna G, Nicolas JF, Park BK, Naisbitt DJ. Activation of Flucloxacillin-Specific CD8+ T-Cells With the Potential to Promote Hepatocyte Cytotoxicity in a Mouse Model. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:146-56. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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23
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Han HY, Ryu MH, Lee G, Cheon WJ, Lee C, An WG, Kim H, Cho SI. Effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., root bark on ICAM-1 expression and chemokine productions in vivo and vitro study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:245-252. [PMID: 25449455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., family Rutaceae is a well known anti-inflammatory agent for skin diseases such as eczema, pruritus and urticaria in Eastern countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus root bark (MEDD) on Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) mice. We also investigated its effects on the expression of ICAM-1, binding capacity to THP-1 cells, cytokine and chemokine production, and phosphorylation of NF-κB in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). RESULTS Topical application of MEDD effectively inhibited ICAM-1 expression and epidermal hyperplasia in inflamed tissues. MEDD treatment also inhibited immune cell infiltration induced by DNFB. In addition, treatment with MEDD reduced surface expression and total amount of ICAM-1in HaCaT cells and effectively lowered the capacity to bind to THP-1 cells. MEDD also lowered the levels of IL-6, IL-8, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). Finally, MEDD treatment prevented activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by TNF-α in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus has the potential for treatment of inflammatory skin diseases as a complementary or alternative medicine to corticosteroids. In addition, they suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus on CD are involved in the regulation of ICAM-1 expression and cytokine and chemokine secretion through down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Guemsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, South Korea.
| | - Won-Ju Cheon
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Chu Lee
- Aquaculture Industry Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, South Korea.
| | - Won-Gun An
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Su-In Cho
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea.
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24
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Eyerich S, Zielinski CE. Defining Th-cell subsets in a classical and tissue-specific manner: Examples from the skin. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3475-83. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Eyerich
- ZAUM - Center of Allergy and Environment; Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - Christina E. Zielinski
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg-Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Quaranta M, Eyerich S, Knapp B, Nasorri F, Scarponi C, Mattii M, Garzorz N, Harlfinger AT, Jaeger T, Grosber M, Pennino D, Mempel M, Schnopp C, Theis FJ, Albanesi C, Cavani A, Schmidt-Weber CB, Ring J, Eyerich K. Allergic contact dermatitis in psoriasis patients: typical, delayed, and non-interacting. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101814. [PMID: 25058585 PMCID: PMC4109932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by an apoptosis-resistant and metabolic active epidermis, while a hallmark for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is T cell-induced keratinocyte apoptosis. Here, we induced ACD reactions in psoriasis patients sensitized to nickel (n = 14) to investigate underlying mechanisms of psoriasis and ACD simultaneously. All patients developed a clinically and histologically typical dermatitis upon nickel challenge even in close proximity to pre-existing psoriasis plaques. However, the ACD reaction was delayed as compared to non-psoriatic patients, with a maximum intensity after 7 days. Whole genome expression analysis revealed alterations in numerous pathways related to metabolism and proliferation in non-involved skin of psoriasis patients as compared to non-psoriatic individuals, indicating that even in clinically non-involved skin of psoriasis patients molecular events opposing contact dermatitis may occur. Immunohistochemical comparison of ACD reactions as well as in vitro secretion analysis of lesional T cells showed a higher Th17 and neutrophilic migration as well as epidermal proliferation in psoriasis, while ACD reactions were dominated by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and a Th2 signature. Based on these findings, we hypothesized an ACD reaction directly on top of a pre-existing psoriasis plaque might influence the clinical course of psoriasis. We observed a strong clinical inflammation with a mixed psoriasis and eczema phenotype in histology. Surprisingly, the initial psoriasis plaque was unaltered after self-limitation of the ACD reaction. We conclude that sensitized psoriasis patients develop a typical, but delayed ACD reaction which might be relevant for patch test evaluation in clinical practice. Psoriasis and ACD are driven by distinct and independent immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Quaranta
- ZAUM – Center of Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- ZAUM – Center of Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martina Mattii
- ZAUM – Center of Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie Garzorz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna T. Harlfinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Jaeger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martine Grosber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Davide Pennino
- ZAUM – Center of Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Mempel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christina Schnopp
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Cavani
- Laboratory of experimental immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
- ZAUM – Center of Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Beeler A, Pichler WJ. In vitrotests of T cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:887-900. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.6.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pennino D, Bhavsar PK, Effner R, Avitabile S, Venn P, Quaranta M, Marzaioli V, Cifuentes L, Durham SR, Cavani A, Eyerich K, Chung KF, Schmidt-Weber CB, Eyerich S. IL-22 suppresses IFN-γ-mediated lung inflammation in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:562-70. [PMID: 23174657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-22 controls tissue homeostasis by both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-22 remain poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the anti-inflammatory role for IL-22 in human asthma. METHODS T-cell lines derived from lung biopsy specimens of asthmatic patients were characterized by means of flow cytometry. Human bronchial epithelial cells from healthy and asthmatic subjects were stimulated with IL-22, IFN-γ, or the combination of both cytokines. Effects of cytokine stimulation were investigated by using whole-genome analysis, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The functional consequence of cytokine stimulation was evaluated in an in vitro wound repair model and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity experiments. In vivo cytokine expression was measured by using immunohistochemistry and Luminex assays in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy and asthmatic patients. RESULTS The current study identifies a tissue-restricted antagonistic interplay of IL-22 and the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. On the one hand, IFN-γ antagonized IL-22-mediated induction of the antimicrobial peptide S100A7 and epithelial cell migration in bronchial epithelial cells. On the other hand, IL-22 decreased epithelial susceptibility to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by inhibiting the IFN-γ-induced expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, and CD54/intercellular adhesion molecule 1 molecules. Likewise, IL-22 inhibited IFN-γ-induced secretion of the proinflammatory chemokines CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/interferon-inducible protein 10 in vitro. Consistently, the IL-22 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic patients inversely correlated with the expression of CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/interferon-inducible protein 10 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS IL-22 might control the extent of IFN-γ-mediated lung inflammation and therefore play a tissue-restricted regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pennino
- ZAUM-Center of Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Oeder S, Dietrich S, Weichenmeier I, Schober W, Pusch G, Jörres RA, Schierl R, Nowak D, Fromme H, Behrendt H, Buters JTM. Toxicity and elemental composition of particulate matter from outdoor and indoor air of elementary schools in Munich, Germany. INDOOR AIR 2012; 22:148-58. [PMID: 21913995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Outdoor particulate matter (PM(10)) is associated with detrimental health effects. However, individual PM(10) exposure occurs mostly indoors. We therefore compared the toxic effects of classroom, outdoor, and residential PM(10). Indoor and outdoor PM(10) was collected from six schools in Munich during teaching hours and in six homes. Particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Toxicity was evaluated in human primary keratinocytes, lung epithelial cells and after metabolic activation by several human cytochromes P450. We found that PM(10) concentrations during teaching hours were 5.6-times higher than outdoors (117 ± 48 μg/m(3) vs. 21 ± 15 μg/m(3), P < 0.001). Compared to outdoors, indoor PM contained more silicate (36% of particle number), organic (29%, probably originating from human skin), and Ca-carbonate particles (12%, probably originating from paper). Outdoor PM contained more Ca-sulfate particles (38%). Indoor PM at 6 μg/cm(2) (10 μg/ml) caused toxicity in keratinocytes and in cells expressing CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. Toxicity by CYP2B6 was abolished with the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine. We concluded that outdoor PM(10) and indoor PM(10) from homes were devoid of toxicity. Indoor PM(10) was elevated, chemically different and toxicologically more active than outdoor PM(10). Whether the effects translate into a significant health risk needs to be determined. Until then, we suggest better ventilation as a sensible option. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Indoor air PM(10) on an equal weight base is toxicologically more active than outdoor PM(10). In addition, indoor PM(10) concentrations are about six times higher than outdoor air. Thus, ventilation of classrooms with outdoor air will improve air quality and is likely to provide a health benefit. It is also easier than cleaning PM(10) from indoor air, which has proven to be tedious.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oeder
- ZAUM-Center of Allergy and Environment, Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Tang Q, Zou P, Jin H, Fu J, Yang J, Shang L, Wei X. Grape-seed proanthocyanidins ameliorate contact hypersensitivity induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2012; 210:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thyssen JP. Nickel and cobalt allergy before and after nickel regulation - evaluation of a public health intervention. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65 Suppl 1:1-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a delayed-type hypersensitivity that can be induced by haptens, such as 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Innate and adaptive immunities are both important for the development of CHS. To treat CHS-related diseases, such as allergic contact dermatitis, a disease prevalent in industrialized countries, ways of interfering with improper immune function during CHS responses need to be identified. Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family, is important for both innate and adaptive immunities. We thus hypothesized that the CHS response could be inhibited by interfering with TAK1 activity. Using a mouse model in which TAK1 deletion can be locally induced, we observed that TAK deficiency led to an impaired CHS response and was associated with defective T-cell expansion, activation and interferon (IFN)-γ production. In addition, we investigated the effect of deleting TAK1 specifically in dendritic cells (DC) on the CHS response. We found that when TAK1 is deficient in DC, the CHS response was abolished and hapten-elicited T-cell responses were defective. Collectively, this study demonstrates an essential role of TAK1 in the induction of CHS and suggests that targeting TAK1 could be a viable approach to treat CHS.
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Abstract
Cellular apoptosis induced by T cells is mainly mediated by two pathways. One, granule exocytosis utilizes perforin/granzymes. The other involves signaling through death receptors of the TNF-alpha R super-family, especially FasL. Perforin plays a central role in apoptosis induced by granzymes. However, the mechanisms of perforin-mediated cytotoxicity are still not elucidated completely. Perforin is not only a pore-forming protein, but also performs multiple biological functions or perforin performs one biological function (cytolysis), but has multiple biological implications in the cellular immune responses, including regulation of proliferation of CD8+ CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, 300 Jefferson Hospital for Neurosciences Building, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. [corrected]
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Pennino D, Eyerich K, Scarponi C, Carbone T, Eyerich S, Nasorri F, Garcovich S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Albanesi C, Cavani A. IL-17 Amplifies Human Contact Hypersensitivity by Licensing Hapten Nonspecific Th1 Cells to Kill Autologous Keratinocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:4880-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vandebriel RJ, Loveren HV. Non-animal sensitization testing: State-of-the-art. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 40:389-404. [DOI: 10.3109/10408440903524262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Carbone T, Nasorri F, Pennino D, Eyerich K, Foerster S, Cifaldi L, Traidl-Hoffman C, Behrendt H, Cavani A. CD56highCD16-CD62L- NK cells accumulate in allergic contact dermatitis and contribute to the expression of allergic responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:1102-10. [PMID: 20008290 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is a common disease caused by an exaggerated T cell-mediated immune response to skin-applied haptens. We show in this study that NK cells affect skin immune responses to haptens by releasing type 1 cytokines and inducing keratinocytes apoptosis. Immunohistochemical stainings demonstrated that NK lymphocytes constitute approximately 10% of the inflammatory infiltrate mostly distributed in the superficial dermis and in the epidermis at the site of intense spongiotic changes. More than 90% of NK cells isolated from allergic contact dermatitis skin showed a CD3-CD56(high)CD16- phenotype by FACS analysis. In addition, they uniformly expressed NKG2A, intermediate to high levels of perforin, and the activating receptors, NKG2D, NKp44, and NKp46, but lacked NKp30 and killer Ig-related receptors. Skin NK lymphocytes displayed a CXCR3+CCR6+CCR5+ chemokine receptor asset for homing into inflamed skin, but not CD62L and CCR7 for lymph node homing. When NK cells from nickel-allergic donors were exposed in vitro to the metal, they failed to proliferate, to upregulate CD69, and to release IFN-gamma, thus indicating that NK lymphocytes do not exhibit memory-like properties to haptens. However, IL-2 released by hapten-driven T lymphocytes rapidly induced the release of IFN-gamma by NK cells and promoted the NK-mediated apoptosis of autologous keratinocytes in a hapten-independent manner. Our findings underline the importance of the interaction between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms for amplification of skin allergic responses to haptens and full expression of allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carbone
- Laboratory of Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
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Zhou F, Frazer IH, Leggatt GR. Keratinocytes efficiently process endogenous antigens for cytotoxic T-cell mediated lysis. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:1053-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Vocanson M, Hennino A, Rozières A, Poyet G, Nicolas JF. Effector and regulatory mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis. Allergy 2009; 64:1699-714. [PMID: 19839974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), one of the commonest occupational diseases, is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammation caused by repeated skin exposure to contact allergens, i.e. nonprotein chemicals called haptens. Allergic contact dermatitis, also referred to as contact hypersensitivity, is mediated by CD8+ T cells, which are primed in lymphoid organs during the sensitization phase and are recruited in the skin upon re-exposure to the hapten. Subsets of CD4+ T cells endowed with suppressive activity are responsible for both the down-regulation of eczema in allergic patients and the prevention of priming to haptens in nonallergic individuals. Therefore, ACD should be considered as a breakdown of the skin immune tolerance to haptens. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of ACD have demonstrated the important role of skin innate immunity in the sensitization process and have revisited the dogma that Langerhans cells are mandatory for CD8+ T-cell priming. They have also introduced mast cells as a pivotal actor in the magnitude of the inflammatory reaction. Finally, the most recent studies address the nature, the mode and the site of action of the regulatory T cells that control the skin inflammation with the aim of developing new strategies of tolerance induction in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vocanson
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
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Kerstan A, Leverkus M, Trautmann A. Effector pathways during eczematous dermatitis: where inflammation meets cell death. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:893-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Eyerich K, Böckelmann R, Pommer AJ, Foerster S, Hofmeister H, Huss-Marp J, Cavani A, Behrendt H, Ring J, Gollnick H, Bonnekoh B, Traidl-Hoffmann C. Comparative in situ topoproteome analysis reveals differences in patch test-induced eczema: cytotoxicity-dominated nickel versus pleiotrope pollen reaction. Exp Dermatol 2009; 19:511-7. [PMID: 19758337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A subgroup of patients with atopic eczema develops acute eczematous reactions to type I allergy-inducing agents such as pollen that clinically resemble type IV allergies induced by haptens like metal ions. To clarify the underlying immunologic mechanisms, this study was designed to map the inflammatory in situ topoproteome of eczematous responses to grass/birch pollen and nickel by using atopy patch test (APT) and nickel patch test (NPT) as an appropriate clinical model, respectively. Biopsies from NPT (n = 6) and APT (n = 6) with positive reactions at 72 h were analysed by multiple epitope ligand cartography (MELC), which enabled to investigate coexpression of 49 different epitopes immunohistochemically in a single given tissue section. Colocalisation of IgE and FcepsilonRI was investigated by confocal microscopy. Compared with APT responses, NPT reactions were dominated by cytotoxic TIA-1 + and CD8 + T cells. In contrast, the immune response in APT reactions appeared more pleiotrope - as detected by colocalisation analysis. Multiple combinatorial molecular phenotype (CMP) motifs containing naive, early maturation and memory T cell (CD45RA, CD7, CD44, CD45R0), and general activation markers (CLA, HLA-DR, CD13, CD29, CD58, CD71, CD138) were significantly higher expressed in APT when compared with NPT reactions. APT response was confirmed to be accompanied by IgE bound to FcepsilonRI. In summary, our results demonstrate that the NPT reaction is clearly dominated by cytotoxic events, while the APT reaction to pollen grains is more heterogeneous and elicits a combined humoral and cellular immune reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Eyerich
- ZAUM - Center for Allergy and Environment, Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Zentrum/TUM, Munich, Germany
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Pazzini CA, Júnior GO, Marques LS, Pereira CV, Pereira LJ. Prevalence of Nickel Allergy and Longitudinal Evaluation of Periodontal Abnormalities in Orthodontic Allergic Patients. Angle Orthod 2009; 79:922-7. [DOI: 10.2319/081408-430.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of nickel allergy in a sample of orthodontic patients and longitudinally compare the clinical periodontal status of these individuals with that of a group of nonallergic patients.
Materials and Methods: The initial sample consisted of 96 patients selected randomly from a databank of patients who sought orthodontic care at a teaching institution. Following the selection and beginning of treatment, periodontal status was assessed over a 12-month period (one evaluation every 3 months—T1, T2, T3, T4) using the Loe index. The evaluations were performed blindly by a single, calibrated examiner and were followed by prophylaxis and orientation regarding oral hygiene. The prevalence of nickel allergy was determined by the patch test 9 months after the beginning of treatment and occurred in 16 individuals (17.2%). Two groups were then established: the allergic group (AG, n = 16) and the age-paired nonallergic control group (NAG, n = 16). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman's analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests (P ≤ .05).
Results: Significant differences were present between groups at the T3 and T4 evaluations for the LOE index (P = .045 and .009), with allergic individuals showing higher mean values than nonallergic individuals (hyperplasia, change in color, and bleeding). No significant differences were found in the intragroup evaluations between the four evaluations (P > .05).
Conclusions: The results suggest a cumulative effect from nickel throughout orthodontic treatment associated with clinically significant periodontal abnormalities in allergic individuals over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Alessandra Pazzini
- a MS Graduate student, Vale do Rio Verde University – UNINCOR, Department of Orthodontics, Três Corações, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Oliveira Júnior
- b Associate Professor, Lavras University Center – UNILAVRAS, Department of Orthodontics, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silva Marques
- c Associate Professor, Vale do Rio Verde University – UNINCOR, Clinical Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Orthodontics, Três Corações, Brazil
| | - Cássio Vicente Pereira
- d Associate Professor, Lavras University Center – UNILAVRAS, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- e Associate Professor, Vale do Rio Verde University – UNINCOR, Clinical Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Três Corações, Brazil
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Human epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and the skin differentially internalize grass pollen allergens. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:1935-44. [PMID: 19194473 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells of both the respiratory tract and the skin form a tight barrier against environmental harm. They represent the site of first contact for airborne allergen carriers. Consequently, in this study, we analyzed the uptake of grass pollen allergens by epithelial cells: Phl p 1 was selected as a glycosylated allergen containing disulfide bridges whereas Phl p 6 lacks post-translational modifications. Allergen uptake by the respiratory epithelial cell line A549 reached a plateau at 2 hours, and both allergens were localized intracellularly in non-acidic vesicles. In addition, in A549 cells allergens were exocytosed, suggesting a transcytosis mechanism in the passage of allergens over the respiratory epithelial barrier. In contrast, allergens were predominately localized in lysosomes in keratinocytes, and allergen uptake did not reach a plateau up to 24 hours. Notably, keratinocytes from atopic patients showed a significantly increased uptake of Phl p 1 as compared with healthy donors. Preincubation of epithelial cells with IL-4 and/or IFN-gamma to simulate inflammatory status led to an increased allergen uptake only in keratinocytes. This higher engulfment of allergens by inflammatory-type keratinocytes suggests a higher susceptibility of inflamed skin for the uptake of allergens and consequently a potentially higher risk for sensitization under natural exposure conditions, such as chronic atopic eczema.
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Bordignon V, Palamara F, Cordiali-Fei P, Vento A, Aiello A, Picardo M, Ensoli F, Cristaudo A. Nickel, palladium and rhodium induced IFN-gamma and IL-10 production as assessed by in vitro ELISpot-analysis in contact dermatitis patients. BMC Immunol 2008; 9:19. [PMID: 18482439 PMCID: PMC2409297 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent attempts to diminish nickel use in most industrial products have led to an increasing utilization of alternative metal compounds for destinations such as the alloys used in orthopaedics, jewellery and dentistry. The present study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the potential for an allergic response to nickel, palladium and rhodium on the basis of antigen-specific induction of inflammatory/regulatory cytokines, and to characterize, according to the cytokine profiles, the nature of simultaneous positive patch tests elicited in vivo. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 40 patients with different patch test results were kept in short term cultures in the presence of optimized concentrations of NiSO4 x 6H2O, PdCl2 and Rh(CH3COO)2. The production of IFN-gamma and IL-10 elicited by metal compounds were analyzed by the ELISpot assay. RESULTS We found a specific IFN-gamma response by PBMC upon in vitro stimulation with nickel or palladium in well recognized allergic individuals. All controls with a negative patch test to a metal salt showed an in vitro IL-10 response and not IFN-gamma production when challenged with the same compound. Interestingly, all subjects with positive patch test to both nickel and palladium (group 3) showed an in vitro response characterized by the release of IFN-gamma after nickel stimulation and production of IL-10 in response to palladium. CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest that the different cytokine profiles elicited in vitro reflect different immune responses which may lead to the control of the allergic responses or to symptomatic allergic contact dermatitis. The development of sensitive and specific in vitro assays based on the determination of the cytokine profiles in response to contact allergens may have important diagnostic and prognostic implications and may prove extremely useful in complementing the diagnostic limits of traditional patch testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bordignon
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Allergology and Laboratory of Skin Physiopathology, Institute San Gallicano, IRCCS, IFO, Rome, Italy.
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Cavani A, De Pità O, Girolomoni G. New aspects of the molecular basis of contact allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 7:404-8. [PMID: 17873579 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3282ef6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of the review is to provide an up-to-date scenario of the mechanisms governing contact allergy, a widely diffused immune response to small chemicals (haptens) penetrating the skin. RECENT FINDINGS The availability of animal models for contact allergy, such as murine contact hypersensitivity, is of great importance in understanding the pathomechanisms of the allergic response, although all these findings need confirmation in humans. Contact allergy is the result of the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity in response to haptens. Both skin resident cells, such as keratinocytes and mast cells, and immigrating leucocytes, including T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, actively participate in the reaction. Different types of T-regulatory cells appear to be crucial in the prevention of contact allergy or in the early termination of the reaction. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate immune responses to haptens is critical for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. SUMMARY Although contact allergy is predominantly a T-cell-mediated disease, humoral immune responses and innate immunity actively participate in the initiation and expression of the allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cavani
- Laboratory of Immunology and Allergology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
In this review we discuss the role of dendritic cells (DC) in the pathogenesis of allergic contact hypersensitivity (ACH) and atopic disorders, such as asthma and atopic eczema. In ACH patients, DC recognize the invasion of simple chemicals such as haptens, and trigger antigen-specific T cell responses leading to the characteristic histological and clinical changes such as spongiosis and papulovesicular eruptions. During atopic disorders, it is well known that the Th2-deviated immune response plays a crucial role in their pathogenesis. DC provide T cells with antigen and costimulatory signals (signals 1 and 2, respectively), as well as with a polarizing signal (signal 3). When studying ACH, it is important to understand how simple chemicals induce the activation of DC and their migration to the draining lymph nodes where they supply signals 1 and 2 to naive T cells. The mechanisms by which DC induce the Th2-deviated immune response, namely via the Th2-deviated signal 3, are central topics in the pathogenesis of atopic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
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Black APB, Ardern-Jones MR, Kasprowicz V, Bowness P, Jones L, Bailey AS, Ogg GS. Human keratinocyte induction of rapid effector function in antigen-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:1485-93. [PMID: 17506032 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ability of human keratinocytes to present antigen to T cells is controversial and, indeed, it has been suggested that keratinocytes may promote T cell hyporesponsiveness. Furthermore, it is unclear whether keratinocytes can process antigen prior to MHC class I and class II presentation. We tested the ability of keratinocytes to induce functional responses in epitope-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells using peptides, protein and recombinant expression vectors as sources of antigen. Keratinocytes were able to efficiently process and present protein antigen to CD4+ T cells, resulting in cytokine secretion (Th1 and Th2). This interaction was dependent on keratinocyte expression of HLA class II and ICAM-1, which could be induced by IFN-gamma. In addition, keratinocytes could present virally encoded or exogenous peptide to CD8+ T cells, resulting in T cell cytokine production and target cell lysis. Finally, T cell lines grown using keratinocytes as stimulators showed no loss of function. These findings demonstrate that keratinocytes are able to efficiently process and present antigen to CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells and induce functional responses. The findings have broad implications for the pathogenesis of cutaneous disease and for transcutaneous drug or vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony P B Black
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Buters JTM, Schober W, Gutermuth J, Jakob T, Aguilar-Pimentel A, Huss-Marp J, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Mair S, Mair S, Mayer F, Breuer K, Behrendt H. Toxicity of parked motor vehicle indoor air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:2622-9. [PMID: 17438825 DOI: 10.1021/es0617901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The interior of motor vehicles is made of a wide variety of synthetic materials, which emit volatile organic compounds (VOC). We tested the health effects of emissions from vehicles exposed to "parked in sunshine" conditions. A new and a 3 year old vehicle with identical interior were exposed to 14 000 W of light. Indoor air was analyzed by GC-MS. Toxicity of extracts of indoor air was assayed in human primary keratinocytes, human lung epithelial A549 cell line, and Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts. In addition, toxicity after metabolic activation by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2E1 was assayed. The effect on type I allergic reaction (IgE-mediated immune response), type IV allergic reaction (T-cell mediated immune response), and irritative potential was evaluated also. A total of 10.9 and 1.2 mg/m(3) VOC were found in new and used motor vehicle indoor air, respectively. The major compounds in the new vehicle were o,m,p-xylenes, C3 and C4-alkylbenzenes, dodecane, tridecane, and methylpyrrolidinone. In the used vehicle they were acetone, methylpyrrolidinone, methylcyclohexane, acetaldehyde, o,m,p-xylenes, ethylhexanol, and toluene. No toxicity was observed in any cell line with or without metabolic activation. Neither did we find an effect on type IV sensitization or an irritative potential. A slight but statistically significant aggravating effect on IgE-mediated immune response of only the new vehicle indoor air was determined (p < 0.05). The IgE-response modulating effect of indoor air might be relevant for atopic individuals. Else no direct toxicity, no toxicity after metabolic activation by cytochrome P450, and no irritative or type IV sensitizing potential of motor vehicle indoor air were found, neither from the new nor used vehicle. Our investigations indicated no apparent health hazard of parked motor vehicle indoor air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen T M Buters
- Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy GSFITUM, ZAUM-Center for Allergy and Environment, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Kanda N, Shimizu T, Tada Y, Watanabe S. IL-18 enhances IFN-gamma-induced production of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in human keratinocytes. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:338-50. [PMID: 17274000 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IL-18 is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and allergic contact dermatitis. CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 recruit type 1 T cells, and the production of these chemokines by keratinocytes is enhanced in these dermatoses. We examined the in vitro effects of IL-18 on IFN-gamma-induced CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 production in human keratinocytes. IL-18 enhanced the IFN-gamma-induced secretion and mRNA expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in parallel to the activation of NF-kappaB, STAT1, and IFN-regulatory factor (IRF)-1. Antisense oligonucleotides against NF-kappaB p50, p65, or STAT1 suppressed CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 production, and antisense IRF-1 suppressed CXCL11 production. Inhibitors of PI3 K, p38 MAPK, and MEK suppressed IL-18 plus IFN-gamma-induced CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 production and NF-kappaB, STAT1, and IRF-1 activities. IL-18 induced phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, while IFN-gamma induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. These results suggest that IL-18 may potentiate IFN-gamma-induced CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 production in keratinocytes by activating NF-kappaB, STAT1, or IRF-1 through PI3 K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways. These effects of IL-18 may promote the infiltration of type 1 T cells into lesions with inflammatory dermatoses and amplify the skin inflammation. IL-18 may act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in these dermatoses and thus is a candidate therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Naisbitt DJ, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. Immunological principles of T-cell-mediated adverse drug reactions in skin. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2007; 6:109-24. [PMID: 17367257 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.6.2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug hypersensitivity reactions in skin are an immune-mediated phenomenon associated with significant patient mortality and morbidity. Antigen-specific T cells, which have been isolated from the peripheral circulation and target organs of hypersensitive patients, are thought to propagate and regulate the development of clinical symptoms. The investigation of clinical cases with respect to the basic cellular and chemical mechanisms that underpin drug hypersensitivity has resulted in: i) the need to redress some aspects of present immunological dogma; and ii) additional fundamental immunological questions. Thus, the aim of this review article is to summarise present opinion on how and why drugs initiate a pathogenic T-cell response in a small section of the population and subsequently reflect on gaps in basic immunology and where future research might lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean J Naisbitt
- University of Liverpool, Department of Pharmacology, The Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK.
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Rushing GD, Goretsky MJ, Gustin T, Morales M, Kelly RE, Nuss D. When it is not an infection: metal allergy after the Nuss procedure for repair of pectus excavatum. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42:93-7. [PMID: 17208547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing use of implantable bars for minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair has introduced metal allergy (nickel and chromium) to pediatric surgeons. Metal allergy is a well-recognized entity in neurologic, orthopedic, and craniofacial surgery. This study was performed to evaluate metal allergy and its effects on treatment with the Nuss procedure in 862 patients. METHODS After institutional review board approval, we undertook a retrospective review of a prospectively gathered database of patients undergoing the Nuss procedure. Metal allergy was diagnosed either with the use of dermal patch or clinically, based on rash, fever, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, cultures, and pathology specimens. Data collection included demographics, an allergy to jewelry, and history of atopy. Clinical outcomes including need for reoperation, removal of stainless steel bar, and replacement with titanium bar were evaluated. RESULTS Over an 18-year period (1987-2005), 862 patients underwent the Nuss procedure. Nineteen (2.2%) were diagnosed with metal allergy, with an average age of 14.7 years (9-23 years). Eighteen (95%) were males. A history of atopy was present in 9 (56%) patients. Ten (63%) patients presented with rash and erythema, 1 (6%) with granuloma, 5 (32%) with pleural effusion, and 3 (15%) were diagnosed on preoperative screening. Stainless steel bars were removed because of allergic skin breakdown in 3 patients, with 2 patients requiring replacement titanium bars. In all 3 of these patients, symptoms resolved after removal of stainless steel bars. Titanium bars were placed in the 3 patients who were diagnosed preoperatively with metal allergy, without event. CONCLUSIONS Allergy symptoms often are misdiagnosed as infection, but require different treatment. If a history of metal allergy or atopy is suggested preoperatively, the patient should be tested for metal allergy, and if positive, a titanium bar used. Because the consequences of metal allergy may include the need to replace the bar, pediatric surgeons should be aware of this occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Rushing
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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