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Roesner LM, Gupta MK, Kopfnagel V, van Unen N, Kemmling Y, Heise JK, Castell S, Jiang X, Riemann L, Traidl S, Lange B, Sühs KW, Illig T, Strowig T, Li Y, Förster R, Huehn J, Schulz TF, Werfel T. The RESIST Senior Individuals Cohort: Design, participant characteristics and aims. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01299-6. [PMID: 39141284 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of older adults worldwide is growing exponentially. However, while living longer, older individuals are more susceptible to both non-infectious and infectious diseases, at least in part due to alterations of the immune system. Here, we report on a prospective cohort study investigating the influence of age on immune responses and susceptibility to infection. The RESIST Senior Individuals (SI) cohort was established as a general population cohort with a focus on the elderly, enrolling an age- and sex-stratified sample of 650 individuals (n = 100 20-39y, n = 550 61-94y, 2019-2023, Hannover, Germany). It includes clinical, demographic, and lifestyle data and also extensive biomaterial sampling. Initial insights indicate that the SI cohort exhibits characteristics of the aging immune system and the associated susceptibility to infection, thereby providing a suitable platform for the decoding of age-related alterations of the immune system and unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the impaired immune responsiveness in aging populations by exploring comprehensive, unbiased multi-omics datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Matthias Roesner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Hannover Unified Biobank (HUB), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Kopfnagel
- Hannover Unified Biobank (HUB), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nienke van Unen
- Department of Computational Biology of Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kemmling
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana-Kristin Heise
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Castell
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Xun Jiang
- Department of Computational Biology of Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lennart Riemann
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Traidl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Berit Lange
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kurt-Wolfram Sühs
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank (HUB), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Computational Biology of Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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Li Y, Jin J, Kang X, Feng Z. Identifying and Evaluating Biological Markers of Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Comprehensive Review. Pain Ther 2024:10.1007/s40122-024-00640-3. [PMID: 39126594 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-024-00640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) manifests as persistent chronic pain that emerges after a herpes zoster outbreak and greatly diminishes quality of life. Unfortunately, its treatment efficacy has remained elusive, with many therapeutic efforts yielding less than satisfactory results. The research to discern risk factors predicting the onset, trajectory, and prognosis of PHN has been extensive. However, these risk factors often present as nonspecific and diverse, indicating the need for more reliable, measurable, and objective detection methods. The exploration of potential biological markers, including hematological indices, pathological insights, and supportive tests, is increasing. This review highlights potential biomarkers that are instrumental for the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of PHN while also delving deeper into its genesis. Drawing from prior research, aspects such as immune responsiveness, neuronal injury, genetic makeup, cellular metabolism, and pain signal modulation have emerged as prospective biomarkers. The immune spectrum spans various cell subtypes, with an emphasis on T cells, interferons, interleukins, and other related cytokines. Studies on nerve injury are directed toward pain-related proteins and the density and health of epidermal nerve fibers. On the genetic and metabolic fronts, the focus lies in the detection of predisposition genes, atypical protein manifestations, and energy-processing dynamics, with a keen interest in vitamin metabolism. Tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, electromyography, and infrared imaging have come to the forefront in the pain signaling domain. This review compiles the evidence, potential clinical implications, and challenges associated with these promising biomarkers, paving the way for innovative strategies for predicting, diagnosing, and addressing PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiying Feng
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Bhattacharya A, Jan L, Burlak O, Li J, Upadhyay G, Williams K, Dong J, Rohrer H, Pynn M, Simon A, Kuhlmann N, Pustylnikov S, Melo MB, Dey AK. Potent and long-lasting humoral and cellular immunity against varicella zoster virus induced by mRNA-LNP vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:72. [PMID: 38575581 PMCID: PMC10995133 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious human herpes virus responsible for causing chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). Despite the approval of a highly effective vaccine, Shingrix®, the global incidence of herpes zoster is increasing and the economic burden to the health care system and society are substantial due to significant loss of productivity and health complications, particularly among elderly and immunocompromised individuals. This is primarily because access to the vaccines remains mostly limited to countries within developed economies, such as USA and Canada. Therefore, similarly effective vaccines against VZV that are more accessible to the rest-of-the-world are necessary. In this study, we aimed to evaluate immunogenicity and memory response induced by three mRNA-LNP-based vaccine candidates targeting VZV's surface glycoprotein E (gE). C57BL/6 mice were immunized with each candidate vaccine, and humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed. Our results demonstrate that the mRNA-LNP-based vaccine candidates elicited robust and durable humoral responses specific to the gE antigen. Notably, mice vaccinated with the mRNA-LNP vaccines exhibited significantly higher antigen-specific T-cell cytokine production compared to the group receiving Shingrix®, the current standard of care vaccine. Additionally, mRNA-LNP vaccines induced long-lasting memory response, as evidenced by detection of persistent gE-specific Long-Lived Plasma Cells (LLPCs) and memory T cells four months after final immunization. These findings underscore the potential of our mRNA-LNP-based vaccine candidates in generating potent immune responses against VZV, offering promising prospects for their clinical development as an effective prophylactic vaccine against herpes zoster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lonzaric Jan
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Olga Burlak
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Jilong Li
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Ghanshyam Upadhyay
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Katherine Williams
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Jinhui Dong
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Harrison Rohrer
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Michelle Pynn
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Andrew Simon
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Nathan Kuhlmann
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Sergei Pustylnikov
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
| | - Antu K Dey
- GreenLight Biosciences Inc., 29 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
- Icosavax (AstraZeneca), 1930 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
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Rimmer L, Mann DA, Sayer AA, Amarnath S, Granic A. A silver bullet for ageing medicine?: clinical relevance of T-cell checkpoint receptors in normal human ageing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360141. [PMID: 38361938 PMCID: PMC10867193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence describes dysregulation of the immune system with ageing manifested in both the innate and adaptive immunity, including changes in T-cell checkpoint signaling. Through complex and nuanced process, T-cells lose excitatory signaling pathways and upregulate their inhibitory signaling, leading to ineffective immune responses that contribute to the formation of the ageing phenotype. Here we expand on the expression, function, and clinical potential of targeting the T-cell checkpoint signaling in age and highlight interventions offering the most benefits to older adults' health. Notably, modifications in vaccination such as with mTOR inhibitors show immediate clinical relevance and good tolerability. Other proposed treatments, including therapies with monoclonal antibodies fail to show clinical efficacy or tolerability needed for implementation at present. Although T-cell co-signaling fits a valuable niche for translational scientists to manage immunosenescence, future study would benefit from the inclusion of older adults with multiple long-term conditions and polypharmacy, ensuring better applicability to actual patients seen in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rimmer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Chen P, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Chen X, Li J, Tang Y, Shen M. Characteristics and economic burden of hospitalized patients with herpes zoster in China, before vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2268990. [PMID: 37899682 PMCID: PMC10760360 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2268990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) brings a significant economic burden. The HZ vaccine was introduced in China for the first time in 2020, and there is a lack of up-to-date information on the hospitalization costs and characteristics prior to vaccination. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and economic burden of HZ inpatients in Hunan Province, China, and analyze the factors influencing the length of stay (LOS) and costs. This was a retrospective study and we extracted information from the Chinese National Health Statistics Network Reporting System on HZ inpatients in Hunan Province, China from 2017 to 2019. Spatial join tools and Global or Local Moran's Index were used for the geographic analysis of hospitalized HZ incidence. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing LOS and costs. There were 44,311 HZ inpatients included in this study, incurring a total of $31,857,734 medical costs. These patients had a median LOS of 8 days and a median expenditure of $573.47. Older age, more comorbidities, and the presence of complications with nervous system involved were all significantly associated with longer LOS and higher costs. HZ infection resulted in a large direct medical cost and heavy disease burden, especially in patients with advanced age or underlying medical conditions. The HZ vaccine has the potential to effectively reduce the disease burden and should be widely popularized especially among high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Amini-Salehi E, Eslami N, Tamimi A, Sedighi N, Moghdam SS, Yaghubi-Kalurazi T, Hassanipour S, Joukar F, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Eftekhari H. Unusual herpetic reactivation in a young female following botox injection: a case report study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:647. [PMID: 37784014 PMCID: PMC10546652 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botox injections are commonly used for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes because they temporarily paralyze muscles, reduce wrinkles, and alleviate certain medical conditions. Although generally considered safe and effective, Botox injections may cause potential complications. While herpes reactivation is more commonly associated with immunosuppressive therapies, such as chemotherapy or corticosteroid use, its association with Botox injection is poorly documented. CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old woman presented with progressive painful rashes and vesicles on her forehead, scalp, and right upper eyelid, accompanied by fever and malaise following a Botox injection to treat wrinkles. A positive Tzanck smear test result confirmed the diagnosis of herpes infection. The patient was treated with antiviral medication, and her symptoms gradually regressed over several days. CONCLUSIONS Although herpes reactivation is more commonly associated with immunosuppressive therapies, few cases of herpes zoster and herpes simplex following Botox injection have been reported. The pathogenesis of herpes reactivation following Botox injection is unclear; however, it has been hypothesized that the Botox protein is a potent antigen that may activate the cellular immune system, making it easier for the virus to reactivate. Healthcare providers should be aware of this potential complication and consider it when evaluating patients who present with painful rashes following Botox injections. In addition, individuals who want to receive Botox injections should be informed of this complication. The diagnosis of herpetic infection should be made promptly, and antiviral therapy should be initiated to minimize the risk of complications. Further research is needed to better understand the pathogenesis and risk factors for herpes following Botox injection and to develop strategies for preventing and managing this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Narges Eslami
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Tofigh Yaghubi-Kalurazi
- Department of Health, Nutrition & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hojat Eftekhari
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Fan HR, Zhang EM, Fei Y, Huang B, Yao M. Early Diagnosis of Herpes Zoster Neuralgia: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther 2023; 12:893-901. [PMID: 37129752 PMCID: PMC10289968 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-023-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intervention reduces the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Typical shingles are easy to diagnose; however, there is no clear diagnostic method for neuralgia symptoms manifested before the onset of the rash, which can easily cause misdiagnosis. This not only increases the patient's pain, medical expenses, and mental burden, but more importantly, delays the valuable time for early treatment of shingles, and increases the probability of complications and PHN. OBJECTIVE In this paper, the diagnostic methods of preherpetic neuralgia were summarized and analyzed, and the current challenges were put forward to provide directions for the early diagnosis of herpes zoster (HZ) in the future. METHODS PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) libraries were searched using the terms "herpes zoster," "before the blistering," "diagnosis," and "neuralgia." Clinical trials, reviews, and case reports were collected and reviewed. The period of literature search is from 1 January 1980 to 1 October 2022. RESULTS The early diagnosis of herpes zoster neuralgia can reduce misdiagnosis and mistreatment, and timely and effective intervention can significantly reduce the incidence of PHN. The body may possess a mechanism that limits the local breakthrough of the virus in the skin, causing blistering later than the onset of pain. Changes in the plasma proteins of patients with varicella-zoster virus shingles neuralgia may be used as an early diagnostic indicator in patients with HZ neuralgia before eruption. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis of HZ neuralgia before eruption can facilitate timely targeted treatment, thereby reducing the incidence of PHN. Proteomic quantitative analysis and validation results can serve as a simple, micro, rapid, and accurate diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Rui Fan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Ming Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhong-Huan-South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhong-Huan-South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhong-Huan-South Road, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
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8
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Boeren M, Meysman P, Laukens K, Ponsaerts P, Ogunjimi B, Delputte P. T cell immunity in HSV-1- and VZV-infected neural ganglia. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:51-61. [PMID: 35987880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herpesviruses hijack the MHC class I (MHC I) and class II (MHC II) antigen-presentation pathways to manipulate immune recognition by T cells. First, we illustrate herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) MHC immune evasion strategies. Next, we describe MHC-T cell interactions in HSV-1- and VZV- infected neural ganglia. Although studies on the topic are scarce, and use different models, most reports indicate that neuronal HSV-1 infection is mainly controlled by CD8+ T cells through noncytolytic mechanisms, whereas VZV seems to be largely controlled through CD4+ T cell-specific immune responses. Autologous human stem-cell-derived in vitro models could substantially aid in elucidating these neuroimmune interactions and are fit for studies on both herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Boeren
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Meysman
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), Antwerp, Belgium; Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (biomina), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), Antwerp, Belgium; Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (biomina), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Infla-med, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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9
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Wu J, Chen H, Yang R, Yu H, Shang S, Hu Y. Short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and psoriasis: A time-series analysis in Beijing, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1015197. [PMID: 36311636 PMCID: PMC9597881 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1015197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) adversely affects human health and has been linked to a variety of skin disorders. However, little is known about the effects of PM2.5 on psoriasis. Methods The Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees database recorded 500,266 outpatient visits for psoriasis during 2010-2017. A generalized additive quasi-Poisson model was used to examine the relationship between daily PM2.5 concentrations and outpatient visits for psoriasis with stratification by sex, age, and season. Results Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with outpatient visits for psoriasis-related health concerns. A same-day increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentrations was associated with a 0.29% (95% confidence interval: 0.26-0.32%) increase in daily outpatient visits for psoriasis. Female and older patients appeared to be more sensitive to the effects of PM2.5 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Short-term elevations in PM2.5 concentrations may be associated with exacerbations in psoriasis. Further work is warranted to confirm the findings and elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Wu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruotong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaomei Shang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shaomei Shang
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Beijing, China,Yonghua Hu
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10
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Th1 regulatory events by infectious pathogens, herpes zoster and herpes simplex viruses: prospects for therapeutic options for atopic eczema. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2022; 39:662-667. [PMID: 36090727 PMCID: PMC9454353 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2022.118920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by viral and bacterial pathogens are typically perceived as harmful, such as in cases of herpes zoster and herpes simplex virus infections. However, clinical observation of an improvement in atopic skin lesions upon herpes virus infection has been noted, particularly at the site of varicella and Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption. Th1 immune cells and cytokines, mobilized and induced for protection against infectious pathogens, are expected to improve Th2 dominant atopic symptoms. This study focuses on Th1 immunoregulatory events mediated by infectious pathogens, particularly herpes viruses. Immunoregulatory events induced by herpes viruses may have a potential therapeutic value for treating atopic eczema.
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11
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Nicoli F, Clave E, Wanke K, von Braun A, Bondet V, Alanio C, Douay C, Baque M, Lependu C, Marconi P, Stiasny K, Heinz FX, Muetsch M, Duffy D, Boddaert J, Sauce D, Toubert A, Karrer U, Appay V. Primary immune responses are negatively impacted by persistent herpesvirus infections in older people: results from an observational study on healthy subjects and a vaccination trial on subjects aged more than 70 years old. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103852. [PMID: 35114631 PMCID: PMC8818547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced age is accompanied by a decline of immune functions, which may play a role in increased vulnerability to emerging pathogens and low efficacy of primary vaccinations in elderly people. The capacity to mount immune responses against new antigens is particularly affected in this population. However, its precise determinants are not fully understood. We aimed here at establishing the influence of persistent viral infections on the naive T-cell compartment and primary immune responsiveness in older adults. Methods We assessed immunological parameters, related to CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responsiveness, according to the serological status for common latent herpesviruses in two independent cohorts: 1) healthy individuals aged 19y to 95y (n = 150) and 2) individuals above 70y old enrolled in a primo-vaccination clinical trial (n = 137). Findings We demonstrate a prevalent effect of age and CMV infection on CD8+ and CD4+ naive T cells, respectively. CMV seropositivity was associated with blunted CD4+ T-cell and antibody responses to primary vaccination. Interpretation These data provide insights on the changes in adaptive immunity over time and the associated decline in vaccine efficacy with ageing. This knowledge is important for the management of emerging infectious diseases in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicoli
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, 75013 Paris, France; Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Kerstin Wanke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amrei von Braun
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Alanio
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France; Laboratoire D'immunologie Clinique, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Corinne Douay
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Margaux Baque
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claire Lependu
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Peggy Marconi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz X Heinz
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Muetsch
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris F-75010, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Histocompatibilité, AP-HP, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Urs Karrer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Victor Appay
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, 75013 Paris, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5164, INSERM ERL1303, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France; International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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12
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Jin W, Fang M, Sayin I, Smith C, Hunter JL, Richardson B, Golden JB, Haley C, Schmader KE, Betts MR, Tyring SK, Cameron CM, Cameron MJ, Canaday DH. Differential CD4+ T-Cell Cytokine and Cytotoxic Responses Between Reactivation and Latent Phases of Herpes Zoster Infection. Pathog Immun 2022; 7:171-188. [PMID: 36865570 PMCID: PMC9973729 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v7i2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD4+ T cells are a critical component of effective immune responses to varicella zoster virus (VZV), but their functional properties during the reactivation acute vs latent phase of infection remain poorly defined. Methods Here we assessed the functional and transcriptomic properties of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in persons with acute herpes zoster (HZ) compared to those with a prior history of HZ infection using multicolor flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Results We found significant differences between the polyfunctionality of VZV-specific total memory, effector memory, and central memory CD4+ T cells in acute vs prior HZ. VZV-specific CD4+ memory T-cell responses in acute HZ reactivation had higher frequencies of IFN-γ and IL-2 producing cells compared to those with prior HZ. In addition, cytotoxic markers were higher in VZV-specific CD4+ T cells than non-VZV-specific cells. Transcriptomic analysis of ex vivo total memory CD4+ T cells from these individuals showed differential regulation of T-cell survival and differentiation pathways, including TCR, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), T helper, inflammation, and MTOR signaling pathways. These gene signatures correlated with the frequency of IFN-γ and IL-2 producing cells responding to VZV. Conclusions In summary, VZV-specific CD4+ T cells from acute HZ individuals had unique functional and transcriptomic features, and VZV-specific CD4+ T cells as a group had a higher expression of cytotoxic molecules including Perforin, Granzyme-B, and CD107a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Jin
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ismail Sayin
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Carson Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jackelyn B Golden
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christopher Haley
- Center for Clinical Studies and Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kenneth E Schmader
- Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center and GRECC, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies and Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cheryl M Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mark J Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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13
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VZV Presenting as Orbital Apex Disorder in an Immunocompetent Young Man: Neuromuscular Image. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 22:42-49. [PMID: 32833723 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Regulatory T cells and vaccine effectiveness in older adults. Challenges and prospects. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107761. [PMID: 34162139 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of lymphocytes with immunosuppressive activity, increasing interest has arisen in their possible influence on the immune response induced by vaccines. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases, and limiting chronic inflammatory diseases. However, they also limit beneficial immune responses by suppressing anti-infectious and anti-tumor immunity. Mounting evidence suggests that Tregs are involved, at least in part, in the low effectiveness of immunization against various diseases where it has been difficult to obtain protective vaccines. Interestingly, increased activity of Tregs is associated with aging, suggesting a key role for these cells in the lower vaccine effectiveness observed in older people. In this review, we analyze the impact of Tregs on vaccination, with a focus on older adults. Finally, we address an overview of current strategies for Tregs modulation with potential application to improve the effectiveness of future vaccines targeting older populations.
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15
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Picard E, Bowdish DME, McElhaney JE, Pawelec G, Loeb M, Verschoor CP. The frequency of interleukin-1β-producing monocytes is significantly associated with varicella-zoster responses of nursing home residents. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 205:63-74. [PMID: 33714219 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the status of the T cell compartment and inflammation-related factors are associated with the immunogenicity of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in older adults; however, little is known about the roles of other immune cell subsets known to influence the generation and maintenance of immunological memory. Responses to a live-attenuated VZV vaccine were studied in relation to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) composition and function in a sample of 30 nursing home residents (aged 80-99 years). Interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) was used to measure VZV responses at baseline and 6 weeks following vaccination, and associations were sought with the frequencies of monocytes and T, B and natural killer (NK) cells and the production and secretion of cytokines following their ex-vivo stimulation with different agents. While only the frequency of interleukin (IL)-6+ CD14+ monocytes was inversely associated with post-vaccination VZV response, amounts of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by PBMCs and the frequency of IL-1β+ CD14+ monocytes was positively correlated with pre-vaccination VZV response. Furthermore, both bivariate correlation and causal mediation analyses supported the notion that IL-1β+ CD14+ monocytes were significant mediators of the associations between IL-1β and TNF secretion by PBMCs and pre-vaccination VZV responses. Our findings implicate a strong cytokine response mediated by inflammatory IL-1β+ monocytes in coordinating responses of long-lived VZV-reactive memory T cells, but with an opposing effect of IL-6+ CD14+ monocytes. Whether monocyte status promotes or inhibits the induction and/or maintenance of these memory T cells later in life has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Picard
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - D M E Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J E McElhaney
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - G Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Loeb
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C P Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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16
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Ageing of Immune System and Response to a Live-Attenuated Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Lung Transplant Candidates. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030202. [PMID: 33671003 PMCID: PMC7997229 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mean age of lung transplant recipients has significantly increased in recent decades. Elderly recipients have a higher risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ), and they have in general a worse response to vaccination than younger persons do. We investigated the relationship between the humoral and cellular immune response to a live-attenuated HZ vaccine (Zostavax®, Merck Sharp and Dohme) and the frequencies of T and B cell subsets, especially aged cell subsets (CD28−T cells and age associated B cells, ABCs). In total, 37 patients awaiting lung transplantation received one dose of Zostavax®, and peripheral blood was collected before and within 6 months after vaccination. We observed a robust immune response after vaccination. The frequencies of CD28−T cells before vaccination had no impact on the subsequent immune response to HZ vaccination. However, a higher frequency of ABCs before vaccination correlated with a lower immune response especially regarding the cellular immune response. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity was associated with increased frequencies of CD28−T cells but not with frequencies of ABCs in the patients. In conclusion, increased levels of ABCs might disturb the cellular immune response to HZ vaccination, which could lower the efficacy of such vaccination in elderly transplant recipients.
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17
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Santoro JD, Saucier LE, Tanna R, Wiegand SE, Pagarkar D, Tempchin AF, Khoshnood M, Ahsan N, Van Haren K. Inadequate Vaccine Responses in Children With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:790159. [PMID: 34926358 PMCID: PMC8678906 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.790159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Immunizations against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), are recommended for patients with pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and may be required prior to initiation of some disease modifying therapies. However, the efficacy of routine vaccine administration in POMS has never been studied. We sought to assess the humoral mediated vaccine response to HBV and VZV in children with POMS. Methods: A multi-center retrospective chart-based review of 62 patients with POMS was performed. Clinical data and antibody titers against HBV and VZV were collected prior to initiation of disease modifying therapy or steroids and compared to institutional control data, using t-test and chi squared analysis. Results: There were low rates of immunity against both HBV and VZV (33 and 25% respectively) among individuals with POMS. Fifteen individuals (24%) were non-immune to both. Compared to institutional control data, individuals with POMS were significantly less likely to be immune to and HBV (p = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.22-0.75) and VZV (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.09-0.39). Interpretation: Individuals with POMS have low rates of antibody-mediated immunity against HBV and VZV, despite receiving the appropriate vaccinations. This suggests an association between POMS and systemic immune dysregulation although further study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura E Saucier
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Runi Tanna
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah E Wiegand
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dania Pagarkar
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adam F Tempchin
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mellad Khoshnood
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nusrat Ahsan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith Van Haren
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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18
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McElhaney JE, Verschoor C, Pawelec G. Zoster Vaccination in Older Adults: Efficacy and Public Health Implications. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1239-1243. [PMID: 30945744 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shingles and its most common disabling complication, post-herpetic neuralgia, represent a serious public health challenge in the older population. The decline in the T-cell-mediated immune response to varicella zoster virus after age 50 is clearly associated with increased risk of viral reactivation, causing an acutely painful zoster rash, which may have a severe prodrome of dermatomal pain and persist as seriously debilitating post-herpetic neuralgia well beyond the resolution of the rash. However, new vaccines and adjuvants are being developed and trialed and are now more effective in preventing shingles and the sequelae of post-herpetic neuralgia. Those vaccines that possess the ability to enhance antigen presentation and reverse memory T-cell exhaustion, as well as diminish the immune suppressive effects of regulatory T cells, are most likely to be effective in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario.,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario.,Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review will outline neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of central nervous system (CNS) infiltrating T cells during viral infections. Evidence demonstrating differential roles for antiviral effector and resident memory T-cell subsets in virologic control and immunopathology in the CNS will be discussed. Potential therapeutic targets emanating from a growing understanding of T-cell-initiated neuropathology that impacts learning and memory will also be delineated. RECENT FINDINGS The critical role for T cells in preventing and clearing CNS infections became incontrovertible during the era of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Recent studies have further defined differential roles of T-cell subsets, including resident memory T cells (Trm), in antiviral immunity and, unexpectedly, in postinfectious cognitive dysfunction. Mechanisms of T-cell-mediated effects include differential innate immune signaling within neural cells that are virus-specific. SUMMARY T-cell cytokines that are essential for cell-mediated virologic control during neurotropic viral infections have recently been identified as potential targets to prevent post-infection memory disorders. Further identification of T-cell subsets, their antigen specificity, and postinfection localization of Trm will enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies through minimization of immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Departments of Medicine
- Pathology and Immunology
- Neurosciences Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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20
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Gustafson CE, Kim C, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Influence of immune aging on vaccine responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1309-1321. [PMID: 32386655 PMCID: PMC7198995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Impaired vaccine responses in older individuals are associated with alterations in both the quantity and quality of the T-cell compartment with age. As reviewed herein, the T-cell response to vaccination requires a fine balance between the generation of inflammatory effector T cells versus follicular helper T (TFH) cells that mediate high-affinity antibody production in tandem with the induction of long-lived memory cells for effective recall immunity. During aging, we find that this balance is tipped where T cells favor short-lived effector but not memory or TFH responses. Consistently, vaccine-induced antibodies commonly display a lower protective capacity. Mechanistically, multiple, potentially targetable, changes in T cells have been identified that contribute to these age-related defects, including posttranscription regulation, T-cell receptor signaling, and metabolic function. Although research into the induction of tissue-specific immunity by vaccines and with age is still limited, current mechanistic insights provide a framework for improved design of age-specific vaccination strategies that require further evaluation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Gustafson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Chulwoo Kim
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, Calif.
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21
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Murata K, Hoshina T, Onoyama S, Tanaka T, Kanno S, Ishimura M, Koga Y, Nakayama H, Ohga S. Reduction in the Number of Varicella-Zoster Virus-Specific T-Cells in Immunocompromised Children with Varicella. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2020; 250:181-190. [PMID: 32213753 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.250.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised hosts. The immune response to VZV of healthy subjects has been rigorously assessed, but little is known about that of immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to clarify the primary response to VZV infection in immunocompromised children. This prospective study enrolled six immunocompromised children (median age, 33 months; range, 20-62) receiving steroids or immunosuppressants, and 10 immunocompetent children (median age, 32 months; range, 15-81) with varicella. The immunocompromised children were three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, two recipients with liver transplantation and one patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Interferon-γ-producing CD69+T-cells produced by VZV stimulation (VZV-specific T-cells) were studied during the acute or convalescent phase. To further address the direct effect of immunosuppressants, we analyzed the number of VZV-specific T-cells after stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy adults with live-attenuated VZV with or without prednisolone, cyclosporine-A, or tacrolimus. The circulating numbers of lymphocytes in the convalescent stage but not acute stage were lower in immunocompromised children compared with immunocompetent children. In the acute stage, immunocompromised patients showed lower VZV-specific CD8+T-cell counts than immunocompetent subjects. In contrast, in the convalescent phase, immunocompromised patients had lower VZV-specific CD4+T-cell counts than immunocompetent hosts. The in vitro culture of activated lymphocytes with prednisolone or immunosuppressants significantly decreased the proportion of VZV-specific CD4+T-cells. In conclusion, the decreased numbers of VZV-specific CD8+T-cells during the acute phase and VZV-specific CD4+T-cells during the convalescent phase of disease may account for severe varicella in immunocompromised children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Murata
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Takayuki Hoshina
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Sagano Onoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Tamami Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Shunsuke Kanno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Masataka Ishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Yuhki Koga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka Higashi Medical Center
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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22
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Patel NP, Vukmanovic-Stejic M, Suarez-Farinas M, Chambers ES, Sandhu D, Fuentes-Duculan J, Mabbott NA, Rustin MHA, Krueger J, Akbar AN. Impact of Zostavax Vaccination on T-Cell Accumulation and Cutaneous Gene Expression in the Skin of Older Humans After Varicella Zoster Virus Antigen-Specific Challenge. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S88-S98. [PMID: 30247603 PMCID: PMC6151076 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The live attenuated vaccine Zostavax was developed to prevent varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation that causes herpes zoster (shingles) in older humans. However, the impact of vaccination on the cutaneous response to VZV is not known. Methods We investigated the response to intradermal VZV antigen challenge before and after Zostavax vaccination in participants >70 years of age by immunohistological and transcriptomic analyses of skin biopsy specimens collected from the challenge site. Results Vaccination increased the proportion of VZV-specific CD4+ T cells in the blood and promoted the accumulation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the skin after VZV antigen challenge. However, Zostavax did not alter the proportion of resident memory T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) or CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in unchallenged skin. After vaccination, there was increased cutaneous T-cell proliferation at the challenge site and also increased recruitment of T cells from the blood, as indicated by an elevated T-cell migratory gene signature. CD8+ T-cell–associated functional genes were also highly induced in the skin after vaccination. Conclusion Zostavax vaccination does not alter the abundance of cutaneous resident memory T cells but instead increases the recruitment of VZV-specific T cells from the blood and enhances T-cell activation, particularly cells of the CD8+ subset, in the skin after VZV antigen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P Patel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London
| | | | - Mayte Suarez-Farinas
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Emma S Chambers
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London
| | - Daisy Sandhu
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London
| | | | - Neil A Mabbott
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London
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23
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Haredy AM, Takei M, Iwamoto SI, Ohno M, Kosaka M, Hirota K, Koketsu R, Okuno T, Ikuta K, Yamanishi K, Ebina H. Quantification of a cell-mediated immune response against varicella zoster virus by assessing responder CD4 high memory cell proliferation in activated whole blood cultures. Vaccine 2019; 37:5225-5232. [PMID: 31358406 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by reactivation of a latent varicella zoster virus (VZV). The potential to develop HZ increases with age due to waning of memory cell-mediated immunity (CMI), mainly the CD4 response. Therefore, VZV-CD4-memory T cells (CD4-M) count in blood could serve as a barometer for HZ protection. However, direct quantification of these cells is known to be difficult because they are few in number in the blood. We thus developed a method to measure the proliferation level of CD4-M cells responding to VZV antigen in whole blood culture. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 32 children (2-15 years old) with or without a history of varicella infection, 18 young adults (28-45 years old), and 80 elderly (50-86 years old) with a history of varicella infection. The elderly group was vaccinated, and blood samples were taken 2 months and 1 year after VZV vaccination. Then, 1 mL of blood was mixed with VZV, diluted 1/10 in medium, and cultured. CD4-M cells were identified and measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS There was distinct proliferation of CD3+CD4highCD45RA-RO+ (CD4high-M) cells specific to VZV antigen at day 9. The majority of CD4high-M cells had the effector memory phenotype CCR7- and was granzyme B-positive. CD4high-M cells were detected in blood culture from varicella-immune but not varicella-non-immune children. Meanwhile, a higher level of CD4high-M proliferation was observed in young adults than in the elderly. The CD4high-M proliferation level was boosted 2 months after VZV vaccination and maintained for at least 1 year in the elderly. CONCLUSION Quantifying VZV responder CD4high -M cell proliferation is a convenient way to measure VZV CMI using small blood volumes. Our method can be applied to measure VZV vaccine-induced CMI in the elderly. Clinical study registry numbers: (www.clinicaltrials.jp) 173532 and 183985.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Haredy
- Biken Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Mitsuyo Kosaka
- Biken Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazue Hirota
- Biken Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Koketsu
- Biken Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiomi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Biken Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamanishi
- Biken Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ebina
- Biken Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Suita, Osaka, Japan
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24
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The Effect of Age on the Immunogenicity of the Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccine Is Predicted by Baseline Regulatory T Cells and Varicella-Zoster Virus-Specific T Cell Immunity. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00305-19. [PMID: 31092579 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00305-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Older age is associated with increased infectious morbidity and decreased immune responses to vaccines, but the mechanisms that mediate this effect are incompletely understood. The efficacy and immunogenicity of the live attenuated zoster vaccine (ZVL) have a very-well-described negative association with the age of the vaccinee. In a study of 600 ZVL recipients 50 to >80 years of age, we investigated immunological factors that might explain the effect of age on the immunogenicity of ZVL. Using FluoroSpot assays and flow cytometry, we determined that varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific peak T helper 1 (VZV-Th1) responses to ZVL were independently predicted by prevaccination VZV-Th1 responses, regulatory T cells (Treg), and PD1-expressing immune checkpoint T cells (Tcheck) but not by the age of the vaccinee. Persistence of VZV-Th1 1 year after vaccination was independently predicted by the factors mentioned above, by peak VZV-Th1 responses to ZVL, and by the age of the vaccinee. We further demonstrated by ex vivo blocking experiments the mechanistic role of PD1 and CTLA4 as modulators of decreased VZV-Th1 responses in the study participants. VZV-specific cytotoxic T cell (VZV-CTL) and T follicular helper responses to ZVL did not correlate with age, but similar to other Th1 responses, VZV-CTL peak and baseline responses were independently correlated. These data expand our understanding of the factors affecting the magnitude and kinetics of T cell responses to ZVL in older adults and show the importance of prevaccination Treg and Tcheck in modulating the immunogenicity of ZVL. This presents new potential interventions to increase vaccine responses in older adults.IMPORTANCE Vaccination is the most effective method to protect older adults against viral infections. However, the immunogenicity of viral vaccines in older adults is notoriously poor. The live attenuated zoster vaccine (ZVL) provides the best example of a gradual decrease of vaccine immunogenicity with every 10-year age increase above 50 years. Here we show that the abundance of regulatory T cells before vaccine administration to older adults has a significant inhibitory effect on immune responses to ZVL and, together with baseline immunity to varicella-zoster virus, explains the effect of age on the immunogenicity of ZVL. Moreover, in vitro blockade of regulatory T cell mechanisms of action with biologic modulators restores immune responses to varicella-zoster virus in vaccinees. Collectively, these observations suggest that immune modulators that block regulatory T cell activity may increase responses to viral attenuated vaccines in older adults.
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25
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Levin MJ, Cai GY, Lee KS, Rouphael NG, Mehta AK, Canniff J, Mulligan MJ, Weinberg A. Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA in Blood After Administration of Herpes Zoster Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1055-1059. [PMID: 29409017 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the relationship between varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNAemia and development of VZV-specific immunity after administration of live-attenuated zoster vaccine. VZV-DNAemia, detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and VZV-specific effector (Teff) and memory (Tmem) T cells, was measured in 67 vaccinees. PCR was positive in 56% (9 direct, 28 nested) on day 1 and in 16% (1 direct, 10 nested) on day 14. Teff progressively increased in direct-PCR-positive vaccinees up to day 30, but Tmem did not. Conversely, Tmem, but not Teff, increased in direct-PCR-negative vaccinees on day 7. The kinetics of these immune responses and VZV DNAemia suggested that direct-PCR sample positive represented viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron J Levin
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Guang-Yun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Katherine S Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta and Hope Clinic, Emory Vaccine Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Aneesh K Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta and Hope Clinic, Emory Vaccine Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Canniff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta and Hope Clinic, Emory Vaccine Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Adriana Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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26
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Abstract
There are two licensed herpes zoster vaccines. One is a live vaccine (ZVL) based on an attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The other is a recombinant vaccine (RZV) based on the VZV glycoprotein E (gE) combined with AS01B, a multicomponent adjuvant system. RZV is superior to ZVL in efficacy, and differs from ZVL in that protection is not diminished by the age of the vaccinee and has not waned significantly during 4 years of follow-up. Immunologic studies demonstrated higher peak memory and persistence of T cell responses in RZV compared with ZVL recipients. RZV recipients also showed development and persistence of polyfunctional T cell responses. Taken together, we conclude that the immunologic data parallel and support the higher efficacy over time of RZV compared with ZVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron J Levin
- a Departments of Pediatrics , University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,b Department of Medicine , University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Adriana Weinberg
- a Departments of Pediatrics , University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,b Department of Medicine , University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,c Department of Pathology , University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
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27
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Gershon AA. Tale of two vaccines: differences in response to herpes zoster vaccines. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4245-4247. [PMID: 30179221 DOI: 10.1172/jci123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
About one-third of the US population will develop herpes zoster (HZ, commonly known as shingles) over a lifetime, while two-thirds will not. It is not clear exactly why certain people are susceptible to HZ; however, we may be coming closer to an answer. In this issue of the JCI, a study by Levin et al. provides important details concerning pathogenesis of and protection from HZ. The authors characterized differences in the immunologic responses induced by two HZ vaccines, the live attenuated zoster vaccine (ZV) and the more recently developed adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) subunit herpes zoster vaccine (HZ/su), in vaccine-naive subjects and those previously vaccinated with HZ. The observed differences in responses paralleled the observed clinical protection of the two zoster vaccines, with HZ/su being superior to HZ. Together, these results seem to explain immunologically why the new subunit vaccine outperforms the live vaccine. These differences may also provide clues as to why HZ develops in the first place.
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28
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Wollina U. [Herpes zoster]. MMW Fortschr Med 2018; 160:35-42. [PMID: 29582274 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-018-0006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Städtisches Klinikum Dresden/Friedrichstadt, Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Friedrichstrasse 41, D-01067, Dresden, Deutschland.
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29
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Teresa Aguado M, Barratt J, Beard JR, Blomberg BB, Chen WH, Hickling J, Hyde TB, Jit M, Jones R, Poland GA, Friede M, Ortiz JR. Report on WHO meeting on immunization in older adults: Geneva, Switzerland, 22-23 March 2017. Vaccine 2018; 36:921-931. [PMID: 29336923 PMCID: PMC5865389 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many industrialized countries have implemented routine immunization policies for older adults, but similar strategies have not been widely implemented in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In March 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened a meeting to identify policies and activities to promote access to vaccination of older adults, specifically in LMICs. Participants included academic and industry researchers, funders, civil society organizations, implementers of global health interventions, and stakeholders from developing countries with adult immunization needs. These experts reviewed vaccine performance in older adults, the anticipated impact of adult vaccination programs, and the challenges and opportunities of building or strengthening an adult and older adult immunization platforms. Key conclusions of the meeting were that there is a need for discussion of new opportunities for vaccination of all adults as well as for vaccination of older adults, as reflected in the recent shift by WHO to a life-course approach to immunization; that immunization in adults should be viewed in the context of a much broader model based on an individual's abilities rather than chronological age; and that immunization beyond infancy is a global priority that can be successfully integrated with other interventions to promote healthy ageing. As WHO is looking ahead to a global Decade of Healthy Ageing starting in 2020, it will seek to define a roadmap for interdisciplinary collaborations to integrate immunization with improving access to preventive and other healthcare interventions for adults worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Barratt
- International Federation on Ageing, Toronto, Canada.
| | - John R Beard
- Ageing and Life Course, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Terri B Hyde
- Vaccine Introduction Team, Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mark Jit
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Martin Friede
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Justin R Ortiz
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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