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Liang Q, Vlaar EC, Catalano F, Pijnenburg JM, Stok M, van Helsdingen Y, Vulto AG, Unger WW, van der Ploeg AT, Pijnappel WP, van Til NP. Lentiviral gene therapy prevents anti-human acid α-glucosidase antibody formation in murine Pompe disease. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:520-532. [PMID: 35662813 PMCID: PMC9127119 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the current standard treatment for Pompe disease, a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). ERT has shown to be lifesaving in patients with classic infantile Pompe disease. However, a major drawback is the development of neutralizing antibodies against ERT. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell-mediated lentiviral gene therapy (HSPC-LVGT) provides a novel, potential lifelong therapy with a single intervention and may induce immune tolerance. Here, we investigated whether ERT can be safely applied as additional or alternative therapy following HSPC-LVGT in a murine model of Pompe disease. We found that lentiviral expression at subtherapeutic dose was sufficient to induce tolerance to the transgene product, as well as to subsequently administered ERT. Immune tolerance was established within 4–6 weeks after gene therapy. The mice tolerated ERT doses up to 100 mg/kg, allowing ERT to eliminate glycogen accumulation in cardiac and skeletal muscle and normalizing locomotor function. The presence of HSPC-derived cells expressing GAA in the thymus suggested the establishment of central immune tolerance. These findings demonstrate that lentiviral gene therapy in murine Pompe disease induced robust and long-term immune tolerance to GAA either expressed by a transgene or supplied as ERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Liang
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva C. Vlaar
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabio Catalano
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joon M. Pijnenburg
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Stok
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Helsdingen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold G. Vulto
- Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy W.J. Unger
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ans T. van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W.W.M. Pim Pijnappel
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author W.W.M. Pim Pijnappel, PhD, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Niek P. van Til
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Chen Y, Luo X, Schroeder JA, Chen J, Baumgartner CK, Hu J, Shi Q. Immune tolerance induced by platelet-targeted factor VIII gene therapy in hemophilia A mice is CD4 T cell mediated. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1994-2004. [PMID: 28799202 PMCID: PMC5630523 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The immune response is a significant concern in gene therapy. Platelet-targeted gene therapy can restore hemostasis and induce immune tolerance. CD4 T cell compartment is tolerized after platelet gene therapy. Preconditioning regimen affects immune tolerance induction in platelet gene therapy. SUMMARY Background Immune responses are a major concern in gene therapy. Our previous studies demonstrated that platelet-targeted factor VIII (FVIII) (2bF8) gene therapy together with in vivo drug selection of transduced cells can rescue the bleeding diathesis and induce immune tolerance in FVIIInull mice. Objective To investigate whether non-selectable 2bF8 lentiviral vector (LV) for the induction of platelet-FVIII expression is sufficient to induce immune tolerance and how immune tolerance is induced after 2bF8LV gene therapy. Methods Platelet-FVIII expression was introduced by 2bF8LV transduction and transplantation. FVIII assays and tail bleeding tests were used to confirm the success of platelet gene therapy. Animals were challenged with rhF8 to explore if immune tolerance was induced after gene therapy. Treg cell analysis, T-cell proliferation assay and memory B-cell-mediated ELISPOT assay were used to investigate the potential mechanisms of immune tolerance. Results We showed that platelet-FVIII expression was sustained and the bleeding diathesis was restored in FVIIInull mice after 2bF8LV gene therapy. None of the transduced recipients developed anti-FVIII inhibitory antibodies in the groups preconditioned with 660 cGy irradiation or busulfan plus ATG treatment even after rhF8 challenge. Treg cells significantly increased in 2bF8LV-transduced recipients and the immune tolerance developed was transferable. CD4+ T cells from treated animals failed to proliferate in response to rhF8 re-stimulation, but memory B cells could differentiate into antibody secreting cells in 2bF8LV-transduced recipients. Conclusion 2bF8LV gene transfer without in vivo selection of manipulated cells can introduce immune tolerance in hemophilia A mice and this immune tolerance is CD4+ T cell mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - X Luo
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - J A Schroeder
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - C K Baumgartner
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Q Shi
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- MACC Fund Research Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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3
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Martinet J, Bourdenet G, Meliani A, Jean L, Adriouch S, Cohen JL, Mingozzi F, Boyer O. Induction of Hematopoietic Microchimerism by Gene-Modified BMT Elicits Antigen-Specific B and T Cell Unresponsiveness toward Gene Therapy Products. Front Immunol 2016; 7:360. [PMID: 27695454 PMCID: PMC5023671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy is a promising treatment option for hemophilia and other protein deficiencies. However, immune responses against the transgene product represent an obstacle to safe and effective gene therapy, urging for the implementation of tolerization strategies. Induction of a hematopoietic chimerism via bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a potent means for inducing immunological tolerance in solid organ transplantation. OBJECTIVES We reasoned, here, that the same viral vector could be used, first, to transduce BM cells for inducing chimerism-associated transgene-specific immune tolerance and, second, for correcting protein deficiencies by vector-mediated systemic production of the deficient coagulation factor. METHODS Evaluation of strategies to induce B and T cell tolerance was performed using ex vivo gene transfer with lentiviral (LV) vectors encoding coagulation factor IX (FIX) or the SIINFEKL epitope of ovalbumin. Following induction of microchimerism via BMT, animals were challenged with in vivo gene transfer with LV vectors. RESULTS The experimental approach prevented humoral immune response against FIX, resulting in persistence of therapeutic levels of circulating FIX, after LV-mediated gene transfer in vivo. In an ovalbumin model, we also demonstrated that this approach effectively tolerized the CD8+ T cell compartment in an antigen-specific manner. CONCLUSION These results provide the proof-of-concept that inducing a microchimerism by gene-modified BMT is a powerful tool to provide transgene-specific B and T cell tolerance in a gene therapy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Martinet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
| | - Gwladys Bourdenet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
| | - Amine Meliani
- U974, INSERM, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Laetitia Jean
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
| | | | - Federico Mingozzi
- U974, INSERM, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Pathophysiology and Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, CHU Rouen , Rouen , France
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Lu L, Zhang G, Li R, Zhao Z, Li W, Liu T, Fu W. Molecular Chimeric Recipient Precursor T Cells Promote Cardiac Allograft Survival in Mice. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:2978-84. [PMID: 26707325 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular chimerism has become a potential method to induce donor-specific transplant tolerance. We researched the prolongation of cardiac allograft survival by recipient mouse molecular chimeric precursor T cells (pre-T cells) or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) infusion in vivo. METHODS The donor C57BL/6 mouse MHC-I gene (H-2K(b) and H-2D(b) gene) were amplified by RT-PCR. The identified recipient BALB/c mouse pre-T cells and HSCs were transduced by the pMSCVneo retroviral vector of C57BL/6 mouse MHC-I gene (pMSCVneo-H-2D(b)/H-2K(b)). Then the molecular chimeric cells were transfused back to the BALB/c mice. Allogeneic T-lymphocyte proliferation was assessed in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). A mouse model of heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation was performed to evaluate survival times and histological grade of acute rejection at 7 days after transplantation. RESULTS BALB/c mice molecular chimeric pre-T cells and HSCs were cultured successfully after pMSCV-H-2D(b)/H-2K(b) transduction. After the molecular chimeric pre-T cell treatment, the result of MLR showed that the stimulating index of allogeneic T lymphocyte had a statistically significant decrease, which also exhibited a significant reduction after molecular chimeric HSC treatment. The survival time of cardiac allograft was prolonged after chimeric pre-T cell or HSC infusion; meanwhile, pathologic rejection grade decreased significantly. Nevertheless, molecular chimeric pre-T cells exhibited a longer median survival time. CONCLUSION The molecular chimeric recipient mouse pre-T cell or HSC infusion reduced spleen T cells' response to allogeneic T cells in vitro and delayed cardiac allograft rejection in vivo. Pre-T cells have more advantages than HSCs on the prolongation of mouse cardiac allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - R Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - W Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - T Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - W Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Gattringer M, Baranyi U, Pilat N, Hock K, Klaus C, Buchberger E, Ramsey H, Iacomini J, Valenta R, Wekerle T. Engraftment of retrovirally transduced Bet v 1-GFP expressing bone marrow cells leads to allergen-specific tolerance. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1139-46. [PMID: 23623394 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chimerism is a promising strategy to induce tolerance to disease-causing antigens expressed on genetically modified haematopoietic stem cells. The approach was employed successfully in models of autoimmunity and organ transplantation. Recently, we demonstrated that molecular chimerism induces robust and lasting tolerance towards the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. Since allergens are a group of antigens differing widely in their function, origin and structure we further examined the effectiveness of molecular chimerism using the Phl p 5-unrelated major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, co-expressed with the reporter GFP. Besides, inhibition of CD26 was used to promote engraftment of modified stem cells. Retrovirus VSV-Betv1-GFP was generated to transduce 5-FU-mobilized BALB/c hematopoietic cells to express membrane-bound Bet v 1 (VSV-GFP virus was used as control). Myeloablated BALB/c mice received Betv1-GFP or GFP expressing bone marrow cells, pre-treated with a CD26 inhibitor. Chimerism was followed by flow cytometry. Tolerance was assessed by measuring allergen-specific isotype levels in sera, RBL assays and T-cell proliferation assays. Mice transplanted with transduced BMC developed multi-lineage molecular chimerism which remained stable long-term (>8 months). After repeated immunizations with Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 serum levels of Bet v 1-specific antibodies (IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3 and IgA) remained undetectable in Betv1-GFP chimeras while high levels of Phl p 5-specific antibodies developed. Likewise, basophil degranulation was induced in response to Phl p 5 but not to Bet v 1 and specific non-responsiveness to Bet v 1 was observed in proliferation assays. These data demonstrate successful tolerization towards Bet v 1 by molecular chimerism. Stable long-term chimerism was achieved under inhibition of CD26. These results provide evidence for the broad applicability of molecular chimerism as tolerance strategy in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gattringer
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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6
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Baranyi U, Pilat N, Gattringer M, Linhart B, Klaus C, Schwaiger E, Iacomini J, Valenta R, Wekerle T. Persistent molecular microchimerism induces long-term tolerance towards a clinically relevant respiratory allergen. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:1282-92. [PMID: 22805476 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of antigen-specific preventive strategies is a challenging goal in IgE-mediated allergy. We have recently shown in proof-of-concept experiments that allergy can be successfully prevented by induction of durable tolerance via molecular chimerism. Transplantation of syngeneic hematopoietic stem cells genetically modified to express the clinically relevant grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 into myeloablated recipients led to high levels of chimerism (i.e. macrochimerism) and completely abrogated Phl p 5-specific immunity despite repeated immunizations with Phl p 5. OBJECTIVE It was unclear, however, whether microchimerism (drastically lower levels of chimerism) would be sufficient as well which would allow development of minimally toxic tolerance protocols. METHODS Bone marrow cells were transduced with recombinant viruses integrating Phl p 5 to be expressed in a membrane-anchored fashion. The syngeneic modified cells were transplanted into non-myeloablated recipients that were subsequently immunized repeatedly with Phl p 5 and Bet v 1 (control). Molecular chimerism was monitored using flow cytometry and PCR. T cell, B-cell and effector-cell tolerance were assessed by allergen-specific proliferation assays, isotype levels in sera and RBL assays. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that transplantation of Phl p 5-expressing bone marrow cells into recipients having received non-myeloablative irradiation resulted in chimerism persisting for the length of follow-up. Chimerism levels, however, declined from transient macrochimerism levels to persistent levels of microchimerism (followed for 11 months). Notably, these chimerism levels were sufficient to induce B-cell tolerance as no Phl p 5-specific IgE and other high affinity isotypes were detectable in sera of chimeric mice. Furthermore, T-cell and effector-cell tolerance were achieved. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Low levels of persistent molecular chimerism are sufficient to induce long-term tolerance in IgE-mediated allergy. These results suggest that it will be possible to develop minimally toxic conditioning regimens sufficient for low level engraftment of genetically modified bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Baranyi
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Jindra PT, Tripathi S, Tian C, Iacomini J, Bagley J. Tolerance to MHC class II disparate allografts through genetic modification of bone marrow. Gene Ther 2012; 20:478-86. [PMID: 22833118 PMCID: PMC3651743 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Induction of molecular chimerism through genetic modification of bone marrow is a powerful tool for the induction of tolerance. Here we demonstrate for the first time that expression of an allogeneic MHC class II gene in autologous bone marrow cells, resulting in a state of molecular chimerism, induces tolerance to MHC class II mismatched skin grafts, a stringent test of transplant tolerance. Reconstitution of recipients with syngeneic bone marrow transduced with retrovirus encoding H-2I-Ab (I-Ab) resulted the long-term expression of the retroviral gene product on the surface of MHC class II-expressing bone marrow derived cell types. Mechanistically, tolerance was maintained by the presence of regulatory T cells, which prevented proliferation and cytokine production by alloreactive host T cells. Thus, the introduction of MHC class II genes into bone marrow derived cells through genetic engineering results in tolerance. These results have the potential to extend the clinical applicability of molecular chimerism for tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Jindra
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zakas PM, Spencer HT, Doering CB. Engineered Hematopoietic Stem Cells as Therapeutics for Hemophilia A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1. [PMID: 25383239 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.s1-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Zakas
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University
| | - H Trent Spencer
- Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher B Doering
- Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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9
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Alderuccio F, Nasa Z, Chung J, Ko HJ, Chan J, Toh BH. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy as a Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1488-94. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Alderuccio
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zeyad Nasa
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jieyu Chung
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyun-Ja Ko
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Chan
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Department of Immunology, Monash Central Clinical School, and ‡Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Baranyi U, Gattringer M, Valenta R, Wekerle T. Cell-based therapy in allergy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 352:161-79. [PMID: 21598105 DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergy is an immunological disorder occurring in response to otherwise harmless environmental antigens (i.e., allergens). Development of effective therapeutic or preventive approaches inducing robust tolerance toward allergens remains an unmet goal. Several experimental tolerance approaches have been described. The therapeutic use of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the establishment of molecular chimerism are two cell-based strategies that are of particular interest. Treg therapy is close to clinical application, but its efficacy remains to be fully defined. Recent proof-of-concept studies demonstrated that transplantation of syngeneic hematopoietic stem cells modified in vitro to express a major allergen leads to molecular chimerism and robust allergen-specific tolerance. Here we review cell-based tolerance strategies in allergy, discussing their potentials and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Baranyi
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Ide LM, Iwakoshi NN, Gangadharan B, Jobe S, Moot R, McCarty D, Doering CB, Spencer HT. Functional aspects of factor VIII expression after transplantation of genetically-modified hematopoietic stem cells for hemophilia A. J Gene Med 2010; 12:333-44. [PMID: 20209485 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major complications with respect to the development of gene therapy treatments for hemophilia A include low factor VIII (fVIII) expression and humoral immune responses resulting in inhibitory anti-fVIII antibodies. We previously achieved sustained curative fVIII activity levels in hemophilia A mice after nonmyeloablative transplantation of genetically-modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) encoding a B-domain deleted porcine fVIII (BDDpfVIII) transgene with no evidence of an immune response. METHODS Mouse HSCs were transduced using MSCV-based recombinant virus encoding BDDpfVIII and transplanted into hemophilia A mice. Transplanted mice were followed for donor cell engraftment, fVIII expression and activity, and generation of anti-fVIII immune response. RESULTS We now show that: (i) the protein expressed by hematopoietic cells has a specific activity similar to that of purified protein; (ii) BDDpfVIII expressed from hematopoietic cells effectively induces thrombus formation, which is shown using a new method of in vivo analysis of fVIII function; (iii) naïve and pre-immunized mice receiving HSC gene therapy are nonresponsive to challenges with recombinant human fVIII; (iv) nonresponsiveness is not broken after stringent challenges with BDDpfVIII; and (v) T cells from these mice are unresponsive to BDDpfVIII presentation. Furthermore, stem cells isolated from donors with high titer anti-human fVIII antibodies show no defects in donor cell engraftment or the ability to express BDDpfVIII. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HSC gene therapy can be an effective alternative treatment for individuals with hemophilia A and may benefit patients by inducing immunological nonresponsiveness to fVIII replacement products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne M Ide
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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12
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Tian C, Yuan X, Jindra PT, Bagley J, Sayegh MH, Iacomini J. Induction of transplantation tolerance to fully mismatched cardiac allografts by T cell mediated delivery of alloantigen. Clin Immunol 2010; 136:174-87. [PMID: 20452826 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Induction of transplantation tolerance has the potential to allow for allograft acceptance without the need for life-long immunosuppression. Here we describe a novel approach that uses delivery of alloantigen by mature T cells to induce tolerance to fully allogeneic cardiac grafts. Adoptive transfer of mature alloantigen-expressing T cells into myeloablatively conditioned mice results in long-term acceptance of fully allogeneic heart transplants without evidence of chronic rejection. Since myeloablative conditioning is clinically undesirable we further demonstrated that adoptive transfer of mature alloantigen-expressing T cells alone into mice receiving non-myeloablative conditioning resulted in long-term acceptance of fully allogeneic heart allografts with minimal evidence of chronic rejection. Mechanistically, tolerance induction involved both deletion of donor-reactive host T cells and the development of regulatory T cells. Thus, delivery of alloantigen by mature T cells induces tolerance to fully allogeneic organ allografts in non-myeloablatively conditioned recipients, representing a novel approach for tolerance induction in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Tian
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Alderuccio F, Chan J, Scott DW, Toh BH. Gene therapy and bone marrow stem-cell transfer to treat autoimmune disease. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:344-51. [PMID: 19665432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment of human autoimmune disease by autologous bone marrow stem-cell transfer is hampered by frequent disease relapses. This is most probably owing to re-emergent self-reactive lymphocytes. Gene therapy combined with bone marrow stem cells has successfully introduced genes lacking in immunodeficiences. Because the bone marrow compartment has a key role in establishing immune tolerance, this combination strategy should offer a rational approach to prevent re-emergent self-reactive lymphocytes by establishing solid, life-long immune tolerance to causative self-antigen. Indeed, we have recently demonstrated the success of this combination approach to prevent and cure an experimental autoimmune disease. We suggest that this combination strategy has the potential for translation to treat human autoimmune diseases in which causative self-antigens are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Alderuccio
- Department of Immunology, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3181, Australia.
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14
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Alderuccio F, Chan J, Toh BH. Tweaking the immune system: Gene therapy-assisted autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a treatment for autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity 2009; 41:679-85. [DOI: 10.1080/08916930802197123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Douillard-Guilloux G, Richard E, Batista L, Caillaud C. Partial phenotypic correction and immune tolerance induction to enzyme replacement therapy after hematopoietic stem cell gene transfer of α-glucosidase in Pompe disease. J Gene Med 2009; 11:279-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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16
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Eixarch H, Espejo C, Gómez A, Mansilla MJ, Castillo M, Mildner A, Vidal F, Gimeno R, Prinz M, Montalban X, Barquinero J. Tolerance induction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using non-myeloablative hematopoietic gene therapy with autoantigen. Mol Ther 2009; 17:897-905. [PMID: 19277013 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) constitutes a paradigm of antigen (Ag)-specific T cell driven autoimmune diseases. In this study, we transferred bone marrow cells (BMCs) expressing an autoantigen (autoAg), the peptide 40-55 of the myelin oligodendrocytic glycoprotein (MOG(40-55)), to induce preventive and therapeutic immune tolerance in a murine EAE model. Transfer of BMC expressing MOG(40-55) (IiMOG-BMC) into partially myeloablated mice resulted in molecular chimerism and in robust protection from the experimental disease. In addition, in mice with established EAE, transfer of transduced BMC with or without partial myeloablation reduced the clinical and histopathological severity of the disease. In these experiments, improvement was observed even in the absence of engraftment of the transduced hematopoietic cells, probably rejected due to the previous immunization with the autoAg. Splenocytes from mice transplanted with IiMOG-BMC produced significantly higher amounts of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 upon autoAg challenge than those of control animals, suggesting the participation of regulatory cells. Altogether, these results suggest that different tolerogenic mechanisms may be mediating the preventive and the therapeutic effects. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that a cell therapy using BMC expressing an autoAg can induce Ag-specific tolerance and ameliorate established EAE even in a nonmyeloablative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herena Eixarch
- Centre de Teixits i Teràpia Cel.lular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Baranyi U, Linhart B, Pilat N, Gattringer M, Bagley J, Muehlbacher F, Iacomini J, Valenta R, Wekerle T. Tolerization of a type I allergic immune response through transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:8168-75. [PMID: 18523282 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.8168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Allergy represents a hypersensitivity disease that affects >25% of the population in industrialized countries. The underlying type I allergic immune reaction occurs in predisposed atopic individuals in response to otherwise harmless Ags (i.e., allergens) and is characterized by the production of allergen-specific IgE, an allergen-specific T cell response, and the release of biologically active mediators such as histamine from mast cells and basophils. Regimens permanently tolerizing an allergic immune response still need to be developed. We therefore retrovirally transduced murine hematopoietic stem cells to express the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 on their cell membrane. Transplantation of these genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells led to durable multilineage molecular chimerism and permanent immunological tolerance toward the introduced allergen at the B cell, T cell, and effector cell levels. Notably, Phl p 5-specific serum IgE and IgG remained undetectable, and T cell nonresponsiveness persisted throughout follow-up (40 wk). Besides, mediator release was specifically absent in in vitro and in vivo assays. B cell, T cell, and effector cell responses to an unrelated control allergen (Bet v 1) were unperturbed, demonstrating specificity of this tolerance protocol. We thus describe a novel cell-based strategy for the prevention of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Baranyi
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Tian C, Ansari MJI, Paez-Cortez J, Bagley J, Godwin J, Donnarumma M, Sayegh MH, Iacomini J. Induction of robust diabetes resistance and prevention of recurrent type 1 diabetes following islet transplantation by gene therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:6762-9. [PMID: 17982066 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be prevented in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice by reconstitution with autologous hemopoietic stem cells retrovirally transduced with viruses encoding MHC class II I-A beta-chain molecules associated with protection from the disease. In this study we examined whether a blockade of the programmed death-1 (PD-1)-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway, a major pathway known to control diabetes occurrence, could precipitate T1D in young NOD mice following reconstitution with autologous bone marrow retrovirally transduced with viruses encoding protective MHC class II I-A beta-chain molecules. In addition, we examined whether the expression of protective MHC class II alleles in hemopoietic cells could be used to prevent the recurrence of diabetes in mice with pre-existing disease following islet transplantation. Protection from the occurrence of T1D diabetes in young NOD mice by the expression of protective MHC class II I-A beta-chain molecules in bone marrow-derived hemopoietic cells was resistant to induction by PD-1-PD-L1 blockade. Moreover, reconstitution of NOD mice with pre-existing T1D autologous hemopoietic stem cells transduced with viruses encoding protective MHC class II I-A beta-chains allowed for the successful transplantation of syngeneic islets, resulting in the long-term reversal of T1D. Reversal of diabetes was resistant to induction by PD-1-PDL-1 blockade and depletion of CD25(+) T cells. These data suggest that expression of protective MHC class II alleles in bone marrow-derived cells establishes robust self-tolerance to islet autoantigens and is sufficient to prevent the recurrence of autoimmune diabetes following islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Tian
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Werner-Klein M, Dresch C, Marconi P, Brocker T. Transcriptional targeting of B cells for induction of peripheral CD8 T cell tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:7738-46. [PMID: 17548611 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms are in place to neutralize autoimmune CD8 T cells by tolerance induction. Developing self-specific CD8 T cells are eliminated in the thymus by Ag-presenting epithelial and dendritic cells (DCs). However, CD8 T cells escaping thymic central tolerance can also be inactivated by tolerance mechanisms in peripheral organs. In contrast to DCs, the role of B cells in generating CD8 T cell tolerance is not well-characterized. To investigate this question in more detail, we transcriptionally targeted Ag to B cells using B cell-specific retroviral vectors in vivo. Although Ag expression could be detected in B cells of thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen, B cells were unable to induce central tolerance of CD8 thymocytes. In contrast, in peripheral organs, we could identify clonal deletion and functional inhibition (anergy) of CD8 T cells as tolerance-inducing mechanisms. Although Ag expressed by B cells was acquired and cross-presented by DCs, B cells were also sufficient to tolerize CD8 T cells directly. These findings suggest exploitation of B cells for Ag-specific immunotherapy of CD8 T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Werner-Klein
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 31, D-80336 Munich, Germany
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20
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Bagley J, Tian C, Iacomini J. New Approaches to the Prevention of Organ Allograft Rejection and Tolerance Induction. Transplantation 2007; 84:S38-41. [PMID: 17632412 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000269185.28701.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of organ allograft transplantation is dependent on the discovery and clinical application of immunologic strategies to blunt the immune response and prevent graft rejection. It was the discovery of powerful immunotherapeutics such as cyclosporine A and rapamycin that has allowed for the widespread use of organ transplantation to treat organ failure. However, despite the attainment of impressive survival rates 1 year after organ transplantation, a significant number of organ allografts are lost to immune-mediated chronic rejection. Furthermore, significant morbidity and mortality can be associated with the use of currently available immunosuppressive regimens. Thus, the development of novel approaches to prevent of organ allograft rejection remains extremely important. Here we discuss two promising and novel avenues of research. First, the discovery and characterization of naturally occurring immune inhibitory signals have led to recent research aimed at exploiting these pathways to induce peripheral tolerance to alloantigen. Furthermore, we discuss new approaches to the induction of donor-specific tolerance by induction of molecular chimerism and the transfer of alloantigen-expressing mature T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamyn Bagley
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Pree I, Pilat N, Wekerle T. Recent Progress in Tolerance Induction through Mixed Chimerism. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 144:254-66. [PMID: 17596699 DOI: 10.1159/000104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplant recipients require life-long treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Currently available immunosuppression is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, and is ineffective in inhibiting chronic rejection and graft loss. Therefore, a permanent state of donor-specific tolerance remains a primary goal for transplantation research. The induction of mixed hematopoietic chimerism is an attractive concept in this regard. Hematopoietic chimerism modulates the immunologic repertoire by extending the mechanisms of self-tolerance to donor-specific allotolerance. Despite recent progress in developing nontoxic bone marrow transplantation protocols for rodents, translation to large animals has remained difficult. Here, we outline the concept of tolerance via mixed chimerism, and review recent progress and remaining challenges in bringing this approach to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Pree
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Chan J, Clements W, Field J, Nasa Z, Lock P, Yap F, Toh BH, Alderuccio F. Transplantation of bone marrow genetically engineered to express proinsulin II protects against autoimmune insulitis in NOD mice. J Gene Med 2007; 8:1281-90. [PMID: 16989008 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell-dependent autoimmune disease resulting from destructive inflammation (insulitis) of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Transgenic expression of proinsulin II by a MHC class II promoter or transfer of bone marrow from these transgenic mice protects NOD mice from insulitis and diabetes. We assessed the feasibility of gene therapy in the NOD mouse as an approach to treat T1D by ex vivo genetic manipulation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with proinsulin II followed by transfer to recipient mice. METHODS HSCs were isolated from 6-8-week-old NOD female mice and transduced in vitro with retrovirus encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and either proinsulin II or control autoantigen. Additional control groups included mice transferred with non-manipulated bone marrow and mice which did not receive bone marrow transfer. EGFP-sorted or non-sorted HSCs were transferred into pre-conditioned 3-4-week-old female NOD mice and insulitis was assessed 8 weeks post-transfer. RESULTS Chimerism was established in all major lymphoid tissues, ranging from 5-15% in non-sorted bone marrow transplants to 20-45% in EGFP-sorted bone marrow transplants. The incidence and degree of insulitis was significantly reduced in mice receiving proinsulin II bone marrow compared to controls. However, the incidence of sialitis in mice receiving proinsulin II bone marrow and control mice was not altered, indicating protection from insulitis was antigen specific. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that ex vivo genetic manipulation of HSCs to express proinsulin II followed by transplantation to NOD mice can establish molecular chimerism and protect from destructive insulitis in an antigen-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chan
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
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23
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Tian C, Bagley J, Iacomini J. Persistence of antigen is required to maintain transplantation tolerance induced by genetic modification of bone marrow stem cells. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2202-7. [PMID: 16827788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) resulting in a state of molecular chimerism can be used to induce donor-specific tolerance to allografts. However, the requirements for maintaining tolerance in molecular chimeras remain unknown. Here, we examined whether long-term expression of a retrovirally encoded alloantigen in hematopoietic cells is required to maintain donor-specific tolerance in molecular chimeras. To this end, mice were reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow transduced with retroviruses carrying the gene encoding the allogeneic MHC class I molecule Kb. Following induction of molecular chimerism, mice were depleted of cells expressing Kb by administration of the anti-Kb monoclonal antibody Y-3. Mice that were effectively depleted of cells expressing the retrovirally encoded MHC class I antigen rejected Kb disparate skin allografts. In contrast, control molecular chimeras accepted Kb disparate skin allografts indefinitely. These data suggest maintenance of tolerance in molecular chimeras requires long-term expression of retrovirally transduced alloantigen on the progeny of retrovirally transduced HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tian
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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25
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Forman D, Kang ES, Tian C, Paez-Cortez J, Iacomini J. Induction of alloreactive CD4 T cell tolerance in molecular chimeras: a possible role for regulatory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:3410-6. [PMID: 16517709 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.6.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Induction of molecular chimerism following reconstitution of mice with autologous bone marrow cells expressing a retrovirally encoded allogeneic MHC class I Ag results in donor-specific tolerance. To investigate the mechanism by which CD4 T cells that recognize allogeneic MHC class I through the indirect pathway of Ag presentation are rendered tolerant in molecular chimeras, transgenic mice expressing a TCR on CD4 T cells specific for peptides derived from K(b) were used. CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR were detected in mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells transduced with retroviruses carrying the gene encoding H-2K(b), albeit detection was at lower levels than in mice receiving mock-transduced bone marrow. Despite the presence of CD4 T cells expressing an alloreactive TCR, mice receiving H-2K(b)-transduced bone marrow permanently accepted K(b) disparate skin grafts. CD4+CD25+ T cells from mice reconstituted with H-2K(b)-transduced bone marrow prevented rejection of K(b) disparate skin grafts when adoptively transferred into immunodeficient mice along with effector T cells, suggesting that induction of molecular chimerism leads to the generation of donor specific regulatory T cells, which may be involved in preventing alloreactive CD4 T cell responses that lead to rejection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Transplantation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chimera/immunology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Isoantigens/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Immunological
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Daron Forman
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Pichard V, Bellodi-Privato M, Gournay J, Ferry N. Mixed hematopoietic molecular chimerism results in permanent transgene expression from retrovirally transduced hepatocytes in mice. J Gene Med 2006; 8:425-32. [PMID: 16389647 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic immune elimination of transduced hepatocytes may limit gene therapy for inherited liver diseases. Using beta-galactosidase as a marker gene, we studied whether creation of mixed beta-galactosidase molecular hematopoietic chimerism could induce tolerance to beta-galactosidase-transduced hepatocytes. METHODS Molecular hematopoietic chimerism was established in irradiated recipient mice by transplantation of either a mixture of wild-type and beta-galactosidase-transgenic bone marrow or autologous bone marrow stem cells that were transduced with beta-galactosidase lentiviral vectors. After transplantation, mice were hepatectomized and injected with beta-galactosidase recombinant retroviruses to transduce regenerating hepatocytes. We monitored the presence of beta-galactosidase-expressing hepatocytes as well as the appearance of anti-beta-galactosidase antibodies during the time. RESULTS In control animals, anti-beta-galactosidase antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response developed as early as 3 weeks after gene transfer. Transduced hepatocytes disappeared concomitantly. In bone marrow transplanted mice, tolerance could be observed in a significant proportion of animals. Tolerance resulted in permanent liver transgene expression and was absent unless a chimerism above 1% was achieved, demonstrating a threshold effect. CONCLUSIONS Creation of a molecular hematopoietic chimerism can result in transgene tolerance and evade immune rejection of retrovirally transduced hepatocytes. This strategy may be useful for hepatic inherited diseases in which the transgene product behaves as a non-self protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Pichard
- Biothérapies Hépatiques, CIC-INSERM 04, IMAD, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
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27
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Forman D, Tian C, Iacomini J. Induction of donor-specific tolerance in sublethally irradiated recipients by gene therapy. Mol Ther 2005; 12:353-9. [PMID: 15939670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-specific transplantation tolerance can be established through the induction of molecular chimerism following reconstitution of lethally irradiated mice with autologous bone marrow expressing retrovirally transduced allogeneic MHC antigens. Here, we set out to define nonmyeloablative host conditioning regimens that would allow for establishment of molecular chimerism and the induction of donor-specific tolerance. Recipient mice received various doses of whole-body irradiation, together with costimulatory blockade using anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody prior to reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow cells transduced with retroviruses carrying the gene encoding H-2K(b). Conditioning consisting of 3 Gy whole-body irradiation and treatment with anti-CD154 was sufficient to induce molecular chimerism resulting in stable multilineage expression of K(b) on hematopoietic cells. T cells from molecular chimeras were unable to lyse allogeneic targets expressing K(b) and contained substantially fewer K(b)-reactive IL-2- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4 T cells than controls receiving mock-transduced bone marrow. Induction of molecular chimerism using nonmyeloablative host conditioning allowed for permanent survival of K(b)-disparate allogeneic skin grafts. These data suggest that nonmyeloablative host conditioning can be used effectively to induce molecular chimerism resulting in transplantation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daron Forman
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Tian C, Bagley J, Cretin N, Seth N, Wucherpfennig KW, Iacomini J. Prevention of type 1 diabetes by gene therapy. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:969-78. [PMID: 15467836 PMCID: PMC518667 DOI: 10.1172/jci22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes in humans and NOD mice is determined by multiple genetic factors, among the strongest of which is the inheritance of diabetes-permissive MHC class II alleles associated with susceptibility to disease. Here we examined whether expression of MHC class II alleles associated with resistance to disease could be used to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. Expression of diabetes-resistant MHC class II I-Abeta chain molecules in NOD mice following retroviral transduction of autologous bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells prevented the development of autoreactive T cells by intrathymic deletion and protected the mice from the development of insulitis and diabetes. These data suggest that type 1 diabetes could be prevented in individuals expressing MHC alleles associated with susceptibility to disease by restoration of protective MHC class II expression through genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Disease Susceptibility
- Female
- Genes, MHC Class II
- Genetic Therapy
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Retroviridae/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Tian
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Abstract
Genetic modification strategies have the potential to improve outcome following cell/organ transplantation. A unique opportunity in transplantation is that gene therapies need not be restricted to in vivo approaches and that ex vivo genetic modification of cell and/or organs can be of value. Improvements in vector design, production, and delivery should enhance transfection efficiency and optimize gene expression. Herein, we discuss potential modes of gene therapy, focusing on viral, liposome, or naked DNA-based systems for gene delivery. We suggest gene therapy targets taking into consideration the essential constituents of anti-allograft repertory. In addition to strategies that may have salutary effects in mitigating the threat of acute rejection, we suggest genetic strategies for minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury as well as for the perennial problem of progressive functional loss of the transplanted organ. Data from pre-clinical transplant models support the idea that gene therapy may improve allograft function and survival. We are optimistic that gene therapy will be of clinical value in the near future in the management of recipients of allografts; we believe that genetic strategies would be essential for successful breaching of the formidable challenge of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolca Thomas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York Weill Cornell Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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30
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Tian C, Bagley J, Kaye J, Iacomini J. Induction of T cell tolerance to a protein expressed in the cytoplasm through retroviral-mediated gene transfer. J Gene Med 2003; 5:359-65. [PMID: 12731084 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host immune responses to foreign gene products have been shown to lead to the elimination of genetically modified cells, and are a major barrier to successful therapeutic gene therapy. We have shown that immunological tolerance to retrovirally transduced cell surface proteins can be induced by expressing the gene encoding these products in bone marrow derived cells. Here, we investigate if expression of foreign gene products in bone marrow derived cells can be used to induce tolerance to cytoplasmic proteins. METHODS Balb/c mice were reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow cells transduced with retrovirus carrying the gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), or mock-transduced bone marrow cells. After reconstitution, mice were immunized with cells expressing eGFP, and T cells were tested for the ability to kill eGFP-expressing targets in in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays. RESULTS T cells from Balb/c mice reconstituted with mock-transduced bone marrow were able to kill target cells expressing eGFP. In contrast, T cells from mice reconstituted with eGFP-transduced bone marrow were unable to kill targets expressing eGFP. In addition, we observed that T cell responses to eGFP in C57BL/6 mice were minimal even under highly immunogenic conditions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that expression of foreign gene products in bone marrow derived cells is capable of inducing T cell tolerance to proteins expressed exclusively in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Tian
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MGH-East, Building 149, 13th St., Boston 02129, USA
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31
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Abstract
One major complication facing organ transplant recipients is the requirement for life-long systemic immunosuppression to prevent rejection, which is associated with an increased incidence of malignancy and susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Gene therapy has the potential to eliminate problems associated with immunosuppression by allowing the production of immunomodulatory proteins in the donor grafts resulting in local rather than systemic immunosuppression. Alternatively, gene therapy approaches could eliminate the requirement for general immunosuppression by allowing the induction of donor-specific tolerance. Gene therapy interventions may also be able to prevent graft damage owing to nonimmune-mediated graft loss or injury and prevent chronic rejection. This review will focus on recent progress in preventing transplant rejection by gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bagley
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Tian C, Bagley J, Iacomini J. Expression of antigen on mature lymphocytes is required to induce T cell tolerance by gene therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 169:3771-6. [PMID: 12244171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of a retrovirally encoded allogeneic MHC class I gene in bone marrow-derived cells can be used to induce tolerance to the product of the retrovirally transduced gene. In this work we examined whether expression of a retrovirally transduced allogeneic MHC class I gene in bone marrow-derived cells from recombinase-activating gene-1 (RAG-1)-deficient mice was sufficient to induce tolerance when transplanted into conditioned hosts together with bone marrow from MHC-matched wild-type mice. Reconstitution of mice with either MHC-matched RAG-1-deficient or wild-type bone marrow transduced with the allogeneic MHC class I gene H-2K(b) led to long-term expression of K(b) on the surface of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic lineages. T cells from mice reconstituted with H-2K(b)-transduced wild-type bone marrow were tolerant to K(b). In contrast, expression of K(b) in the periphery of mice reconstituted with a mixture of retrovirally transduced RAG-1-deficient bone marrow and mock-transduced wild-type bone marrow fell below detectable levels by 4 wk after transplantation. T cells that developed in these mice appeared to be hyporesponsive to K(b), demonstrating that expression of K(b) on bone marrow-derived APCs was not sufficient to induce tolerance. Our data suggest that induction of tolerance in molecular chimeras requires expression of the retrovirally transduced allogeneic MHC Ag on the surface of mature lymphocytes that populate the host thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Tian
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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