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Chen Y, Su Z, Liu F. Effects of functionally diverse calpain system on immune cells. Immunol Res 2021; 69:8-17. [PMID: 33483937 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of nonlysosomal cysteine proteases, which play important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Locations of them dictates the functions so that they are classified as ubiquitously expressed calpains and tissue-specific calpains. Recent studies are mainly focused on conventional calpains (calpain-1,2) in development and diseases, and increasing people pay attention to other subtypes of calpains but may not been summarized appropriately. Growing evidence suggests that calpains are also involved in immune regulation. However, seldom articles review the regulation of calpains on immune cells. The aim of this article is to review the research progress of each calpain isozyme and the effect of calpains on immune cells, especially the promotion effect of calpains on the immune response of macrophage, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killed cells, and lymphocytes. These effects would hold great promise for the clinical application of calpains as a practicable therapeutic option in the treatment of immune related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fang Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Xu H, Shi X, Li X, Zou J, Zhou C, Liu W, Shao H, Chen H, Shi L. Neurotransmitter and neuropeptide regulation of mast cell function: a systematic review. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:356. [PMID: 33239034 PMCID: PMC7691095 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of the neural control of mast cell functions has long been proposed. Mast cells (MCs) are localized in association with the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the brain, where they are closely aligned, anatomically and functionally, with neurons and neuronal processes throughout the body. They express receptors for and are regulated by various neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and other neuromodulators. Consequently, modulation provided by these neurotransmitters and neuromodulators allows neural control of MC functions and involvement in the pathogenesis of mast cell–related disease states. Recently, the roles of individual neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in regulating mast cell actions have been investigated extensively. This review offers a systematic review of recent advances in our understanding of the contributions of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to mast cell activation and the pathological implications of this regulation on mast cell–related disease states, though the full extent to which such control influences health and disease is still unclear, and a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the control is lacking. Future validation of animal and in vitro models also is needed, which incorporates the integration of microenvironment-specific influences and the complex, multifaceted cross-talk between mast cells and various neural signals. Moreover, new biological agents directed against neurotransmitter receptors on mast cells that can be used for therapeutic intervention need to be more specific, which will reduce their ability to support inflammatory responses and enhance their potential roles in protecting against mast cell–related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiexin Zou
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Linbo Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Etwebi Z, Landesberg G, Preston K, Eguchi S, Scalia R. Mechanistic Role of the Calcium-Dependent Protease Calpain in the Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by MPO (Myeloperoxidase). Hypertension 2019; 71:761-770. [PMID: 29507101 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MPO (myeloperoxidase) is a peroxidase enzyme secreted by activated leukocytes that plays a pathogenic role in cardiovascular disease, mainly by initiating endothelial dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms of the endothelial damaging action of MPO remain though largely elusive. Calpain is a calcium-dependent protease expressed in the vascular wall. Activation of calpains has been implicated in inflammatory disorders of the vasculature. Using endothelial cells and genetically modified mice, this study identifies the µ-calpain isoform as novel downstream signaling target of MPO in endothelial dysfunction. Mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells were stimulated with 10 nmol/L MPO for 180 minutes. MPO denitrosylated µ-calpain C-terminus domain, and time dependently activated µ-calpain, but not the m-calpain isoform. MPO also reduced Thr172 AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and Ser1177 eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) phosphorylation via upregulation of PP2A (protein phosphatase 2) expression. At the functional level, MPO increased endothelial VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) abundance and the adhesion of leukocytes to the mouse aorta. In MPO-treated endothelial cells, pharmacological inhibition of calpain activity attenuated expression of VCAM-1 and PP2A, and restored Thr172 AMPK and Ser1177 eNOS phosphorylation. Compared with wild-type mice, µ-calpain deficient mice experienced reduced leukocyte adhesion to the aortic endothelium in response to MPO. Our data first establish a role for calpain in the endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation of MPO. The MPO/calpain/PP2A signaling pathway may provide novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of inflammatory vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zienab Etwebi
- From the Department of Physiology and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gavin Landesberg
- From the Department of Physiology and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kyle Preston
- From the Department of Physiology and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- From the Department of Physiology and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rosario Scalia
- From the Department of Physiology and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
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4
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Totzeck M, Korste S, Miinalainen I, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Rassaf T. S -nitrosation of calpains is associated with cardioprotection in myocardial I/R injury. Nitric Oxide 2017; 67:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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5
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Predonzani A, Calì B, Agnellini AHR, Molon B. Spotlights on immunological effects of reactive nitrogen species: When inflammation says nitric oxide. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:64-76. [PMID: 25992321 PMCID: PMC4436941 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, nitric oxide (NO) has been definitively recognised as one of the key players involved in immunity and inflammation. NO generation was originally described in activated macrophages, which still represent the prototype of NO-producing cells. Notwithstanding, additional cell subsets belonging to both innate and adaptive immunity have been documented to sustain NO propagation by means of the enzymatic activity of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms. Furthermore, due to its chemical characteristics, NO could rapidly react with other free radicals to generate different reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which have been intriguingly associated with many pathological conditions. Nonetheless, the plethora of NO/RNS-mediated effects still remains extremely puzzling. The aim of this manuscript is to dig into the broad literature on the topic to provide intriguing insights on NO-mediated circuits within immune system. We analysed NO and RNS immunological clues arising from their biochemical properties, immunomodulatory activities and finally dealing with their impact on different pathological scenarios with far prompting intriguing perspectives for their pharmacological targeting.
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Cottrell JJ, Ponnampalam EN, Dunshea FR, Warner RD. Effects of infusing nitric oxide donors and inhibitors on plasma metabolites, muscle lactate production and meat quality in lambs fed a high quality roughage-based diet. Meat Sci 2015; 105:8-15. [PMID: 25747930 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As nitric oxide (NO) is postulated to be a mediator of the effects of pre-slaughter stress on meat quality the aims of this experiment were to investigate the effects of modulating NO pharmacologically on meat quality of sedentary lambs. As pharmacological NO donors are prohibitively expensive to use in the lamb model L-Arginine, the substrate for NO synthase (NOS) was infused into lambs and increased NO production by ~30%. In a 2 × 2 factorial design we infused either L-Arginine (500 mg/kg) or the NOS inhibitor L-N(G) nitroarginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 30 mg/kg) 190 min pre-slaughter and investigated meat quality in the Longissimus thoracis lumborum (LTL) or Semimembranosus (SM). The principal outcome of the experiment was that L-NAME inhibited proteolysis and reduced tenderness in the SM. These data indicate that events pre-slaughter that affect NO synthesis can influence meat tenderness, potentially via altered muscle metabolism or modulation of proteolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Cottrell
- Australian Sheep Industry CRC, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - E N Ponnampalam
- Australian Sheep Industry CRC, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Australian Sheep Industry CRC, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - R D Warner
- Australian Sheep Industry CRC, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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7
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Abstract
Often considered as the archetype of neuroimmune communication, much of our understanding of the bidirectional relationship between the nervous and immune systems has come from the study of mast cell-nerve interaction. Mast cells play a role in resistance to infection and are extensively involved in inflammation and subsequent tissue repair. Thus, the relationship between mast cells and neurons enables the involvement of peripheral and central nervous systems in the regulation of host defense mechanisms and inflammation. Recently, with the identification of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, there has been increased interest in the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in regulating immune responses. Classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released from cholinergic and inhibitory NANC neurons can modulate mast cell activity, and there is good evidence for the existence of parasympathetic nerve-mast cell functional units in the skin, lung, and intestine that have the potential to regulate a range of physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Forsythe
- Department of Medicine, The Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Avenue East, T3302, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 4A6,
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Mechanisms and targets of the modulatory action of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on inflammatory cytokines expression. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 562:80-91. [PMID: 25135357 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of experimental studies has documented that S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the main endogenous low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiol, can exert modulatory effects on inflammatory processes, thus supporting its potential employment in medicine for the treatment of important disease conditions. At molecular level, GSNO effects have been shown to modulate the activity of a series of transcription factors (notably NF-κB, AP-1, CREB and others) as well as other components of signal transduction chains (e.g. IKK-β, caspase 1, calpain and others), resulting in the modulation of several cytokines and chemokines expression (TNFα, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-8, RANTES, MCP-1 and others). Results reported to date are however not univocal, and a single main mechanism of action for the observed anti-inflammatory effects of GSNO has not been identified. Conflicting observations can be explained by differences among the various cell types studies as to the relative abundance of enzymes in charge of GSNO metabolism (GSNO reductase, γ-glutamyltransferase, protein disulfide isomerase and others), as well as by variables associated with the individual experimental models employed. Altogether, anti-inflammatory properties of GSNO seem however to prevail, and exploration of the therapeutic potential of GSNO and analogues appears therefore warranted.
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Wu Z, Chen X, Liu F, Chen W, Wu P, Wieschhaus AJ, Chishti AH, Roche PA, Chen WM, Lin TJ. Calpain-1 contributes to IgE-mediated mast cell activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5130-9. [PMID: 24760147 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in allergy through secretion of both preformed and newly synthesized mediators. Mast cell mediator secretion is controlled by a complex network of signaling events. Despite intensive studies, signaling pathways in the regulation of mast cell mediator secretion remain incompletely defined. In this study, we examined the role of calpain in IgE-dependent mast cell activation. IgE-mediated activation of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells enhanced calpain activity. Inhibition of calpain activity by a number of calpain inhibitors reduced IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation both in vitro and in vivo. Calpain inhibitors blocked IgE-mediated TNF and IL-6 production in vitro and reduced late-phase allergic response in vivo. Importantly, mouse calpain-1 null bone marrow-derived mast cells showed reduced IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo, diminished cytokine and chemokine production in vitro, and impaired late-phase allergic response in vivo. Further studies revealed that calpain-1 deficiency led to specific attenuation of IκB-NF-κB pathway and IKK-SNAP23 pathway, whereas calcium flux, MAPK, Akt, and NFAT pathway proceed normally in IgE-activated calpain-1 null mast cells. Thus, calpain-1 is identified as a novel regulator in IgE-mediated mast cell activation and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the management of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Adam J Wieschhaus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Athar H Chishti
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada;
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10
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Lagdive SS, Lagdive SB, Mani A, Anarthe R, Pendyala G, Pawar B, Marawar PP. Correlation of mast cells in periodontal diseases. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:63-7. [PMID: 23633775 PMCID: PMC3636948 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.107500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Among the cells involved in immune and inflammatory responses in periodontal disease, mast cells have been shown to be capable of generating a large number of biologically active substances. Mast cells are mobile, bone-marrow-derived, granule-containing immune cells that are found in all connective tissue and mucosal environments and in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Mast cells are able to phagocytose, process and present antigens as effectively as macrophages. The present study was undertaken to quantify the mast cells in health and disease, whether they correlate degree of inflammation and clinical features of periodontium. Materials and Methods: Ten cases of localized chronic periodontitis (CP), 10 cases of dental plaque-induced gingivitis (DPIG) and 10 cases of clinically healthy gingival tissues were selected. Samples were obtained from patients undergoing for periodontal surgery in CP and DPIG. In health group third molar impacted and covered with operculum without any inflammation were selected. Sample fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with Toludine blue stain and observed under binocular microscope. Conclusion: In human periodontal disease there is an increase in the number of mast cells that may be participating either in the destructive events or in the defense mechanism of periodontal disease via secretion of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma S Lagdive
- Department of Periodontics, Rural Dental College, Loni, Rahata, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
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Patidar KA, Parwani RN, Wanjari SP, Patidar AP. Mast cells in human odontogenic cysts. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:397-402. [PMID: 22574881 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.674556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are granule-containing cells in mucosal and connective tissues that are known to play a central role in allergic and inflammatory responses owing to pro-inflammatory mediators. Cysts in jaws are among the most common expansive, benign and destructive bone lesions; at some stage they are associated with chronic inflammation. Earlier studies have identified mast cells in odontogenic cysts (OC). We investigated the presence and distribution of mast cells and compared their number in different types of radicular cysts (RC), dentigerous cysts (DC) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKC). Ten cases each of RC, DC and OKC diagnosed clinically and histopathologically were selected and stained with 1% toluidine blue. The greatest number of mast cells/mm(2) was found in RC. The fewest mast cells/mm(2) were found in OKC. The subepithelial zones of all cysts contained more mast cells than the deeper zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Patidar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, behind queen's college, Gram Limbodi, Indore, India.
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12
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Li Q, Liu Y, Che Z, Zhu H, Meng G, Hou Y, Ding B, Yin Y, Chen F. Dietary L-arginine supplementation alleviates liver injury caused by Escherichia coli LPS in weaned pigs. Innate Immun 2012; 18:804-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425912441955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with L-arginine (Arg) could attenuate Escherichia coli LPS-induced liver injury through the TLR4 signaling pathway in weaned pigs. Eighteen weaned pigs were allotted to three treatments: non-challenged control, LPS challenged control and LPS + 0.5% Arg. On d 18, pigs were injected with LPS at 100 µg/kg of body weight (BW) or sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained at 4 h post-injection. Pigs were then sacrificed for the collection of liver samples. Arg supplementation (0.5%) alleviated liver morphological impairment, including hepatocyte caryolysis, karyopycnosis and fibroblast proliferation induced by LPS challenge; it mitigated the increase of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities induced by LPS ( P < 0.05); it prevented the increase of hepatic TNF-α, malondialdehyde contents and mast cell number induced by LPS administration ( P < 0.05); and it attenuated the elevation of hepatic NF- κB and TLR4-positive cell percentages ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that Arg supplementation has beneficial effects in attenuating hepatic morphological and functional injury induced by LPS challenge in piglets. Additionally, it is possible that the protective effects of Arg on the liver are associated with a decreased release of liver pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals through inhibiting TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan Che
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yulong Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Protein tyrosine nitration of 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase in the human mast cell line LAD2. Nitric Oxide 2011; 26:74-80. [PMID: 22197745 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) play a pivotal role in allergic inflammation and nitric oxide (NO) is known to regulate MC function. One mechanism of NO mediated actions is the post-translational modification protein tyrosine nitration mediated by reactive nitrogen species. In this study we identified targets for nitration in the human mast cell line LAD2 after treatment with a nitric oxide donor and with peroxynitrite. Using two dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blot analyses with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies we identified 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), a major prostaglandin catabolizing enzyme, as a target for nitration in LAD2. This is the first report on expression of this enzyme in MC and also the first report that PGDH is a target of protein tyrosine nitration. Since MC synthesize and metabolize many prostaglandins including prostaglandin E(2), the major substrate for PGDH, nitration of this prostaglandin catabolizing enzyme is likely functionally significant.
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14
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Sekar Y, Moon TC, Slupsky CM, Befus AD. Protein tyrosine nitration of aldolase in mast cells: a plausible pathway in nitric oxide-mediated regulation of mast cell function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:578-87. [PMID: 20511553 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NO is a short-lived free radical that plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular signaling. Mast cell (MC)-derived NO and exogenous NO regulate MC activities, including the inhibition of MC degranulation. At a molecular level, NO acts to modify protein structure and function through several mechanisms, including protein tyrosine nitration. To begin to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of NO in MCs, we investigated protein tyrosine nitration in human MC lines HMC-1 and LAD2 treated with the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione. Using two-dimensional gel Western blot analysis with an anti-nitrotyrosine Ab, together with mass spectrometry, we identified aldolase A, an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, as a target for tyrosine nitration in MCs. The nitration of aldolase A was associated with a reduction in the maximum velocity of aldolase in HMC-1 and LAD2. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that despite these changes in the activity of a critical enzyme in glycolysis, there was no significant change in total cellular ATP content, although the AMP/ATP ratio was altered. Elevated levels of lactate and pyruvate suggested that S-nitrosoglutathione treatment enhanced glycolysis. Reduced aldolase activity was associated with increased intracellular levels of its substrate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Interestingly, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate inhibited IgE-mediated MC degranulation in LAD2 cells. Thus, for the first time we report evidence of protein tyrosine nitration in human MC lines and identify aldolase A as a prominent target. This posttranslational nitration of aldolase A may be an important pathway that regulates MC phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokananth Sekar
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Burgoyne JR, Eaton P. A rapid approach for the detection, quantification, and discovery of novel sulfenic acid or S-nitrosothiol modified proteins using a biotin-switch method. Methods Enzymol 2010; 473:281-303. [PMID: 20513484 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)73015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of robust methods for the detection of proteins susceptible to S-nitrosylation (RSNO) and sulfenation (RSOH) has provided greater insight into the role of these oxidative modifications in cell signaling. These techniques, which have been termed "biotin-switch" methods, essentially use selective chemical reduction to swap an oxidative modification for a stable easily detectable biotin-tag. This allows for the rapid purification and subsequent detection of modified proteins using mass spectrometry. This chapter provides an overview of these biotin-switch methods, and explores its impact on the field of redox biology, including recent advances as well as limitations associated with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Burgoyne
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Inoue T, Suzuki Y, Yoshimaru T, Ra C. Nitric oxide positively regulates Ag (I)-induced Ca2+
influx and mast cell activation: role of a nitric oxide synthase-independent pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:1365-75. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0609387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Larsson AK, Bäck M, Lundberg JO, Dahlén SE. Specific mediator inhibition by the NO donors SNP and NCX 2057 in the peripheral lung: implications for allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. Respir Res 2009; 10:46. [PMID: 19493362 PMCID: PMC2696438 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine potential therapeutic effect of the two NO donors NCX 2057 (3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid) 4-(nitrooxy)butyl ester) and SNP (sodium nitroprusside) on the early allergic airway response in the peripheral lung. Methods The experiments were performed in guinea pig lung parenchyma (GPLP) derived from ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized guinea pigs. The effects of NCX 2057 and SNP were evaluated by contractile responses and mediator release during OVA challenge. The generation of nitrite and nitrate was assessed by chemiluminescence. Statistical analysis was evaluated by ANOVA. Results Cumulatively increasing concentrations of OVA (1–10,000 ng/ml) induced concentration-dependent contractions of the GPLP that were reduced by NCX 2057 (100 μM, p < 0.001) and SNP (100 μM, p < 0.05). Antigen-induced eicosanoid release was decreased by NCX 2057 (100 μM, p < 0.001) but not by SNP (100 μM), whereas the release of histamine was reduced by SNP (100 μM, p < 0.001) but not by NCX 2057 (100 μM). In addition, NCX 2057 (0.1–100 μM), but not SNP (0.1–100 μM), relaxed leukotriene D4 (10 nM) precontracted GPLP (p < 0.01). The guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ had no effect on the NCX 2057 mediated relaxation. SNP released significantly less nitrite than NCX 2057. Conclusion Although both SNP and NCX 2057 reduced the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, their profiles were distinctly different. Furthermore, NCX 2057 also induced smooth muscle dilation in the GPLP. The findings point to specific anti-inflammatory effects of different NO donors in the peripheral lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Larsson
- Unit of Lung Biology, Division of Vascular and Respiratory Research, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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18
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Lim SY, Raftery M, Cai H, Hsu K, Yan WX, Hseih HL, Watts RN, Richardson D, Thomas S, Perry M, Geczy CL. S-nitrosylated S100A8: novel anti-inflammatory properties. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:5627-36. [PMID: 18832721 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9, highly expressed by neutrophils, activated macrophages, and microvascular endothelial cells, are secreted during inflammatory processes. Our earlier studies showed S100A8 to be an avid scavenger of oxidants, and, together with its dependence on IL-10 for expression in macrophages, we postulated that this protein has a protective role. S-nitrosylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates NO transport, cell signaling, and homeostasis. Relatively few proteins are targets of S-nitrosylation. To date, no inflammation-associated proteins with NO-shuttling capacity have been identified. We used HPLC and mass spectrometry to show that S100A8 and S100A9 were readily S-nitrosylated by NO donors. S-nitrosylated S100A8 (S100A8-SNO) was the preferred nitrosylated product. No S-nitrosylation occurred when the single Cys residue in S100A8 was mutated to Ala. S100A8-SNO in human neutrophils treated with NO donors was confirmed by the biotin switch assay. The stable adduct transnitrosylated hemoglobin, indicating a role in NO transport. S100A8-SNO suppressed mast cell activation by compound 48/80; intravital microscopy was used to demonstrate suppression of leukocyte adhesion and extravasation triggered by compound 48/80 in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Although S100A8 is induced in macrophages by LPS or IFN-gamma, the combination, which activates inducible NO synthase, did not induce S100A8. Thus, the antimicrobial functions of NO generated under these circumstances would not be compromised by S100A8. Our results suggest that S100A8-SNO may regulate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the microcirculation, and suppression of mast cell-mediated inflammation represents an additional anti-inflammatory property for S100A8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yin Lim
- Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Moon TC, Befus AD. Exogenous nitric oxide regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin D(2) generation through p38 MAPK in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:780-8. [PMID: 18598759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that regulates MC function. However, the involvement of NO in an important lipid mediator, prostaglandin (PG) D(2) production by MC, is unclear. The role of NO in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and PGD(2) generation as well as IL-6 production in mouse bone marrow-derived MC (BMMC) was investigated using NO donors. Exogenous NO augmented COX-2 protein expression and increased COX-2-dependent PGD(2) generation in response to SCF, IL-10, and IL-1beta, or antigen activation in combination with IL-10 and IL-1beta after sensitization with IgE. The increased expression of COX-2 by NO donors was inhibited by hemoglobin. Moreover it was not affected by soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, but reduced by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB202190. Downstream of p38 MAPK, NO donors augmented not only COX-2 mRNA transcription but also its stability. Exogenous NO also augmented IL-6 production by SCF, IL-10, and IL-1beta. These results show that exogenous NO can increase COX-2-dependent PGD(2) and IL-6 production by MC in inflammatory environments through the p38 MAPK pathway. Therefore, our novel observations suggest that the effect of NO on MC is not limited to the suppression of their activation as has been the emphasis previously, but can also augment certain MC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Chul Moon
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Sengupta R, Ryter SW, Zuckerbraun BS, Tzeng E, Billiar TR, Stoyanovsky DA. Thioredoxin catalyzes the denitrosation of low-molecular mass and protein S-nitrosothiols. Biochemistry 2007; 46:8472-83. [PMID: 17580965 DOI: 10.1021/bi700449x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While most proteins have critical thiols whose oxidation affects their activity, it has been suggested that S-nitrosation and denitrosation of cellular thiols are fundamental processes similar to protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, respectively. However, understanding the biosynthesis and catabolism of S-nitrosothiols has proven to be difficult, in part because of the low stability of this class of metabolites. Herein, we report that thioredoxin catalyzes the denitrosation of a series of S-nitrosoamino acids and S-nitrosoproteins derived from HepG2 cells. Notably, all S-nitrosoproteins with a molecular mass of 23-30 kDa were catabolized by thioredoxin. Experimental evidence is presented which shows that both glutathione and reduced human thioredoxin denitrosate S-nitrosothioredoxin, which has been suggested to act as an anti-apoptotic factor via trans-S-nitrosation of caspase 3. In HepG2 cells, we observed that S-nitrosocysteine ethyl ester impedes the activity of caspase 3. However, a subsequent incubation of the cells in nitrosothiol-free medium resulted in reconstitution of the enzymatic activity, most likely due to endogenous denitrosation of S-nitrosocaspase 3. The latter process was markedly inhibited in thioredoxin reductase-deficient HepG2 cells, suggesting that the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system tends to maintain intracellular caspase 3 in a reduced, SH state. The data obtained are discussed within the general reaction mechanisms encompassing the cellular homeostasis of S-nitrosothiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Sengupta
- Department of Surgery, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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21
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Sekar Y, Moon TC, Muñoz S, Befus AD. Role of nitric oxide in mast cells: controversies, current knowledge, and future applications. Immunol Res 2006; 33:223-39. [PMID: 16462000 DOI: 10.1385/ir:33:3:223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are important effector cells in allergic disorders. Recently, the role of MC in innate and adaptive immunity is gaining prominence. Nitric oxide is an important signaling molecule and its production in mast cell has been reported widely. However, controversy exists about whether MC produce NO. This review addresses the role of NO in MC biology and the reasons behind the controversy and discusses effects of NO in regulation of MC phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokananth Sekar
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Ben-Aharon I, Haim K, Shalgi R, Ben-Yosef D. Expression and possible involvement of calpain isoforms in mammalian egg activation. Reproduction 2005; 130:165-75. [PMID: 16049154 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
At fertilization in mammals, the spermatozoon triggers a unique signal transduction mechanism within the egg, leading to its activation. It is well accepted that the earliest event observed in all activated eggs is an abrupt rise in intracellular calcium concentrations. However, little is known regarding the downstream proteins that are activated by this rise in calcium. Calpains constitute a family of intracellular calcium-dependent cysteine proteases whose members are expressed widely in a variety of cells. We investigated the expression and possible role of the calpain isoforms mu and m throughout egg activation. Both calpains were expressed in the rat egg and localized at the egg cortex as well as in the meiotic spindle. m Calpain translocated to the membrane and to the spindle area during parthenogenetic egg activation and during in vivo fertilization, upon sperm binding to the egg. The cytoskeletal protein alpha-spectrin (fodrin) was proteolysed by calpain during the egg-activation process, as demonstrated by specific calpain-breakdown products. Following parthenogenetic activation by ionomycin or puromycin, the calpain-selective permeable inhibitor, calpeptin, inhibited the resumption of meiosis and cortical reaction in a dose-dependent manner. Calpeptin was also effective in inhibiting in vitro fertilization. These results may imply a correlation between calpain activation and mammalian egg activation at fertilization and a possible role for calpain in the cascade of cellular events leading to resumption of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Ben-Aharon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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23
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24
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Parnaud G, Hammar E, Rouiller DG, Bosco D. Inhibition of calpain blocks pancreatic beta-cell spreading and insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 289:E313-21. [PMID: 15784646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00006.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In addition to promoting insulin secretion, an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) triggered by glucose has been shown to be crucial for spreading of beta-cells attached on extracellular matrix (804G matrix). Calpains are Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine proteases involved in an extended spectrum of cellular responses, including cytoskeletal rearrangements and vesicular trafficking. The present work aimed to assess whether calpain is also implicated in the process of Ca(2+)-induced insulin secretion and spreading of rat pancreatic beta-cells. The results indicate calpain dependency of beta-cell spreading on 804G matrix. Indeed, treatment with three distinct calpain inhibitors (N-Ac-Leu-Leu-norleucinal, calpeptin, and ethyl(+)-(2S,3S)-3-[(S)-3-methyl-1-(3-methylbutylcarbamoyl)butyl-carbamoyl]-2-ox-iranecarboxylate) inhibited cell spreading induced by glucose and KCl, whereas cell attachment was not significantly modified. Calpain inhibitors also suppressed glucose- and KCl-stimulated insulin secretion without affecting insulin synthesis. Washing the inhibitor out of the cell culture restored spreading on 804G matrix and insulin secretory response after 24 h. In addition, incubation with calpeptin did not affect insulin secretory response to mastoparan that acts on exocytosis downstream of intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)]i. Finally, calpeptin was shown to affect the [Ca(2+)]i response to glucose but not to KCl. In summary, the results show that inhibition of calpain blocks spreading and insulin secretion of primary pancreatic beta-cells. It is therefore suggested that calpain could be a mediator of Ca(2+)-induced-insulin secretion and beta-cell spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Parnaud
- Dept. of Genetic Medicine and Development, Univ. Medical Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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25
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Batista AC, Rodini CO, Lara VS. Quantification of mast cells in different stages of human periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2005; 11:249-54. [PMID: 15984957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Among the cells involved in immune and inflammatory responses in periodontal disease, mast cells have been shown to be capable of generating a large number of biologically active substances. The present study was undertaken to identify and quantify the presence of mast cells in different stages of human periodontal disease using histochemical (toluidine blue) and immunohistochemical (tryptase-positive mast cells) techniques. RESULTS Mast cell densities (cells per mm(2)) were significantly increased in chronic periodontitis/gingivitis lesions compared with clinically healthy gingival tissues (Health) uniquely by immunohistochemical technique. Interestingly, mast cells were distributed specially in close apposition to mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS In human periodontal disease there is an increase in the number of mast cells that may be participating either in the destructive events or in the defense mechanism of periodontal disease via secretion of cytokines, including perpetuation of the Th2 response, and cellular migration and healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Batista
- Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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26
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McCauley SD, Gilchrist M, Befus AD. Nitric oxide: a major determinant of mast cell phenotype and function. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100 Suppl 1:11-4. [PMID: 15962092 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are important in the numerous physiological processes of homeostasis and disease. Most notably, MC are critical effectors in the development and exacerbation of allergic disorders. Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic radical produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and has pluripotent cell signaling and cytotoxic properties. NO can influence many MC functions. Recent evidence shows the source of this NO can be from the mast cell itself. Governing the production of this endogenous NO, through alterations in the expression of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a NOS cofactor, has stabilizing effects on MC degranulation. Furthermore, NO regulates the synthesis and secretion of de novo generated mediators, including leukotrienes and chemokines. These novel observations add to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the role of NO in the MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D McCauley
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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27
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Monteiro HP, Silva EF, Stern A. Nitric oxide: a potential inducer of adhesion-related apoptosis--anoikis. Nitric Oxide 2005; 10:1-10. [PMID: 15050529 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Revised: 12/29/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among the many initiating events that lead to apoptosis or programmed cell death, loss of contact between the cell and the extracellular matrix has been extensively studied. Adhesion-related apoptosis referred to as anoikis is initiated by the action of anti-adhesive substances. Nitric oxide is one of these anti-adhesive substances that have the capacity to signal and trigger pro-apoptotic events in a variety of cell types. Nitric oxide can inhibit cell adhesion, interfere with the assembly of focal adhesion complexes, and disrupt the cell-extracellular matrix interactions. These actions occur in cell that exhibit a dissociation of growth factor signals from alterations in the cytoskeleton, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Since this involves anti-adhesive events, nitric oxide can be considered as causing anoikis. This review article summarizes the available evidence of how nitric oxide participates in apoptosis induced by loss of anchorage (anoikis).
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Lin TJ, Befus AD. Mast Cells In Mucosal Defenses and Pathogenesis. Mucosal Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012491543-5/50040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Li L, Zhang J, Block ER, Patel JM. Nitric oxide-modulated marker gene expression of signal transduction pathways in lung endothelial cells. Nitric Oxide 2004; 11:290-7. [PMID: 15604041 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2004.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signal molecule involved in regulation of physiological and pathophysiological functions of the vascular endothelium such as apoptosis. We examined whether NO-modulates marker gene expression of signal transduction pathways in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC). Cells were exposed to a NO donor, 1 mM NOC-18, for 0.5, 5, and 24 h, thereafter, expression levels of 96 marker genes associated with 18 signal transduction pathways were assessed using a signal transduction pathway-finder microarray analysis system. NO modulation of apoptotic pathways and nuclear factor (NF) microarray were further analyzed. Gene array analyses revealed that 17 genes in 13 signal pathways were up- or down-regulated in cells exposed to NO, four of which were significantly altered by NO and are associated with apoptotic pathways. Apoptotic pathways resulted in identification of 11 genes in this group. Nuclear factor microarray studies demonstrated that NO-modulated expression of these signal transduction genes was associated with regulation of NF-binding activities. Gel shift analysis verified the effects of NO on DNA-binding activity of NF. These results demonstrated that NO signaling modulates at least 13 signal transduction pathways including apoptosis-related families in PAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhe Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, FL, USA
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30
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Davis BJ, Flanagan BF, Gilfillan AM, Metcalfe DD, Coleman JW. Nitric Oxide Inhibits IgE-Dependent Cytokine Production and Fos and Jun Activation in Mast Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:6914-20. [PMID: 15557187 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NO is a cell-derived radical reported to inhibit mast cell degranulation and subsequent allergic inflammation, although whether its action is nonspecific or occurs via specific molecular mechanisms remains unknown. To examine this question, we set out to determine whether NO inhibits mast cell cytokine production, and, if so, whether it also alters FcepsilonRI-dependent signal transduction. As hypothesized, the radical inhibited IgE/Ag-induced IL-4, IL-6, and TNF production. Although NO did not influence phosphorylated JNK, p38 MAPK, or p44/42 MAPK, it did inhibit phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma1 and the AP-1 transcription factor protein c-Jun, but not NF-kappaB or CREB. NO further completely abrogated IgE/Ag-induced DNA-binding activity of the nuclear AP-1 proteins Fos and Jun. These results show that NO is capable of inhibiting FcepsilonRI-dependent mast cell cytokine production at the level of gene regulation, and suggest too that NO may contribute to resolution of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley J Davis
- Department of, Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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31
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Konstantinov IE, Arab S, Kharbanda RK, Li J, Cheung MMH, Cherepanov V, Downey GP, Liu PP, Cukerman E, Coles JG, Redington AN. The remote ischemic preconditioning stimulus modifies inflammatory gene expression in humans. Physiol Genomics 2004; 19:143-50. [PMID: 15304621 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00046.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) reduces tissue injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in distant organs. We tested the hypothesis that remote IPC (rIPC) modifies inflammatory gene transcription in humans. Using a microarray method, we demonstrated that a simple model of brief forearm ischemia suppresses proinflammatory gene expression in circulating leukocytes. Genes encoding key proteins involved in cytokine synthesis, leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion and migration, exocytosis, innate immunity signaling pathways, and apoptosis were all suppressed within 15 min (early phase IPC) and more so after 24 h (second window IPC). Changes in leukocyte CD11b expression measured by flow cytometry mirrored this pattern, with there being a significant (P = 0.01) reduction at 24 h. The results of this study show that the rIPC stimulus modifies leukocyte inflammatory gene expression. This effect may contribute to the protective effect of IPC against IR injury and may have broader implications in other inflammatory processes. This is the first study of human gene expression following rIPC stimulus. rIPC stimulus suppressed proinflammatory gene transcription in human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor E Konstantinov
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ahamed J, Venkatesha RT, Thangam EB, Ali H. C3a enhances nerve growth factor-induced NFAT activation and chemokine production in a human mast cell line, HMC-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6961-8. [PMID: 15153516 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.6961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors leads to transphosphorylation and activation of a number of receptor tyrosine kinases. Human mast cells express G protein-coupled receptors for the complement component C3a (C3aR) and high affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkA. To determine whether C3a cross-regulates TrkA signaling and biological responses, we used a human mast cell-line, HMC-1, that natively expresses both receptors. We found that NGF caused tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA, resulting in a sustained Ca(2+) mobilization, NFAT activation, extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta) production. In contrast, C3a induced a transient Ca(2+) mobilization and ERK phosphorylation but failed to stimulate TrkA phosphorylation, NFAT activation, or MIP-1beta production. Surprisingly, C3a significantly enhanced NGF-induced NFAT activation, ERK phosphorylation, and MIP-1beta production. Pertussis toxin, a G(i/o) inhibitor, selectively blocked priming by C3a but had no effect on NGF-induced responses. Mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 caused approximately 30% inhibition of NGF-induced MIP-1beta production but had no effect on priming by C3a. However, cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of calcineurin-mediated NFAT activation, caused substantial inhibition of NGF-induced MIP-1beta production both in the absence and presence of C3a. These data demonstrate that NGF caused tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA to induce chemokine production in HMC-1 cells via a pathway that mainly depends on sustained Ca(2+) mobilization and NFAT activation. Furthermore, C3a enhances NGF-induced transcription factor activation and chemokine production via a G protein-mediated pathway that does not involve TrkA phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahamed
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Gilchrist M, McCauley SD, Befus AD. Expression, localization, and regulation of NOS in human mast cell lines: effects on leukotriene production. Blood 2004; 104:462-9. [PMID: 15044250 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent radical produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and has pleiotrophic activities in health and disease. As mast cells (MCs) play a central role in both homeostasis and pathology, we investigated NOS expression and NO production in human MC populations. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) was ubiquitously expressed in both human MC lines and skin-derived MCs, while neuronal NOS (nNOS) was variably expressed in the MC populations studied. The inducible (iNOS) isoform was not detected in human MCs. Both growth factor-independent (HMC-1) and -dependent (LAD 2) MC lines showed predominant nuclear eNOS protein localization, with weaker cytoplasmic expression. nNOS showed exclusive cytoplasmic localization in HMC-1. Activation with Ca(2+) ionophore (A23187) or IgE-anti-IgE induced eNOS phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus and nuclear and cytoplasmic NO formation. eNOS colocalizes with the leukotriene (LT)-initiating enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in the MC nucleus. The NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG), inhibited, whereas the NOS inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), potentiated LT release in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, human MC lines produce NO in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, and endogenously produced NO can regulate LT production by MCs.
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Kennett SB, Roberts JD, Olden K. Requirement of protein kinase C micro activation and calpain-mediated proteolysis for arachidonic acid-stimulated adhesion of MDA-MB-435 human mammary carcinoma cells to collagen type IV. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:3300-7. [PMID: 14607845 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m305734200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) stimulation of adhesion of human metastatic breast carcinoma cells to collagen type IV depends on the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway(s) and is associated with the translocation of PKC mu from the cytoplasm to the membrane. In the present study, we have further explored the role of PKC mu in AA-stimulated adhesion. PKC mu activation site serines 738/742 and autophosphorylation site serine 910 are rapidly phosphorylated, and in vitro PKC mu kinase activity is enhanced in response to AA treatment. Inhibition of PKC mu activation blocks AA-stimulated adhesion. A phosphorylated, truncated species of PKC mu was detected in AA-treated cells. This 77-kDa protein contains the kinase domain but lacks a significant portion of the regulatory domains. Inhibition of calpain protease activity blocks generation of the truncated protein, promotes accumulation of the activated, full-length protein in the membrane, and blocks the AA-mediated increase in adhesion. p38 MAPK activity is also required for AA-stimulated adhesion. Activation of PKC mu and p38 are independent events. However, inhibition of p38 activity reduces calpain-mediated proteolysis of PKC mu and in vivo calpain activity, suggesting a role for p38 in regulation of calpain activity and a point for cross-talk between the PKC and MAPK pathways. These results support the hypothesis that AA stimulates activation of PKC mu, which is cleaved by calpain at the cell membrane. The resulting truncated kinase, as well as the full-length kinase, may be required for increased cell adhesion to collagen type IV. Additionally, these studies present the first evidence for calpain cleavage of a non-structural protein leading to the promotion of tumor cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Kennett
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Inhibition of calpains prevents neuronal and behavioral deficits in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci 2003. [PMID: 12764095 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.23-10-04081.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms mediating degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) are poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence to support a role for the involvement of the calcium-dependent proteases, calpains, in the loss of dopamine neurons in a mouse model of PD. We show that administration of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) evokes an increase in calpain-mediated proteolysis in nigral dopamine neurons in vivo. Inhibition of calpain proteolysis using either a calpain inhibitor (MDL-28170) or adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the endogenous calpain inhibitor protein, calpastatin, significantly attenuated MPTP-induced loss of nigral dopamine neurons. Commensurate with this neuroprotection, MPTP-induced locomotor deficits were abolished, and markers of striatal postsynaptic activity were normalized in calpain inhibitor-treated mice. However, behavioral improvements in MPTP-treated, calpain inhibited mice did not correlate with restored levels of striatal dopamine. These results suggest that protection against nigral neuron degeneration in PD may be sufficient to facilitate normalized locomotor activity without necessitating striatal reinnervation. Immunohistochemical analyses of postmortem midbrain tissues from human PD cases also displayed evidence of increased calpain-related proteolytic activity that was not evident in age-matched control subjects. Taken together, our findings provide a potentially novel correlation between calpain proteolytic activity in an MPTP model of PD and the etiology of neuronal loss in PD in humans.
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