1
|
Lin X, Zhao Z, Cai Y, He Y, Wang J, Liu N, Qin Y, Wu Y. MyD88 deficiency in mammary epithelial cells attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 739:150569. [PMID: 39186869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Lactation mastitis is a debilitating inflammatory mammary disease in postpartum animals. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 is the key downstream adapter for innate pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which plays an important role in inflammation. However, the specific role of MyD88 in mammary epithelial cells in the progression of mastitis has not been investigated. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse mastitis model was used and cytokines such as Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6, Cxcl1, Cxcl2 and Ccl2 were significantly increased in inflammatory mammary gland as shown by real time-qPCR. However, the mice with MyD88-deficienet in mammary epithelial cells (cKO) showed a reduction in the expression of Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6, Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 in mammary gland compared with control mice, when subjected to LPS induced mastitis. Immunohistochemical staining of cleaved caspase-3 showed that the cell apoptosis induced by inflammation were decreased in MyD88 cKO mice. Furthermore, there were significantly fewer infiltrating inflammatory cells in alveolar lumen of MyD88 cKO mice, including Ly6G-positive neutrophils and F4/80-positive macrophages. RNA-seq in LPS treated mammary glands showed that MyD88 cKO mice had significantly downregulated inflammation-related genes and upregulated genes related to anti-inflammation processes and lipid metabolism compared with control mice. Thus, these results demonstrate that MyD88 in mammary epithelial cells is essential for mastitis progression. And this study not only has important implications for understanding the innate immune response in mammary epithelial cells, but also potentially helps the development of new therapeutic drugs for treating mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifeilong He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Venkatasubramanian S, Plumlee CR, Dill-McFarland KA, Cohen SB, Gern BH, Rane DA, Meyer MK, Saha A, Hinderstein SA, Pearson GL, Lietzke AC, Pacheco A, Chow YH, Hung CF, Soleimanpour SA, Altman M, Urdahl KB, Shah JA. TOLLIP inhibits lipid accumulation and the integrated stress response in alveolar macrophages to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:949-963. [PMID: 38528148 PMCID: PMC11034867 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A polymorphism causing deficiencies in Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP), an inhibitory adaptor protein affecting endosomal trafficking, is associated with increased tuberculosis (TB) risk. It is, however, unclear how TOLLIP affects TB pathogenesis. Here we show that TB severity is increased in Tollip-/- mice, characterized by macrophage- and T cell-driven inflammation, foam cell formation and lipid accumulation. Tollip-/- alveolar macrophages (AM) specifically accumulated lipid and underwent necrosis. Transcriptional and protein analyses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected, Tollip-/- AM revealed increased EIF2 signalling and downstream upregulation of the integrated stress response (ISR). These phenotypes were linked, as incubation of the Mtb lipid mycolic acid with Mtb-infected Tollip-/- AM activated the ISR and increased Mtb replication. Correspondingly, the ISR inhibitor, ISRIB, reduced Mtb numbers in AM and improved Mtb control, overcoming the inflammatory phenotype. In conclusion, targeting the ISR offers a promising target for host-directed anti-TB therapy towards improved Mtb control and reduced immunopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara B Cohen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin H Gern
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Divya A Rane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Aparajita Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gemma L Pearson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne C Lietzke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amanda Pacheco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chi F Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott A Soleimanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew Altman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin B Urdahl
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Javeed A Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Picard K, Dolhan K, Watters JJ, Tremblay MÈ. Microglia and Sleep Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:357-377. [PMID: 39207702 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a physiological state that is essential for maintaining physical and mental health. Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation therefore have many adverse effects, including an increased risk of metabolic diseases and a decline in cognitive function that may be implicated in the long-term development of neurodegenerative diseases. There is increasing evidence that microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and the CNS response to sleep alteration and deprivation. In this chapter, we will discuss the involvement of microglia in various sleep disorders, including sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia, narcolepsy, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, and idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder. We will also explore the impact of acute and chronic sleep deprivation on microglial functions. Moreover, we will look into the potential involvement of microglia in sleep disorders as a comorbidity to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Picard
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kira Dolhan
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jyoti J Watters
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kawka M, Płocińska R, Płociński P, Pawełczyk J, Słomka M, Gatkowska J, Dzitko K, Dziadek B, Dziadek J. The functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages to serum amyloid A and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238132. [PMID: 37781389 PMCID: PMC10540855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the course of tuberculosis (TB), the level of major acute phase protein, namely serum amyloid A (hSAA-1), increases up to a hundredfold in the pleural fluids of infected individuals. Tubercle bacilli infecting the human host can be opsonized by hSAA-1, which affects bacterial entry into human macrophages and their intracellular multiplication. Methods We applied global RNA sequencing to evaluate the functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), isolated from healthy blood donors, under elevated hSAA-1 conditions and during infection with nonopsonized and hSAA-1-opsonized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the same infection model, we also examined the functional response of mycobacteria to the intracellular environment of macrophages in the presence and absence of hSAA-1. The RNASeq analysis was validated using qPCR. The functional response of MDMs to hSAA-1 and/or tubercle bacilli was also evaluated for selected cytokines at the protein level by applying the Milliplex system. Findings Transcriptomes of MDMs cultured in the presence of hSAA-1 or infected with Mtb showed a high degree of similarity for both upregulated and downregulated genes involved mainly in processes related to cell division and immune response, respectively. Among the most induced genes, across both hSAA-1 and Mtb infection conditions, CXCL8, CCL15, CCL5, IL-1β, and receptors for IL-7 and IL-2 were identified. We also observed the same pattern of upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-1) and downregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGFβ, and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin) in the hSAA-1 treated-MDMs or the phagocytes infected with tubercle bacilli. At this early stage of infection, Mtb genes affected by the inside microenvironment of MDMs are strictly involved in iron scavenging, adaptation to hypoxia, low pH, and increasing levels of CO2. The genes for the synthesis and transport of virulence lipids, but not cholesterol/fatty acid degradation, were also upregulated. Conclusion Elevated serum hSAA-1 levels in tuberculosis enhance the response of host phagocytes to infection, including macrophages that have not yet been in contact with mycobacteria. SAA induces antigen processing and presentation processes by professional phagocytes reversing the inhibition caused by Mtb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Kawka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Płocińska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Pawełczyk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Słomka
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Gatkowska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alkarni M, Lipman M, Lowe DM. The roles of neutrophils in non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:14. [PMID: 36800956 PMCID: PMC9938600 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) is an increasingly recognised global health issue. Studies have suggested that neutrophils may play an important role in controlling NTM infection and contribute to protective immune responses within the early phase of infection. However, these cells are also adversely associated with disease progression and exacerbation and can contribute to pathology, for example in the development of bronchiectasis. In this review, we discuss the key findings and latest evidence regarding the diverse functions of neutrophils in NTM infection. First, we focus on studies that implicate neutrophils in the early response to NTM infection and the evidence reporting neutrophils' capability to kill NTM. Next, we present an overview of the positive and negative effects that characterise the bidirectional relationship between neutrophils and adaptive immunity. We consider the pathological role of neutrophils in driving the clinical phenotype of NTM-PD including bronchiectasis. Finally, we highlight the current promising treatments in development targeting neutrophils in airways diseases. Clearly, more insights on the roles of neutrophils in NTM-PD are needed in order to inform both preventative strategies and host-directed therapy for these important infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meyad Alkarni
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PP UK
| | - Marc Lipman
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M. Lowe
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PP UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu W, Koch BEV, Lamers GEM, Forn-Cuní G, Spaink HP. Specificity of the innate immune responses to different classes of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1075473. [PMID: 36741407 PMCID: PMC9890051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species causing infectious disease. Here, we characterized a M. avium infection model in zebrafish larvae, and compared it to M. marinum infection, a model of tuberculosis. M. avium bacteria are efficiently phagocytosed and frequently induce granuloma-like structures in zebrafish larvae. Although macrophages can respond to both mycobacterial infections, their migration speed is faster in infections caused by M. marinum. Tlr2 is conservatively involved in most aspects of the defense against both mycobacterial infections. However, Tlr2 has a function in the migration speed of macrophages and neutrophils to infection sites with M. marinum that is not observed with M. avium. Using RNAseq analysis, we found a distinct transcriptome response in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction for M. avium and M. marinum infection. In addition, we found differences in gene expression in metabolic pathways, phagosome formation, matrix remodeling, and apoptosis in response to these mycobacterial infections. In conclusion, we characterized a new M. avium infection model in zebrafish that can be further used in studying pathological mechanisms for NTM-caused diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Park HE, Lee W, Choi S, Jung M, Shin MK, Shin SJ. Modulating macrophage function to reinforce host innate resistance against Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931876. [PMID: 36505429 PMCID: PMC9730288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the main causative agent of infectious diseases in humans among nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that are ubiquitous organisms found in environmental media such as soil as well as in domestic and natural waters. MAC is a primary causative agent of NTM-lung disease that threaten immunocompromised or structural lung disease patients. The incidence and the prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection have been reduced, while MAC infections and mortality rates have increased, making it a cause of global health concern. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of long-term drug use have led to a poor outcome of treatment regimens against MAC infections. Therefore, the development of host-directed therapy (HDT) has recently gained interest, aiming to accelerate mycobacterial clearance and reversing lung damage by employing the immune system using a novel adjuvant strategy to improve the clinical outcome of MAC infection. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the innate immune responses that contribute to MAC infection focusing on macrophages, chief innate immune cells, and host susceptibility factors in patients. We also discuss potential HDTs that can act on the signaling pathway of macrophages, thereby contributing to antimycobacterial activity as a part of the innate immune response during MAC infection. Furthermore, this review provides new insights into MAC infection control that modulates and enhances macrophage function, promoting host antimicrobial activity in response to potential HDTs and thus presenting a deeper understanding of the interactions between macrophages and MACs during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Wonsik Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,*Correspondence: Min-Kyoung Shin, ; Sung Jae Shin,
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Min-Kyoung Shin, ; Sung Jae Shin,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gupta AK, Das S, Kamran M, Ejazi SA, Ali N. The Pathogenicity and Virulence of Leishmania - interplay of virulence factors with host defenses. Virulence 2022; 13:903-935. [PMID: 35531875 PMCID: PMC9154802 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2074130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. Infection by different species of Leishmania results in various host immune responses, which usually lead to parasite clearance and may also contribute to pathogenesis and, hence, increasing the complexity of the disease. Interestingly, the parasite tends to reside within the unfriendly environment of the macrophages and has evolved various survival strategies to evade or modulate host immune defense. This can be attributed to the array of virulence factors of the vicious parasite, which target important host functioning and machineries. This review encompasses a holistic overview of leishmanial virulence factors, their role in assisting parasite-mediated evasion of host defense weaponries, and modulating epigenetic landscapes of host immune regulatory genes. Furthermore, the review also discusses the diagnostic potential of various leishmanial virulence factors and the advent of immunomodulators as futuristic antileishmanial drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Gupta
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sonali Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mohd Kamran
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Macrophages, and Host Innate Immune Response. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0081220. [PMID: 34097459 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00812-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered opportunistic infections, incidence and prevalence of NTM infection are increasing worldwide becoming a major public health threat. Innate immunity plays an essential role in mediating the initial host response against these intracellular bacteria. Specifically, macrophages phagocytose and eliminate NTM and act as antigen-presenting cells, which trigger downstream activation of cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses. Identification of macrophage receptors, mycobacterial ligands, phagosome maturation, autophagy/necrosis, and escape mechanisms are important components of this immunity network. The role of the macrophage in mycobacterial disease has mainly been studied in tuberculosis (TB), but limited information exists on its role in NTM. In this review, we focus on NTM immunity, the role of macrophages, and host interaction in NTM infection.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mattoo R. Targeting emerging Mycobacterium avium infections: perspectives into pathways and antimicrobials for future interventions. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:753-764. [PMID: 34227394 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, globally. Infections caused by M. avium are laborious to treat and could result in drug resistance. This review discusses the importance of many factors including the cell wall in M. avium pathogenesis, since this unique structure modulates the pathogen's ability to thrive in various hosts and environmental niches including conferring resistance to killing by antimicrobials. More research efforts in future are solicited to develop novel therapeutics targeting M. avium. The complete eradication of M. avium infection in immunocompromised individuals would need a deeper understanding of the source of infection, unique underlying mechanisms and its uncharacterized pathways. This could, perhaps in future, hold the key to target and treat M. avium more effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Mattoo
- Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Haider HF, Hoare DJ, Ribeiro SF, Ribeiro D, Caria H, Trigueiros N, Borrego LM, Szczepek AJ, Papoila AL, Elarbed A, da Luz Martins M, Paço J, Sereda M. Evidence for biological markers of tinnitus: A systematic review. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:345-398. [PMID: 33931188 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Subjective tinnitus is a phantom sound heard only by the affected person and may be a symptom of various diseases. Tinnitus diagnosis and monitoring is based on subjective audiometric and psychometric methods. This review aimed to synthesize evidence for tinnitus presence or its severity. We searched several electronic databases, citation searches of the included primary studies through Web of Science, and further hand searches. At least two authors performed all systematic review steps. Sixty-two records were included and were categorized according the biological variable. Evidence for possible tinnitus biomarkers come from oxidative stress, interleukins, steroids and neurotransmitters categories. We found conflicting evidence for full blood count, vitamins, lipid profile, neurotrophic factors, or inorganic ions. There was no evidence for an association between tinnitus and the remaining categories. The current review evidences that larger studies, with stricter exclusion criteria and powerful harmonized methodological design are needed. Protocol published on PROSPERO (CRD42017070998).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haúla F Haider
- ENT Department, Hospital Cuf Tejo-Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; CUF Academic and Research Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Derek J Hoare
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sara F Ribeiro
- ENT Department, Hospital Cuf Tejo-Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; CUF Academic and Research Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Ribeiro
- ENT Department, Hospital Cuf Tejo-Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; CUF Academic and Research Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Caria
- Deafness Research Group, BTR Unit, BioISI, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Portugal; ESS/IPS-Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, Portugal
| | - Nuno Trigueiros
- ENT Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Borrego
- Department of Immunology, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Immunoallergy, LUZ SAUDE, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Agnieszka J Szczepek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Luísa Papoila
- Bioestatistics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Asma Elarbed
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria da Luz Martins
- ENT Department, Hospital Cuf Tejo-Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; CUF Academic and Research Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paço
- ENT Department, Hospital Cuf Tejo-Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; CUF Academic and Research Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Sereda
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ravesloot-Chávez MM, Van Dis E, Stanley SA. The Innate Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:611-637. [PMID: 33637017 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-010426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells are the first to encounter M. tuberculosis, and their response dictates the course of infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) activate the adaptive response and determine its characteristics. Macrophages are responsible both for exerting cell-intrinsic antimicrobial control and for initiating and maintaining inflammation. The inflammatory response to M. tuberculosis infection is a double-edged sword. While cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 are important for protection, either excessive or insufficient cytokine production results in progressive disease. Furthermore, neutrophils-cells normally associated with control of bacterial infection-are emerging as key drivers of a hyperinflammatory response that results in host mortality. The roles of other innate cells, including natural killer cells and innate-like T cells, remain enigmatic. Understanding the nuances of both cell-intrinsic control of infection and regulation of inflammation will be crucial for the successful development of host-targeted therapeutics and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Van Dis
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; ,
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prasla Z, Sutliff RL, Sadikot RT. Macrophage Signaling Pathways in Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:144-151. [PMID: 32160017 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0241tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease is rising worldwide and accounts for most clinical cases of NTM disease. NTM infections occur in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Macrophages are the primary host cells that initiate an immune response to NTM. Defining the molecular events that govern the control of infection within macrophages is fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis of NTM disease. Here, we review key macrophage host signaling pathways that contribute to the host immune response to pulmonary NTM infections. In this review, we focus primarily on NTM that are known to cause lung disease, including Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, M. abscessus, and M. kansasii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Prasla
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Ruxana T Sadikot
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124351. [PMID: 32570978 PMCID: PMC7352966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are steadily increasing worldwide, partially due to the increased incidence of immunocompromised conditions, such as the post-transplantation state. The importance of proper diagnosis and management of NTM infection has been recently recognized. Host immunological responses play integral roles in vulnerability to NTM infections, and may contribute to the onset of specific types of NTM infection. Furthermore, distinct NTM species are known to affect and attenuate these host immune responses in unique manners. Therefore, host immune responses must be understood with respect to each causative NTM species. Here, we review innate, cellular-mediated, and humoral immunity to NTM and provide perspectives on novel diagnostic approaches regarding each NTM species.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ratnatunga CN, Lutzky VP, Kupz A, Doolan DL, Reid DW, Field M, Bell SC, Thomson RM, Miles JJ. The Rise of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 32194556 PMCID: PMC7062685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and number of deaths from non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease have been steadily increasing globally. These lesser known “cousins” of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) were once thought to be harmless environmental saprophytics and only dangerous to individuals with defective lung structure or the immunosuppressed. However, NTM are now commonly infecting seemingly immune competent children and adults at increasing rates through pulmonary infection. This is of concern as the pathology of NTM is difficult to treat. Indeed, NTM have become extremely antibiotic resistant, and now have been found to be internationally dispersed through person-to-person contact. The reasons behind this NTM increase are only beginning to be elucidated. Solutions to the problem are needed given NTM disease is more common in the tropics. Importantly, 40% of the world's population live in the tropics and due to climate change, the Tropics are expanding which will increase NTM infection regions. This review catalogs the global and economic disease burden, at risk populations, treatment options, host-bacterial interaction, immune dynamics, recent developments and research priorities for NTM disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Champa N. Ratnatunga
- The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Champa N. Ratnatunga
| | - Viviana P. Lutzky
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - David W. Reid
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew Field
- The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott C. Bell
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel M. Thomson
- Immunology Department, Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John J. Miles
- The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- John J. Miles
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Emergent coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV can cause significant morbidity and mortality in infected individuals. Lung infection is a common clinical feature and contributes to disease severity as well as viral transmission. Animal models are often required to study viral infections and therapies, especially during an initial outbreak. Histopathology studies allow for identification of lesions and affected cell types to better understand viral pathogenesis and clarify effective therapies. Use of immunostaining allows detection of presumed viral receptors and viral tropism for cells can be evaluated to correlate with lesions. In the lung, lesions and immunostaining can be qualitatively described to define the cell types, microanatomic location, and type of changes seen. These features are important and necessary, but this approach can have limitations when comparing treatment groups. Semiquantitative and quantitative tissue scores are more rigorous as these provide the ability to statistically compare groups and increase the reproducibility and rigor of the study. This review describes principles, approaches, and resources that can be useful to evaluate coronavirus lung infection, focusing on MER-CoV infection as the principal example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pal A, Pal A, Mallick AI, Biswas P, Chatterjee PN. Molecular characterization of Bu-1 and TLR2 gene in Haringhata Black chicken. Genomics 2020; 112:472-483. [PMID: 30902756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Haringhata Black is the only registered indigenous poultry genetic resource of West Bengal till date. Molecular characterization of HB revealed that Bu-1 to be highly glycoylated transmembrane protein unlike mammalian Bu-1, whereas TLR2 of HB chicken was observed to be rich in Leucine rich repeat. HB chicken was observed to be genetically close to chicken of Japan, while distant to chicken breed of UK and Chicago. Avian species wise evolution study indicates genetic closeness of HB chicken with turkey. Differential mRNA expression profile for the immune response genes (TLR2, TLR4 and Bu1 gene) were studied for HB chicken with respect to other chicken breed and poultry birds, which reveals that HB chicken were better in terms of B cell mediated immunity and hence better response to vaccination. Hence HB chicken is one of the best poultry genetic resources to be reared under backyard system where biosecurity measures are almost lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Pal
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata 37, India.
| | - Abantika Pal
- Indian Institute of technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | | | - P Biswas
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata 37, India
| | - P N Chatterjee
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata 37, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim WS, Yoon JH, Shin MK, Shin SJ. Infection of Dendritic Cells With Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis Exhibits a Functionally Tolerogenic Phenotype in Response to Toll-Like Receptor Agonists via IL-10/Cox2/PGE2/EP2 Axis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1795. [PMID: 31440223 PMCID: PMC6692481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) is the most common agent causing nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in humans. It mainly causes chronic and slowly progressive pulmonary disease (PD), which requires a long-term treatment and allows opportunistic co-infection by common pulmonary pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus spp., thereby resulting in alteration of host immune response. In the present study, we investigated the phenotypical and functional alterations of dendritic cells (DCs), a bridge antigen-presenting cell between innate and adaptive immunity, following MAH infection in response to various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists mimicking co-infection conditions, along with subsequent T cell response. Interestingly, MAH-infected DCs produced interleukin (IL)-10 significantly and decreased the level of IL-12p70 in response to Poly I:C and LPS, although not so in response to Pam3CSK4, imiquimod, or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, thereby indicating that the TLR3 and TLR4 agonists functionally altered MAH-infected DCs toward a tolerogenic phenotype. Moreover, IL-10-producing tolerogenic DCs were remarkably induced by MAH and P. aeruginosa co-infection. To precisely elucidate how these TLR agonists induce tolerogenic DCs upon MAH infection, we sought to clarify the major mechanisms involved, using LPS, which caused the greatest increase in IL-10 production by the TLR agonists. Increased IL-10 stimulated the creation of tolerogenic DCs by significantly reducing MHC class II expression and MHC class II-antigen presentation, eventually inhibiting CD4+ T cell proliferation, along with decreased IFN-γ and IL-2. The tolerogenic phenotypes of MAH/LPS-treated DCs were restored by anti-IL-10 neutralization, validating the induction of tolerogenicity by IL-10. Interestingly, IL-10-producing-tolerogenic DCs were observed after infection with live MAH, rather than with inactivated or dead MAH. In addition, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- DCs confirmed the association of IL-10 production with TLR2 and TLR4 signaling; IL-10 production synergistically increased when both TLR4 and TLR2 were involved. Expression of Cox2 and PGE2 increased along with IL-10 while that of IL-10 was inhibited by their selective inhibitors celecoxib and anti-EP2 antibody, respectively. Thus, the tolerogenic phenotypes of MAH/LPS-treated DCs were proven to be induced by Cox-2/PGE2-dependent EP2 signaling as the main mechanism. These findings may provide important clues that the tolerogenic cascade in MAH-infected DCs induced by TLR 4 signaling can alter host immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cowman SA, Jacob J, Hansell DM, Kelleher P, Wilson R, Cookson WOC, Moffatt MF, Loebinger MR. Whole-Blood Gene Expression in Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 58:510-518. [PMID: 29206475 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0230oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors predisposing toward the development of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (pNTM) disease and influencing disease progression remain unclear. Impaired immune responses have been reported in individuals with pNTM disease, but data are limited and inconsistent. In this study, we sought to use gene expression profiling to examine the host response to pNTM disease. Microarray analysis of whole-blood gene expression was performed on 25 subjects with pNTM disease and 27 uninfected control subjects with respiratory disease. Gene expression results were compared with phenotypic variables and survival data. Compared with uninfected control subjects, pNTM disease was associated with downregulation of 213 transcripts enriched for terms related to T cell signaling, including IFNG. Reduced IFNG expression was associated with more severe computed tomography changes and impaired lung function. Mortality was associated with the expression of transcripts related to the innate immune response and inflammation, whereas transcripts related to T and B cell function were associated with improved survival. These findings suggest that pNTM disease is associated with an aberrant immune response, which may reflect an underlying propensity to infection or result from NTM infection itself. There were important differences in the immune response associated with survival and mortality in pNTM disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Cowman
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,2 Host Defence Unit and
| | - Joseph Jacob
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,3 Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Hansell
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,3 Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kelleher
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,2 Host Defence Unit and
| | - Robert Wilson
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,2 Host Defence Unit and
| | - William O C Cookson
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Loebinger
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,2 Host Defence Unit and
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sepehri Z, Kiani Z, Kohan F, Ghavami S. Toll-Like Receptor 4 as an Immune Receptor Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Systematic Review. Lab Med 2019; 50:117-129. [PMID: 30124945 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the main Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the roles played by toll-like receptor (TLR)4 in determination of Mtb infection outcome. METHODS Several scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were used for searching appropriate research articles from the literature for information on our topic. RESULTS TLR4 plays positive roles in induction of immune responses against Mtb and participates in eradication of the infection. Some limited investigations approved the roles of TLR4 in induction of apoptosis in macrophages during tuberculosis (TB) and attenuation of immune responses in some situations. CONCLUSIONS TB outcome appears to be dependent on TLR4/Mtb interaction and several factors, including bacterial load and immune or nonimmune cells, as hosts. Also, other TLR/Mtb interactions can affect TLR4 responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sepehri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Zohre Kiani
- Zabol Medicinal Plant Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran and Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farhad Kohan
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nova Z, Skovierova H, Calkovska A. Alveolar-Capillary Membrane-Related Pulmonary Cells as a Target in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040831. [PMID: 30769918 PMCID: PMC6412348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lungs is oxygen transport from the atmosphere into the blood circulation, while it is necessary to keep the pulmonary tissue relatively free of pathogens. This is a difficult task because the respiratory system is constantly exposed to harmful substances entering the lungs by inhalation or via the blood stream. Individual types of lung cells are equipped with the mechanisms that maintain pulmonary homeostasis. Because of the clinical significance of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) the article refers to the physiological role of alveolar epithelial cells type I and II, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and fibroblasts. However, all these cells can be damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which can reach the airspaces as the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and lead to local and systemic inflammation and toxicity. We also highlight a negative effect of LPS on lung cells related to alveolar-capillary barrier and their response to LPS exposure. Additionally, we describe the molecular mechanism of LPS signal transduction pathway in lung cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nova
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Henrieta Skovierova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Molecular Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guo B, Liu S, Li J, Liao Z, Liu H, Xia H, Qi P. Identification and functional characterization of three myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) isoforms from thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:123-133. [PMID: 30205204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a pivotal adapter protein that involved in interleukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) signal transduction, which could spur downstream cascades and eventually drawn into innate immune response. MyD88 has been extensively studied in vertebrates, however, the information ascribe to MyD88 in invertebrates is still very scarce especially its function annotation remains extremely obscure. At here, three novel MyD88 isoforms termed McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c were firstly cloned from thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c shared domain topology containing the Death domain (DD) and TIR domain (TIR) with its counterparts in mammals. All three McMyD88s were ubiquitously expressed in examined tissues in thick shell mussel, with the higher expression levels in immune-related tissues such as haemocytes, gills and digestive glands. Upon Vibrio alginolyticus, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c transcripts were significantly induced in haemocytes despite of differential expression levels and responsive time points. Overexpression of McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c showed a dose-dependent induction to NF-κB or ISRE in mammalian cell lines. Taken together, these results suggested that McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c are members of MyD88 family and play potential roles in innate immune response to pathogenic invasions in thick shell mussel. Moreover, these results suggested indirectly the existence of a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in thick shell mussel, and provide insight into the immunoregulatory effect in molluscs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Shuobo Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jiji Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Hu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient, Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
MicroRNA-27a controls the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by regulating calcium-associated autophagy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4295. [PMID: 30327467 PMCID: PMC6191460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills millions every year, and there is urgent need to develop novel anti-TB agents due to the fast-growing of drug-resistant TB. Although autophagy regulates the intracellular survival of Mtb, the role of calcium (Ca2+) signaling in modulating autophagy during Mtb infection remains largely unknown. Here, we show that microRNA miR-27a is abundantly expressed in active TB patients, Mtb-infected mice and macrophages. The target of miR-27a is the ER-located Ca2+ transporter CACNA2D3. Targeting of this transporter leads to the downregulation of Ca2+ signaling, thus inhibiting autophagosome formation and promoting the intracellular survival of Mtb. Mice lacking of miR-27a and mice treated with an antagomir to miR-27a are more resistant to Mtb infection. Our findings reveal a strategy for Mtb to increase intracellular survival by manipulating the Ca2+-associated autophagy, and may also support the development of host-directed anti-TB therapeutic approaches. How Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) escapes autophagy-mediated clearance is poorly understood. Here, Liu et al. show that Mtb-induced MicroRNA-27a targets the ER-associated calcium transporter CACNA2D3, leading to suppression of antimicrobial autophagy and to enhanced intracellular survival of Mtb.
Collapse
|
24
|
Long T, Liu Z, Shang J, Zhou X, Yu S, Tian H, Bao Y. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides play anti-cancer effect through TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:813-821. [PMID: 29343453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-cancer effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into normal saline (NS) group, adriamycin (ADM) group, PSP group and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group. RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without TLR4 inhibitor or MyD88 inhibitor. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions, respectively. ELISA and Griess reaction was used to measure cytokines and NO levels. Flow cytometry was employed to examine T-lymphocyte subset and CCK-8 assay was used for cell viability. RESULTS The in vivo experiment found that PSP inhibited tumor growth and improved the spleen index, thymus index, the cytokines secretion and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes ratio. Compared with the NS group, the mRNA and protein expressions of the critical nodes inTLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways (except TRAM) significantly increased in PSP group, as well as the NO and cytokines levels. Nevertheless, PSP had no obvious effects on TRAM. Further analysis showed that PSP effects on the critical nodes in TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways were suppressed by inhibitor in vitro. CONCLUSION The immunoenhancement effect of PSP against lung cancer is mediated by TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- The Second Clinic College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingchuan Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yixi Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Contribution of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) to control Mycobacterium avium infection. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:527-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
26
|
Li M, Chen LX, Chen SR, Deng Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Li SP. Non-starch polysaccharide from Chinese yam activated RAW 264.7 macrophages through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
27
|
Shah JA, Musvosvi M, Shey M, Horne DJ, Wells RD, Peterson GJ, Cox JS, Daya M, Hoal EG, Lin L, Gottardo R, Hanekom WA, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M, Hawn TR. A Functional Toll-Interacting Protein Variant Is Associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Specific Immune Responses and Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:502-511. [PMID: 28463648 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201611-2346oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The molecular mechanisms that regulate tuberculosis susceptibility and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced immunity are mostly unknown. However, induction of the adaptive immune response is a critical step in host control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP) is a ubiquitin-binding protein that regulates innate immune responses, including Toll-like receptor signaling, which initiate adaptive immunity. TOLLIP variation is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis, but the mechanism by which it regulates tuberculosis immunity is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To identify functional TOLLIP variants and evaluate the role of TOLLIP variation on innate and adaptive immune responses to mycobacteria and susceptibility to tuberculosis. METHODS We used human cellular immunology approaches to characterize the role of a functional TOLLIP variant on monocyte mRNA expression and M. tuberculosis-induced monocyte immune functions. We also examined the association of TOLLIP variation with BCG-induced T-cell responses and susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We identified a functional TOLLIP promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs5743854, which was associated with decreased TOLLIP mRNA expression in infant monocytes. After M. tuberculosis infection, TOLLIP-deficient monocytes demonstrated increased IL-6, increased nitrite, and decreased bacterial replication. The TOLLIP-deficiency G/G genotype was associated with decreased BCG-specific IL-2+ CD4+ T-cell frequency and proliferation. This genotype was also associated with increased susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS TOLLIP deficiency is associated with decreased BCG-specific T-cell responses and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. We hypothesize that the heightened antibacterial monocyte responses after vaccination of TOLLIP-deficient infants are responsible for decreased BCG-specific T-cell responses. Activating TOLLIP may provide a novel adjuvant strategy for BCG vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javeed A Shah
- 1 University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,2 Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Muki Shey
- 3 South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and.,4 Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David J Horne
- 1 University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard D Wells
- 1 University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jeffery S Cox
- 5 University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Michelle Daya
- 6 Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- 6 Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Lin Lin
- 7 Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | - Willem A Hanekom
- 3 South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and.,4 Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- 3 South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and.,4 Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- 3 South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and.,4 Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- 1 University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gidon A, Åsberg SE, Louet C, Ryan L, Haug M, Flo TH. Persistent mycobacteria evade an antibacterial program mediated by phagolysosomal TLR7/8/MyD88 in human primary macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006551. [PMID: 28806745 PMCID: PMC5570494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria reside in macrophages where they avoid lysosomal targeting and degradation through poorly understood mechanisms proposed to involve arrest of phagosomal maturation at an early endosomal stage. A clear understanding of how this relates to host defenses elicited from various intracellular compartments is also missing and can only be studied using techniques allowing single cell and subcellular analyses. Using confocal imaging of human primary macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium (Mav) we show evidence that Mav phagosomes are not arrested at an early endosomal stage, but mature to a (LAMP1+/LAMP2+/CD63+) late endosomal/phagolysosomal stage where inflammatory signaling and Mav growth restriction is initiated through a mechanism involving Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8, the adaptor MyD88 and transcription factors NF-κB and IRF-1. Furthermore, a fraction of the mycobacteria re-establish in a less hostile compartment (LAMP1-/LAMP2-/CD63-) where they not only evade destruction, but also recognition by TLRs, growth restriction and inflammatory host responses that could be detrimental for intracellular survival and establishment of chronic infections. Mycobacterium avium is increasingly reported as a causative agent of non-tuberculous disease in immunocompromised patients and in individuals with underlying disease or using immunosuppressant drugs, with prevalence often higher than the more pathogenic M. tuberculosis in developed countries. Both M. avium and M. tuberculosis cause persistent infections by surviving inside host macrophages. Here, we identify from which compartment M. avium evoke inflammatory signaling in human primary macrophages, and the pattern-recognition receptors involved. In essence, we present three key findings: 1) M. avium phagosomes are not arrested at an early endosomal stage, but rather mature normally into phagolysosomes from where a fraction of the bacteria escape and re-establish in a new compartment. 2) In addition to avoiding degradation in phagolysosomes, by escaping M. avium also evade inflammatory signaling. 3) M. avium unable to escape is degraded in phagolysosomes and recognized by Toll-like receptors 7 and 8. Our results can contribute to new understanding of intracellular infections, and thus have vital clinical implications for development of novel anti-microbial strategies and host-targeted therapy to mycobacterial and other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gidon
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Elisabeth Åsberg
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claire Louet
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Ryan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus Haug
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trude Helen Flo
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ma Z, Liu J, Wu W, Zhang E, Zhang X, Li Q, Zelinskyy G, Buer J, Dittmer U, Kirschning CJ, Lu M. The IL-1R/TLR signaling pathway is essential for efficient CD8 + T-cell responses against hepatitis B virus in the hydrodynamic injection mouse model. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:997-1008. [PMID: 28757610 PMCID: PMC5719144 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection is determined by the complex interactions between replicating HBV and the immune system. While the role of the adaptive immune system in the resolution of HBV infection has been studied extensively, the contribution of innate immune mechanisms remains to be defined. Here we examined the role of the interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) signaling pathway in adaptive immune responses and viral clearance by exploring the HBV mouse model. Hydrodynamic injection with a replication-competent HBV genome was performed in wild-type mice (WT) and a panel of mouse strains lacking specific innate immunity component expression. We found higher levels of HBV protein production and replication in Tlr2−/−, Tlr23479−/−, 3d/Tlr24−/−, Myd88/Trif−/− and Irak4−/− mice, which was associated with reduced HBV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in these mice. Importantly, HBV clearance was delayed for more than 2 weeks in 3d/Tlr24−/−, Myd88/Trif−/− and Irak4−/− mice compared to WT mice. HBV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were functionally impaired for producing the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 in TLR signaling-deficient mice compared to WT mice. In conclusion, the IL-1R/TLR signaling pathway might contribute to controlling HBV infection by augmenting HBV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Ma
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Weimin Wu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Ejuan Zhang
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten J Kirschning
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Extending Immunological Profiling in the Gilthead Sea Bream, Sparus aurata, by Enriched cDNA Library Analysis, Microarray Design and Initial Studies upon the Inflammatory Response to PAMPs. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020317. [PMID: 28165358 PMCID: PMC5343853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the development and validation of an enriched oligonucleotide-microarray platform for Sparus aurata (SAQ) to provide a platform for transcriptomic studies in this species. A transcriptome database was constructed by assembly of gilthead sea bream sequences derived from public repositories of mRNA together with reads from a large collection of expressed sequence tags (EST) from two extensive targeted cDNA libraries characterizing mRNA transcripts regulated by both bacterial and viral challenge. The developed microarray was further validated by analysing monocyte/macrophage activation profiles after challenge with two Gram-negative bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN)). Of the approximately 10,000 EST sequenced, we obtained a total of 6837 EST longer than 100 nt, with 3778 and 3059 EST obtained from the bacterial-primed and from the viral-primed cDNA libraries, respectively. Functional classification of contigs from the bacterial- and viral-primed cDNA libraries by Gene Ontology (GO) showed that the top five represented categories were equally represented in the two libraries: metabolism (approximately 24% of the total number of contigs), carrier proteins/membrane transport (approximately 15%), effectors/modulators and cell communication (approximately 11%), nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism (approximately 7.5%) and intracellular transducers/signal transduction (approximately 5%). Transcriptome analyses using this enriched oligonucleotide platform identified differential shifts in the response to PGN and LPS in macrophage-like cells, highlighting responsive gene-cassettes tightly related to PAMP host recognition. As observed in other fish species, PGN is a powerful activator of the inflammatory response in S. aurata macrophage-like cells. We have developed and validated an oligonucleotide microarray (SAQ) that provides a platform enriched for the study of gene expression in S. aurata with an emphasis upon immunity and the immune response.
Collapse
|
31
|
Mayer-Barber KD, Yan B. Clash of the Cytokine Titans: counter-regulation of interleukin-1 and type I interferon-mediated inflammatory responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:22-35. [PMID: 27264686 PMCID: PMC5214938 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades the notion of 'inflammation' has been extended beyond the original hallmarks of rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling) and dolor (pain) described by Celsus. We have gained a more detailed understanding of the cellular players and molecular mediators of inflammation which is now being applied and extended to areas of biomedical research such as cancer, obesity, heart disease, metabolism, auto-inflammatory disorders, autoimmunity and infectious diseases. Innate cytokines are often central components of inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss how the type I interferon and interleukin-1 cytokine pathways represent distinct and specialized categories of inflammatory responses and how these key mediators of inflammation counter-regulate each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bo Yan
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marinho FV, Fahel JS, Scanga CA, Gomes MTR, Guimarães G, Carvalho GRM, Morales SV, Báfica A, Oliveira SC. Lack of IL-1 Receptor–Associated Kinase-4 Leads to Defective Th1 Cell Responses and Renders Mice Susceptible to Mycobacterial Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1852-63. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
33
|
BCG Skin Infection Triggers IL-1R-MyD88-Dependent Migration of EpCAMlow CD11bhigh Skin Dendritic cells to Draining Lymph Node During CD4+ T-Cell Priming. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005206. [PMID: 26440518 PMCID: PMC4594926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of antigen from the periphery to the draining lymph node (DLN) is critical for T-cell priming but remains poorly studied during infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). To address this we employed a mouse model to track the traffic of Dendritic cells (DCs) and mycobacteria from the BCG inoculation site in the skin to the DLN. Detection of BCG in the DLN was concomitant with the priming of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells at that site. We found EpCAMlow CD11bhigh migratory skin DCs to be mobilized during the transport of BCG to the DLN. Migratory skin DCs distributed to the T-cell area of the LN, co-localized with BCG and were found in close apposition to antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Consequently, blockade of skin DC traffic into DLN dramatically reduced mycobacterial entry into DLN and muted T-cell priming. Interestingly, DC and mycobacterial entry into the DLN was dependent on IL-1R-I, MyD88, TNFR-I and IL-12p40. In addition, we found using DC adoptive transfers that the requirement for MyD88 in BCG-triggered migration was not restricted to the migrating DC itself and that hematopoietic expression of MyD88 was needed in part for full-fledged migration. Our observations thus identify a population of DCs that contribute towards the priming of CD4+ T cells to BCG infection by transporting bacilli into the DLN in an IL-1R-MyD88-dependent manner and reveal both DC-intrinsic and -extrinsic requirements for MyD88 in DC migration.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cheng Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Ding C, Sun J. Two myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) isoforms identified in ducks. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 52:144-154. [PMID: 26004012 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MyD88 is an adaptor protein involved in the interleukin-1 receptor-induced and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In this study, we identified two isoforms of MyD88 gene, designated DuMyD88-X1 and DuMyD88-X2, from duck cells. Both variants were determined to have a death domain at the N-terminal and a Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain at the C-terminal; however, the TIR domain of DuMyD88-X2 was incomplete and was 81 amino acids shorter than DuMyD88-X1. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR revealed broad expression of both MyD88s. During Newcastle disease virus (NDV) challenge experiments, expression of the two genes increased significantly, with DuMyD88-X1 having a larger amplitude and longer duration. Overexpression of DuMyD88-X1 and DuMyD88-X2 induced the activation of NF-κB and IL-6 in vitro, suggesting that DuMyD88-X1 and DuMyD88-X2 may be important in the innate immune response. The results verify the existence of a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in ducks and contribute to understanding the potential role of MyD88s in the innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jianhe Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Carvalho NB, Oliveira FS, Marinho FA, de Almeida LA, Fahel JS, Báfica A, Rothfuchs AG, Zamboni DS, Caliari MV, Oliveira SC. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2) regulates type-1 cytokine responses to Mycobacterium avium but is not required for host control of infection. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:337-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
36
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains lacking surface lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate are susceptible to killing by an early innate host response. Infect Immun 2014; 82:5214-22. [PMID: 25287926 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01340-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response plays an important but unknown role in host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To define the function of innate immunity during tuberculosis, we evaluated M. tuberculosis replication dynamics during murine infection. Our data show that the early pulmonary innate immune response limits M. tuberculosis replication in a MyD88-dependent manner. Strikingly, we found that little M. tuberculosis cell death occurs during the first 2 weeks of infection. In contrast, M. tuberculosis cells deficient in the surface lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) exhibited significant death rates, and consequently, total bacterial numbers were reduced. Host restriction of PDIM-deficient M. tuberculosis was not alleviated by the absence of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), or the phagocyte oxidase subunit p47. Taken together, these data indicate that PDIM protects M. tuberculosis from an early innate host response that is independent of IFN-γ, reactive nitrogen intermediates, and reactive oxygen species. By employing a pathogen replication tracking tool to evaluate M. tuberculosis replication and death during infection, we identify both host and pathogen factors affecting the outcome of infection.
Collapse
|
37
|
Multiple roles of Myd88 in the immune response to the plague F1-V vaccine and in protection against an aerosol challenge of Yersinia pestis CO92 in mice. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:341820. [PMID: 24995344 PMCID: PMC4065692 DOI: 10.1155/2014/341820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current candidate vaccine against Yersinia pestis infection consists of two subunit proteins: the capsule protein or F1 protein and the low calcium response V protein or V-antigen. Little is known of the recognition of the vaccine by the host's innate immune system and how it affects the acquired immune response to the vaccine. Thus, we vaccinated Toll-like receptor (Tlr) 2, 4, and 2/4-double deficient, as well as signal adaptor protein Myd88-deficient mice. We found that Tlr4 and Myd88 appeared to be required for an optimal immune response to the F1-V vaccine but not Tlr2 when compared to wild-type mice. However, there was a difference between the requirement for Tlr4 and MyD88 in vaccinated animals. When F1-V vaccinated Tlr4 mutant (lipopolysaccharide tolerant) and Myd88-deficient mice were challenged by aerosol with Y. pestis CO92, all but one Tlr4 mutant mice survived the challenge, but no vaccinated Myd88-deficient mice survived the challenge. Spleens from these latter nonsurviving mice showed that Y. pestis was not cleared from the infected mice. Our results suggest that MyD88 appears to be important for both an optimal immune response to F1-V and in protection against a lethal challenge of Y. pestis CO92 in F1-V vaccinated mice.
Collapse
|
38
|
MyD88 but Not TLR2, 4 or 9 Is Essential for IL-12 Induction by Lactic Acid Bacteria. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:3026-32. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
39
|
Abstract
Understanding a complex pathology such as inflammatory bowel disease, where host genetics (innate and adaptive immunity, barrier function) and environmental factors (microbes, diet, and stress) interact together to influence disease onset and severity, requires multipronged approaches to model these numerous variables. Researchers have typically relied on preclinical models of mouse and rat origin to push the boundary of knowledge further. However, incorporation of novel vertebrate models may contribute to new knowledge on specific aspects of intestinal homeostasis. An emerging literature has seen the use of zebrafish as a novel animal system to study key aspects of host-microbe interactions in the intestine. In this review, we briefly introduce components of host-microbiota interplay in the developing zebrafish intestine and summarize key lessons learned from this animal system; review important chemically induced and genetically engineered zebrafish models of intestinal immune disorders; and discuss perspectives and limitations of the zebrafish model system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah Tomkovich
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Iyoda T, Takada M, Fukatsu Y, Kumokoshi S, Fujisawa T, Shimada T, Shimokawa N, Matsunaga T, Makino K, Doi N, Terada H, Fukai F. A novel mechanism underlying the basic defensive response of macrophages against Mycobacterium infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4254-62. [PMID: 24663676 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), pathogens enter and grow inside macrophages by taking advantage of their phagocytic mechanisms. Macrophages often fail to eliminate intracellular M. tuberculosis, leading to the induction of host macrophage death. Despite accumulating evidence, the molecular mechanisms underlying M. tuberculosis infection-induced cell death remain controversial. In this study, we show the involvement of two distinct pathways triggered by TLR2 and β2 integrin in BCG infection-induced macrophage apoptosis. First, BCG infection induced activation of ERK1/2, which in turn caused phosphorylation/activation of the proapoptotic protein Bim in mouse macrophage-like Raw 264.7 cells. BCG-infected Raw cells treated with U0126, an MEK/ERK inhibitor, led to the suppression of Bim phosphorylation alongside a remarkable increase in the number of viable macrophages. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Bim rescued the macrophages from the apoptotic cell death induced by BCG infection. Stimulation with Pam3CSK, a TLR2 agonist, induced macrophage apoptosis with a concomitant increase in the phosphorylation/activation of MEK/ERK and Bim. These observations indicate the important role of the TLR2/MEK/ERK/Bim pathway in BCG infection-induced macrophage apoptosis. Second, we used the β2 integrin agonists C3bi and fibronectin to show that the β2 integrin-derived signal was involved in BCG infection-induced apoptosis, independent of MEK/ERK activation. Interestingly, latex beads coated with Pam3CSK and C3bi were able to induce apoptosis in macrophages to the same extent and specificity as that induced by BCG. Taken together, two distinct pattern-recognition membrane receptors, TLR2 and β2 integrin, acted as triggers in BCG infection-induced macrophage apoptosis, in which MEK/ERK activation played a crucial role following the engagement of TLR2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu J, Zhang H, Chen L, Zhang D, Ji M, Wu H, Wu G. Schistosoma japonicum infection induces macrophage polarization. J Biomed Res 2014; 28:299-308. [PMID: 25050114 PMCID: PMC4102844 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20130072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of macrophages (Mφ) as the first line of host defense is well accepted. These cells play a central role in orchestrating crucial functions during schistosomal infection. Thus, understanding the functional diversity of these cells in the process of infection as well as the mechanisms underlying these events is crucial for developing disease control strategies. In this study, we adopted a Mφ polarization recognition system. M1 macrophage was characterized by expressing CD16/32, IL-12 and iNOS. M2 macrophage was characterized by expressing CD206, IL-10 and arg-1. In vivo (mouse peritoneal macrophages of different infection stages were obtained) and in vitro (different S. japonicum antigens were used to stimulate RAW264.7) were characterized by using the above mentioned system. NCA and ACA stimulated RAW264.7 express significantly higher levels of IL-12 while significantly higher levels of IL-10 were detected after soluble egg antigen (SEA) stimulation. The results showed that dramatic changes of antigen in the microenvironment before and after egg production led to macrophage polarization. Furthermore, through TLR blocking experiments, the TLR4 signaling pathway was found to play a role in the process of macrophage polarization toward M1. Our data suggest that macrophage polarization during S. japonicum infection had significant effects on host immune responses to S. japonicum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Guanling Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bourigault ML, Segueni N, Rose S, Court N, Vacher R, Vasseur V, Erard F, Le Bert M, Garcia I, Iwakura Y, Jacobs M, Ryffel B, Quesniaux VFJ. Relative contribution of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF to the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and attenuated M. bovis BCG. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2013; 1:47-62. [PMID: 25400917 PMCID: PMC4217540 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
TNF and IL-1 are major mediators involved in severe inflammatory diseases against which therapeutic neutralizing antibodies are developed. However, both TNF and IL-1 receptor pathways are essential for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and it is critical to assess the respective role of IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF. Using gene-targeted mice we show that absence of both IL-1α and IL-1β recapitulates the uncontrolled M. tuberculosis infection with increased bacterial burden, exacerbated lung inflammation, high IFNγ, reduced IL-23 p19 and rapid death seen in IL-1R1-deficient mice. However, presence of either IL-1α or IL-1β in single-deficient mice is sufficient to control acute M. tuberculosis infection, with restrained bacterial burden and lung pathology, in conditions where TNF deficient mice succumbed within 4 weeks with overwhelming infection. Systemic infection by attenuated M. bovis BCG was controlled in the absence of functional IL-1 pathway, but not in the absence of TNF. Therefore, although both IL-1α and IL-1β are required for a full host response to virulent M. tuberculosis, the presence of either IL-1α or IL-1β allows some control of acute M. tuberculosis infection, and IL-1 pathway is dispensable for controlling M. bovis BCG acute infection. This is in sharp contrast with TNF, which is essential for host response to both attenuated and virulent mycobacteria and may have implications for anti-inflammatory therapy with IL-1β neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Bourigault
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Noria Segueni
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Stéphanie Rose
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Nathalie Court
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Rachel Vacher
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Virginie Vasseur
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - François Erard
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Marc Le Bert
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa ; National Health Laboratory Service Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France ; Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Marinho FAV, de Paula RR, Mendes AC, de Almeida LA, Gomes MTR, Carvalho NB, Oliveira FS, Caliari MV, Oliveira SC. Toll-like receptor 6 senses Mycobacterium avium and is required for efficient control of mycobacterial infection. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2373-85. [PMID: 23716075 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium has been reported to signal through both Toll-like receptor (TLR2) and TLR9. To investigate the role of TLR6 in innate immune responses to M. avium, TLR6, MyD88, TLR2, and TLR2/6 KO mice were infected with this pathogen. Bacterial burdens were higher in the lungs and livers of infected TLR6, TLR2, TLR2/6, and MyD88 KO mice compared with those in C57BL/6 mice, which indicates that TLR6 is required for the efficient control of M. avium infection. However, TLR6 KO spleen cells presented with normal M. avium induced IFN-γ responses as measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. In contrast, the production of IFN-γ in lung tissue was diminished in all studied KO mice. Furthermore, only MyD88 deficiency reduced granuloma areas in mouse livers. Moreover, we determined that TLR6 plays an important role in controlling bacterial growth within macrophages and in the production of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6 by M. avium infected DCs. Finally, the lack of TLR6 reduced activation of MAPKs and NF-κB in DCs. In summary, TLR6 is required for full resistance to M. avium and for the activation of DCs to produce proinflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio A V Marinho
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sarafidou T, Stamatis C, Kalozoumi G, Spyrou V, Fthenakis GC, Billinis C, Mamuris Z. Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) polymorphism G520R in sheep is associated with seropositivity for Small Ruminant Lentivirus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63901. [PMID: 23691111 PMCID: PMC3655008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases of sheep are of major economic importance causing direct and indirect losses. Among the major sheep infectious agents are Small Ruminant Lentivirus, Chlamydophila abortus and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections, mainly due to their worldwide distribution and economic impact that they cause. Based on the differential susceptibility to infectious diseases between and within breeds and on the recent findings regarding the putative involvement of TLR9 in disease susceptibility, the aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of nucleotide variation of TLR9 and its mediator MyD88 in three sheep flocks originated from different breeds and assess their possible association with seropositivity/seronegativity for different infectious agents. The analysis indicated that the change of G to R at codon 520 of TLR9 polypeptide shows a significant association with Small Ruminant Lentivirus seropositivity. This amino-acid substitution, which can result in polarity change, might influence structure and function of LRR17, interfering with ligand binding and thus could be used in studies investigating susceptibility/resistance to Small Ruminant Lentivirus infections in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theologia Sarafidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Costas Stamatis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Kalozoumi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Department of Animal Production, Technological Educational Institute, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | - Zissis Mamuris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vanden Driessche K, Persson A, Marais BJ, Fink PJ, Urdahl KB. Immune vulnerability of infants to tuberculosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:781320. [PMID: 23762096 PMCID: PMC3666431 DOI: 10.1155/2013/781320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges faced by the infant immune system is learning to distinguish the myriad of foreign but nonthreatening antigens encountered from those expressed by true pathogens. This balance is reflected in the diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines by both innate and adaptive immune cells in the infant. A downside of this bias is that several factors critical for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are significantly restricted in infants, including TNF, IL-1, and IL-12. Furthermore, infant T cells are inherently less capable of differentiating into IFN- γ -producing T cells. As a result, infected infants are 5-10 times more likely than adults to develop active tuberculosis (TB) and have higher rates of severe disseminated disease, including miliary TB and meningitis. Infant TB is a fundamentally different disease than TB in immune competent adults. Immunotherapeutics, therefore, should be specifically evaluated in infants before they are routinely employed to treat TB in this age group. Modalities aimed at reducing inflammation, which may be beneficial for adjunctive therapy of some forms of TB in older children and adults, may be of no benefit or even harmful in infants who manifest much less inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vanden Driessche
- Centre for Understanding and Preventing Infections in Children, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Persson
- Centre for Understanding and Preventing Infections in Children, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Ben J. Marais
- Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Locked Bag 4100, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Pamela J. Fink
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin B. Urdahl
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Acute ethanol administration inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in rat intestinal epithelia. Alcohol 2013; 47:231-9. [PMID: 23428594 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Excess alcohol intake, as in binge drinking, increases susceptibility to microbial pathogens. Alcohol impairs macrophage function by suppression of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. This study investigated the effects of acute ethanol intake on the TLR4 pathway in rat intestinal epithelia, which usually encounters luminal antigens at first and participates in the development of intestinal immunity. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to an ethanol group given ethanol as a 25% (v/v) solution in water at 7.5 g/kg, or a control group given saline, by oral gavage daily for 3 days. The epithelial histology and ultrastructure, the intestinal microflora, peripheral and portal venous plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, and somatostatin (SST) levels in the peripheral plasma and small intestine were evaluated. Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), TLR4, TANK binding kinase-1 (TBK1), activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the intestinal mucosa were assayed. LPS responsiveness with or without SST pretreatment was assayed in vitro by quantification of TLR4, TBK1, activated NF-κB, IFN-γ and TNF-α in isolated intestinal epithelia. Mucosal damage was observed in the ethanol group by light and electron microscopy. Escherichia coli cultures were unchanged in rat intestine of the ethanol group compared with controls, but lactobacilli cultures were reduced (p < 0.05). LPS levels increased in peripheral and portal venous plasma (p < 0.05), but mucosal TLR4, TBK1, nuclear NF-κB, IFN-γ and TNF-α were unchanged in the ethanol group. LPS treatment in vitro up-regulated the level of TLR4, TBK1 and nuclear NF-κB as well as the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α in isolated intestinal epithelia in the control (p < 0.05), but not the ethanol group. The stimulatory effects of LPS on intestinal epithelia isolated from the control group were significantly inhibited by SST pretreatment (p < 0.05). The peripheral plasma and intestinal levels of SST and the mucosal expression of SSTR2 in the ethanol group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest the hyposensitivity of intestinal epithelial TLR4 to LPS induced by acute alcohol abuse probably through ethanol per se and ethanol-enhanced intestinal mucosal SST pathway may be a novel mechanism for increased susceptibility to intestinal pathogens.
Collapse
|
47
|
Polymorphisms in toll-like receptors 2, 4 and 5 are associated with Legionella pneumophila infection. Infection 2013; 41:941-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
48
|
von Bernuth H, Picard C, Puel A, Casanova JL. Experimental and natural infections in MyD88- and IRAK-4-deficient mice and humans. Eur J Immunol 2013; 42:3126-35. [PMID: 23255009 PMCID: PMC3752658 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Most Toll-like-receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) signal via myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4). The combined roles of these two receptor families in the course of experimental infections have been assessed in MyD88- and IRAK-4-deficient mice for almost fifteen years. These animals have been shown to be susceptible to 46 pathogens: 27 bacteria, eight viruses, seven parasites, and four fungi. Humans with inborn MyD88 or IRAK-4 deficiency were first identified in 2003. They suffer from naturally occurring life-threatening infections caused by a small number of bacterial species, although the incidence and severity of these infections decrease with age. Mouse TLR- and IL-1R-dependent immunity mediated by MyD88 and IRAK-4 seems to be vital to combat a wide array of experimentally administered pathogens at most ages. By contrast, human TLR- and IL-1R-dependent immunity mediated by MyD88 and IRAK-4 seems to be effective in the natural setting against only a few bacteria and is most important in infancy and early childhood. The roles of TLRs and IL-1Rs in protective immunity deduced from studies in mutant mice subjected to experimental infections should therefore be reconsidered in the light of findings for natural infections in humans carrying mutations as discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horst von Bernuth
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Hospital - Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Monocyte-derived macrophages do not explain susceptibility to pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2012; 1:e2. [PMID: 25505947 PMCID: PMC4256549 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) affect a subset of older individuals (mostly women) with no known immunological defects. As NTMs are intracellular pathogens, it is important to establish whether NTM disease is associated with defective production of Th1 cytokines or poor responses by host macrophage/monocytes. We have shown that patients display vigorous production of interferon gamma (IFNγ) when CD4 T cells are stimulated with mycobacterial antigens. This implicated the macrophage response to IFNγ. Blood monocytes are poorly representative of lung macrophages, so monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were created and then stimulated with lipomannan (a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 agonist), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a TLR4 agonist) or recombinant human IFNγ. MDMs from NTM patients, their offspring and healthy donors expressed similar amounts of IFNγR1, and cellular responses to IFNγ were similar, so there is no evidence of a genetic defect in this pathway. MDMs from NTM patients produced less interleukin-6 in response to LPS (P<0.01) than cells from controls, but other cytokine responses were normal. This warrants further study.
Collapse
|
50
|
Shah JA, Vary JC, Chau TTH, Bang ND, Yen NTB, Farrar JJ, Dunstan SJ, Hawn TR. Human TOLLIP regulates TLR2 and TLR4 signaling and its polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1737-46. [PMID: 22778396 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, stimulates inflammatory responses with beneficial and pathologic consequences. The regulation and nature of an optimal inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains poorly understood in humans. Insight into mechanisms of negative regulation of the TLR-mediated innate immune response to M. tuberculosis could provide significant breakthroughs in the design of new vaccines and drugs. We hypothesized that TOLLIP and its common variants negatively regulate TLR signaling in human monocytes and are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. Using short hairpin RNA knockdown of TOLLIP in peripheral blood human monocytes, we found that TOLLIP suppresses TNF and IL-6 production after stimulation with TLR2 and TLR4 ligands. In contrast, secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was induced by TOLLIP. We also discovered two common polymorphisms that are associated with either decreased levels of mRNA expression (rs3750920) or increased IL-6 production (rs5743899) in a sample of 56 healthy volunteers. Furthermore, in a case-population study in Vietnam with 760 cord blood samples and 671 TB case patients, we found that SNPs rs3750920 and rs5743899 were associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (p = 7.03 × 10(-16) and 6.97 × 10(-7), respectively). These data demonstrate that TOLLIP has an anti-inflammatory effect on TLR signaling in humans and that TOLLIP deficiency is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis. To our knowledge, these data also show the first associations of TOLLIP polymorphisms with any infectious disease. These data also implicate an unexpected mechanism of negative regulation of TLR signaling in human tuberculosis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javeed A Shah
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|