1
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Sasaki T, Ota Y, Takikawa Y, Terrooatea T, Kanaya T, Takahashi M, Taguchi-Atarashi N, Tachibana N, Yabukami H, Surh CD, Minoda A, Kim KS, Ohno H. Food antigens suppress small intestinal tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373766. [PMID: 39359724 PMCID: PMC11445177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Food components suppressing small intestinal tumorigenesis are not well-defined partly because of the rarity of this tumor type compared to colorectal tumors. Using Apcmin/+ mice, a mouse model for intestinal tumorigenesis, and antigen-free diet, we report here that food antigens serve this function in the small intestine. By depleting Peyer's patches (PPs), immune inductive sites in the small intestine, we found that PPs have a role in the suppression of small intestinal tumors and are important for the induction of small intestinal T cells by food antigens. On the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of PPs, microfold (M) cells pass food antigens from lumen to the dendritic cells to induce T cells. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis of immune cells in PPs revealed a significant impact of food antigens on the induction of the PP T cells and the antigen presentation capacity of dendritic cells. These data demonstrate the role of food antigens in the suppression of small intestinal tumorigenesis by PP-mediated immune cell induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sasaki
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuna Ota
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yui Takikawa
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tommy Terrooatea
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanaya
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masumi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Taguchi-Atarashi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Tachibana
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruka Yabukami
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Charles D. Surh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Aki Minoda
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Liu EG, Yin X, Siniscalco ER, Eisenbarth SC. Dendritic cells in food allergy, treatment, and tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:511-522. [PMID: 38971539 PMCID: PMC11414995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Food allergy is a growing problem with limited treatment options. It is important to understand the mechanisms of food tolerance and allergy to promote the development of directed therapies. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that prime adaptive immune responses, such as those involved in the development of oral tolerance and food allergies. The DC subsets in the gut and skin are defined by their surface markers and function. The default response to an ingested innocuous antigen is oral tolerance, which requires either gut DCs or a subset of newly identified RORγt+ APCs to induce the development of gut peripheral regulatory T cells. However, DCs in the skin, gut, and lung can also promote allergic sensitization when they are activated under certain inflammatory conditions, such as with alarmin release or gut dysbiosis. DCs also play a role in the responses to the various modalities of food immunotherapy. Langerhans cells in the skin appear to be necessary for the response to epicutaneous immunotherapy. It will be important to determine which real-world stimuli activate the DCs that prime allergic sensitization and discover methods to selectively initiate a tolerogenic program in APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G Liu
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Emily R Siniscalco
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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3
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Gribonika I, Strömberg A, Chandode RK, Schön K, Lahl K, Bemark M, Lycke N. Migratory CD103 +CD11b + cDC2s in Peyer's patches are critical for gut IgA responses following oral immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:509-523. [PMID: 38492746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Induction and regulation of specific intestinal immunoglobulin (Ig)A responses critically depend on dendritic cell (DC) subsets and the T cells they activate in the Peyer's patches (PP). We found that oral immunization with cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant resulted in migration-dependent changes in the composition and localization of PP DC subsets with increased numbers of cluster of differentiation (CD)103- conventional DC (cDC)2s and lysozyme-expressing DC (LysoDCs) in the subepithelial dome and of CD103+ cDC2s that expressed CD101 in the T cell zones, while oral ovalbumin (OVA) tolerization was instead associated with greater accumulation of cDC1s and peripherally induced regulatory T cells (pTregs) in this area. Decreased IgA responses were observed after CT-adjuvanted immunization in huCD207DTA mice lacking CD103+ cDC2s, while oral OVA tolerization was inefficient in cDC1-deficient Batf3-/- mice. Using OVA transgenic T cell receptor CD4 T cell adoptive transfer models, we found that co-transferred endogenous wildtype CD4 T cells can hinder the induction of OVA-specific IgA responses through secretion of interleukin-10. CT could overcome this blocking effect, apparently through a modulating effect on pTregs while promoting an expansion of follicular helper T cells. The data support a model where cDC1-induced pTreg normally suppresses PP responses for any given antigen and where CT's oral adjuvanticity effect is dependent on promoting follicular helper T cell responses through induction of CD103+ cDC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anneli Strömberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rakesh K Chandode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Schön
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina Lahl
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Medicine - Human Immunology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Nils Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Ballegaard ASR, Bøgh KL. Intestinal protein uptake and IgE-mediated food allergy. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112150. [PMID: 36596102 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is affecting 5-8% of young children and 2-4% of adults and seems to be increasing in prevalence. The cause of the increase in food allergy is largely unknown but proposed to be influenced by both environmental and lifestyle factors. Changes in intestinal barrier functions and increased uptake of dietary proteins have been suggested to have a great impact on food allergy. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the gastrointestinal digestion and intestinal barrier function and provide a more detailed description of intestinal protein uptake, including the various routes of epithelial transport, how it may be affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and the relation to food allergy. Further, we give an overview of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo techniques available for evaluation of intestinal protein uptake and gut permeability in general. Proteins are digested by gastric, pancreatic and integral brush border enzymes in order to allow for sufficient nutritional uptake. Absorption and transport of dietary proteins across the epithelial layer is known to be dependent on the physicochemical properties of the proteins and their digestion fragments themselves, such as size, solubility and aggregation status. It is believed, that the greater an amount of intact protein or larger peptide fragments that is transported through the epithelial layer, and thus encountered by the mucosal immune system in the gut, the greater is the risk of inducing an adverse allergic response. Proteins may be absorbed across the epithelial barrier by means of various mechanisms, and studies have shown that a transcellular facilitated transport route unique for food allergic individuals are at play for transport of allergens, and that upon mediator release from mast cells an enhanced allergen transport via the paracellular route occurs. This is in contrast to healthy individuals where transcytosis through the enterocytes is the main route of protein uptake. Thus, knowledge on factors affecting intestinal barrier functions and methods for the determination of their impact on protein uptake may be useful in future allergenicity assessments and for development of future preventive and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine Lindholm Bøgh
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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5
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Mechanisms for the Invasion and Dissemination of Salmonella. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:2655801. [PMID: 35722038 PMCID: PMC9203224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2655801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a gastroenteric Gram-negative bacterium that can infect both humans and animals and causes millions of illnesses per year around the world. Salmonella infections usually occur after the consumption of contaminated food or water. Infections with Salmonella species can cause diseases ranging from enterocolitis to typhoid fever. Salmonella has developed multiple strategies to invade and establish a systemic infection in the host. Different cell types, including epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and M cells, are important in the infection process of Salmonella. Dissemination throughout the body and colonization of remote organs are hallmarks of Salmonella infection. There are several routes for the dissemination of Salmonella typhimurium. This review summarizes the current understanding of the infection mechanisms of Salmonella. Additionally, different routes of Salmonella infection will be discussed. In this review, the strategies used by Salmonella enterica to establish persistent infection will be discussed. Understanding both the bacterial and host factors leading to the successful colonization of Salmonella enterica may enable the rational design of effective therapeutic strategies.
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6
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Shieh J, Chu TH, Liu Y, Kim J, Ruiz de Sabando A, Kobayashi S, Zee SY, Sheridan BS, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. KLF5 protects the intestinal epithelium against Th17 immune response in a murine colitis model. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153488. [PMID: 35393949 PMCID: PMC9057631 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness characterized by dysregulated immune cascades in the intestines, in which the Th17 immune response plays an important role. We demonstrated that mice with intestinal epithelium–specific deletion of Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) developed Th17-dependent colonic inflammation. In the absence of KLF5, there was aberrant cellular localization of phosphorylated STAT3, an essential mediator of the Th17-associated cytokine, IL-22, which is required for epithelial tissue regeneration. In contrast, mitigation of IL-17A with anti–IL-17A neutralizing antibody attenuated colitis in Klf5-deficient mice. There was also a considerable shift in the colonic microbiota of Klf5-deficient mice that phenocopied human IBD. Notably, the inflammatory response due to Klf5 deletion was alleviated by antibiotic treatment, implicating the role of microbiota in pathogenesis. Finally, human colitic tissues had reduced KLF5 levels when compared with healthy tissues. Together, these findings demonstrated the importance of KLF5 in protecting the intestinal epithelium against Th17-mediated immune and inflammatory responses. The mice described herein may serve as a potential model for human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Soma Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | | | | | | | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Informatics.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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7
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Surwase SS, Shahriar SMS, An JM, Ha J, Mirzaaghasi A, Bagheri B, Park JH, Lee YK, Kim YC. Engineered Nanoparticles inside a Microparticle Oral System for Enhanced Mucosal and Systemic Immunity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11124-11143. [PMID: 35227057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antigen delivery through an oral route requires overcoming multiple challenges, including gastrointestinal enzymes, mucus, and epithelial tight junctions. Although each barrier has a crucial role in determining the final efficiency of the oral vaccination, transcytosis of antigens through follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) represents a major challenge. Most of the research is focused on delivering an antigen to the M-cell for FAE transcytosis because M-cells can easily transport the antigen from the luminal site. However, the fact is that the M-cell population is less than 1% of the total gastrointestinal cells, and most of the oral vaccines have failed to show any effect in clinical trials. To challenge the current dogma of M-cell targeting, in this study, we designed a novel tandem peptide with a FAE-targeting peptide at the front position and a cell-penetrating peptide at the back position. The tandem peptide was attached to a smart delivery system, which overcomes the enzymatic barrier and the mucosal barrier. The result showed that the engineered system could target the FAE (enterocytes and M-cells) and successfully penetrate the enterocytes to reach the dendritic cells located at the subepithelium dome. There was successful maturation and activation of dendritic cells in vitro confirmed by a significant increase in maturation markers such as CD40, CD86, presentation marker MHC I, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10). The in vivo results showed a high production of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (helper T-cell) and a significantly higher production of CD8+ T-lymphocytes (killer T-cell). Finally, the production of mucosal immunity (IgA) in the trachea, intestine, and fecal extracts and systemic immunity (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) was successfully confirmed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that designed a novel tandem peptide to target the FAE, which includes M-cells and enterocytes rather than M-cell targeting and showed that a significant induction of both the mucosal and systemic immune response was achieved compared to M-cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Surwase
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5940, United States
- KB Biomed Inc., Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Man An
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - JongHoon Ha
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Amin Mirzaaghasi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Babak Bagheri
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- KB Biomed Inc., Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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8
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Primary Site of Coxsackievirus B Replication in the Small Intestines: No Proof of Peyer's Patches Involvement. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122600. [PMID: 34946201 PMCID: PMC8709031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enterovirus (EV) infections are associated with a broad range of diseases. Since the first experimental infection of primates with poliovirus (PV), tonsils and the Peyer’s patches (PPs) have been believed to be the primary replication sites of EVs. Our aim was to localize different viral markers in the small intestines (SI) of coxsackievirus B (CVB) orally and intraperitoneally (i.p.) infected mice. Methods: Transverse sections of SIs of both infected and control male outbred mice were collected at different intervals post-infection (p.i) and analyzed for presence of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and viral protein VP1 by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). Fluorescent marker, eGFP, was identified in cryosections of mice infected with eGFP-CVB3. Results: In the infected SIs, we observed enlarged germinating centers (GCs) in the PPs; IFN-α was detected in the PPs and mucosal layer of the SIs. However, VP1, viral RNA and the eGFP were absent in the GCs of PPs at all stages of infection irrespective of the virus strains used. Conclusions: Virus was present in the epithelial cells but not in GCs of the PPs of the murine SIs. Our results do not support the hypothesis of EV replication in the PP especially in the GCs.
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9
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Kim SH, Cho BH, Kim KS, Jang YS. Complement C5a promotes antigen cross-presentation by Peyer's patch monocyte-derived dendritic cells and drives a protective CD8 + T cell response. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108995. [PMID: 33852847 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement fragment C5a is closely associated with adaptive immune induction in the mucosa. However, the mechanisms that control CD8+ T cell responses by C5a have not been extensively explored. This study reveals that C5/C5a in the Peyer's patch (PP) subepithelial dome increases upon oral Listeria infection. We hypothesize that C5aR+ PP cells play an important role in the induction of antigen-specific T cell immunity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify C5aR- and lysozyme-expressing dendritic cells (C5aR+ LysoDCs) in PP and examine their role in CD8+ T cell immune induction. Stimulation of C5aR+ LysoDCs by C5a increases reactive oxygen species levels, leading to efficient antigen cross-presentation, which elicits an antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response. In C5-deficient mice, oral co-administration of C5a and Listeria enhances Listeria-specific cytotoxic T cell levels. Collectively, these findings suggest a role of the complement system in intestinal T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Hae Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byeol-Hee Cho
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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10
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Liu EG, Yin X, Swaminathan A, Eisenbarth SC. Antigen-Presenting Cells in Food Tolerance and Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:616020. [PMID: 33488627 PMCID: PMC7821622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.616020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy now affects 6%-8% of children in the Western world; despite this, we understand little about why certain people become sensitized to food allergens. The dominant form of food allergy is mediated by food-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which can cause a variety of symptoms, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. A central step in this immune response to food antigens that differentiates tolerance from allergy is the initial priming of T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), primarily different types of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs, along with monocyte and macrophage populations, dictate oral tolerance versus allergy by shaping the T cell and subsequent B cell antibody response. A growing body of literature has shed light on the conditions under which antigen presentation occurs and how different types of T cell responses are induced by different APCs. We will review APC subsets in the gut and discuss mechanisms of APC-induced oral tolerance versus allergy to food identified using mouse models and patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anush Swaminathan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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11
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Singh A, Dhume K, Tejero JD, Strutt TM, McKinstry KK. CD122-targetted IL-2 signals cause acute and selective apoptosis of B cells in Peyer's Patches. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12668. [PMID: 32728053 PMCID: PMC7391758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties that have been harnessed clinically and that are used experimentally to modulate leukocyte subsets in vivo. In mice, the bioavailability and half-life of IL-2 in vivo can be increased by complexing recombinant IL-2 with different clones of anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibodies that differentially target the cytokine to cells expressing different kinds of IL-2 receptors. While the impacts of systemic IL-2: anti-IL-2 antibody complex (IL-2C) administration are well-defined in the spleen and peripheral lymph nodes, how immune cells in the gut and gut-associated lymphoid tissues respond to IL-2C is not well characterized. Here, we analyze how major leukocyte populations in these tissues respond to IL-2C. We find that IL-2C targeting cells expressing IL-2 receptor beta cause an acute decrease in cellularity of Peyer's Patches while cell numbers in the lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes are unaffected. Cell contraction in Peyer's Patches is associated with the apoptosis of multiple B cell subsets. Our results are important to consider for understanding off-target impacts of IL-2C regimes in experimental models and for considering how IL-2 may contribute to the etiology or severity of gut-associated conditions such as Crohn's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Singh
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Kunal Dhume
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Joanne D Tejero
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Tara M Strutt
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.,NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - K Kai McKinstry
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA. .,NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
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12
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Li C, Lam E, Perez-Shibayama C, Ward LA, Zhang J, Lee D, Nguyen A, Ahmed M, Brownlie E, Korneev KV, Rojas O, Sun T, Navarre W, He HH, Liao S, Martin A, Ludewig B, Gommerman JL. Early-life programming of mesenteric lymph node stromal cell identity by the lymphotoxin pathway regulates adult mucosal immunity. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/42/eaax1027. [PMID: 31862865 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Redundant mechanisms support immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses to intestinal antigens. These include multiple priming sites [mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), Peyer's patches, and isolated lymphoid follicles] and various cytokines that promote class switch to IgA, even in the absence of T cells. Despite these backup mechanisms, vaccination against enteric pathogens such as rotavirus has limited success in some populations. Genetic and environmental signals experienced during early life are known to influence mucosal immunity, yet the mechanisms for how these exposures operate remain unclear. Here, we used rotavirus infection to follow antigen-specific IgA responses through time and in different gut compartments. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we tested the role of the lymphotoxin (LT) pathway-known to support IgA responses-at different developmental stages. We found that LT-β receptor (LTβR) signaling in early life programs intestinal IgA responses in adulthood by affecting antibody class switch recombination to IgA and subsequent generation of IgA antibody-secreting cells within an intact MLN. In addition, early-life LTβR signaling dictates the phenotype and function of MLN stromal cells to support IgA responses in the adult. Collectively, our studies uncover new mechanistic insights into how early-life LTβR signaling affects mucosal immune responses during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglei Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelyn Lam
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lesley A Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dennis Lee
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albert Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Musaddeque Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Brownlie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirill V Korneev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences and Department of Immunology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Rojas
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tian Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Navarre
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shan Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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13
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Kolesnikov M, Curato C, Zupancic E, Florindo H, Shakhar G, Jung S. Intravital visualization of interactions of murine Peyer's patch-resident dendritic cells with M cells. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:537-547. [PMID: 31856298 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine hosts specialized lymphoid structures, the Peyer's patches, that face the gut lumen and are overlaid with unique epithelial cells, called microfold (M) cells. M cells are considered to constitute an important route for antigen uptake in the mucosal immune system. Here, we used intravital microscopy to define immune cell populations, which are in close contact with M cells and potentially sample antigen. We present live evidence that DCs enter M cell pockets and highlight the abundance of mononuclear phagocytes in these structures. Taking advantage of the respective reporter animals, we focused on classical DCs that express Zbtb46 and analyzed how these cells interact with M cells in steady state and sample antigen for T cell activation in the Peyer's patches following challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Kolesnikov
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eva Zupancic
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Guy Shakhar
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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14
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Strzępa A, Marcińska K, Majewska-Szczepanik M, Szczepanik M. Oral treatment with enrofloxacin creates anti-inflammatory environment that supports induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105966. [PMID: 31679846 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral enrofloxacin treatment altered the gut microbiome promoting anti-inflammatory bacteria. The dysbiosis promotes regulatory cell induction in the intestines and in the periphery, which suppresses contact sensitivity. Bacterial-derived signals promote regulatory cell induction both directly and indirectly by influencing the phenotype of dendritic cells (DC). METHODS Oral treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotic enrofloxacin was used to evaluate how gut flora perturbation shapes the immune response in the gut and the periphery. RESULTS Enrofloxacin-induced dysbiosis creates an anti-inflammatory environment characterized by increased IL-10 concentration in the gut lumen and tissues. The production of IFN-γ and IL-17A did not change. Oral enrofloxacin treatment skewed the profile of the immune response towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype locally in small intestinal Peyer's Patches (PP) and systematically in the spleen (SPL). Enrofloxacin administration changed immune response in PP by increasing TGF-β secretion from an increased percentage of TGF-β-producing. In the SPL, enrofloxacin treatment increased the secretion of TGF-β and IL-10 and decreased the secretion of IL-17A and IFN-γ. The shift in cytokine profile correlated with a higher percentage of latency-associated peptide and IL-10-producing cells and a decreased percentage of IFN-γ-producing T cells. This anti-inflammatory immune response in the PP and SPL promoted a higher frequency of tolerogenic DC. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that two-week enrofloxacin treatment induces dysbiosis, skews immune response towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and elevates secretion of TGF-β and IL-10 in the intestines and periphery. Additionally, we observed higher frequencies of tolerogenic DC, characterized by CD11b and IL-10 expression, which are known inducers of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strzępa
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marcińska
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Majewska-Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
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15
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Soto ER, Kim HC, Yagita H, De Jesus M, Ostroff GR. Polydopamine Coating of Glucan Particles Increases Uptake into Peyer's Patches. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3748-3754. [PMID: 35021348 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucan particles (GPs) are hollow, porous 3-4 μm microspheres derived from the cell walls of Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The β-1,3-D glucan outer shell of GPs provides for receptor-mediated uptake by phagocytic cells expressing β-glucan receptors. GPs have been used for efficient encapsulation of different types of payloads (DNA, siRNA, proteins, antigens, small molecules), and these payloads have been delivered in vivo by a variety of routes including oral delivery. It is known that GPs are transported across the intestinal epithelium by Peyer's patch M-cells and accumulate in a subset of CD11c+Langerin-positive dendritic cells (DC) in the subepithelial dome (SED). An increase in GP uptake in the intestinal epithelium is needed to improve our efforts to develop GPs for oral delivery of therapeutics and vaccines. In this Article, we report that polydopamine coating of GPs (PDA-GPs) increases transepithelial uptake. Synthesis of PDA-GPs was optimized to allow for encapsulation of payloads inside the hollow cavity of GPs. PDA-GPs and GP controls were orally administered to mice, and PDA-GPs showed a 42% increased uptake in SED phagocytes. PDA-GP uptake by SED phagocytes in control and M-cell-depleted mice demonstrated both M-cell-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In future studies, we will evaluate PDA-GPs for oral vaccine delivery and the use of PDA-functional groups for secondary surface derivatization to generate particles with ligands targeting other intestinal epithelium cell-surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto R Soto
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Heather C Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Magdia De Jesus
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Gary R Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts 01605, United States
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16
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Demers-Mathieu V, Huston RK, Markell AM, McCulley EA, Martin RL, Dallas DC. Antenatal Influenza A-Specific IgA, IgM, and IgG Antibodies in Mother's Own Breast Milk and Donor Breast Milk, and Gastric Contents and Stools from Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071567. [PMID: 31336756 PMCID: PMC6682892 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenatal milk anti-influenza antibodies may provide additional protection to newborns until they are able to produce their own antibodies. To evaluate the relative abundance of milk, we studied the antibodies specific to influenza A in feeds and gastric contents and stools from preterm infants fed mother’s own breast milk (MBM) and donor breast milk (DBM). Feed (MBM or DBM) and gastric contents (MBM or DBM at 1 h post-ingestion) and stool samples (MBM/DBM at 24 h post-ingestion) were collected, respectively, from 20 preterm (26–36 weeks gestational age) mother-infant pairs at 8–9 days and 21–22 days of postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for anti-H1N1 hemagglutinin (anti-H1N1 HA) and anti-H3N2 neuraminidase (anti-H3N2 NA) specificity across immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes. The relative abundance of influenza A-specific IgA in feeds and gastric contents were higher in MBM than DBM at 8–9 days of postnatal age but did not differ at 21–22 days. Anti-influenza A-specific IgM was higher in MBM than in DBM at both postnatal times in feed and gastric samples. At both postnatal times, anti-influenza A-specific IgG was higher in MBM than DBM but did not differ in gastric contents. Gastric digestion reduced anti-H3N2 NA IgG from MBM at 21–22 days and from DBM at 8–9 days of lactation, whereas other anti-influenza A antibodies were not digested at either postnatal times. Supplementation of anti-influenza A-specific antibodies in DBM may help reduce the risk of influenza virus infection. However, the effective antibody dose required to induce a significant protective effect remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Demers-Mathieu
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robert K Huston
- Department of Pediatrics, Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Andi M Markell
- Department of Pediatrics, Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Elizabeth A McCulley
- Department of Pediatrics, Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Rachel L Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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17
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Komban RJ, Strömberg A, Biram A, Cervin J, Lebrero-Fernández C, Mabbott N, Yrlid U, Shulman Z, Bemark M, Lycke N. Activated Peyer's patch B cells sample antigen directly from M cells in the subepithelial dome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2423. [PMID: 31160559 PMCID: PMC6547658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) reaction in Peyer's patches (PP) requires continuous access to antigens, but how this is achieved is not known. Here we show that activated antigen-specific CCR6+CCR1+GL7- B cells make close contact with M cells in the subepithelial dome (SED). Using in situ photoactivation analysis of antigen-specific SED B cells, we find migration of cells towards the GC. Following antigen injection into ligated intestinal loops containing PPs, 40% of antigen-specific SED B cells bind antigen within 2 h, whereas unspecifc cells do not, indicating B cell-receptor involvment. Antigen-loading is not observed in M cell-deficient mice, but is unperturbed in mice depleted of classical dendritic cells (DC). Thus, we report a M cell-B cell antigen-specific transporting pathway in PP that is independent of DC. We propose that this antigen transporting pathway has a critical role in gut IgA responses, and should be taken into account when developing mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathan Joy Komban
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Anneli Strömberg
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Adi Biram
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Jakob Cervin
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Cristina Lebrero-Fernández
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Neil Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Mats Bemark
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden.
| | - Nils Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden.
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18
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Rodriguez MJ, Palomares F, Bogas G, Torres MJ, Diaz-Perales A, Rojo J, Plaza-Seron MDC, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Orengo C, Mayorga C, Perkins JR. Transcriptional Profiling of Dendritic Cells in a Mouse Model of Food-Antigen-Induced Anaphylaxis Reveals the Upregulation of Multiple Immune-Related Pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800759. [PMID: 30458065 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Much of the knowledge about gene expression during anaphylaxis comes from candidate gene studies. Despite their potential role, expression changes in dendritic cells (DCs) have not been studied in this context using high throughput methods. The molecular mechanisms underlying food-antigen-induced anaphylaxis are investigated using DCs from an animal model. METHODS AND RESULTS RNA sequencing is used to study gene expression in lymph-node-derived DCs from anaphylactic mice sensitized intranasally with the major peach allergen Pru p 3 during the acute reaction phase, induced intraperitoneally. In total, 237 genes changed significantly, 181 showing at least twofold changes. Almost three-quarters of these increase during anaphylaxis. A subset is confirmed using RT-PCR in a second set of samples obtained from a new batch of mice. Enrichment analysis shows an overrepresentation of genes involved in key immune system and inflammatory processes, including TGF-β signaling. Comparison with a study using anaphylactic human subjects show significant overlap. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide a comprehensive overview of the transcriptional changes occurring in DCs during anaphylaxis and help elucidate the mechanisms involved. They add further weight to the putative role of these cells in anaphylaxis and highlight genes that may represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Rodriguez
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009, Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gador Bogas
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009, Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009, Malaga, Spain
| | - Araceli Diaz-Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Alba Rodriguez-Nogales
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009, Malaga, Spain
| | - Christine Orengo
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009, Malaga, Spain.,Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009, Malaga, Spain
| | - James Richard Perkins
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, 29009, Malaga, Spain
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19
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Singh N, Gallagher HC, Song R, Dhinsa JK, Ostroff GR, De Jesus M. RNA isolation from Peyer's patch lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes to determine gene expression profiles using NanoString technology. J Biol Methods 2018; 5:e95. [PMID: 31453245 PMCID: PMC6706143 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2018.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sampling and immune surveillance within gut-associated lymphoid tissues such as the intestinal Peyer’s patch (PP) occurs by an elegantly orchestrated effort that involves the epithelial barrier, B and T lymphocytes, and an extensive network of mononuclear phagocytes. Although we now understand more about the dynamics of antigen and microbial sampling within PPs, the gene expression changes that occur in individual cell subsets during sampling are not well characterized. This protocol describes the isolation of high-quality RNA from sorted PP, B and T-lymphocytes, and CD11c+ phagocytes for use with nCounter-NanoString technology. This method allows investigators to study gene expression changes within PPs in response to antigens, microbes, and oral vaccine delivery vehicles of interest that are sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Singh
- Division of Molecular Genetics Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA
| | - Heather C Gallagher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health Albany, Albany NY, USA
| | - Renjie Song
- Biochemistry and Immunology Core, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA
| | - Jaskiran K Dhinsa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA.,Division of Molecular Genetics Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA
| | - Gary R Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Magdia De Jesus
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health Albany, Albany NY, USA
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20
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Distribution, location, and transcriptional profile of Peyer's patch conventional DC subsets at steady state and under TLR7 ligand stimulation. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1412-1430. [PMID: 28378808 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of the mucosal immune response in Peyer's patch (PP) relies on the sampling, processing, and efficient presentation of foreign antigens by dendritic cells (DCs). Among PP DCs, CD11b+ conventional DCs (cDCs) and lysozyme-expressing DCs (LysoDCs) have distinct progenitors and functions but share many cell surface markers. This has previously led to confusion between these two subsets. In addition, another PP DC subset, termed double-negative (DN), remains poorly characterized. Here we show that both DN and CD11b+ cDCs belong to a unique SIRPα+ cDC subset. At steady state, cDCs and TIM-4+ macrophages are mainly located in T-cell zones, i.e., interfollicular regions, whereas a majority of subepithelial phagocytes are monocyte-derived cells, namely, LysoDCs and TIM-4- macrophages. Finally, oral administration of a Toll-like receptor 7 ligand induces at least three TNF-dependent events: (i) migration of dome-associated villus cDCs in interfollicular regions, (ii) increase of CD8α+ interfollicular cDC number, and (iii) activation of both CD11b+ and CD8α+ interfollicular cDCs. The latter is marked by a genetic reprograming leading to the upregulation of type I interferon-stimulated and of both immuno-stimulatory and -inhibitory gene expression.
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21
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Da Silva C, Wagner C, Bonnardel J, Gorvel JP, Lelouard H. The Peyer's Patch Mononuclear Phagocyte System at Steady State and during Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1254. [PMID: 29038658 PMCID: PMC5630697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut represents a potential entry site for a wide range of pathogens including protozoa, bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Consequently, it is protected by one of the largest and most diversified population of immune cells of the body. Its surveillance requires the constant sampling of its encounters by dedicated sentinels composed of follicles and their associated epithelium located in specialized area. In the small intestine, Peyer’s patches (PPs) are the most important of these mucosal immune response inductive sites. Through several mechanisms including transcytosis by specialized epithelial cells called M-cells, access to the gut lumen is facilitated in PPs. Although antigen sampling is critical to the initiation of the mucosal immune response, pathogens have evolved strategies to take advantage of this permissive gateway to enter the host and disseminate. It is, therefore, critical to decipher the mechanisms that underlie both host defense and pathogen subversive strategies in order to develop new mucosal-based therapeutic approaches. Whereas penetration of pathogens through M cells has been well described, their fate once they have reached the subepithelial dome (SED) remains less well understood. Nevertheless, it is clear that the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) plays a critical role in handling these pathogens. MPS members, including both dendritic cells and macrophages, are indeed strongly enriched in the SED, interact with M cells, and are necessary for antigen presentation to immune effector cells. This review focuses on recent advances, which have allowed distinguishing the different PP mononuclear phagocyte subsets. It gives an overview of their diversity, specificity, location, and functions. Interaction of PP phagocytes with the microbiota and the follicle-associated epithelium as well as PP infection studies are described in the light of these new criteria of PP phagocyte identification. Finally, known alterations affecting the different phagocyte subsets during PP stimulation or infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Wagner
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Johnny Bonnardel
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialisation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Hugues Lelouard
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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22
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Fu L, Wang C, Wang Y. Seafood allergen-induced hypersensitivity at the microbiota-mucosal site: Implications for prospective probiotic use in allergic response regulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1512-1525. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1269719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linglin Fu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Hewitt RE, Robertson J, Haas CT, Pele LC, Powell JJ. Reduction of T-Helper Cell Responses to Recall Antigen Mediated by Codelivery with Peptidoglycan via the Intestinal Nanomineral-Antigen Pathway. Front Immunol 2017; 8:284. [PMID: 28367148 PMCID: PMC5355426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring intestinal nanomineral particles constituently form in the mammalian gut and trap luminal protein and microbial components. These cargo loaded nanominerals are actively scavenged by M cells of intestinal immune follicles, such as Peyer’s patches and are passed to antigen-presenting cells. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations as an in vitro model of nanomineral uptake and antigen presentation, we show that monocytes avidly phagocytose nanomineral particles bearing antigen and peptidoglycan (PGN), and that the presence of PGN within particles downregulates their cell surface MHC class II and upregulates programmed death receptor ligand 1. Nanomineral delivery of antigen suppresses antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses, an effect that is enhanced in the presence of PGN. Blocking the interleukin-10 receptor restores CD4+ T cell responses to antigen codelivered with PGN in nanomineral form. Using human intestinal specimens, we have shown that the in vivo nanomineral pathway operates in an interleukin-10 rich environment. Consequently, the delivery of a dual antigen–PGN cargo by endogenous nanomineral in vivo is likely to be important in the establishment of intestinal tolerance, while their synthetic mimetics present a potential delivery system for therapeutic applications targeting the modulation of Peyer’s patch T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Hewitt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council, Department of Mineral Science and Technology, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack Robertson
- Medical Research Council, Department of Mineral Science and Technology, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Cambridge , UK
| | - Carolin T Haas
- Medical Research Council, Department of Mineral Science and Technology, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Cambridge , UK
| | - Laetitia C Pele
- Medical Research Council, Department of Mineral Science and Technology, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Cambridge , UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council, Department of Mineral Science and Technology, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The aim of this review is to provide a coherent framework for understanding dendritic cells (DCs). It has seven sections. The introduction provides an overview of the immune system and essential concepts, particularly for the nonspecialist reader. Next, the “History” section outlines the early evolution of ideas about DCs and highlights some sources of confusion that still exist today. The “Lineages” section then focuses on five different populations of DCs: two subsets of “classical” DCs, plasmacytoid DCs, monocyte-derived DCs, and Langerhans cells. It highlights some cellular and molecular specializations of each, and also notes other DC subsets that have been proposed. The following “Tissues” section discusses the distribution and behavior of different DC subsets within nonlymphoid and secondary lymphoid tissues that are connected by DC migration pathways between them. In the “Tolerance” section, the role of DCs in central and peripheral tolerance is considered, including their ability to drive the differentiation of different populations of regulatory T cells. In contrast, the “Immunity” section considers the roles of DCs in sensing of infection and tissue damage, the initiation of primary responses, the T-cell effector phase, and the induction of immunological memory. The concluding section provides some speculative ideas about the evolution of DCs. It also revisits earlier concepts of generation of diversity and clonal selection in terms of DCs driving the evolution of T-cell responses. Throughout, this review highlights certain areas of uncertainty and suggests some avenues for future investigation.
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Villena J, Vizoso-Pinto MG, Kitazawa H. Intestinal Innate Antiviral Immunity and Immunobiotics: Beneficial Effects against Rotavirus Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:563. [PMID: 27994593 PMCID: PMC5136547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal tissues of the gastrointestinal tract are the main portal entry of pathogens such as rotavirus (RV), which is a leading cause of death due to diarrhea among young children across the globe and a major cause of severe acute intestinal infection in livestock animals. The interactions between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and immune cells with RVs have been studied for several years, and now, it is known that the innate immune responses triggered by this virus can have both beneficial and detrimental effects for the host. It was demonstrated that natural RV infection in infants and experimental challenges in mice result in the intestinal activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and striking secretion of proinflammatory mediators that can lead to increased local tissue damage and immunopathology. Therefore, modulating desregulated intestinal immune responses triggered by PRRs activation are a significant promise for reducing the burden of RV diseases. The ability of immunoregulatory probiotic microorganisms (immunobiotics) to protect against intestinal infections, such as those caused by RVs, is among the oldest effects studied for these important group of beneficial microbes. In this review, we provide an update of the current status on the modulation of intestinal antiviral innate immunity by immunobiotics and their beneficial impact on RV infection. In addition, we describe the research of our group that demonstrated the capacity of immunobiotic strains to beneficially modulated TLR3-triggered immune response in IECs, reduce the disruption of intestinal homeostasis caused by intraepithelial lymphocytes, and improve the resistance to RV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Villena
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina; Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maria Guadalupe Vizoso-Pinto
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Faculty of Medicine, INSIBIO (UNT-CONICET), National University of Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina; Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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26
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Zhang WD, Wang WH, Li SX, Jia S, Zhang XF, Cao TT. Localization of neonatal Fc receptor for IgG in aggregated lymphoid nodules area in abomasum of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) of different ages. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:237. [PMID: 27765059 PMCID: PMC5072297 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays a crucial role in transporting IgG and associated antigens across polarized epithelial barriers in mucosal immunity. However, it was not clear that FcRn expression in aggregated lymphoid nodules area (ALNA) in abomasum, a unique and important mucosal immune structure discovered only in Bactrian camels. In the present study, 27 Alashan Bactrian camels were divided into the following five age groups: fetus (10–13 months of gestation), young (1–2 years), pubertal (3–5 years), middle-aged (6–16 years) and old (17–20 years). The FcRn expressions were observed and analyzed in detail with histology, immunohistochemistry, micro-image analysis and statistical methods. Results The results showed that the FcRn was expressed in mucosal epithelial cells of ALNA from the fetus to the old group, although the expression level rapidly declined in old group; moreover, after the ALNA maturated, the FcRn expression level in the non-follicle-associated epithelium (non-FAE) was significantly higher than that in FAE (P < 0.05). In addition, the FcRn was also expressed in the vessel endothelium, smooth muscle tissue, and macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) of secondary lymphoid follicles (sLFs). Conclusions It was demonstrated that FcRn was mainly expressed in non-FAE, the effector sites, although which was expressed in FAE, the inductive sites for mucosal immunity. And it was also expressed in DCs and macrophages in sLFs of all ages of Bactrian camels. The results provided a powerful evidence that IgG (including HCAb) could participate in mucosal immune response and tolerance in ALNA of Bactrian camels through FcRn transmembrane transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Shu-Xian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Shuai Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
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27
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Morikawa M, Tsujibe S, Kiyoshima-Shibata J, Watanabe Y, Kato-Nagaoka N, Shida K, Matsumoto S. Microbiota of the Small Intestine Is Selectively Engulfed by Phagocytes of the Lamina Propria and Peyer's Patches. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163607. [PMID: 27701454 PMCID: PMC5049916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes such as dendritic cells and macrophages, which are distributed in the small intestinal mucosa, play a crucial role in maintaining mucosal homeostasis by sampling the luminal gut microbiota. However, there is limited information regarding microbial uptake in a steady state. We investigated the composition of murine gut microbiota that is engulfed by phagocytes of specific subsets in the small intestinal lamina propria (SILP) and Peyer's patches (PP). Analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences revealed that: 1) all the phagocyte subsets in the SILP primarily engulfed Lactobacillus (the most abundant microbe in the small intestine), whereas CD11bhi and CD11bhiCD11chi cell subsets in PP mostly engulfed segmented filamentous bacteria (indigenous bacteria in rodents that are reported to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells); and 2) among the Lactobacillus species engulfed by the SILP cell subsets, L. murinus was engulfed more frequently than L. taiwanensis, although both these Lactobacillus species were abundant in the small intestine under physiological conditions. These results suggest that small intestinal microbiota is selectively engulfed by phagocytes that localize in the adjacent intestinal mucosa in a steady state. These observations may provide insight into the crucial role of phagocytes in immune surveillance of the small intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kan Shida
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Park JH, Jeong DY, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Eisenhut M, Shin JI. Insight into the role of TSLP in inflammatory bowel diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 16:55-63. [PMID: 27697608 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are thought to modulate pathogeneses of various inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which has been studied in various allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), has been less considered to be involved in IBDs. However, mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) induced by various cytokines including TSLP were reported to cause polarization of T cell toward Th2 response, the differentiation of regulatory T-cell (Treg), and secretion of IgA by B cells. In this review, we discuss the concept that decreased TSLP has the potential to accelerate the development of Th1 response dominant diseases such as the Crohn's disease (CD) while increased TSLP has the potential to lead to a development of Th2 cell dominant diseases such the ulcerative colitis (UC). To examine TSLP's role as a potential determining factor for differentiating UC and CD, we analyzed the effects of other genes regulated by TSLP in regards to the UC and CD pathogeneses using data from online open access resources such as NetPath, GeneMania, and the String database. Our findings indicate that TSLP is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of IBDs and that further studies are needed to evaluate its role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U954 and Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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29
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Reboldi A, Arnon TI, Rodda LB, Atakilit A, Sheppard D, Cyster JG. IgA production requires B cell interaction with subepithelial dendritic cells in Peyer's patches. Science 2016; 352:aaf4822. [PMID: 27174992 PMCID: PMC4890166 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) induction primarily occurs in intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs). However, the cellular interactions necessary for IgA class switching are poorly defined. Here we show that in mice, activated B cells use the chemokine receptor CCR6 to access the subepithelial dome (SED) of PPs. There, B cells undergo prolonged interactions with SED dendritic cells (DCs). PP IgA class switching requires innate lymphoid cells, which promote lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR)-dependent maintenance of DCs. PP DCs augment IgA production by integrin αvβ8-mediated activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). In mice where B cells cannot access the SED, IgA responses against oral antigen and gut commensals are impaired. These studies establish the PP SED as a niche supporting DC-B cell interactions needed for TGFβ activation and induction of mucosal IgA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Reboldi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tal I Arnon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lauren B Rodda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amha Atakilit
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Secondary lymphoid tissues share the important function of bringing together antigens and rare antigen-specific lymphocytes to foster induction of adaptive immune responses. Peyer's patches (PPs) are unique compared to other secondary lymphoid tissues in their continual exposure to an enormous diversity of microbiome- and food-derived antigens and in the types of pathogens they encounter. Antigens are delivered to PPs by specialized microfold (M) epithelial cells and they may be captured and presented by resident dendritic cells (DCs). In accord with their state of chronic microbial antigen exposure, PPs exhibit continual germinal center (GC) activity. These GCs not only contribute to the generation of B cells and plasma cells producing somatically mutated gut antigen-specific IgA antibodies but have also been suggested to support non-specific antigen diversification of the B-cell repertoire. Here, we review current understanding of how PPs foster B-cell encounters with antigen, how they favor isotype switching to the secretory IgA isotype, and how their GC responses may uniquely contribute to mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Reboldi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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31
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Elderman M, van Beek A, Brandsma E, de Haan B, Savelkoul H, de Vos P, Faas M. Sex impacts Th1 cells, Tregs, and DCs in both intestinal and systemic immunity in a mouse strain and location-dependent manner. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:21. [PMID: 27051505 PMCID: PMC4820953 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Males and females have a different predisposition for the development of intestinal disorders, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that sex specific differences in intestinal immune responses may underlie this bias. To test this hypothesis, we studied sex differences in immune cell populations in the Peyer's patches (PP). For comparison with systemic immunity, we studied spleen cells. METHODS Two mouse strains with different susceptibility for developing colitis (BALB/c and C57Bl/6) were used. Using flow cytometry, we measured the percentage of T cells, Th1, Th17, and Treg cells in the PP and spleen. In addition, we measured the percentages of NK cells, macrophages, myeloid, and lymphoid dendritic cells (DCs) and their expression of CD80 and CD103. Moreover, we measured percentages of monocyte subsets in the peripheral circulation. Results were tested using two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05. RESULTS Males had a lower percentage of T cells in both PP and spleen (PP BALB/c 22.1 %, B6 13.6 %; spleen BALB/c 4.7 %, B6 19.9 %) but a higher percentage of Th1 cell in both tissues (PP BALB/c 350 %, B6 109.5 %; spleen BALB/c 48.7 %, B6 41.9 %) than females. They also had a higher percentage of Tregs in the spleen than females (BALB/c 20.5 %, B6 4.5 %). Furthermore, males had a higher percentage of CD80(+) DCs in both the PP and spleen (lymphoid DCs in PP BALB/c 104.7 %, B6 29.6 %; spleen BALB/c 72.2 %, B6 44.2 %; myeloid DCs in PP BALB/c 80.5 %, B6 93.3 %; spleen BALB/c 88.5 %, B6 50.8 %) and a higher percentage of lymphoid CD103(+) DCs in the spleen than females (BALB/c 41.5 %, B6 28.3 %). The percentage of NK cells was decreased in the spleen (BALB/c 12.5 %, B6 25.1 %) but increased in the PP (BALB/c 75.7 %, B6 78.6 %) of males as compared with females. Strain differences were also found in the PP; BALB/c mice had a higher percentage of T cells (males 58.1 %, females 75.5 %), a higher Th/Tc ratio (males 81.0 %, females 134.2 %), less FoxP3(+)CD25(-) T cells (males 14.6 %, females 30.0 %), more DCs (males 14.8 %, females 15.7 %) and macrophages (males 67.9 %, females 141.2 %), and more NK cells (males 160 %, females164.3 %) than BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show sex differences in intestinal and peripheral immune populations. These differences may underlie sex differences in intestinal disorders like IBD, and this information may be an important knowledge for the treatment of intestinal-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Elderman
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan van Beek
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eelke Brandsma
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Haan
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Immunity and Tolerance Induced by Intestinal Mucosal Dendritic Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3104727. [PMID: 27034589 PMCID: PMC4789473 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells present in the digestive tract are constantly exposed to environmental antigens, commensal flora, and invading pathogens. Under steady-state conditions, these cells have high tolerogenic potential, triggering differentiation of regulatory T cells to protect the host from unwanted proinflammatory immune responses to innocuous antigens or commensals. On the other hand, these cells must discriminate between commensal flora and invading pathogens and mount powerful immune response against pathogens. A potential result of unbalanced tolerogenic versus proinflammatory responses mediated by dendritic cells is associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, food allergies, and celiac disease. Herein, we review the dendritic cell population involved in mediating tolerance and immunity in mucosal surfaces, the progress in unveiling their development in vivo, and factors that can influence their functions.
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Na H, Cho M, Chung Y. Regulation of Th2 Cell Immunity by Dendritic Cells. Immune Netw 2016; 16:1-12. [PMID: 26937227 PMCID: PMC4770095 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Th2 cell immunity is required for host defense against helminths, but it is detrimental in allergic diseases in humans. Unlike Th1 cell and Th17 cell subsets, the mechanism by which dendritic cells modulate Th2 cell responses has been obscure, in part because of the inability of dendritic cells to provide IL-4, which is indispensable for Th2 cell lineage commitment. In this regard, immune cells other than dendritic cells, such as basophils and innate lymphoid cells, have been suggested as Th2 cell inducers. More recently, multiple independent researchers have shown that specialized subsets of dendritic cells mediate Th2 cell responses. This review will discuss the current understanding related to the regulation of Th2 cell responses by dendritic cells and other immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjin Na
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Minkyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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34
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Hansen JJ. Immune Responses to Intestinal Microbes in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:61. [PMID: 26306907 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by chronic, T-cell-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that can cause significant, lifelong morbidity. Data from both human and animal studies indicate that IBDs are likely caused by dysregulated immune responses to resident intestinal microbes. Certain products from mycobacteria, fungi, and Clostridia stimulate increased effector T cell responses during intestinal inflammation, whereas other bacterial products from Clostridia and Bacteroides promote anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell responses. Antibody responses to bacterial and fungal components may help predict the severity of IBDs. While most currently approved treatments for IBDs generally suppress the patient's immune system, our growing understanding of microbial influences in IBDs will likely lead to the development of new diagnostic tools and therapies that target the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Hansen
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7032, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7032, USA,
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35
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Brod SA. Ingested (oral) anti-IL-12/23 inhibits EAE. J Neurol Sci 2015; 361:19-25. [PMID: 26810510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking the activity of IL-12/23 can inhibit autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. OBJECTIVE We examined whether an antibody against IL-12/23, ustekinumab (UTZ) (Stelera®), used clinically in psoriasis would have similar anti-inflammatory effects in EAE after oral administration. DESIGN/METHODS B6 mice were immunized with MOG peptide 35-55 and gavaged with isotype IgG control or UTZ during ongoing disease. Splenocytes, CD4(+) T cells or macrophages/monocyte lineage cells (CD11b(+)) from control fed or UTZ fed mice were adoptively transferred into active MOG peptide 35-55 immunized recipient mice during ongoing disease. Actively fed and recipient mice were examined for disease inhibition, inflammation, and cytokine responses. RESULTS Ingested (oral) UTZ inhibited ongoing disease and decreased inflammation. Adoptively transferred cells from UTZ fed donors protected against actively induced disease and decreased inflammation. Oral UTZ decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines Th1-like cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-17 (Teff) and TNF-α in UTZ fed mice and increased counter-regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 in recipients of donor cells from UTZ fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Ingested (orally administered) UTZ can inhibit disease, CNS inflammation, decrease pro-inflammatory Th1-like and Th17 cytokines and increase Th2-like anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staley A Brod
- Department of Neurology, Division of MS/Neuroimmunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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36
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Leleux J, Atalis A, Roy K. Engineering immunity: Modulating dendritic cell subsets and lymph node response to direct immune-polarization and vaccine efficacy. J Control Release 2015; 219:610-621. [PMID: 26489733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While successful vaccines have been developed against many pathogens, there are still many diseases and pathogenic infections that are highly evasive to current vaccination strategies. Thus, more sophisticated approaches to control the type and quality of vaccine-induced immune response must be developed. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the sentinels of the body and play a critical role in immune response generation and direction by bridging innate and adaptive immunity. It is now well recognized that DCs can be separated into many subgroups, each of which has a unique function. Better understanding of how various DC subsets, in lymphoid organs and in the periphery, can be targeted through controlled delivery; and how these subsets modulate and control the resulting immune response could greatly enhance our ability to develop new, effective vaccines against complex diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of DC subset biology and discuss current immunotherapeutic strategies that utilize DC targeting to modulate and control immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardin Leleux
- The Wallace H. Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University and The Center for Immunoengineering at Georgia Tech, The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Alexandra Atalis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University and The Center for Immunoengineering at Georgia Tech, The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University and The Center for Immunoengineering at Georgia Tech, The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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Chamcha V, Jones A, Quigley BR, Scott JR, Amara RR. Oral Immunization with a Recombinant Lactococcus lactis-Expressing HIV-1 Antigen on Group A Streptococcus Pilus Induces Strong Mucosal Immunity in the Gut. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5025-34. [PMID: 26482408 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The induction of a potent humoral and cellular immune response in mucosal tissue is important for the development of an effective HIV vaccine. Most of the current HIV vaccines under development use the i.m. route for immunization, which is relatively poor in generating potent and long-lived mucosal immune responses. In this article, we explore the ability of an oral vaccination with a probiotic organism, Lactococcus lactis, to elicit HIV-specific immune responses in the mucosal and systemic compartments of BALB/c mice. We expressed the HIV-1 Gag-p24 on the tip of the T3 pilus of Streptococcus pyogenes as a fusion to the Cpa protein (LL-Gag). After four monthly LL-Gag oral immunizations, we observed strong Gag-specific IgG and IgA responses in serum, feces, and vaginal secretions. However, the Gag-specific CD8 T cell responses in the blood were at or below our detection limit. After an i.m. modified vaccinia Ankara/Gag boost, we observed robust Gag-specific CD8 T cell responses both in systemic and in mucosal tissues, including intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes of the small intestine, Peyer's patches, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Consistent with strong immunogenicity, the LL-Gag induced activation of CD11c(+) CD11b(+) dendritic cells in the Peyer's patches after oral immunization. Our results demonstrate that oral immunization with L. lactis expressing an Ag on the tip of the group A Streptococcus pilus serves as an excellent vaccine platform to induce strong mucosal humoral and cellular immunity against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Chamcha
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329; and
| | - Andrew Jones
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329; and
| | - Bernard R Quigley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - June R Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
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Abstract
The best-characterized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and also the most relevant for this review, is the gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The review reviews our understanding of the importance of mucosal immune responses in resisting infections caused by E. coli and Salmonella spp. It focuses on the major human E. coli infections and discusses whether antigen-specific mucosal immune responses are important for resistance against primary infection or reinfection by pathogenic E. coli. It analyzes human data on mucosal immunity against E. coli, a growing body of data of mucosal responses in food production animals and other natural hosts of E. coli, and more recent experimental studies in mice carrying defined deletions in genes encoding specific immunological effectors, to show that there may be considerable conservation of the effective host mucosal immune response against this pathogen. The species Salmonella enterica contains a number of serovars that include pathogens of both humans and animals; these bacteria are frequently host specific and may cause different diseases in different hosts. Ingestion of various Salmonella serovars, such as Typhimurium, results in localized infections of the small intestine leading to gastroenteritis in humans, whereas ingestion of serovar Typhi results in systemic infection and enteric fever. Serovar Typhi infects only humans, and the review discusses the mucosal immune responses against serovar Typhi, focusing on the responses in humans and in the mouse typhoid fever model.
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Generation of Th17 cells in response to intranasal infection requires TGF-β1 from dendritic cells and IL-6 from CD301b+ dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12782-7. [PMID: 26417101 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513532112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal (i.n.) infections preferentially generate Th17 cells. We explored the basis for this anatomic preference by tracking polyclonal CD4(+) T cells specific for an MHC class II-bound peptide from the mucosal pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pyogenes MHC class II-bound peptide-specific CD4(+) T cells were first activated in the cervical lymph nodes following i.n. inoculation and then differentiated into Th17 cells. S. pyogenes-induced Th17 formation depended on TGF-β1 from dendritic cells and IL-6 from a CD301b(+) dendritic cell subset located in the cervical lymph nodes but not the spleen. Thus, the tendency of i.n. infection to induce Th17 cells is related to cytokine production by specialized dendritic cells that drain this site.
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De Jesus M, Rodriguez AE, Yagita H, Ostroff GR, Mantis NJ. Sampling of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis by Langerin-positive dendritic cells in mouse Peyer's patches. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:64-72. [PMID: 26386376 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Candida genus, including C. albicans and C. tropicalis are opportunistic fungal pathogens that are increasingly associated with gastrointestinal infections and inflammatory bowel diseases. In healthy populations, however, C. albicans and C. tropicalis are considered benign members of the mycobiome, and are presumably kept in check by the mucosal immune system. In this study, we demonstrate in mice that C. albicans and C. tropicalis are sampled by Peyer's patch (PP) dendritic cells (DCs). Uptake into gut-associated lymphoid tissues occurred rapidly and was at least partly M cell-dependent. C. albicans and C. tropicalis preferentially localized in (and persisted within) a recently identified sub- population of Peyer's patch DCs distinguished by their expression of the C-type lectin receptor, Langerin. This study is the first to identify a subset of PP DCs capable of sampling Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdia De Jesus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Adam E Rodriguez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Dutchess Community College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gary R Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
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Nizard M, Diniz MO, Roussel H, Tran T, Ferreira LC, Badoual C, Tartour E. Mucosal vaccines: novel strategies and applications for the control of pathogens and tumors at mucosal sites. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2175-87. [PMID: 25424921 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system displays several adaptations reflecting the exposure to the external environment. The efficient induction of mucosal immune responses also requires specific approaches, such as the use of appropriate administration routes and specific adjuvants and/or delivery systems. In contrast to vaccines delivered via parenteral routes, experimental, and clinical evidences demonstrated that mucosal vaccines can efficiently induce local immune responses to pathogens or tumors located at mucosal sites as well as systemic response. At least in part, such features can be explained by the compartmentalization of mucosal B and T cell populations that play important roles in the modulation of local immune responses. In the present review, we discuss molecular and cellular features of the mucosal immune system as well as novel immunization approaches that may lead to the development of innovative and efficient vaccines targeting pathogens and tumors at different mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevyn Nizard
- a INSERM U970; Universite Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris-Cité; Paris, France
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Bonnardel J, Da Silva C, Lelouard H. Specificity and diversity of the mouse Peyer's patch mononuclear phagocyte system. Oncotarget 2015. [PMID: 26220207 PMCID: PMC4627255 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Bonnardel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Clément Da Silva
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Hugues Lelouard
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
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The Interaction among Microbiota, Immunity, and Genetic and Dietary Factors Is the Condicio Sine Qua Non Celiac Disease Can Develop. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:123653. [PMID: 26090475 PMCID: PMC4451297 DOI: 10.1155/2015/123653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. This is a complex disorder involving both environmental and immune-genetic factors. The major genetic risk factor for CD is determined by HLA-DQ genes. Dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems can conceivably cause impairment of mucosal barrier function and development of localized or systemic inflammatory and autoimmune processes. Exposure to gluten is the main environmental trigger responsible for the signs and symptoms of the disease, but exposure to gluten does not fully explain the manifestation of CD. Thus, both genetic determination and environmental exposure to gluten are necessary for the full manifestation of CD; neither of them is sufficient alone. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that other environmental factors, including infections, alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition, and early feeding practices, might also play a role in disease development. Thus, this interaction is the condicio sine qua non celiac disease can develop. The breakdown of the interaction among microbiota, innate immunity, and genetic and dietary factors leads to disruption of homeostasis and inflammation; and tissue damage occurs. Focusing attention on this interaction and its breakdown may allow a better understanding of the CD pathogenesis and lead to novel translational avenues for preventing and treating this widespread disease.
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Bonnardel J, Da Silva C, Masse M, Montañana-Sanchis F, Gorvel JP, Lelouard H. Gene expression profiling of the Peyer's patch mononuclear phagocyte system. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:21-4. [PMID: 26484215 PMCID: PMC4583621 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Peyer's patches (PPs) are primary inductive sites of mucosal immunity. The PP mononuclear phagocyte system, which encompasses both dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, is essential for the initiation of the mucosal immune response. We recently developed a method to isolate each mononuclear phagocyte subset of PP (Bonnardel et al., 2015). We performed a transcriptional analysis of three of these subsets: the CD11b(+) conventional DC, the lysozyme-expressing monocyte-derived DC termed LysoDC and the CD11c(hi) lysozyme-expressing macrophages. Here, we provide details of the gating strategy we used to isolate each phagocyte subset and show the quality controls and analysis associated with our gene array data deposited into Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under GSE65514.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Bonnardel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Clément Da Silva
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Masse
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Frederic Montañana-Sanchis
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Hugues Lelouard
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
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Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer’s Patch Monocyte-Derived Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 11:770-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
In the 40 years since their discovery, dendritic cells (DCs) have been recognized as central players in immune regulation. DCs sense microbial stimuli through pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) and decode, integrate, and present information derived from such stimuli to T cells, thus stimulating immune responses. DCs can also regulate the quality of immune responses. Several functionally specialized subsets of DCs exist, but DCs also display functional plasticity in response to diverse stimuli. In addition to sensing pathogens via PRRs, emerging evidence suggests that DCs can also sense stress signals, such as amino acid starvation, through ancient stress and nutrient sensing pathways, to stimulate adaptive immunity. Here, I discuss these exciting advances in the context of a historic perspective on the discovery of DCs and their role in immune regulation. I conclude with a discussion of emerging areas in DC biology in the systems immunology era and suggest that the impact of DCs on immunity can be usefully contextualized in a hierarchy-of-organization model in which DCs, their receptors and signaling networks, cell-cell interactions, tissue microenvironment, and the host macroenvironment represent different levels of the hierarchy. Immunity or tolerance can then be represented as a complex function of each of these hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bali Pulendran
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329;
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47
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Alexander KL, Targan SR, Elson CO. Microbiota activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 2015; 260:206-20. [PMID: 24942691 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human host has coevolved with the collective of bacteria species, termed microbiota, in a complex fashion that affects both innate and adaptive immunity. Differential regulation of regulatory T-cell and effector T-cell responses are a direct result of specific microbial species present within the gut, and this relationship is subject to dysregulation during inflammation and disease. The microbiota varies widely between individuals and has a profound effect on how one reacts to various environmental stimuli, particularly if a person is genetically predisposed to an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Approximately, half of all CD patients have elevated antibodies to CBir1, a microbiota flagellin common to mice and humans, demonstrating flagellins as immunodominant antigens in the intestines. This review focuses on the use of flagellins as probes to study microbiota-specific responses in the context of health and disease as well as probes of innate and adaptive responses employed by the host to deal with the overwhelming bacterial presence of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Alexander
- Department of Immunology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Bekiaris V, Persson EK, Agace WW. Intestinal dendritic cells in the regulation of mucosal immunity. Immunol Rev 2015; 260:86-101. [PMID: 24942684 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestine presents a huge surface area to the outside environment, a property that is of critical importance for its key functions in nutrient digestion, absorption, and waste disposal. As such, the intestine is constantly exposed to dietary and microbial-derived foreign antigens, to which immune cells within the mucosa must suitably respond to maintain intestinal integrity, while also providing the ability to mount effective immune responses to potential pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinel immune cells that play a central role in the initiation and differentiation of adaptive immune responses. In the intestinal mucosa, DCs are located diffusely throughout the intestinal lamina propria, within gut-associated lymphoid tissues, including Peyer's patches and smaller lymphoid aggregates, as well as in intestinal-draining lymph nodes, including mesenteric lymph nodes. The recognition that dietary nutrients and microbial communities in the intestine influence both mucosal and systemic immune cell development and function as well as immune-mediated disease has led to an explosion of literature in mucosal immunology in recent years and a growing interest in the functionality of intestinal DCs. In the current review, we discuss recent findings from our group and others that have provided important insights regarding murine and human intestinal lamina propria DCs and highlighted marked developmental and functional heterogeneity within this compartment. A thorough understanding of the role these subsets play in the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis and inflammation will help to define novel strategies for the treatment of intestinal pathologies and contribute to improved rational design of mucosal vaccines.
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