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Ranjitkar S, Krajewski D, Garcia C, Tedeschi C, Polukort SH, Rovatti J, Mire M, Blesso CN, Jellison E, Schneider SS, Ryan JJ, Mathias CB. IL-10 Differentially Promotes Mast Cell Responsiveness to IL-33, Resulting in Enhancement of Type 2 Inflammation and Suppression of Neutrophilia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1407-1419. [PMID: 38497670 PMCID: PMC11018500 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in the establishment of allergic diseases. We recently demonstrated an unexpected, proinflammatory role for IL-10 in regulating MC responses. IL-10 enhanced MC activation and promoted IgE-dependent responses during food allergy. However, whether these effects extend to IgE-independent stimuli is not clear. In this article, we demonstrate that IL-10 plays a critical role in driving IL-33-mediated MC responses. IL-10 stimulation enhanced MC expansion and degranulation, ST2 expression, IL-13 production, and phospho-relA upregulation in IL-33-treated cells while suppressing TNF-α. These effects were partly dependent on endogenous IL-10 and further amplified in MCs coactivated with both IL-33 and IgE/Ag. IL-10's divergent effects also extended in vivo. In a MC-dependent model of IL-33-induced neutrophilia, IL-10 treatment enhanced MC responsiveness, leading to suppression of neutrophils and decreased TNF-α. In contrast, during IL-33-induced type 2 inflammation, IL-10 priming exacerbated MC activity, resulting in MC recruitment to various tissues, enhanced ST2 expression, induction of hypothermia, recruitment of eosinophils, and increased MCPT-1 and IL-13 levels. Our data elucidate an important role for IL-10 as an augmenter of IL-33-mediated MC responses, with implications during both allergic diseases and other MC-dependent disorders. IL-10 induction is routinely used as a prognostic marker of disease improvement. Our data suggest instead that IL-10 can enhance ST2 responsiveness in IL-33-activated MCs, with the potential to both aggravate or suppress disease severity depending on the inflammatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Ranjitkar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Dylan Krajewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Caitlin Tedeschi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Stephanie H. Polukort
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Jeffrey Rovatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Mohamed Mire
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119
| | | | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199
| | - John J. Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Clinton B. Mathias
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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DeJesus JE, Wen JJ, Radhakrishnan R. Cytokine Pathways in Cardiac Dysfunction following Burn Injury and Changes in Genome Expression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111876. [PMID: 36579591 PMCID: PMC9696755 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, an estimated 486,000 individuals sustained burn injuries requiring medical attention. Severe burn injuries lead to a persistent, hyperinflammatory response that may last up to 2 years. The persistent release of inflammatory mediators contributes to end-organ dysfunction and changes in genome expression. Burn-induced cardiac dysfunction may lead to heart failure and changes in cardiac remodeling. Cytokines promote the inflammatory cascade and promulgate mechanisms resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Here, we review the mechanisms by which TNFα, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 cause cardiac dysfunction in post-burn injuries. We additionally review changes in the cytokine transcriptome caused by inflammation and burn injuries.
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Bafor EE, Valencia JC, Young HA. Double Negative T Regulatory Cells: An Emerging Paradigm Shift in Reproductive Immune Tolerance? Front Immunol 2022; 13:886645. [PMID: 35844500 PMCID: PMC9283768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune regulation of female reproductive function plays a crucial role in fertility, as alterations in the relationship between immune and reproductive processes result in autoimmune subfertility or infertility. The breakdown of immune tolerance leads to ovulation dysfunction, implantation failure, and pregnancy loss. In this regard, immune cells with regulatory activities are essential to restore self-tolerance. Apart from regulatory T cells, double negative T regulatory cells (DNTregs) characterized by TCRαβ+/γδ+CD3+CD4–CD8– (and negative for natural killer cell markers) are emerging as effector cells capable of mediating immune tolerance in the female reproductive system. DNTregs are present in the female reproductive tract of humans and murine models. However, their full potential as immune regulators is evolving, and studies so far indicate that DNTregs exhibit features that can also maintain tolerance in the female reproductive microenvironment. This review describes recent progress on the presence, role and mechanisms of DNTregs in the female reproductive system immune regulation and tolerance. In addition, we address how DNTregs can potentially provide a paradigm shift from the known roles of conventional regulatory T cells and immune tolerance by maintaining and restoring balance in the reproductive microenvironment of female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enitome E Bafor
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Julio C Valencia
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Howard A Young
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
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Beckner ME, Conkright WR, Mi Q, Martin BJ, Sahu A, Flanagan SD, Ledford AK, Wright M, Susmarski A, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. Neuroendocrine, Inflammatory, and Extracellular Vesicle Responses During the Navy Special Warfare Screener Selection Course. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:283-295. [PMID: 35695270 PMCID: PMC9291410 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00184.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military operational stress is known to increase adrenal hormones and inflammatory cytokines, while decreasing hormones associated with the anabolic milieu and neuroendocrine system. Less is known about the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a form of cell-to-cell communication, in military operational stress and their relationship to circulating hormones. PURPOSE To characterize the neuroendocrine, cytokine, and EV response to an intense, 24-h selection course known as the Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Screener and identify associations between EVs and cytokines. METHODS Blood samples were collected the morning of and following the NSW Screener in 29 men (18 - 26 years). Samples were analyzed for concentrations of cortisol, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), neuropeptide-Y (NPY), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), α-klotho, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNFα), and interleukins (IL) -1β, -6, and -10. EVs stained with markers associated with exosomes (CD63), microvesicles (VAMP3), and apoptotic bodies (THSD1) were characterized using imaging flow cytometry and vesicle flow cytometry. RESULTS The selection event induced significant changes in circulating BDNF (-43.2%), IGF-I (-24.56%), TNFα (+17.7%), IL-6 (+13.6%), accompanied by increases in intensities of THSD1+ and VAMP3+ EVs (all p<0.05). Higher concentrations of IL-1β and IL-10 were positively associated with THSD1+ EVs (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Military operational stress altered the EV profile. Surface markers associated with apoptotic bodies were positively correlated with an inflammatory response. Future studies should consider a multi-omics assessment of EV cargo to discern canonical pathways that may be mediated by EVs during military stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qi Mi
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew K Ledford
- Department of Leadership, Ethics, and Law, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, United States
| | - Martin Wright
- Human Performance Lab, Physical Education Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, United States
| | - Adam Susmarski
- Brigade Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, U.S. Navy Academy, Annapolis, MD, United States
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Malik A, Bagchi AK, Jassal DS, Singal PK. Interleukin-10 Mitigates Doxorubicin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as Well as Cardiomyopathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040890. [PMID: 35453640 PMCID: PMC9027958 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of doxorubicin (Dox) in cancer patients carries the risk of cardiotoxicity via an increase in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disturbed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. The present study explores which of the ER transmembrane sensors is involved in Dox-induced apoptosis and whether interleukin-10 (IL-10) has any mitigating effect. There was a time-related increase in apoptosis in cardiomyocytes exposed to 5.43 µg/mL Dox for 0 to 48 h. Dox treatment for 24 h significantly upregulated glucose-regulated proteins 78 and 94, protein disulfide isomerase, cleavage of activating transcription factor 6α, and X-box binding protein 1. These Dox-induced changes in ER stress proteins as well as apoptosis were blunted by IL-10 (10 ng/mL). In Dox-exposed cardiomyocytes, IL-10 also promoted expression of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and inositol-requiring kinase 1α, which helped in maintaining ER homeostasis. Additionally, under Dox-treatment, IL-10 downregulated caspase-12 activation as well as phosphorylation of c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase, thereby promoting cardiomyocyte survival. IL-10 was able to reduce the overexpression of mitochondrial apoptotic proteins caspase-3 as well as Bax, which were upregulated upon Dox treatment. Thus, a reduction in Dox-induced ER stress as well as apoptosis through IL-10 may provide a significant benefit in improving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshi Malik
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (A.M.); (D.S.J.)
| | - Ashim K. Bagchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Davinder S. Jassal
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (A.M.); (D.S.J.)
- Section of Cardiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Pawan K. Singal
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (A.M.); (D.S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 1-(204)-235-3416
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6
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Kujan O, Agag M, Smaga M, Vaishnaw Y, Idrees M, Shearston K, Farah CS. PD-1/PD-L1, Treg-related proteins, and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pathology 2021; 54:409-416. [PMID: 34872754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunomodulation has been implicated in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however the role of specific immunomodulatory proteins is not completely understood, particularly in the early stages of the disease. Oral potentially malignant disorders such as leukoplakia commonly precede OSCC but not all will undergo malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of specific immunomodulator proteins and their role in the progression of OSCC. Samples from 101 patients were included in the study. Cases were classified based on histopathology into four groups: non-dysplastic epithelial hyperplasia/keratosis, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and OSCC. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, as well as regulatory T cell (Treg)-related proteins including FOXP3, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 were immunohistochemically quantified. The number of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was also assessed for each case. Multinominal regression models were undertaken to assess the significance of each protein in predicting the histopathological grade of oral epithelial disorders, and three diagnostic models were assessed. Significant positive associations were found between the immunoreactive score of each protein and the histopathological grade, p<0.05 suggesting that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, Treg-related proteins, and TILs are associated with the development of OSCC. Diagnostic models using the investigated proteins and TILs predicted the grade of oral epithelial disorder, p<0.05. The associated accuracy of this approach was 84.92%. Our findings support the notion that immunomodulation events may play a role in evading the immune system and contributing to potential malignant transformation of oral epithelial disorders. Our data also provide supporting evidence for the potential application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the chemoprevention of OSCC. Further longitudinal studies to assess individual T-cell populations within the immune microenvironment of various oral potentially malignant disorders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Muhamed Agag
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Monika Smaga
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yash Vaishnaw
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Majdy Idrees
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Anatomical Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, WA, Australia
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7
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Sun G, Zhao X, Li M, Zhang C, Jin H, Li C, Liu L, Wang Y, Shi W, Tian D, Xu H, Tian Y, Wu Y, Liu K, Zhang Z, Zhang D. CD4 derived double negative T cells prevent the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:650. [PMID: 33510172 PMCID: PMC7844244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is the driving force for the development and progression of NASH. Treatment targeting inflammation is believed to be beneficial. In this study, adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells converted double negative T cells (cDNT) protects mice from diet-induced liver fat accumulation, lobular inflammation and focal necrosis. cDNT selectively suppress liver-infiltrating Th17 cells and proinflammatory M1 macrophages. IL-10 secreted by M2 macrophages decreases the survival and function of cDNT to protect M2 macrophages from cDNT-mediated lysis. NKG2A, a cell inhibitory molecule, contributes to IL-10 induced apoptosis and dampened suppressive function of cDNT. In conclusion, ex vivo-generated cDNT exert potent protection in diet induced obesity, type 2 diabetes and NASH. The improvement of outcome is due to the inhibition on liver inflammatory cells. This study supports the concept and the feasibility of potentially utilizing this autologous immune cell-based therapy for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Sun
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunpan Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changying Li
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongle Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Regulatory T cells as a biomarker for response to adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:978-980.e9. [PMID: 29935955 PMCID: PMC6127034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Datta A, Moitra S, Das PK, Mondal S, Omar Faruk SM, Hazra I, Tripathi SK, Chaudhuri S. Allergen immunotherapy modulates sensitivity of Treg cells to apoptosis in a rat model of allergic asthma. Immunotherapy 2018; 9:1239-1251. [PMID: 29130799 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the apoptosis of Foxp3+ Treg cells following Alstonia scholaris pollen sensitization-challenge and following allergen immunotherapy. MATERIALS & METHODS Wistar rats were sensitized-challenged with Alstonia scholaris pollen and were further given intranasal immunotherapy. For the analysis of the apoptotic proteins on Treg cells by flow cytometry, multiple gating procedures were followed. RESULTS Allergen sensitization-challenge increases Annexin-V, Fas, FasL, caspases-8, 9, 3 cytochrome-C, APAF-1, Bax, perforin-1 and granzyme-B on Treg cells which is decreased following intranasal immunotherapy. On the other hand, Bcl-2 expression is decreased in allergy and increased by immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Apoptosis of Treg cells is increased following allergen sensitization-challenge via extrinsic, intrinsic and perforin/granzyme pathways and allergen immunotherapy decreased the sensitivity to apoptosis of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Datta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta K Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Mondal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Md Omar Faruk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Iman Hazra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu K Tripathi
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Swapna Chaudhuri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
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Sennikov SV, Alshevskaya AA, Shkaruba NS, Chumasova OA, Sizikov AE, Lopatnikova JA. Expression of TNFα membrane-bound receptors in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Cytokine 2015; 73:288-94. [PMID: 25828588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of TNFα membrane-bound receptors: the percentage of cells expressing these receptors and the number of molecules expressed on different immune cell subsets, and to evaluate serum concentrations of soluble TNFα and its receptors (sTNFRI and sTNFRII) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in acute stage and after response to treatment compared to healthy donors. METHODS The objects of the study are peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors (n=150) and RA patients (n=40) subjected to hospital treatment with either biological agents (Rituximab) or glucocorticosteroids (methylprednisolone). To determine PBMC phenotype antibodies anti-hCD3-APC, anti-hCD19 PECy7, anti-hCD14 FITC (eBioscience), as well as anti-hTNFRI-PE and anti-hTNFRII-PE (R&D Systems) were used. To determine receptor number on the cells Quantibrite PE Beads (BD) were used. RESULTS Cells obtained from patients who responded to therapy and achieved disease remission exhibited either an increase in the percentage of TNFRI+ cells or elevated expression density of this receptor type. CONCLUSION Subsets of immunocompetent cells from RA patients show variation in the percentage of membrane-bound receptor positive cells and receptor expression density, which influences the development and progression of the pathological processes in RA. Response to therapy and achievement of disease remission are associated with an increase of TNFRI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya Str., 14, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia.
| | - Alina A Alshevskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya Str., 14, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda S Shkaruba
- Rheumatology Department, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya Str., 14, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia.
| | - Oksana A Chumasova
- Rheumatology Department, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya Str., 14, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia.
| | - Aleksey E Sizikov
- Rheumatology Department, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya Str., 14, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia.
| | - Julia A Lopatnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya Str., 14, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia.
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11
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El Gohary TM, El Aziz NA, Darweesh M, Sadaa ES. Plasma level of transforming growth factor β 1 in children with autism spectrum disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejenta.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Nasibullin TR, Timasheva YR, Tuktarova IA, Erdman VV, Nikolaeva IE, Mustafina OE. Combinations of cytokine gene network polymorphic markers as potential predictors of myocardial infarction. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414090099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Niss O, Sholl A, Bleesing JJ, Hildeman DA. IL-10/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling dysregulates Bim expression in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:762-70. [PMID: 25174872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a human disorder of T cell homeostasis caused by mutations that impair FAS-mediated apoptosis. A defining characteristic of ALPS is the expansion of double negative T cells (DNTC). Relatively little is known about how defective FAS-driven cell death and the Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway intersect in ALPS patients. OBJECTIVE We studied changes in Bcl-2 family member expression in ALPS to determine whether the Bcl-2 pathway might provide a therapeutic target. METHODS We used flow cytometry to analyze the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members in T cells from 12 ALPS patients and determined the in vitro sensitivity of ALPS DNTC to the pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetic, ABT-737. RESULTS The pro-apoptotic molecule, Bim, was significantly elevated in DNTC. Although no general pattern of individual anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members emerged, increased expression of Bim was always accompanied by increased expression of at least 1 anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member. Strikingly, Bim levels in DNTC correlated significantly with serum IL-10 in ALPS patients, and IL-10 was sufficient to mildly induce Bim in normal and ALPS T cells via a Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-dependent mechanism. Finally, ABT-737 preferentially killed ALPS DNTC in vitro. CONCLUSION Combined, these data show that an IL-10/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway drives Bim expression in ALPS DNTC, which renders them sensitive to BH3 mimetics, uncovering a potentially novel therapeutic approach to ALPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Niss
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Allyson Sholl
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jack J Bleesing
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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14
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Hillhouse EE, Lesage S. A comprehensive review of the phenotype and function of antigen-specific immunoregulatory double negative T cells. J Autoimmun 2012; 40:58-65. [PMID: 22910322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Double negative T cells that lack the expression of both CD4 and CD8 T cell co-receptors exhibit a most unique antigen-specific immunoregulatory potential first described over a decade ago. Due to their immunoregulatory function, this rare T cell population has been studied in both mice and humans for their contribution to peripheral tolerance and disease prevention. Consequently, double negative cells are gaining interest as a potential cellular therapeutic. Herein, we review the phenotype and function of double negative T cells with emphasis on their capacity to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance. While the phenotypic and functional similarities between double negative T cells identified in mouse and humans are highlighted, we also call attention to the need for a specific marker of double negative T cells, which will facilitate future studies in humans. Altogether, due to their unique properties, double negative T cells present a promising therapeutic potential in the context of various disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Hillhouse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.
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15
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Juvet SC, Zhang L. Double negative regulatory T cells in transplantation and autoimmunity: recent progress and future directions. J Mol Cell Biol 2012; 4:48-58. [PMID: 22294241 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjr043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes bearing the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) but lacking CD4, CD8, and markers of natural killer (NK) cell differentiation are known as 'double-negative' (DN) T cells and have been described in both humans and rodent models. We and others have shown that DN T cells can act as regulatory T cells (Tregs) that are able to prevent allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, and autoimmune diabetes. In the last few years, new data have revealed evidence of DN Treg function in vivo in rodents and humans. Moreover, significant advances have been made in the mechanisms by which DN Tregs target antigen-specific T cells. One major limitation of the field is the lack of a specific marker that can be used to distinguish truly regulatory DN T cells (DN Tregs) from non-regulatory ones, and this is the central challenge in the coming years. Here, we review recent progress on the role of DN Tregs in transplantation and autoimmunity, and their mechanisms of action. We also provide some perspectives on how DN Tregs compare with Foxp3(+) Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Juvet
- Division of Respirology and Clinician-Scientist Training Program, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Ireland SJ, Blazek M, Harp CT, Greenberg B, Frohman EM, Davis LS, Monson NL. Antibody-independent B cell effector functions in relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Clues to increased inflammatory and reduced regulatory B cell capacity. Autoimmunity 2012; 45:400-14. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2012.665529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Hillhouse EE, Beauchamp C, Chabot‐Roy G, Dugas V, Lesage S. Interleukin‐10 limits the expansion of immunoregulatory CD4
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CD8
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T cells in autoimmune‐prone non‐obese diabetic mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:771-80. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Hillhouse
- Immunology‐Oncology Section, Research Center, Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Claudine Beauchamp
- Immunology‐Oncology Section, Research Center, Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Geneviève Chabot‐Roy
- Immunology‐Oncology Section, Research Center, Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Véronique Dugas
- Immunology‐Oncology Section, Research Center, Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology‐Oncology Section, Research Center, Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
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18
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Mandapathil M, Szczepanski MJ, Szajnik M, Ren J, Jackson EK, Johnson JT, Gorelik E, Lang S, Whiteside TL. Adenosine and prostaglandin E2 cooperate in the suppression of immune responses mediated by adaptive regulatory T cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27571-80. [PMID: 20558731 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive regulatory T cells (Tr1) are induced in the periphery upon encountering cognate antigens. In cancer, their frequency is increased; however, Tr1-mediated suppression mechanisms are not yet defined. Here, we evaluate the simultaneous involvement of ectonucleotidases (CD39/CD73) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in Tr1-mediated suppression. Human Tr1 cells were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived, sorted CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells and incubated with autologous immature dendritic cells, irradiated COX-2(+) or COX-2(-) tumor cells, and IL-2, IL-10, and IL-15 (each at 10-15 IU/ml) for 10 days as described (Bergmann, C., Strauss, L., Zeidler, R., Lang, S., and Whiteside, T. L. (2007) Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 56, 1429-1442). Tr1 were phenotyped by multicolor flow cytometry, and suppression of proliferating responder cells was assessed in carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-based assays. ATP hydrolysis was measured using a luciferase detection assay, and levels of adenosine or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in cell supernatants were analyzed by mass spectrometry or ELISA, respectively. Intracellular cAMP levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The COX-2(+) tumor induced a greater number of Tr1 than COX-2(-) tumor (p < 0.05). Tr1 induced by COX-2(+) tumor were more suppressive, hydrolyzed more exogenous ATP (p < 0.05), and produced higher levels of adenosine and PGE(2) (p < 0.05) than Tr1 induced by COX-2(-) tumor. Inhibitors of ectonucleotidase activity, A(2A) and EP(2) receptor antagonists, or an inhibitor of the PKA type I decreased Tr1-mediated suppression (p < 0.05), whereas rolipram, a PDE(4) inhibitor, increased the intracellular cAMP level in responder cells and their susceptibility to Tr1-mediated suppression. Tr1 present in tumors or the peripheral blood of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients co-expressed COX-2, CD39, and CD73. A concomitant inhibition of PGE(2) and adenosine via the common intracellular cAMP pathway might be a novel approach for improving results of immune therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magis Mandapathil
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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19
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Prostaglandin E2 signaling through E prostanoid receptor 2 impairs proliferative response of double negative regulatory T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:534-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Ashwood P, Enstrom A, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen RL, Croen LA, Ozonoff S, Pessah IN, Van de Water J. Decreased transforming growth factor beta1 in autism: a potential link between immune dysregulation and impairment in clinical behavioral outcomes. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 204:149-53. [PMID: 18762342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairment in social interactions, communication deficits, and restricted repetitive interests and behaviors. There is evidence of both immune dysregulation and autoimmune phenomena in autism. We examined the regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta 1) because of its role in controlling immune responses. Plasma levels of active TGF beta 1 were evaluated in 75 children with ASD compared with 68 controls. Children with ASD had significantly lower plasma TGF beta 1 levels compared with typically developing controls (p=0.0017) and compared with children with developmental disabilities other than ASD (p=0.0037), after adjusting for age and gender. In addition, there were significant correlations between psychological measures and TGF beta 1 levels, such that lower TGF beta 1 levels were associated with lower adaptive behaviors and worse behavioral symptoms. The data suggest that immune responses in autism may be inappropriately regulated due to reductions in TGF beta 1. Such immune dysregulation may predispose to the development of possible autoimmune responses and/or adverse neuroimmune interactions during critical windows in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ashwood
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, United States.
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21
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Regulatory T cells and EBV associated malignancies. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:590-2. [PMID: 19539572 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the T-regulatory cells (Tregs) not only play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of peripheral tolerance to prevent the autoimmune disease, but also inhibit the anti-tumor immunity. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that cytotoxicity T cells (CTL) can control the growth of EBV-positive tumor cells in vitro, including Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma, posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), depending on the large mount of EBV antigens presented by MHC molecules on the surface of these malignant cells. However, limited benefit of CTL adoptive immunotherapy has been reported in the treatment of EBV positive HL and NPC, and Tregs are regarded as a critical hurdle in this issue. In the present review, we discuss the correlation of EBV antigens expression in the tumor cells and the induction of Tregs in tumor microenvironment. Treg subsets and its possible mechanism to attenuate the anti-tumor immunity in EBV associated malignancies are also discussed, following by the possible strategies of targeting Tregs in the future immunotherapy for EBV positive cancers.
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22
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Tschoeke SK, Oberholzer C, LaFace D, Hutchins B, Moldawer LL, Oberholzer A. Endogenous IL-10 regulates sepsis-induced thymic apoptosis and improves survival in septic IL-10 null mice. Scand J Immunol 2008; 68:565-71. [PMID: 18959626 PMCID: PMC3943354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that increased lymphocyte apoptosis contributes to sepsis-induced mortality. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that IL-10 can suppress lymphocyte apoptosis, in part, by upregulating Bcl-2 expression and interfering with activation induced cell death. We have previously shown that intrathymic delivery of IL-10 with an adenoviral vector in wild-type mice significantly improves outcome to sepsis. Presently, we investigated the role of endogenous IL-10 expression on thymocyte apoptosis and outcome in IL-10 null mice subject to induction of generalized polymicrobial peritonitis via cecal ligation and puncture. Compared to wild-type C57BL/6 mice, IL-10 null mice demonstrated increased mortality and enhanced lymphocyte apoptosis. Intrathymic injection with an adenoviral vector expressing human IL-10 prior to cecal ligation and puncture in IL-10 null mice significantly improved outcome and decreased thymic caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of IL-6 were also significantly reduced in IL-10 null mice treated with the IL-10 expressing adenovirus. In contrast, injection of a control adenovirus did not improve outcome in IL-10 null mice, nor was caspase-3 activity reduced. Thus, local thymic expression of IL-10 not only improves outcome but also reduces local tissue apoptosis and caspase-3 activity, and appears to attenuate the systemic proinflammatory cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Tschoeke
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité - University Hospitals Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Canault M, Peiretti F, Poggi M, Mueller C, Kopp F, Bonardo B, Bastelica D, Nicolay A, Alessi MC, Nalbone G. Progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice that express distinct molecular forms of TNF-alpha. J Pathol 2008; 214:574-83. [PMID: 18247429 DOI: 10.1002/path.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TNFalpha (TNF) critically regulates inflammation-driven atherosclerosis. Because the transmembrane (tmTNF) and soluble (sTNF) forms of TNF possess distinct immuno-modulatory properties, we hypothesized that they might differentially regulate atherosclerosis progression. Three groups of male ApoE(-/-) mice were studied: one expressing wild-type TNF (WT-TNF); one expressing exclusively a mutated non-cleavable form of TNF (KI-TNF); and one deficient in TNF (KO-TNF). Mice aged 5 weeks were fed the high-fat diet for 5 (T5) and 15 weeks (T15) or a standard chow diet for 15 weeks. At T5, in mice fed the high-fat diet, no significant differences in lesion area were observed among the three groups, either in valves or in aortas. At T15, lesion areas in valves were significantly lower in KO-TNF mice compared with those in WT-TNF mice, whereas in KI-TNF mice, they were intermediate between KO- and WT-TNF mice but not significantly different from these two groups. In aortas, lesions in KI-TNF were comparable to those of KO-TNF, both being significantly lower than those in WT-TNF. Theses differences were not linked to circulating lipids, or to macrophage, actin, and collagen contents of lesions. At T15, in mice fed the chow diet, lesion areas in valves and the aortic arch were not significantly different between the three groups. Levels of IL-6, IFNgamma, IL-10, and Foxp3 mRNAs in spleens and production of IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, RANTES, and TNFR-2 by peritoneal macrophages at T15 of the high-fat diet showed a decrease in pro-inflammatory status, more marked in KO-TNF than in KI-TNF mice. Apoptosis was reduced only in KO-TNF mice. In conclusion, these data show that TNF effects on atherosclerosis development are detectable at stages succeeding fatty streaks and that wild-type TNF is superior to tmTNF alone in promoting atherosclerosis. TNF-dependent progression of atherosclerosis is probably linked to the differential production of pro-inflammatory mediators whether tmTNF is preponderant or essentially cleaved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Canault
- Inserm, U626, Marseille, F-13385, France
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24
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Ismail N, Crossley EC, Stevenson HL, Walker DH. Relative importance of T-cell subsets in monocytotropic ehrlichiosis: a novel effector mechanism involved in Ehrlichia-induced immunopathology in murine ehrlichiosis. Infect Immun 2007; 75:4608-20. [PMID: 17562770 PMCID: PMC1951155 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00198-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with gram-negative monocytotropic Ehrlichia strains results in a fatal toxic shock-like syndrome characterized by a decreased number of Ehrlichia-specific CD4(+) Th1 cells, the expansion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-producing CD8(+) T cells, and the systemic overproduction of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and TNF-alpha. Here, we investigated the role of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in immunity to Ehrlichia and the pathogenesis of fatal ehrlichiosis caused by infection with low- and high-dose (10(3) and 10(5) bacterial genomes/mouse, respectively) ehrlichial inocula. The CD4(+) T-cell-deficient mice showed exacerbated susceptibility to a lethal high- or low-dose infection and harbored higher bacterial numbers than did wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, the CD8(+) T-cell-deficient mice were resistant to a low dose but succumbed to a high dose of Ehrlichia. The absence of CD8(+) T cells abrogated TNF-alpha and IL-10 production, reduced tissue injury and bacterial burden, restored splenic CD4(+) T-cell numbers, and increased the frequency of Ehrlichia-specific CD4(+) Th1 cells in comparison to infected WT mice. Although fatal disease is perforin independent, our data suggested that perforin played a critical role in controlling bacterial burden and mediating liver injury. Similar to WT mice, mortality of infected perforin-deficient mice was associated with CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis and a high serum concentration of IL-10. Depletion of IL-10 restored the number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in infected WT mice. Our data demonstrate a novel mechanism of immunopathology in which CD8(+) T cells mediate Ehrlichia-induced toxic shock, which is associated with IL-10 overproduction and CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Ismail
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA.
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25
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Majumder N, Dey R, Mathur RK, Datta S, Maitra M, Ghosh S, Saha B, Majumdar S. An unusual pro-inflammatory role of interleukin-10 induced by arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan in murine peritoneal macrophages. Glycoconj J 2007; 23:675-86. [PMID: 17115274 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-9017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Various species of Mycobacteria produce a major cell wall-associated lipoglycan, called Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), which is involved in the virulence of Mycobacterial species. In this study, we tried to establish the role of the increased IL-10 secretion under Arabinosylated-LAM (Ara-LAM) treatment, the LAM that induces apoptosis in host macrophages or PBMC. We have studied the survival and apoptotic factors by western blotting, and estimated nitrite generation by Griess reaction, quantified iNOS mRNA by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and ultimately the fate of the cells were studied by Flow Cytometric Analysis of AnnexinV-FITC binding. As per our observations, neutralization of released IL-10 in C57BL/6 peritoneal macrophages prior to Ara-LAM treatment, as well as macrophages from IL-10 knockout (KO) mice treated with Ara-LAM, showed significant down regulation of pro-apoptotic factors and up regulation of survival factors. These effects were strikingly similar to those when peritoneal macrophages were subjected to TNF-alpha and IL-12 neutralization followed by Ara-LAM-treatment. However, under similar conditions virulent Mannosylated-LAM (from Mycobacterium tuberculosis) treatment of macrophages clearly depicts the importance of IL-10 in the maintenance of pathogenesis, proving its usual immunosuppressive role. Thus, from our detailed investigations we point out an unusual pro-inflammatory action of IL-10 in Ara-LAM treated macrophages, where it behaves in a similar manner as the known Th1 cytokines TNF- alpha and IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Majumder
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, India
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26
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Nagib PRA, Dutra WO, Chiari E, Machado CRS. Trypanosoma cruzi: populations bearing opposite virulence induce differential expansion of circulating CD3+CD4-CD8- T cells and cytokine serum levels in young and adult rats. Exp Parasitol 2007; 116:366-74. [PMID: 17399706 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 02/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The JG strain is the least virulent while the CL-Brener clone is one of the most virulent Trypanosoma cruzi populations in young rats. In this study, we determined that the parasitemia peak values in CL-Brener clone-infected adult rats were 50-fold lower than in young rats and that mortality was null as compared to 45% death in young rats. Low parasitemia, milder and sustained myocarditis and myositis characterized JG infections. CL-Brener clone caused a significantly higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher expansion of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-), double-negative (DN) T cells, during the acute phase in both adult and young rats. DN T cell frequencies correlated with IFN-gamma levels. These findings may explain the higher inflammation and fast acute phase resolution in CL-Brener infection. In young rats, IL-10 levels were similar in both infections. The IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio was higher in JG acute infection in accordance with the milder inflammation and parasite persistence leading to a chronic phase. In conclusion, virulence and pathogenicity depend on T. cruzi ability to induce expansion of DN T cells and production of specific cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia R A Nagib
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
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Dolganiuc A, Chang S, Kodys K, Mandrekar P, Bakis G, Cormier M, Szabo G. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Core Protein-Induced, Monocyte-Mediated Mechanisms of Reduced IFN-α and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Loss in Chronic HCV Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:6758-68. [PMID: 17082589 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IFN-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) is critical in antiviral immunity. In the present study, we evaluated the IFN-alpha-producing capacity of PDCs of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in treatment-naive, sustained responder, and nonresponder patients. IFN-alpha production was tested in PBMCs or isolated PDCs after TLR9 stimulation. Treatment-naive patients with chronic HCV infection had reduced frequency of circulating PDCs due to increased apoptosis and showed diminished IFN-alpha production after stimulation with TLR9 ligands. These PDC defects correlated with the presence of HCV and were in contrast with normal PDC functions of sustained responders. HCV core protein, which was detectable in the plasma of infected patients, reduced TLR9-triggered IFN-alpha and increased TNF-alpha and IL-10 production in PBMCs but not in isolated PDCs, suggesting HCV core induced PDC defects. Indeed, addition of rTNF-alpha and IL-10 induced apoptosis and inhibited IFN-alpha production in PDCs. Neutralization of TNF-alpha and/or IL-10 prevented HCV core-induced inhibition of IFN-alpha production. We identified CD14+ monocytes as the source of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in the HCV core-induced inhibition of PDC IFN-alpha production. Anti-TLR2-, not anti-TLR4-, blocking Ab prevented the HCV core-induced inhibition of IFN-alpha production. In conclusion, our results suggest that HCV interferes with antiviral immunity through TLR2-mediated monocyte activation triggered by the HCV core protein to induce cytokines that in turn lead to PDC apoptosis and inhibit IFN-alpha production. These mechanisms are likely to contribute to HCV viral escape from immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dolganiuc
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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28
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Thomson CW, Lee BPL, Zhang L. Double-negative regulatory T cells: non-conventional regulators. Immunol Res 2006; 35:163-78. [PMID: 17003518 DOI: 10.1385/ir:35:1:163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The crucial role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in self-tolerance and downregulating immune responses has been clearly established. Numerous different Treg subsets have been identified that possess distinct phenotypes and functions in various disease models. Among these subsets, alphabeta-TCR+CD3+CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) Treg cells have been shown to be able to inhibit a variety of immune responses in part via direct killing of effector T cells in an antigenspecific manner in both mice and humans. This was shown to occur at least partially by acquisition of MHC-peptide complexes from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and subsequent Fas/Fas-ligand interactions. In addition, DN Treg cells have been shown to express several molecules uncommon to other Treg cell subsets, such as IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, Ly6A, FcRgamma, and CXCR5, which may contribute to their unique regulatory ability. Understanding the development and regulatory functions of DN Treg cells may elucidate the etiology for loss of self-tolerance and serve as a therapeutic modality for various diseases. This review will summarize the characteristics, developmental pathways, and mechanisms of action of DN Treg cells, as well as their role in transplant tolerance, autoimmunity, and anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Thomson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Multi Organ Transplantation Program, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Thomson CW, Teft WA, Chen W, Lee BPL, Madrenas J, Zhang L. FcR gamma presence in TCR complex of double-negative T cells is critical for their regulatory function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:2250-7. [PMID: 16887985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
TCRalphabeta+CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) T regulatory (Treg) cells have recently been shown to suppress Ag-specific immune responses mediated by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in humans and mice. Our previous study using cDNA microarray analysis of global gene expression showed that FcRgamma was the most highly overexpressed gene in functional DN Treg cell clones compared with nonfunctional mutant clones. In this study, we demonstrate that FcRgamma-deficient DN T cells display markedly reduced suppressive activity in vitro. In addition, unlike FcRgamma-sufficient DN T cells, FcRgamma-deficient DN T cells were unable to prolong donor-specific allograft survival when adoptively transferred to recipient mice. Protein analyses indicate that in addition to FcRgamma, DN Treg cell clones also express higher levels of TCRbeta, while mutant clones expressed higher levels of Zap70 and Lck. Within DN Treg cells, we found that FcRgamma associates with the TCR complex and that both FcRgamma and Syk are phosphorylated in response to TCR cross-linking. Inhibition of Syk signaling and FcRgamma expression were both found to reduce the suppressive function of DN Treg cells in vitro. These results indicate that FcRgamma deficiency significantly impairs the ability of DN Treg cells to down-regulate allogeneic immune responses both in vitro and in vivo, and that FcRgamma plays a role in mediating TCR signaling in DN Treg cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Clone Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, IgG/physiology
- Skin Transplantation/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Thomson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Multi Organ Transplantation Program, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wang FS, Yamaguchi Y, Furuhashi T, Uchino S, Kihara S, Yamada S, Mori K, Ogawa M. Recipient Blood Pre-Transplant Transfusion Prolongs Hepatic Allograft Survival in Rats. J Surg Res 2006; 135:52-60. [PMID: 16716354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pre-transplant administration of donor antigens to recipients is reported to prolong transplanted organ survival. We investigated the effect of pre-transplant intraportal administration of recipient blood on rat hepatic allograft survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male LEW (RT1l) and ACI (RT1a) rats were used as transplant recipients and donors, respectively. Before transplantation, donors were transfused with recipient blood. Experimental animals were divided into groups as follows: group I, no treatment; group II, pre-treatment with recipient blood via the penile vein 7 days before transplantation; group III, pre-treatment with recipient blood via the portal vein 5 days before transplantation; and group IV, pre-treatment with recipient blood via the portal vein 7 days before transplantation. Serum interferon (IFN)-gamma concentrations were measured post-operatively. RESULTS Animals in group I survived a mean of 10.1 +/- 0.7 days. The survival of groups II and III was 10.6 +/- 1.6 and 13.1 +/- 0.9 days, respectively. The survival rate in group IV was prolonged significantly to 33.7 +/- 2.6 days. Serum concentrations of IFN-gamma were increased significantly in group IV, as compared with group I. The ratio of OX76+CD4+ or OX76+CD8+ T cells to OX76-CD4+ or OX76-CD8+ T cells was greater in group IV, as compared group I. OX76+CD8+ T cells from hepatic allografts in group IV expressed IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10, but not IL-2 mRNA. Apoptotic hepatic infiltrates were greater in group IV, as compared to group I. CONCLUSION The cytokine profile of donor CD8+ T cells from allografts treated by the intraportal administration of recipient blood is associated with apoptosis of graft-infiltrating cells and the prolonged survival of hepatic allografts in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Shan Wang
- Department of Surgery II, Kumamoto University Medical School, Kumamoto, Japan
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Mocellin S, Marincola FM, Young HA. Interleukin-10 and the immune response against cancer: a counterpoint. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78:1043-51. [PMID: 16204623 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0705358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although interleukin-10 (IL-10) is commonly regarded as an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive cytokine that favors tumor escape from immune surveillance, a wealth of evidence is accumulating that IL-10 also possesses some immunostimulating properties. In fact, IL-10 has the pleiotropic ability of influencing positively and negatively the function of innate and adaptive immunity in different experimental models, which makes it questionable to merely categorize this cytokine as a target of anti-immune escape therapeutic strategies or rather, as an immunological adjuvant in the fight against cancer. Here, we review available data about the immunostimulating anticancer properties of IL-10, and in particular, we focus on the hypothesis that in contrast to what occurs in secondary lymphoid organs, IL-10 overexpression within the tumor microenvironment may catalyze cancer immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Department of Oncological & Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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Lee BPL, Mansfield E, Hsieh SC, Hernandez-Boussard T, Chen W, Thomson CW, Ford MS, Bosinger SE, Der S, Zhang ZX, Zhang M, Kelvin DJ, Sarwal MM, Zhang L. Expression profiling of murine double-negative regulatory T cells suggest mechanisms for prolonged cardiac allograft survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:4535-44. [PMID: 15814674 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that both mouse and human alpha beta TCR(+)CD3(+)NK1.1(-)CD4(-)CD8- double-negative regulatory T (DN Treg) cells can suppress Ag-specific immune responses mediated by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. To identify molecules involved in DN Treg cell function, we generated a panel of murine DN Treg clones, which specifically kill activated syngeneic CD8+ T cells. Through serial cultivation of DN Treg clones, mutant clones arose that lost regulatory capacity in vitro and in vivo. Although all allogeneic cardiac grafts in animals preinfused with tolerant CD4/CD8 negative 12 DN Treg clones survived over 100 days, allograft survival is unchanged following infusion of mutant clones (19.5 +/- 11.1 days) compared with untreated controls (22.8 +/- 10.5 days; p < 0.001). Global gene expression differences between functional DN Treg cells and nonfunctional mutants were compared. We found 1099 differentially expressed genes (q < 0.025%), suggesting increased cell proliferation and survival, immune regulation, and chemotaxis, together with decreased expression of genes for Ag presentation, apoptosis, and protein phosphatases involved in signal transduction. Expression of 33 overexpressed and 24 underexpressed genes were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression of several genes, including Fc epsilon RI gamma subunit and CXCR5, which are >50-fold higher, was also confirmed using FACS. These findings shed light on the mechanisms by which DN Treg cells down-regulate immune responses and prolong cardiac allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P-L Lee
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mezyk-Kopeć R, Bzowska M, Bzowska M, Mickowska B, Mak P, Potempa J, Bereta J. Effects of elastase and cathepsin G on the levels of membrane and soluble TNFα. Biol Chem 2005; 386:801-11. [PMID: 16201876 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2005.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) and cathepsin G (CG), the proteolytic enzymes localized in azurophil granules of neutrophils (PMN), are involved in PMN responses to various stimuli. When released at sites of inflammation, they participate in the degradation of numerous proteins involved in the regulation of the immune response. In this study, we employed ADAM17(-/-) fibroblasts stably transfected with cDNA of human pro-tumor necrosis factor alpha (proTNFalpha) (ADAM17(-/-)TNF(+)) to investigate the effects of NE and CG on shedding and degradation of TNFalpha. Both NE and CG were found to diminish the level of membrane TNFalpha (mTNFalpha) as measured by flow cytometry. This process was accompanied by the accumulation of biologically active soluble TNFalpha (sTNFalpha) in the culture medium, as determined by an increase in both the cytotoxic activity of TNFalpha and its ability to serve as a co-stimulator in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, in contrast to CG, NE at high concentrations was able to degrade sTNFalpha released from the cell surface. Using soluble recombinant human TNFalpha, we identified Val(93)-Ala(94) and Val(117)-Glu(118) as the NE cleavage sites within the sTNFalpha molecule. Taken together, the ability of NE and CG to modulate levels of membrane and soluble forms of TNFalpha may contribute to the proinflammatory activity of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mezyk-Kopeć
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Thornton CA, Upham JW, Wikström ME, Holt BJ, White GP, Sharp MJ, Sly PD, Holt PG. Functional Maturation of CD4+CD25+CTLA4+CD45RA+T Regulatory Cells in Human Neonatal T Cell Responses to Environmental Antigens/Allergens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:3084-92. [PMID: 15322168 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A number of laboratories have reported cord blood T cell responses to ubiquitous environmental Ags, including allergens, by proliferation and cytokine secretion. Moreover, the magnitude of these responses has been linked with risk for subsequent expression of allergy. These findings have been widely interpreted as evidence for transplacental priming and the development of fetal T memory cells against Ags present in the maternal environment. However, we present findings below that suggest that neonatal T cell responses to allergens (and other Ags) differ markedly from those occurring in later life. Notably, in contrast to allergen-responsive adult CD4(+) T cell cultures, responding neonatal T cell cultures display high levels of apoptosis. Comparable responses were observed against a range of microbial Ags and against a parasite Ag absent from the local environment, but not against autoantigen. A notable finding was the appearance in these cultures of CD4(+)CD25(+)CTLA4(+) T cells that de novo develop MLR-suppressive activity. These cells moreover expressed CD45RA and CD38, hallmarks of recent thymic emigrants. CFSE-labeling studies indicate that the CD4(+)CD25(+) cells observed at the end of the culture period were present in the day 0 starting populations, but they were not suppressive in MLR responses. Collectively, these findings suggest that a significant component of the reactivity of human neonatal CD4(+) T cells toward nominal Ag (allergen) represents a default response by recent thymic emigrants, providing an initial burst of short-lived cellular immunity in the absence of conventional T cell memory, which is limited in intensity and duration via the parallel activation of regulatory T cells.
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