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Liu H, Zhang Y, Cao J, Li J, Liu H, Dai B, Jin L, Liao R, Fu L. Sema4D as a biomarker for Predicting rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:645-655. [PMID: 38097864 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The semaphorins are membrane or secreted proteins first identified in neural development. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is the first family member found to have immune properties. We evaluated the potential of Sema4D as a marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity, singly and in combination with other known biomarkers including rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS Three hundred and eleven RA patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups based on their disease activity in 28 joints (DAS28): mild, moderate, and severe. The healthy group included 40 healthy individuals. SerumSema4D was measured by quantitative ELISA and the specificity and sensitivity of biomarkers were evaluated by generating a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to analyze their diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Serum Sema4D levels in the moderate and severe RA groups were elevated significantly above those of the controls (P < 0.01), while levels in the mild RA and control groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The Sema4D cutoff threshold was 15.7 ng/ml when the DAS28 was applied as a reference. Compared to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR and CRP, Sema4D had the highest specificity (96.8%) and area under the curve (0.80) for diagnosing RA activity. The highest specificity (100%) for the biomarker combinations was obtained when Sema4D was combined with CRP and anti-CCP, the combination of the Sema4D combined with ESR and anti-CCP had the highest sensitivity (99.35%). According to this result, a new model for jointly calculating RA activity of Sema4D,anti-CCP and CRP was constructed. Meanwhile another model is established by using the method of multivariate analysis.Model comparison results showed the the multiple regression algorithm method fitted the patients' disease activity better. CONCLUSION The serum Sema 4D level effectively reflects moderate to severe RA activity. Sema4D levels can be used together with conventional RA biomarkers to increase the diagnostic power of RA activity. The multiple regression algorithm method is promising in disease activity calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaming Cao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haina Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bingbing Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, ShengJing Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruobing Liao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingyu Fu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Medical Record Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Smanio Neto H, Moy PK, Martinez EF, Pelegrine AA, Abdalla HB, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Napimoga MH. Sema4D is diminished in leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin and impairs pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells' functionality. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105778. [PMID: 37572522 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is a coupling factor expressed on osteoclasts that may hinder osteoblast differentiation. Since the leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membrane promotes growth factor concentration, this study aims to quantify the amount of Sema4D in L-PRF membranes, and analyze the impact of Sema4D on osteoblast cell function in vitro. DESIGN Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the levels of Sema4D in both L-PRF and whole blood (serum). To analyze the impairment of Sema4D on osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1 cells were induced to osteogenic differentiation and exposed to Sema4D ranging from 10 to 500 ng/ml concentrations. The following parameters were assayed: 1) cell viability by MTT assay after 24, 48, and 72 h; 2) matrix mineralization by Alizarin Red staining after 14 days, 3) Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteonectin (ONC), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression by qPCR. For all data, the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS The amount of Sema4D in the whole blood (serum) was higher than in L-PRF. Osteoblasts exposed to Sema4D at all tested concentrations exhibited a decrease in matrix mineralization formation as well in RUNX-2, OCN, ONC, BSP, and ALP gene expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of Sema4D, a molecule known for suppressing osteoblast activity, diminishes within L-PRF, enhancing its ability to facilitate bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Smanio Neto
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Implantology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter Karyen Moy
- UCLA, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Oral Pathology and Cell Biology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André Antonio Pelegrine
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Implantology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ballassini Abdalla
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research Lab, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Trindade Clemente-Napimoga
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research Lab, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research Lab, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Ghita I, Piperi E, Atamas SP, Bentzen SM, Ord RA, Dyalram D, Lubek JE, Younis RH. Cytokine profiling in plasma distinguishes the histological inflammatory subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and a novel regulatory role of osteopontin. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:993638. [PMID: 36338570 PMCID: PMC9632968 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.993638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can be classified according to the histological inflammatory subtype (HIS) into inflamed (HIS-INF) or immune excluded (HIS-IE). HIS-IE was previously associated with higher levels of soluble Semaphorin 4D (HsS4D) in plasma, and higher transcriptional levels of osteopontin (OPN) in the tumor tissue, compared to HIS-INF. The goal of the current study is to investigate whether the HIS inflammatory subtype can be distinguished by a differential cytokine panel in peripheral blood. Retrospectively collected five HIS-INF and five HIS-IE tumor tissue with paired plasma were included in the study. Five healthy donors (HD) and five autoimmune/chronic inflammatory conditions (AI/CI) were controls. The ELISA-Luminex™ system was used to detect 40 traditional cytokines in plasma. Human cytokine array (104 cytokines) was used for the conditioned medium (CM) of the HNSCC HN6 cell line. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) siRNA and recombinant human osteopontin (rh-OPN) were used to investigate the effect of OPN on Sema4D expression. The HIS-IE cytokine profile was higher than HIS-INF but comparable to AI/CI. HIS-INF had the lowest cytokine levels. HIS-IE was differentially higher in IP-10 and IL8 compared to HD, while HIS-INF was higher in IL-10. Sema4D inhibition in HN6 resulted in a decrease of OPN in the CM of HN6, and treatment with rh-OPN rescued Sema4D in HN6 cell lysate and associated CM. In conclusion, the current work demonstrates a novel association between the HIS subtypes and a differential pattern of cytokine expression in plasma. These findings can open new avenues for HNSCC patient stratification and hence provide better personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Ghita
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Evangelia Piperi
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine / Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sergei P. Atamas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine. Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Soren M. Bentzen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Maryland School of Medicine. Baltimore, MD, United States
- Biostatistics Core, Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Biostatistics Division, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert A. Ord
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Head and Neck Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Donita Dyalram
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Head and Neck Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joshua E. Lubek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Head and Neck Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rania H. Younis
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Tumor immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Correspondence: Rania H. Younis
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4
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Xu R, Höß C, Swiercz JM, Brandt DT, Lutz V, Petersen N, Li R, Zhao D, Oleksy A, Creigh-Pulatmen T, Trokter M, Fedorova M, Atzberger A, Strandby RB, Olsen AA, Achiam MP, Matthews D, Huber M, Gröne HJ, Offermanns S, Worzfeld T. A semaphorin-plexin-Rasal1 signaling pathway inhibits gastrin expression and protects against peptic ulcers. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabf1922. [PMID: 35857828 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is a frequent clinical problem with potentially serious complications such as bleeding or perforation. A decisive factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers is gastric acid, the secretion of which is controlled by the hormone gastrin released from gastric G cells. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating gastrin plasma concentrations are poorly understood. Here, we identified a semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that operates in gastric G cells to inhibit gastrin expression on a transcriptional level, thereby limiting food-stimulated gastrin release and gastric acid secretion. Using a systematic siRNA screening approach combined with biochemical, cell biology, and in vivo mouse experiments, we found that the RasGAP protein Rasal1 is a central mediator of plexin signal transduction, which suppresses gastrin expression through inactivation of the small GTPase R-Ras. Moreover, we show that Rasal1 is pathophysiologically relevant for the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a main risk factor of peptic ulcers in humans. Last, we show that application of recombinant semaphorin 4D alleviates peptic ulcer disease in mice in vivo, demonstrating that this signaling pathway can be harnessed pharmacologically. This study unravels a mode of G cell regulation that is functionally important in gastric homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Carsten Höß
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Jakub M Swiercz
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Dominique T Brandt
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Veronika Lutz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Natalia Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Atzberger
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Rune B Strandby
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - August A Olsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Michael P Achiam
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
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5
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Suzuki M, Nukazuka A, Kamei Y, Yuba S, Oda Y, Takagi S. Mosaic gene expression analysis of semaphorin-plexin interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans using the IR-LEGO single-cell gene induction system. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:230-242. [PMID: 35596523 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mosaic analysis is a powerful means of addressing the sites of gene action in multicellular organisms. In conventional genetic analysis, the generation of desired mosaic patterns is difficult to control due to the randomness of generating the genetic mosaic which often renders the analysis laborious and time consuming. The infrared laser-evoked gene operator (IR-LEGO) microscope system facilitates genetic mosaic analysis by enabling gene induction in targeted single cells in a living organism. However, the level of gene induction is not controllable due to the usage of a heat-shock promoter. Here, we applied IR-LEGO to examine the cell-cell interactions mediated by semaphoring-plexin signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans by inducing wild-type semaphorin/plexin in single cells within the population of mutant cells lacking the relevant proteins. We found that the cell contact-dependent termination of the extension of vulval precursor cells is elicited by the forward signaling mediated by the semaphorin receptor, PLX-1, but not by the reverse signaling via the transmembrane semaphorin, SMP-1. By utilizing Cre/loxP recombination coupled with the IR-LEGO system to induce SMP-1 at a physiological level, we found that SMP-1 interacts with PLX-1 only in trans upon contact between vulval precursor cells. In contrast, when overexpressed, SMP-1 exhibits the ability to cis-interact with PLX-1 on a single cell. These results indicate that mosaic analysis with IR-LEGO, especially when combined with an in vivo recombination system, efficiently complements conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoshi Suzuki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Nukazuka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Laboratory for Biothermology, National Institute of Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yuba
- Research Institute for Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced and Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Oda
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shin Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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McGraw JM, Witherden DA. γδ T cell costimulatory ligands in antitumor immunity. EXPLORATION OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 2:79-97. [PMID: 35480230 PMCID: PMC9041367 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor immunity relies on the ability of T cells to recognize and kill tumor targets. γδ T cells are a specialized subset of T cells that predominantly localizes to non-lymphoid tissue such as the skin, gut, and lung where they are actively involved in tumor immunosurveillance. γδ T cells respond to self-stress ligands that are increased on many tumor cells, and these interactions provide costimulatory signals that promote their activation and cytotoxicity. This review will cover costimulatory molecules that are known to be critical for the function of γδ T cells with a specific focus on mouse dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC). DETC are a prototypic tissue-resident γδ T cell population with known roles in antitumor immunity and are therefore useful for identifying mechanisms that may control activation of other γδ T cell subsets within non-lymphoid tissues. This review concludes with a brief discussion on how γδ T cell costimulatory molecules can be targeted for improved cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. McGraw
- 1Department of Biology, Calibr at The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deborah A. Witherden
- 2Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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7
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Inhibition of Semaphorin 4D/Plexin-B1 signaling inhibits the subchondral bone loss in early-stage osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 135:105365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Yu Y, Zhou Y, Di C, Zhao C, Chen J, Su W, Wu Q, Wu M, Su X, Xia Z. Increased airway epithelial cell-derived exosomes activate macrophage-mediated allergic inflammation via CD100 shedding. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8850-8862. [PMID: 34414666 PMCID: PMC8435458 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) participate in allergic airway inflammation by producing mediators in response to allergen stimulation. Whether ovalbumin (OVA) challenge promotes exosome release from AECs (OVA‐challenged AEC‐derived exosomes (OAEs)), thereby affecting airway inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms, is unknown. Our study showed that AECs released an increased number of exosomes after OVA challenge, and the expression of Plexin B2 (PLXNB2; a natural CD100 ligand) was increased by a massive 85.7‐fold in OAEs than in PBS‐treated AEC‐derived exosomes (PAEs). CD100+F4/80+ macrophages engulfed OAEs to trigger the transcription of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Plxnb2 transcripts increased in asthmatic lungs, and similarly, PLXNB2 protein was highly enriched in exosomes purified from asthmatic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Furthermore, aspiration of PLXNB2 or OAEs increased the recruitment of lung neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cells in OVA‐challenged mice. Mechanistically, OAE aspiration enhanced the cleavage of CD100 by MMP14, which manifested as an increase in the soluble CD100 (sCD100) level in BAL fluid and lung homogenates. Knockdown of Mmp14 in macrophages prevented the cleavage of CD100 and reduced Ccl2, Ccl5 and Cxcl2 transcription. These data indicate that PLXNB2‐containing OAEs aggravate airway asthmatic inflammation via cleavage of CD100 by MMP14, suggesting potential therapeutic targets of OAE‐mediated asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Di
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Jiang X, Bergquist A, Löscher BS, Venkatesh G, Mold JE, Holm K, Laerdahl JK, Skånland SS, Maleki KT, Cornillet M, Taskén K, Franke A, Karlsen TH, Björkström NK, Melum E. A heterozygous germline CD100 mutation in a family with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/582/eabb0036. [PMID: 33627483 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease without clear etiology or effective treatment. Genetic factors contribute to PSC pathogenesis, but so far, no causative mutation has been found. We performed whole-exome sequencing in a family with autosomal dominant inheritance of PSC and identified a heterozygous germline missense mutation in SEMA4D, encoding a K849T variant of CD100. The mutation was located in an evolutionarily conserved, unstructured cytosolic region of CD100 affecting downstream signaling. It was found to alter the function of CD100-expressing cells with a bias toward the T cell compartment that caused increased proliferation and impaired interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production after stimulation. Homologous mutation knock-in mice developed similar IFN-γ impairment in T cells and were more prone to develop severe cholangitis when exposed to 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet. Transfer of wild-type T cells to knock-in mice before and during DDC exposure attenuated cholangitis. Taken together, we identified an inherited mutation in the disordered cytosolic region of CD100 resulting in T cell functional defects. Our findings suggest a protective role for T cells in PSC that might be used therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Jiang
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika Bergquist
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Geetha Venkatesh
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeff E Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Holm
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon K Laerdahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,ELIXIR Norway, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid S Skånland
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimia T Maleki
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway. .,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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10
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Clark IC, Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Wheeler MA, Li Z, Rothhammer V, Linnerbauer M, Sanmarco LM, Guo L, Blain M, Zandee SEJ, Chao CC, Batterman KV, Schwabenland M, Lotfy P, Tejeda-Velarde A, Hewson P, Manganeli Polonio C, Shultis MW, Salem Y, Tjon EC, Fonseca-Castro PH, Borucki DM, Alves de Lima K, Plasencia A, Abate AR, Rosene DL, Hodgetts KJ, Prinz M, Antel JP, Prat A, Quintana FJ. Barcoded viral tracing of single-cell interactions in central nervous system inflammation. Science 2021; 372:372/6540/eabf1230. [PMID: 33888612 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions control the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system (CNS). To study astrocyte cell interactions in vivo, we developed rabies barcode interaction detection followed by sequencing (RABID-seq), which combines barcoded viral tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Using RABID-seq, we identified axon guidance molecules as candidate mediators of microglia-astrocyte interactions that promote CNS pathology in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and, potentially, multiple sclerosis (MS). In vivo cell-specific genetic perturbation EAE studies, in vitro systems, and the analysis of MS scRNA-seq datasets and CNS tissue established that Sema4D and Ephrin-B3 expressed in microglia control astrocyte responses via PlexinB2 and EphB3, respectively. Furthermore, a CNS-penetrant EphB3 inhibitor suppressed astrocyte and microglia proinflammatory responses and ameliorated EAE. In summary, RABID-seq identified microglia-astrocyte interactions and candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain C Clark
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liliana M Sanmarco
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lydia Guo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manon Blain
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Chun-Cheih Chao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katelyn V Batterman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marius Schwabenland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Lotfy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amalia Tejeda-Velarde
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Hewson
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carolina Manganeli Polonio
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael W Shultis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yasmin Salem
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily C Tjon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pedro H Fonseca-Castro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Davis M Borucki
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kalil Alves de Lima
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Agustin Plasencia
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kevin J Hodgetts
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Li Y, Qin L, Bai Q, Zhang J, Chen R, Song K. CD100 modulates cytotoxicity of CD8 + T cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:13. [PMID: 33593275 PMCID: PMC7888114 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD100 is an immune semaphorin family member that highly expressed on T cells, which take part in the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important mediators for membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) shedding from T cells to generate soluble CD100 (sCD100), which has immunoregulatory effect on T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate modulatory role of CD100 on CD8+ T cell activity in AMI patients. METHODS Peripheral sCD100 and MMP-2 level, as well as mCD100 level on T cells was assessed in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and AMI. The regulatory function of MMP-2 on mCD100 shedding, sCD100 formation, and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was analyzed in direct and indirect contact co-culture system. RESULTS AMI patients had higher peripheral sCD100 and lower mCD100 expression on CD8+ T cells in comparison with SAP, UAP, and controls. CD8+ T cells in AMI patients showed elevated direct cytotoxicity, enhanced cytokine production, and increased perforin/granzyme B secretion. Recombinant sCD100 stimulation promoted cytolytic function of CD8+ T cells in controls and AMI patients. Furthermore, AMI patients also had elevated circulating MMP-2 level. Recombinant MMP-2 stimulation induced mCD100 shedding from CD8+ T cells and sCD100 generation, resulting in enhancement of CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity in AMI patients. CONCLUSION Up-regulation of MMP-2 might contribute to elevation of mCD100 shedding and sCD100 formation, leading to increased cytotoxicity CD8+ T cells in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Ward II, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 16 North Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Ward II, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 16 North Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Qijun Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Ward II, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 16 North Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Ward II, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 16 North Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruixue Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Ward II, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 16 North Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Kunpeng Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Ward II, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 16 North Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China.
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12
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Xie J, Wang Z, Wang W. Semaphorin 4D Induces an Imbalance of Th17/Treg Cells by Activating the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2151. [PMID: 33013906 PMCID: PMC7505929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is constitutively expressed on T cells and osteoclasts, and regulates T cell proliferation and bone remodeling. In addition, several studies have shown that Sema4D is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. We undertook this study to investigate the mechanism by which Sema4D affects the pathogenic progress of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods Soluble Sema4D (sSema4D) levels in serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cell surface levels and transcripts of Sema4D were evaluated in CD4 + and CD19 + cells from the AS patients and healthy individuals. The mRNA expression levels were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The proportions of Treg cells and IL-17-producing T-cells (Th17 cells) differentiated from CD4 + T cells were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic effect of Sema4D was detected by analyzing the activation of downstream signaling pathways and target genes using Luciferase and EROD assay. Results Levels of sSema4D were elevated in both serum from AS patients, and clinical features markers were correlated with serum sSema4D levels. Sema4D facilitated CD4 + T cells proliferation and Th17 cells differentiation and inhibited Treg cells differentiation by enhancing RORγt expression and reducing Foxp3 expression, with increasing expression and secretion of IL-17 and IL-22. It induced the expression and activity of AhR target gene CYP1A1 and XRE reporter activity via interaction with CD72. Conclusion These findings indicate that Sema4D as a potent activator of T cells in the immune response contributes to the inflammation of AS by inducing imbalance in Th17 and Treg cell populations in an AhR-dependent manner, suggesting it is a crucial participant in AS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zitao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Rocco D, Gregorc V, Della Gravara L, Lazzari C, Palazzolo G, Gridelli C. New immunotherapeutic drugs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): from preclinical to phase I clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1005-1023. [PMID: 32643447 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1793956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has represented a revolution in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has established a new standard of care for different settings. However, through adaptive changes, cancer cells can develop resistance mechanisms to these drugs, hence the necessity for novel immunotherapeutic agents. AREAS COVERED This paper explores the immunotherapeutics currently under investigation in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of NSCLC as monotherapies and combination therapies. It provides two comprehensive tables of phase I agents which are listed according to target, drug, drug class, mechanism of action, setting, trial identifier, and trial status. A comprehensive literature search was carried out to identify eligible studies from MEDLINE/PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. EXPERT OPINION A key hurdle to success in this field is our limited understanding of the synergic interactions of the immune targets in the context of the TME. While we can recognize the links between inhibitors and some particularly promising new targets such as TIM-3 and LAG3, we continue to develop approaches to exploit their interactions to enhance the immune response of the patient to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rocco
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, AORN Dei Colli Monaldi , Naples, Italy
| | - Vanesa Gregorc
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele , Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Della Gravara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele , Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, "S.G. Moscati" Hospital , Avellino, Italy
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14
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Tsuda T, Nishide M, Maeda Y, Hayama Y, Koyama S, Nojima S, Takamatsu H, Okuzaki D, Morita T, Nakatani T, Kato Y, Nakanishi Y, Futami Y, Suga Y, Naito Y, Konaka H, Satoh S, Naito M, Izumi M, Obata S, Nakatani A, Shikina T, Takeda K, Hayama M, Inohara H, Kumanogoh A. Pathological and therapeutic implications of eosinophil-derived semaphorin 4D in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:843-854.e4. [PMID: 32035658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis. Clinical markers for ECRS disease activity and treatment strategies have not been sufficiently established. Although semaphorins are originally identified as neuronal guidance factors, it is becoming clear that they play key roles in immune regulation and inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the pathological functions and therapeutic potential of semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) in ECRS. METHODS Serum soluble SEMA4D levels in patients with paranasal sinus diseases were measured by ELISA. The expression of SEMA4D in blood cells and nasal polyp tissues was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Generation of soluble SEMA4D was evaluated in matrix metalloproteinase-treated eosinophils. Endothelial cells were stimulated with recombinant SEMA4D, followed by eosinophil transendothelial migration assays. Allergic chronic rhinosinusitis was induced in mice using Aspergillus protease with ovalbumin. The efficacy of treatment with anti-SEMA4D antibody was evaluated histologically and by nasal lavage fluid analysis. RESULTS Serum soluble SEMA4D levels were elevated in patients with ECRS and positively correlated with disease severity. Tissue-infiltrated eosinophils in nasal polyps from patients with ECRS stained strongly with anti-SEMA4D antibody. Cell surface expression of SEMA4D on eosinophils from patients with ECRS was reduced, which was due to matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated cleavage of membrane SEMA4D. Soluble SEMA4D induced eosinophil transendothelial migration. Treatment with anti-SEMA4D antibody ameliorated eosinophilic infiltration in sinus tissues and nasal lavage fluid in the ECRS animal model. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophil-derived SEMA4D aggravates ECRS. Levels of serum SEMA4D reflect disease severity, and anti-SEMA4D antibody has therapeutic potential as a treatment for ECRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yohei Maeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Hayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kinki Central Hospital, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Morita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakatani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Futami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yujiro Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hachiro Konaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Satoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maiko Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Izumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Obata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakatani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Shikina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Ikeda Municipal Hospital, Ikeda City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.
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15
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Aberer F, Pferschy PN, Tripolt NJ, Sourij C, Obermayer AM, Prüller F, Novak E, Reitbauer P, Kojzar H, Prietl B, Kofler S, Brunner M, Svehlikova E, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Oulhaj A, Aziz F, Riedl R, Sourij H. Hypoglycaemia leads to a delayed increase in platelet and coagulation activation markers in people with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin only: Results from a stepwise hypoglycaemic clamp study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:212-221. [PMID: 31595635 PMCID: PMC6972619 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of hypoglycaemia on platelet and coagulation activation in people with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This monocentric, open, single-arm, mechanistic trial included 14 people with established type 2 diabetes (four women, 10 men, age 55 ± 7 years, glycated haemoglobin concentration 51 ± 7 mmol/mol) receiving metformin monotherapy. A stepwise hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic clamp experiment (3.5 and 2.5 mmol/L, for 30 minutes respectively) was performed, aiming to investigate platelet and coagulation activity during predefined plateaus of hypoglycaemia, as well as 1 day and 7 days later. RESULTS While platelet activation assessed by light transmittance aggregometry did not significantly increase after the hypoglycaemic clamp procedure, the more sensitive flow cytometry-based measurement of platelet surface activation markers showed hypoglycaemia-induced activation 24 hours (PAC1pos CD62Ppos , PAC1pos CD63Ppos and PAC1pos CD62Ppos CD63pos ; P < .01) and 7 days after the hypoglycaemic clamp (P < .001 for PAC1pos CD63pos ; P < .01 for PAC1pos CD62Ppos and PAC1pos CD62Ppos CD63pos ) in comparison to baseline. Coagulation markers, such as fibrinogen, D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, von Willebrand factor activity and factor VIII, were also significantly increased, an effect that was most pronounced 24 hours after the hypoglycaemic clamp. CONCLUSION A single event of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia led to an increase in markers of platelet activation and coagulation in people with early stages of type 2 diabetes on metformin therapy. However, the activation occurred with a delay and was evident 24 hours and 7 days after the actual hypoglycaemic episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Aberer
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Peter N. Pferschy
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- CBmed GmbH, Centre for Biomarker Research in MedicineGrazAustria
| | - Norbert J. Tripolt
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Caren Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Anna M Obermayer
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- CBmed GmbH, Centre for Biomarker Research in MedicineGrazAustria
| | - Florian Prüller
- Medical University of Graz, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsGrazAustria
| | - Eva Novak
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Philipp Reitbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Harald Kojzar
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- CBmed GmbH, Centre for Biomarker Research in MedicineGrazAustria
| | - Barbara Prietl
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- CBmed GmbH, Centre for Biomarker Research in MedicineGrazAustria
| | - Selina Kofler
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- CBmed GmbH, Centre for Biomarker Research in MedicineGrazAustria
| | - Martina Brunner
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Eva Svehlikova
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Medical University of Graz, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsGrazAustria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Medical University of Graz, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsGrazAustria
| | - Abderrahim Oulhaj
- College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates University, Institute of Public HealthAl AinUAE
| | - Faisal Aziz
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- CBmed GmbH, Centre for Biomarker Research in MedicineGrazAustria
| | - Regina Riedl
- Medical University of Graz, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and DocumentationGrazAustria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
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16
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Yang S, Wang L, Pan W, Bayer W, Thoens C, Heim K, Dittmer U, Timm J, Wang Q, Yu Q, Luo J, Liu Y, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Zhang X, Chen H, Wang H, Feng X, Yang X, Lu Y, Lu M, Yang D, Liu J. MMP2/MMP9-mediated CD100 shedding is crucial for inducing intrahepatic anti-HBV CD8 T cell responses and HBV clearance. J Hepatol 2019; 71:685-698. [PMID: 31173811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CD100 is constitutively expressed on T cells and can be cleaved from the cell surface by matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) to become soluble CD100 (sCD100). Both membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) and sCD100 have important immune regulatory functions that promote immune cell activation and responses. This study investigated the expression and role of mCD100 and sCD100 in regulating antiviral immune responses during HBV infection. METHODS mCD100 expression on T cells, sCD100 levels in the serum, and MMP expression in the liver and serum were analysed in patients with chronic HBV (CHB) and in HBV-replicating mice. The ability of sCD100 to mediate antigen-presenting cell maturation, HBV-specific T cell activation, and HBV clearance were analysed in HBV-replicating mice and patients with CHB. RESULTS Patients with CHB had higher mCD100 expression on T cells and lower serum sCD100 levels compared with healthy controls. Therapeutic sCD100 treatment resulted in the activation of DCs and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, enhanced HBV-specific CD8 T cell responses, and accelerated HBV clearance, whereas blockade of its receptor CD72 attenuated the intrahepatic anti-HBV CD8 T cell response. Together with MMP9, MMP2 mediated mCD100 shedding from the T cell surface. Patients with CHB had significantly lower serum MMP2 levels, which positively correlated with serum sCD100 levels, compared with healthy controls. Inhibition of MMP2/9 activity resulted in an attenuated anti-HBV T cell response and delayed HBV clearance in mice. CONCLUSIONS MMP2/9-mediated sCD100 release has an important role in regulating intrahepatic anti-HBV CD8 T cell responses, thus mediating subsequent viral clearance during HBV infection. LAY SUMMARY Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The clearance of HBV relies largely on an effective T cell immune response, which usually becomes dysregulated in chronic HBV infection. Our study provides a new mechanism to elucidate HBV persistence and a new target for developing immunotherapy strategies in patients chronically infected with HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangqing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wibke Bayer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Christine Thoens
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heim
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Joerg Timm
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinzhuo Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Hepatology Unit and Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510551, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 510632, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yinping Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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17
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Rozbesky D, Robinson RA, Jain V, Renner M, Malinauskas T, Harlos K, Siebold C, Jones EY. Diversity of oligomerization in Drosophila semaphorins suggests a mechanism of functional fine-tuning. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3691. [PMID: 31417095 PMCID: PMC6695400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin ligands and their plexin receptors are one of the major cell guidance factors that trigger localised changes in the cytoskeleton. Binding of semaphorin homodimer to plexin brings two plexins in close proximity which is a prerequisite for plexin signalling. This model appears to be too simplistic to explain the complexity and functional versatility of these molecules. Here, we determine crystal structures for all members of Drosophila class 1 and 2 semaphorins. Unlike previously reported semaphorin structures, Sema1a, Sema2a and Sema2b show stabilisation of sema domain dimer formation via a disulfide bond. Unexpectedly, our structural and biophysical data show Sema1b is a monomer suggesting that semaphorin function may not be restricted to dimers. We demonstrate that semaphorins can form heterodimers with members of the same semaphorin class. This heterodimerization provides a potential mechanism for cross-talk between different plexins and co-receptors to allow fine-tuning of cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rozbesky
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Ross A Robinson
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Immunocore Ltd, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RY, UK
| | - Vitul Jain
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Max Renner
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Karl Harlos
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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18
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St Clair RM, Dumas CM, Williams KS, Goldstein MT, Stant EA, Ebert AM, Ballif BA. PKC induces release of a functional ectodomain of the guidance cue semaphorin6A. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3015-3028. [PMID: 31378926 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins (Semas) are a family of secreted and transmembrane proteins that play critical roles in development. Interestingly, several vertebrate transmembrane Sema classes are capable of producing functional soluble ectodomains. However, little is known of soluble Sema6 ectodomains in the nervous system. Herein, we show that the soluble Sema6A ectodomain, sSema6A, exhibits natural and protein kinase C (PKC)-induced release. We show that PKC mediates Sema6A phosphorylation at specific sites and while this phosphorylation is not the primary mechanism regulating sSema6A production, we found that the intracellular domain confers resistance to ectodomain release. Finally, sSema6A is functional as it promotes the cohesion of zebrafish early eye field explants. This suggests that in addition to its canonical contact-mediated functions, Sema6A may have regulated, long-range, forward-signaling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley M St Clair
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Caroline M Dumas
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kori S Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | | | - Alicia M Ebert
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bryan A Ballif
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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19
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Zuazo-Gaztelu I, Pàez-Ribes M, Carrasco P, Martín L, Soler A, Martínez-Lozano M, Pons R, Llena J, Palomero L, Graupera M, Casanovas O. Antitumor Effects of Anti-Semaphorin 4D Antibody Unravel a Novel Proinvasive Mechanism of Vascular-Targeting Agents. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5328-5341. [PMID: 31239269 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the main consequences of inhibition of neovessel growth and vessel pruning produced by angiogenesis inhibitors is increased intratumor hypoxia. Growing evidence indicates that tumor cells escape from this hypoxic environment to better nourished locations, presenting hypoxia as a positive stimulus for invasion. In particular, anti-VEGF/R therapies produce hypoxia-induced invasion and metastasis in a spontaneous mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer (PanNET), RIP1-Tag2. Here, a novel vascular-targeting agent targeting semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) demonstrated impaired tumor growth and extended survival in the RIP1-Tag2 model. Surprisingly, although there was no induction of intratumor hypoxia by anti-Sema4D therapy, the increase in local invasion and distant metastases was comparable with the one produced by VEGFR inhibition. Mechanistically, the antitumor effect was due to an alteration in vascular function by modification of pericyte coverage involving platelet-derived growth factor B. On the other hand, the aggressive phenotype involved a macrophage-derived Sema4D signaling engagement, which induced their recruitment to the tumor invasive fronts and secretion of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) that triggered tumor cell invasive behavior via CXCR4. A comprehensive clinical validation of the targets in different stages of PanNETs demonstrated the implication of both Sema4D and CXCR4 in tumor progression. Taken together, we demonstrate beneficial antitumor and prosurvival effects of anti-Sema4D antibody but also unravel a novel mechanism of tumor aggressivity. This mechanism implicates recruitment of Sema4D-positive macrophages to invasive fronts and their secretion of proinvasive molecules that ultimately induce local tumor invasion and distant metastasis in PanNETs. SIGNIFICANCE: An anti-semaphorin-4D vascular targeting agent demonstrates antitumor and prosurvival effects but also unravels a novel promalignant effect involving macrophage-derived SDF1 that promotes tumor invasion and metastasis, both in animal models and patients.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/20/5328/F1.large.jpg.See related commentary by Tamagnone and Franzolin, p. 5146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Zuazo-Gaztelu
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pàez-Ribes
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Carrasco
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Martín
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Soler
- Vascular Signaling Group, ProCURE Research Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Martínez-Lozano
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pons
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Llena
- Vascular Signaling Group, ProCURE Research Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Palomero
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signaling Group, ProCURE Research Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, OncoBell Program, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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A high-sensitivity enzyme immunoassay for the quantification of soluble human semaphorin 4D in plasma. Anal Biochem 2019; 574:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Sema4D expression and secretion are increased by HIF-1α and inhibit osteogenesis in bone metastases of lung cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:39-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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McDermott JE, Goldblatt D, Paradis S. Class 4 Semaphorins and Plexin-B receptors regulate GABAergic and glutamatergic synapse development in the mammalian hippocampus. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 92:50-66. [PMID: 29981480 PMCID: PMC6191356 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how proper circuit formation and function is established in the mammalian brain, it is necessary to define the genes and signaling pathways that instruct excitatory and inhibitory synapse development. We previously demonstrated that the ligand-receptor pair, Sema4D and Plexin-B1, regulates inhibitory synapse development on an unprecedentedly fast time-scale while having no effect on excitatory synapse development. Here, we report previously undescribed synaptogenic roles for Sema4A and Plexin-B2 and provide new insight into Sema4D and Plexin-B1 regulation of synapse development in rodent hippocampus. First, we show that Sema4a, Sema4d, Plxnb1, and Plxnb2 have distinct and overlapping expression patterns in neurons and glia in the developing hippocampus. Second, we describe a requirement for Plexin-B1 in both the presynaptic axon of inhibitory interneurons as well as the postsynaptic dendrites of excitatory neurons for Sema4D-dependent inhibitory synapse development. Third, we define a new synaptogenic activity for Sema4A in mediating inhibitory and excitatory synapse development. Specifically, we demonstrate that Sema4A signals through the same pathway as Sema4D, via the postsynaptic Plexin-B1 receptor, to promote inhibitory synapse development. However, Sema4A also signals through the Plexin-B2 receptor to promote excitatory synapse development. Our results shed new light on the molecular cues that promote the development of either inhibitory or excitatory synapses in the mammalian hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dena Goldblatt
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States
| | - Suzanne Paradis
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States; Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States; National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States.
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23
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Luque MCA, Galuppo MK, Capelli-Peixoto J, Stolf BS. CD100 Effects in Macrophages and Its Roles in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:136. [PMID: 30324109 PMCID: PMC6173139 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD100 or Sema4D is a protein from the semaphorin family with important roles in the vascular, nervous and immune systems. It may be found as a membrane bound dimer or as a soluble molecule originated by proteolytic cleavage. Produced by the majority of hematopoietic cells including B and T lymphocytes, natural killer and myeloid cells, as well as endothelial cells, CD100 exerts its actions by binding to different receptors depending on the cell type and on the organism. Cell-to-cell adhesion, angiogenesis, phagocytosis, T cell priming, and antibody production are examples of the many functions of this molecule. Of note, high CD100 serum levels has been found in inflammatory as well as in infectious diseases, but the roles of the protein in the pathogenesis of these diseases has still to be clarified. Macrophages are highly heterogeneous cells present in almost all tissues, which may change their functions in response to microenvironmental conditions. They are key players in the innate and adaptive immune responses and have decisive roles in sterile conditions but also in several diseases such as atherosclerosis, autoimmunity, tumorigenesis, and antitumor responses, among others. Although it is known that macrophages express CD100 and its receptors, few studies have focused on the role of this semaphorin in this cell type or in macrophage-associated diseases. The aim of this review is to critically revise the available data about CD100 and atherosclerosis, with special emphasis on its roles in macrophages and monocytes. We will also describe the few available data on treatments with anti-CD100 antibodies in different diseases. We hope that this review stimulates future studies on the effects of such an important molecule in a cell type with decisive roles in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C A Luque
- Heart Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Correa-Rocha R, Lopez-Abente J, Gutierrez C, Pérez-Fernández VA, Prieto-Sánchez A, Moreno-Guillen S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Pion M. CD72/CD100 and PD-1/PD-L1 markers are increased on T and B cells in HIV-1+ viremic individuals, and CD72/CD100 axis is correlated with T-cell exhaustion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203419. [PMID: 30161254 PMCID: PMC6117071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In our work, we analyzed the role of the CD100/CD72 and PD-1/PD-L1 axes in immune response dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in which high expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 were associated with an immunosuppressive state via limitation of the HIV-1-specific T-cell responses. CD100 was demonstrated to play a relevant role in immune responses in various pathological processes and may be responsible for immune dysregulation during HIV-1 infection. We investigated the function of CD72/CD100, and PD-1/PDL-1 axes on T and B cells in HIV-infected individuals and in healthy individuals. We analyzed the frequencies and fluorescence intensities of these four markers on CD4+, CD8+ T and B cells. Marker expressions were increased during active HIV-1 infection. CD100 frequency on T cells was positively associated with the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on T cells from HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals. In addition, the frequency of CD72-expressing T cells was associated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals. Our data suggest that the CD72/CD100 and PD-1/PD-L1 axes may jointly participate in dysregulation of immunity during HIV-1 infection and could partially explain the immune systems' hyper-activation and exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Correa-Rocha
- Immuno-Regulation Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Lopez-Abente
- Immuno-Regulation Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Alcalá de Henares University, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Astrid Pérez-Fernández
- Immuno-Regulation Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Prieto-Sánchez
- Immuno-Regulation Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno-Guillen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Alcalá de Henares University, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Immuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Immuno-Regulation Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Abstract
Several neuronal guidance proteins, known as semaphorin molecules, function in the immune system. This dual tissue performance has led to them being defined as "neuroimmune semaphorins". They have been shown to regulate T cell activation by serving as costimulatory molecules. Similar to classical costimulatory molecules, neuroimmune semaphorins are either constitutively or inducibly expressed on immune cells. In contrast to the classical costimulatory molecule function, the action of neuroimmune semaphorins requires the presence of two signals, the first one provided by TCR/MHC engagement, and the second one provided by B7/CD28 interaction. Thus, neuroimmune semaphorins serve as a "signal three" for immune cell activation and regulate the overall intensity of immune response. The current knowledge on their structures, multiple receptors, specific cell/tissue/organ expression, and distinct functions in different diseases are summarized and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P Chapoval
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- SemaPlex LLC, Ellicott City, MD, USA.
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26
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Shen S, Ke Y, Dang E, Fang H, Chang Y, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Shao S, Qiao P, Zhang T, Qiao H, Wang G. Semaphorin 4D from CD15 + Granulocytes via ADAM10-Induced Cleavage Contributes to Antibody Production in Bullous Pemphigoid. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:588-597. [PMID: 29054606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive B-cell activation and antibody production are critical events for the development of bullous pemphigoid (BP). However, the mechanism that is involved in the modulation of B-cell activation and autoantibody generation has not been fully understood. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D, or CD100) plays important roles in immune regulation related to B cells, but its implications in BP remain obscure. The aim of our study was to characterize Sema4D and the underlying mechanism contributing to the autoimmune features of BP. We found that soluble Sema4D (sSema4D) levels were elevated and correlated with disease severity and activity in serum and blister fluids from patients with BP. Additionally, Sema4D-expressing cells accumulated in subepidermal blisters of BP lesions. In patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells, by promoting the differentiation of B cells into plasmablasts, sSema4D boosted anti-BP180/anti-BP230 antibody production in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which may be attributed to CD72-mediated activation of Akt/NF-κB phosphorylated (p-)65/ERK cascades in B cells. We determined that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 is a proteolytic enzyme for the cleavage of sSema4D from CD15+ granulocytes instead of T cells, which is probably responsible for the high concentration of sSema4D in BP blister fluid and serum. These findings suggest that Sema4D is a crucial participant in BP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxian Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Ke
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenlai Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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27
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Abstract
Semaphorins are extracellular signaling proteins that are essential for the development and maintenance of many organs and tissues. The more than 20-member semaphorin protein family includes secreted, transmembrane and cell surface-attached proteins with diverse structures, each characterized by a single cysteine-rich extracellular sema domain, the defining feature of the family. Early studies revealed that semaphorins function as axon guidance molecules, but it is now understood that semaphorins are key regulators of morphology and motility in many different cell types including those that make up the nervous, cardiovascular, immune, endocrine, hepatic, renal, reproductive, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, as well as in cancer cells. Semaphorin signaling occurs predominantly through Plexin receptors and results in changes to the cytoskeletal and adhesive machinery that regulate cellular morphology. While much remains to be learned about the mechanisms underlying the effects of semaphorins, exciting work has begun to reveal how semaphorin signaling is fine-tuned through different receptor complexes and other mechanisms to achieve specific outcomes in various cellular contexts and physiological systems. These and future studies will lead to a more complete understanding of semaphorin-mediated development and to a greater understanding of how these proteins function in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taylor Alto
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan R Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Lontos K, Adamik J, Tsagianni A, Galson DL, Chirgwin JM, Suvannasankha A. The Role of Semaphorin 4D in Bone Remodeling and Cancer Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:322. [PMID: 29971044 PMCID: PMC6018527 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D; CD100) is a transmembrane homodimer 150-kDa glycoprotein member of the Semaphorin family. Semaphorins were first identified as chemorepellants that guide neural axon growth. Sema4D also possesses immune regulatory activity. Recent data suggest other Sema4D functions: inactivation of platelets, stimulation of angiogenesis, and regulation of bone formation. Sema4D is a coupling factor expressed on osteoclasts that inhibits osteoblast differentiation. Blocking Sema4D may, therefore, be anabolic for bone. Sema4D and its receptor Plexin-B1 are commonly dysregulated in cancers, suggesting roles in cancer progression, invasion, tumor angiogenesis, and skeletal metastasis. This review focuses on Sema4D in bone and cancer biology and the molecular pathways involved, particularly Sema4D-Plexin-B1 signaling crosstalk between cancer cells and the bone marrow microenvironment-pertinent areas since a humanized Sema4D-neutralizing antibody is now in early phase clinical trials in cancers and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Lontos
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Juraj Adamik
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anastasia Tsagianni
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Deborah L. Galson
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John M. Chirgwin
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Attaya Suvannasankha
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Attaya Suvannasankha,
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Ke Y, Dang E, Shen S, Zhang T, Qiao H, Chang Y, Liu Q, Wang G. Semaphorin4D Drives CD8 + T-Cell Lesional Trafficking in Oral Lichen Planus via CXCL9/CXCL10 Upregulations in Oral Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2396-2406. [PMID: 28760660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine-mediated CD8+ T-cell recruitment is an essential but not well-established event for the persistence of oral lichen planus (OLP). Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D)/CD100 is implicated in immune dysfunction, chemokine modulation, and cell migration, which are critical aspects for OLP progression, but its implication in OLP pathogenesis has not been determined. In this study, we sought to explicate the effect of Sema4D on human oral keratinocytes and its capacity to drive CD8+ T-cell lesional trafficking via chemokine modulation. We found that upregulations of sSema4D in OLP tissues and blood were positively correlated with disease severity and activity. In vitro observation revealed that Sema4D induced C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 production by binding to plexin-B1 via protein kinase B-NF-κB cascade in human oral keratinocytes, which elicited OLP CD8+ T-cell migration. We also confirmed using clinical samples that elevated C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 levels were positively correlated with sSema4D levels in OLP lesions and serum. Notably, we determined matrix metalloproteinase-9 as a new proteolytic enzyme for the cleavage of sSema4D from the T-cell surface, which may contribute to the high levels of sSema4D in OLP lesions and serum. Our findings conclusively revealed an amplification feedback loop involving T cells, chemokines, and Sema4D-dependent signal that promotes OLP progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ke
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengxian Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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30
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Nishide M, Nojima S, Ito D, Takamatsu H, Koyama S, Kang S, Kimura T, Morimoto K, Hosokawa T, Hayama Y, Kinehara Y, Kato Y, Nakatani T, Nakanishi Y, Tsuda T, Park JH, Hirano T, Shima Y, Narazaki M, Morii E, Kumanogoh A. Semaphorin 4D inhibits neutrophil activation and is involved in the pathogenesis of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1440-1448. [PMID: 28416516 PMCID: PMC5738596 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Inappropriate activation of neutrophils plays a pathological role in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). The aim of this study was to investigate the functions of semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) in regulation of neutrophil activation, and its involvement in AAV pathogenesis. Methods Serum levels of soluble SEMA4D were evaluated by ELISA. Blood cell-surface expression of membrane SEMA4D was evaluated by flow cytometry. To determine the functional interactions between neutrophil membrane SEMA4D and endothelial plexin B2, wild-type and SEMA4D−/− mice neutrophils were cultured with an endothelial cell line (MS1) stained with SYTOX green, and subjected to neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation assays. The efficacy of treating human neutrophils with recombinant plexin B2 was assessed by measuring the kinetic oxidative burst and NET formation assays. Results Serum levels of soluble SEMA4D were elevated in patients with AAV and correlated with disease activity scores. Cell-surface expression of SEMA4D was downregulated in neutrophils from patients with AAV, a consequence of proteolytic cleavage of membrane SEMA4D. Soluble SEMA4D exerted pro-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells. Membranous SEMA4D on neutrophils bound to plexin B2 on endothelial cells, and this interaction decreased NET formation. Recombinant plexin B2 suppressed neutrophil Rac1 activation through SEMA4D’s intracellular domain, and inhibited pathogen-induced or ANCA-induced oxidative burst and NET formation. Conclusions Neutrophil surface SEMA4D functions as a negative regulator of neutrophil activation. Proteolytic cleavage of SEMA4D as observed in patients with AAV may amplify neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses. SEMA4D is a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target for AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sujin Kang
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Department of Clinical Application of Biologics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosokawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Hayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kinehara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakatani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuda
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.,The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Li BJ, He Y, Zhang Y, Guo YH, Zhou Y, Zhang PX, Wang W, Zhao JR, Li JG, Zuo WZ, Fan C, Jia ZS. Interferon-α-induced CD100 on naïve CD8 + T cells enhances antiviral responses to hepatitis C infection through CD72 signal transduction. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:89-100. [PMID: 28222623 PMCID: PMC5536608 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516676136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the effects of CD100 on naïve CD8+ T cells during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy to clarify the mechanism underlying the effect of IFN-α in enhancing the antiviral response. Methods The CD100 molecules on subsets of CD8+ T cells were analysed with flow cytometry. The effects of CD100-overexpressing naïve CD8+ T cells were determined with ELISAs and an MTT cytotoxicity assay. The role of CD100-CD72 signal transduction was analysed with a neutralization and transwell assays. Results HCV infection reduced CD100 expression on CD8+ T cells, whereas IFN-α treatment significantly increased CD100 expression on naïve CD8+ T cells. The increased CD100 interacted with the CD72 receptor and enhanced PBMC cytokine secretion (IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α) and cytotoxicity. Conclusions IFN-α-induced CD100 on naïve CD8+ T cells promotes PBMC cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity through CD100-CD72 signalling during HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jie Li
- 2 First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu He
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Hong Guo
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Xin Zhang
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Ru Zhao
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Ge Li
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Ze Zuo
- 2 First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chao Fan
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhan Sheng Jia
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Liver Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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32
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Zhou H, Kann MG, Mallory EK, Yang YH, Bugshan A, Binmadi NO, Basile JR. Recruitment of Tiam1 to Semaphorin 4D Activates Rac and Enhances Proliferation, Invasion, and Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Neoplasia 2016; 19:65-74. [PMID: 28038319 PMCID: PMC5198113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins and the plexins are a family of large, cysteine-rich proteins originally identified as regulators of axon growth and lymphocyte activation that are now known to provide motility and positional information for a number of cell and tissue types. For example, our group and others have shown that some malignancies over express Semaphorin 4D (S4D), which acts through its receptor Plexin-B1 (PB1) on endothelial cells to attract blood vessels from the surrounding stroma for the purpose of supporting tumor growth. While plexins are the known functional receptors for the semaphorins, there is evidence that transmembrane semaphorins may transmit a signal themselves through their short cytoplasmic tail, a phenomenon known as ‘reverse signaling.’ We used computational methods based upon correlated evolution of sequences of interacting proteins, mutational analysis and in vitro and in vivo measurements of tumor aggressiveness to show that when bound to PB1, transmembrane S4D associates with the Rac GTPase exchange factor T lymphoma invasion and metastasis (Tiam) 1, which activates Rac and promotes proliferation, invasion and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. These results suggest that not only can S4D production by tumor cells affect the microenvironment, but engagement of this semaphorin at the cell surface activates a reverse signaling mechanism that influences tumor aggressiveness in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 W. Baltimore Street, 7-North, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Maricel G Kann
- Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Emily K Mallory
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ying-Hua Yang
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 W. Baltimore Street, 7-North, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Amr Bugshan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 W. Baltimore Street, 7-North, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nada O Binmadi
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 W. Baltimore Street, 7-North, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Oral Basic & Clinical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - John R Basile
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 W. Baltimore Street, 7-North, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Otsu K, Ida-Yonemochi H, Fujiwara N, Harada H. The Semaphorin 4D-RhoA-Akt Signal Cascade Regulates Enamel Matrix Secretion in Coordination With Cell Polarization During Ameloblast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1943-1954. [PMID: 27218883 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During tooth development, oral epithelial cells differentiate into ameloblasts in order to form the most mineralized tissue in the vertebrate body: enamel. During this process, ameloblasts directionally secrete enamel matrix proteins and morphologically change from low columnar cells to polarized tall columnar cells, both of which are essential for the proper formation of enamel. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanism that integrates ameloblast function and morphology. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the restricted expression of semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) and RhoA activation status are closely associated with ameloblast differentiation in mouse incisors. In addition, in vitro gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Sema4D acts upstream of RhoA to regulate cell polarity and amelogenin expression via the Plexin B1/Leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG) complex during ameloblast differentiation. Experiments in transgenic mice demonstrated that expression of a dominant-negative form of RhoA in dental epithelium hindered ameloblast differentiation and subsequent enamel formation, as well as perturbing the establishment of polarized cell morphology and vectorial amelogenin expression. Finally, we showed that spatially restricted Akt mediates between Sema4D-RhoA signaling and these downstream cellular events. Collectively, our results reveal a novel signaling network, the Sema4D-RhoA-Akt signal cascade, that coordinates cellular function and morphology and highlights the importance of specific spatiotemporally restricted components of a signaling pathway in the regulation of ameloblast differentiation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Otsu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujiwara
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
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Movila A, Mawardi H, Nishimura K, Kiyama T, Egashira K, Kim JY, Villa A, Sasaki H, Woo SB, Kawai T. Possible pathogenic engagement of soluble Semaphorin 4D produced by γδT cells in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:42-47. [PMID: 27720716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prior consensus held that medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) lesion was composed of necrotic bone; however, more recent studies have identified inflammatory infiltrates in the lesion. Herein, we report that remarkably elevated infiltrating γδT cells (90% of lymphocytes) express Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) in human patient with MRONJ lesion, whereas γδT cells only account for 2-5% of lymphocytes in blood. Importantly, Sema4D is implicated in the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Indeed, in a mouse model of MRONJ, an elevated number of γδT, but not αβT, cells infiltrating in the MRONJ-like lesion was observed. Both elevated soluble Sema4D (sSema4D) production accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α IFN-γ and IL-1β, and Sema4D-expressing γδT cells were detected in mouse MRONJ-like lesion. Activated γδT cells produced sSema4D in vitro, which could promote TNF-α production from macrophages. Meanwhile, γδT cell-KO mice were resistant to the induction of MRONJ and, hence, showed no elevation of local productions of Sema4D and TNF-α. Finally, systemic administration of anti-Sema4D neutralizing mAb suppressed the onset of MRONJ in wild-type mice in conjunction with diminished level of TNF-α. These results suggested a critical pathogenic engagement of Sema4D produced by γδT cells in the development of MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Movila
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hani Mawardi
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kazuaki Nishimura
- Maxillo-oral Disorders, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Division of Oral Dysfunction of Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Density, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kiyama
- Division of Oral Molecular Regulation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Egashira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Research and Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sook-Bin Woo
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Vadasz Z, Goldeberg Y, Halasz K, Rosner I, Valesini G, Conti F, Perricone C, Sthoeger Z, Bezalel SR, Tzioufas AG, Levin NA, Shoenfeld Y, Toubi E. Increased soluble CD72 in systemic lupus erythematosus is in association with disease activity and lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Wu M, Li J, Gao Q, Ye F. The role of Sema4D/CD100 as a therapeutic target for tumor microenvironments and for autoimmune, neuroimmune and bone diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:885-901. [PMID: 26732941 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1139083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), also known as CD100, has been implicated in physiologic roles in the immune and nervous systems. However, the interaction of Sema4D with its high affinity receptor, Plexin-B1, reveals a novel role for Sema4D produced by the tumor microenvironment in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. AREAS COVERED The ligation of Sema4D/CD100 with CD72 on immune and inflammatory cells is known to stimulate immune responses and regulation. Because CD100 and CD72 are expressed on lung immune and nonimmune cells, as well as on mast cells, the CD100/CD72 interaction plays another important role in allergic airway inflammation and mast cell functions. A better understanding of Sema4D-mediated cell signaling in physiological and pathological processes may be crucial for crafting new Sema4D-based therapeutics for human disease and tumor microenvironments. Strategies to achieve effective management through treatment with Sema4D include special siRNAs, neutralizing antibodies and knockdown. EXPERT OPINION This review focuses on the links between Sema4D and human diseases such as cancer, bone metabolism, immune responses and organ development. The current knowledge regarding the expression of Sema4D and its receptors and its functional roles is systemically reviewed to explore Sema4D as both a target and a therapeutic in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Wu
- a Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Jing Li
- a Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- a Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Fei Ye
- b Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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Maleki KT, Cornillet M, Björkström NK. Soluble SEMA4D/CD100: A novel immunoregulator in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Clin Immunol 2015; 163:52-9. [PMID: 26732857 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SEMA4D/CD100 is a homodimeric protein belonging to the semaphorin family of axonal guidance proteins. Semaphorin family members have received increased attention lately due to their diverse functions in the immune system. SEMA4D was the first semaphorin described to have immune functions and serves important roles in T cell priming, antibody production, and cell-to-cell adhesion. Proteolytic cleavage of SEMA4D from the cell surface gives rise to a soluble fragment of SEMA4D (sSEMA4D). Similar to the transmembranal form, sSEMA4D is thought to have immunoregulatory properties. While the exact mechanisms responsible for SEMA4D shedding remain to be elucidated, emerging data have revealed associations between elevated systemic sSEMA4D levels and severity of infectious and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the literature concerning sSEMA4D and discusses its potential as a novel prognostic immune-biomarker and potential target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia T Maleki
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Fisher TL, Reilly CA, Winter LA, Pandina T, Jonason A, Scrivens M, Balch L, Bussler H, Torno S, Seils J, Mueller L, Huang H, Klimatcheva E, Howell A, Kirk R, Evans E, Paris M, Leonard JE, Smith ES, Zauderer M. Generation and preclinical characterization of an antibody specific for SEMA4D. MAbs 2015; 8:150-62. [PMID: 26431358 PMCID: PMC4966508 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D or CD100) is a member of the semaphorin family of proteins and an important mediator of the movement and differentiation of multiple cell types, including those of the immune, vascular, and nervous systems. Blocking the binding of SEMA4D to its receptors can result in physiologic changes that may have implications in cancer, autoimmune, and neurological disease. To study the effects of blocking SEMA4D, we generated, in SEMA4D-deficient mice, a panel of SEMA4D-specific hybridomas that react with murine, primate, and human SEMA4D. Utilizing the complementarity-determining regions from one of these hybridomas (mAb 67-2), we generated VX15/2503, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that is currently in clinical development for the potential treatment of various malignancies and neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis and Huntington's disease. This work describes the generation and characterization of VX15/2503, including in vitro functional testing, epitope mapping, and an in vivo demonstration of efficacy in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - He Huang
- a Vaccinex; Inc. ; Rochester , NY 14620
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Luque MCA, Gutierrez PS, Debbas V, Kalil J, Stolf BS. CD100 and plexins B2 and B1 mediate monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and might take part in atherogenesis. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:559-67. [PMID: 26275342 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte migration is essential for the function of the immune system. Their recruitment from the vessels to the tissues involves sequential molecular interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells (ECs). Many adhesion molecules involved in this process have already been described. However, additional molecules may be important in this interaction, and here we explore the potential role for CD100 and plexins in monocyte-EC binding. CD100 was shown to be involved in platelet-endothelial cell interaction, an important step in atherogenesis and thrombus formation. In a recent work we have described CD100 expression in monocytes and in macrophages and foam cells of human atherosclerotic plaques. In the present work, we have identified plexin B2 as a putative CD100 receptor in these cells. We have detected CD100 expression in the endothelium as well as in in vitro cultured endothelial cells. Blocking of CD100, plexin B1 and/or B2 in adhesion experiments have shown that both CD100 and plexins act as adhesion molecules involved in monocyte-endothelial cell binding. This effect may be mediated by CD100 expressed in both cell types, probably coupled to the receptors endothelial plexin B1 and monocytic plexin B2. These results can bring new insights about a possible biological activity of CD100 in monocyte adhesion and atherosclerosis, as well as a future candidate for targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina A Luque
- Heart Institute of São Paulo (InCor), HC-FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School-HC-FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Gutierrez
- Heart Institute of São Paulo (InCor), HC-FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Debbas
- Heart Institute of São Paulo (InCor), HC-FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Heart Institute of São Paulo (InCor), HC-FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School-HC-FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology - INCT - National Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Stolf
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Yoshida Y, Ogata A, Kang S, Ebina K, Shi K, Nojima S, Kimura T, Ito D, Morimoto K, Nishide M, Hosokawa T, Hirano T, Shima Y, Narazaki M, Tsuboi H, Saeki Y, Tomita T, Tanaka T, Kumanogoh A. Semaphorin 4D Contributes to Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inducing Inflammatory Cytokine Production: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1481-90. [PMID: 25707877 PMCID: PMC5032998 DOI: 10.1002/art.39086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D)/CD100 has pleiotropic roles in immune activation, angiogenesis, bone metabolism, and neural development. We undertook this study to investigate the role of Sema4D in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Soluble Sema4D (sSema4D) levels in serum and synovial fluid were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Cell surface expression and transcripts of Sema4D were analyzed in peripheral blood cells from RA patients, and immunohistochemical staining of Sema4D was performed in RA synovium. Generation of sSema4D was evaluated in an ADAMTS‐4–treated monocytic cell line (THP‐1 cells). The efficacy of anti‐Sema4D antibody was evaluated in mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Results Levels of sSema4D were elevated in both serum and synovial fluid from RA patients, and disease activity markers were correlated with serum sSema4D levels. Sema4D‐expressing cells also accumulated in RA synovium. Cell surface levels of Sema4D on CD3+ and CD14+ cells from RA patients were reduced, although levels of Sema4D transcripts were unchanged. In addition, ADAMTS‐4 cleaved cell surface Sema4D to generate sSema4D in THP‐1 cells. Soluble Sema4D induced tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) production from CD14+ monocytes. IL‐6 and TNFα induced ADAMTS‐4 expression in synovial cells. Treatment with an anti‐Sema4D antibody suppressed arthritis and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production in CIA. Conclusion A positive feedback loop involving sSema4D/IL‐6 and TNFα/ADAMTS‐4 may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA. The inhibition of arthritis by anti‐Sema4D antibody suggests that Sema4D represents a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yoshida
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogata
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sujin Kang
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kousuke Ebina
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenrin Shi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Toru Hirano
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideki Tsuboi
- National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Saeki
- National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tomita
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Sawano T, Watanabe F, Ishiguchi M, Doe N, Furuyama T, Inagaki S. Effect of Sema4D on microglial function in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice. Glia 2015. [PMID: 26202989 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia evokes neuroinflammatory response. Inflammatory stimulation induces microglial activation, such as changes of their morphology from ramified to ameboid, expression of iNOS and cytokines, and the elevation of proliferative activity. Activated microglia play important roles in pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. A previous study indicated that Sema4D promoted iNOS expression in cultured microglia; however, roles of Sema4D on microglial activation in ischemic injury remains unclear. We investigated the effect of Sema4D-deficiency on microglial activation by using permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. In this study, ischemia-induced activated microglia were classified into activated-ramified microglia and ameboid microglia based on their morphology. We demonstrated that the rate of iNOS expression in activated-ramified microglia was lower than that in ameboid microglia, while the most proliferating microglia were activated-ramified microglia but not ameboid microglia after cerebral ischemia. Sema4D-deficiency decreased the number of ameboid microglia and iNOS-expressing activated-ramified microglia in the peri-ischemic cortex. These changes by Sema4D-deficiency contributed to the reduction of NO production that was estimated by nitrite concentration in ischemic cortex. On the other hand, Sema4D-deficiency promoted proliferation of microglia in the peri-ischemic cortex. Importantly, ischemia-induced apoptosis and postischemic behavioral abnormality were moderated in Sema4D(-/-) mice. These findings suggest that Sema4D promotes cytotoxic activation of microglia and inhibits functional recovery after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Sawano
- Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiya Watanabe
- Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Ishiguchi
- Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Pathogenesis and Control of Oral Diseases, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Doe
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Furuyama
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shinobu Inagaki
- Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Plexin-B1 and semaphorin 4D cooperate to promote cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:127-36. [PMID: 26051877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) and its receptor, Plexin-B1, are involved in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by mediating angiogenesis or perineural invasion through the interaction between Sema4D expression on SCC cells and Plexin-B1 expression on endothelial cells or nerves. Plexin-B1 was also recently found to be expressed on SCC cells. Plexin-B1 expression on several types of tumor cells could mediate various, and occasionally opposing, effects, including tumor cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, whether Sema4D exerts paracrine or autocrine effects on SCC via Plexin-B1 remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to explore the effects of Sema4D/Plexin-B1 interaction on SCC via Plexin-B1 expressed on the tumor cells. METHODS In the present study, we detected the expression of Plexin-B1 and Sema4D in cutaneous SCC (cSCC) tissues and in the cSCC cell line A431 and analyzed the effects of the Sema4D/Plexin-B1 interaction on cSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as on the signaling pathway downstream of Plexin-B1. RESULTS We observed significantly increased Plexin-B1 and Sema4D expression in keratinocytes in cSCC lesions and in A431 cells compared with that in normal skin tissue and in non-malignant keratinocytes. Plexin-B1 silencing reduced the growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion of A431 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk). Soluble recombinant Sema4D promoted the growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion of A431 cells; Akt and Erk phosphorylation is also involved in these processes with a Plexin-B1 dependent manner. CONCLUSION Plexin-B1 induces cSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by interacting with Sema4D. Plexin-B1 might serve as a useful biomarker and/or as a novel therapeutic target for cSCC.
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Xia J, Swiercz JM, Bañón-Rodríguez I, Matković I, Federico G, Sun T, Franz T, Brakebusch CH, Kumanogoh A, Friedel RH, Martín-Belmonte F, Gröne HJ, Offermanns S, Worzfeld T. Semaphorin-Plexin Signaling Controls Mitotic Spindle Orientation during Epithelial Morphogenesis and Repair. Dev Cell 2015; 33:299-313. [PMID: 25892012 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis, homeostasis, and regeneration of epithelial tissues rely on the accurate orientation of cell divisions, which is specified by the mitotic spindle axis. To remain in the epithelial plane, symmetrically dividing epithelial cells align their mitotic spindle axis with the plane. Here, we show that this alignment depends on epithelial cell-cell communication via semaphorin-plexin signaling. During kidney morphogenesis and repair, renal tubular epithelial cells lacking the transmembrane receptor Plexin-B2 or its semaphorin ligands fail to correctly orient the mitotic spindle, leading to severe defects in epithelial architecture and function. Analyses of a series of transgenic and knockout mice indicate that Plexin-B2 controls the cell division axis by signaling through its GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain and Cdc42. Our data uncover semaphorin-plexin signaling as a central regulatory mechanism of mitotic spindle orientation necessary for the alignment of epithelial cell divisions with the epithelial plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jakub M Swiercz
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Ivana Matković
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Federico
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tianliang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Timo Franz
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Cord H Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Leonard JE, Fisher TL, Winter LA, Cornelius CA, Reilly C, Smith ES, Zauderer M. Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of VX15/2503, a Humanized IgG4 Anti-SEMA4D Antibody. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:964-72. [PMID: 25657333 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody VX15/2503 bound with 1 to 5 nmol/L affinity to purified recombinant semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D; CD100) produced using murine, rat, cynomolgus macaque, and human sequences. The affinity for native SEMA4D expressed on macaque T lymphocytes was approximately 0.6 nmol/L. Tissues from rats and cynomolgus macaques demonstrated specific staining only with resident lymphocytes. Single-dose and one-month toxicology/PK studies used VX15/2503 dose levels of 0 to 100 mg/kg. No toxicity was observed with either species in these studies, thus the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 100 mg/kg. Cmax, exposure, and half-life values were similar for both rats and macaques. The NOAEL in a primate maximum feasible dose study was 200 mg/kg. Saturation of T-cell-associated SEMA4D occurred following administration of single doses of 0.1 mg/kg and above; five weekly injections of VX15/2503 at a dose level of 100 mg/kg produced saturation lasting for more than 120 and 130 days, respectively, for rats and primates. Macaques administered five weekly doses of VX15/2503 showed dose-dependent reductions of 2- to 3-fold in T-cell SEMA4D (cSEMA4D) expression levels compared with controls. Reduced cSEMA4D expression levels continued until serum antibody concentrations were 2 to 5 μg/mL, and thereafter normal cSEMA4D levels were restored. On the basis of these data, a phase I clinical study of the safety and tolerability of VX15/2503 was conducted, enrolling adult patients with advanced solid tumor diseases; a single-dose, dose escalation, phase I safety study was also initiated with subjects with multiple sclerosis.
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Southwell AL, Franciosi S, Villanueva EB, Xie Y, Winter LA, Veeraraghavan J, Jonason A, Felczak B, Zhang W, Kovalik V, Waltl S, Hall G, Pouladi MA, Smith ES, Bowers WJ, Zauderer M, Hayden MR. Anti-semaphorin 4D immunotherapy ameliorates neuropathology and some cognitive impairment in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 76:46-56. [PMID: 25662335 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited, fatal neurodegenerative disease with no disease-modifying therapy currently available. In addition to characteristic motor deficits and atrophy of the caudate nucleus, signature hallmarks of HD include behavioral abnormalities, immune activation, and cortical and white matter loss. The identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets that contribute to these degenerative cellular processes may lead to new interventions that slow or even halt the course of this insidious disease. Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) is a transmembrane signaling molecule that modulates a variety of processes central to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration including glial cell activation, neuronal growth cone collapse and apoptosis of neural precursors, as well as inhibition of oligodendrocyte migration, differentiation and process formation. Therefore, inhibition of SEMA4D signaling could reduce CNS inflammation, increase neuronal outgrowth and enhance oligodendrocyte maturation, which may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases, including HD. To that end, we evaluated the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of an anti-SEMA4D monoclonal antibody, which prevents the interaction between SEMA4D and its receptors, in the YAC128 transgenic HD mouse model. Anti-SEMA4D treatment ameliorated neuropathological signatures, including striatal atrophy, cortical atrophy, and corpus callosum atrophy and prevented testicular degeneration in YAC128 mice. In parallel, a subset of behavioral symptoms was improved in anti-SEMA4D treated YAC128 mice, including reduced anxiety-like behavior and rescue of cognitive deficits. There was, however, no discernible effect on motor deficits. The preservation of brain gray and white matter and improvement in behavioral measures in YAC128 mice treated with anti-SEMA4D suggest that this approach could represent a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HD. Importantly, this work provides in vivo demonstration that inhibition of pathways initiated by SEMA4D constitutes a novel approach to moderation of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Southwell
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sonia Franciosi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Erika B Villanueva
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Yuanyun Xie
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Boguslaw Felczak
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Weining Zhang
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Vlad Kovalik
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sabine Waltl
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - George Hall
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138648, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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Giacobini P. Shaping the Reproductive System: Role of Semaphorins in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Development and Function. Neuroendocrinology 2015; 102:200-15. [PMID: 25967979 DOI: 10.1159/000431021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The semaphorin proteins, which contribute to the morphogenesis and homeostasis of a wide range of systems, are among the best-studied families of guidance cues. Much recent research has focused on the role of semaphorins in the development and adult activity of hormone systems and, reciprocally, how circulating reproductive hormones regulate their expression and function. Specifically, several reports have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of semaphorins on the migration, survival and structural and functional plasticity of neurons that secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), essential for the acquisition and maintenance of reproductive competence in mammals. Alterations in the development of this neuroendocrine system lead to anomalous or absent GnRH secretion, resulting in heterogeneous reproductive disorders such as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) or other conditions characterized by infertility or subfertility. This review summarizes current knowledge of the role of semaphorins and their receptors on the development, differentiation and plasticity of the GnRH system. In addition, the involvement of genetic deficits in semaphorin signaling in some forms of CHH in humans is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, U1172, School of Medicine, University of Lille, and Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, IFR114, Lille, France
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Ito T, Bai T, Tanaka T, Yoshida K, Ueyama T, Miyajima M, Negishi T, Kawasaki T, Takamatsu H, Kikutani H, Kumanogoh A, Yukawa K. Estrogen-dependent proteolytic cleavage of semaphorin 4D and plexin-B1 enhances semaphorin 4D-induced apoptosis during postnatal vaginal remodeling in pubescent mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97909. [PMID: 24841081 PMCID: PMC4026538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Around the fifth week after birth, the vaginal cavity in female mouse pups opens to the overlaying skin. This postnatal tissue remodeling of the genital tract occurs during puberty, and it largely depends upon hormonally induced apoptosis that mainly occurs in the epithelium at the lower part of the mouse vaginal cavity. Previously, we showed that most BALB/c mice lacking the class IV Semaphorin (Sema4D) develop imperforate vagina and hydrometrocolpos; therefore, we reasoned that the absence of Sema4D-induced apoptosis in vaginal epithelial cells may cause the imperforate vagina. Sema4D signals via the Plexin-B1 receptor; nevertheless detailed mechanisms mediating this hormonally triggered apoptosis are not fully documented. To investigate the estrogen-dependent control of Sema4D signaling during the apoptosis responsible for mouse vaginal opening, we examined structural and functional modulation of Sema4D, Plexin-B1, and signaling molecules by analyzing both wild-type and Sema4D−/− mice with or without ovariectomy. Both the release of soluble Sema4D and the conversion of Plexin-B1 by proteolytic processing in vaginal tissue peaked 5 weeks after birth of wild-type BALB/c mice at the time of vaginal opening. Estrogen supplementation of ovariectomized wild-type mice revealed that both the release of soluble Sema4D and the conversion of Plexin-B1 into an active form were estrogen-dependent and concordant with apoptosis. Estrogen supplementation of ovariectomized Sema4D−/− mice did not induce massive vaginal apoptosis in 5-week-old mice; therefore, Sema4D may be an essential apoptosis-inducing ligand that acts downstream of estrogen action in vaginal epithelium during this postnatal tissue remodeling. Analysis of ovariectomized mice also indicated that Sema4D contributed to estrogen-dependent dephosphorylation of Akt and ERK at the time of vaginal opening. Based on our results, we propose that apoptosis in vaginal epithelium during postnatal vaginal opening is induced by enhanced Sema4D signaling that is caused by estrogen-dependent structural changes of Sema4D and Plexin-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Ito
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueyama
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Negishi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kawasaki
- Division of Brain Function, National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Mishima, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kikutani
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yukawa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Raissi AJ, Scangarello FA, Hulce KR, Pontrello JK, Paradis S. Enhanced potency of the metalloprotease inhibitor TAPI-2 by multivalent display. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2002-7. [PMID: 24581919 PMCID: PMC4043442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteases regulate a vast array of critical cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, repair, and invasion/metastasis. In so doing, metalloproteases have been shown to play key roles in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including arteriosclerosis, arthritis, cancer metastasis, and ischemic brain injury. Therefore, much work has focused on developing metalloprotease inhibitors to provide a potential therapeutic benefit against the progression of these and other diseases. In order to produce a more potent inhibitor of metalloproteases, we synthesized multivalent displays of a metalloprotease inhibitor derived from the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Specifically, multivalent ligands of a broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitor, TAPI-2, were generated upon conjugation of the amine-bearing inhibitor with the ROMP-derived N-hydroxysuccinimide ester polymer. By monitoring the metalloprotease dependent cleavage of the transmembrane protein Semaphorin4D (Sema4D), we demonstrated an enhancement of inhibition by multivalent TAPI-2 compared to monovalent TAPI-2. To further optimize the potency of the multivalent inhibitor, we systematically varied the polymer length and inhibitor ligand density (mole fraction, χ). We observed that while ligand density plays a modest role in the potency of inhibition caused by the multivalent TAPI-2 display, the length of the polymer produces a much greater effect on inhibitor potency, with the shortest polymer achieving the greatest level of inhibition. These findings validate the use of multivalent display to enhance the potency of metalloprotease inhibitors and further, suggest this may be a useful approach to enhance potency of other small molecule towards their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram J Raissi
- Department of Biology, National Center for Behavioral Genomics, and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States
| | - Frank A Scangarello
- Department of Biology, National Center for Behavioral Genomics, and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States; Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States
| | - Kaitlin R Hulce
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States
| | - Jason K Pontrello
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States.
| | - Suzanne Paradis
- Department of Biology, National Center for Behavioral Genomics, and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States.
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A proteomic approach for the elucidation of the specificity of ectodomain shedding. J Proteomics 2014; 98:233-43. [PMID: 24456812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ectodomain shedding (shedding) is a posttranslational modification mechanism, which liberates extracellular domains of membrane proteins through juxtamembrane processing. Because shedding alters cell characteristics in a rapid and irreversible manner, it must be strictly regulated. However, the regulatory mechanisms of shedding in response to environmental changes remain obscure. To evaluate the regulatory mechanisms of endogenous shedding, we previously developed a proteomic screening system to identify shedding targets. This system revealed a comprehensive picture of membrane proteins shed under defined conditions. In this study, we have improved the screening system to compare the shedding patterns in a mouse macrophage cell line treated with two different shedding inducers, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). We show here that LPS simultaneously activates the shedding of multiple membrane proteins. We further show that TPA specifically activates the shedding of αM/β2 integrin (Mac-1), which was not shed upon LPS-stimulation of macrophages. These results clearly demonstrate that the regulation of endogenous membrane protein shedding is both stimulus- and substrate-specific. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The shedding targets reported to date play pivotal roles in a variety of biological phenomena, including the immunological response, cell growth, cell adhesion and cell movement. In addition, several disease-related membrane proteins are shedding targets. Thus, understanding the regulation of shedding is important for the elucidation of pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. We submit that a comprehensive characterization of endogenous shedding is indispensable for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of shedding, and thus have developed a proteomic screening system to identify shedding targets. In this study, using our screening system, we demonstrate that different extracellular stimuli activate different types of shedding, even in a single cell. Our results prove that this proteomic approach is quite effective for the elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of shedding.
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The Semaphorin 4D-Plexin-B1-RhoA signaling axis recruits pericytes and regulates vascular permeability through endothelial production of PDGF-B and ANGPTL4. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:261-74. [PMID: 24114199 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) is a member of a family of transmembrane and secreted proteins that have been shown to act through its receptor Plexin-B1 to regulate axon growth cone guidance, lymphocyte activation, and bone density. SEMA4D is also overexpressed by some malignancies and plays a role in tumor-induced angiogenesis similar to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that has been targeted as part of some cancer therapies. In an attempt to examine the different effects on tumor growth and vascularity for these two pro-angiogenic factors, we previously noted that while inhibition of both VEGF and SEMA4D restricted tumor vascularity and size, vessels forming under conditions of VEGF blockade retained their association with pericytes while those arising in a background of SEMA4D/Plexin-B1 deficiency did not, an intriguing finding considering that alteration in pericyte association with endothelial cells is an emerging aspect of anti-angiogenic intervention in the treatment of cancer. Here we show through array analysis, immunoblots, migration and co-culture assays and VE-cadherin immunohistochemistry that SEMA4D production by head and neck carcinoma tumor cells induces expression of platelet-derived growth factor-B and angiopoietin-like protein 4 from endothelial cells in a Plexin-B1/Rho-dependent manner, thereby influencing proliferation and differentiation of pericytes and vascular permeability, whereas VEGF lacks these effects. These results partly explain the differences observed between SEMA4D and VEGF in pathological angiogenesis and suggest that targeting SEMA4D function along with VEGF could represent a novel anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategy for the treatment of solid tumors.
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