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Saadh MJ, Ahmed HH, Singh A, Mustafa MA, Al Zuhairi RAH, Ghildiyal P, Jawad MJ, Alsaikhan F, Khalilollah S, Akhavan-Sigari R. Small molecule and big function: MicroRNA-mediated apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 261:155508. [PMID: 39116571 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune condition and chronic inflammatory disease, mostly affecting synovial joints. The complex pathogenesis of RA is supportive of high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates. Pathological changes a common characteristic in RA synovial tissue is attributed to the inadequacy of apoptotic pathways. In that regard, apoptotic pathways have been the center of attention in RA therapeutic approaches. As the regulators in the complex network of apoptosis, microRNAs (miRNAs) are found to be vital modulators in both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways through altering their regulatory genes. Indeed, miRNA, a member of the family of non-coding RNAs, are found to be an important player in not even apoptosis, but proliferation, gene expression, signaling pathways, and angiogenesis. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is implicated in attenuation and/or intensification of various apoptosis routes, resulting in culmination of human diseases including RA. Considering the need for more studies focused on the underlying mechanisms of RA in order to elevate the unsatisfactory clinical treatments, this study is aimed to delineate the importance of apoptosis in the pathophysiology of this disease. As well, this review is focused on the critical role of miRNAs in inducing or inhibiting apoptosis of RA-synovial fibroblasts and fibroblast-like synoviocytes and how this mechanism can be exerted for therapeutic purposes for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan.
| | | | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy-Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh-247341, India; Department of Pharmacy, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand- 831001, India.
| | | | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; School of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shayan Khalilollah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Liu X, Wang Y, Wen Q. Bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited articles on Th17/Treg balance and rheumatoid arthritis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32832. [PMID: 38988555 PMCID: PMC11233957 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. The role of Th17/Treg balance in RA pathogenesis has been increasingly emphasized. In this study, bibliometric and visualization analyses of the top 100 most cited articles on Th17/Treg balance in the field of RA were conducted. Methods By searching the Web of Science Core Collection database, the top 100 most cited articles of related studies were included, and the authors, countries, institutions, journals, keywords and other information were extracted for analysis using VOSviewer software. Results The top 100 most cited papers had a total of 7185 citations, with an average citation frequency of 72 (range 21-730). All of them were published between 2011 and 2022. The most influential paper, with 730 citations, was written by "Komatsu, Noriko" in 2014 and published in NATURE MEDICINE. The author with the highest output was "Cho, Mi-La" (n = 24). China was the country with the highest number of publications (n = 42). Catholic University of Korea was the institution with the highest number of publications (n = 24). ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM (n = 7), ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY (n = 7) and INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (n = 7) were the journals that published the most literature. "Expression" (cytokines and transcription factors, etc) and "differentiation" (T cells, Treg cells, and Th17 cells) were the themes of the research. "Mechanisms", "gut microbiota", "STAT3", "interleukin-6", "synovial fibroblasts" were the hot spots of research in recent years. Conclusions For the first time, the top 100 most cited articles were analyzed using bibliometric methods. We aimed to grasp the current development and research trends of RA and Th17/Treg-related studies. It is hoped that this study will provide direction and support for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
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3
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Khokhar M, Dey S, Tomo S, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Pandey RK. Unveiling Novel Drug Targets and Emerging Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1664-1693. [PMID: 38898941 PMCID: PMC11184612 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease, that causes joint damage, deformities, and decreased functionality. In addition, RA can also impact organs like the skin, lungs, eyes, and blood vessels. This autoimmune condition arises when the immune system erroneously targets the joint synovial membrane, resulting in synovitis, pannus formation, and cartilage damage. RA treatment is often holistic, integrating medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Its main objective is to achieve remission or low disease activity by utilizing a "treat-to-target" approach that optimizes drug usage and dose adjustments based on clinical response and disease activity markers. The primary RA treatment uses disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that help to interrupt the inflammatory process. When there is an inadequate response, a combination of biologicals and DMARDs is recommended. Biological therapies target inflammatory pathways and have shown promising results in managing RA symptoms. Close monitoring for adverse effects and disease progression is critical to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. A deeper understanding of the pathways and mechanisms will allow new treatment strategies that minimize adverse effects and maintain quality of life. This review discusses the potential targets that can be used for designing and implementing precision medicine in RA treatment, spotlighting the latest breakthroughs in biologics, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 receptor antagonists, TNF blockers, and disease-modifying noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 Rajasthan, India
| | - Sangita Dey
- CSO
Department, Cellworks Research India Pvt
Ltd, Bengaluru, 560066 Karnataka, India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 Rajasthan, India
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core
Laboratories, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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4
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Zhang HQ, Sun C, Xu N, Liu W. The current landscape of the antimicrobial peptide melittin and its therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326033. [PMID: 38318188 PMCID: PMC10838977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Melittin, a main component of bee venom, is a cationic amphiphilic peptide with a linear α-helix structure. It has been reported that melittin can exert pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. In particular, melittin may be beneficial for the treatment of diseases for which no specific clinical therapeutic agents exist. Melittin can effectively enhance the therapeutic properties of some first-line drugs. Elucidating the mechanism underlying melittin-mediated biological function can provide valuable insights for the application of melittin in disease intervention. However, in melittin, the positively charged amino acids enables it to directly punching holes in cell membranes. The hemolysis in red cells and the cytotoxicity triggered by melittin limit its applications. Melittin-based nanomodification, immuno-conjugation, structural regulation and gene technology strategies have been demonstrated to enhance the specificity, reduce the cytotoxicity and limit the off-target cytolysis of melittin, which suggests the potential of melittin to be used clinically. This article summarizes research progress on antiviral, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties of melittin, and discusses the strategies of melittin-modification for its future potential clinical applications in preventing drug resistance, enhancing the selectivity to target cells and alleviating cytotoxic effects to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qian Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chengbiao Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Na Xu
- Academic Affairs Office, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Wensen Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
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5
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Mohammad TAM, Hamad BK, Maroof AMA, Mahmud SO. STA-21 regulates Th-17/Treg balance and synovial fibroblasts functions in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15032. [PMID: 38287543 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a significant role in cytokines and growth factors signaling involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). STAT3 is a major downstream signaling mediator of important pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in Th-17 cell differentiation playing a significant role in regulating Th-17/ Treg balance and the development of autoimmune diseases, especially RA. Studies also have reported the role of the STAT3 pathway in inflammatory and destructive functions of synovial fibroblasts (SFs) in RA. STA-21 is a small molecule inhibitor that can inhibit STAT3 activation impairing the expression of STAT3 target genes. In this study, we tested whether a STAT3 inhibitor, STA-21, can alter Th-17/Treg balance and SF functions in RA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and SFs were isolated from 34 RA patients undergoing orthopedic surgery and 15 healthy controls to investigate in vitro effects of STA-21. The main assays were MTT assay, PI staining, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), flow cytometric analysis, and ELISA. Results showed that STA-21 reduced the proportion of Th-17 cells and the expression of STAT3 target genes, RORγt, IL-21, and IL-23R involved in Th-17 cells differentiation while it conversely increased the proportion of Treg cells, which theoretically may result in suppression of inflammation. We found that STAT3 activation and its target gene expression increased in RA-SFs. In addition, results showed that STA-21 can reduce the expression of STAT3 target genes related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation leading to a decrease in proliferation and conversely increase in apoptosis of RA-SFs. Overall, our findings provide evidence that STA-21 can reduce inflammatory immune processes conducted by T cells and RA-SFs in RA, suggesting that this compound is a suitable option for clinical studies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar Ahmad Merza Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Badraldin Kareem Hamad
- Department of pharmacology and toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Shokhan Osman Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
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6
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Godoi MA, Camilli AC, Gonzales KGA, Costa VB, Papathanasiou E, Leite FRM, Guimarães-Stabili MR. JAK/STAT as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Osteolytic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10290. [PMID: 37373437 PMCID: PMC10299676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cytokines with major biological functions in inflammatory diseases exert their functions through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway. JAKs phosphorylate the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor, inducing the activation of its substrates, mainly the proteins known as STATs. STATs bind to these phosphorylated tyrosine residues and translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, further regulating the transcription of several genes that regulate the inflammatory response. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. There is also increasing evidence indicating that the persistent activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is related to several inflammatory bone (osteolytic) diseases. However, the specific mechanism remains to be clarified. JAK/STAT signaling pathway inhibitors have gained major scientific interest to explore their potential in the prevention of the destruction of mineralized tissues in osteolytic diseases. Here, our review highlights the importance of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in inflammation-induced bone resorption and presents the results of clinical studies and experimental models of JAK inhibitors in osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariely A. Godoi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Angelo C. Camilli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Karen G. A. Gonzales
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Vitória B. Costa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Evangelos Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Fábio R. M. Leite
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre, Singapore 168938, Singapore;
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Morgana R. Guimarães-Stabili
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
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7
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Li Z, Chen M, Wang Z, Fan Q, Lin Z, Tao X, Wu J, Liu Z, Lin R, Zhao C. Berberine inhibits RA-FLS cell proliferation and adhesion by regulating RAS/MAPK/FOXO/HIF-1 signal pathway in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:91-102. [PMID: 36718649 PMCID: PMC9950669 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.122.bjr-2022-0269.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic immune disease. Berberine, as its main active ingredient, was also contained in a variety of medicinal plants such as Berberaceae, Buttercup, and Rutaceae, which are widely used in digestive system diseases in traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. The aims of this article were to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of berberine on rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate the effect of berberine on the proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocyte (RA-FLS) cells. The effect of berberine on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and other factors was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Transcriptome technology was used to screen related pathways and the potential targets after berberine treatment, which were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) technology. RESULTS Berberine inhibited proliferation and adhesion of RA-FLS cells, and significantly reduced the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, RANKL, and TNF-α. Transcriptional results suggested that berberine intervention mainly regulated forkhead box O (FOXO) signal pathway, prolactin signal pathway, neurotrophic factor signal pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signal pathway. CONCLUSION The effect of berberine on RA was related to the regulation of RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase/FOXO/HIF-1 signal pathway in RA-FLS cells.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(2):91-102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Fan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenquan Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichao Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China, Mr. Chongjun Zhao. E-mail:
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8
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Jmjd1c demethylates STAT3 to restrain plasma cell differentiation and rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1342-1354. [PMID: 35995859 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate regulation of B cell differentiation into plasma cells is essential for humoral immunity while preventing antibody-mediated autoimmunity; however, the underlying mechanisms, especially those with pathological consequences, remain unclear. Here, we found that the expression of Jmjd1c, a member of JmjC domain histone demethylase, in B cells but not in other immune cells, protected mice from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In humans with RA, JMJD1C expression levels in B cells were negatively associated with plasma cell frequency and disease severity. Mechanistically, Jmjd1c demethylated STAT3, rather than histone substrate, to restrain plasma cell differentiation. STAT3 Lys140 hypermethylation caused by Jmjd1c deletion inhibited the interaction with phosphatase Ptpn6 and resulted in abnormally sustained STAT3 phosphorylation and activity, which in turn promoted plasma cell generation. Germinal center B cells devoid of Jmjd1c also acquired strikingly increased propensity to differentiate into plasma cells. STAT3 Lys140Arg point mutation completely abrogated the effect caused by Jmjd1c loss. Mice with Jmjd1c overexpression in B cells exhibited opposite phenotypes to Jmjd1c-deficient mice. Overall, our study revealed Jmjd1c as a critical regulator of plasma cell differentiation and RA and also highlighted the importance of demethylation modification for STAT3 in B cells.
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9
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Preventive effects of a standardized flavonoid extract of safflower in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Neuropharmacology 2022; 217:109209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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IL-27 regulates autophagy in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via STAT3 signaling. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152241. [PMID: 35820245 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly prevalent autoimmune condition associated with pronounced synovial inflammation. The majority of RA patients required long-term treatment to control disease progression, thus imposing a significant financial burden on affected individuals. The development of RA is critically influenced by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) within the synovial lining. IL-27 is an IL-6/IL-12 family cytokine that has recently been shown to play varied pro-inflammatory or protective roles in particular autoimmune diseases. However, the effects of IL-27 on FLSs in the context of RA have yet to be clarified and warrant further research. This study was developed to evaluate the impact of IL-27 treatment on apoptotic and autophagic activity in RA-associated FLSs, with a particular focus on the role of the STAT3 pathway in this regulatory context. Through these experiments, we found that IL-27 was able to suppress FLS proliferation and autophagic activity, with a high dose of this cytokine (100 ng/mL) markedly suppressing autophagy while simultaneously inducing some level of cellular apoptosis. The STAT3 inhibitor STA21 was found to reverse the IL-27-mediated suppression of autophagic activity in these RA-associated FLSs. Imbalanced cellular proliferation and apoptosis is of critical importance in the context of RA progression, and we found that IL-27 was able to regulate such imbalance and to enhance the apoptotic activity of RA FLSs by inhibiting rapamycin-activated autophagy. Together, these results indicate that IL-27 can regulate autophagic activity within RA-associated FLSs via the STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to inhibition of cellular proliferation.
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Rahman MM, Bibi S, Rahaman MS, Rahman F, Islam F, Khan MS, Hasan MM, Parvez A, Hossain MA, Maeesa SK, Islam MR, Najda A, Al-Malky HS, Mohamed HRH, AlGwaiz HIM, Awaji AA, Germoush MO, Kensara OA, Abdel-Daim MM, Saeed M, Kamal MA. Natural therapeutics and nutraceuticals for lung diseases: Traditional significance, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113041. [PMID: 35658211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infections like influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and pneumonia lung cancer (LC) are common causes of sickness and death worldwide due to their remoteness, cold and harsh climatic conditions, and inaccessible health care facilities. PURPOSE Many drugs have already been proposed for the treatment of lung diseases. Few of them are in clinical trials and have the potential to cure infectious diseases. Plant extracts or herbal products have been extensively used as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Indian Ayurveda. Moreover, it has been involved in the inhibition of certain genes/protiens effects to promote regulation of signaling pathways. Natural remedies have been scientifically proven with remarkable bioactivities and are considered a cheap and safe source for lung disease. METHODS This comprehensive review highlighted the literature about traditional plants and their metabolites with their applications for the treatment of lung diseases through experimental models in humans. Natural drugs information and mode of mechanism have been studied through the literature retrieved by Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Scopus and Medline PubMed resources against lung diseases. RESULTS In vitro, in vivo and computational studies have been explained for natural metabolites derived from plants (like flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids) against different types of lung diseases. Probiotics have also been biologically active therapeutics against cancer, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiviral, and antioxidants associated with lung diseases. CONCLUSION The results of the mentioned natural metabolites repurposed for different lung diseases especially for SARS-CoV-2 should be evaluated more by advance computational applications, experimental models in the biological system, also need to be validated by clinical trials so that we may be able to retrieve potential drugs for most challenging lung diseases especially SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Md Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoza Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Parvez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saila Kabir Maeesa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Hamdan S Al-Malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hussah I M AlGwaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeshah A Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudia Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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12
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Pinolenic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects in peripheral blood-derived monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8807. [PMID: 35614190 PMCID: PMC9133073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinolenic acid (PNLA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid from pine nuts, has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. We aimed to investigate the direct anti-inflammatory effect and anti-atherogenic effects of PNLA on activated purified CD14 monocytes from peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to assess the proportions of CD14 monocytes expressing TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 in purified monocytes from patients with RA after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation with/without PNLA pre-treatment. The whole genomic transcriptome (WGT) profile of PNLA-treated, and LPS-activated monocytes from patients with active RA was investigated by RNA-sequencing. PNLA reduced percentage of monocytes expressing cytokines: TNF-α by 23% (p = 0.048), IL-6 by 25% (p = 0.011), IL-1β by 23% (p = 0.050), IL-8 by 20% (p = 0.066). Pathway analysis identified upstream activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), sirtuin3, and let7 miRNA, and KLF15, which are anti-inflammatory and antioxidative. In contrast, DAP3, LIF and STAT3, which are involved in TNF-α, and IL-6 signal transduction, were inhibited. Canonical Pathway analysis showed that PNLA inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (p = 9.14E−09) and mitochondrial dysfunction (p = 4.18E−08), while the sirtuin (SIRTs) signalling pathway was activated (p = 8.89E−06) which interfere with the pathophysiological process of atherosclerosis. Many miRNAs were modulated by PNLA suggesting potential post-transcriptional regulation of metabolic and immune response that has not been described previously. Multiple miRNAs target pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4), single-immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor molecule (SIGIRR), mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase membrane subunit 6 (MT-ATP6) and acetyl-CoA acyltranferase2 (ACAA2); genes implicated in regulation of lipid and cell metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. PNLA has potential anti-atherogenic and immune-metabolic effects on monocytes that are pathogenic in RA and atherosclerosis. Dietary PNLA supplementation regulates key miRNAs that are involved in metabolic, mitochondrial, and inflammatory pathways.
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13
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Wu JY, Chen YJ, Fu XQ, Li JK, Chou JY, Yin CL, Bai JX, Wu Y, Wang XQ, Li ASM, Wong LY, Yu ZL. Chrysoeriol suppresses hyperproliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes and inhibits JAK2/STAT3 signaling. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:73. [PMID: 35296317 PMCID: PMC8928618 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) have cancer cell-like characteristics, such as abnormal proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, and play a pathogenic role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Hyperproliferation of RA-FLS that can be triggered by the activation of interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling destructs cartilage and bone in RA patients. Chrysoeriol is a flavone found in medicinal herbs such as Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (the dried capitulum of Chrysanthemum indicum L.). These herbs are commonly used in treating RA. Chrysoeriol has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit STAT3 signaling in our previous studies. This study aimed to determine whether chrysoeriol inhibits hyperproliferation of RA-FLS, and whether inhibiting STAT3 signaling is one of the underlying mechanisms. Methods IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6/sIL-6R)-stimulated RA-FLS were used to evaluate the effects of chrysoeriol. CCK-8 assay and crystal violet staining were used to examine cell proliferation. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect cell apoptosis. Western blotting was employed to determine protein levels. Results Chrysoeriol suppressed hyperproliferation of, and evoked apoptosis in, IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated RA-FLS. The apoptotic effect of chrysoeriol was verified by its ability to cleave caspase-3 and caspase-9. Mechanistic studies revealed that chrysoeriol inhibited activation/phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2, Tyr1007/1008) and STAT3 (Tyr705); decreased STAT3 nuclear level and down-regulated protein levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 that are transcriptionally regulated by STAT3. Over-activation of STAT3 significantly diminished anti-proliferative effects of chrysoeriol in IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated RA-FLS. Conclusions We for the first time demonstrated that chrysoeriol suppresses hyperproliferation of RA-FLS, and suppression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling contributes to the underlying mechanisms. This study provides pharmacological and chemical justifications for the traditional use of chrysoeriol-containing herbs in treating RA, and provides a pharmacological basis for developing chrysoeriol into a novel anti-RA agent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03553-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Wu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy Sze-Man Li
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lut Yi Wong
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China. .,School of Chinese Medicine, Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. .,JaneClare Transdermal TCM Therapy Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Millrine D, Jenkins RH, Hughes STO, Jones SA. Making sense of IL-6 signalling cues in pathophysiology. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:567-588. [PMID: 34618359 PMCID: PMC9673051 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the molecular mechanisms that account for functional pleiotropy is a major challenge for researchers in cytokine biology. Cytokine-receptor cross-reactivity and shared signalling pathways are considered primary drivers of cytokine pleiotropy. However, reports epitomized by studies of Jak-STAT cytokine signalling identify interesting biochemical and epigenetic determinants of transcription factor regulation that affect the delivery of signal-dependent cytokine responses. Here, a regulatory interplay between STAT transcription factors and their convergence to specific genomic enhancers support the fine-tuning of cytokine responses controlling host immunity, functional identity, and tissue homeostasis and repair. In this review, we provide an overview of the signalling networks that shape the way cells sense and interpret cytokine cues. With an emphasis on the biology of interleukin-6, we highlight the importance of these mechanisms to both physiological processes and pathophysiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Millrine
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
- Present address:
Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSir James Black CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Dundee3rd FloorDundeeUK
| | - Robert H. Jenkins
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
| | - Stuart T. O. Hughes
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
| | - Simon A. Jones
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
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15
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Zhao J, Jiang P, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Apoptosis, Autophagy, NETosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis Mediated Programmed Cell Death as Targets for Innovative Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:809806. [PMID: 35003139 PMCID: PMC8739882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.809806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that can lead to clinical manifestations of systemic diseases. Its leading features include chronic synovial inflammation and degeneration of the bones and joints. In the past decades, multiple susceptibilities for rheumatoid arthritis have been identified along with the development of a remarkable variety of drugs for its treatment; which include analgesics, glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic response modifiers (bDMARDs). Despite the existence of many clinical treatment options, the prognosis of some patients remains poor due to complex mechanism of the disease. Programmed cell death (PCD) has been extensively studied and ascertained to be one of the essential pathological mechanisms of RA. Its dysregulation in various associated cell types contributes to the development of RA. In this review, we summarize the role of apoptosis, cell death-associated neutrophil extracellular trap formation, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy in the pathophysiology of RA to provide a theoretical reference and insightful direction to the discovery and development of novel therapeutic targets for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J Schrodi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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16
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Yao X, Wang Q, Zeng P, Hou L, Yang Y, Lu D, Huang Y, Ning Q, Xu H, Cao Y, Tang F, An Y, Zhou J, Huang W, Ma W. LncRNA HOTTIP from synovial fibroblast-derived exosomes: A novel molecular target for rheumatoid arthritis through the miR-1908-5p/STAT3 axis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112943. [PMID: 34808131 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammation mediated by autoimmune responses. HOTTIP, a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), participates in cell proliferation and invasion. However, the correlation between HOTTIP and RA remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify how HOTTIP works in RA and to investigate its role in the development of RA. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle progression. Binding between HOTTIP, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and miR-1908-5p was demonstrated by dual-luciferase assays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of T cell differentiation-related proteins. We found that HOTTIP was upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). HOTTIP directly bound to miR-1908-5p and negatively modulated miR-1908-5p expression while positively regulating STAT3. The effects of HOTTIP overexpression on regulating the balance of the Th17/Treg cell ratio were partly reversed by miR-1908-5p overexpression. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrated that overexpression of HOTTIP aggravated inflammation in RA mice, which was demonstrated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and the increased expression levels of CD4+ interleukin (IL)-17+, forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) and retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt). In summary, our study suggests that HOTTIP plays a damaging role in RA by promoting inflammation, which may be related to the regulation of miR-1908-5p expression and the STAT3 signaling pathway. These results suggest that the regulation of HOTTIP may be a promising therapeutic strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Qiuyi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Yutao Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Daoming Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Qiaoyi Ning
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Yuepeng Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China.
| | - Wukai Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Street, Guiyang 550003, China.
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17
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Guderud K, Sunde LH, Flåm ST, Mæhlen MT, Mjaavatten MD, Norli ES, Evenrød IM, Andreassen BK, Franzenburg S, Franke A, Rayner S, Gervin K, Lie BA. Methotrexate Treatment of Newly Diagnosed RA Patients Is Associated With DNA Methylation Differences at Genes Relevant for Disease Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Action. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713611. [PMID: 34867944 PMCID: PMC8637827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate (MTX) is the first line treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and methylation changes in bulk T cells have been reported after treatment with MTX. We have investigated cell-type specific DNA methylation changes across the genome in naïve and memory CD4+ T cells before and after MTX treatment of RA patients. DNA methylation profiles of newly diagnosed RA patients (N=9) were assessed by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Results We found that MTX treatment significantly influenced DNA methylation levels at multiple CpG sites in both cell populations. Interestingly, we identified differentially methylated sites annotated to two genes; TRIM15 and SORC2, previously reported to predict treatment outcome in RA patients when measured in bulk T cells. Furthermore, several of the genes, including STAT3, annotated to the significant CpG sites are relevant for RA susceptibility or the action of MTX. Conclusion We detected CpG sites that were associated with MTX treatment in CD4+ naïve and memory T cells isolated from RA patients. Several of these sites overlap genetic regions previously associated with RA risk and MTX treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Guderud
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line H Sunde
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri T Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marthe T Mæhlen
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ellen S Norli
- Department of Rheumatology, Martina Hansens Hospital, Bærum, Norway
| | - Ida M Evenrød
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bettina K Andreassen
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population-Based Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Rayner
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Gervin
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Patidar V, Shah S, Kumar R, Singh PK, Singh SB, Khatri DK. A molecular insight of inflammatory cascades in rheumatoid arthritis and anti-arthritic potential of phytoconstituents. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:2375-2391. [PMID: 34817776 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto-immune inflammatory disorder of the synovial lining of joints marked by immune cells infiltration and hyperplasia of synovial fibroblasts which results in articular cartilage destruction and bone erosion. The current review will provide comprehensive information and results obtained from the recent research on the phytochemicals which were found to have potential anti-arthritic activity along with the molecular pathway that were targeted to control RA progression. In this review, we have summarized the scientific data from various animal studies about molecular mechanisms, possible side effects, associations with conventional therapies, and the role of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for RA such as ayurvedic medicines in arthritis. In the case of RA, phytochemicals have been shown to act through different pathways such as regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, T cell differentiation, inhibition of angiogenic factors, induction of the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), inhibition of autophagic pathway by inhibiting High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1), Akt/ mTOR pathway and HIF-1α mediated Vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) expression. Also, osteoclasts differentiation is inhibited by down-regulating the VEGF expression by decreasing the accumulation of the ARNT (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator)-HIF-1α complex Although phytochemicals have shown to exert potential anti-arthritic activity in many animal models and further clinical data is needed to confirm their safety, efficacy, and interactions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Patidar
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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19
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Pan J. Immunopathogenic mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:154-164. [PMID: 34466337 PMCID: PMC8397820 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2021.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis and symmetrical joint destruction. RA has become one of the key diseases endangering human health, but its etiology is not clear. Therefore, identifying the immunopathogenic mechanisms of RA and developing therapeutic drugs to treat autoimmune diseases have always been difficult. This article mainly reviews the immunopathogenic mechanism of RA and advances in the study of anti-inflammatory drugs in order to provide a reference for the treatment of RA and drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Pan Jihong, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, # 6699 Qingdao Road, Ji'nan 250117, China. E-mail:
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20
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Zhang F, Liu Z, He X, Li Z, Shi B, Cai F. β-Sitosterol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: involvement of NF-кB and HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1329-1341. [PMID: 32945205 PMCID: PMC7534215 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1818883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune disease that is categorized via chronic
inflammation manifestation, obesity, cardiovascular risk and even enhanced the mortality
and affect the 0.3 and 1% of population worldwide. The current experimental study was
scrutinize the anti-arthritic effect of β-sitosterol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN) against complete Fruend adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis via dual pathway. Double
emulsion solvent displacement method was used for the preparation of β-sitosterol solid
lipid nanoparticles (SLN). CFA was used to induce arthritis and rats were divided into
different groups for 28 days. Biochemical, anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory cytokines
and inflammatory mediator were estimated, respectively. Receptor activator of nuclear
factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3)
nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme Oxygenase-1(HO-1) and
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were estimated. β-sitosterol-SLN significantly
(p < .001) reduced the paw edema, arthritic index and
increased the body weight. β-sitosterol-SLN increased the redox status of synovium {reduce
the malonaldehyde (MDA) and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and
catalase (CAT)} level and reduced the cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),
interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-16, interleukin-17 and
increased level of interleukin-10, Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).
β-sitosterol-SLN significantly (p < .001) reduced the
level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), vascular
Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and NF-κB. β-sitosterol-SLN significantly increased the
expression of HO-1,Nrf2 and decreased the expression of NF-κB, RANKL, STAT3. In
conclusion, β-sitosterol SLN showed the antiarthritic effect via suppression of NF-kB and
activation of HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanqi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengmei Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
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21
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Shams S, Martinez JM, Dawson JRD, Flores J, Gabriel M, Garcia G, Guevara A, Murray K, Pacifici N, Vargas MV, Voelker T, Hell JW, Ashouri JF. The Therapeutic Landscape of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current State and Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680043. [PMID: 34122106 PMCID: PMC8194305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease with grave physical, emotional and socioeconomic consequences. Despite advances in targeted biologic and pharmacologic interventions that have recently come to market, many patients with RA continue to have inadequate response to therapies, or intolerable side effects, with resultant progression of their disease. In this review, we detail multiple biomolecular pathways involved in RA disease pathogenesis to elucidate and highlight pathways that have been therapeutic targets in managing this systemic autoimmune disease. Here we present an up-to-date accounting of both emerging and approved pharmacological treatments for RA, detailing their discovery, mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations. Finally, we turn to the emerging fields of bioengineering and cell therapy to illuminate possible future targeted therapeutic options that combine material and biological sciences for localized therapeutic action with the potential to greatly reduce side effects seen in systemically applied treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Shams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joseph M. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John R. D. Dawson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Juan Flores
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gabriel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amanda Guevara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kaitlin Murray
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Noah Pacifici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Taylor Voelker
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Judith F. Ashouri
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim R. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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22
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Li Q, Hu S, Huang L, Zhang J, Cao G. Evaluating the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Selected Active Compounds in Cornus Officinalis and Paeonia Lactiflora in Rheumatoid Arthritis via Network Pharmacology Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648037. [PMID: 33967784 PMCID: PMC8097135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus officinalis Sieb et. Zucc and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. have exhibited favorable therapeutic effects against rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the specific mechanisms of their active compounds remain unclear. The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze the therapeutic mechanisms of selected active compounds in Cornus officinalis (loganin, ursolic acid, and morroniside) and Paeonia lactiflora (paeoniflorin and albiflorin) via network pharmacology. The pharmacological properties of the five active compounds were evaluated and their potential target genes were identified by database screening. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analysis were performed to determine the enriched molecular pathways associated with the active compounds. Using network pharmacology tools, eight genes (IL1β, VEGFA, STAT3, TP53, IL6, TNF, FOS, and LGALS3) were identified as common targets between RA and the five active compounds. Molecular docking simulation revealed the compound-target relationship between the five active compounds and three selected targets from the eight common ones (LGALS3, STAT3, and VEGFA). The compound-target relationships were subsequently validated via preliminary in vivo experiments in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis. Rats subjected to collagen-induced arthritis showed increased protein expression of LGALS3, STAT3, and VEGFA in synovial tissues. However, treatment using Cornus officinalis or/and Paeonia lactiflora, as well as their most drug-like active compounds (ursolic acid or/and paeoniflorin, respectively, identified based on pharmacological properties), attenuated the expression of these three targets, as previously predicted. Collectively, network pharmacology allowed the pharmacological and molecular roles of Cornus officinalis and Paeonia lactiflora to be systematically revealed, further establishing them as important candidate drugs in the treatment and management of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Scientific Research Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqi Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichuang Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jida Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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A two-herb formula inhibits hyperproliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3850. [PMID: 33594167 PMCID: PMC7886911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pathogenic role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). STAT3 signaling is activated in FLS of RA patients (RA-FLS), which in turn causes RA-FLS hyperproliferation. RL is a traditional remedy for treating inflammatory diseases in China. It comprises Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. A standardized ethanolic extract of RL (RLE) has been shown to exert anti-arthritic effects in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Some constituents of RLE were reported to inhibit JAK2/STAT3 signaling in rat FLS. Here, we determined whether RLE inhibits FLS hyperproliferation, and explored the involvement of STAT3 signaling in this inhibition. In joints of CIA rats, RLE increased apoptotic FLS. In IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated RA-FLS, RLE reduced cell viability and evoked cell apoptosis. In synovial tissues of CIA rats, RLE lowered the protein level of phospho-STAT3. In IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated RA-FLS, RLE inhibited activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 and JAK2, decreased the nuclear localization of STAT3, and downregulated protein levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Over-activation of STAT3 diminished RLE’s anti-proliferative effects in IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated RA-FLS. In summary, RLE inhibits hyperproliferation of FLS in rat and cell models, and suppression of STAT3 signaling contributes to the underlying mechanisms. This study provides further pharmacological groundwork for developing RLE as a modern anti-arthritic drug.
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24
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Chen M, Li M, Zhang N, Sun W, Wang H, Wei W. Mechanism of miR-218-5p in autophagy, apoptosis and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts is mediated by KLF9 and JAK/STAT3 pathways. J Investig Med 2021; 69:jim-2020-001437. [PMID: 33558275 PMCID: PMC8020083 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of miR-218-5p on the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), and the related mechanisms. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that the expression of miR-218-5p in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue was significantly higher than that in healthy synovial tissue. Compared with healthy synovial fibroblasts, miR-218-5p expression was obviously upregulated in RASFs, while KLF9 protein expression was markedly downregulated. Mechanistically, miR-218-5p could directly bind to the 3' untranslated region of KLF9 to inhibit the expression of KLF9. Additionally, transfection of miR-218-5p small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the proliferation but promoted apoptosis and autophagy of RASFs. Simultaneously, miR-218-5p silencing reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity to improve oxidative stress in RASFs. More importantly, the introduction of KLF9 siRNA reversed the effects of miR-218-5p siRNA transfection on RASF proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress. What is more, silencing miR-218-5p inhibited the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by targeting KLF9. Collectively, knockdown of miR-218-5p could regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress of RASFs by increasing the expression of KLF9 and inhibiting the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which may provide a potential target for the mechanism research of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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25
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Zhang S, Meng T, Tang C, Li S, Cai X, Wang D, Chen M. MicroRNA-340-5p suppressed rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast proliferation and induces apoptotic cell number by targeting signal transducers and activators of transcription 3. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:314-322. [PMID: 32706318 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1793134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. In this study, the role of microRNA-340-5p in rheumatoid arthritis was investigated. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of microRNA-340-5p in serums, synovial tissues, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients and healthy participants. Cell proliferation rate, cell cycle and apoptotic cell numbers were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. The expression of pro-inflammation factors was determined by ELISA. Our data showed that the expression of microRNA-340-5p was greatly suppressed in rheumatoid arthritis serums, synovial tissues and rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblast-like synoviocytes compared to that in healthy controls. Over-expression of microRNA-340-5p greatly suppressed cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and suppressed the expression of inflammation factors in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Additionally, STAT3 was a target of microRNA-340-5. Overexpression of STAT3 could reverse the outcome of microRNA-340-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. The findings in our study demonstrated that microRNA-340-5p may serve as a potential target for therapeutic direction for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Tingting Meng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, P. R. China
| | - Shengdong Li
- Department of Rhumatology, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou, Ninbo City, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ninbo City, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Shunde District Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Foshan City, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan City, P. R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau.,The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
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26
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Emori T, Kasahara M, Sugahara S, Hashimoto M, Ito H, Narumiya S, Higashi Y, Fujii Y. Role of JAK-STAT signaling in the pathogenic behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: Effect of the novel JAK inhibitor peficitinib. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173238. [PMID: 32561292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA. RA-FLS display passive pro-inflammatory responses and self-directed aggressive responses, such as pro-inflammatory mediator production, reduced apoptosis and formation of a thickened synovial lining. Evidence suggests a role for Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and transcriptional activator (STAT) signaling in the passive response but the aggressive behavior of RA-FLS is poorly understood. The pharmacologic effects of the novel JAK inhibitor, peficitinib, on cytokine-induced intracellular signaling and self-directed aggressive behavior of RA-FLS (e.g., increased expression of apoptosis-resistant genes and sodium nitroprusside-induced apoptosis) were investigated and compared with approved JAK inhibitors. RA-FLS assembly to form a lining-like structure and pro-inflammatory mediator production was investigated in three-dimensional (3D)-micromass culture. Peficitinib inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation in RA-FLS following induction by interferon (IFN)-α2b, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, oncostatin M, and leukemia inhibitory factor in a concentration-related manner, and was comparable to approved JAK inhibitors, tofacitinib and baricitinib. Peficitinib and tofacitinib suppressed autocrine phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of apoptosis-resistant genes, and promoted cell death. In 3D-micromass culture, peficitinib reduced multi-layered RA-FLS cells to a thin monolayer, an effect less pronounced with tofacitinib. Both compounds attenuated production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, matrix metalloproteinases, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor superfamily-11. This study confirmed the pathogenic role of uncontrolled JAK-STAT signaling in the aggressive and passive responses of RA-FLS that are critical for RA progression. The novel JAK inhibitor peficitinib suppressed the pro-inflammatory behavior of RA-FLS, accelerated cell death and abrogated thickening of the synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Emori
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Michiko Kasahara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan; Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shingo Sugahara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, 54 Kawara-cho, Shougo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawara-cho, Shougo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Higashi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasutomo Fujii
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukiga-oka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
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27
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Stratton M, Ramachandran A, Camacho EJM, Patil S, Waris G, Grice KA. Anti-fibrotic activity of gold and platinum complexes - Au(I) compounds as a new class of anti-fibrotic agents. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 206:111023. [PMID: 32163811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular gold(I) and platinum(II) species were examined for the inhibition of liver fibrosis and the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Determination of inhibition efficiency was conducted via morphological analysis, cell viability, western blot analysis, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Auranofin and Ph3PAuCl demonstrated the greatest inhibition of liver fibrosis amongst the tested gold species in human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. Western blot analysis indicated that auranofin and Ph3PAuCl prevent signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, which may be a key connection to fibrosis and inflammation. Auranofin and Ph3PAuCl also reduced expression of HCV-nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) and HCV-NS5a proteins in a HCV subgenomic replicon system. These results demonstrate significant promise for the use of gold compounds in treating liver diseases such as HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stratton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Akshaya Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | | | - Shivaputra Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Gulam Waris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Kyle A Grice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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28
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Hong R, Wang Y, Dong H, Geng R. DTX3L/ARTD9 contributes to inflammation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes by increasing STAT1 translocation. Tissue Cell 2020; 64:101339. [PMID: 32473705 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Deltex-3-like (DTX3L), an E3 ligase, which is also known as B-lymphoma and BAL-associated protein (BBAP), is a member of the Deltex (DTX) family and was originally identified as a binding partner of diphtheria-toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase-9 (ARTD9). The present study found that DTX3L and ARTD9 were upregulated in synovial tissues obtained from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with those from the controls. Healthy synovial tissues were obtained by arthroscopic biopsy from patients with meniscus injury (n = 10 samples) without a history of RA in the Orthopedic Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. FLSs were isolated from RA patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. We performed dual immunofluorescence staining on DTX3L and ARTD9, and these data strongly demonstrated that DTX3L and ARTD9 were colocalized with fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in patients with RA. Furthermore, Western blot assays were performed to confirm that the expression levels of DTX3L and ARTD9 in the FLSs increased in a time-dependent manner and peaked at 24 h after TNF-α stimulation. Further, the inhibition of endogenous DTX3L and ARTD9 expression by RNA interference significantly suppressed the TNF-α-induced MMP-9 and IL-6 expression, as shown by Western blots. In contrast, overexpressing DTX3L and ARTD9 increased the MMP-9 and IL-6 mRNA levels in the TNF-α-stimulated FLSs. Moreover, DTX3L and ARTD9 associated with STAT1 under TNF-α-stimulated conditions to modulate STAT1 nuclear localization and transcriptional activity in an immunofluorescence staining assay. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that DTX3L and ARTD9 contribute to the production of inflammatory cytokines in FLSs from RA patients and may play a key role in the inflammatory process of RA via the STAT1 signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third People's Hospital of Yan Cheng, Yan Cheng 224000, China
| | - Yuwu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third People's Hospital of Yan Cheng, Yan Cheng 224000, China.
| | - Honghua Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third People's Hospital of Yan Cheng, Yan Cheng 224000, China
| | - Rui Geng
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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29
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ADAM17 Activity and IL-6 Trans-Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111736. [PMID: 31694340 PMCID: PMC6895846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) are transmembrane proteins, which need to be proteolytically cleaved in order to be systemically active. The major protease responsible for this cleavage is the membrane metalloprotease ADAM17, which also has been implicated in cleavage of TNFα and interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor. It has been recently shown that in the absence of ADAM17, the main protease for EGF-R ligand processing, colon cancer formation is largely abrogated. Intriguingly, colon cancer formation depends on EGF-R activity on myeloid cells rather than on intestinal epithelial cells. A major activity of EGF-R on myeloid cells is the stimulation of IL-6 synthesis. Subsequently, IL-6 together with the ADAM17 shed soluble IL-6 receptor acts on intestinal epithelial cells via IL-6 trans-signaling to induce colon cancer formation, which can be blocked by the inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signaling, sgp130Fc. Blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling therefore offers a new therapeutic window downstream of the EGF-R for the treatment of colon cancer and possibly of other EGF-R related neoplastic diseases.
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30
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Shen X, Zhao L, Chen P, Gong Y, Liu D, Zhang X, Dai L, Sun Q, Lou J, Jin Z, Zhang B, Niu D, Chen C, Qi X, Jia D. A thiazole-derived oridonin analogue exhibits antitumor activity by directly and allosterically inhibiting STAT3. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17471-17486. [PMID: 31594861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) occurs in ∼70% of human cancers, and STAT3 is regarded as one of the most promising targets for cancer therapy. However, specific direct STAT3 inhibitors remain to be developed. Oridonin is an ent-kaurane plant-derived diterpenoid with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, using an array of cell-based and biochemical approaches, including cell proliferation and apoptosis assays, pulldown and reporter gene assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics analyses, we report that a thiazole-derived oridonin analogue, CYD0618, potently and directly inhibits STAT3. We found that CYD0618 covalently binds to Cys-542 in STAT3 and suppresses its activity through an allosteric effect, effectively reducing STAT3 dimerization and nuclear translocation, as well as decreasing expression of STAT3-targeted oncogenes. Remarkably, CYD0618 not only strongly inhibited growth of multiple cancer cell lines that harbor constitutive STAT3 activation, but it also suppressed in vivo tumor growth via STAT3 inhibition. Taken together, our findings suggest Cys-542 as a druggable site for selectively inhibiting STAT3 and indicate that CYD0618 represents a promising lead compound for developing therapeutic agents against STAT3-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peihao Chen
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dingdong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jizhong Lou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhong Jin
- Computer Network Information Center and Center of Scientific Computing Applications and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Computer Network Information Center and Center of Scientific Computing Applications and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Da Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abdel-Maged AE, Gad AM, Wahdan SA, Azab SS. Efficacy and safety of Ramucirumab and methotrexate co-therapy in rheumatoid arthritis experimental model: Involvement of angiogenic and immunomodulatory signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114702. [PMID: 31398424 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with irreversible joint destruction that leads to permanent motor disability and compromised quality of life. However, the main cause of RA is still unknown though stimulation of immune system and cells plays pivotal role in disease development and progression. Ramucirumab (RAM) is the monoclonal antibody against VEGF- receptor. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the therapeutic effect of RAM with or without Methotrexate (MTX) against adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritic rats were treated for three consecutive weeks with MTX or RAM alone and MTX-RAM co-therapy. Arthritic score, gait score, ankle diameter, paw thickness, angiogenic, inflammatory cytokines, bone erosion markers, and apoptotic markers were assessed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect. RAM monotherapy exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic effects similar to MTX alone to treat RA in the current study. Furthermore, RAM alone had a protective effect on bone and cartilage health better than standard anti-rheumatic agent MTX. Interestingly, combined therapy of MTX and RAM produced significant differences in comparison with MTX or RAM monotherapy in all tested parameters. Moreover, the current study proved that MTX-RAM co-therapy has a synergistic effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ankle Joint/drug effects
- Ankle Joint/pathology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Foot/pathology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Immunomodulation
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Male
- Methotrexate/pharmacology
- Methotrexate/therapeutic use
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Rats
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood
- Ramucirumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany E Abdel-Maged
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals (NORCB), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara A Wahdan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar S Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Qiu Q, Feng Q, Tan X, Guo M. JAK3-selective inhibitor peficitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:547-554. [PMID: 31059310 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1615443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis as well as symmetric and destructive arthropathy. Although several disease modified antirheumatic-drugs (DMARDs) have widely used in clinical practice, certain patients are nonresponsive to or cannot take such medications due to adverse reactions. It is evident that Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have the potential to provide a significant breakthrough in the treatment of RA. These potent, orally administered, JAK inhibitors simplify the treatment options for patients. Areas covered: We discuss the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of peficitinib for the treatment of RA. Expert opinion: Peficitinib is a novel JAK3 inhibitor potently inhibiting JAK3 enzymatic activity and JAK1/3-mediated cell proliferation. Its selectivity for JAK family kinases is similar to that of tofacitinib, but slightly less potent for JAK2. It is currently being evaluated by the FDA to treat adult patients with moderately to severely active RA who show inadequate response to or are intolerant of methotrexate. It can be used either as monotherapy or combination therapy with methotrexate, or other DMARDs. However, we think that more cautious consideration and measurement for adverse events are needed, after considering the safety results of ongoing clinical studies of peficitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiu
- a Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Qilin Feng
- a Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xueying Tan
- b College of pharmacy , Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College , Ningbo , China
| | - Mingxing Guo
- c Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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Solouki S, August A, Huang W. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in autoimmunity and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:39-50. [PMID: 31082431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by impaired immune tolerance towards self-antigens, leading to enhanced immunity to self by dysfunctional B cells and/or T cells. The activation of these cells is controlled by non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs), which are critical mediators of antigen receptor and cytokine receptor signaling pathways. NRTKs transduce, amplify and sustain activating signals that contribute to autoimmunity, and are counter-regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). The function of and interaction between NRTKs and PTPs during the development of autoimmunity could be key points of therapeutic interference against autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the functions of NRTKs and PTPs involved in B cell receptor (BCR), T cell receptor (TCR), and cytokine receptor signaling pathways that contribute to autoimmunity, and discuss their targeting for therapeutic approaches against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Solouki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Lu X, Qian J. Downregulated MEG3 participates in rheumatoid arthritis via promoting proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1637-1642. [PMID: 30783431 PMCID: PMC6364183 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its underlying mechanism were explored. Synovial tissues from 10 RA patients and 10 controls were collected to detect MEG3 expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). The relationship between MEG3 expression and TNF-α was analyzed. After MEG3 knockdown by lentivirus transfection, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and secretion of inflammatory factors were detected. Furthermore, the effect of MEG3 on STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways was explored. MEG3 was downregulated in RA patients, and exogenous TNF-α treatment could decrease MEG3 expression. After transfection with lentivirus, downregulated MEG3 led to FLS proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, improved the invasive ability and inhibited apoptosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results revealed that downregulated MEG3 increased the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9. Western blotting results showed that downregulated MEG3 activated STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways. Downregulated MEG3 was able to promote proliferation and invasion, and inhibit apoptosis of FLS via STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Feng H, Du J, Sun J, Li D, Hasegawa T, Amizuka N, Li M. Aspirin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation by blocking G0/G1 into S phase in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via downregulation of JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3135-3148. [PMID: 30221683 PMCID: PMC6202076 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a commonly occurring autoimmune disease. Its defining pathological characteristic is the excessive proliferation of fibroblast‑like synoviocytes (FLS), which is similar to tumor cells and results in a range of clinical problems. As a commonly used antipyretic, analgesic and anti‑inflammatory drug, aspirin is the first‑line treatment for RA. However, its mechanism of action has not been well explained. The goal is to investigate the biological effects of aspirin on primary RA‑FLS and its underlying mechanisms. In this experiment we treated cells with various concentrations of aspirin (0, DMSO, 1, 2, 5, 10 mM). Cell proliferation activity was detected with CCK‑8 assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected via flow cytometry. Apoptosis and cell cycle‑associated proteins (Bcl‑2, Bax, PRAP1, Cyclin D1, P21), as well as the key proteins and their phosphorylation levels of the NF‑κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways, were detected via western blot analysis. Bioinformatics prediction revealed that aspirin was closely associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis, including the p53 and NF‑κB signaling pathways. By stimulating with aspirin, cell viability decreased, while the proportion of apoptotic cells increased, and the number of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase increased in a dose‑dependent manner. The expression of Bax increased with aspirin stimulation, while the levels of Bcl‑2, PRAP1, Cyclin D1 and P21 decreased; p‑STAT3, p‑P65 and p‑50 levels also decreased while STAT3, P65, P50, p‑P105 and P105 remained unchanged. From our data, it can be concluded that aspirin is able to promote apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of RA‑FLS through blocking the JAK/STAT3 and NF‑κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 063‑0000, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 063‑0000, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
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Ha YJ, Choi YS, Han DW, Kang EH, Yoo IS, Kim JH, Kang SW, Lee EY, Song YW, Lee YJ. PIM-1 kinase is a novel regulator of proinflammatory cytokine-mediated responses in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 58:154-164. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Han
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Seol Yoo
- Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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37
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Novel Anti-arthritic Mechanisms of Polydatin in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats: Involvement of IL-6, STAT-3, IL-17, and NF-кB. Inflammation 2018; 41:1974-1986. [PMID: 29982962 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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38
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Kamel KM, Gad AM, Mansour SM, Safar MM, Fawzy HM. Novel Anti-arthritic Mechanisms of Polydatin in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats: Involvement of IL-6, STAT-3, IL-17, and NF-кB. Inflammation 2018. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-018-0841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Aberrant phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein of the CD4+ T cells in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2018; 29:458-464. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Transcriptional signature associated with early rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals at high risk to develop the disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194205. [PMID: 29584756 PMCID: PMC5870959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying the loss of tolerance in the early and preclinical stages of autoimmune diseases. The aim of this work was to identify the transcriptional profile and signaling pathways associated to non-treated early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and subjects at high risk. Several biomarker candidates for early RA are proposed. Methods Whole blood total RNA was obtained from non-treated early RA patients with <1 year of evolution as well as from healthy first-degree relatives of patients with RA (FDR) classified as ACCP+ and ACCP- according to their antibodies serum levels against cyclic citrullinated peptides. Complementary RNA (cRNA) was synthetized and hybridized to high-density microarrays. Data was analyzed in Genespring Software and functional categories were assigned to a specific transcriptome identified in subjects with RA and FDR ACCP positive. Specific signaling pathways for genes associated to RA were identified. Gene expression was evaluated by qPCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate these genes as biomarkers. Results A characteristic transcriptome of 551 induced genes and 4,402 repressed genes were identified in early RA patients. Bioinformatics analysis of the data identified a specific transcriptome in RA patients. Moreover, some overlapped transcriptional profiles between patients with RA and ACCP+ were identified, suggesting an up-regulated distinctive transcriptome from the preclinical stages up to progression to an early RA state. A total of 203 pathways have up-regulated genes that are shared between RA and ACCP+. Some of these genes show potential to be used as progression biomarkers for early RA with area under the curve of ROC > 0.92. These genes come from several functional categories associated to inflammation, Wnt signaling and type I interferon pathways. Conclusion The presence of a specific transcriptome in whole blood of RA patients suggests the activation of a specific inflammatory transcriptional signature in early RA development. The set of overexpressed genes in early RA patients that are shared with ACCP+ subjects but not with ACCP- subjects, can represent a transcriptional signature involved with the transition of a preclinical to a clinical RA stage. Some of these particular up-regulated and down-regulated genes are related to inflammatory processes and could be considered as biomarker candidates for disease progression in subjects at risk to develop RA.
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Signalling pathways identified in salivary glands from primary Sjögren's syndrome patients reveal enhanced adipose tissue development. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:135-146. [PMID: 29504848 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1446525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is the destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands mediated by mononuclear cell infiltration. Adipocytes can also occupy a large portion of the salivary gland (SG) tissue area, although little is known about their significance in pSS. We have previously investigated adipose tissue infiltration in SG biopsies from pSS patients and non-SS sicca controls. Our findings indicated the distinct incidence of adipose tissue replacement in pSS patients, where adipocytes were detected in interleukin (IL) 6 rich regions. We now aimed to examine the development of adipocytes in the SG microenvironment, and delineate their possible involvement in immune reactions. A microarray analysis was performed on SG from 6 pSS patients and 6 non-SS controls, where the expression levels of genes involved in adipose tissue development, inflammatory responses, and lymphoma development were assessed. Real-time PCR was carried out on SG from 14 pSS patients and 15 non-SS controls to account for IL6, IL10, and IL17 mRNA levels. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen SG tissue using IL17 was also conducted. Our results indicate signalling pathways identified in SG of pSS patients displayed genes leading to prominent adipose tissue development and reduced mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (ARID5B, OXCT1, BDH1, SOX8, HMGCS2, FTO, ECHS1, PCCA, ACADL and ACADVL), inflammatory responses (IL1R1, IL7R, IL10RA, IL15, IL18RAP, CCL2, CCL5, CCL22, CXCR6, CD14, and CD48), and lymphoma development via JAK-STAT signalling (STAT2, TYK2, EBI3, FAS, TNFRSF1B, MAP3K8, HMOX1, LTB, TNF, STAT1, and BAK1). Genes involved in interferon production and signalling were also detected (IRF1, IRF9, and IRF7), in addition to IL6, IL10, and IL17. Higher mRNA levels of IL6, IL17 and IL10 were observed in the SG of pSS patients compared to controls. Moreover, IL17 positive cells were detected mostly interstitially in the SG and around adipocytes, also within the focal infiltrates. In conclusion, adipocyte development seems to be more prominent in the SG of pSS patients, where adipose tissue replacement is also evident. Whether this is due to disease progression, or the repair process, remains to be investigated. Detection of IL17 positive adipocytes in the target organ suggests their involvement in immune reactions.
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Xu S, Xiao Y, Zeng S, Zou Y, Qiu Q, Huang M, Zhan Z, Liang L, Yang X, Xu H. Piperlongumine inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:233-243. [PMID: 29119225 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have indicated that piperlongumine (PLM) may exert anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we determined the effect of PLM on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (referred to herein as RA FLS). We further explored the mechanisms by which the studied compound inhibits the functions of RA FLS. METHODS RA FLS viability and apoptosis were tested using MTT and Annexin V/PI assays, respectively. We performed an EDU assay to examine the proliferation of RA FLS. The migration and invasion of these cells were measured using a transwell chamber method and wound closure assay. The MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 levels in the culture supernatants of RA FLS were detected using a Luminex Assay kit. The intracellular ROS levels were detected using DCFH-DA. The expression levels of signal transduction proteins were measured using western blot. RESULTS We found that PLM induced apoptosis in RA FLS at concentrations of 15 and 20 μM. The proliferation of RA FLS was downregulated by PLM at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM. Migration and invasion of RA FLS were reduced by PLM at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM. PLM also inhibited cytoskeletal reorganization in migrating RA FLS and decreased TNF-α-induced intracellular ROS production. Moreover, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of PLM on activation of the p38, JNK, NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PLM can inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion of RA FLS. Moreover, these data suggests that PLM might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yaoyao Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Mingcheng Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhongping Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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朱 俊, 王 然, 陈 世, 赵 迪, 李 娟. [Interleukin?22 promotes proliferation of fibroblast?like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis by inducing STAT3 phosphorylation]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1570-1576. [PMID: 29292247 PMCID: PMC6744018 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the mechanism by which interleukin?22 (IL?22) promotes the proliferation of fibroblast?like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS FLS were isolated from the synovial tissues of patients with RA and identified by immunohistochemistry for vimentin/CD68. The cells were subcultured and incubated with different concentrations of IL?22 for 24, 48, or 72 h, and their proliferation was examined using MTT assay. After treatment of the cells with IL?22 and AG490, alone or in combination, the expressions of the total and phosphorylated proteins of STAT3, ERK1/2 and P38 were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS IL?22 significantly increased the proliferation of FLS in a dose?dependent manner (P<0.05). The total protein of STAT3 in the cells showed no significant changes with extended time of IL?22 treatment (P=0.68), but the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 protein increased significantly (P<0.001). The total and phosphorylated proteins of ERK1/2 and P38 underwent no significant changes after IL?22 treatment (P>0.05). A combined treatment with 50 ng/mL IL?22 and 100 µmol/L AG490 resulted in a significant decrease in the proliferation of FLS as compared with IL?22 treatment alone (P<0.01). CONCLUSION IL?22 can dose?dependently promote the proliferation of FLS from patients with RA by inducing phosphorylation of STAT3 protein but not through ERK1/2 or P38 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 俊卿 朱
- 南方医科大学 南方医院,广东 广州 510515Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 然 王
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院,广东 广州 510515College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 世贤 陈
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院,广东 广州 510515College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 迪 赵
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院,广东 广州 510515College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 娟 李
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院,广东 广州 510515College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Khanna S, Jaiswal KS, Gupta B. Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis with Dietary Interventions. Front Nutr 2017; 4:52. [PMID: 29167795 PMCID: PMC5682732 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-help by means of dietary interventions can help in management of various disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a debilitating autoimmune disease. Dietary interventions necessitate a widespread appeal for both patients as well as clinicians due to factors including affordability, accessibility, and presence of scientific evidences that demonstrate substantial benefits in reducing disease symptoms such as pain, joint stiffness, swelling, tenderness and associated disability with disease progression. However, there is still an uncertainty among the community about the therapeutic benefits of dietary manipulations for RA. In the present review, we provide an account of different diets and their possible molecular mechanism of actions inducing observed therapeutic benefits for remission and management of RA. We further indicate food that can be a potential aggravating factor for the disease or may help in symptomatic relief. We thereafter summarize and thereby discuss various diets and food which help in reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines in RA patients that may play an effective role in management of RA following proper patient awareness. We thus would like to promote diet management as a tool that can both supplement and complement present treatment strategies for a better patient health and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Khanna
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kumar Sagar Jaiswal
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Wang Y, Zhou C, Gao H, Li C, Li D, Liu P, Huang M, Shen X, Liu L. Therapeutic effect of Cryptotanshinone on experimental rheumatoid arthritis through downregulating p300 mediated-STAT3 acetylation. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:119-129. [PMID: 28522406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The balance between T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells, plays a critical role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The differentiation of Th17 cells requires the activation of STAT3, which determines the balance of Th17/Treg. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of Cryptotanshinone (CTS) on collagen induced mouse arthritis and explored the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Arthritis was induced in DBA/1 mice with bovine collagen type II and complete Freund's adjuvant. CTS was given at 20mgkg-1d-1 or 60mgkg-1d-1 by gavage for 6weeks. The immuno-inflammation and joint destruction were evaluated and the balance of Th17/Treg was determined. STAT3 acetylation and phosphorylation were detected by western blotting, and the involvement of p300 was investigated by siRNA and plasmid overexpression. KEY RESULTS CTS at a dose of 60mgkg-1d-1 ameliorated the inflammation and joint destruction in CIA mice. It improved Th17/Treg imbalance, and inhibited both acetylation and phosphorylation of STAT3. CTS reduced p300 expression and its binding to STAT3, but increased phosphorylated AMPK. Knockdown of p300 mimicked the inhibitory effect of CTS on STAT3 acetylation and phosphorylation, which could be partially rescued by overexpression of p300-WT, but not p300-dominant negative (DN) construct. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study suggested that the anti-arthritis effects of CTS were attained through suppression of p300-mediated STAT3 acetylation. Our data suggest that CTS might be a potential immune modulator for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuixian Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Zhao M, Li Y, Xiao W. Anti-apoptotic effect of interleukin-22 on fibroblast-like synoviocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is mediated via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:214-224. [PMID: 27493089 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Inadequate apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) plays a crucial role in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a novel member of the cytokine network that has been found to be involved in the immunological process underlying RA. In this study, we investigated the effect of IL-22 on the survival of RA-FLS from RA patients and examined the possible mechanism to determine new therapeutic strategies for RA. METHODS FLS obtained from patients with RA were cultured in vitro and treated with sodium nitroprussiate (SNP) to induce apoptosis in the presence or absence of IL-22. RA-FLS viability was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RA-FLS apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V/propidium iodide staining (AV/PI). The levels of IL-22R1, pSTAT3-Y705, pSTAT3-S727, total STAT3, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS IL-22R1 was expressed on RA-FLS. IL-22 pretreatment at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 ng/mL increased RA-FLS viability and prevented SNP-induced apoptosis. Treatment with the STAT3 inhibitors, HO3867 or STA21, reversed the protective effect of IL-22 on SNP-induced apoptosis of RA-FLS. IL-22-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3-Y705 and pSTAT3-S727) was increased in RA-FLS. Also IL-22 increased Bcl-2 expression in SNP-treated RA-FLS, and the effect was reversed by treatment with HO3867 or STA21. CONCLUSION IL-22 protects against SNP-induced apoptosis in RA-FLS by activating the STAT3 pathway and the downstream target gene, Bcl-2. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target the IL-22/STAT3 pathway are implicated as candidates for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yishuo Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiguo Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Yang Y, Dong Q, Li R. Matrine induces the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from rats with collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:307-316. [PMID: 28035365 PMCID: PMC5358712 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of apoptosis-resistant rheumatoid synovial tissue cells has been related to constitutively active Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The excessive proliferation and inherent resistance to apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is an important mechanism by which RA originates. However, the effects of matrine on FLS in RA is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of matrine in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The CIA model was established using bovine type II collagen. FLS were isolated from control and CIA rats, cultured in vitro, and confirmed to harbor fibroblast-like characteristics. After treatment of FLS with varying concentrations of matrine, the JAK2 inhibitor AG490, or a combination of both drugs, cell proliferation, apoptosis rate, expression of apoptotic markers and the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway were assessed. Additionally, CIA rats were administered either matrine or methotrexate by oral gavage to examine the effects of therapeutic intervention on arthritis pathogenesis. The arthritis index (AI) was measured and ankle joint structure was analyzed histologically to determine the severity of CIA. Furthermore, expression levels of apoptotic markers and members of the JAK/STAT family were also examined in vivo. Compared with the CIA group, matrine reduced AI and improved ankle pathology. Matrine also inhibited FLS proliferation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and increased the rate of apoptosis in vitro. The effects of matrine on apoptosis induction were further confirmed by observations that Bcl-2 levels were decreased, whereas Bax and caspase-3 levels were increased in the matrine-treated synovial tissues and FLS. Finally, matrine treatment also diminished the phosphorylation, and hence activation of JAK2, STAT1 and STAT3. Our results suggest that matrine induces the apop-tosis of FLS from rats with CIA by inhibiting activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Yang
- Department of the Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiumei Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010000, P.R. China
| | - Rongheng Li
- Department of the Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Li SM, Yu YH, Li L, Wang WF, Li DS. Treatment of CIA Mice with FGF21 Down-regulates TH17-IL-17 Axis. Inflammation 2016; 39:309-319. [PMID: 26424095 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, FGF21 was reported to play an important role in anti-inflammation. The aim of the study is to explore the mechanism for FGF21 alleviating inflammation of CIA. CIA mice were injected with FGF21 once a day for 28 days after first booster immunization. The results showed that FGF21 alleviates arthritis severity and decreases serum anti-CII antibodies levels in CIA mice. Compared with CIA model, the number of the splenic TH17 cells was significantly decreased in FGF21-treated mice. FGF21 treatment reduced the mRNA expression of IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP3 and increased level of IL-10 in the spleen tissue. The expression of STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 was suppressed in FGF21-treated group. The mRNA expression of RORγt and IL-23 also decreased. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the beneficial effects of FGF21 on CIA mice were achieved by down-regulating Th17-IL-17 axis through STAT3/RORγt pathway. Modulating of Th17-mediated inflammatory response may be one of the mechanisms for FGF21 attenuating inflammation in CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Li
- Harbin University of Commerce, No. 1 Xuehai Street Songbei Distric, 150028, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. .,School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street Xiangfang Distric, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yin-Hang Yu
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street Xiangfang Distric, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street Xiangfang Distric, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Fei Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street Xiangfang Distric, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - De-Shan Li
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street Xiangfang Distric, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Son DJ, Kim DH, Nah SS, Park MH, Lee HP, Han SB, Venkatareddy U, Gann B, Rodriguez K, Burt SR, Ham YW, Jung YY, Hong JT. Novel synthetic (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol inhibits arthritis by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36852. [PMID: 27845373 PMCID: PMC5109275 DOI: 10.1038/srep36852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severely debilitating chronic autoimmune disease that leads to long-term joint damage. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-targeted small molecules have shown promise as therapeutic drugs for treating RA. We previously identified (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (BHPB), a tyrosine-fructose Maillard reaction product, as a small molecule with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties, mediated through the inhibition of STAT3 activation. The aim of this study was to develop a novel BHPH derivative with improved anti-arthritic properties and drug-likeness. We designed and synthesised (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP), a novel synthetic BHPB analogue, and investigated its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities in experimentally-induced RA. We showed that MMPP strongly inhibited pro-inflammatory responses by inhibiting in vitro STAT3 activation and its downstream signalling in murine macrophages and human synoviocytes from patients with RA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MMPP exhibited potent anti-arthritic activity in a collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse model in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that MMPP has great potential for use in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
| | - Seong-Su Nah
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
| | - Udumula Venkatareddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA
| | - Benjamin Gann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA
| | - Kevin Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, 800 W University Pkwy, Orem, UT 84058, USA
| | - Scott R. Burt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, 800 W University Pkwy, Orem, UT 84058, USA
| | - Yu Yeon Jung
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gwangyang Health Sciences University, Gwnagyang, Jeonnam 57764, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
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Liang XJ, Guo YC, Sun TY, Song HR, Gao YX. Anti-angiogenic effect of total saponins of Rhizoma Dioscorea nipponica on collagen induced-arthritis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2155-2160. [PMID: 27698704 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune and incurable disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the total saponins of Rhizoma Dioscorea nipponica (TSRDN) in RA. A collagen induced-arthritis (CIA) rat model was established. CIA rats were randomly divided into three groups and lavaged with an equal volume of solvent (CIA group), TSRDN (25 mg/kg/day, RDN group) and tripterygium (TP; 12 mg/kg/day, TP group) for 21 days, respectively. Normal rats served as a control group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histopathological injury of synovial tissues. The level of CD31, which used for marking and counting, micro vessel density (MVD) and the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. Additionally, the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was determined using an ELISA kit. HE staining showed obvious synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, pannus formation, cartilage and bone erosion in the CIA group rats. In addition, compared with control group, the level of MVD, the expression of VEGF and STAT3, and the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB were all increased in CIA group rat synovial tissue (all P<0.01); however, TSRDN or tripterygium were able to inhibit these changes (all P<0.01). It was speculated that TSRDN may prevent angiogenesis by inhibiting the expression of STAT3 and the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65, thereby potentially improving CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jun Liang
- Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Chun Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Tong-You Sun
- Center of Radiation and Chemotherapy, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ru Song
- Department of Immunology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Xian Gao
- Department of Immunology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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