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Lodewijk I, Dueñas M, Paramio JM, Rubio C. CD44v6, STn & O-GD2: promising tumor associated antigens paving the way for new targeted cancer therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1272681. [PMID: 37854601 PMCID: PMC10579806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies are the state of the art in oncology today, and every year new Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are developed for preclinical research and clinical trials, but few of them really change the therapeutic scenario. Difficulties, either to find antigens that are solely expressed in tumors or the generation of good binders to these antigens, represent a major bottleneck. Specialized cellular mechanisms, such as differential splicing and glycosylation processes, are a good source of neo-antigen expression. Changes in these processes generate surface proteins that, instead of showing decreased or increased antigen expression driven by enhanced mRNA processing, are aberrant in nature and therefore more specific targets to elicit a precise anti-tumor therapy. Here, we present promising TAAs demonstrated to be potential targets for cancer monitoring, targeted therapy and the generation of new immunotherapy tools, such as recombinant antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CAR-T) or Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered Natural Killer (CAR-NK) for specific tumor killing, in a wide variety of tumor types. Specifically, this review is a detailed update on TAAs CD44v6, STn and O-GD2, describing their origin as well as their current and potential use as disease biomarker and therapeutic target in a diversity of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lodewijk
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M. Paramio
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Freitas R, Peixoto A, Ferreira E, Miranda A, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Immunomodulatory glycomedicine: Introducing next generation cancer glycovaccines. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108144. [PMID: 37028466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide due to the lack of safer and more effective therapies. Cancer vaccines developed from neoantigens are an emerging strategy to promote protective and therapeutic anti-cancer immune responses. Advances in glycomics and glycoproteomics have unveiled several cancer-specific glycosignatures, holding tremendous potential to foster effective cancer glycovaccines. However, the immunosuppressive nature of tumours poses a major obstacle to vaccine-based immunotherapy. Chemical modification of tumour associated glycans, conjugation with immunogenic carriers and administration in combination with potent immune adjuvants constitute emerging strategies to address this bottleneck. Moreover, novel vaccine vehicles have been optimized to enhance immune responses against otherwise poorly immunogenic cancer epitopes. Nanovehicles have shown increased affinity for antigen presenting cells (APCs) in lymph nodes and tumours, while reducing treatment toxicity. Designs exploiting glycans recognized by APCs have further enhanced the delivery of antigenic payloads, improving glycovaccine's capacity to elicit innate and acquired immune responses. These solutions show potential to reduce tumour burden, while generating immunological memory. Building on this rationale, we provide a comprehensive overview on emerging cancer glycovaccines, emphasizing the potential of nanotechnology in this context. A roadmap towards clinical implementation is also delivered foreseeing advances in glycan-based immunomodulatory cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Freitas
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Miranda
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal.
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3
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Brooks SA. Lectin Histochemistry: Historical Perspectives, State of the Art, and Future Directions. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2566:65-84. [PMID: 36152243 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2675-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lectins, discovered more than 100 years ago and defined by their ability to selectively recognize specific carbohydrate structures, are ubiquitous in living organisms. Their precise functions are as yet under-explored and incompletely understood but they are clearly involved, through recognition of their binding partners, in a myriad of biological mechanisms involved in cell identity, adhesion, signaling, and growth regulation in health and disease. Understanding the complex "sugar code" represented by the "glycome" is a major challenge and at the forefront of current biological research. Lectins have been widely employed in histochemical studies to map glycosylation in cells and tissues. Here, a brief history of the discovery of lectins and early developments in their use is presented along with a selection of some of the most interesting and significant discoveries to emerge from the use of lectin histochemistry. Further, an evaluation of the next generation of lectin-based technologies is presented, including the potential for designing recombinant lectins with more precisely defined binding characteristics, linking lectin-based studies with other technologies to answer fundamental questions in glycobiology and approaches to exploring the interactions of lectins with their binding partners in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ann Brooks
- Department of Biological & Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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5
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Berois N, Pittini A, Osinaga E. Targeting Tumor Glycans for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Limitations, and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030645. [PMID: 35158915 PMCID: PMC8833780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aberrant glycosylation is a common feature of many cancers, and it plays crucial roles in tumor development and biology. Cancer progression can be regulated by several physiopathological processes controlled by glycosylation, such as cell–cell adhesion, cell–matrix interaction, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), which are suitable for selective cancer targeting, as well as novel antitumor immunotherapy approaches. This review summarizes the strategies developed in cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, analyzing molecular and cellular mechanisms and state-of-the-art methods in clinical oncology. Abstract Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to changes that influence tumor behavior. Glycans can serve as a source of novel clinical biomarker developments, providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) suitable for selective cancer-targeting therapy. The best characterized TACAs are truncated O-glycans (Tn, TF, and sialyl-Tn antigens), gangliosides (GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, fucosyl-GM1), globo-serie glycans (Globo-H, SSEA-3, SSEA-4), Lewis antigens, and polysialic acid. In this review, we analyze strategies for cancer immunotherapy targeting TACAs, including different antibody developments, the production of vaccines, and the generation of CAR-T cells. Some approaches have been approved for clinical use, such as anti-GD2 antibodies. Moreover, in terms of the antitumor mechanisms against different TACAs, we show results of selected clinical trials, considering the horizons that have opened up as a result of recent developments in technologies used for cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Berois
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Alvaro Pittini
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (E.O.)
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6
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Chowdhury S, Toth I, Stephenson RJ. Dendrimers in vaccine delivery: Recent progress and advances. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121303. [PMID: 34871877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are well-defined, highly branched, multivalent and monodisperse molecules which host a range of attractive, yet functional, chemical and biological characteristics. A dendrimers accessible surface groups enable coupling to different functional moieties (e.g., antibodies, peptides, proteins, etc), which is further assisted by the dendrimers tailored size and surface charge. This adaptability allows for the preparation of molecularly precise vaccines with highly specific and predictable properties, and in conjunction with a dendrimers immune stimulating (adjuvanting) property, makes dendrimers attractive substrates for biomedical applications, including vaccines. This review highlights the structural and synthetic evolution of dendrimers throughout history, detailing the dendrimers role as both an adjuvant and carrier system for vaccine antigens, in addition to reviewing the development of commercially available vaccines for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Chowdhury
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia.
| | - Rachel J Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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7
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Fuentes R, Aguinagalde L, Sacristán N, Fernández-Tejada A. Design, synthesis, and initial immunological evaluation of glycoconjugates based on saponin adjuvants and the Tn antigen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11382-11385. [PMID: 34647563 PMCID: PMC8552335 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the first synthesis and immunological evaluation of a new glycoconjugate design based on streamlined saponin adjuvants and the Tn carbohydrate antigen. While the novel synthetic constructs induced moderate antibody responses in mice, the versatile chemical platform is amenable to further structure-activity optimizations for the development of self-adjuvanting glycoconjugate cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fuentes
- Chemical Immunology Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Leire Aguinagalde
- Chemical Immunology Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Nagore Sacristán
- Chemical Immunology Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Wandall HH, Nielsen MAI, King-Smith S, de Haan N, Bagdonaite I. Global functions of O-glycosylation: promises and challenges in O-glycobiology. FEBS J 2021; 288:7183-7212. [PMID: 34346177 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucin type O-glycosylation is one of the most diverse types of glycosylation, playing essential roles in tissue development and homeostasis. In complex organisms, O-GalNAc glycans comprise a substantial proportion of the glycocalyx, with defined functions in hemostatic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. Furthermore, O-GalNAc glycans are important players in host-microbe interactions, and changes in O-glycan composition are associated with certain diseases and metabolic conditions, which in some instances can be used for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. Breakthroughs in O-glycobiology have gone hand in hand with the development of new technologies, such as advancements in mass spectrometry, as well as facilitation of genetic engineering in mammalian cell lines. High-throughput O-glycoproteomics have enabled us to draw a comprehensive map of O-glycosylation, and mining this information has supported the definition and confirmation of functions related to site-specific O-glycans. This includes protection from proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of binding affinity or receptor function. Yet, there is still much to discover, and among the important next challenges will be to define the context-dependent functions of O-glycans in different stages of cellular differentiation, cellular metabolism, host-microbiome interactions, and in disease. In this review, we present the achievements and the promises in O-GalNAc glycobiology driven by technological advances in analytical methods, genetic engineering, and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias A I Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah King-Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Mucin-Type O-GalNAc Glycosylation in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:25-60. [PMID: 34495529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type GalNAc O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant and unique post-translational modifications. The combination of proteome-wide mapping of GalNAc O-glycosylation sites and genetic studies with knockout animals and genome-wide analyses in humans have been instrumental in our understanding of GalNAc O-glycosylation. Combined, such studies have revealed well-defined functions of O-glycans at single sites in proteins, including the regulation of pro-protein processing and proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of receptor functions and ligand binding. In addition to isolated O-glycans, multiple clustered O-glycans have an important function in mammalian biology by providing structural support and stability of mucins essential for protecting our inner epithelial surfaces, especially in the airways and gastrointestinal tract. Here the many O-glycans also provide binding sites for both endogenous and pathogen-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins regulating critical developmental programs and helping maintain epithelial homeostasis with commensal organisms. Finally, O-glycan changes have been identified in several diseases, most notably in cancer and inflammation, where the disease-specific changes can be used for glycan-targeted therapies. This chapter will review the biosynthesis, the biology, and the translational perspectives of GalNAc O-glycans.
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10
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ASGR1 and Its Enigmatic Relative, CLEC10A. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144818. [PMID: 32650396 PMCID: PMC7404283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The large family of C-type lectin (CLEC) receptors comprises carbohydrate-binding proteins that require Ca2+ to bind a ligand. The prototypic receptor is the asialoglycoprotein receptor-1 (ASGR1, CLEC4H1) that is expressed primarily by hepatocytes. The early work on ASGR1, which is highly specific for N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), established the foundation for understanding the overall function of CLEC receptors. Cells of the immune system generally express more than one CLEC receptor that serve diverse functions such as pathogen-recognition, initiation of cellular signaling, cellular adhesion, glycoprotein turnover, inflammation and immune responses. The receptor CLEC10A (C-type lectin domain family 10 member A, CD301; also called the macrophage galactose-type lectin, MGL) contains a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) that is homologous to the CRD of ASGR1, and thus, is also specific for GalNAc. CLEC10A is most highly expressed on immature DCs, monocyte-derived DCs, and alternatively activated macrophages (subtype M2a) as well as oocytes and progenitor cells at several stages of embryonic development. This receptor is involved in initiation of TH1, TH2, and TH17 immune responses and induction of tolerance in naïve T cells. Ligand-mediated endocytosis of CLEC receptors initiates a Ca2+ signal that interestingly has different outcomes depending on ligand properties, concentration, and frequency of administration. This review summarizes studies that have been carried out on these receptors.
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11
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Shields CW, Wang LLW, Evans MA, Mitragotri S. Materials for Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901633. [PMID: 31250498 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in materials engineering have accelerated the progress of immunotherapy in preclinical studies. The interplay of chemistry and materials has resulted in improved loading, targeting, and release of immunomodulatory agents. An overview of the materials that are used to enable or improve the success of immunotherapies in preclinical studies is presented, from immunosuppressive to proinflammatory strategies, with particular emphasis on technologies poised for clinical translation. The materials are organized based on their characteristic length scale, whereby the enabling feature of each technology is organized by the structure of that material. For example, the mechanisms by which i) nanoscale materials can improve targeting and infiltration of immunomodulatory payloads into tissues and cells, ii) microscale materials can facilitate cell-mediated transport and serve as artificial antigen-presenting cells, and iii) macroscale materials can form the basis of artificial microenvironments to promote cell infiltration and reprogramming are discussed. As a step toward establishing a set of design rules for future immunotherapies, materials that intrinsically activate or suppress the immune system are reviewed. Finally, a brief outlook on the trajectory of these systems and how they may be improved to address unsolved challenges in cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael A Evans
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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12
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The fully synthetic glycopeptide MAG-Tn3 therapeutic vaccine induces tumor-specific cytotoxic antibodies in breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:703-716. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Mettu R, Chen CY, Wu CY. Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines: challenges and opportunities. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:9. [PMID: 31900143 PMCID: PMC6941340 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines based on bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS) have been extremely successful in preventing bacterial infections. The glycan antigens for the preparation of CPS based glycoconjugate vaccines are mainly obtained from bacterial fermentation, the quality and length of glycans are always inconsistent. Such kind of situation make the CMC of glycoconjugate vaccines are difficult to well control. Thanks to the advantage of synthetic methods for carbohydrates syntheses. The well controlled glycan antigens are more easily to obtain, and them are conjugated to carrier protein to from the so-call homogeneous fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. Several fully glycoconjugate vaccines are in different phases of clinical trial for bacteria or cancers. The review will introduce the recent development of fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Mettu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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14
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Hoober JK, Eggink LL, Cote R. Stories From the Dendritic Cell Guardhouse. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2880. [PMID: 31921144 PMCID: PMC6919295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic cells [dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and mast cells] utilize C-type (Ca2+-dependent) lectin-like (CLEC) receptors to identify and internalize pathogens or danger signals. As monitors of environmental imbalances, CLEC receptors are particularly important in the function of DCs. Activation of the immune system requires, in sequence, presentation of antigen to the T cell receptor (TCR) by DCs, interaction of co-stimulatory factors such as CD40/80/86 on DCs with CD40L and CD28 on T cells, and production of IL-12 and/or IFN-α/β to amplify T cell differentiation and expansion. Without this sequence of events within an inflammatory environment, or in a different order, antigen-specific T cells become unresponsive, are deleted or become regulatory T cells. Thus, the mode by which CLEC receptors on DCs are engaged can either elicit activation of T cells to achieve an immune response or induce tolerance. This minireview illustrates these aspects with Dectin-1, DEC205, the mannose receptor and CLEC10A as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Cote
- Susavion Biosciences, Inc., Tempe, AZ, United States
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15
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Giuliani M, Faroldi F, Morelli L, Torre E, Lombardi G, Fallarini S, Sansone F, Compostella F. Exploring calixarene-based clusters for efficient functional presentation of Streptococcus pneumoniae saccharides. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103305. [PMID: 31586712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calixarenes are promising scaffolds for an efficient clustered exposition of multiple saccharide antigenic units. Herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a calix[6]arene functionalized with six copies of the trisaccharide repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) serotype 19F. This system has demonstrated its ability to efficiently inhibit the binding between the native 19F capsular polysaccharide and anti-19F antibodies, despite a low number of exposed saccharide antigens, well mimicking the epitope presentations in the polysaccharide. The calix[6]arene mobile scaffold has been selected for functionalization with SP 19F repeating unit after a preliminary screening of four model glycocalixarenes, functionalized with N-acetyl mannosamine, and differing in the valency and/or conformational properties. This work is a step forward towards the development of new fully synthetic calixarenes comprising small carbohydrate antigens as potential carbohydrate-based vaccine scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giuliani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Faroldi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Morelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Enza Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of "Piemonte Orientale", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Grazia Lombardi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of "Piemonte Orientale", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Fallarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of "Piemonte Orientale", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Genetically engineered cell factories produce glycoengineered vaccines that target antigen-presenting cells and reduce antigen-specific T-cell reactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1983-1987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Szekely T, Roy O, Dériaud E, Job A, Lo-Man R, Leclerc C, Taillefumier C. Design, Synthesis, and Immunological Evaluation of a Multicomponent Construct Based on a Glycotripeptoid Core Comprising B and T Cell Epitopes and a Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonist That Elicits Potent Immune Responses. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9568-9582. [PMID: 30351939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here for the first time the synthesis and immunological evaluation of a fully synthetic three-component anticancer vaccine candidate that consists of a β-glycotripeptoid core mimicking a cluster of Tn at the surface of tumor cells (B epitope), conjugated to the OVA 323-339 peptide (T-cell epitope) and a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist for potent adjuvanticity. The immunological evaluation of this construct and of precursor components demonstrated the synergistic activity of the components within the conjugate to stimulate innate and adaptive immune cells (DCs, T-helper, and B-cells). Surprisingly, immunization of mice with the tricomponent GalNAc-based construct elicited a low level of anti-Tn IgG but elicited a very high level of antibodies that recognize the TLR7 agonist. This finding could represent a potential vaccine therapeutic approach for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases such as lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Szekely
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Olivier Roy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Edith Dériaud
- Unité Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris , France.,INSERM U1041 , 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Aurélie Job
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Richard Lo-Man
- Unité Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris , France.,INSERM U1041 , 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Claude Leclerc
- Unité Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Pasteur , 75015 Paris , France.,INSERM U1041 , 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Claude Taillefumier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
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18
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Eggink LL, Roby KF, Cote R, Kenneth Hoober J. An innovative immunotherapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer: CLEC10A and glycomimetic peptides. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:28. [PMID: 29665849 PMCID: PMC5905120 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptors specific for the sugar N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) include the human type II, C-type lectin receptor macrophage galactose-type lectin/C-type lectin receptor family member 10A (MGL/CLEC10A/CD301) that is expressed prominently by human peripheral immature dendritic cells, dendritic cells in the skin, alternatively-activated (M2a) macrophages, and to lesser extents by several other types of tissues. CLEC10A is an endocytic receptor on antigen-presenting cells and has been proposed to play an important role in maturation of dendritic cells and initiation of an immune response. In this study, we asked whether a peptide that binds in the GalNAc-binding site of CLEC10A would serve as an effective tool to activate an immune response against ovarian cancer. METHODS A 12-mer sequence emerged from a screen of a phage display library with a GalNAc-specific lectin. The peptide, designated svL4, and a shorter peptide consisting of the C-terminal 6 amino acids, designated sv6D, were synthesized as tetravalent structures based on a tri-lysine core. In silico and in vitro binding assays were developed to evaluate binding of the peptides to GalNAc-specific receptors. Endotoxin-negative peptide solutions were administered by subcutaneous injection and biological activity of the peptides was determined by secretion of cytokines and the response of peritoneal immune cells in mice. Anti-cancer activity was studied in a murine model of ovarian cancer. RESULTS The peptides bound to recombinant human CLEC10A with high avidity, with half-maximal binding in the low nanomolar range. Binding to the receptor was Ca2+-dependent. Subcutaneous injection of low doses of peptides into mice on alternate days resulted in several-fold expansion of populations of mature immune cells within the peritoneal cavity. Peptide sv6D effectively suppressed development of ascites in a murine ovarian cancer model as a monotherapy and in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel or the immunotherapeutic antibody against the receptor PD-1. Toxicity, including antigenicity and release of cytotoxic levels of cytokines, was not observed. CONCLUSION sv6D is a functional ligand for CLEC10A and induces maturation of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity. The peptide caused a highly significant extension of survival of mice with implanted ovarian cancer cells with a favorable toxicity and non-antigenic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Eggink
- Susavion Biosciences, Inc., 1615 W. University Drive, Suite 132, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | | | - Robert Cote
- Susavion Biosciences, Inc., 1615 W. University Drive, Suite 132, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - J Kenneth Hoober
- Susavion Biosciences, Inc., 1615 W. University Drive, Suite 132, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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19
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Wei MM, Wang YS, Ye XS. Carbohydrate-based vaccines for oncotherapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1003-1026. [PMID: 29512174 DOI: 10.1002/med.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the most serious threats to human worldwide. Aberrant patterns of glycosylation on the surface of cancer cells, which are correlated with various cancer development stages, can differentiate the abnormal tissues from the healthy ones. Therefore, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent the desired targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, these carbohydrate antigens may not able to evoke powerful immune response to combat with cancer for their poor immunogenicity and immunotolerance. Different approaches have been developed to address these problems. In this review, we want to summarize the latest advances in TACAs based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Man Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Son HY, Apostolopoulos V, Kim CW. Mannosylated T/Tn with Freund's adjuvant induces cellular immunity. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 31:394632017742504. [PMID: 29251002 PMCID: PMC5849214 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017742504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing cancer-specific cellular immune responses has become an attractive
strategy in cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the role of several
adjuvants in eliciting T/Tn-specific cellular immunity and protection against
T/Tn expressing tumor challenge. T/Tn (9:1) antigen was purified from blood type
“O” erythrocytes donated from healthy Korean volunteers. Immunization was
performed using: T/Tn only, T/Tn mixed with Freund’s adjuvant (T/Tn + FA),
keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-conjugated T/Tn mixed with FA (KLH-T/Tn + FA),
and oxidized mannan-conjugated T/Tn mixed with FA (ox-M-T/Tn + FA). Mice
immunized with ox-M-T/Tn + FA generated T/Tn-specific CD3, helper T (Th) cells,
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, and MHC I; T/Tn presentation was
significantly high and tolerogenic CD11b+ was the lowest among the
tumor models. To verify Th type, we stained intracellular cytokines (interferon
gamma (IFN-γ), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),
interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10) using CD3 co-staining. Th1 (IFN-γ and GM-CSF)
cytokines were highly expressed and showed high FasL/Fas ratios, cytotoxic T
lymphocyte (CTL) activity, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) activity
in mice immunized with ox-M-T/Tn + FA. Lymphocyte infiltration was highest in
mice immunized with ox-M-T/Tn + FA. Additionally, we monitored FasL, MHC I,
CD301, and T/Tn expression levels using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on macrophage
and tumor sites. The expression of all markers was highest in the ox-M-T/Tn + FA
group. Furthermore, tumor retardation and survival rate were highest in the
ox-M-T/Tn + FA group. These results demonstrate that a vaccine formulation of
T/Tn conjugated with ox-M and mixed with FA-induced cellular immunity and
sustained a humoral immune response without over-activating the immune system,
thus effectively inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Son
- 1 Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- 2 Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Chul-Woo Kim
- 1 Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Synthesis and Evaluation of GM2-Monophosphoryl Lipid A Conjugate as a Fully Synthetic Self-Adjuvant Cancer Vaccine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11403. [PMID: 28900154 PMCID: PMC5595996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method was developed for the synthesis of a GM2 derivative suitable for the conjugation with various biomolecules. This GM2 derivative was covalently linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) to form novel therapeutic cancer vaccines. Immunological evaluations of the resultant conjugates in mice revealed that they elicited robust GM2-specific overall and IgG antibody responses. Moreover, the GM2-MPLA conjugate was disclosed to elicit strong immune responses without the use of an adjuvant, proving its self-adjuvant property. The antisera of both conjugates showed strong binding and mediated similarly effective complement-dependent cytotoxicity to GM2-expressing cancer cell line MCF-7. Based on these results, it was concluded that both GM2-MPLA and GM2-KLH are promising candidates as therapeutic cancer vaccines, whereas fully synthetic GM2-MPLA, which has homogeneous and well-defined structure and self-adjuvant property, deserves more attention and studies.
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22
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Sungsuwan S, Wu X, Huang X. Evaluation of Virus-Like Particle-Based Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Immunogen in a Mouse Tumor Model. Methods Enzymol 2017; 597:359-376. [PMID: 28935111 PMCID: PMC5772760 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are attractive targets for anticancer vaccine development. Due to the low immunogenicity of TACAs, a powerful carrier system is needed to boost immune responses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are an exciting platform for delivering TACAs to the immune system. The high symmetry of VLPs enables the display of TACAs in an organized manner, which in turn can potently activate antibody secreting B cells, eliciting high titers of antiglycan IgG antibodies. In this chapter, the protocol for conjugating a prototypical TACA, the Tn antigen to a VLP, bacteriophage Qβ, is presented. On an average around 370 copies of Tn can be attached to each Qβ capsid. Immunization of mice with Qβ-Tn conjugate leads to over two orders of magnitude higher IgG antibodies compared to control mice receiving Qβ only without the Tn antigen. Antibodies induced by Qβ-Tn recognize Tn-expressing tumor cells strongly and protect mice from tumor-induced death. The techniques for evaluating antibody titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibody binding to tumor cells by flow cytometry, and the protection efficacy of the vaccine in a therapeutic model of tumor are discussed in this chapter.
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Abstract
Lectins, discovered more than 100 years ago and defined by their ability to selectively recognize specific carbohydrate structures, are ubiquitous in living organisms. Their precise functions are as yet under-explored and incompletely understood but they are clearly involved, through recognition of their binding partners, in a myriad of biological mechanisms involved in cell identity, adhesion, signaling, growth regulation, in health and disease. Understanding the complex "sugar code" represented by the glycome is a major challenge and at the forefront of current biological research. Lectins have been widely employed in histochemical studies to map glycosylation in cells and tissues. Here, a brief history of the discovery of lectins and early developments in their use is presented along with a selection of some of the most interesting and significant discoveries to emerge from use of lectin histochemistry. Further, an evaluation of the next generation of lectin-based technologies is presented, including the potential for designing recombinant lectins with more precisely defined binding characteristics, linking lectin-based studies with other technologies to answer fundamental questions in glycobiology, and approaches to exploring the interactions of lectins with their binding partners in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Brooks
- Department of Biological & Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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24
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Ganneau C, Simenel C, Emptas E, Courtiol T, Coïc YM, Artaud C, Dériaud E, Bonhomme F, Delepierre M, Leclerc C, Lo-Man R, Bay S. Large-scale synthesis and structural analysis of a synthetic glycopeptide dendrimer as an anti-cancer vaccine candidate. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:114-123. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01931e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A complex glycopeptide was obtained in multigram as a fully synthetic anti-cancer vaccine for human use.
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25
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Cote R, Lynn Eggink L, Kenneth Hoober J. CLEC receptors, endocytosis and calcium signaling. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2017.4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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26
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Son HY, Apostolopoulos V, Kim CW. T/Tn immunotherapy avoiding immune deviation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:812-817. [PMID: 27760846 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016674018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy, capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses, is an attractive treatment strategy for cancer. It has been reported that the inactivation of cell-mediated immunity by hyper-activation of humoral immunity-referred to as immune deviation-does not inhibit tumor growth. We investigated the ability of several adjuvants to elicit Thomsen-Friedenreich (T/Tn)-specific humoral immunity while avoiding immune deviation and conferring protection against tumorigenesis. T/Tn (9:1) antigen was purified from blood type O erythrocytes donated by healthy Korean volunteers. Immunization was performed using T/Tn only, T/Tn mixed with Freund's adjuvant (T/Tn+FA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-conjugated T/Tn mixed with FA (KLH-T/Tn+FA), or oxidized mannan-conjugated T/Tn mixed with FA (ox-M-T/Tn+FA). Anti-T/Tn antibodies were generated in the T/Tn+FA, KLH-T/Tn+FA, and ox-M-T/Tn+FA groups. The antibody level was highest in the KLH-T/Tn+FA group. Mice immunized with ox-M-T/Tn+FA showed specific complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and were protected against T/Tn-positive mammary adenocarcinoma cell challenge, although anti-T/Tn antibody levels were the highest in the KLH-T/Tn+FA group. These results demonstrate that an ox-M-conjugated T/Tn vaccine mixed with FA can promote cellular immunity while moderating the humoral immune response, thereby effectively inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Son
- Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Chul-Woo Kim
- Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hsu H, Bugno J, Lee S, Hong S. Dendrimer‐based nanocarriers: a versatile platform for drug delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Jui Hsu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Jason Bugno
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Seung‐ri Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
- Department of Integrated OMICs for Biomedical Science and Underwood International CollegeYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
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28
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Feng D, Shaikh AS, Wang F. Recent Advance in Tumor-associated Carbohydrate Antigens (TACAs)-based Antitumor Vaccines. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:850-63. [PMID: 26895482 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can be distinguished from normal cells by displaying aberrant levels and types of carbohydrate structures on their surfaces. These carbohydrate structures are known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). TACAs were considered as promising targets for the design of anticancer vaccines. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone can only evoke poor immunogenicity because they are unable to induce T-cell-dependent immune responses, which is critical for cancer therapy. Moreover, immunotolerance and immunosuppression are easily induced by using natural occurring TACAs as antigens due to their endogenous property. This review summarizes the recent strategies to overcome these obstacles: (1) covalently coupling TACAs to proper carriers to improve immunogenicity, including clustered or multivalent conjugate vaccines, (2) coupling TACAs to T-cell peptide epitopes or the built-in adjuvant to form multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccines, and (3) developing vaccines based on chemically modified TACAs, which is combined with metabolic engineering of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Feng
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education),
Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaChina
| | - Abdul Sami Shaikh
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of education),
Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 50012, Shandong, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaChina
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29
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Laubreton D, Bay S, Sedlik C, Artaud C, Ganneau C, Dériaud E, Viel S, Puaux AL, Amigorena S, Gérard C, Lo-Man R, Leclerc C. The fully synthetic MAG-Tn3 therapeutic vaccine containing the tetanus toxoid-derived TT830-844 universal epitope provides anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:315-25. [PMID: 26847142 PMCID: PMC4779142 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant transformations are often associated with aberrant glycosylation processes that lead to the expression of new carbohydrate antigens at the surface of tumor cells. Of these carbohydrate antigens, the Tn antigen is particularly highly expressed in many carcinomas, especially in breast carcinoma. We designed MAG-Tn3, a fully synthetic vaccine based on three consecutive Tn moieties that are O-linked to a CD4+ T cell epitope, to induce anti-Tn antibody responses that could be helpful for therapeutic vaccination against cancer. To ensure broad coverage within the human population, the tetanus toxoid-derived peptide TT830-844 was selected as a T-helper epitope because it can bind to various HLA-DRB molecules. We showed that the MAG-Tn3 vaccine, which was formulated with the GSK proprietary immunostimulant AS15 and designed for human cancer therapy, is able to induce an anti-Tn antibody response in mice of various H-2 haplotypes, and this response correlates with the ability to induce a specific T cell response against the TT830-844 peptide. The universality of the TT830-844 peptide was extended to new H-2 and HLA-DRB molecules that were capable of binding this T cell epitope. Finally, the MAG-Tn3 vaccine was able to induce anti-Tn antibody responses in cynomolgus monkeys, which targeted Tn-expressing tumor cells and mediated tumor cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, MAG-Tn3 is a highly promising anticancer vaccine that is currently under evaluation in a phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Laubreton
- Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1041, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Bay
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3523, Paris, France
| | - Christine Sedlik
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Artaud
- Pôle Intégré de Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Ganneau
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3523, Paris, France
| | - Edith Dériaud
- Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1041, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Viel
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Paris, France
| | | | - Sebastian Amigorena
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Paris, France
| | | | - Richard Lo-Man
- Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1041, Paris, France
| | - Claude Leclerc
- Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1041, Paris, France.
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30
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Song C, Sun S, Huo CX, Li Q, Zheng XJ, Tai G, Zhou Y, Ye XS. Synthesis and immunological evaluation of N-acyl modified Tn analogues as anticancer vaccine candidates. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:915-20. [PMID: 26787275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), which are aberrantly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, are important targets for anticancer vaccine development. Herein, several N-acyl modified Tn analogues were synthesized and conjugated with carrier protein CRM197. The immunological results of these glycoconjugates indicated that 6-CRM197 elicited higher titers of antibodies which cross-reacted with native Tn antigen than the unmodified 2-CRM197 did. The IFN-γ-producing frequency of lymphocytes in mice treated with 6-CRM197 was obviously increased, compared to that of mice vaccinated with 2-CRM197 (p=0.016), which was typically associated with the Th1 response. Moreover, the elicited antisera against antigen 6-CRM197 reacted strongly with the Tn-positive tumor cells, implying the potential of this glycoconjugate as an anticancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Song
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Shuang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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31
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Yin Z, Dulaney S, McKay CS, Baniel C, Kaczanowska K, Ramadan S, Finn MG, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis of GM2 Glycans, Bioconjugation with Bacteriophage Qβ, and the Induction of Anticancer Antibodies. Chembiochem 2016; 17:174-80. [PMID: 26538065 PMCID: PMC4726457 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccines is an attractive approach towards tumor prevention and treatment. Herein, we focused on the ganglioside GM2 tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), which is overexpressed in a wide range of tumor cells. GM2 was synthesized chemically and conjugated with a virus-like particle derived from bacteriophage Qβ. Although the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction efficiently introduced 237 copies of GM2 per Qβ, this construct failed to induce significant amounts of anti-GM2 antibodies compared to the Qβ control. In contrast, GM2 immobilized on Qβ through a thiourea linker elicited high titers of IgG antibodies that recognized GM2-positive tumor cells and effectively induced cell lysis through complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, bacteriophage Qβ is a suitable platform to boost antibody responses towards GM2, a representative member of an important class of TACA: the ganglioside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Steven Dulaney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Craig S McKay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Claire Baniel
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kaczanowska
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA.
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32
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Novel insights into the immunomodulatory role of the dendritic cell and macrophage-expressed C-type lectin MGL. Immunobiology 2014; 220:185-92. [PMID: 25454488 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on their ability to balance tolerance and inflammation, antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis as well as the instigation of immune activation. Acting as key sensors of tissue integrity and pathogen invasion, they are well equipped with a wide variety of pattern recognition receptors, to which the C-type lectin family also belongs. C-type lectins are glycan-binding receptors that mediate cell-cell communication and pathogen recognition, besides participating in the endocytosis of antigens for presentation to T cells and the fine-tuning of immune responses. Here we review the current state-of-the-art on the dendritic cell and macrophage-expressed C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), highlighting the binding specificities, signaling properties and modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by its human and murine orthologues.
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NOYA VERÓNICA, BAY SYLVIE, FESTARI MARÍAFLORENCIA, GARCÍA ENRIQUEP, RODRIGUEZ ERNESTO, CHIALE CAROLINA, GANNEAU CHRISTELLE, BALEUX FRANÇOISE, ASTRADA SOLEDAD, BOLLATI-FOGOLÍN MARIELA, OSINAGA EDUARDO, FREIRE TERESA. Mucin-like peptides from Echinococcus granulosus induce antitumor activity. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:775-84. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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34
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Mazal D, Lo-Man R, Bay S, Pritsch O, Dériaud E, Ganneau C, Medeiros A, Ubillos L, Obal G, Berois N, Bollati-Fogolin M, Leclerc C, Osinaga E. Monoclonal antibodies toward different Tn-amino acid backbones display distinct recognition patterns on human cancer cells. Implications for effective immuno-targeting of cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1107-22. [PMID: 23604173 PMCID: PMC11029704 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Tn antigen (GalNAcα-O-Ser/Thr) is a well-established tumor-associated marker which represents a good target for the design of anti-tumor vaccines. Several studies have established that the binding of some anti-Tn antibodies could be affected by the density of Tn determinant or/and by the amino acid residues neighboring O-glycosylation sites. In the present study, using synthetic Tn-based vaccines, we have generated a panel of anti-Tn monoclonal antibodies. Analysis of their binding to various synthetic glycopeptides, modifying the amino acid carrier of the GalNAc(*) (Ser* vs Thr*), showed subtle differences in their fine specificities. We found that the recognition of these glycopeptides by some of these MAbs was strongly affected by the Tn backbone, such as a S*S*S* specific MAb (15G9) which failed to recognize a S*T*T* or a T*T*T* structure. Different binding patterns of these antibodies were also observed in FACS and Western blot analysis using three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, LS174T and Jurkat). Importantly, an immunohistochemical analysis of human tumors (72 breast cancer and 44 colon cancer) showed the existence of different recognition profiles among the five antibodies evaluated, demonstrating that the aglyconic part of the Tn structure (Ser vs Thr) plays a key role in the anti-Tn specificity for breast and colon cancer detection. This new structural feature of the Tn antigen could be of important clinical value, notably due to the increasing interest of this antigen in anticancer vaccine design as well as for the development of anti-Tn antibodies for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/chemistry
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Glycopeptides/chemistry
- Glycopeptides/immunology
- Glycopeptides/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Binding/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mazal
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica y Citología del Hospital de la Mujer, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Richard Lo-Man
- Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1041 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Bay
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3523, Paris, France
| | - Otto Pritsch
- Departamento de Inmunobiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad de Biofísica de Proteínas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Edith Dériaud
- Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1041 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Ganneau
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3523, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luis Ubillos
- Departamento de Inmunobiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Obal
- Departamento de Inmunobiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad de Biofísica de Proteínas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nora Berois
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Claude Leclerc
- Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1041 Paris, France
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Departamento de Inmunobiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda Gral Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Fiore M, Thomas B, Duléry V, Dumy P, Renaudet O. Synthesis of multi-antigenic platforms as vaccine candidates against cancers. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40972k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Chiang HL, Lin CY, Jan FD, Lin YS, Hsu CT, Whang-Peng J, Liu LF, Nieh S, Lin CC, Hwang J. A novel synthetic bipartite carrier protein for developing glycotope-based vaccines. Vaccine 2012; 30:7573-81. [PMID: 23099332 PMCID: PMC3513549 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of successful vaccines against glycotopes remains a major challenge. In the current studies, we have successfully developed a novel carrier protein for glycotopes based on the concept of antigen clustering and specific stimulation of T helper cells to mount strong antibody response to glycotopes. The bipartite carrier protein consists of a tandem repeat of a cysteine-rich peptide for docking of clustered glycotopes to effectively activate B cells and an Fc domain for antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells (APCs). To demonstrate its utility, we conjugated the tumor-specific monosaccharide antigen Tn to this novel carrier protein and successfully developed a Tn vaccine against cancer in animal models. The Tn vaccine effectively elicited high-titer IgG1 antibodies against Tn in immunized mice, and effectively suppressed the development of prostate cancer in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice. Our results suggest that this novel bipartite carrier protein could be effectively used for developing anti-glycotope vaccines such as the anticancer Tn vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Dan Jan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Centre & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tse Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leroy F. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shin Nieh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jaulang Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Wilkinson BL, Day S, Chapman R, Perrier S, Apostolopoulos V, Payne RJ. Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Self-Assembling and Self-Adjuvanting Tricomponent Glycopeptide Cancer-Vaccine Candidates. Chemistry 2012; 18:16540-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Julien S, Videira PA, Delannoy P. Sialyl-tn in cancer: (how) did we miss the target? Biomolecules 2012; 2:435-66. [PMID: 24970145 PMCID: PMC4030860 DOI: 10.3390/biom2040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyl-Tn antigen (STn) is a short O-glycan containing a sialic acid residue α2,6-linked to GalNAcα-O-Ser/Thr. The biosynthesis of STn is mediated by a specific sialyltransferase termed ST6GalNAc I, which competes with O-glycans elongating glycosyltransferases and prevents cancer cells from exhibiting longer O-glycans. While weakly expressed by fetal and normal adult tissues, STn is expressed by more than 80% of human carcinomas and in all cases, STn detection is associated with adverse outcome and decreased overall survival for the patients. Because of its pan-carcinoma expression associated with an adverse outcome, an anti-cancer vaccine, named Theratope, has been designed towards the STn epitope. In spite of the great enthusiasm around this immunotherapy, Theratope failed on Phase III clinical trial. However, in lieu of missing this target, one should consider to revise the Theratope design and the actual facts. In this review, we highlight the many lessons that can be learned from this failure from the immunological standpoint, as well as from the drug design and formulation and patient selection. Moreover, an irrefutable knowledge is arising from novel immunotherapies targeting other carbohydrate antigens and STn carrier proteins, such as MUC1, that will warrantee the future development of more successful anti-STn immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Julien
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Paula A Videira
- CEDOC, Departamento de Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Yin Z, Nguyen HG, Chowdhury S, Bentley P, Bruckman MA, Miermont A, Gildersleeve JC, Wang Q, Huang X. Tobacco mosaic virus as a new carrier for tumor associated carbohydrate antigens. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1694-703. [PMID: 22812480 DOI: 10.1021/bc300244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are being actively studied as targets for antitumor vaccine development. One serious challenge was the low immunogenecity of these antigens. Herein, we report the results of using the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) capsid as a promising carrier of a weakly immunogenic TACA, the monomeric Tn antigen. The copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction was highly efficient in covalently linking Tn onto the TMV capsid without resorting to a large excess of the Tn antigen. The location of Tn attachment turned out to be important. Tn introduced at the N terminus of TMV was immunosilent, while that attached to tyrosine 139 elicited strong immune responses. Both Tn specific IgG and IgM antibodies were generated as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a glycan microarray screening study. The production of high titers of IgG antibodies suggested that the TMV platform contained the requisite epitopes for helper T cells and was able to induce antibody isotype switching. The antibodies exhibited strong reactivities toward Tn antigen displayed in its native environment, i.e., cancer cell surface, thus highlighting the potential of TMV as a promising TACA carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Building, Room 426, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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40
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Abdel-Aal ABM, El-Naggar D, Zaman M, Batzloff M, Toth I. Design of fully synthetic, self-adjuvanting vaccine incorporating the tumor-associated carbohydrate Tn antigen and lipoamino acid-based Toll-like receptor 2 ligand. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6968-74. [PMID: 22800462 DOI: 10.1021/jm300822g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of certain tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) caused by malignant transformation offers promising targets to develop novel antitumor vaccines, provided the ability to break their inherent low immunogenicity and overcome the tolerance of the immune system. We designed, synthesized, and immunologically evaluated a number of fully synthetic new chimeric constructs incorporating a cluster of the most common TACA (known as Tn antigen) covalently attached to T-cell peptide epitopes derived from polio virus and ovalbumin and included a synthetic built-in adjuvant consisting of two 16-carbon lipoamino acids. Vaccine candidates were able to induce significantly strong antibody responses in mice without the need for any additional adjuvant, carrier protein, or special pharmaceutical preparation (e.g., liposomes). Vaccine constructs were assembled either in a linear or in a branched architecture, which demonstrated the intervening effects of the incorporation and arrangement of T-cell epitopes on antibody recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu-Baker M Abdel-Aal
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland , QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
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41
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Abstract
Carbohydrate signatures on tumor cells have functional implications in tumor growth and metastasis and constitute valuable tools in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy. Increasing data regarding the mechanisms by which they are recognized by the immune system are facilitating the design of more efficient immunotherapeutic protocols based on cancer-associated glycan structures. Recent molecular and proteomic studies revealed that carbohydrates are recognized, not only by B cells and antibodies, but also by cells from the innate arm of immunity, as well as by T cells, and are able to induce specific T-cell immunity and cytotoxicity. In this review, we discuss and update the different strategies targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens that are being evaluated for antitumor immunotherapy, an approach that will be highly relevant, especially when combined with other strategies, in the future fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Freire
- UdelaR, Facultad de Medicina, Dept. Inmunobiología, Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- UdelaR, Facultad de Medicina, Dept. Inmunobiología, Gral. Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología tumoral, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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42
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Carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines: target cancer with sugar bullets. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:259-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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D’Amelio N, Coslovi A, Rossi M, Uggeri F, Paoletti S. Understanding the structural specificity of Tn antigen for its receptor: an NMR solution study. Carbohydr Res 2012; 351:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Recent advances in developing synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:545-84. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can often be distinguished from healthy cells by the expression of unique carbohydrate sequences decorating the cell surface as a result of aberrant glycosyltransferase activity occurring within the cell; these unusual carbohydrates can be used as valuable immunological targets in modern vaccine designs to raise carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Many tumor antigens (e.g., GM2, Ley, globo H, sialyl Tn and TF) have been identified to date in a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone evoke poor immunogenicity, owing to their lack of ability in inducing T-cell-dependent immune responses. In order to enhance their immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immune responses, carbohydrates are often chemically modified to link to an immunogenic protein or peptide fragment for eliciting T-cell-dependent responses. This review will present a summary of efforts and advancements made to date on creating carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines, and will include novel approaches to overcoming the poor immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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45
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Abstract
The development of carbohydrate based anti-cancer vaccines is of high current interests. Herein, the latest development in this exciting field is reviewed. After a general introduction about tumor associated carbohydrate antigens and immune responses, the review is focused on the various strategies that have been developed to enhance the immunogenecity of these antigens. The results from animal studies and clinical trials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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46
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47
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11872-923. [PMID: 22127846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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48
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid- Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Heimburg-Molinaro J, Lum M, Vijay G, Jain M, Almogren A, Rittenhouse-Olson K. Cancer vaccines and carbohydrate epitopes. Vaccine 2011; 29:8802-26. [PMID: 21964054 PMCID: PMC3208265 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) result from the aberrant glycosylation that is seen with transformation to a tumor cell. The carbohydrate antigens that have been found to be tumor-associated include the mucin related Tn, Sialyl Tn, and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigens, the blood group Lewis related Lewis(Y), Sialyl Lewis(X) and Sialyl Lewis(A), and Lewis(X) (also known as stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, SSEA-1), the glycosphingolipids Globo H and stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3), the sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, the gangliosides GD2, GD3, GM2, fucosyl GM1, and Neu5GcGM3, and polysialic acid. Recent developments have furthered our understanding of the T-independent type II response that is seen in response to carbohydrate antigens. The selection of a vaccine target antigen is based on not only the presence of the antigen in a variety of tumor tissues but also on the role this antigen plays in tumor growth and metastasis. These roles for TACAs are being elucidated. Newly acquired knowledge in understanding the T-independent immune response and in understanding the key roles that carbohydrates play in metastasis are being applied in attempts to develop an effective vaccine response to TACAs. The role of each of the above mentioned carbohydrate antigens in cancer growth and metastasis and vaccine attempts using these antigens will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Lum
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Geraldine Vijay
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Miten Jain
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Adel Almogren
- Department Of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kate Rittenhouse-Olson
- Department Of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
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50
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Hubert P, Heitzmann A, Viel S, Nicolas A, Sastre-Garau X, Oppezzo P, Pritsch O, Osinaga E, Amigorena S. Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity synapses form in mice during tumor-specific antibody immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5134-43. [PMID: 21697279 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) plays a critical role in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated cancer therapy. ADCC, however, has not been directly shown in vivo but inferred from the requirement for IgG Fc receptors (FcγR) in tumor rejection in mice. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of a Tn antigen-specific chimeric mAb (Chi-Tn), which binds selectively to a wide variety of carcinomas, but not to normal tissues, in both humans and mice. Chi-Tn mAb showed no direct toxicity against carcinomas cell lines in vitro but induced the rejection of a murine breast tumor in 80% to 100% of immunocompetent mice, when associated with cyclophosphamide. Tumor rejection was abolished in Fc receptors-associated γ chain (FcR-γ)-deficient mice, suggesting a role for ADCC. Indeed, tumor cells formed stable conjugates in vivo with FcR-γ chain-expressing macrophages and neutrophils in Chi-Tn mAb-treated but not in control mAb-treated mice. The contact zone between tumor cells and ADCC effectors accumulated actin, FcγR and phospho-tyrosines. The in vivo formed ADCC synapses were organized in multifocal supra-molecular activation clusters. These results show that in vivo ADCC mediated by macrophages and neutrophils during tumor rejection by Chi-Tn mAb involves a novel type of multifocal immune synapse between effectors of innate immunity and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Hubert
- Institut Curie, Hôpital, Département de Biologie des tumeurs, Paris, France
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