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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Granda-Díaz R, Martínez-Pérez A, Aguilar-García C, Rodrigo JP, García-Pedrero JM, Gonzalez S. Beyond the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 era: promising role of the BTLA/HVEM axis as a future target for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:142. [PMID: 37649037 PMCID: PMC10466776 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints to harness antitumor immunity has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape. The therapeutic success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapies mainly relies on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. However, the limited overall responses and lack of reliable predictive biomarkers of patient´s response are major pitfalls limiting immunotherapy success. Hence, this reflects the compelling need of unveiling novel targets for immunotherapy that allow to expand the spectrum of ICB-based strategies to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy and benefit for cancer patients. This review thoroughly dissects current molecular and functional knowledge of BTLA/HVEM axis and the future perspectives to become a target for cancer immunotherapy. BTLA/HVEM dysregulation is commonly found and linked to poor prognosis in solid and hematological malignancies. Moreover, circulating BTLA has been revealed as a blood-based predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response in various cancers. On this basis, BTLA/HVEM axis emerges as a novel promising target for cancer immunotherapy. This prompted rapid development and clinical testing of the anti-BTLA blocking antibody Tifcemalimab/icatolimab as the first BTLA-targeted therapy in various ongoing phase I clinical trials with encouraging results on preliminary efficacy and safety profile as monotherapy and combined with other anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the intricate signaling network constituted by BTLA/HVEM/CD160/LIGHT involved in immune response regulation, tumor development and tumor microenvironment could limit therapeutic success. Therefore, in-depth functional characterization in different cancer settings is highly recommended for adequate design and implementation of BTLA-targeted therapies to guarantee the best clinical outcomes to benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Candelaria Aguilar-García
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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Shuptrine CW, Perez VM, Selitsky SR, Schreiber TH, Fromm G. Shining a LIGHT on myeloid cell targeted immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2023; 187:147-160. [PMID: 37167762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite over a decade of clinical trials combining inhibition of emerging checkpoints with a PD-1/L1 inhibitor backbone, meaningful survival benefits have not been shown in PD-1/L1 inhibitor resistant or refractory solid tumours, particularly tumours dominated by a myelosuppressive microenvironment. Achieving durable anti-tumour immunity will therefore likely require combination of adaptive and innate immune stimulation, myeloid repolarisation, enhanced APC activation and antigen processing/presentation, lifting of the CD47/SIRPα (Cluster of Differentiation 47/signal regulatory protein alpha) 'do not eat me' signal, provision of an apoptotic 'pro-eat me' or 'find me' signal, and blockade of immune checkpoints. The importance of effectively targeting mLILRB2 and SIRPAyeloid cells to achieve improved response rates has recently been emphasised, given myeloid cells are abundant in the tumour microenvironment of most solid tumours. TNFSF14, or LIGHT, is a tumour necrosis superfamily ligand with a broad range of adaptive and innate immune activities, including (1) myeloid cell activation through Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor (LTβR), (2) T/NK (T cell and natural killer cell) induced anti-tumour immune activity through Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), (3) potentiation of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine secretion through LTβR on tumour stromal cells, (4) direct induction of tumour cell apoptosis in vitro, and (5) the reorganisation of lymphatic tissue architecture, including within the tumour microenvironment (TME), by promoting high endothelial venule (HEV) formation and induction of tertiary lymphoid structures. LTBR (Lymphotoxin beta receptor) and HVEM rank highly amongst a range of costimulatory receptors in solid tumours, which raises interest in considering how LIGHT-mediated costimulation may be distinct from a growing list of immunotherapy targets which have failed to provide survival benefit as monotherapy or in combination with PD-1 inhibitors, particularly in the checkpoint acquired resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey W Shuptrine
- Shattuck Labs Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Shattuck Labs Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Taylor H Schreiber
- Shattuck Labs Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Shattuck Labs Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - George Fromm
- Shattuck Labs Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Shattuck Labs Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
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3
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Molecular pathogenesis of Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma: Role of chemokines, cytokines, and dysregulated signaling pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:382-399. [PMID: 34906723 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative neoplasms that exhibit a wide spectrum of immune-phenotypical, clinical, and histopathological features. The biology of CTCL is complex and remains elusive. In recent years, the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has evolved our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms, including genetic aberrations and epigenetic abnormalities that shape the mutational landscape of CTCL and represent one of the important pro-tumorigenic principles in CTCL initiation and progression. Still, identification of the major pathophysiological pathways including genetic and epigenetic components that mediate malignant clonal T cell expansion has not been achieved. This is of prime importance given the role of malignant T cell clones in fostering T helper 2 (Th2)-bias tumor microenvironment and fueling progressive immune dysregulation and tumor cell growth in CTCL patients, manifested by the secretion of Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines. Alterations in malignant cytokine and chemokine expression patterns orchestrate the inflammatory milieu and influence the migration dynamics of malignant clonal T cells. Here, we highlight recent insights about the molecular mechanisms of CTCL pathogenesis, emphasizing the role of cytokines, chemokines, and associated downstream signaling networks in driving immune defects, malignant transformation, and disease progression. In-depth characterization of the CTCL immunophenotype and tumoral microenvironment offers a facile opportunity to expand the therapeutic armamentarium of CTCL, an intractable malignant skin disease with poor prognosis and in dire need of curative treatment approaches.
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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Aubert N, Brunel S, Olive D, Marodon G. Blockade of HVEM for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy in Humanized Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123009. [PMID: 34208480 PMCID: PMC8235544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Current immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limitations for immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Thus, it is crucial to investigate other immune checkpoints to prevent disease progression in patients with prostate cancer. Here, we first show that the HVEM/BTLA immune checkpoint is associated with disease progression in patients. We then show that immunotherapy aimed at targeting HVEM reduced tumor growth twofold in vivo in a humanized mouse model of the pathology. The mode of action of the therapy was dependent on CD8+ T cells and is associated with improved T cell activation and reduced exhaustion. Finally, we demonstrated that HVEM expressed by the tumor negatively regulated the anti-tumor immune response. Our results indicate that targeting HVEM might be an attractive option for patients with prostate cancer. Abstract The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) delivers a negative signal to T cells mainly through the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) molecule. Thus, HVEM/BTLA may represent a novel immune checkpoint during an anti-tumor immune response. However, a formal demonstration that HVEM can represent a target for cancer immunotherapy is still lacking. Here, we first showed that HVEM and BTLA mRNA expression levels were associated with a worse progression-free interval in patients with prostate adenocarcinomas, indicating a detrimental role for the HVEM/BTLA immune checkpoint during prostate cancer progression. We then showed that administration of a monoclonal antibody to human HVEM resulted in a twofold reduction in the growth of a prostate cancer cell line in NOD.SCID.gc-null mice reconstituted with human T cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we showed that the therapeutic effect of the mAb depended on HVEM expression by the tumor, with no effect on graft vs. host disease or activation of human T cells in the spleen. In contrast, the proliferation and number of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes increased following treatment, and depletion of CD8+ T cells partly alleviated treatment’s efficacy. The expression of genes belonging to various T cell activation pathways was enriched in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, whereas genes associated with immuno-suppressive pathways were decreased, possibly resulting in modifications of leukocyte adhesion and motility. Finally, we developed a simple in vivo assay in humanized mice to directly demonstrate that HVEM expressed by the tumor is an immune checkpoint for T cell-mediated tumor control. Our results show that targeting HVEM is a promising strategy for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aubert
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Simon Brunel
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniel Olive
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, CRCM, Tumor Immunity Team, IBISA Immunomonitoring Platform, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Gilles Marodon
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (N.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Johansson-Percival A, Ganss R. Therapeutic Induction of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer Through Stromal Remodeling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674375. [PMID: 34122434 PMCID: PMC8191417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the effectiveness of anti-cancer immunotherapy remains a major clinical challenge. Cytotoxic T cell infiltration is crucial for immune-mediated tumor rejection, however, the suppressive tumor microenvironment impedes their recruitment, activation, maturation and function. Nevertheless, solid tumors can harbor specialized lymph node vasculature and immune cell clusters that are organized into tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). These TLS support naïve T cell infiltration and intratumoral priming. In many human cancers, their presence is a positive prognostic factor, and importantly, predictive for responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade. Thus, therapeutic induction of TLS is an attractive concept to boost anti-cancer immunotherapy. However, our understanding of how cancer-associated TLS could be initiated is rudimentary. Exciting new reagents which induce TLS in preclinical cancer models provide mechanistic insights into the exquisite stromal orchestration of TLS formation, a process often associated with a more functional or "normalized" tumor vasculature and fueled by LIGHT/LTα/LTβ, TNFα and CC/CXC chemokine signaling. These emerging insights provide innovative opportunities to induce and shape TLS in the tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johansson-Percival
- Cancer Microenvironment Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Cancer Microenvironment Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Schranz D, Molnar T, Erdo‐Bonyar S, Simon D, Berki T, Nagy C, Czeiter E, Buki A, Lenzser G, Csecsei P. Increased level of LIGHT/TNFSF14 is associated with survival in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 143:530-537. [PMID: 33492677 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple cytokines have been implicated in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (LIGHT/TNFSF14) and oncostatin-M (OSM) have not been previously explored. AIMS OF THE STUDY The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between TNFSF14 and OSM levels and survival. Our secondary goal was to investigate a potential association between these markers and the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). MATERIALS & METHODS We consecutively recruited 60 patients with a clinical diagnosis of aSAH. LIGHT/TNFSF14 and OSM serum concentrations were determined by ELISA. The primary endpoint was survival at Day 30, while development of DCI was assessed as secondary outcome. RESULTS Patients had significantly higher levels of both markers than the control group (median of LIGHT: 18.1 pg/ml vs. 7 pg/ml; p = 0.01; median of OSM: 10.3 pg/ml vs. 2.8 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Significantly lower serum level of LIGHT/TNFSF14 was found in nonsurviving patients (n = 9) compared with survivors (n = 51; p = 0.011). Based on ROC analysis, serum LIGHT/TNFSF14 with a cutoff value of >7.95 pg/ml predicted 30-day survival with a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 78% (Area: 0.763; 95% CI: 0.604-0.921, p = 0.013). In addition, it was also a predictor of DCI with a sensitivity of 72.7% and a specificity of 62.5% (AUC: 0.702; 95% CI: 0.555-0.849, p = 0.018). Based on binary logistic regression analysis, LIGHT/TNFSF14 was found to be independently associated with 30-day mortality, but not with DCI. CONCLUSION In this cohort, a higher serum level of LIGHT/TNFSF14 was associated with increased survival of patients with aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schranz
- Department of Neurology University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdo‐Bonyar
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Csaba Nagy
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Endre Czeiter
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
- Neurotrauma Research Group Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
- MTA‐PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group Pécs Hungary
| | - Andras Buki
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Gabor Lenzser
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Peter Csecsei
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
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Xu X, Hou B, Fulzele A, Masubuchi T, Zhao Y, Wu Z, Hu Y, Jiang Y, Ma Y, Wang H, Bennett EJ, Fu G, Hui E. PD-1 and BTLA regulate T cell signaling differentially and only partially through SHP1 and SHP2. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151801. [PMID: 32437509 PMCID: PMC7265324 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade antibodies of the immunoinhibitory receptor PD-1 can stimulate the anti-tumor activity of T cells, but clinical benefit is limited to a fraction of patients. Evidence suggests that BTLA, a receptor structurally related to PD-1, may contribute to resistance to PD-1 targeted therapy, but how BTLA and PD-1 differ in their mechanisms is debated. Here, we compared the abilities of BTLA and PD-1 to recruit effector molecules and to regulate T cell signaling. While PD-1 selectively recruited SHP2 over the stronger phosphatase SHP1, BTLA preferentially recruited SHP1 to more efficiently suppress T cell signaling. Contrary to the dominant view that PD-1 and BTLA signal exclusively through SHP1/2, we found that in SHP1/2 double-deficient primary T cells, PD-1 and BTLA still potently inhibited cell proliferation and cytokine production, albeit more transiently than in wild type T cells. Thus, PD-1 and BTLA can suppress T cell signaling through a mechanism independent of both SHP1 and SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Xu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bowen Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Amitkumar Fulzele
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Takeya Masubuchi
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zijun Wu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yanyan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzhe Ma
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Haopeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Guo Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Enfu Hui
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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James JA, Guthridge JM, Chen H, Lu R, Bourn RL, Bean K, Munroe ME, Smith M, Chakravarty E, Baer AN, Noaiseh G, Parke A, Boyle K, Keyes-Elstein L, Coca A, Utset T, Genovese MC, Pascual V, Utz PJ, Holers VM, Deane KD, Sivils KL, Aberle T, Wallace DJ, McNamara J, Franchimont N, St Clair EW. Unique Sjögren's syndrome patient subsets defined by molecular features. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:860-868. [PMID: 31497844 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address heterogeneity complicating primary SS (pSS) clinical trials, research and care by characterizing and clustering patients by their molecular phenotypes. METHODS pSS patients met American-European Consensus Group classification criteria and had at least one systemic manifestation and stimulated salivary flow of ⩾0.1 ml/min. Correlated transcriptional modules were derived from gene expression microarray data from blood (n = 47 with appropriate samples). Patients were clustered based on this molecular information using an unbiased random forest modelling approach. In addition, multiplex, bead-based assays and ELISAs were used to assess 30 serum cytokines, chemokines and soluble receptors. Eleven autoantibodies, including anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB, were measured by Bio-Rad Bioplex 2200. RESULTS Transcriptional modules distinguished three clusters of pSS patients. Cluster 1 showed no significant elevation of IFN or inflammation modules. Cluster 2 showed strong IFN and inflammation modular network signatures, as well as high plasma protein levels of IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, BLyS (BAFF) and LIGHT. Cluster 3 samples exhibited moderately elevated IFN modules, but with suppressed inflammatory modules, increased IP-10/CXCL10 and B cell-attracting chemokine 1/CXCL13 and trends toward increased MIG/CXCL9, IL-1α, and IL-21. Anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB were present in all three clusters. CONCLUSION Molecular profiles encompassing IFN, inflammation and other signatures can be used to separate patients with pSS into distinct clusters. In the future, such profiles may inform patient selection for clinical trials and guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medicine
| | - Hua Chen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rufei Lu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medicine
| | - Rebecka L Bourn
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Krista Bean
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Melissa E Munroe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Miles Smith
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Eliza Chakravarty
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alan N Baer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ghaith Noaiseh
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ann Parke
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Karen Boyle
- Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Andreea Coca
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tammy Utset
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark C Genovese
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Utz
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora,CO, USA
| | - Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora,CO, USA
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Teresa Aberle
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Daniel J Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - James McNamara
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - E William St Clair
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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10
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Shrestha R, Garrett-Thomson SC, Liu W, Almo SC, Fiser A. Redesigning HVEM Interface for Selective Binding to LIGHT, BTLA, and CD160. Structure 2020; 28:1197-1205.e2. [PMID: 32795404 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) regulates positive and negative signals for T cell activation through co-signaling pathways. Dysfunction of the HVEM co-signaling network is associated with multiple pathologies related to autoimmunity, infectious disease, and cancer, making the associated molecules biologically and therapeutically attractive targets. HVEM interacts with three ligands from two different superfamilies using two different binding interfaces. The engagement with ligands CD160 and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), members of immunoglobulin superfamily, is associated with inhibitory signals, whereas inflammatory responses are regulated through the interaction with LIGHT from the TNF superfamily. We computationally redesigned the HVEM recognition interfaces using a residue-specific pharmacophore approach, ProtLID, to achieve switchable-binding specificity. In subsequent cell-based binding assays the new interfaces, designed with only single or double mutations, exhibited selective binding to only one or two out of the three cognate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojan Shrestha
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sarah C Garrett-Thomson
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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11
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Wang X, Wu Z, Qiu W, Chen P, Xu X, Han W. Programming CAR T cells to enhance anti-tumor efficacy through remodeling of the immune system. Front Med 2020; 14:726-745. [PMID: 32794014 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been indicated effective in treating B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and have shown encouraging results in preclinical and clinical studies. However, CAR T cells have achieved minimal success against solid malignancies because of the additional obstacles of their insufficient migration into tumors and poor amplification and persistence, in addition to antigen-negative relapse and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Various preclinical studies are exploring strategies to overcome the above challenges. Mobilization of endogenous immune cells is also necessary for CAR T cells to obtain their optimal therapeutic effect given the importance of the innate immune responses in the elimination of malignant tumors. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the engineering of CAR T cell therapies to restore the immune response in solid malignancies, especially with CAR T cells acting as cellular carriers to deliver immunomodulators to tumors to mobilize the endogenous immune response. We also explored the sensitizing effects of conventional treatment approaches, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, on CAR T cell therapy. Finally, we discuss the combination of CAR T cells with biomaterials or oncolytic viruses to enhance the anti-tumor outcomes of CAR T cell therapies in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Chongqing, 400042, China.,Molecular & Immunological Department, Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Molecular & Immunological Department, Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Molecular & Immunological Department, Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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12
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Zuo Y, Whitbeck JC, Haila GJ, Hakim AA, Rothlauf PW, Eisenberg RJ, Cohen GH, Krummenacher C. Saliva enhances infection of gingival fibroblasts by herpes simplex virus 1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223299. [PMID: 31581238 PMCID: PMC6776388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral herpes is a highly prevalent infection caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). After an initial infection of the oral cavity, HSV-1 remains latent in sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglia. Episodic reactivation of the virus leads to the formation of mucocutaneous lesions (cold sores), but asymptomatic reactivation accompanied by viral shedding is more frequent and allows virus spread to new hosts. HSV-1 DNA has been detected in many oral tissues. In particular, HSV-1 can be found in periodontal lesions and several studies associated its presence with more severe periodontitis pathologies. Since gingival fibroblasts may become exposed to salivary components in periodontitis lesions, we analyzed the effect of saliva on HSV-1 and -2 infection of these cells. We observed that human gingival fibroblasts can be infected by HSV-1. However, pre-treatment of these cells with saliva extracts from some but not all individuals led to an increased susceptibility to infection. Furthermore, the active saliva could expand HSV-1 tropism to cells that are normally resistant to infection due to the absence of HSV entry receptors. The active factor in saliva was partially purified and comprised high molecular weight complexes of glycoproteins that included secretory Immunoglobulin A. Interestingly, we observed a broad variation in the activity of saliva between donors suggesting that this activity is selectively present in the population. The active saliva factor, has not been isolated, but may lead to the identification of a relevant biomarker for susceptibility to oral herpes. The presence of a salivary factor that enhances HSV-1 infection may influence the risk of oral herpes and/or the severity of associated oral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zuo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J. Charles Whitbeck
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gabriel J. Haila
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Abraham A. Hakim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Paul W. Rothlauf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Roselyn J. Eisenberg
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gary H. Cohen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Claude Krummenacher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
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13
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Meng Q, Zaidi AK, Sedy J, Bensussan A, Popkin DL. Soluble Fc-Disabled Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Augments Activation and Cytotoxicity of NK Cells by Promoting Cross-Talk between NK Cells and Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:2057-2068. [PMID: 30770415 PMCID: PMC6424646 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD160 is highly expressed by NK cells and is associated with cytolytic effector activity. Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) activates NK cells for cytokine production and cytolytic function via CD160. Fc-fusions are a well-established class of therapeutics, where the Fc domain provides additional biological and pharmacological properties to the fusion protein including enhanced serum t 1/2 and interaction with Fc receptor-expressing immune cells. We evaluated the specific function of HVEM in regulating CD160-mediated NK cell effector function by generating a fusion of the HVEM extracellular domain with human IgG1 Fc bearing CD16-binding mutations (Fc*) resulting in HVEM-(Fc*). HVEM-(Fc*) displayed reduced binding to the Fc receptor CD16 (i.e., Fc-disabled HVEM), which limited Fc receptor-induced responses. HVEM-(Fc*) functional activity was compared with HVEM-Fc containing the wild type human IgG1 Fc. HVEM-(Fc*) treatment of NK cells and PBMCs caused greater IFN-γ production, enhanced cytotoxicity, reduced NK fratricide, and no change in CD16 expression on human NK cells compared with HVEM-Fc. HVEM-(Fc*) treatment of monocytes or PBMCs enhanced the expression level of CD80, CD83, and CD40 expression on monocytes. HVEM-(Fc*)-enhanced NK cell activation and cytotoxicity were promoted via cross-talk between NK cells and monocytes that was driven by cell-cell contact. In this study, we have shown that soluble Fc-disabled HVEM-(Fc*) augments NK cell activation, IFN-γ production, and cytotoxicity of NK cells without inducing NK cell fratricide by promoting cross-talk between NK cells and monocytes without Fc receptor-induced effects. Soluble Fc-disabled HVEM-(Fc*) may be considered as a research and potentially therapeutic reagent for modulating immune responses via sole activation of HVEM receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglai Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006, China
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Asifa K Zaidi
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - John Sedy
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM UMR 976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Daniel L Popkin
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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14
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Maeda T, Suetake H, Odaka T, Miyadai T. Original Ligand for LTβR Is LIGHT: Insight into Evolution of the LT/LTβR System. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:202-214. [PMID: 29769272 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The lymphotoxin (LT)/LTβ receptor (LTβR) axis is crucial for the regulation of immune responses and development of lymphoid tissues in mammals. Despite the importance of this pathway, the existence and function of LT and LTβR remain obscure for nonmammalian species. In this study, we report a nonmammalian LTβR and its ligand. We demonstrate that TNF-New (TNFN), which has been considered orthologous to mammalian LT, was expressed on the cell surface as a homomer in vitro. This different protein structure indicates that TNFN is not orthologous to mammalian LTα and LTβ. Additionally, we found that LTβR was conserved in teleosts, but the soluble form of recombinant fugu LTβR did not bind to membrane TNFN under the circumstance tested. Conversely, the LTβR recombinant bound to another ligand, LIGHT, similar to that of mammals. These findings indicate that teleost LTβR is originally a LIGHT receptor. In the cytoplasmic region of fugu LTβR, recombinant fugu LTβR bound to the adaptor protein TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 2, but little to TRAF3. This difference suggests that teleost LTβR could potentially activate the classical NF-κB pathway with a novel binding domain, but would have little ability to activate an alternative one. Collectively, our results suggested that LIGHT was the original ligand for LTβR, and that the teleost immune system lacked the LT/LTβR pathway. Acquisition of the LT ligand and TRAF binding domain after lobe-finned fish may have facilitated the sophistication of the immune system and lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Maeda
- Graduate School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; and
| | - Hiroaki Suetake
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Odaka
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miyadai
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
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15
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Desai P, Tahiliani V, Hutchinson TE, Dastmalchi F, Stanfield J, Abboud G, Thomas PG, Ware CF, Song J, Croft M, Salek-Ardakani S. The TNF Superfamily Molecule LIGHT Promotes the Generation of Circulating and Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells following an Acute Respiratory Virus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2894-2904. [PMID: 29514949 PMCID: PMC5893426 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The transition of effector T cells or memory precursors into distinct long-lived memory T cell subsets is not well understood. Although many molecules made by APCs can contribute to clonal expansion and effector cell differentiation, it is not clear if clonal contraction and memory development is passive or active. Using respiratory virus infection, we found that CD8 T cells that cannot express the TNF family molecule lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT) are unimpaired in their initial response and clonally expand to form effector cell pools. Thereafter, LIGHT-deficient CD8 T cells undergo strikingly enhanced clonal contraction with resultant compromised accumulation of both circulating and tissue-resident memory cells. LIGHT expression at the peak of the effector response regulates the balance of several pro- and antiapoptotic genes, including Akt, and has a preferential impact on the development of the peripheral memory population. These results underscore the importance of LIGHT activity in programming memory CD8 T cell development, and suggest that CD8 effector T cells can dictate their own fate into becoming memory cells by expressing LIGHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh Desai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Vikas Tahiliani
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Tarun E Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Farhad Dastmalchi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jessica Stanfield
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Georges Abboud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Carl F Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610;
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16
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Vashist N, Trittel S, Ebensen T, Chambers BJ, Guzmán CA, Riese P. Influenza-Activated ILC1s Contribute to Antiviral Immunity Partially Influenced by Differential GITR Expression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:505. [PMID: 29623077 PMCID: PMC5874297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent diversified subsets of effector cells as well as immune regulators of mucosal immunity and are classified into group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs, and group 3 ILCs. Group 1 ILCs encompass natural killer (NK) cells and non-NK ILCs (ILC1s) and mediate their functionality via the rapid production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. The current knowledge of ILC1s mainly associates them to inflammatory processes. Much less is known about their regulation during infection and their capacity to interact with cells of the adaptive immune system. The present study dissected the role of ILC1s during early influenza A virus infection, thereby revealing their impact on the antiviral response. Exploiting in vitro and in vivo H1N1 infection systems, a cross-talk of ILC1s with cells of the innate and the adaptive immunity was demonstrated, which contributes to anti-influenza immunity. A novel association of ILC1 functionality and the expression of the glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) was observed, which hints toward a so far undescribed role of GITR in regulating ILC1 responsiveness. Overexpression of GITR inhibits IFN-γ production by ILC1s, whereas partial reduction of GITR expression can reverse this effect, thereby regulating ILC1 functionality. These new insights into ILC1 biology define potential intervention targets to modulate the functional properties of ILC1s, thus contributing toward the development of new immune interventions against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vashist
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Trittel
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peggy Riese
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Ley K, Gerdes N, Winkels H. ATVB Distinguished Scientist Award: How Costimulatory and Coinhibitory Pathways Shape Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:764-777. [PMID: 28360089 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.308611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune cells play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and CD28 immunoglobulin superfamilies not only shape T-cell and B-cell responses but also have a major effect on antigen-presenting cells and nonimmune cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition or activation of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules and genetic deletion demonstrated their involvement in atherosclerosis. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways shape the immune response in atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Insights gained from costimulatory and coinhibitory molecule function in atherosclerosis may inform future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA (K.L., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (N.G.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (N.G.).
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA (K.L., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (N.G.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (N.G.)
| | - Holger Winkels
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA (K.L., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (N.G.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (N.G.)
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18
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B Virus (Macacine Herpesvirus 1) Divergence: Variations in Glycoprotein D from Clinical and Laboratory Isolates Diversify Virus Entry Strategies. J Virol 2016; 90:9420-32. [PMID: 27512063 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00799-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED B virus (Macacine herpesvirus 1) can cause deadly zoonotic disease in humans. Molecular mechanisms of B virus cell entry are poorly understood for both macaques and humans. Here we investigated the abilities of clinical B virus isolates to use entry receptors of herpes simplex viruses (HSV). We showed that resistant B78H1 cells became susceptible to B virus clinical strains upon expression of either human nectin-2 or nectin-1. Antibody against glycoprotein D (gD) protected these nectin-bearing cells from B virus infection, and a gD-negative recombinant B virus failed to enter these cells, indicating that the nectin-mediated B virus entry depends on gD. We observed that the infectivity of B virus isolates with a single amino acid substitution (D122N) in the IgV-core of the gD ectodomain was impaired on nectin-1-bearing cells. Computational homology-based modeling of the B virus gD-nectin-1 complex revealed conformational differences between the structures of the gD-122N and gD-122D variants that affected the gD-nectin-1 protein-protein interface and binding affinity. Unlike HSV, B virus clinical strains were unable to use herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) as a receptor, regardless of conservation of the gD amino acid residues essential for HSV-1 entry via HVEM. Based on the model of the B virus gD-HVEM interface, we predict that residues R7, R11, and G15 are largely responsible for the inability of B virus to utilize HVEM for entry. The ability of B virus to enter cells of a human host by using a combination of receptors distinct from those for HSV-1 or HSV-2 suggests a possible mechanism of enhanced neuropathogenicity associated with zoonotic infections. IMPORTANCE B virus causes brainstem destruction in infected humans in the absence of timely diagnosis and intervention. Nectins are cell adhesion molecules that are widely expressed in human tissues, including neurons and neuronal synapses. Here we report that human nectin-2 is a target receptor for B virus entry, in addition to the reported receptor human nectin-1. Similar to a B virus lab strain, B virus clinical strains can effectively use both nectin-1 and nectin-2 as cellular receptors for entry into human cells, but unlike HSV-1 and HSV-2, none of the clinical strains uses an HVEM-mediated entry pathway. Ultimately, these differences between B virus and HSV-1 and -2 may provide insight into the neuropathogenicity of B virus during zoonotic infections.
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19
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Okwor I, Uzonna JE. Pathways leading to interleukin-12 production and protective immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cell Immunol 2016; 309:32-36. [PMID: 27394077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis affects millions of people worldwide and continues to pose public health problem. There is extensive evidence supporting the critical role for IL-12 in initiating and maintaining protective immune response to Leishmania infection. Although gene deletion studies show that CD40-CD40L interaction is an important pathway for IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells and subsequent development of protective immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis, several studies have uncovered other pathways that could also lead to IL-12 production and immunity in the absence of intact CD40-CD40L signaling. Here, we review the literature on the role of IL-12 in the induction and maintenance of protective T cell-mediated immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis and the different pathways leading to IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells following Leishmania major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0T5, Canada.
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0T5, Canada
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20
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The Expression of BTLA Was Increased and the Expression of HVEM and LIGHT Were Decreased in the T Cells of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis [corrected]. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155345. [PMID: 27183113 PMCID: PMC4868345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not clearly understood. The LIGHT/HVEM/BTLA co-signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA, although reports on the expression levels of LIGHT, HVEM and BTLA in T lymphocytes from RA patients are limited. Method In this study, we recruited 30 healthy controls and 21 RA patients. Clinical characteristics were collected for RA patients. The levels of LIGHT, HVEM and BTLA expressed on the surface of circulating T cells of RA patients and healthy controls were measured by flow cytometry. Result The percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes that expressed BTLA from RA patients were all higher than those of the controls (all p < 0.05), while the percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes that expressed HVEM and LIGHT were all lower than those of the controls (all p < 0.05). The rheumatoid factor and the percentage of HVEM+CD4+ T lymphocytes showed a statistically significant negative correlation in RA patients (r = -0.453, p = 0.039), as did the swollen joint count and the percentage of BTLA+CD8+ T lymphocytes (r = -0.501, p = 0.021). Conclusion Here, we provide the first report on the increased expression of BTLA in T lymphocytes and on the decreased expression of HVEM and LIGHT in RA patients. BTLA, HVEM and LIGHT might be involved in the pathogenesis of RA and have the potential to be new clinically useful characteristics of RA.
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21
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Fernandes MT, Dejardin E, dos Santos NR. Context-dependent roles for lymphotoxin-β receptor signaling in cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1865:204-19. [PMID: 26923876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The LTα1β2 and LIGHT TNF superfamily cytokines exert pleiotropic physiological functions through the activation of their cognate lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR). Interestingly, since the discovery of these proteins, accumulating evidence has pinpointed a role for LTβR signaling in carcinogenesis. Early studies have shown a potential anti-tumoral role in a subset of solid cancers either by triggering apoptosis in malignant cells or by eliciting an anti-tumor immune response. However, more recent studies provided robust evidence that LTβR signaling is also involved in diverse cell-intrinsic and microenvironment-dependent pro-oncogenic mechanisms, affecting several solid and hematological malignancies. Consequently, the usefulness of LTβR signaling axis blockade has been investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer. Considering the seemingly opposite roles of LTβR signaling in diverse cancer types and their key implications for therapy, we here extensively review the different mechanisms by which LTβR activation affects carcinogenesis, focusing on the diverse contexts and different models assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica T Fernandes
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Research, Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Nuno R dos Santos
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal; Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto 4200, Portugal.
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del Rio ML, Fernandez-Renedo C, Chaloin O, Scheu S, Pfeffer K, Shintani Y, Perez-Simon JA, Schneider P, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI. Immunotherapeutic targeting of LIGHT/LTβR/HVEM pathway fully recapitulates the reduced cytotoxic phenotype of LIGHT-deficient T cells. MAbs 2016; 8:478-90. [PMID: 26752542 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1132130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily members play essential roles in the development of the different phases of the immune response. Mouse LIGHT (TNFSF14) is a type II transmembrane protein with a C-terminus extracellular TNF homology domain (THD) that assembles in homotrimers and regulates the course of the immune responses by signaling through 2 receptors, the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM, TNFRSF14) and the lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR, TNFRSF3). LIGHT is a membrane-bound protein transiently expressed on activated T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and immature dendritic cells that can be proteolytically cleaved by a metalloprotease and released to the extracellular milieu. The immunotherapeutic potential of LIGHT blockade was evaluated in vivo. Administration of an antagonist of LIGHT interaction with its receptors attenuated the course of graft-versus-host reaction and recapitulated the reduced cytotoxic activity of LIGHT-deficient T cells adoptively transferred into non-irradiated semiallogeneic recipients. The lack of LIGHT expression on donor T cells or blockade of LIGHT interaction with its receptors slowed down the rate of T cell proliferation and decreased the frequency of precursor alloreactive T cells, retarding T cell differentiation toward effector T cells. The blockade of LIGHT/LTβR/HVEM pathway was associated with delayed downregulation of interleukin-7Rα and delayed upregulation of inducible costimulatory molecule expression on donor alloreactive CD8 T cells that are typical features of impaired T cell differentiation. These results expose the relevance of LIGHT/LTβR/HVEM interaction for the potential therapeutic control of the allogeneic immune responses mediated by alloreactive CD8 T cells that can contribute to prolong allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa del Rio
- a Transplantation Immunobiology Section, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon and Castilla and Leon Regional Transplantation Coordination, Leon University Hospital , Leon , Spain
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Renedo
- a Transplantation Immunobiology Section, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon and Castilla and Leon Regional Transplantation Coordination, Leon University Hospital , Leon , Spain
| | - Olivier Chaloin
- b CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 15 rue René Descartes , Strasbourg , France
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- c Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Geb. 22.21 , Duesseldorf , D-40225 Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- c Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Geb. 22.21 , Duesseldorf , D-40225 Germany
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- d Department of International Affairs , Japan Science and Technology Agency, K´s Gobancho 7 , Gobancho Chiyoda-Ku , Tokyo , 102-0076 , Japan
| | - Jose-Antonio Perez-Simon
- e Department of Hematology , University Hospital Virgen del Rocio / Institute of Biomedicine (IBIS / CSIC) , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Pascal Schneider
- f Department of Biochemistry , University of Lausanne , 1066 Epalinges , Switzerland
| | - Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa
- a Transplantation Immunobiology Section, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon and Castilla and Leon Regional Transplantation Coordination, Leon University Hospital , Leon , Spain
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Johansson-Percival A, Li ZJ, Lakhiani D, He B, Wang X, Hamzah J, Ganss R. Intratumoral LIGHT Restores Pericyte Contractile Properties and Vessel Integrity. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2687-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Albarbar B, Dunnill C, Georgopoulos NT. Regulation of cell fate by lymphotoxin (LT) receptor signalling: Functional differences and similarities of the LT system to other TNF superfamily (TNFSF) members. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:659-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Śledzińska A, Menger L, Bergerhoff K, Peggs KS, Quezada SA. Negative immune checkpoints on T lymphocytes and their relevance to cancer immunotherapy. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1936-65. [PMID: 26578451 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'inhibitory checkpoint' refers to the broad spectrum of co-receptors expressed by T cells that negatively regulate T cell activation thus playing a crucial role in maintaining peripheral self-tolerance. Co-inhibitory receptor ligands are highly expressed by a variety of malignancies allowing evasion of anti-tumour immunity. Recent studies demonstrate that manipulation of these co-inhibitory pathways can remove the immunological brakes that impede endogenous immune responses against tumours. Antibodies that block the interactions between co-inhibitory receptors and their ligands have delivered very promising clinical responses, as has been shown by recent successful trials targeting the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action and expression pattern of co-inhibitory receptors on different T cells subsets, emphasising differences between CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. We also summarise recent clinical findings utilising immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Śledzińska
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Laurie Menger
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Karl S Peggs
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK.
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Kotani T, Takeuchi T, Ishida T, Masutani R, Isoda K, Hata K, Yoshida S, Makino S, Hanafusa T. Increased Serum LIGHT Levels Correlate with Disease Progression and Severity of Interstitial Pneumonia in Patients with Dermatomyositis: A Case Control Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140117. [PMID: 26448572 PMCID: PMC4598117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated CD8+ T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis (DM) with interstitial pneumonia (IP). Serum CD8+ T-cell activator, LIGHT, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines were measured in DM-IP patients and compared with clinical parameters to investigate their usefulness. METHODS The correlations between the clinical findings and serum LIGHT and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine levels were investigated in 21 patients with DM-IP (14 with rapidly progressive IP [RPIP] and 7 with chronic IP [CIP], including 4 fatal cases of IP). RESULTS The median serum LIGHT level was 119 (16-335.4) pg/ml, which was higher than that in healthy control subjects and DM patients without IP. The median serum IL-6 level was 14.7 (2.4-154.5) pg/ml (n = 13). The other cytokines were detected in only a few patients. The median serum LIGHT level in DM-RPIP patients (156 [49.6-335.4] pg/ml) was significantly higher than that in DM-CIP patients (94.3 [16-164.2] pg/ml) (P = 0.02). The serum IL-6 level did not correlate with either progression or outcome of DM-IP. ROC curve analysis determined a serum LIGHT level of ≥120 pg/ml to be the cut-off value for the rapid progression of DM-IP. Serum LIGHT levels correlated significantly with %DLco (R = 0.55, P = 0.04) and total ground-glass opacity scores (R = 0.72, P = 0.0002). The serum LIGHT level significantly decreased to 100.5 (12.4-259.3) pg/ml 4 weeks after treatment initiation (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The serum LIGHT level may be a promising marker of disease progression and severity in patients with DM-IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kotani
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tohru Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ishida
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Masutani
- Department of Central Laboratory, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Isoda
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuzo Yoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Makino
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hanafusa
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Liu W, Vigdorovich V, Zhan C, Patskovsky Y, Bonanno JB, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Increased Heterologous Protein Expression in Drosophila S2 Cells for Massive Production of Immune Ligands/Receptors and Structural Analysis of Human HVEM. Mol Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Turnis ME, Andrews LP, Vignali DAA. Inhibitory receptors as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1892-905. [PMID: 26018646 PMCID: PMC4549156 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells control immune responses while limiting autoimmunity. However, tumors can hijack these "checkpoints" for protection from immune attack. Tumor-specific T cells that exhibit an exhausted, unresponsive phenotype express high levels of inhibitory receptors including CTLA4, PD1, and LAG3, among others. Intratumoral regulatory T cells promote immunosuppression and also express multiple inhibitory receptors. Overcoming this inhibitory receptor-mediated immune tolerance has thus been a major focus of recent cancer immunotherapeutic developments. Here, we review how boosting the host's immune system by blocking inhibitory receptor signaling with antagonistic mAbs restores the capacity of T cells to drive durable antitumor immune responses. Clinical trials targeting the CTLA4 and PD1 pathways have shown durable effects in multiple tumor types. Many combinatorial therapies are currently being investigated with encouraging results that highlight enhanced antitumor immunogenicity and improved patient survival. Finally, we will discuss the ongoing identification and dissection of novel T-cell inhibitory receptor pathways, which could lead to the development of new combinatorial therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Turnis
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hafidh RR, Abdulamir AS, Abu Bakar F, Sekawi Z, Jahansheri F, Jalilian FA. Novel antiviral activity of mung bean sprouts against respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus -1: an in vitro study on virally infected Vero and MRC-5 cell lines. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:179. [PMID: 26062546 PMCID: PMC4461985 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New sources for discovering novel antiviral agents are desperately needed. The current antiviral products are both expensive and not very effective. METHODS The antiviral activity of methanol extract of mung bean sprouts (MBS), compared to Ribavarin and Acyclovir, on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Herpes Simplex virus -1 (HSV-1) was investigated using cytotoxicity, virus yield reduction, virucidal activity, and prophylactic activity assays on Vero and MRC-5 cell lines. Moreover, the level of antiviral cytokines, IFNβ, TNFα, IL-1, and IL-6 was assessed in MBS-treated, virally infected, virally infected MBS-treated, and control groups of MRC-5 cells using ELISA. RESULTS MBS extract showed reduction factors (RF) 2.2 × 10 and 0.5 × 10(2) for RSV and HSV-1, respectively. The 2 h incubation virucidal and prophylactic selectivity indices (SI) of MBS on RSV were 14.18 and 12.82 versus Ribavarin SI of 23.39 and 21.95, respectively, and on HSV-1, SI were 18.23 and 10.9 versus Acyclovir, 22.56 and 15.04, respectively. All SI values were >10 indicating that MBS has a good direct antiviral and prophylactic activities on both RSV and HSV-1. Moreover, interestingly, MBS extract induced vigorously IFNβ, TNFα, IL-1, and IL-6 cytokines in MRC-5 infected-treated group far more than other groups (P < 0.05) and induced TNFα and IL-6 in treated group more than infected group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MBS extract has potent antiviral and to a lesser extent, prophylactic activities against both RSV and HSV-1, and in case of HSV-1, these activities were comparable to Acyclovir. Part of the underlying mechanism(s) of these activities is attributed to MBS potential to remarkably induce antiviral cytokines in human cells. Hence, we infer that MBS methanol extract could be used as such or as purified active component in protecting and treating RSV and HSV-1 infections. More studies are needed to pinpoint the exact active components responsible for the MBS antiviral activities.
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Seifeldin NS, El Sayed SB, Asaad MK, Aly AA. Role of the tumor necrosis factor family member LIGHT in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e376-82. [PMID: 26043794 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LIGHT (the name of which is derived from "homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes simplex virus entry mediator, and expressed by T lymphocytes"), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that is involved in various inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES To assess serum LIGHT levels in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) before and after treatment and compare it with controls. To correlate serum LIGHT with the severity scoring of AD (SCORAD) index. Another objective is to compare LIGHT levels between lesional skin in patients with AD and controls. METHODS Twenty patients with AD and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum LIGHT levels were examined using an enzyme immunoassay technique. Serum total IgE levels, absolute eosinophil count, and eosinophil percentage were also done for both patients and controls. The SCORAD index was done for every patient before and after treatment. Skin LIGHT levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and compared with control skin. RESULTS Serum LIGHT levels in patients with AD were significantly higher than that of healthy controls and correlated positively with SCORAD index. LIGHT concentrations decreased as the symptoms were improved by treatment. A significant correlation was found on comparing the LIGHT serum levels and other established markers of disease severity. LIGHT levels in lesional skin in these patients were markedly higher than LIGHT levels in normal skin. CONCLUSION LIGHT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. This may presumably have possible future implications on the treatment of this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Salah Seifeldin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Bendary El Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Kamal Asaad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ahmed Aly
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Okwor I, Xu G, Tang H, Liang Y, Fu YX, Uzonna JE. Deficiency of CD40 Reveals an Important Role for LIGHT in Anti-Leishmania Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:194-202. [PMID: 26026056 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that LIGHT and its receptor herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) are important for development of optimal CD4(+) Th1 cell immunity and resistance to primary Leishmania major infection in mice. In this study, we further characterized the contributions of this molecule in dendritic cell (DC) maturation, initiation, and maintenance of primary immunity and secondary anti-Leishmania immunity. Flow-cytometric studies showed that CD8α(+) DC subset was mostly affected by HVEM-Ig and lymphotoxin β receptor-Ig treatment. LIGHT signaling is required at both the priming and the maintenance stages of primary anti-Leishmania immunity but is completely dispensable during secondary immunity in wild type mice. However, LIGHT blockade led to impaired IL-12 and IFN-γ responses and loss of resistance in healed CD40-deficient mice after L. major challenge. The protective effect of LIGHT was mediated primarily via its interaction with lymphotoxin β receptor on CD8α(+) DCs. Collectively, our results show that although LIGHT is critical for maintenance of primary Th1 response, it is dispensable during secondary anti-Leishmania immunity in the presence of functional CD40 signaling as seen in wild type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Guilian Xu
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haidong Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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Therapeutic blockade of LIGHT interaction with herpesvirus entry mediator and lymphotoxin β receptor attenuates in vivo cytotoxic allogeneic responses. Transplantation 2015; 98:1165-74. [PMID: 25226173 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members conform a group of molecular interaction pathways of essential relevance during the process of T-cell activation and differentiation toward effector cells and particularly for the maintenance phase of the immune response. Specific blockade of these interacting pathways, such as CD40-CD40L, contributes to modulate the deleterious outcome of allogeneic immune responses. We postulated that antagonizing the interaction of LIGHT expression on activated T cells with its receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator and lymphotoxin β receptor, may decrease T cell-mediated allogeneic responses. METHODS A flow cytometry competition assay was designed to identify anti-LIGHT monoclonal antibodies capable to prevent the interaction of mouse LIGHT with its receptors expressed on transfected cells. An antibody with the desired specificity was evaluated in a short-term in vivo allogeneic cytotoxic assay and tested for its ability to detect endogenous mouse LIGHT. RESULTS We provide evidence for the first time that in mice, as previously described in humans, LIGHT protein is rapidly and transiently expressed after T-cell activation, and this expression was stronger on CD8 T cells than on CD4 T cells. Two anti-LIGHT antibodies prevented interactions of mouse LIGHT with its two known receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator and lymphotoxin β receptor. In vivo administration of anti-LIGHT antibody (clone 10F12) ameliorated host antidonor short-term cytotoxic response in wild type B6 mice, although to a lesser extent than that observed in LIGHT-deficient mice. CONCLUSION The therapeutic targeting of LIGHT may contribute to achieve a better control of cytotoxic responses refractory to current immunosuppressive drugs in transplantation.
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Licensed human natural killer cells aid dendritic cell maturation via TNFSF14/LIGHT. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5688-96. [PMID: 25512551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411072112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) aid DC maturation and promote T-cell responses. Here, we have analyzed the response of human NK cells to tumor cells, and we identify a pathway by which NK-DC interactions occur. Gene expression profiling of tumor-responsive NK cells identified the very rapid induction of TNF superfamily member 14 [TNFSF14; also known as homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT)], a cytokine implicated in the enhancement of antitumor responses. TNFSF14 protein expression was induced by three primary mechanisms of NK cell activation, namely, via the engagement of CD16, by the synergistic activity of multiple target cell-sensing NK-cell activation receptors, and by the cytokines IL-2 and IL-15. For antitumor responses, TNFSF14 was preferentially produced by the licensed NK-cell population, defined by the expression of inhibitory receptors specific for self-MHC class I molecules. In contrast, IL-2 and IL-15 treatment induced TNFSF14 production by both licensed and unlicensed NK cells, reflecting the ability of proinflammatory conditions to override the licensing mechanism. Importantly, both tumor- and cytokine-activated NK cells induced DC maturation in a TNFSF14-dependent manner. The coupling of TNFSF14 production to tumor-sensing NK-cell activation receptors links the tumor immune surveillance function of NK cells to DC maturation and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, regulation by NK cell licensing helps to safeguard against TNFSF14 production in response to healthy tissues.
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Bechill J, Muller WJ. Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) attenuates signals mediated by the lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) in human cells stimulated by the shared ligand LIGHT. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:96-103. [PMID: 24980868 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Signals mediated by members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily modulate a network of diverse processes including initiation of inflammatory responses and altering cell fate between pathways favoring survival and death. Although such pathways have been well-described for the TNF-α receptor, less is known about signaling induced by the TNF superfamily member LIGHT and how it is differentially altered by expression of its two receptors LTβR and HVEM in the same cell. We used cell lines with different relative expression of HVEM and LTβR to show that LIGHT-induced signals mediated by these receptors were associated with altered TRAF2 stability and RelA nuclear translocation. Production of the inflammatory chemokine CXCL10 was primarily mediated by LTβR. Higher expression of HVEM was associated with cell survival, while unopposed LTβR signaling favored pathways leading to apoptosis. Importantly, restoring HVEM expression in cells with low endogenous expression recapitulated the phenotype of cells with higher endogenous expression. Together, our data provide evidence that relative expression of HVEM and LTβR modulates canonical NF-κB and pro-apoptotic signals stimulated by LIGHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bechill
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 310 East Superior Street, Morton 4-685, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 310 East Superior Street, Morton 4-685, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
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Effect of tumor necrosis factor family member LIGHT (TNFSF14) on the activation of basophils and eosinophils interacting with bronchial epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:136463. [PMID: 24782592 PMCID: PMC3982468 DOI: 10.1155/2014/136463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma can cause airway structural remodeling, involving the accumulation of extracellular matrix and thickening of smooth muscle. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family ligand LIGHT (TNFSF14) is a cytokine that binds herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM)/TNFRSF14 and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR). LIGHT induces asthmatic cytokine IL-13 and fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor-β release from allergic asthma-related eosinophils expressing HVEM and alveolar macrophages expressing LTβR, respectively, thereby playing crucial roles in asthmatic airway remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of LIGHT on the coculture of human basophils/eosinophils and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines/chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry, multiplex, assay or ELISA. Results showed that LIGHT could significantly promote intercellular adhesion, cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, release of airway remodeling-related IL-6, CXCL8, and MMP-9 from BEAS-2B cells upon interaction with basophils/eosinophils, probably via the intercellular interaction, cell surface receptors HVEM and LTβR on BEAS-2B cells, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The above results, therefore, enhance our understanding of the immunopathological roles of LIGHT in allergic asthma and shed light on the potential therapeutic targets for airway remodeling.
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HUANG YI, ZHAO YAN, RAN XUEMEI, WANG CHANGZHENG. Increased expression of herpesvirus entry mediator in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells promotes the generation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:813-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Maña P, Liñares D, Silva DG, Fordham S, Scheu S, Pfeffer K, Staykova M, Bertram EM. LIGHT (TNFSF14/CD258) Is a Decisive Factor for Recovery from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:154-63. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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del Rio ML, Schneider P, Fernandez-Renedo C, Perez-Simon JA, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI. LIGHT/HVEM/LTβR interaction as a target for the modulation of the allogeneic immune response in transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:541-51. [PMID: 23356438 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of information during interactions of T cells with dendritic cells, B cells or other T cells regulates the course of T, B and DC-cell activation and their differentiation into effector cells. The tumor necrosis factor superfamily member LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxin, exhibits inducible expression and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for binding to herpesvirus entry mediator, a receptor expressed on T lymphocytes) is transiently expressed upon T cell activation and modulates CD8 T cell-mediated alloreactive responses upon herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) engagement. LIGHT-deficient mice, or WT mice treated with LIGHT-targeting decoy receptors HVEM-Ig, LTβR-Ig or sDcR3-Ig, exhibit prolonged graft survival compared to untreated controls, suggesting that LIGHT modulates the course and severity of graft rejection. Therefore, targeting the interaction of LIGHT with HVEM and/or LTβR using recombinant soluble decoy receptors or monoclonal antibodies represent an innovative therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of allograft rejection and for the promotion of donor-specific tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L del Rio
- Transplantation Immunobiology Section, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
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Bakdash G, Sittig SP, van Dijk T, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. The nature of activatory and tolerogenic dendritic cell-derived signal II. Front Immunol 2013; 4:53. [PMID: 23450201 PMCID: PMC3584294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central in maintaining the intricate balance between immunity and tolerance by orchestrating adaptive immune responses. Being the most potent antigen presenting cells, DCs are capable of educating naïve T cells into a wide variety of effector cells ranging from immunogenic CD4+ T helper cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to tolerogenic regulatory T cells. This education is based on three fundamental signals. Signal I, which is mediated by antigen/major histocompatibility complexes binding to antigen-specific T cell receptors, guarantees antigen specificity. The co-stimulatory signal II, mediated by B7 family molecules, is crucial for the expansion of the antigen-specific T cells. The final step is T cell polarization by signal III, which is conveyed by DC-derived cytokines and determines the effector functions of the emerging T cell. Although co-stimulation is widely recognized to result from the engagement of T cell-derived CD28 with DC-expressed B7 molecules (CD80/CD86), other co-stimulatory pathways have been identified. These pathways can be divided into two groups based on their impact on primed T cells. Whereas pathways delivering activatory signals to T cells are termed co-stimulatory pathways, pathways delivering tolerogenic signals to T cells are termed co-inhibitory pathways. In this review, we discuss how the nature of DC-derived signal II determines the quality of ensuing T cell responses and eventually promoting either immunity or tolerance. A thorough understanding of this process is instrumental in determining the underlying mechanism of disorders demonstrating distorted immunity/tolerance balance, and would help innovating new therapeutic approaches for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Bakdash
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Malmeström C, Gillett A, Jernås M, Khademi M, Axelsson M, Kockum I, Mattsson N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Alfredsson L, Wadenvik H, Lycke J, Olsson T, Olsson B. Serum levels of LIGHT in MS. Mult Scler 2012; 19:871-6. [PMID: 23037546 DOI: 10.1177/1352458512463766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a polymorphism in the LIGHT gene was shown to increase the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate if serum levels of LIGHT were affected by this polymorphism and by the disease itself. METHODS Serum levels of LIGHT were investigated in four cohorts; 1) MS (n = 159) and controls (n = 160) in relation to rs1077667 genotype; 2) MS at relapse (n = 30) vs. healthy controls (n = 26); 3) MS (n = 27) vs. other neurological disease (OND, n = 33); and 4) MS patients before and after one year of treatment with natalizumab (n = 30). RESULTS Carriers of the GG genotype had the lowest serum levels of LIGHT (p=0.02). Serum levels of LIGHT were increased in MS at relapse in two separate cohorts: vs. healthy controls (p=0.00005) and vs. remission (p=0.00006), other neurological disease (OND) (p=0.002) and OND with signs of inflammation (iOND; p=0.00005). Furthermore, serum levels of LIGHT were decreased by natalizumab treatment (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Soluble LIGHT is an inhibitor of T-cell activation and GG carriers of rs1077667, with the highest risk for MS, had the lowest serum levels. The increased levels of LIGHT at times of increased MS activity suggest that soluble LIGHT is protective and may act to limit inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clas Malmeström
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Yamsuwan T, Chirathaworn C, Hansasuta P, Bhattarakosol P. HIV-1 replication in HIV-infected individuals is significantly reduced when peripheral blood mononuclear cells are superinfected with HSV-1. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:102843. [PMID: 22973164 PMCID: PMC3438744 DOI: 10.1100/2012/102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause generalized infection in human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) infected patients leading to death. This study investigated HSV-1 replication in PBMCs from 25 HIV-infected individuals and 15 healthy donors and the effects of HSV-1 superinfection on HIV-1 production. Herpes viral entry mediator (HVEM) receptor on T lymphocytes was also evaluated. Our results confirmed that the number of activated (CD3+ and CD38+) T lymphocytes in HIV-infected individuals (46.51 ± 17.54%) was significantly higher than in healthy donors (27.54 ± 14.12%, P value = 0.001) without any significant differences in HVEM expression. Even though the percentages of HSV-1 infected T lymphocytes between HIV-infected individuals (79.25 ± 14.63%) and healthy donors (80.76 ± 7.13%) were not different (P value = 0.922), yet HSV-1 production in HIV-infected individuals (47.34 ± 11.14 × 103 PFU/ml) was significantly greater than that of healthy donors (34.17 ± 8.48 × 103 PFU/ml, P value = 0.001). Moreover, HSV-1 virions were released extracellularly rather than being associated with the cells, and superinfection of HSV-1 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 significantly decreased HIV production (P value < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taneth Yamsuwan
- Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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42
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Pasero C, Speiser DE, Derré L, Olive D. The HVEM network: new directions in targeting novel costimulatory/co-inhibitory molecules for cancer therapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:478-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Priyadharshini B, Greiner DL, Brehm MA. T-cell activation and transplantation tolerance. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2012; 26:212-22. [PMID: 22074786 PMCID: PMC3294261 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of allogeneic or "nonself" tissues stimulates a robust immune response leading to graft rejection, and therefore, most recipients of allogeneic organ transplants require the lifelong use of immune suppressive agents. Excellent outcomes notwithstanding, contemporary immunosuppressive medications are toxic, are often not taken by patients, and pose long-term risks of infection and malignancy. The ultimate goal in transplantation is to develop new treatments that will supplant the need for general immunosuppression. Here, we will describe the development and application of costimulation blockade to induce transplantation tolerance and discuss how the diverse array of signals that act on T cells will determine the balance between graft survival and rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Priyadharshini
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Biotech 2, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Biotech 2, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Michael A. Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Biotech 2, Worcester, MA 01605
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Heo SK, Ju SA, Kim GY, Park SM, Back SH, Park NH, Min YJ, An WG, Nguyen TTH, Kim SM, Kim BS. The presence of high level soluble herpes virus entry mediator in sera of gastric cancer patients. Exp Mol Med 2012; 44:149-58. [PMID: 22113134 PMCID: PMC3296811 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.2.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of gastric cancer (GC) is closely related to chronic inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is a receptor expressed on the surface of leukocytes that mediates potent inflammatory responses in animal models. However, the role of HVEM in human GC has not been studied. Previously, we showed that the interaction of HVEM on human leukocytes with its ligand LIGHT induces intracellular calcium mobilization, which results in inflammatory responses including induction of proinflammatory cytokine production and anti-bacterial activities. In this study, we report that leukocytes from GC patients express lower levels of membrane HVEM (mHVEM) and have lower LIGHT-induced bactericidal activities than those from healthy controls (HC). In contrast, levels of soluble HVEM (sHVEM) in the sera of GC patients were significantly higher than in those of HC. We found that monocyte membrane-bound HVEM is released into the medium when cells are activated by proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8, which are elevated in the sera of GC patients. mHVEM level dropped in parallel with the release of sHVEM, and release was completely blocked by the metalloprotease inhibitor, GM6001. We also found that the low level of mHVEM on GC patient leukocytes was correlated with low LIGHT-induced bactericidal activities against H. pylori and S. aureus and production of reactive oxygen species. Our results indicate that mHVEM on leukocytes and sHVEM in sera may contribute to the development and/or progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Ulsan Ulsan 680-749, Korea
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Kotani H, Masuda K, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Nomiyama T, Soga F, Nin M, Asai J, Kishimoto S, Katoh N. Increased plasma LIGHT levels in patients with atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 168:318-24. [PMID: 22519595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
LIGHT [the name of which is derived from 'homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes simplex virus entry mediator (HVEM), and expressed by T lymphocytes'], is a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily that is involved in various inflammatory diseases. We aimed to estimate the relevance of plasma LIGHT levels as a biomarker for atopic dermatitis (AD). In order to understand the putative role of LIGHT in AD pathogenesis, we also investigate the effects of LIGHT on a monocytic cell line, human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1). We examined plasma LIGHT levels, total serum IgE, serum value of CCL17 and peripheral blood eosinophil counts in patients with AD and healthy subjects. The effects of LIGHT on activation and apoptosis in THP-1 cells were also investigated. The plasma concentrations of LIGHT in AD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals and the concentrations decreased as the symptoms were improved by treatment. The LIGHT plasma concentrations correlated with IgE levels and the Severity Scoring of AD (SCORAD) index. In addition, LIGHT stimulation increased expression of CD86 and induced production of interleukin-1β in THP-1 cells. Apoptosis was inhibited, the Bcl-2 level increased and the caspase-3 level decreased in THP-1 cells stimulated with LIGHT, compared to unstimulated control cells. These results suggest that plasma LIGHT levels may be one of the promising biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kotani
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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del Rio ML, Jones ND, Buhler L, Norris P, Shintani Y, Ware CF, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI. Selective blockade of herpesvirus entry mediator-B and T lymphocyte attenuator pathway ameliorates acute graft-versus-host reaction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4885-96. [PMID: 22490863 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cosignaling network mediated by the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM; TNFRSF14) functions as a dual directional system that involves proinflammatory ligand, lymphotoxin that exhibits inducible expression and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT; TNFSF14), and the inhibitory Ig family member B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). To dissect the differential contributions of HVEM/BTLA and HVEM/LIGHT interactions, topographically-specific, competitive, and nonblocking anti-HVEM Abs that inhibit BTLA binding, but not LIGHT, were developed. We demonstrate that a BTLA-specific competitor attenuated the course of acute graft-versus-host reaction in a murine F(1) transfer semiallogeneic model. Selective HVEM/BTLA blockade did not inhibit donor T cell infiltration into graft-versus-host reaction target organs, but decreased the functional activity of the alloreactive T cells. These results highlight the critical role of HVEM/BTLA pathway in the control of the allogeneic immune response and identify a new therapeutic target for transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa del Rio
- Immunobiology Section, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon, 24007 Leon, Spain
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McGrath MM, Najafian N. The role of coinhibitory signaling pathways in transplantation and tolerance. Front Immunol 2012; 3:47. [PMID: 22566929 PMCID: PMC3342378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative costimulatory molecules, acting through so-called inhibitory pathways, play a crucial role in the control of T cell responses. This negative “second signal” opposes T cell receptor activation and leads to downregulation of T cell proliferation and promotes antigen specific tolerance. Much interest has focused upon these pathways in recent years as a method to control detrimental alloresponses and promote allograft tolerance. However, recent experimental data highlights the complexity of negative costimulatory pathways in alloimmunity. Varying effects are observed from molecules expressed on donor and recipient tissues and also depending upon the activation status of immune cells involved. There appears to be significant overlap and redundancy within these systems, rendering this a challenging area to understand and exploit therapeutically. In this article, we will review the literature at the current time regarding the major negative costimulation pathways including CTLA-4:B7, PD-1:PD-L1/PD-L2 and PD-L1:B7-1, B7-H3, B7-H4, HVEM:BTLA/CD160, and TIM-3:Galectin-9. We aim to outline the role of these pathways in alloimmunity and discuss their potential applications for tolerance induction in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M McGrath
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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48
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Miyagaki T, Sugaya M, Suga H, Morimura S, Ohmatsu H, Fujita H, Asano Y, Tada Y, Kadono T, Sato S. Low herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) expression on dermal fibroblasts contributes to a Th2-dominant microenvironment in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1280-9. [PMID: 22297640 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
LIGHT (lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes) is a ligand for HVEM. LIGHT-HVEM interactions are important in T helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses. In some cases with early stages of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), IL-2, IFN-γ, and Th1 chemokines are expressed in lesional skin, while IL-4, IL-5, and Th2 chemokines are dominant in advanced CTCL. In this study, we investigated roles of LIGHT and HVEM in the microenvironment of CTCL. LIGHT enhanced production of Th1 chemokines, such as CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, from IFN-γ-treated dermal fibroblasts via phosphorylation of inhibitor κBα. Messenger RNA levels of these chemokines were increased in lesional skin of early CTCL. Interestingly, while LIGHT expression in CTCL skin correlated with disease progression, HVEM expression was significantly decreased in advanced CTCL skin. HVEM was detected in dermal fibroblasts in early CTCL skin, but not in advanced CTCL skin in situ. These results suggest that low HVEM expression on dermal fibroblasts in advanced CTCL skin attenuates expression of Th1 chemokines, which may contribute to a shift to a Th2-dominant microenvironment as disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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The role of costimulatory receptors of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family in atherosclerosis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:464532. [PMID: 22235167 PMCID: PMC3253462 DOI: 10.1155/2012/464532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is mediated by both the innate and adaptive immune responses. T lymphocytes, that together with B cells are the cellular effectors of the adaptive immune system, are currently endowed with crucial roles in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Costimulatory receptors are a class of molecules expressed by T lymphocytes that regulate the activation of T cells and the generation of effector T-cell responses. In this review we present the roles of costimulatory receptors of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily in atherosclerosis and discuss the implications for future therapies that could be used to specifically modulate the immune response of pathogenic T cells in this disease.
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50
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Porchia BFMM, Diniz MO, Cariri FAMO, Santana VC, Amorim JH, Balan A, Braga CJM, Ferreira LCS. Purified herpes simplex type 1 glycoprotein D (gD) genetically fused with the type 16 human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein enhances antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and confers protective antitumor immunity. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:2320-30. [PMID: 21985578 DOI: 10.1021/mp200194s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 herpes virus (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) enhances antigen-specific immune responses, particularly CD8(+) T cell responses, in mice immunized with DNA vaccines encoding hybrid proteins genetically fused with the target antigen at a site near the C-terminal end. These effects are attributed to the interaction of gD with the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) and the concomitant blockade of a coinhibitory mechanism mediated by the B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). However, questions concerning the requirement for endogenous synthesis of the antigen or the adjuvant/antigen fusion itself have not been addressed so far. In the present study, we investigated these points using purified recombinant gDs, genetically fused or not with type 16 papilloma virus (HPV-16) E7 oncoprotein. Soluble recombinant gDs, but not denatured forms, retained the ability to bind surface-exposed cellular receptors of HVEM-expressing U937 cells. In addition, in vivo administration of the recombinant proteins, particularly gD genetically fused with E7 (gDE7), promoted the activation of dendritic cells (DC) and antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. More relevantly, mice immunized with the gDE7 protein developed complete preventive and partial therapeutic antitumor protection, as measured in mice following the implantation of TC-1 cells expressing HPV-16 oncoproteins. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the T cell adjuvant effects of the HSV-1 gD protein did not require endogenous synthesis and could be demonstrated in mice immunized with purified recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F M M Porchia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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