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Zhao J, Wei K, Jiang P, Chang C, Xu L, Xu L, Shi Y, Guo S, He D. G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recent Insights into Mechanisms and Functional Roles. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907733. [PMID: 35874704 PMCID: PMC9304905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to joint damage and even disability. Although there are various clinical therapies for RA, some patients still have poor or no response. Thus, the development of new drug targets remains a high priority. In this review, we discuss the role of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including chemokine receptors, melanocortin receptors, lipid metabolism-related receptors, adenosine receptors, and other inflammation-related receptors, on mechanisms of RA, such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, and bone destruction. Additionally, we summarize the latest clinical trials on GPCR targeting to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the development of innovative GPCR-based clinical drugs for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Chang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linshuai Xu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Shi
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Dongyi He,
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Dongyi He,
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Elemam NM, Hachim MY, Hannawi S, Maghazachi AA. Differentially Expressed Genes of Natural Killer Cells Can Distinguish Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients from Healthy Controls. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050492. [PMID: 32365786 PMCID: PMC7290970 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases, while its molecular triggers are not fully understood. A few studies have shown that natural killer (NK) cells may play either a pathogenic or a protective role in RA. In this study, we sought to explore NK cell markers that could be plausibly used in evaluating the differences among healthy controls and RA patients. Publicly available transcriptome datasets from RA patients and healthy volunteers were analyzed, in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 1. different immune cells as compared to NK cells, and 2. NK cells of RA patients and healthy controls. The identified DEGs were validated using 16 healthy controls and 17 RA patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated by Ficoll density gradient method, while NK cells were isolated using RosetteSep technique. RNA was extracted and gene expression was assessed using RT-qPCR. All selected genes were differentially expressed in NK cells compared to PBMCs. CD56, CXCL16, PECAM-1, ITGB7, BTK, TLR10, and IL-1β were significantly upregulated, while CCL2, CCR4, RELA and IBTK were downregulated in the NK cells of RA patients when compared to healthy controls. Therefore, these NK specific genes might be used as promising biomarkers for RA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine and Sharjah, Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (A.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- College of Medicine and Sharjah, Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Suad Hannawi
- Department of Rheumatology, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai 1853, UAE;
| | - Azzam A. Maghazachi
- College of Medicine and Sharjah, Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (A.A.M.)
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Ushio A, Arakaki R, Otsuka K, Yamada A, Tsunematsu T, Kudo Y, Aota K, Azuma M, Ishimaru N. CCL22-Producing Resident Macrophages Enhance T Cell Response in Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2594. [PMID: 30467506 PMCID: PMC6236111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) are critical regulators of immune response and serve as a link between innate and acquired immunity. The precise mechanism of involvement of tissue-resident MΦs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is not clear. Here, using a murine model for Sjögren's syndrome (SS), we investigated the role of tissue-resident MΦs in the onset and development of autoimmunity. Two unique populations of CD11bhigh and CD11blow resident MΦs were observed in the target tissue of the SS model. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of chemokines revealed effective production of CCL22 by the CD11bhigh MΦs. CCL22 upregulated the migratory activity of CD4+ T cells by increasing CCR4, a receptor of CCL22, on T cells in the SS model. In addition, CCL22 enhanced IFN-γ production of T cells of the SS model, thereby suggesting that CCL22 may impair the local immune tolerance in the target organ of the SS model. Moreover, administration of anti-CCL22 antibody suppressed autoimmune lesions in the SS model. Finally, histopathological analysis revealed numerous CCL22-producing MΦs in the minor salivary gland tissue specimens of the SS patients. CCL22-producing tissue-resident MΦs may control autoimmune lesions by enhancing T cell response in the SS model. These results suggest that specific chemokines and their receptors may serve as novel therapeutic or diagnostic targets for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ushio
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiko Aota
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Schmidt AI, Kühlbrey C, Lauch R, Wolff-Vorbeck G, Chikhladze S, Hopt UT, Wittel UA. The predominance of a naive T helper cell subset in the immune response of experimental acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2017; 17:209-218. [PMID: 28258935 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In necrotizing acute pancreatitis (NAP), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) decide overall outcome and mortality. In patients, low lymphocyte counts were found, but T-helper cells seemed to conversely increase. Our aim was to further categorize T-helper cells within the context of NAP induced SIRS and CARS. METHODS NAP was induced by injection of sodium-taurocholate into the common bile duct of male BALB/c mice; sham treated animals received saline infusion. The animals were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h later. Lymphocytes from blood, liver and spleen were isolated and examined by flow cytometry. Staining was performed for CD4, CD8, CD19, CD45RB, CD25, CD69, and CD152. CD4+ cells were sorted for their CD45RB expression and sought for gene regulation associated to TH1/TH2 cells by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS In NAP, CD4+ was solely increased in all compartments. CD8+ remained without substantial alterations. CD45RB showed significant expression in RBhigh in T-helper cells, confirmed by the CD45RBhigh/low ratio (Liver, 24 h: NAP 2.2, SHAM 0.6; p < 0.001). CD45RBhigh and -low cells were not associated to patterns of TH1/TH2 expression. In NAP, CCR4 expression was significantly decreased within RBhigh cells (fold change: 0.04, p < 0.05), while TLR6 showed significant overexpression (fold change: 2.36, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION T-helper cells increase in NAP, leaning towards CD45RBhigh expression. They resemble naive T-cells, in which NAP leads to expression profiles associated with an innate immune response. This suggests new findings in immunological pathomechanisms of NAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Schmidt
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kühlbrey
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Lauch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guido Wolff-Vorbeck
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Chikhladze
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich T Hopt
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe A Wittel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Hillen MR, Moret FM, van der Wurff-Jacobs K, Radstake T, Hack CE, Lafeber F, van Roon J. Targeting CD1c-expressing classical dendritic cells to prevent thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)-mediated T-cell chemotaxis in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2016; 46:11-16. [PMID: 27250804 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2016.1158311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) attracts cells that express the C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4), including CD4 T cells. As expression of CCR4 is increased on peripheral T cells and intra-articular interleukin (IL)-17-producing cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we investigated whether TARC plays a role in the attraction of T cells to the synovial compartment. In addition, we assessed the role of classical dendritic cells (cDCs) in the production of TARC in RA. METHOD TARC was measured in synovial fluid (SF) samples from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Spontaneous and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-induced TARC production by mononuclear cells (MCs) and CD1c cDCs from peripheral blood (PB) and SF was assessed. The role of TARC in CD4 T-cell migration towards cDCs was assessed and the contribution of CD1c-expressing cells to TARC production was studied. RESULTS TARC concentrations were higher in SF of RA patients compared to OA patients. MCs from SF produced TARC spontaneously and produced more TARC upon stimulation than paired PBMCs. Blocking TARC strongly inhibited CD4 T-cell chemotaxis by TSLP-stimulated cDCs, associated with decreased production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Depletion of cDCs from SFMCs strongly reduced TARC production. CONCLUSIONS TARC levels are increased in RA SF and our data indicate that this results from production by SFMCs and in particular CD1c cDCs. TARC attracts T cells and TARC secretion by MCs is crucially dependent on the presence of CD1c cDCs. Considering the potential of SF cDCs to activate T cells and induce pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, targeting intra-articular cDCs constitutes a novel therapeutic approach in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hillen
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Laboratory of Translational Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - F M Moret
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Laboratory of Translational Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Kmg van der Wurff-Jacobs
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Trdj Radstake
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Laboratory of Translational Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - C E Hack
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Laboratory of Translational Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Fpjg Lafeber
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Jag van Roon
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Laboratory of Translational Immunology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
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Eng SWM, Duong TT, Rosenberg AM, Morris Q, Yeung RSM. The biologic basis of clinical heterogeneity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:3463-75. [PMID: 25200124 PMCID: PMC4282094 DOI: 10.1002/art.38875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Childhood arthritis encompasses a heterogeneous family of diseases. Significant variation in clinical presentation remains despite consensus-driven diagnostic classifications. Developments in data analysis provide powerful tools for interrogating large heterogeneous data sets. We report a novel approach to integrating biologic and clinical data toward a new classification for childhood arthritis, using computational biology for data-driven pattern recognition. Methods Probabilistic principal components analysis was used to transform a large set of data into 4 interpretable indicators or composite variables on which patients were grouped by cluster analysis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine key variables in determining indicators and cluster assignment. Results were validated against an independent validation cohort. Results Meaningful biologic and clinical characteristics, including levels of proinflammatory cytokines and measures of disease activity, defined axes/indicators that identified homogeneous patient subgroups by cluster analysis. The new patient classifications resolved major differences between patient subpopulations better than International League of Associations for Rheumatology subtypes. Fourteen variables were identified by sensitivity analysis to crucially determine indicators and clusters. This new schema was conserved in an independent validation cohort. Conclusion Data-driven unsupervised machine learning is a powerful approach for interrogating clinical and biologic data toward disease classification, providing insight into the biology underlying clinical heterogeneity in childhood arthritis. Our analytical framework enabled the recovery of unique patterns from small cohorts and addresses a major challenge, patient numbers, in studying rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon W M Eng
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Al-Banna NA, Vaci M, Slauenwhite D, Johnston B, Issekutz TB. CCR4 and CXCR3 play different roles in the migration of T cells to inflammation in skin, arthritic joints, and lymph nodes. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1633-43. [PMID: 24700244 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CCR4 and CXCR3 are expressed on several T-cell subsets in inflamed tissues, yet their role in tissue-specific recruitment is unclear. We examined the contributions of CCR4 and CXCR3 to T-cell recruitment into inflamed joints in collagen-induced arthritis, antigen-draining lymph nodes (LNs) and dermal inflammatory sites (poly I:C, LPS, concanavalin A, and delayed type hypersensitivity), using labeled activated T cells from CXCR3(-/-), CCR4(-/-), and WT mice. Both CXCR3 and CCR4 deficiency reduced the development of arthritis, but did not affect Th1-cell recruitment to the inflamed joints. Accumulation in inflamed LNs was highly CXCR3 dependent. In contrast, CCR4-deficient Th1 cells had an increased accumulation in these LNs. Migration to all four dermal inflammatory sites by activated Th1 and T cytotoxic cells and memory CD4(+) T cells was partially CXCR3-dependent, but Treg-cell migration was independent of CXCR3. The subset of cells expressing CCR4 has skin-migrating properties, but CCR4 itself is not required for the migration. Thus, migration into these inflamed tissues is CCR4-independent, and partially dependent on CXCR3, except for Treg cells, which require neither receptor. CCR4 may therefore affect retention of T cells in different tissues rather than trafficking out of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Al-Banna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Li X, Chai W, Ni M, Xu M, Lian Z, Shi L, Bai Y, Wang Y. The effects of gene polymorphisms in interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 on the susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis in a Chinese population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:265435. [PMID: 24707478 PMCID: PMC3953475 DOI: 10.1155/2014/265435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to associate with pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the role of IL-4 and IL-6 genetic polymorphisms in RA remains unknown. METHOD A total of 752 unrelated Chinese patients with RA and 798 healthy Chinese volunteers with no family histories of any autoimmune diseases were recruited. The promoter IL-4-590 C/T and IL-6-174 G/C polymorphisms were genotyped. RESULT The genotype distributions and allele frequencies of IL-4-590 C/T and IL-6-174 G/C polymorphisms in RA patients were significantly different from healthy volunteers. Statistically significant differences were observed in genotypes for IL-4-590 and IL-6-174. The frequencies of both the T allele on the IL-4-590 and the C on the IL-6-174 were significantly increased in RA patients. CONCLUSION The IL-4-590 and IL-6-174 promoter polymorphisms may be associated with increased risk of RA and could be used as genetic marker for assessing the susceptibility and severity of RA in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuxing Road No. 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wei Chai
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuxing Road No. 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuxing Road No. 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuxing Road No. 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zijian Lian
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuxing Road No. 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lewis Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Chicago Hospital, Maryland Avenue, Chicago, ll 60673, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuxing Road No. 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuxing Road No. 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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Issekutz AC, Quinn PJ, Lang B, Ramsey S, Huber AM, Rowter D, Karkada M, Issekutz TB. Coexpression of chemokine receptors CCR5, CXCR3, and CCR4 and ligands for P- and E-selectin on T lymphocytes of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:3467-76. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rosenkranz ME, Wilson DC, Marinov AD, Decewicz A, Grof-Tisza P, Kirchner D, Giles B, Reynolds PR, Liebman MN, Kolli VSK, Thompson SD, Hirsch R. Synovial fluid proteins differentiate between the subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1813-23. [PMID: 20222116 DOI: 10.1002/art.27447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases, and no clinically useful prognostic markers to predict disease outcome in children with JIA are currently available. Synovial fluid likely reflects the proteins present in the inflamed synovium. The purpose of this study was to delineate the synovial fluid proteome and determine whether protein expression differs in the different subtypes of JIA. METHODS Synovial fluid samples obtained from children with oligoarticular JIA, polyarticular JIA, or systemic JIA were compared. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for protein separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and quadripole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for protein identification were used for this study. Synovial fluid cells were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of haptoglobin messenger RNA (mRNA). RESULTS The synovial fluid proteome of the samples was delineated. The majority of proteins showed overexpression in JIA synovial fluid as compared with noninflammatory control samples. There were 24 statistically significantly differentially expressed spots (>2-fold change; P < 0.05) between the subtypes of JIA. PCR analysis revealed haptoglobin mRNA, suggesting that haptoglobin is locally produced in an inflamed joint in JIA. CONCLUSION Despite the similar histologic appearance of inflamed joints in patients with different subtypes of JIA, there are differences in protein expression according to the subtype of JIA. Haptoglobin is differentially expressed between the subtypes of JIA and is locally produced in an inflamed joint in JIA. Haptoglobin and other differentially expressed proteins may be potential biomarkers in JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalit E Rosenkranz
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Rheumatology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Scheibel I, Veit T, Neves AG, Souza L, Prezzi S, Machado S, Kohem C, Icarelli M, Xavier R, Brenol JC, Chies JAB. Differential CCR5Δ32 allelic frequencies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtypes: evidence for different regulatory roles of CCR5 in rheumatological diseases. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 37:13-7. [DOI: 10.1080/03009740701631935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mahendra A, Misra R, Aggarwal A. Th1 and Th17 Predominance in the Enthesitis-related Arthritis Form of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1730-6. [PMID: 19531753 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.081179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Th1 biased immune response in synovial fluid has been reported in children with polyarticular and extended oligoarticular-type juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We investigated T cell phenotypes including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg with emphasis on Th17 and Treg, in order to differentiate cytokines in the enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) form of JIA. METHODS The frequencies of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid from patients with ERA and healthy subjects. Levels of interleukin 1ss (IL-1ss), IL-6, IL-21, IL-23, and transforming growth factor ss (TGF-ss), cytokines that influence Th17 lineage cells, were measured in paired plasma and synovial fluid (SF) samples by ELISA. Frequencies are expressed as percentages and cytokine levels as pg/ml. RESULTS There were no differences in blood samples in the frequency of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells between patients and controls. In paired samples, the median frequency of CD4+IFN-gamma+ (20.49 vs 4.03; p < 0.005) and CD4+IL-17+ (2.27 vs 0.57; p < 0.01) cells was significantly higher in SF compared to PB, respectively; whereas the frequency of CD4+IL-4+ (1.79 vs 2.29; p < 0.04) cells was significantly reduced in the SF compared to PB. There was no difference in the frequency of regulatory T cells. Patients receiving methotrexate had fewer Th2 cells, whereas the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire score had a negative association with the frequency of Treg. Median levels of IL-1ss (p < 0.008), IL-6 (p < 0.0001), and IL-17 (p < 0.0001) were higher in SF than in plasma and levels of TGF-ss were lower (p < 0.001). Levels of IL-21 were similar in SF and plasma, whereas IL-23 was undetectable. CONCLUSION In patients with ERA, peripheral blood Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells were unchanged, but Th1 and Th17 cells were increased and Th2 cells were reduced in the SF compared to blood. Elevated IL-1ss and IL-6 in SF may be responsible for increased Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mahendra
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Prahalad S, Glass DN. A comprehensive review of the genetics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2008; 6:11. [PMID: 18644131 PMCID: PMC2515830 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic arthropathy of childhood which is believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The progress in identifying genes underlying JIA susceptibility using candidate gene association studies has been slow. Several associations between JIA and variants in the genes encoding the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have been confirmed and replicated in independent cohorts. However it is clear that genetic variants outside the HLA also influence susceptibility to JIA. While a large number of non-HLA candidate genes have been tested for associations, only a handful of reported associations such as PTPN22 have been validated. In this review we discuss the principles behind genetic studies of complex traits like JIA, and comprehensively catalogue non-HLA candidate-gene association studies performed in JIA to date and review several validated associations. Most candidate gene studies are underpowered and do not detect associations, and those that do are often not replicated. We also discuss the principles behind genome-wide association studies and discuss possible implications for identifying genes underlying JIA. Finally we discuss several genetic variants underlying multiple clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Prahalad
- Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, P.O Box 581289 Salt Lake City, UT 84158-1289, USA
| | - David N Glass
- Professor of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 7030, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Mohan K, Issekutz TB. Blockade of chemokine receptor CXCR3 inhibits T cell recruitment to inflamed joints and decreases the severity of adjuvant arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 179:8463-9. [PMID: 18056393 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.12.8463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes expressing the chemokine receptors, CCR2, CCR5, CXCR3, and CXCR6 are increased in inflamed tissues in rheumatoid arthritis. The role of CXCR3 in autoimmune arthritis induced in Lewis rats was investigated. CXCR3+ T cells migrated 2- to 3-fold more than CXCR3- T cells to inflamed joints in arthritic animals. CXCR3-expressing in vivo Ag-activated T lymphoblasts and in vitro-activated lymph node cells from arthritic animals were strongly recruited to the arthritic joints, and treatment with anti-CXCR3 mAb significantly inhibited this T cell recruitment by 40-60%. Immune T cells from the spleen and lymph nodes of actively immunized arthritic donors adoptively transferred arthritis to naive rats. Treatment with anti-CXCR3 mAb delayed the onset of arthritis and significantly reduced the severity of joint inflammation with a >50% decrease in the clinical arthritis score. Blockade of CXCR3 also significantly reduced the weight loss in the arthritic animals and inhibited neutrophil accumulation in the joints by 50-60%. There was a marked reduction in the leukocyte infiltration of the synovium in the presence of CXCR3 blockade and a decrease in the loss of articular cartilage of the joints. In conclusion, CXCR3 on T cells has an essential role in T cell recruitment to inflamed joints and the development of joint inflammation in adjuvant arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karkada Mohan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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15
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Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-04404-2.10053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Aggarwal A, Agarwal S, Misra R. Chemokine and chemokine receptor analysis reveals elevated interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP)-10/CXCL10 levels and increased number of CCR5+ and CXCR3+ CD4 T cells in synovial fluid of patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 148:515-9. [PMID: 17374135 PMCID: PMC1941930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors play a major role in homing of cells to the site of inflammation. Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis and no data are available on chemokines and their receptors in ERA. Blood (20) and synovial fluid (SF) (11) was collected from patients with ERA, and peripheral blood (PB) was collected from 12 patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), nine patients with systemic onset and 18 healthy controls. Chemokines [interleukin (IL)-10/CXCL10, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)/CCL17 and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5] were measured in serum and SF. Chemokine receptor expression was measured by flow cytometry. There was no difference in blood CD4(+) T cells bearing CCR5, CCR4 and CXCR3 in ERA and healthy controls. In paired samples the median frequency of CCR5(+) CD4(+) T cells was higher in SF compared to PB (15.8 versus 3.9%, P < 0.005), as was the frequency of CXCR3(+) T cells (21.61% versus 12.46%, P < 0.05). Median serum interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10)/CXCL10 levels were higher in patients with ERA compared to controls (139 versus 93 pg/ml; P < 0.05). Further median SF IP-10/CXCL10 levels were higher than the serum levels (2300 pg/ml versus 139 pg/ml; P < 0.01). Serum levels of RANTES/CCL5 were higher in patients (150 ng/ml) compared to control (99 ng/ml; P < 0.01). The SF levels were significantly lower compared to serum (P < 0.05). TARC/CCL17 levels in SF were lower than serum. There is increased homing of CCR5 and CXCR3(+) CD4 cells to the SF. Increased SF levels of IP-10/CXCL10 may be responsible for this migration in patients with ERA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aggarwal
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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Prahalad S, Bohnsack JF, Jorde LB, Whiting A, Clifford B, Dunn D, Weiss R, Moroldo M, Thompson SD, Glass DN, Bamshad MJ. Association of two functional polymorphisms in the CCR5 gene with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Genes Immun 2006; 7:468-75. [PMID: 16775617 PMCID: PMC2927816 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is mediated by Th1-immune responses. In children with JRA, synovial T cells express high levels of the Th1-chemokine receptor CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), which has been implicated in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. To test the hypothesis that genetic variation in CCR5 is associated with susceptibility to JRA, we analyzed patterns of variation in the 5'cis-regulatory region of CCR5 in 124 multiplex families from a JRA-affected sibpair registry. After sequencing the upstream region of CCR5, variants were tested for association with JRA by transmission disequilibrium testing. A single nucleotide polymorphism, C-1835T, was significantly undertransmitted to children with early-onset JRA (P<0.01). C-1835T was genotyped in 424 additional simplex and multiplex families. CCR5-1835T allele was undertransmitted in the cohort of all probands with JRA (P<0.02), as well as in those with early-onset (P<0.01) or pauciarticular JRA (P<0.05). Another variant, a 32-bp deletion in the open reading frame of CCR5 (CCR5-Delta32) was also tested in approximately 700 simplex and multiplex families. CCR5-Delta32 was also significantly undertransmitted to probands with early-onset JRA (P<0.05). Both variants are in regions under natural selection, and result in functional consequences. Our results suggest these CCR5 variants are protective against early-onset JRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prahalad
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2206, USA.
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Kamphuis S, Albani S, Prakken BJ. Heat-shock protein 60 as a tool for novel therapeutic strategies that target the induction of regulatory T cells in human arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2006; 6:579-89. [PMID: 16706605 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.6.6.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In health, immune responses to self are abundantly available, but under strict control of mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Occasionally the immune system loses control and an autoimmune disease develops. At present, treatment of autoimmune disease is based on generalised suppression of all immune responses, and is often needed to be lifelong, leading to long-term toxicities and suppression of protective immune responses against pathogens. A more targeted approach would be to reset the immune system via restoration of failing regulatory mechanisms, and redirect the immune system to a state of tolerance. Over the past decade there have been enormous advances in the understanding of basic processes that control immune tolerance, pushing regulatory T cells forward as targets for novel therapeutic strategies. This review describes the development of antigen-specific immunotherapy that targets the antigen-specific induction of regulatory T cells as a means to treat autoimmune disease. The 'holy grail' for autoimmunity is not the disease-causing antigen, but the disease-curing antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kamphuis
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, IACOPO Institute for Translational Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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de Kleer IM, Albani S, Prakken BJ. T-cell regulation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2217/17460816.1.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Borchers AT, Selmi C, Cheema G, Keen CL, Shoenfeld Y, Gershwin ME. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2005; 5:279-98. [PMID: 16697970 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most enigmatic problems in rheumatology has been juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Firstly, the classification has often depended on clinical features that have variations between patients. Secondly, there are different classification schemes in usage and there are few objective serologic tests that help to resolve the differences between the criteria sets. Thirdly, only recently have significant advances been made in understanding the immunology and immunopathology of JIA and, in particular, new treatment options. In this review, we will define the historical basis of JIA and emphasize not only the clinical features, but also the immunological characteristics, the pathogenesis, and treatment options. We will also discuss, in particular, quality of life, psychosocial functioning, socioeconomic outcomes and the difficult area of mortality. Finally, this review will attempt to bridge genetic observations with clinical presentation. JIA represents a relatively common syndrome of pediatric onset rheumatologic disease and a better understanding of the clinical definition, the relationship to autoimmunity, and novel treatments with biologic agents are critical for improved patient care.
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Abstract
Inflammation evolved to aid in the clearance of microorganisms. In pediatric arthritides, the inflammation persists and causes damage to the joint. The contribution of the innate immune system to inflammation is significant and can be exploited therapeutically. Although cells of the adaptive immune system such as T cells and B cells participate in the disease process, many of the features of arthritis are directly attributable to inflammatory mediators. Recent advances in the understanding of these processes have led to dramatic improvements in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Sullivan
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Freeman CM, Chiu BC, Stolberg VR, Hu J, Zeibecoglou K, Lukacs NW, Lira SA, Kunkel SL, Chensue SW. CCR8 is expressed by antigen-elicited, IL-10-producing CD4+CD25+ T cells, which regulate Th2-mediated granuloma formation in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:1962-70. [PMID: 15699124 PMCID: PMC1599789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.4.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CCR8 was initially described as a Th2 cell-restricted receptor, but this has not been fully tested in vivo. The present study used ex vivo and in vivo approaches to examine the distribution and functional significance of CCR8 among CD4+ T cells. Populations of cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells were generated in primed mice with Th1 or Th2 cell-mediated pulmonary granulomas, respectively elicited by i.v. challenge with either Mycobacteria bovis purified protein derivative- or Schistosoma mansoni egg Ag (SEA)-coated beads. Cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells were isolated from Ag-stimulated draining lymph node cultures by positive selection. Quantitative analysis of cytokine mRNA indicated enriched populations of IFN-gamma-, IL-4-, and IL-10-producing cells. Analysis of chemokine receptor mRNA indicated that IL-10+ cells selectively expressed CCR8 in the SEA bead-elicited type 2 response. The IL-10+CCR8+ populations were CD25+ and CD44+ but lacked enhanced Foxp3 expression. Adoptive transfer to naive recipients indicated that IL-10+ T cells alone could not transfer type 2 inflammation. Analysis of SEA bead-challenged CCR8-/- mice indicated significantly impaired IL-10 production as well as reductions in granuloma eosinophils. Adoptive transfer of CD4+CCR8+/+ T cells corrected cytokine and inflammation defects, but the granuloma eosinophil recruitment defect persisted when donor cells were depleted of IL-10+ cells. Accordingly, local IL-10 production correlated with CCR8 ligand (CCL1) expression and the appearance of CCR8+ cells in granulomatous lungs. Thus, IL-10-producing, CCR8+CD4+CD25+CD44+ T cells are generated during SEA challenge, which augment the Th2-mediated eosinophil-rich response to the parasite Ags.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens, Helminth/administration & dosage
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL1
- Chemokines, CC/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/deficiency
- Cytokines/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors
- Granuloma, Foreign-Body/genetics
- Granuloma, Foreign-Body/immunology
- Granuloma, Foreign-Body/pathology
- Hyaluronan Receptors/biosynthesis
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/pathology
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Microspheres
- Receptors, CCR8
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Schistosoma mansoni/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/parasitology
- Th2 Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo-Chin Chiu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, and
| | - Valerie R. Stolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Jerry Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, and
| | | | | | - Sergio A. Lira
- Center for Immunobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Steven L. Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, and
| | - Stephen W. Chensue
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Stephen W. Chensue, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 113, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. E-mail address:
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Gattorno M, Prigione I, Morandi F, Gregorio A, Chiesa S, Ferlito F, Favre A, Uccelli A, Gambini C, Martini A, Pistoia V. Phenotypic and functional characterisation of CCR7+ and CCR7- CD4+ memory T cells homing to the joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R256-67. [PMID: 15743472 PMCID: PMC1065323 DOI: 10.1186/ar1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterise CCR7+ and CCR7- memory T cells infiltrating the inflamed joints of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to investigate the functional and anatomical heterogeneity of these cell subsets in relation to the expression of the inflammatory chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5. Memory T cells freshly isolated from the peripheral blood and synovial fluid (SF) of 25 patients with JIA were tested for the expression of CCR7, CCR5, CXCR3 and interferon-γ by flow cytometry. The chemotactic activity of CD4 SF memory T cells from eight patients with JIA to inflammatory (CXCL11 and CCL3) and homeostatic (CCL19, CCL21) chemokines was also evaluated. Paired serum and SF samples from 28 patients with JIA were tested for CCL21 concentrations. CCR7, CXCR3, CCR5 and CCL21 expression in synovial tissue from six patients with JIA was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Enrichment of CD4+, CCR7- memory T cells was demonstrated in SF in comparison with paired blood from patients with JIA. SF CD4+CCR7- memory T cells were enriched for CCR5+ and interferon-γ+ cells, whereas CD4+CCR7+ memory T cells showed higher coexpression of CXCR3. Expression of CCL21 was detected in both SF and synovial membranes. SF CD4+ memory T cells displayed significant migration to both inflammatory and homeostatic chemokines. CCR7+ T cells were detected in the synovial tissue in either diffuse perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates or organised lymphoid aggregates. In synovial tissue, a large fraction of CCR7+ cells co-localised with CXCR3, especially inside lymphoid aggregates, whereas CCR5+ cells were enriched in the sublining of the superficial subintima. In conclusion, CCR7 may have a role in the synovial recruitment of memory T cells in JIA, irrespective of the pattern of lymphoid organisation. Moreover, discrete patterns of chemokine receptor expression are detected in the synovial tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Arthritis, Juvenile/blood
- Arthritis, Juvenile/immunology
- Arthritis, Juvenile/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured/physiology
- Chemokine CCL21
- Chemokines, CC/analysis
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/analysis
- Male
- Models, Immunological
- Organ Specificity
- Receptors, CCR5/agonists
- Receptors, CCR5/analysis
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/agonists
- Receptors, Chemokine/analysis
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Synovial Fluid/cytology
- Synovial Membrane/chemistry
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gattorno
- II Division of Pediatrics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Haas CS, Martinez RJ, Attia N, Haines GK, Campbell PL, Koch AE. Chemokine receptor expression in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:3718-30. [PMID: 16320322 DOI: 10.1002/art.21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemokine receptors mediate leukocyte migration into inflamed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST). Knowledge of their distribution is crucial for understanding the evolution of the inflammatory process. In this study, we used rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), a model for RA, to define the temporospatial expression of chemokine receptors. METHODS ST from rats with AIA was immunostained, the percentage of cells expressing each receptor was determined, and findings were correlated with levels of inflammation. Chemokine receptor expression was evaluated on rat macrophages in vitro. RESULTS CCR1, a receptor for macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha)/CCL3 and RANTES/CCL5, exhibited high constitutive expression on macrophages in AIA. CCR5, binding MIP-1alpha/CCL3 and RANTES/CCL5, was up-regulated on ST macrophages during the course of AIA, correlating with macrophage expression of CCR2, a receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/CCL2. Endothelial cell (EC) CCR2 was down-regulated as arthritis progressed, inversely correlating with inflammation. CCR3, another RANTES/CCL5 receptor, was constitutively high on macrophages in vivo and in vitro, with down-regulation during AIA. CXCR4, a receptor for stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXCL12), was prominently up-regulated on ECs, preceding the peak of inflammation. CONCLUSION These findings show that 1) constitutive expression of CCR1 on macrophages remains high during AIA; 2) CCR2 and CCR3 may play a role in initial recruitment of leukocytes to ST in AIA; 3) macrophage expression of CCR2 and CCR5 may be important for sustaining inflammatory changes; and 4) EC CXCR4 may be a harbinger of inflammatory changes. Our results may help guide chemokine receptor blockade-targeting treatment strategies in inflammatory arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Female
- Macrophages, Alveolar/cytology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, CCR1
- Receptors, CCR2
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/immunology
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Haas
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0680, USA
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Gardner L, Patterson AM, Ashton BA, Stone MA, Middleton J. The human Duffy antigen binds selected inflammatory but not homeostatic chemokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 321:306-12. [PMID: 15358176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the ability of the human Duffy antigen to bind homeostatic and inflammatory chemokines. Homeostatic chemokines did not bind to the Duffy antigen on erythrocytes with high affinity. In contrast, 60% of inflammatory chemokines bound strongly to Duffy, with no obvious preference for CXC or CC classes. It was investigated if this binding profile was reflected in the binding pattern of endothelial cells. Two examples of homeostatic (125I-CXCL12 and 125I-CCL21) and inflammatory (125I-CXCL8 and 125I-CCL5) chemokines were incubated with human synovia. In agreement with the erythrocyte binding data, intense specific signals for CXCL8 and CCL5 binding were found on endothelial cells, whereas CXCL12 and CCL21 showed only weak binding to these cells. Our study provides evidence that the human Duffy antigen binds selected inflammatory, but not homeostatic, chemokines and that this binding pattern is reflected by endothelial cells within inflamed and non-inflamed tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gardner
- Leopold Muller Arthritis Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Medical School, Keele University at Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
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Cronshaw DG, Owen C, Brown Z, Ward SG. Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases by the CCR4 Ligand Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Is a Dispensable Signal for T Lymphocyte Chemotaxis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:7761-70. [PMID: 15187160 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.12.7761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CC chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22)) mediates its cellular effects principally by binding to its receptor CCR4, and together they constitute a multifunctional chemokine/receptor system with homeostatic and inflammatory roles in the body. We report the CCL22-induced accumulation of phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P(3)) in the leukemic T cell line CEM. CCL22 also had the ability to chemoattract human Th2 cells and CEM cells in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. Although the PI(3,4,5)P(3) accumulation along with the pertussis toxin-susceptible phosphorylation of protein kinase B were sensitive to the two phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin, cell migration was unaffected. However, cell migration was abrogated with the Rho-dependent kinase inhibitor, Y-27632. These data demonstrate that although there is PI(3,4,5)P(3) accumulation downstream of CCR4, phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity is a dispensable signal for CCR4-stimulated chemotaxis of Th2 cells and the CEM T cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darran G Cronshaw
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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28
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de Kleer IM, Wedderburn LR, Taams LS, Patel A, Varsani H, Klein M, de Jager W, Pugayung G, Giannoni F, Rijkers G, Albani S, Kuis W, Prakken B. CD4+CD25bright Regulatory T Cells Actively Regulate Inflammation in the Joints of Patients with the Remitting Form of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6435-43. [PMID: 15128835 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells during the clinical course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Persistent oligoarticular JIA (pers-OA JIA) is a subtype of JIA with a relatively benign, self-remitting course while extended oligoarticular JIA (ext-OA JIA) is a subtype with a much less favorable prognosis. Our data show that patients with pers-OA JIA display a significantly higher frequency of CD4(+)CD25(bright) T cells with concomitant higher levels of mRNA FoxP3 in the peripheral blood than ext-OA JIA patients. Furthermore, while numbers of synovial fluid (SF) CD4(+)CD25(bright) T cells were equal in both patient groups, pers-OA JIA patients displayed a higher frequency of CD4(+)CD25(int) T cells and therefore of CD4(+)CD25(total) in the SF than ext-OA JIA patients. Analysis of FoxP3 mRNA levels revealed a high expression in SF CD4(+)CD25(bright) T cells of both patient groups and also significant expression of FoxP3 mRNA in the CD4(+)CD25(int) T cell population. The CD4(+)CD25(bright) cells of both patient groups and the CD4(+)CD25(int) cells of pers-OA JIA patients were able to suppress responses of CD25(neg) cells in vitro. A markedly higher expression of CTLA-4, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR, and HLA-DR on SF CD4(+)CD25(bright) T regulatory (Treg) cells compared with their peripheral counterparts suggests that the CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells may undergo maturation in the joint. In correlation with this mature phenotype, the SF CD4(+)CD25(bright) T cells showed an increased regulatory capacity in vitro compared with peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(bright) T cells. These data suggest that CD4(+)CD25(bright) Treg cells play a role in determining the patient's fate toward either a favorable or unfavorable clinical course of disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Arthritis, Juvenile/blood
- Arthritis, Juvenile/immunology
- Arthritis, Juvenile/pathology
- Biomarkers/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/immunology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/blood
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/blood
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Remission, Spontaneous
- Synovial Fluid/cytology
- Synovial Fluid/immunology
- Synovial Fluid/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismé M de Kleer
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immunology and Immunology Advanced Center on Preclinical Immuno-genomics Institute for Translational Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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de Kleer IM, Kamphuis SM, Rijkers GT, Scholtens L, Gordon G, De Jager W, Häfner R, van de Zee R, van Eden W, Kuis W, Prakken BJ. The spontaneous remission of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is characterized by CD30+ T cells directed to human heat-shock protein 60 capable of producing the regulatory cytokine interleukin-10. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2003; 48:2001-10. [PMID: 12847694 DOI: 10.1002/art.11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that T cell reactivity to self heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) in patients with remitting juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is part of an antiinflammatory, regulatory mechanism. METHODS Using peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and synovial fluid-derived mononuclear cells (SFMCs) obtained from patients with JIA, we analyzed the expression of CD30 and the induction of regulatory cytokines in response to human and mycobacterial Hsp60. RESULTS In oligoarticular JIA patients, in vitro activation of PBMCs and SFMCs with Hsp60 induced a high expression of CD30 on CD4+, activated (HLA-DR-positive), memory (CD45RO+) T cells. The expression of CD30 induced by human Hsp60 was much higher than that induced by mycobacterial Hsp60. In oligoarticular JIA patients with active disease, the expression of CD30 in response to human Hsp60 was paralleled by a high interleukin-10 (IL-10):interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) ratio. In addition, restimulated human Hsp60-specific T cell lines from oligoarticular JIA patients showed a high production of IL-10 and a low production of IFNgamma. In contrast, PBMCs and SFMCs from polyarticular JIA patients responded to human Hsp60 with virtually no expression of CD30 and a low IL-10:IFNgamma ratio. CONCLUSION The results show that T cells responding to human Hsp60 in oligoarticular JIA patients express CD30, and during active phases of the disease, these T cells have a cytokine profile with a high IL-10:IFNgamma ratio. These findings suggest that in oligoarticular JIA patients, human Hsp60-specific CD4+ cells have a regulatory function and contribute to disease remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M de Kleer
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
Cytokines are a large group of polypeptides and small proteins that are effector molecules for cells involved in immune and inflammatory responses. There are agonists and antagonists that interact with each other to maintain a dynamic equilibrium, and ensure eventual recovery of any perturbation, for example, by trauma or infection, of the network toward inflammation. The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the T helper cell subtypes is considered important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The measurement of cytokines and chemotactic cytokines in body fluids and synovial tissue has provided insight into the type of immune and inflammatory reaction and the possible presence or absence of regulation. Differences between subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis have been identified with these measurements. But cytokine measurements in serum are not useful for diagnostic purposes, because of the variability during 24 hours, the collection and assay methods, as well as the ease of degradation for most cytokines. The recent interest in the genetic polymorphisms of cytokine genes and their association with juvenile idiopathic arthritis has provided association with a number of cytokine alleles. Confirmation of linkage with disease is only available for tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 at present. These genetic variants may be the basis of genetic susceptibility to the persistent imbalance in the inflammatory and immune networks, and determine the phenotype and severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Woo
- Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, Royal Free and University College of London Medical School, University College of London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK.
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31
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Prakken B, Kuis W, van Eden W, Albani S. Heat shock proteins in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: keys for understanding remitting arthritis and candidate antigens for immune therapy. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2002; 4:466-73. [PMID: 12427360 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-002-0052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is in a majority of the cases of self-limiting, and sometimes even a self-remitting, disease. A growing amount of data suggests that active T cell regulation determines, at least partly, the clinical outcome of JIA. In experimental models of arthritis, a group of highly conserved microbial proteins, heat shock proteins (hsps), can be used to effectively prevent and treat arthritis. This protection is mediated through the induction of cross-reactive T cell responses to self-hsps. In JIA, naturally occurring T cell immune responses to hsps are associated with disease remission in restricted oligoarticular JIA. Moreover, those responses are associated with the induction of T cells with a regulatory phenotype. Taken together, these data imply that immune modulation with hsps can be an effective way to restore natural occurring T cell responses, and, thus, treat JIA and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berent Prakken
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Hospital for Children and Youth, PO Box 85090, Utrecht 3508 AB, The Netherlands.
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