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Kawamura K, Matsumura Y, Kawamura T, Araki H, Hamada N, Kuramoto K, Yagi H, Onoyama I, Asanoma K, Kato K. Endometrial senescence is mediated by interleukin 17 receptor B signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:363. [PMID: 39010112 PMCID: PMC11247761 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified Il17RB, a member of the IL17 superfamily, as a candidate marker gene for endometrial aging. While IL17RB has been linked to inflammation and malignancies in several organ systems, its function in the endometrium has not been investigated and is thus poorly understood. In the present study, we performed a functional analysis of this receptor with the aim of determining the effects of its age-associated overexpression on the uterine environment. METHODS We analyzed IL17RB-related signaling pathways and downstream gene expression in an immortalized human endometrial glandular epithelial cell line ("hEM") forced to express the receptor via lentiviral transduction ("IL17RB-hEM"). We also prepared endometrial organoids from human endometrial tissue sourced from hysterectomy patients ("patient-derived EOs") and exposed them to cytokines that are upregulated by IL17RB expression to investigate changes in organoid-forming capacity and senescence markers. We analyzed RNA-seq data (GEO accession number GSE132886) from our previous study to identify the signaling pathways associated with altered IL17RB expression. We also analyzed the effects of the JNK pathway on organoid-forming capacity. RESULTS Stimulation with interleukin 17B enhanced the NF-κB pathway in IL17RB-hEM, resulting in significantly elevated expression of the genes encoding the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors IL6, IL8, and IL1β. Of these cytokines, IL1β inhibited endometrial organoid growth. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the JNK signaling pathway was associated with age-related variation in IL17RB expression. When IL17RB-positive cells were cultured in the presence of IL17B, their organoid-forming capacity was slightly but non-significantly lower than in unexposed IL17RB-positive cells, but when IL17B was paired with a JNK inhibitor (SP600125), it was restored to control levels. Further, IL1β exposure significantly reduced organoid-forming capacity and increased p21 expression in endometrial organoids relative to non-exposure (control), but when IL1β was paired with SP600125, both indicators were restored to levels comparable to the control condition. CONCLUSIONS We have revealed an association between IL17RB, whose expression increases in the endometrial glandular epithelium with advancing age, and cellular senescence. Using human endometrial organoids as in vitro model, we found that IL1β inhibits cell proliferation and leads to endometrial senescence via the JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yumiko Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Araki
- Department of Business and Technology Management, Faculty of Economics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kuramoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Onoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Liu Y, Ouyang Y, You W, Liu W, Cheng Y, Mai X, Shen Z. Physiological roles of human interleukin-17 family. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14964. [PMID: 37905720 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 s (IL-17s) are well-known proinflammatory cytokines, and their antagonists perform excellently in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. However, their physiological functions have not been given sufficient attention by clinicians. IL-17s can protect the host from extracellular pathogens, maintain epithelial integrity, regulate cognitive processes and modulate adipocyte activity through distinct mechanisms. Here, we present a systematic review concerning the physiological functions of IL-17s. Our goal is not to negate the therapeutic effect of IL-17 antagonists, but to ensure their safe use and reasonably explain the possible adverse events that may occur in their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Ouyang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanchun You
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Mai
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Guo X, Olajuyin A, Tucker TA, Idell S, Qian G. BRD4 as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13231. [PMID: 37686037 PMCID: PMC10487829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic modulators that regulate gene transcription through interacting with acetylated lysine residues of histone proteins. BET proteins have multiple roles in regulating key cellular functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, oxidative and redox balance, and immune responses. As a result, BET proteins have been found to be actively involved in a broad range of human lung diseases including acute lung inflammation, asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to the identification of specific small molecular inhibitors of BET proteins, targeting BET in these lung diseases has become an area of increasing interest. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the beneficial effects of BET inhibitors in preclinical models of various human lung diseases. This is, in general, largely related to the ability of BET proteins to bind to promoters of genes that are critical for inflammation, differentiation, and beyond. By modulating these critical genes, BET proteins are integrated into the pathogenesis of disease progression. The intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is of particular interest, seems to act independently of its bromodomain binding activity, and has implication in some contexts. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the research on BET proteins with a focus on BRD4 in several major human lung diseases, the underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as findings of targeting BET proteins using pharmaceutical inhibitors in different lung diseases preclinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guoqing Qian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA; (X.G.); (A.O.); (T.A.T.); (S.I.)
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4
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Okamura Y, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. Evolutional perspective and functional characteristics of interleukin-17 in teleosts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108496. [PMID: 36526158 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays essential roles in adaptive and innate immune responses against bacterial and fungal infections. Especially in mammalian mucosal tissues, it is well known that innate immune responses via IL-17A and IL-17F, such as the production of antimicrobial peptides, are very important for microbiota control. In contrast, interesting insights into the functions of IL-17 have recently been reported in several teleost species, although little research has been conducted on teleost IL-17. In the present review, we focused on current insights on teleost IL-17 and speculated on the different or consensus parts of teleost IL-17 signaling compared to that of mammals. This review focuses on the role of teleost IL-17 in intestinal immunity. We expect that this review will encourage a further understanding of the roles and importance of IL-17 signaling in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Okamura
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Jrad AIS, Trad M, Bzeih W, El Hasbani G, Uthman I. Role of pro-inflammatory interleukins in osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 64:238-247. [PMID: 36541851 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2157270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This manuscript will summarize the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tackle newly discussed ones within the scope of OA pathogenesis as mentioned in the recent literature. This will allow for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind such a complicated disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant articles were obtained by searching key terms including "pro-inflammatory cytokines," "inflammation," "pathophysiology," "cartilage damage," and "OA" in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The year ranges set for the selection of the articles was between 2015 -2021. Inclusion criteria was based on the relevance and contribution to the field of the study. RESULTS Osteoarthritis (OA) has a complex multifactorial pathophysiology which is attributed to molecular and biomechanical changes that disrupt the normal balance of synthesis and degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, with their wide range of action and intricate signaling pathways, are the constant subject of new discoveries revolving around this inflammatory disease. The available literature indicates that some of these cytokines such as IL-33, IL-17, IL-6, and IL-22 have a direct relation to cartilage degradation, while others like IL-15, IL-1, IL-7, and IL-34 have an indirect one. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation has an essential role in the manifestation of osteoarthritis clinical events. Specifically, certain cytokines exhibit pro-inflammatory properties that are markedly activated during the course of the disease and notably alter the homeostasis of the joint environment. However, clinical trials and observational studies remain insufficient to navigate the varying nature of this disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha Trad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Wafaa Bzeih
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Georges El Hasbani
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Imad Uthman
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Interleukin-17 Family Cytokines in Metabolic Disorders and Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091643. [PMID: 36140808 PMCID: PMC9498678 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines are potent drivers of inflammatory responses. Although IL-17 was originally identified as a cytokine that induces protective effects against bacterial and fungal infections, IL-17 can also promote chronic inflammation in a number of autoimmune diseases. Research in the last decade has also elucidated critical roles of IL-17 during cancer development and treatment. Intriguingly, IL-17 seems to play a role in the risk of cancers that are associated with metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the biochemical basis of IL-17 signaling, IL-17′s involvement in cancers and metabolic disorders, and postulate how IL-17 family cytokines may serve as a bridge between these two types of diseases.
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7
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IL-17 Cytokines and Chronic Lung Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142132. [PMID: 35883573 PMCID: PMC9318387 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17 cytokines are expressed by numerous cells (e.g., gamma delta (γδ) T, innate lymphoid (ILC), Th17, epithelial cells). They contribute to the elimination of bacteria through the induction of cytokines and chemokines which mediate the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of infection. However, IL-17-driven inflammation also likely promotes the progression of chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and asthma. In this review, we highlight the role of IL-17 cytokines in chronic lung diseases.
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Xie Y, Abel PW, Casale TB, Tu Y. T H17 cells and corticosteroid insensitivity in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:467-479. [PMID: 34953791 PMCID: PMC8821175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is classically described as having either a type 2 (T2) eosinophilic phenotype or a non-T2 neutrophilic phenotype. T2 asthma usually responds to classical bronchodilation therapy and corticosteroid treatment. Non-T2 neutrophilic asthma is often more severe. Patients with non-T2 asthma or late-onset T2 asthma show poor response to the currently available anti-inflammatory therapies. These therapeutic failures result in increased morbidity and cost associated with asthma and pose a major health care problem. Recent evidence suggests that some non-T2 asthma is associated with elevated TH17 cell immune responses. TH17 cells producing Il-17A and IL-17F are involved in the neutrophilic inflammation and airway remodeling processes in severe asthma and have been suggested to contribute to the development of subsets of corticosteroid-insensitive asthma. This review explores the pathologic role of TH17 cells in corticosteroid insensitivity of severe asthma and potential targets to treat this endotype of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peter W. Abel
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Thomas B. Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yaping Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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9
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Rapolu BL, Pullagurla A, Ganta S, Komaravalli PL, Gaddam SL. Immuno‐genetic importance of Th17 in susceptibility to TB. Scand J Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwini Pullagurla
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology Osmania University Hyderabad India
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab Tank Hyderabad India
| | - Soujanya Ganta
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology Osmania University Hyderabad India
| | | | - Suman Latha Gaddam
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology Osmania University Hyderabad India
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab Tank Hyderabad India
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10
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Chen F, Liu W, Zhang Q, Wu P, Xiao A, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Chen Y, Tong Z. IL-17F depletion accelerates chitosan conduit guided peripheral nerve regeneration. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:125. [PMID: 34274026 PMCID: PMC8285852 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a serious health problem and repairing long nerve deficits remains a clinical challenge nowadays. Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) serves as the most promising alternative therapy strategy to autografts but its repairing efficiency needs improvement. In this study, we investigated whether modulating the immune microenvironment by Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) could promote NGC mediated peripheral nerve repair. Chitosan conduits were used to bridge sciatic nerve defect in IL-17F knockout mice and wild-type mice with autografts as controls. Our data revealed that IL-17F knockout mice had improved functional recovery and axonal regeneration of sciatic nerve bridged by chitosan conduits comparing to the wild-type mice. Notably, IL-17F knockout mice had enhanced anti-inflammatory macrophages in the NGC repairing microenvironment. In vitro data revealed that IL-17F knockout peritoneal and bone marrow derived macrophages had increased anti-inflammatory markers after treatment with the extracts from chitosan conduits, while higher pro-inflammatory markers were detected in the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line, wild-type peritoneal and bone marrow derived macrophages after the same treatment. The biased anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages by IL-17F knockout probably contributed to the improved chitosan conduit guided sciatic nerve regeneration. Additionally, IL-17F could enhance pro-inflammatory factors production in Raw264.7 cells and wild-type peritoneal macrophages. Altogether, IL-17F may partially mediate chitosan conduit induced pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages during nerve repair. These results not only revealed a role of IL-17F in macrophage function, but also provided a unique and promising target, IL-17F, to modulate the microenvironment and enhance the peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Mimpen JY, Baldwin MJ, Cribbs AP, Philpott M, Carr AJ, Dakin SG, Snelling SJB. Interleukin-17A Causes Osteoarthritis-Like Transcriptional Changes in Human Osteoarthritis-Derived Chondrocytes and Synovial Fibroblasts In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676173. [PMID: 34054865 PMCID: PMC8153485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased interleukin (IL)-17A has been identified in joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA), but it is unclear how IL-17A, and its family members IL-17AF and IL-17F, can contribute to human OA pathophysiology. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the gene expression and signalling pathway activation effects of the different IL-17 family members in chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts derived from cartilage and synovium of patients with end-stage knee OA. Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) and IL-17RC are expressed in end-stage OA-derived cartilage and synovium. Chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts derived from end-stage OA patients were treated with IL-17A, IL-17AF, or IL-17F, and gene expression was assessed with bulk RNA-Seq. Hallmark pathway analysis showed that IL-17 cytokines regulated several OA pathophysiology-related pathways including immune-, angiogenesis-, and complement-pathways in both chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts derived from end-stage OA patients. While overall IL-17A induced the strongest transcriptional response, followed by IL-17AF and IL-17F, not all genes followed this pattern. Disease-Gene Network analysis revealed that IL-17A-related changes in gene expression in these cells are associated with experimental arthritis, knee arthritis, and musculoskeletal disease gene-sets. Western blot analysis confirmed that IL-17A significantly activates p38 and p65 NF-κB. Incubation of chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts with anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab significantly inhibited IL-17A-induced gene expression. In conclusion, the association of IL-17-induced transcriptional changes with arthritic gene-sets supports a role for IL-17A in OA pathophysiology. Future studies should further investigate the role of IL-17A in the OA joint to establish whether anti-IL-17 treatment could be a potential therapeutic option in OA patients with an inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolet Y Mimpen
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew J Baldwin
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Cribbs
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Philpott
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Carr
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J B Snelling
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Omara II, Pender CM, White MB, Dalloul RA. The Modulating Effect of Dietary Beta-Glucan Supplementation on Expression of Immune Response Genes of Broilers during a Coccidiosis Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010159. [PMID: 33445562 PMCID: PMC7827683 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Avian coccidiosis is the leading parasitic disease in the poultry industry and means to control its damages continue to be explored. This study evaluated the feeding effects of a yeast-derived β-glucan on expression of immune response genes in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of commercial broiler chickens during an Eimeria challenge. The study consisted of two dietary treatments (0% or 0.1% β-glucan) each with or without a coccidiosis challenge. There were significant effects from dietary β-glucan, Eimeria challenge, and their interaction for several gene targets in the spleen, thymus, and bursa on days 10 and 14 of age. Based on the current results, supplementation of dietary β-glucan in Eimeria-challenged birds enhanced and modulated the expression of immune response genes during coccidiosis. Abstract This study investigated the effects of a yeast-derived β-glucan (Auxoferm YGT) supplementation on mRNA expression of immune response genes in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of broiler chickens during a mixed Eimeria infection. Day (d)-old chicks (n = 1440) were fed diets containing 0% or 0.1% YGT. On d 8 post-hatch, half the replicate pens (n = 8) were challenged with a mixed inoculum of E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. On d 10 and d 14 post-hatch, the spleen, thymus, and bursa were collected to evaluate mRNA abundance by quantitative real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX model (2-way interaction) and differences were established by LS-MEANS with significance reported at p ≤ 0.05. In spleen tissues at d 10, expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were elevated in both 0.1% YGT-fed challenged and non-challenged birds. In thymus tissues at d 14, expression of IL-10, IL-17F, interferon (IFN)-γ, iNOS, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were elevated in challenged birds fed 0.1% YGT. In bursal tissues at d 10 and d 14, expression of IL-10, IFN-γ, iNOS (d 10 only), and MIF were elevated in 0.1% YGT-fed challenged and non-challenged birds. Dietary β-glucan supplementation to chicken diets modulated their immune response to the Eimeria challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam I. Omara
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.I.O.); (C.M.P.); (M.B.W.)
- Animal and Poultry Division, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Chasity M. Pender
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.I.O.); (C.M.P.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Mallory B. White
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.I.O.); (C.M.P.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Rami A. Dalloul
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.I.O.); (C.M.P.); (M.B.W.)
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence:
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Brevi A, Cogrossi LL, Grazia G, Masciovecchio D, Impellizzieri D, Lacanfora L, Grioni M, Bellone M. Much More Than IL-17A: Cytokines of the IL-17 Family Between Microbiota and Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565470. [PMID: 33244315 PMCID: PMC7683804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-(IL-)17 family of cytokines is composed of six members named IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, and IL-17F. IL-17A is the prototype of this family, and it was the first to be discovered and targeted in the clinic. IL-17A is essential for modulating the interplay between commensal microbes and epithelial cells at our borders (i.e., skin and mucosae), and yet, for protecting us from microbial invaders, thus preserving mucosal and skin integrity. Interactions between the microbiota and cells producing IL-17A have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune mediated inflammatory diseases and cancer. While interactions between microbiota and IL-17B-to-F have only partially been investigated, they are by no means less relevant. The cellular source of IL-17B-to-F, their main targets, and their function in homeostasis and disease distinguish IL-17B-to-F from IL-17A. Here, we intentionally overlook IL-17A, and we focus instead on the role of the other cytokines of the IL-17 family in the interplay between microbiota and epithelial cells that may contribute to cancer pathogenesis and immune surveillance. We also underscore differences and similarities between IL-17A and IL-17B-to-F in the microbiota-immunity-cancer axis, and we highlight therapeutic strategies that directly or indirectly target IL-17 cytokines in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brevi
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Lucia Cogrossi
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Grazia
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Desirée Masciovecchio
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzieri
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Lacanfora
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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14
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Li B, Huang L, Lv P, Li X, Liu G, Chen Y, Wang Z, Qian X, Shen Y, Li Y, Fang W. The role of Th17 cells in psoriasis. Immunol Res 2020; 68:296-309. [PMID: 32827097 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, like psoriasis, multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role of Th17 cells in psoriasis has not been clarified completely. Th17-derived proinflammatory cytokines including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-26 have a critical role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this review, we introduced the signaling and transcriptional regulation of Th17 cells. And then, we demonstrate the immunopathology role of Th17 cells and functions of the related cytokines in the psoriasis to get a better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms mediated by Th17 cells in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., No.1099, Fuying Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lv
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., No.1099, Fuying Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhu X, Zhao S, Ma X, Cao Z. IL-17F facilitates prostate cancer cell malignant phenotypes via activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13750. [PMID: 32668495 DOI: 10.1111/and.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is known as one of the most common cancers in men all over the world. Previous studies have identified that the pro-inflammatory mediator interleukin-17F (IL-17F) aggravates the progression of several diseases. However, whether IL-17F plays a role in PCa is still lack of enough exploration. In this study, IL-17F expression was strikingly upregulated in PCa tissues. Treatment of IL-17F promoted cell viability at a dose-dependent manner. Further, functional assays were implemented by treatment of 100 ng/ml of IL-17F. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness were promoted by 100 ng/ml of IL-17F. IL-17F increased the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT in PCa cells, indicating that IL-17F might activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in PCa cells. LY294002 (the inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway) could reverse the facilitating effects of IL-17F treatment on PCa cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness. Taken together, current study revealed that IL-17F facilitated PCa cell malignant phenotypes via activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, offering a potential therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxin Ma
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Cao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Prinz I, Sandrock I, Mrowietz U. Interleukin-17 cytokines: Effectors and targets in psoriasis-A breakthrough in understanding and treatment. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20191397. [PMID: 31727784 PMCID: PMC7037256 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the steps from basic research on IL-17 family cytokines to understanding their role in psoriasis pathogenesis to the approval of a number of monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-17 pathways as first line treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The IL-17 cytokine family comprising IL-17A to IL-17F and receptor subunits IL-17RA to IL-17RE represents a genetically ancient intercellular network regulating local tissue homeostasis. Its pivotal role in antifungal defense and its central position in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases including psoriasis were discovered only relatively late in the early 2000s. Since the connection of dysregulated IL-17 and psoriasis pathogenesis turned out to be particularly evident, a number of monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-17 pathways have been approved and are used as first line treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and further agents are currently in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Psoriasis Center at the Department of Dermatology and Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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17
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Pandey R, Prakash V. mRNA expression analysis of interleukins 17A and 17F in bronchial asthmatic patients from Northern Indian population. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2258-2263. [PMID: 32754484 PMCID: PMC7380788 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_35_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma being a chronic inflammatory disease concerning to the airways involves genetic and environmental factors. It is known to develop a clinical condition of airway hyper-responsiveness, which induces frequent symptoms in patients such as breathlessness, chest congestion, coughing, and wheezing, particularly during night hours or during early morning hours. The cytokine, Interleukin 17F (IL17F), is important in mediating allergic reactions in the body and regulating the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of asthmatic attacks, as well as airway inflammation, respectively. The Interleukin 17A (IL17A) is involved in increasing the biosynthesis of interleukins IL-6 and IL11. In contrast, IL17F enhances the expression of interleukin IL11 and tumor growth factor, TGF-β. METHODOLOGY Standard procedures were followed for collection and processing of blood samples from the subjects (controls and patients, 104 each), isolation of mRNA and to determine the quantities of IgE, and the interlukins (IL17A and IL17F) in the serum. The Real-time PCR and ELISA techniques were employed for synthesis of cDNA and determination of interleukins, respectively, using standard protocols. Early diagnosis of asthma is still a challenge to meet. RESULTS The statistical analysis of the data reflected a positive correlation between each of the interleukins (IL-17A and IL17F) and IgE (p = 0.001 and r = 0.41), (p = 0.004 and r = 0.077). The results indicated the upregulation of expression of IL17A and IL17F genes in the patients suffering from asthma. CONCLUSIONS This study has indicated that the blood levels of IL-17A and IL17F could be utilized as viable clinical markers for early diagnosis, timely treatment, and proper management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Pandey
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Cui YF, Yu L, Wang FJ, Shen XL, Yang GB. Molecular cloning, expression and biological activity of rhesus macaque interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:196-206. [PMID: 31377676 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interleukin-17F (IL-17F) as two potent proinflammatory cytokines and the signature cytokines of Th17 cells play important roles in human autoimmune diseases, inflammation and host defenses. In this study, rhesus macaque IL-17A (rhIL-17A) and IL-17F (rhIL-17F) were cloned and expressed, and their biological activities and in vivo distribution were examined. The resulting data showed that both the rhIL-17A and rhIL-17F genes were consisted of three exons and two introns. RhIL-17A and rhIL-17F shared 96.8% and 93.9% amino acid sequence identity with human IL-17A (huIL-17A) and IL-17F (huIL-17F) respectively and the sequences also shared one N-glycosylation site and six conserved cysteine residues with huIL-17A and huIL-17F. IL-17A and IL-17F transcripts were highly expressed in lymphoid tissues and the intestinal tract of rhesus macaques. Functionally, recombinant rhIL-17A and rhIL-17F showed similar effect on Act1 levels and NF-κB phosphorylation compared with that of commercial human IL-17A and IL-17F. Moreover, the antibacterial proteins (such as β-defensin 2, S100A8, S100A9, RegIIIα and Muc1) and the tight junction associated genes (including CLDN1, CLDN4, OCLN, and ZO1) expressed by Caco-2 cells were largely enhanced after treatment with rhIL-17A and rhIL-17F. Meanwhile, purified rhIL-17A and rhIL-17F could also induce the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α by THP-1 cells. These data indicated that rhesus macaque IL-17A and IL-17F are highly similar to that of humans in both structure and function. Studies on rhIL-17A/rhIL-17F are promising approach to contribute to the understanding of human IL-17A and IL-17F-related intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Cui
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China-CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lei Yu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China-CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Feng-Jie Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China-CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiu-Li Shen
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China-CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Gui-Bo Yang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China-CDC, Beijing 102206, PR China.
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19
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Ayakannu R, Abdullah NA, Radhakrishnan AK, Lechimi Raj V, Liam CK. Relationship between various cytokines implicated in asthma. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:755-763. [PMID: 31054782 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disorder involving immunologic, environmental, genetic and other factors. Today, asthma is the most common disease encountered in clinical medicine in both children and adults worldwide. Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree resulting in chronic swelling and inflammation of the airways recognized to be controlled by the T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines to increase the production of IgE by B cells. There are many cytokines implicated in the development of the chronic inflammatory processes that are often observed in asthma. Ultimately, these cytokines cause the release of mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes (LT), which in turn promote airway remodeling, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and bronchoconstriction. The CD4+ T-lymphocytes from the airways of asthmatics express a panel of cytokines that represent the Th2 cells. The knowledge derived from numerous experimental and clinical studies have allowed physicians and scientists to understand the normal functions of these cytokines and their roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. The main focus of this review is to accentuate the relationship between various cytokines implicated in human asthma. However, some key findings from animal models will be highlighted to support the discoveries from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathimalar Ayakannu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vijaya Lechimi Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C K Liam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Chen R, Zhang Q, Chen S, Tang H, Huang P, Wei S, Liang Z, Chen X, Tao A, Yao L. IL-17F, rather than IL-17A, underlies airway inflammation in a steroid-insensitive toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma model. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01510-2018. [PMID: 30655284 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01510-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Steroid insensitivity constitutes a major problem for asthma management. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is one of the leading allergens of asthma that induces both T-helper Th2 and Th17 responses, and is often associated with poor responsiveness to steroid treatment in the clinic.We sought to evaluate the effects of inhaled and systemic steroids on a TDI-induced asthma model and to find how interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F function in this model. BALB/c mice were exposed to TDI for generating an asthma model and were treated with inhaled fluticasone propionate, systemic prednisone, anti-IL-17A, anti-IL-17F, recombinant IL-17A or IL-17F.Both fluticasone propionate and prednisone showed no effects on TDI-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), bronchial neutrophilia and eosinophilia, and epithelial goblet cell metaplasia. TDI-induced Th2 and Th17 signatures were not suppressed by fluticasone propionate or prednisone. Treatment with anti-IL-17A after TDI exposure led to increased AHR, aggravated mucus production and airway eosinophil recruitment, accompanied by amplified Th2 responses, whereas anti-IL-17F ameliorated TDI-induced AHR and airway neutrophilia, with decreased Th17 responses. Recombinant IL-17A and IL-17F showed opposite effects to the monoclonal antibodies.IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during airway inflammation of a TDI-induced asthma model, which is unresponsive to both inhaled and systemic steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Peikai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shushan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ailin Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Khatoon J, Prasad KN, Rai RP, Shukla SK, Krishnani N, Ghoshal UC. Expression levels of A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs), and Th17-related cytokines and their association with Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastroduodenal diseases. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5145580. [PMID: 30371773 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression levels of A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) (10 and 17) and Th17-related cytokines [interleukin (IL) 17A, IL-17F, IL-33, IL-23, IL-23R] were investigated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction in gastric biopsies of patients with different gastroduodenal pathologies in the presence and absence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Patients with gastric cancer (GC) (n = 70, intestinal-type 38 and diffuse type 32), peptic ulcer disease [n = 50, duodenal ulcer (DU) 16 and gastric ulcer (GU) 34] and functional dyspepsia (n = 120) were included in the study. Further, the expression levels of ADAMs and Th17 cytokines were correlated with H. pylori cytotoxin-associated genes pathogenicity island (cagPAI) status. Expression levels of ADAMs (10 and 17) and Th17-related cytokines (IL-17A, IL-23, IL-23R) were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive than in H. pylori-negative gastric biopsies. Significant increase in ADAM17 and Th17 cytokines (IL-17A and IL-23) expressions was observed in patients with GU and intestinal-type GC in the presence of H. pylori infection and in strains harbouring intact cagPAI. Expression levels of IL-17A, IL-23 and ADAM17 were strongly correlated with GU and intestinal-type GC and weakly with DU and diffuse-type GC in the presence of H. pylori infection. Higher expression levels of ADAM17 and Th17 cytokines (IL-17A and IL-23), and their strong correlation with GU and intestinal-type GC patients in the presence of H. pylori and its intact cagPAI status, suggest a possible role of strain specificity in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanarah Khatoon
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.) 226014, India
| | - Kashi Nath Prasad
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.) 226014, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.) 226014, India
| | - Sanket Kumar Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA-19107 USA
| | - Narendra Krishnani
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.) 226014, India
| | - Uday Chand Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.) 226014, India
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22
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Quan-San Z, Xiaohong X, Ying L, Zhaojia S. Role of Th17-cell related cytokines in geriatric asthma. J Int Med Res 2018; 47:580-590. [PMID: 30304965 PMCID: PMC6381488 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518803828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of geriatric asthma through immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-17F, and glucocorticoid receptor-β (GR-β) expression. METHODS We studied 51 geriatric male patients with asthma and 50 young male patients with asthma. We also included 21 normal geriatric males and 21 normal young males. All geriatric and young patients were divided into groups according to pulmonary function. Levels of cytokines, such as IgE, IL-17A, IL-17F, and GR-β, were measured. Pulmonary function was assessed. The results from patients were compared with those from the 42 healthy subjects. RESULTS Serum IgE, IL-17A, IL-17F, and GR-β levels in geriatric patients with moderate or severe asthma were significantly higher than those in young patients with moderate asthma and in the normal population. Geriatric patients with asthma had higher asthma control test scores than did young patients with asthma. CONCLUSION Hormone resistance in geriatric male patients with asthma is more serious than that in young male patients with asthma. Airway inflammation and airway remodeling in geriatric male patients with asthma may be more serious than those in young male patients with asthma, even when there is similar pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Quan-San
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group Emergency Department, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Xiaohong
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group Emergency Department, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Ying
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group Emergency Department, Qingdao, China
| | - Sun Zhaojia
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group Emergency Department, Qingdao, China
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23
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Suppression of IL-17F, but not of IL-17A, provides protection against colitis by inducing T reg cells through modification of the intestinal microbiota. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:755-765. [PMID: 29915298 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F have 50% amino-acid identity and bind the same receptor; however, their functional differences have remained obscure. Here we found that Il17f-/- mice resisted chemically induced colitis, but Il17a-/- mice did not, and that Il17f-/- CD45RBhiCD4+ T cells induced milder colitis in lymphocyte-deficient Rag2-/- mice, accompanied by an increase in intestinal regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Clostridium cluster XIVa in colonic microbiota capable of inducing Treg cells was increased in both Il17f-/- mice and mice given transfer Il17f-/- T cells, due to decreased expression of a group of antimicrobial proteins. There was substantial production of IL-17F, but not of IL-17A, not only by naive T cells but also by various colon-resident cells under physiological conditions. Furthermore, antibody to IL-17F suppressed the development of colitis, but antibody to IL-17A did not. These observations suggest that IL-17F is an effective target for the treatment of colitis.
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24
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Nakajima M, Kawaguchi M, Matsuyama M, Ota K, Fujita J, Matsukura S, Huang SK, Morishima Y, Ishii Y, Satoh H, Sakamoto T, Hizawa N. Transcription Elongation Factor P-TEFb Is Involved in IL-17F Signaling in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 176:83-90. [PMID: 29649811 DOI: 10.1159/000488154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17F is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including asthma and COPD. However, the effects of steroids on the function of IL-17F signaling mechanisms are largely unknown. One of the transcription elongation factors, positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) composed of cyclin T1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), is known as a novel checkpoint regulator of gene expression via bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4). METHODS Human airway smooth muscle cells were stimulated with IL-17F and the expression of IL-8 was evaluated by real-time PCR and ELISA. Next, the phosphorylation of CDK9 was determined by Western blotting. The CDK9 inhibitor and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting Brd4, cyclin T1, and CDK9 were used to identify the effect on IL-17F-induced IL-8 expression. Finally, the effect of steroids and its signaling were evaluated. RESULTS IL-17F markedly induced the transcription of the IL-8 gene and the expression of the protein. Pretreatment of CDK9 inhibitor and transfection of siRNAs targeting CDK9 markedly abrogated IL-17F-induced IL-8 production. Transfection of siRNAs targeting Brd4 and cyclin T1 diminished IL-17F-induced phosphorylation of CDK9 and IL-8 production. Moreover, budesonide decreased CDK9 phosphorylation and markedly inhibited IL-17F-induced IL-8 production. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that P-TEFb is involved in IL-17F-induced IL-8 expression and that steroids diminish it via the inhibition of CDK9 phosphorylation. IL-17F and P-TEFb might be novel therapeutic targets for airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakajima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mio Kawaguchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsukura
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Johns Hopkins University, Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Yuko Morishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Sakamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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IL-17 inhibition: is it the long-awaited savior for alopecia areata? Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:383-390. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lai BT, Wilson JA, Malette Loredo J, Pitram SM, LaBerge NA, Heath JR, Agnew HD. Epitope-Targeted Macrocyclic Peptide Ligand with Picomolar Cooperative Binding to Interleukin-17F. Chemistry 2018; 24:3760-3767. [PMID: 29319889 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The IL-17 cytokine family is associated with multiple immune and autoimmune diseases and comprises important diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This work reports the development of epitope-targeted ligands designed for differential detection of human IL-17F and its closest homologue IL-17A. Non-overlapping and unique epitopes on IL-17F and IL-17A were identified by comparative sequence analysis of the two proteins. Synthetic variants of these epitopes were utilized as targets for in situ click screens against a comprehensive library of synthetic peptide macrocycles with 5-mer variable regions. Single generation screens yielded selective binders for IL-17F and IL-17A with low cross-reactivity. Macrocyclic peptide binders against two distinct IL-17F epitopes were coupled using variable length chemical linkers to explore the physical chemistry of cooperative binding. The optimized linker length yielded a picomolar affinity binder, while retaining high selectivity. The presented method provides a rational approach towards targeting discontinuous epitopes, similar to what is naturally achieved by many B cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert T Lai
- Indi Molecular, Inc., 6162 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
| | - Jeré A Wilson
- Indi Molecular, Inc., 6162 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
| | | | - Suresh M Pitram
- Indi Molecular, Inc., 6162 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
| | - Nicole A LaBerge
- Indi Molecular, Inc., 6162 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
| | - James R Heath
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Heather D Agnew
- Indi Molecular, Inc., 6162 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, 90230, USA
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Miljkovic D, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps Is Characterized by Increased Mucosal and Blood Th17 Effector Cytokine Producing Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:898. [PMID: 29311948 PMCID: PMC5742278 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have implied a role for Th17 cells in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. However, the capacity of these cells to produce Th17 cytokines is still unknown. Here we sought to quantify IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 cytokines produced by Th17 cells in mucosal tissue and peripheral blood of CRSwNP, CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and control patients. Methods: Samples were prospectively collected from CRS patients and non-CRS controls. We used flow cytometry to characterize the Th17 cells and their cytokines in sinonasal tissue and peripheral blood. Results: A total of 36 patients were recruited to the study. CRSwNP patients had significantly more tissue IL-17A (9.53 ± 2.71 vs. 1.11 ± 0.43 vs. 0.77 ± 0.07), IL-17F (4.96 ± 1.48 vs. 0.88 ± 0.31 vs. 0.56 ± 0.04), IL-21 (5.55 ± 2.01 vs. 1.60 ± 0.71 vs. 1.53 ± 0.55) and IL-22 (4.73 ± 1.58 vs. 0.70 ± 0.28 vs. 0.88 ± 0.26) producing Th17 cells compared to CRSsNP and control mucosa per mg of tissue, respectively. Allergic CRSwNP patients had decreased numbers of IL-21 producing Th17 cells compared to non-Allergic CRSwNP. (1.69 ± 0.57 vs. 9.41 ± 3.23) per mg of tissue, respectively (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.05). Conclusion: In summary our study identified increased numbers of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22 positive Th17 cells in CRSwNP patient polyps and peripheral blood suggesting an altered activation state of those cells both locally and systemically. Atopic CRSwNP had decreased amounts of tissue Th17 cell derived IL-21 implying a potential protective role for IL-21 in CRSwNP allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Miljkovic
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alkis J Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Gupta RK, Gupta K, Dwivedi PD. Pathophysiology of IL-33 and IL-17 in allergic disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:22-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pharmacogenetic biomarkers of response in Crohn’s disease. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hassani E, Bagheri M, Rad IA, Mohebbi I. Association between SNPs at IL-17A and IL-17F and susceptibility to accelerated silicosis. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:673-680. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233717695431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin (IL)-17 gene and silicosis has been evaluated in different populations. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between SNPs at IL-17A (−832A/G) and IL-17F (+7488A/G) and susceptibility to accelerated silicosis in the Iranian Kurdish population. We studied 48 patients with accelerated silicosis and 62 controls. Genomic DNA was isolated using the “salting out” method. PCR-RFLP was performed for all SNPs typing. The frequencies of A/A, A/G, and G/G genotypes at IL-17A (−832A/G) were 4 (8.33%), 23 (47.92%), and 21 (43.75%) in patients and 5 (8.06%), 35 (56.45%), and 22 (35.48%) in controls, respectively. The frequencies of A and G alleles at IL-17 (−832A/G) were 31 (32.29%) and 65 (67.71%) in patients, and 45 (36.29%) and 79 (63.71%) in the controls, respectively. The frequencies of A/A, A/G, and G/G genotypes at IL-17F (+7488A/G) were 1 (2.08%), 47 (97.92%), and 0 (0%) in patients, and 11 (17.74%), 51 (82.26%), and 0 (0%) in the controls, respectively. The frequencies of A and G alleles at IL-17F (+7488A/G) were 49 (51.04%) and 47 (48.96%) in patients, and 73 (58.87%) and 51 (41.13%) in the controls, respectively. IL-17F (+7488A/G) genotype was more frequent among the cases compared with controls (97.92% vs. 82.26%). The frequency of the IL-17F (+7488A/G) genotype was significantly greater in patients with accelerated silicosis (odds ratio = 10.13 95%; confidence interval = 1.2–81.5; p = 0.008). The IL-17F (+7488A/G) genotype revealed a significantly increased risk of accelerated silicosis ( p < 0.05). The IL-17F (+7488 G) allele was associated with an increased risk of accelerated silicosis, but in the case of the IL-17A (−832A/G) polymorphism, a significant association was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Hassani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Genetics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Isa Abdi Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Genetics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Iraj Mohebbi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Rolfes MC, Juhn YJ, Wi CI, Sheen YH. Asthma and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Insight into the Heterogeneity and Phenotypes of Asthma. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2017; 80:113-135. [PMID: 28416952 PMCID: PMC5392483 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.80.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is traditionally regarded as a chronic airway disease, and recent literature proves its heterogeneity, based on distinctive clusters or phenotypes of asthma. In defining such asthma clusters, the nature of comorbidity among patients with asthma is poorly understood, by assuming no causal relationship between asthma and other comorbid conditions, including both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that the status of asthma significantly affects the increased susceptibility of the patient to both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Specifically, the impact of asthma on susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases such as chronic systemic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), may provide an important insight into asthma as a disease with systemic inflammatory features, a conceptual understanding between asthma and asthma-related comorbidity, and the potential implications on the therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients with asthma. This review discusses the currently under-recognized clinical and immunological phenotypes of asthma; specifically, a higher risk of developing a systemic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and their implications, on the conceptual understanding and management of asthma. Our discussion is divided into three parts: literature summary on the relationship between asthma and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis; potential mechanisms underlying the association; and implications on asthma management and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Jun Juhn
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine/Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chung-Il Wi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Youn Ho Sheen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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Numasaki M, Tsukamoto H, Tomioka Y, Nishioka Y, Ohrui T. A Heterodimeric Cytokine, Consisting of IL-17A and IL-17F, Promotes Migration and Capillary-Like Tube Formation of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 240:47-56. [PMID: 27594509 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-17 family, consisting of six homodimeric cytokines IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, and IL-17F, mediates a variety of biological activities including regulation of chemokine secretion and angiogenesis. Among the IL-17 family members, IL-17A and IL-17E/IL-25 are angiogenesis stimulators, while IL-17B and IL-17F are angiogenesis inhibitors. Recently, IL-17A/F heterodimer, comprised of the IL-17A and IL-17F subunits, was found as another member of the IL-17 cytokine family. However, to date, it has been unknown whether IL-17A/F has biological actions to affect the angiogenesis-related vascular endothelial functions. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the biological effects of IL-17A/F on the growth, migration and capillary-like tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. Recombinant IL-17A/F protein had no direct effects on the growth of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), whereas, after 4-hour incubation in a modified Boyden Chemotaxicell chamber, IL-17A/F significantly induced migration of HMVECs over a wide range of doses via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. We further investigated the biological effect of IL-17A/F on capillary-like tube formation using a co-culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), which mimicked the in vivo microenvironment. In this co-culture system, IL-17A/F significantly promoted capillary-like endothelial tube formation in a dose-dependent fashion via the PI3K and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Additionally, IL-17A/F up-regulated secretion of angiogenic growth factors such as IL-8 and growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α by HDFs. These findings identify a novel biological function for IL-17A/F as an indirect angiogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneo Numasaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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Ren W, Wu Z, Ma R, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wu L, Liu S, Wang Z. Polymorphisms in the IL-17 Gene (rs2275913 and rs763780) Are Associated with Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Han Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:286-291. [PMID: 28277785 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Interleukin-17 (IL-17) can accelerate the release of many pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of our study was to investigate the potential association between polymorphisms in the IL-17 gene and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the Han Chinese population. METHODS We recruited 596 HBV-infected patients and 612 ethnically matched controls, who were then genotyped for the IL-17A and IL-17F polymorphisms, rs2275913 and rs763780, respectively, by using TaqMan probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction. The frequencies of the alleles and genotypes in patients and controls were compared by the χ2 test. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies were revealed at both polymorphic sites between HBV-positive patients and controls (rs2275913: genotype χ2 = 37.74, p < 0.001 and allele χ2 = 22.17, p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 0.654, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.548-0.781. rs763780: genotype χ2 = 19.80, p < 0.001 and allele χ2 = 18.78, p < 0.001, OR = 0.507, 95% CI = 0.371-0.692). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms are associated with HBV infection in the Han Chinese population. We conclude that possession of the GG genotype and the G allele at rs2275913, and the TT genotype and the T allele at rs763780 might increase the risk of HBV infection. Larger-scale, multiracial studies are necessary to evaluate the role of IL-17 polymorphisms in relation to an enhanced risk of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Zehua Wu
- 2 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Ruixin Ma
- 3 Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- 4 Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Liqun Wu
- 2 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- 5 Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Zusen Wang
- 2 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
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Nakajima M, Kawaguchi M, Ota K, Fujita J, Matsukura S, Huang SK, Morishima Y, Ishii Y, Satoh H, Sakamoto T, Hizawa N. IL-17F induces IL-6 via TAK1-NFκB pathway in airway smooth muscle cells. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 5:124-131. [PMID: 28474507 PMCID: PMC5418132 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin (IL)‐17F plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of asthma. However, the precise role of IL‐17F in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and its regulatory mechanisms remain to be defined. Therefore, we sought to investigate the expression of IL‐6 by IL‐17F and the involvement of transforming growth factor β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB by in ASMCs. Methods ASMCs were cultured in the presence or absence of IL‐17F. The expression of IL‐6 gene and protein was analyzed using real‐time PCR and ELISA, and the activation of TAK1 and NF‐κB was detected by Western blotting. The effect of TAK1 inhibitor 5Z‐7‐oxozeaenol and NF‐κB inhibitor BAY 11‐7082 on the expression of IL‐6 was investigated. Finally, the short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting TAK1 and a subunit of NF‐κB, p65 were transfected into ASMCs. Results The expression of IL‐6 gene and protein was significantly induced by IL‐17F. IL‐17F activated TAK1 and NF‐κB in ASMCs. Transfection of siRNAs targeting TAK1 abolished IL‐17F‐induced phosphorylation of p65. Both 5Z‐7‐oxozeaenol and BAY 11‐7082 significantly inhibited IL‐17F‐induced IL‐6 production in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, transfection of the cells with siRNAs targeting TAK1 and p65 inhibited the expression of IL‐6. Conclusions Collectively, these results provided evidence supporting the potential importance of the Th17‐ASMCs crosstalk via the IL‐17F‐IL‐6 axis in airway inflammation and as a candidate pharmacological target for airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakajima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mio Kawaguchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsukura
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuko Morishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Sakamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Increased Interleukin-17F is Associated with Elevated Autoantibody Levels and More Clinically Relevant Than Interleukin-17A in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:4768408. [PMID: 28210632 PMCID: PMC5292172 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4768408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 related immune response is pathogenic in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, the role of IL-17F, one potent inflammatory member of IL-17 family cytokines in pSS, has not been specifically defined. We recruited one hundred and nine pSS patients and forty-two healthy controls and their serum levels of IL-17A and IL-17F were determined by multiplex cytokine assays. White blood cell, red blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, IgM, IgG, C3, C4, RF, ANA, anti-SSA antibody, and anti-SSB antibody were measured by standard laboratory techniques. EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) score was also evaluated accordingly. We found that IL-17F was significantly increased in pSS patients. Elevated levels of IL-17F were associated with increased IgG and IgM, higher titers of ANA and anti-SSA antibodies, and reduction of C3 and C4. Patients with higher disease activity also showed higher serum IL-17F levels. However, serum IL-17A was only increased in patients with longer disease duration and showed few correlation with clinical and laboratory features in pSS patients. In conclusion, IL-17F was correlated with increased autoantibody levels and disease activity in pSS and is more clinically relevant than IL-17A.
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Ming M, Li C, Luo Z, Lv S, Sun Q. The effect of inhaled inactived Mycobacterium phlei as a treatment for asthma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:777-783. [PMID: 28035388 PMCID: PMC5364862 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disorder characterized by airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). A murine model of asthma was used to examine the antiasthmatic effect of inhaled inactived Mycobacterium phlei (M. phlei). AHR, neutrophil levels, eosinophil levels and levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) were monitored. The results demonstrated that inactivated M. phlei alleviates the IL-17+γδT cell-mediated immune response and attenuates airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in the asthmatic murine lung, partially through inhibiting the expression of IL-23R. In conclusion, inactivated M. phlei may be an effective antiasthmatic treatment, regulating IL-17-producing γδT (IL-17+γδT) cell-mediated airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to relieve the symptoms of mice with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyu Ming
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqian Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhixi Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shengqiu Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Ricciardolo FLM, Sorbello V, Folino A, Gallo F, Massaglia GM, Favatà G, Conticello S, Vallese D, Gani F, Malerba M, Folkerts G, Rolla G, Profita M, Mauad T, Di Stefano A, Ciprandi G. Identification of IL-17F/frequent exacerbator endotype in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 140:395-406. [PMID: 27931975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma might be associated with overexpression of Th17 cytokines, which induce neutrophil recruitment via neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines in airways. OBJECTIVE To study IL-17-related cytokines in nasal/bronchial biopsies from controls and mild asthmatics (MAs) to severe asthmatics (SAs) in relation to exacerbation rate. METHODS Inflammatory cells and IL-17A+, IL-17F+, IL-21+, IL-22+, and IL-23+ cells were examined by immunohistochemistry in cryostat sections of bronchial/nasal biopsies obtained from 33 SAs (21 frequent exacerbators [FEs]), 31 MAs (3 FEs), and 14 controls. IL-17F protein was also measured by ELISA in bronchial/nasal lysates and by immunohistochemistry in bronchial tissue obtained from subjects who died because of fatal asthma. Immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy was used for IL-17F colocalization. RESULTS Higher number (P < .05) of neutrophils, IL-17A+, IL-17F+, and IL-21+ cells in bronchial biopsies and higher numbers (P < .01) of IL-17F+ and IL-21+ cells in nasal biopsies were observed in SAs compared with MAs. Bronchial IL-17F+ cells correlated with bronchial neutrophils (r = 0.54), exacerbation rate (r = 0.41), and FEV1 (r = -0.46). Nasal IL-17F+ cells correlated with bronchial IL-17F (r = 0.35), exacerbation rate (r = 0.47), and FEV1 (r = -0.61). FEs showed increased number of bronchial neutrophils/eosinophils/CD4+/CD8+ cells and bronchial/nasal IL-17F+ cells. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis evidenced predictive cutoff values of bronchial neutrophils and nasal/bronchial IL-17F for discriminating between asthmatics and controls, between MAs and SAs and between FEs and non-FEs. IL-17F protein increased in bronchial/nasal lysates of SAs and FEs and in bronchial tissue of fatal asthma. IL-17F colocalized in CD4+/CD8+ cells. CONCLUSIONS IL-17-related cytokines expression was amplified in bronchial/nasal mucosa of neutrophilic asthma prone to exacerbation, suggesting a pathogenic role of IL-17F in FEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Valentina Sorbello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Folino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Gallo
- Health Science Department, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Favatà
- Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat, AOU San Luigi Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Davide Vallese
- Pulmonary Division, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Gani
- Division of Respiratory Disease, AOU San Luigi Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Malerba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Rolla
- Allergologia ed Immunologia Clinica, Ospedale Ordine Mauriziano "Umberto I," University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Italian National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Pulmonary Division, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Novara, Italy
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Gene polymorphisms as predictors of response to biological therapies in psoriasis patients. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Atwa MA, Youssef N, Bayoumy NM. T-helper 17 cytokines (interleukins 17, 21, 22, and 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in patients with alopecia areata: association with clinical type and severity. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:666-72. [PMID: 26235375 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell infiltrates and cytokine production. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to assess the association of Th17 with AA. We examined interleukin (IL)-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the serum of patients with AA and studied their association with clinical type and severity of AA. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured in 47 patients with AA and 40 healthy controls. The clinical type of AA was determined, and the severity of hair loss was assessed in accordance with the Alopecia Areata Investigational Assessment Guideline criteria. RESULTS The serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher in patients with AA as compared with healthy controls (mean: IL-17 33.23 ± 11.58 vs. 4.62 ± 1.88 pg/ml; P = 0.000, IL-21 62.10 ± 6.11 vs. 48.38 ± 3.31 pg/ml; P = 0.000, IL-22 19.27 ± 3.36 vs. 7.09 ± 1.62 pg/ml; P = 0.000, IL-6 17.18 ± 3.08 vs. 4.59 ± 1.66 pg/ml; P = 0.000, TNF-α 19.94 ± 3.59 vs. 9.95 ± 2.42 pg/ml; P = 0.000, respectively). There were significant positive correlations between serum IL-17, TNF-α, and disease severity. There was also significant positive correlation between serum IL-22 and duration of AA. CONCLUSION Our results showed high serum levels of Th17 cytokines among patients with AA that may suggest a functional role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of this important skin disease. It could also provide the rationale for new treatment strategies in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Atwa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nahed Youssef
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nervana M Bayoumy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang J, Liu Y, Xie L, Li S, Qin X. Association of IL-17A and IL-17F gene polymorphisms with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis in a Chinese population: A case-control study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:288-296. [PMID: 26546176 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-17 has been shown to play an important role in tissue inflammation and in the pathogenesis of immune-related liver damage. Genetic variations in IL-17 gene may be associated with the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, literature is scanty regarding their association. METHODS We conducted a case-control study including 433 subjects (171 healthy controls, 130 patients with chronic hepatitis B [CHB]; and 132 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis [HBV-LC] to assess the association between IL-17A rs4711998, IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms and risk of CHB and HBV-LC. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Our results revealed a statistically significant association between IL-17A rs4711998 G allele and increased risk of HBV-LC risk (OR=1.541, 95% CI 1.057-2.246, P=0.025). Subjects carrying the IL-17A rs4711998 AG genotype were 1.75 times more likely to develop HBV-LC (OR=1.757, 95% CI 1.096-2.817, P=0.026). Stratification analysis indicated that IL-17A rs4711998 G allele and AG genotype enhanced the risk of HBV-LC development among men and older age (≥50years) subject groups. In addition, we found that GCT haplotype also might be a risk factor for HBV-LC (OR=2.448, 95% CI 1.137-5.271, P=0.019). Furthermore, no significant association between IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms and CHB, HBV-LC risk was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Our data provide the first evidence that the IL-17A rs4711998 genetic variant may contribute to HBV-LC susceptibility in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanqiong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Jin Y, Deng Z, Cao C, Li L. IL-17 polymorphisms and asthma risk: a meta-analysis of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms. J Asthma 2015; 52:981-8. [PMID: 26300019 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1044251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been significant interest in the association between asthma and the polymorphisms of IL-17A and IL-17F for a period of time. This work aims to present a clearer relationship between asthma and the polymorphisms of IL-17A and IL-17F. METHOD Searches were performed in Medline, EMBASE, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationship between polymorphisms of IL-17A and IL-17F and asthma. RESULTS Nine studies comprising 3650 asthmatics and 3370 controls were included in this meta-analysis for all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (2-6 per SNP). Our study examined the polymorphisms of IL-17F rs1889570 (C/T) (CC versus TT: OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.41-0.75; CT versus TT: OR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.40-0.72; CC/CT versus TT: OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.42-0.72; CC versus CT/TT, OR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.39-2.41), IL-17A rs4711998(A/G) (AA/AG versus GG: OR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.46-0.98), and IL-17A rs3819024(A/G) (AA versus GG: OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.39-2.25) and found they were significantly related to the risk of asthma. CONCLUSION Our systematic review showed that IL-17F rs1889570(C/T), IL-17A rs4711998(A/G) and IL-17A rs3819024(A/G) may be potential risk factors for asthma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- a Department of Respiratory Disease , Taizhou Municipal Hospital , Taizhou , China and
| | - Zaichun Deng
- b Department of Respiratory Medicine , Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Chao Cao
- b Department of Respiratory Medicine , Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Longxiang Li
- a Department of Respiratory Disease , Taizhou Municipal Hospital , Taizhou , China and
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Lendermon EA, Dodd-o JM, Coon TA, Miller HL, Ganguly S, Popescu I, O'Donnell CP, Cardenes N, Levine M, Rojas M, Weathington NM, Zhao J, Zhao Y, McDyer JF. CD8(+)IL-17(+) T Cells Mediate Neutrophilic Airway Obliteration in T-bet-Deficient Mouse Lung Allograft Recipients. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:622-33. [PMID: 25286244 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0059oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection is a known risk factor for the development of obliterative bronchiolitis, which limits the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients. However, the T cell effector mechanisms in both of these processes remain incompletely understood. Using the mouse orthotopic lung transplant model, we investigated whether C57BL/6 T-bet(-/-) recipients of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched BALB/c lung grafts develop rejection pathology and allospecific cytokine responses that differ from wild-type mice. T-bet(-/-) recipients demonstrated vigorous allograft rejection at 10 days, characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and predominantly CD8(+) T cells producing allospecific IL-17 and/or IFN-γ, in contrast to IFN-γ-dominant responses in WT mice. CD4(+) T cells produced IL-17 but not IFN-γ responses in T-bet(-/-) recipients, in contrast to WT controls. Costimulation blockade using anti-CD154 Ab significantly reduced allospecific CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) responses in both T-bet(-/-) and WT mice but had no attenuating effect on lung rejection pathology in T-bet(-/-) recipients or on the development of obliterative airway inflammation that occurred only in T-bet(-/-) recipients. However, neutralization of IL-17A significantly attenuated costimulation blockade-resistant rejection pathology and airway inflammation in T-bet(-/-) recipients. In addition, CXCL1 (neutrophil chemokine) was increased in T-bet(-/-) allografts, and IL-17 induced CXCL1 from mouse lung epithelial cells in vitro. Taken together, our data show that T-bet-deficient recipients of complete MHC-mismatched lung allografts develop costimulation blockade-resistant rejection characterized by neutrophilia and obliterative airway inflammation that is predominantly mediated by CD8(+)IL-17(+) T cells. Our data support T-bet-deficient mouse recipients of lung allografts as a viable animal model to study the immunopathogenesis of small airway injury in lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lendermon
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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Du L, Feng S, Yin L, Wang X, Zhang A, Yang K, Zhou H. Identification and functional characterization of grass carp IL-17A/F1: An evaluation of the immunoregulatory role of teleost IL-17A/F1. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 51:202-211. [PMID: 25847875 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, IL-17A and IL-17F are hallmark cytokines of Th17 cells which act significant roles in eradicating extracellular pathogens. IL-17A and IL-17F homologs nominated as IL-17A/F1-3 have been revealed in fish and their functions remain largely undefined. Here we identified and characterized grass carp IL-17A/F1 (gcIL-17A/F1) in fish immune system. In this regard, both tissue distribution and inductive expression of gcIL-17A/F1 indicated its possible involvement in immune response. Moreover, recombinant gcIL-17A/F1 (rgcIL-17A/F1) was prepared and displayed an ability to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) mRNA expression in head kidney leukocytes. It is suggestive of that gcIL-17A/F1 may act as a proinflammatory cytokine in fish immunity. Besides, rgcIL-17A/F1 induced gene expression and protein release of grass carp chemokine CXCL-8 (gcCXCL-8) in head kidney cells (HKCs), probably via NF-κB, p38 and Erk1/2 pathways. In particular, culture medium from the HKCs treated by rgcIL-17A/F1 could stimulate peripheral blood leukocytes migration and immunoneutralization of endogenous gcCXCL-8 could partially attenuate this stimulation, suggesting that rgcIL-17A/F1 could recruit immune cells through producing gcCXCL-8 as mammalian IL-17 A and F. Taken together, we not only identified the pro-inflammatory role of gcIL-17A/F1 in host defense, but also provided the basis for clarifying Th17 cells in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyong Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Licheng Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Raeiszadeh Jahromi S, Mahesh PA, Jayaraj BS, Holla AD, Vishweswaraiah S, Ramachandra NB. IL-10 and IL-17F Promoter Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Asthma: A Case-Control Study in South India. Lung 2015; 193:739-47. [PMID: 26108303 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have assessed the association between IL-17F and IL-10 promoter polymorphisms and asthma, but the results were conflicting. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated the association of cytokine polymorphisms with asthma and its clinical phenotypes. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the association of IL-10 (interleukin 10) and IL-17F (interleukin 17F) promoter polymorphisms (rs1800871, rs1800896 and rs1889570) with asthma and its clinical phenotypes including severity, atopic status, spirometric parameters, and response to treatment in south Indian population. A sub-study was conducted to assess cytokine levels in subjects with different gene variants. METHODS IL-10 and IL-17F polymorphisms were genotyped in 419 asthmatic patients and 393 controls using Mass ARRAY. RESULTS Our results showed an association between IL-10 SNPs and mild asthma. No association was found with any of three SNPs in moderate to severe asthma. Comparison of genotype distribution of IL-17F rs1887570 AA variant among atopic and non-atopic patients showed significant difference (p = 0.024). Correlation analysis of IL-10 and IL-17F SNPs to clinical variables showed a positive correlation between IL-17F rs1887570 AA and number of allergen sensitized (rs = 0.142, p = 0.004). Significant improvement in lung function was observed after 2 months of ICS (Inhaled corticosteroids) and LABA (long acting β2 agonist) treatment in all subjects with no statistically significant difference among SNPs variants. Cytokines levels were similar in different SNP variants. CONCLUSION We observed an association between IL-10 rs1800871 and rs1800896 SNPs and mild asthma, as well as IL-17F rs1887570 AA variant and number of allergens sensitized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Raeiszadeh Jahromi
- Genetics and Genomics Lab, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - P A Mahesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, J.S.S. Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Jayaraj
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, J.S.S. Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Genetics and Genomics Lab, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nallur B Ramachandra
- Genetics and Genomics Lab, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
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Park YA, Kim YH, Sol IS, Yoon SH, Hong JY, Kim MN, Lee KE, Kim KW, Kim KE, Sohn MH. Relationship Between Serum Interleukin-17F Level and Severity of Atopic Dermatitis in Children. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2015; 28:112-116. [PMID: 26155368 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2014.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent discovery of the Th17 pathway is providing new opportunities for understanding chronic immune-mediated diseases. The Th17 pathway has been historically associated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Among Th17 cytokines, pathogenic roles of IL-17A and IL-17F in asthma have been well described. Recently, the number of peripheral blood Th17 cells was found to correlate with disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). This study aimed to investigate serum IL-17F levels in children with AD and to correlate this with severity of the disease. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure IL-17F levels in the sera of 228 patients with AD and 62 control children. The SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) tool was used to determine the severity of disease. Results: The mean serum level of IL-17F in children with AD was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05) Serum IL-17F levels were also higher in patients with severe AD than in those with mild AD (p<0.001), and IL-17F levels and SCORAD scores were positively correlated (p<0.05). Conclusions: Serum IL-17F level might be a useful marker in children with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young A Park
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Suk Sol
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hee Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Hong
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Earn Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Molecular cloning, characterization and mRNA expression of duck interleukin-17F. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 164:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Serum IL-17F combined with VEGF as potential diagnostic biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:2523-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Chen L, Guo S, Wu L, Hao C, Xu W, Zhang J. Effects of recombinant IL-17F intranasal inoculation againstStreptococcus pneumoniaeinfection in a murine model. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:393-400. [PMID: 25196250 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics; Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Pediatrics; Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
| | - Liangxia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics; Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Hao
- Department of Pediatrics; Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Xu
- Department of Pediatrics; Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics; Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
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Interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F gene polymorphisms and hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a Chinese population. Med Oncol 2014; 32:355. [PMID: 25429834 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F are inflammatory cytokines, which play a critical function in inflammation. Genetic variations in the IL-17A and IL-17F genes may be associated with a risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a typical inflammation-related cancer. However, their relationship with HBV-related HCC has not been thoroughly investigated. We conducted a case-control study including 155 patients with HBV-related HCC and 171 healthy controls to assess the association between IL-17A rs4711998, IL-17A rs2275913, and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms and risk of HCC. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-17A rs4711998, IL-17A rs2275913, and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms between the HBV-related HCC patients and healthy controls. However, our results revealed a statistically significant association between the ACA haplotype and increased HCC risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.820, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.181-2.624, P = 0.013]. In contrast, the GCG haplotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of HBV-related HCC (OR 0.454, 95 % CI 0.112-0.898, P = 0.035). Our results suggest that IL-17A rs4711998, IL-17A rs2275913, and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms do not contribute to HBV-related HCC susceptibility independently. However, the ACA and GCG haplotypes in the IL-17 gene might be a risk factor and a protective marker, respectively, for HBV-related HCC in a Chinese population.
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Yadava K, Massacand J, Mosconi I, Nicod LP, Harris NL, Marsland BJ. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin plays divergent roles in murine models of atopic and nonatopic airway inflammation. Allergy 2014; 69:1333-42. [PMID: 24961817 DOI: 10.1111/all.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine primarily produced by epithelial cells, which has been shown to be a potent inducer of T-helper 2 (Th2)-type responses. However, TSLP has pleiotropic effects upon immune cells, and although extensively studied in the context of atopic asthma, its relevance as a therapeutic target and its role in the pathogenesis of nonatopic asthma remains unknown. We sought to investigate the role of TSLP in atopic, nonatopic and viral-induced exacerbations of pulmonary inflammation. METHODS Using stringently defined murine models of atopic, nonatopic and virally exacerbated forms of pulmonary inflammation, we compared inflammatory responses of C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and TSLP receptor-deficient (TSLPR KO) mice. RESULTS Thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) signaling was crucial for the development of atopic asthma. Specifically, TSLPR signaling to lung recruited CD4+ T cells enhanced eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, and overall inflammation within the airways. In contrast, the absence of TSLPR signaling was associated with strikingly exaggerated pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation in a nonatopic model of airway inflammation. The inflammation was associated with excessive levels of interleukin (IL)-17A in the lungs, indicating that TSLP negatively regulates IL-17A. In addition, in a model of influenza-induced exacerbation of atopic airway inflammation, the absence of TSLPR signaling also led to exaggerated neutrophilic inflammation. CONCLUSION Thymic stromal lymphopoietin plays divergent roles in the pathogenesis of atopic and nonatopic asthma phenotypes by either enhancing Th2 responses or curtailing T-helper 17 responses. These findings raise important caveats for the design of therapeutic interventions targeting TSLP in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Yadava
- Service de Pneumologie; Faculty of Biology and Medicine; University of Lausanne; CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - J. Massacand
- Global Health Institute; EPFL; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - I. Mosconi
- Global Health Institute; EPFL; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - L. P. Nicod
- Service de Pneumologie; Faculty of Biology and Medicine; University of Lausanne; CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - N. L. Harris
- Global Health Institute; EPFL; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - B. J. Marsland
- Service de Pneumologie; Faculty of Biology and Medicine; University of Lausanne; CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
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