1
|
Geyer CE, Chen HJ, Bye AP, Manz XD, Guerra D, Caniels TG, Bijl TP, Griffith GR, Hoepel W, de Taeye SW, Veth J, Vlaar AP, Vidarsson G, Bogaard HJ, Aman J, Gibbins JM, van Gils MJ, de Winther MP, den Dunnen J. Identification of new drugs to counteract anti-spike IgG-induced hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302106. [PMID: 37699657 PMCID: PMC10497933 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we and others have shown that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG antibodies play a major role in disease severity in COVID-19 by triggering macrophage hyperactivation, disrupting endothelial barrier integrity, and inducing thrombus formation. This hyperinflammation is dependent on high levels of anti-spike IgG with aberrant Fc tail glycosylation, leading to Fcγ receptor hyperactivation. For development of immune-regulatory therapeutics, drug specificity is crucial to counteract excessive inflammation whereas simultaneously minimizing the inhibition of antiviral immunity. We here developed an in vitro activation assay to screen for small molecule drugs that specifically counteract antibody-induced pathology. We identified that anti-spike-induced inflammation is specifically blocked by small molecule inhibitors against SYK and PI3K. We identified SYK inhibitor entospletinib as the most promising candidate drug, which also counteracted anti-spike-induced endothelial dysfunction and thrombus formation. Moreover, entospletinib blocked inflammation by different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Combined, these data identify entospletinib as a promising treatment for severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E Geyer
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander P Bye
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Xue D Manz
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Denise Guerra
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom G Caniels
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom Pl Bijl
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R Griffith
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Veth
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Pj Vlaar
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Marit J van Gils
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno Pj de Winther
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao XW, Hu HL, Xie MH, Tang CX, Ou J, Lu ZH. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis alleviates inflammation and apoptosis in human nucleus pulpous cells via M2 macrophage polarization. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:359. [PMID: 37324510 PMCID: PMC10265713 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) belongs to the CX3C chemokine family and is involved in various disease processes. However, its role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and ELISA assays were used to assess target gene expression. In addition, immunofluorescence and TUNEL staining were used to assess macrophage infiltration, monocyte migration and apoptosis. The present study aimed to reveal if and how CX3CL1 regulates IDD progression by exploring its effect on macrophage polarization and apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs). The data showed that CX3CL1 bound to CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) promoted the M2 phenotype polarization via JAK2/STAT3 signaling, followed by increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines from HNPCs. In addition, HNPC-derived CX3CL1 promoted M2 macrophage-derived C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 release thereby reducing the apoptosis of HNPCs. In clinic, the reduction of mRNA and protein levels CX3CL1 in degenerative nucleus pulposus tissues (NPs) was measured. Increased M1 macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokines were found in NPs of IDD patients with low CX3CL1 expression. Collectively, these findings suggested that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis alleviates IDD by reducing inflammation and apoptosis of HNPCs via macrophages. Therefore, targeting CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is expected to produce a new therapeutic approach for IDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Gao
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Han-Lin Hu
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hua Xie
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Tang
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ou
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hao Lu
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Birkle TJY, Brown GC. Syk inhibitors protect against microglia-mediated neuronal loss in culture. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1120952. [PMID: 37009452 PMCID: PMC10050448 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain macrophages and play beneficial and/or detrimental roles in many brain pathologies because of their inflammatory and phagocytic activity. Microglial inflammation and phagocytosis are thought to be regulated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), which is activated by multiple microglial receptors, including TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2), implicated in neurodegeneration. Here, we have tested whether Syk inhibitors can prevent microglia-dependent neurodegeneration induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary neuron-glia cultures. We found that the Syk inhibitors BAY61-3606 and P505-15 (at 1 and 10 μM, respectively) completely prevented the neuronal loss induced by LPS, which was microglia-dependent. Syk inhibition also prevented the spontaneous loss of neurons from older neuron-glia cultures. In the absence of LPS, Syk inhibition depleted microglia from the cultures and induced some microglial death. However, in the presence of LPS, Syk inhibition had relatively little effect on microglial density (reduced by 0-30%) and opposing effects on the release of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 decreased by about 45%, TNFα increased by 80%). Syk inhibition also had no effect on the morphological transition of microglia exposed to LPS. On the other hand, inhibition of Syk reduced microglial phagocytosis of beads, synapses and neurons. Thus, Syk inhibition in this model is most likely neuroprotective by reducing microglial phagocytosis, however, the reduced microglial density and IL-6 release may also contribute. This work adds to increasing evidence that Syk is a key regulator of the microglial contribution to neurodegenerative disease and suggests that Syk inhibitors may be used to prevent excessive microglial phagocytosis of synapses and neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy C. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin C, DiCioccio RA, Haykal T, McManigle WC, Li Z, Anand SM, Poe JC, Bracken SJ, Jia W, Alyea EP, Cardones AR, Choi T, Gasparetto C, Grunwald MR, Hennig T, Kang Y, Long GD, Lopez R, Martin M, Minor KK, Quinones VLP, Sung AD, Wiggins K, Chao NJ, Horwitz ME, Rizzieri DA, Sarantopoulos S. A Phase I Trial of SYK Inhibition with Fostamatinib in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:179.e1-179.e10. [PMID: 36577483 PMCID: PMC10433369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exciting advancement of novel therapies, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains the most common cause of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Frontline treatment of cGVHD involves systemic steroids, which are associated with significant morbidities. We previously found that inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) with fostamatinib preferentially eradicated aberrantly activated B cells in both ex vivo studies of cGVHD patient B cells, as well as in vivo mouse studies. These and other preclinical studies implicated hyper-reactive B-cell receptor signaling and increased SYK expression in the pathogenesis of cGVHD and compelled this first in-human allogeneic HCT clinical trial. We investigated the safety and efficacy of the oral SYK inhibitor, fostamatinib, for both the prevention and treatment of cGVHD. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety of fostamatinib and determine its maximum tolerated dose in the post-HCT setting. Secondary objectives included assessing the efficacy of fostamatinib in preventing and treating cGVHD, as well as examining alterations in B-cell compartments with treatment. This was a single-institution phase I clinical trial that evaluated the use of fostamatinib in allogeneic HCT patients before the development of cGVHD or at the time of steroid-refractory cGVHD (SR-cGVHD). Patients received fostamatinib at one of three dose levels using a continual reassessment algorithm to determine the maximum tolerated dose. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to evaluate changes in B cell subpopulations over the first year of treatment with fostamatinib. Nineteen patients were enrolled in this phase I trial, with 5 in the prophylaxis arm and 14 in the therapeutic arm. One patient (5%) required discontinuation of therapy for a dose-limiting toxicity. At a median follow-up of over 3 years, no patients had cancer relapse while on fostamatinib treatment, and recurrent malignancy was observed in 1 patient 2 years after the end of therapy. In the prophylaxis arm, 1 of 5 patients (20%) developed cGVHD while on fostamatinib. In the therapeutic arm, the overall response rate was 77%, with a complete response rate of 31%. The median duration of response was 19.3 months and the 12-month failure-free survival was 69% (95% confidence interval, 48-100). Patients were able to reduce their steroid dose by a median of 80%, with 73% remaining on a lower dose at 1 year compared to baseline. There was an early reduction in the proportion of IgD-CD38hi plasmablast-like cells with fostamatinib treatment, particularly in those SR-cGVHD patients who had an eventual response. B-cell reconstitution was not significantly impacted by fostamatinib therapy after allogeneic HCT. Fostamatinib featured a favorable safety profile in the post-HCT setting. Our data suggests an early efficacy signal that was associated with effects on expected cell targets in both the prophylaxis and treatment of cGVHD, providing rationale for a phase II investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Lin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rachel A DiCioccio
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tarek Haykal
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William C McManigle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sarah M Anand
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan C Poe
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sonali J Bracken
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wei Jia
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Edwin P Alyea
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adela R Cardones
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Taewoong Choi
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael R Grunwald
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Therese Hennig
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gwynn D Long
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard Lopez
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Melissa Martin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kerry K Minor
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Anthony D Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristi Wiggins
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mitchell E Horwitz
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qu J, Yang SZ, Zhu Y, Guo T, Thannickal VJ, Zhou Y. Targeting mechanosensitive MDM4 promotes lung fibrosis resolution in aged mice. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202033. [PMID: 33688918 PMCID: PMC7953267 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a strong risk factor and an independent prognostic factor for progressive human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Aged mice develop nonresolving pulmonary fibrosis following lung injury. In this study, we found that mouse double minute 4 homolog (MDM4) is highly expressed in the fibrotic lesions of human IPF and experimental pulmonary fibrosis in aged mice. We identified MDM4 as a matrix stiffness-regulated endogenous inhibitor of p53. Reducing matrix stiffness down-regulates MDM4 expression, resulting in p53 activation in primary lung myofibroblasts isolated from IPF patients. Gain of p53 function activates a gene program that sensitizes lung myofibroblasts to apoptosis and promotes the clearance of apoptotic myofibroblasts by macrophages. Destiffening of the fibrotic lung matrix by targeting nonenzymatic cross-linking or genetic ablation of Mdm4 in lung (myo)fibroblasts activates the Mdm4-p53 pathway and promotes lung fibrosis resolution in aged mice. These findings suggest that mechanosensitive MDM4 is a molecular target with promising therapeutic potential against persistent lung fibrosis associated with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan-Zhong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saidu NEB, Bonini C, Dickinson A, Grce M, Inngjerdingen M, Koehl U, Toubert A, Zeiser R, Galimberti S. New Approaches for the Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Current Status and Future Directions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578314. [PMID: 33162993 PMCID: PMC7583636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is a severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that affects various organs leading to a reduced quality of life. The condition often requires enduring immunosuppressive therapy, which can also lead to the development of severe side effects. Several approaches including small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, cytokines, and cellular therapies are now being developed for the treatment of cGvHD, and some of these therapies have been or are currently tested in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss these emerging therapies with particular emphasis on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs are a class of compounds that inhibits tyrosine kinases, thereby preventing the dissemination of growth signals and activation of key cellular proteins that are involved in cell growth and division. Because they have been shown to inhibit key kinases in both B cells and T cells that are involved in the pathophysiology of cGvHD, TKIs present new promising therapeutic approaches. Ibrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor, has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States for the treatment of adult patients with cGvHD after failure of first-line of systemic therapy. Also, Janus Associated Kinases (JAK1 and JAK2) inhibitors, such as itacitinib (JAK1) and ruxolitinib (JAK1 and 2), are promising in the treatment of cGvHD. Herein, we present the current status and future directions of the use of these new drugs with particular spotlight on their targeting of specific intracellular signal transduction cascades important for cGvHD, in order to shed some light on their possible mode of actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Edward Bennett Saidu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Anne Dickinson
- Haematological Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Grce
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Leipzig and Fraunhofer IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d`Histocompatibilité, AP-HP, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zuo WL, Rostami MR, LeBlanc M, Kaner RJ, O’Beirne SL, Mezey JG, Leopold PL, Quast K, Visvanathan S, Fine JS, Thomas MJ, Crystal RG. Dysregulation of club cell biology in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237529. [PMID: 32941426 PMCID: PMC7498242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, chronic fibrotic lung disease with an irreversible decline of lung function. "Bronchiolization", characterized by ectopic appearance of airway epithelial cells in the alveolar regions, is one of the characteristic features in the IPF lung. Based on the knowledge that club cells are the major epithelial secretory cells in human small airways, and their major secretory product uteroglobin (SCGB1A1) is significantly increased in both serum and epithelial lining fluid of IPF lung, we hypothesize that human airway club cells contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF. By assessing the transcriptomes of the single cells from human lung of control donors and IPF patients, we identified two SCGB1A1+ club cell subpopulations, highly expressing MUC5B, a significant genetic risk factor strongly associated with IPF, and SCGB3A2, a marker heterogeneously expressed in the club cells, respectively. Interestingly, the cellular proportion of SCGB1A1+MUC5B+ club cells was significantly increased in IPF patients, and this club cell subpopulation highly expressed genes related to mucous production and immune cell chemotaxis. In contrast, though the cellular proportion did not change, the molecular phenotype of the SCGB1A1+SCGB3A2high club cell subpopulation was significantly altered in IPF lung, with increased expression of mucins, cytokine and extracellular matrix genes. The single cell transcriptomic analysis reveals the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of club cells, and provide novel insights into the biological functions of club cells in the pathogenesis of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Lin Zuo
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mahboubeh R. Rostami
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle LeBlanc
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. O’Beirne
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason G. Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Philip L. Leopold
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karsten Quast
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sudha Visvanathan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jay S. Fine
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miao S, Lu M, Liu Y, Shu D, Zhu Y, Song W, Ma Y, Ma R, Zhang B, Fang C, Ming ZY. Platelets are recruited to hepatocellular carcinoma tissues in a CX3CL1-CX3CR1 dependent manner and induce tumour cell apoptosis. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2546-2559. [PMID: 32799418 PMCID: PMC7530782 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms and biological functions of migrating platelets in cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed platelet infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. We detected platelet extravasation in both mouse and human HCC tissues. CX3CL1 directly induced platelet migration, and hypoxia enhanced platelet migration by upregulating CX3CL1 expression. Knocking down CX3CL1 in HCC cells reduced platelet migration in vitro, as well as infiltration of HCC tissue in an orthotopic HCC mouse model. Components of the CX3CR1/Syk/PI3K pathway were essential for CX3CL1‐induced platelet migration. Migrating platelets induced HCC cell apoptosis in vitro, as indicated by a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and an increased percentage of apoptotic cells. In the orthotopic tumor implantation model, decreased platelet infiltration was associated with accelerated tumor growth. Taken together, our findings indicate that HCC cell‐derived CX3CL1 contributes to tumor infiltration by platelets, which in turn promotes apoptosis of HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Pharmacy Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang-Yin Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang T, Guo L, Chen L, Li J, Li Q, Pi Y, Zhu J, Zhang L. A novel role of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and atherosclerotic calcification. Cell Calcium 2020; 91:102265. [PMID: 32814243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN) and its specific receptor CX3CR1 play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis including recruitment of vascular cells and the development of inflammation. However, its contribution to regulating the development of atherosclerotic calcification has not been well documented. Osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is critical in the development of calcification in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the effect of FKN/CX3CR1 on the progression of VSMCs calcification and defined molecular signaling that is operative in the FKN/CX3CR1-induced osteogenic transformation of VSMCs. We found that high-fat diet induced atherosclerotic calcification in vivo was markedly inhibited in the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and CX3CR1 deficient (ApoE-/-/CX3CR1-/-) mice compared with their control littermates. FKN and CX3CR1 were both expressed in VSMCs and up-regulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). FKN/CX3CR1 promoted the expression of osteogenic markers, including osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and decreased VSMCs markers, including smooth muscle (SM) α-actin and SM22-α in a dose-dependent manner. The essential role of FKN/CX3CR1 in VSMCs calcification was further confirmed by lentivirus-mediated knockdown or overexpression of CX3CR1 blocked or accelerated osteogenic transformation of VSMCs. This response was associated with reciprocal up- and down-regulation of osteogenic factor, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), transcription factors in osteoclast differentiation, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RNAKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), respectively. Inhibition of FKN/CX3CR1-activated Jak2/Stat3 signaling by the Jak/Stat inhibitor AG490 blocked osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and RUNX2 induction concurrently. Taken together, our data uncovered novel roles of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting VSMC osteogenic transformation and atherosclerotic calcification by activating RUNX2 through Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and suppressing OPG. Our findings suggest that targeting FKN/CX3CR1 may provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jingcheng Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan Pi
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a pivotal immunological process, and its discovery by Elia Metchnikoff in 1882 was a step toward the establishment of the innate immune system as a separate branch of immunology. Elia Metchnikoff received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for this discovery in 1908. Since its discovery almost 140 years before, phagocytosis remains the hot topic of research in immunology. The phagocytosis research has seen a great advancement since its first discovery. Functionally, phagocytosis is a simple immunological process required to engulf and remove pathogens, dead cells and tumor cells to maintain the immune homeostasis. However, mechanistically, it is a very complex process involving different mechanisms, induced and regulated by several pattern recognition receptors, soluble pattern recognition molecules, scavenger receptors (SRs) and opsonins. These mechanisms involve the formation of phagosomes, their maturation into phagolysosomes causing pathogen destruction or antigen synthesis to present them to major histocompatibility complex molecules for activating an adaptive immune response. Any defect in this mechanism may predispose the host to certain infections and inflammatory diseases (autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases) along with immunodeficiency. The article is designed to discuss its mechanistic complexity at each level, varying from phagocytosis induction to phagolysosome resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marques P, Barry S, Carlsen E, Collier D, Ronaldson A, Awad S, Dorward N, Grieve J, Mendoza N, Muquit S, Grossman AB, Balkwill F, Korbonits M. Chemokines modulate the tumour microenvironment in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:172. [PMID: 31703742 PMCID: PMC6839241 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tumoural cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) influence tumour proliferation, invasiveness and angiogenesis. Little is known about TME in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs). We aimed to characterise the role of TME in the aggressive behaviour of PitNETs, focusing on immune cells and cytokines. The cytokine secretome of 16 clinically non-functioning PitNETs (NF-PitNETs) and 8 somatotropinomas was assessed in primary culture using an immunoassay panel with 42 cytokines. This was correlated with macrophage (CD68, HLA-DR, CD163), T-lymphocyte (CD8, CD4, FOXP3), B-lymphocyte (CD20), neutrophil (neutrophil elastase) and endothelial cells (CD31) content, compared to normal pituitaries (NPs, n = 5). In vitro tumour-macrophage interactions were assessed by conditioned medium (CM) of GH3 (pituitary tumour) and RAW264.7 (macrophage) cell lines on morphology, migration/invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cytokine secretion. IL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10, CCL22 and CXCL1 are the main PitNET-derived cytokines. PitNETs with increased macrophage and neutrophil content had higher IL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL1 levels. CD8+ T-lymphocytes were associated to higher CCL2, CCL4 and VEGF-A levels. PitNETs had more macrophages than NPs (p < 0.001), with a 3-fold increased CD163:HLA-DR macrophage ratio. PitNETs contained more CD4+ T-lymphocytes (p = 0.005), but fewer neutrophils (p = 0.047) with a 2-fold decreased CD8:CD4 ratio. NF-PitNETs secreted more cytokines and had 9 times more neutrophils than somatotropinomas (p = 0.002). PitNETs with higher Ki-67 had more FOXP3+ T cells, as well as lower CD68:FOXP3, CD8:CD4 and CD8:FOXP3 ratios. PitNETs with "deleterious immune phenotype" (CD68hiCD4hiFOXP3hiCD20hi) had a Ki-67 ≥ 3%. CD163:HLA-DR macrophage ratio was positively correlated with microvessel density (p = 0.015) and area (p < 0.001). GH3 cell-CM increased macrophage chemotaxis, while macrophage-CM changed morphology, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and secreted cytokines of GH3 cells. PitNETs are characterised by increased CD163:HLA-DR macrophage and reduced CD8:CD4 and CD8:FOXP3 T cell ratios. PitNET-derived chemokines facilitate macrophage, neutrophil and T cell recruitment into the tumours which can determine aggressive behaviour.
Collapse
|
12
|
Elhamouly M, Nii T, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. Expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during the ovulatory cycle and effects of aging on their expression in the uterine mucosa of laying hens. Cytokine 2018; 111:303-308. [PMID: 30269026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether cytokines and chemokines expressed in the uterine mucosa play a role in the process of eggshell formation in the chicken uterus. Changes in the expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the uterine mucosa during an ovulatory cycle (experiment 1) and effects of aging on their expression (experiment 2) were examined. In experiment 1, the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL6, TNFSF15, and IFNγ, and a chemokine CX3CL1 was found to increase during eggshell biomineralization (16 h following oviposition), while anti-inflammatory TGFβ2 expression was found to increase at 4 h following oviposition. In experiment 2, a higher expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGFβ2 and TGFβ3, and chemokines CXCLi2 and CX3CL1, was observed in aged hens than in young hens. A significantly higher number of macrophages and CD8+ T cells were observed in the uterine tissue of aged hens than in young hens. Furthermore, the expression of adhesion molecules associated with leukocytic infiltration was found to be higher in aged hens than in young hens. We conclude that the eggshell formation process may be affected by the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The balanced expressions of these molecules might be disrupted in aged hens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Elhamouly
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Nii
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - N Isobe
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Y Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Structure-Function Relationships Underlying the Capacity of Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin to Disarm Host Phagocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100300. [PMID: 28946636 PMCID: PMC5666347 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetellae, pathogenic to mammals, produce an immunomodulatory adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT or AC-Hly) that enables them to overcome the innate immune defense of the host. CyaA subverts host phagocytic cells by an orchestrated action of its functional domains, where an extremely catalytically active adenylyl cyclase enzyme is delivered into phagocyte cytosol by a pore-forming repeat-in-toxin (RTX) cytolysin moiety. By targeting sentinel cells expressing the complement receptor 3, known as the CD11b/CD18 (αMβ₂) integrin, CyaA compromises the bactericidal functions of host phagocytes and supports infection of host airways by Bordetellae. Here, we review the state of knowledge on structural and functional aspects of CyaA toxin action, placing particular emphasis on signaling mechanisms by which the toxin-produced 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) subverts the physiology of phagocytic cells.
Collapse
|
14
|
N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in CX3CL1 is essential for its full biologic activity. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170712. [PMID: 28739588 PMCID: PMC5634468 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is a unique member of the CX3C chemokine family and mediates
both adhesion and cell migration in inflammatory processes. Frequently, the
activity of chemokines depends on a modified N-terminus as described for the
N-terminus of CCL2 modified to a pGlu- (pyroglutamate) residue by QC (glutaminyl
cyclase) activity. Here, we assess the role of the pGlu-modified residue of the
CX3CL1 chemokine domain in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. For the
first time, we demonstrated using MS that QC (QPCT, gene name
of QC) or its isoenzyme isoQC (iso-glutaminyl cyclase) (QPCTL,
gene name of isoQC) catalyse the formation of N-terminal-modified pGlu-CX3CL1.
Expression of QPCT is co-regulated with its substrates
CCL2 and CX3CL1 in HUVECs (human umbilical
vein endothelial cells) and HCASMCs (human coronary artery smooth muscle cells)
upon stimulation with TNF-α and IL-1β whereas
QPCTL expression is not affected. By contrast, inhibition
of the NF-κB pathway using an IKK2 inhibitor decreased the expression of
the co-regulated targets QPCT, CCL2, and
CX3CL1. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated inhibition of
QPCT expression resulted in a reduction in
CCL2 and CX3CL1 mRNA. In HCASMCs,
N-terminal-modified pGlu1-CX3CL1 induced a significant stronger effect on
phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase) 1/2, Akt (protein
kinase B), and p38 (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases than the
immature Gln1-CX3CL1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore,
pGlu1-CX3CL1 affected the expression of CCL2, CX3CL1, and the
adhesion molecule ICAM1/CD54 (intercellular adhesion
molecule-1) inducing in higher expression level compared with its Gln1-variant
in both HCASMCs and HUVECs. These results strongly suggest that QC-catalysed
N-terminal pGlu formation of CX3CL1 is important for the stability or the
interaction with its receptor and opens new insights into the function of QC in
inflammation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ge R, Tornero D, Hirota M, Monni E, Laterza C, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid route for monocyte-derived macrophages after stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:153. [PMID: 28754163 PMCID: PMC5534106 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Choroid plexus (CP) supports the entry of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to the central nervous system in animal models of traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. Whether the CP is involved in the recruitment of MDMs to the injured brain after ischemic stroke is unknown. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to focal cortical ischemia by permanent occlusion of the distal branch of the right middle cerebral artery. Choroid plexus tissues were collected and analyzed for Vcam1, Madcam1, Cx3cl1, Ccl2, Nt5e, and Ifnγ expression at different timepoints after stroke using qPCR. Changes of MDMs in CP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1 day and 3 days after stroke were analyzed using flow cytometry. Infiltration of MDMs into CP and CSF were validated using β-actin-GFP chimeric mice and Fgd5-CreERT2 x Lox-stop-lox-Tomato mice. CD115+ monocytes were isolated using a magnetic cell separation system from bone marrow of Cx3cr1-GFP or wild-type C57BL/6 donor mice. The freshly isolated monocytes or M2-like MDMs primed in vitro with IL4 and IL13 were stereotaxically injected into the lateral ventricle of stroke-affected mice to trace for their migration into ischemic hemisphere or to assess their effect on post-stroke recovery using open field, corridor, and active avoidance behavioral tests. Results We found that CP responded to cortical stroke by upregulation of gene expression for several possible mediators of MDM trafficking and, concomitantly, MDMs increased in CP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We then confirmed that MDMs infiltrated from blood into CP and CSF after the insult using β-actin-GFP chimeric mice and Fgd5-CreERT2 x Lox-stop-lox-Tomato mice. When MDMs were directly administered into CSF following stroke, they homed to the ischemic hemisphere. If they had been primed in vitro prior to their administration to become M2-like macrophages, they promoted post-stroke recovery of motor and cognitive function without influencing infarct volume. Conclusions Our findings suggest the possibility that autologous transplantation of M2-like MDMs into CSF might be developed into a new strategy for promoting recovery also in patients with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Ge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Masao Hirota
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Monni
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Enam SF, Krieger JR, Saxena T, Watts BE, Olingy CE, Botchwey EA, Bellamkonda RV. Enrichment of endogenous fractalkine and anti-inflammatory cells via aptamer-functionalized hydrogels. Biomaterials 2017; 142:52-61. [PMID: 28727998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Early recruitment of non-classical monocytes and their macrophage derivatives is associated with augmented tissue repair and improved integration of biomaterial constructs. A promising therapeutic approach to recruit these subpopulations is by elevating local concentrations of chemoattractants such as fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1). However, delivering recombinant or purified proteins is not ideal due to their short half-lives, suboptimal efficacy, immunogenic potential, batch variabilities, and cost. Here we report an approach to enrich endogenous FKN, obviating the need for delivery of exogenous proteins. In this study, modified FKN-binding-aptamers are integrated with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate to form aptamer-functionalized hydrogels ("aptagels") that localize, dramatically enrich and passively release FKN in vitro for at least one week. Implantation in a mouse model of excisional skin injury demonstrates that aptagels enrich endogenous FKN and stimulate significant local increases in Ly6CloCX3CR1hi non-classical monocytes and CD206+ M2-like macrophages. The results demonstrate that orchestrators of inflammation can be manipulated without delivery of foreign proteins or cells and FKN-aptamer functionalized biomaterials may be a promising approach to recruit anti-inflammatory subpopulations to sites of injury. Aptagels are readily synthesized, highly customizable and could combine different aptamers to treat complex diseases in which regulation or enrichment of multiple proteins may be therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faaiz Enam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jack R Krieger
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tarun Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brian E Watts
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Claire E Olingy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ravi V Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Protective vaccination and blood-stage malaria modify DNA methylation of gene promoters in the liver of Balb/c mice. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1463-1477. [PMID: 28315013 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation are increasingly recognized to be critical for vaccination efficacy and outcome of different infectious diseases, but corresponding information is scarcely available for host defense against malaria. In the experimental blood-stage malaria Plasmodium chabaudi, we investigate the possible effects of a blood-stage vaccine on DNA methylation of gene promoters in the liver, known as effector against blood-stage malaria, using DNA methylation microarrays. Naturally susceptible Balb/c mice acquire, by protective vaccination, the potency to survive P. chabaudi malaria and, concomitantly, modifications of constitutive DNA methylation of promoters of numerous genes in the liver; specifically, promoters of 256 genes are hyper(=up)- and 345 genes are hypo(=down)-methylated (p < 0.05). Protective vaccination also leads to changes in promoter DNA methylation upon challenge with P. chabaudi at peak parasitemia on day 8 post infection (p.i.), when 571 and 1013 gene promoters are up- and down-methylated, respectively, in relation to constitutive DNA methylation (p < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analyses reveal that both vaccination and P. chabaudi infections mainly modify promoters of those genes which are most statistically enriched with functions relating to regulation of transcription. Genes with down-methylated promoters encompass those encoding CX3CL1, GP130, and GATA2, known to be involved in monocyte recruitment, IL-6 trans-signaling, and onset of erythropoiesis, respectively. Our data suggest that vaccination may epigenetically improve parts of several effector functions of the liver against blood-stage malaria, as, e.g., recruitment of monocyte/macrophage to the liver accelerated liver regeneration and extramedullary hepatic erythropoiesis, thus leading to self-healing of otherwise lethal P. chabaudi blood-stage malaria.
Collapse
|
18
|
Joós G, Jákim J, Kiss B, Szamosi R, Papp T, Felszeghy S, Sághy T, Nagy G, Szondy Z. Involvement of adenosine A3 receptors in the chemotactic navigation of macrophages towards apoptotic cells. Immunol Lett 2017; 183:62-72. [PMID: 28188820 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The first step in the clearance of apoptotic cells is chemotactic migration of macrophages towards the apoptotic cells guided by find-me signals provided by the dying cells. Upon sensing the chemotactic signals, macrophages release ATP. ATP is then degraded to ADP, AMP and adenosine to trigger purinergic receptors concentrated at the leading edge of the cell. Previous studies have shown that in addition to the chemotactic signals, this purinergic autocrine signaling is required to amplify and translate chemotactic signals into directional motility. In the present study the involvement of adenosine A3 receptors (A3R) was studied in the chemotactic migration of macrophages directed by apoptotic thymocyte-derived find-me signals. By taking video images in vitro, we demonstrate 1, by administering apyrase, which degrades ATP and ADP, that the purinergic autocrine signaling is required for maintaining both the velocity and the directionality of macrophage migration towards the apoptotic thymocytes; 2, by readding 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, an adenosine analogue, to apyrase treated cells that the adenosine receptor signaling alone is sufficient to act so; and 3, by studying migration of various adenosine receptor null or adenosine receptor antagonist-treated macrophages, that the individual loss of the A3R signaling leads to the loss of chemotactic navigation. Though loss of A3Rs does not affect the phagocytotic capacity of macrophages, intraperitoneally-injected apoptotic thymocytes were cleared with a delayed kinetics by A3R null macrophages in vivo due to the impaired chemotactic navigation. All together these data demonstrate the involvement of macrophage A3Rs in the proper chemotactic navigation and consequent in vivo clearance of apoptotic cells. Interestingly, loss of A3Rs did not affect the in vivo clearance of apoptotic thymocytes in the dexamethasone-treated thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Joós
- Dental Biochemistry Section, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Hungary
| | - Judit Jákim
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kiss
- Dental Biochemistry Section, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Hungary
| | - Regina Szamosi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Sághy
- Dental Biochemistry Section, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Dental Biochemistry Section, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matsuura T, Ichinose S, Akiyama M, Kasahara Y, Tachikawa N, Nakahama KI. Involvement of CX3CL1 in the Migration of Osteoclast Precursors Across Osteoblast Layer Stimulated by Interleukin-1ß. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1739-1745. [PMID: 27579490 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The trigger for bone remodeling is bone resorption by osteoclasts. Osteoclast differentiation only occurs on the old bone, which needs to be repaired under physiological conditions. However, uncontrolled bone resorption is often observed in pro-inflammatory bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Mature osteoclasts are multinuclear cells that differentiate from monocyte/macrophage lineage cells by cell fusion. Although Osteoclast precursors should migrate across osteoblast layer to reach bone matrix before maturation, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in detail. We herein found that osteoclast precursors utilize two routes to migrate across osteoblast layer by confocal- and electro-microscopic observations. The osteoclast supporting activity of osteoblasts inversely correlated with osteoblast density and was positively related to the number of osteoclast precursors under the osteoblast layer. Osteoclast differentiation was induced by IL-1ß, but not by PGE2 in high-density osteoblasts. Osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors expressed CX3CL1 and CX3CR1, respectively, and the expression of CX3CL1 increased in response to interleukin-1ß. An anti-CX3CL1-neutralizing antibody inhibited the migration of osteoclast precursors and osteoclast differentiation. These results strongly suggest the involvement of CX3CL1 in the migration of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis, and will contribute to the development of new therapies for bone diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1739-1745, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Matsuura
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Akiyama
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kasahara
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Tachikawa
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakahama
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Simons B, Ferrini ME, Carvalho S, Bassett DJP, Jaffar Z, Roberts K. PGI2 Controls Pulmonary NK Cells That Prevent Airway Sensitization to House Dust Mite Allergen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:461-471. [PMID: 27895167 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In allergic asthma, inhalation of airborne allergens such as the house dust mite (HDM) effectively activates both innate and adaptive immunity in the lung mucosa. To determine the role of the eicosanoid PGI2 and its receptor IP during allergic airway sensitization, HDM responses in mice lacking a functional IP receptor (i.e., PGI2 IP receptor-deficient [IP-/-]) were compared with wild type (WT) mice. Surprisingly, IP-/- mice had increased numbers of pulmonary CD3-NK1.1+Ly49b+ NK cells producing IFN-γ that was inversely associated with the number of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expressing IL-33Rα and IL-13 compared with WT animals. This phenomenon was associated with elevated CX3CL1 levels in the airways of IP-/- mice and treatment with a neutralizing Ab to CX3CL1 reduced IFN-γ production by the lung NK cells. Remarkably, IP-/- mice were less responsive to HDM challenge than WT counterparts because intranasal instillation of the allergen induced markedly reduced levels of airway eosinophils, CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration, and mucus production, as well as depressed levels of CCL2 chemokine and Th2 cytokines. NK cells were responsible for such attenuated responses because depletion of NK1.1+ cells in IP-/- mice restored both the HDM-induced lung inflammation and ILC2 numbers, whereas transfer of CD3-NK1.1+ NK cells into the airways of WT hosts suppressed the inflammatory response. Collectively, these data demonstrate a hitherto unknown role for PGI2 in regulating the number and properties of NK cells resident in lung tissue and reveal a role for NK cells in limiting lung tissue ILC2s and preventing allergic inflammatory responses to inhaled HDM allergen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Simons
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| | - Maria E Ferrini
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| | - Sophia Carvalho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| | - David J P Bassett
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Zeina Jaffar
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| | - Kevan Roberts
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Chen W, Wu C, Minze LJ, Kubiak JZ, Li XC, Kloc M, Ghobrial RM. Macrophage/monocyte-specific deletion of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) downregulates fractalkine receptor and inhibits chronic rejection of mouse cardiac allografts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 36:340-354. [PMID: 27692539 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic rejection of transplanted organs remain obscure; however, macrophages are known to play a critical role in the injury and repair of allografts. Among multiple factors influencing macrophage infiltration to allografts, the fractalkine chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1(CX3CL1)/chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) signaling pathway and actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by a small guanosine-5׳-triphosphatase Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), are of the utmost importance. To define the role of macrophage/RhoA pathway involvement in chronic rejection, we generated mice with monocyte/macrophage-specific deletion of RhoA. METHODS Hearts from BALB/c (H-2d) donors were transplanted into RhoAflox/flox (no Cre) and heterozygous Lyz2Cre+/-RhoAflox/flox recipients treated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 immunoglobulin to inhibit early T-cell response. Allografts were assessed for chronic rejection and monocyte/macrophage functions. RESULTS The deletion of RhoA inhibited macrophage infiltration, neointimal hyperplasia of vasculature, and abrogated chronic rejection of the allografts. The RhoA deletion downregulated G protein-coupled fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which activates the RhoA pathway and controls monocyte/macrophage trafficking into the vascular endothelium. This in turn promotes, through overproliferation and differentiation of smooth muscle cells in the arterial walls, neointimal hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of codependence of chronic rejection on monocyte/macrophage CX3CR1/CX3CL1 and RhoA signaling pathways may lead to the development of novel anti-chronic rejection therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yianzhu Liu
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Chenglin Wu
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; The Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Su Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Gungzhou, China
| | - Laurie J Minze
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- CNRS UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Cell Cycle Group, IFR 140 GFAS, France; University of Rennes 1, Faculty of medicine, Rennes, France; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Xian C Li
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; University of Rennes 1, Faculty of medicine, Rennes, France; The Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ryan J, Kanellis J, Blease K, Ma FY, Nikolic-Paterson DJ. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Promotes Myeloid Cell Recruitment and Kidney Damage after Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2032-2042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Ma B, Xu L, Pan X, Sun L, Ding J, Xie C, Koliatsos VE, Cai H. LRRK2 modulates microglial activity through regulation of chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1 -mediated signalling pathways. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3515-3523. [PMID: 27378696 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple missense mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common degenerative movement disorder. LRRK2 is expressed by both neurons and microglia, the residential immune cells in the brain. Increasing evidence supports a role of LRRK2 in modulating microglial activity, of which Lrrk2-null rodent microglia display less inflammatory response to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The underlying molecular mechanism, however, remains elusive. Chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1 (CX3CR1), predominantly expressed by microglia, suppresses microglial inflammation while promotes migration. Using whole-genome microarray screening, we found that Cx3cr1 mRNA levels were substantially higher in microglia derived from Lrrk2 knockout (Lrrk2-/-) mice. The total and cell surface levels of CX3CR1 proteins were also remarkably increased. In correlation with the enhanced CX3CR1 expression, Lrrk2-null microglia migrated faster and travelled longer distance toward the source of fractalkine (CX3CL1), an endogenous ligand of CX3CR1. To investigate the impact of CX3CR1 elevation in vivo, we compared LPS-induced inflammation in the striatum of Lrrk2-/- knockout mice with Cx3cr1 heterozygous and homozygous knockout background. We found that a complete loss of Cx3cr1 restored the responsiveness of Lrrk2-/- microglia to LPS stimulation. In conclusion, our findings reveal a previously unknown regulatory role for LRRK2 in CX3CR1 signalling and suggest that an increase of CX3CR1 activity contributes to the attenuated inflammatory responses in Lrrk2-null microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leyan Xu
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Bioinformatics Core, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chengsong Xie
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vassilis E Koliatsos
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Miskolci V, Wu B, Moshfegh Y, Cox D, Hodgson L. Optical Tools To Study the Isoform-Specific Roles of Small GTPases in Immune Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:3479-93. [PMID: 26951800 PMCID: PMC4821714 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the 92% homology of the hematopoietic cell-specific Rac2 to the canonical isoform Rac1, these isoforms have been shown to play nonredundant roles in immune cells. To study isoform-specific dynamics of Rac in live cells, we developed a genetically encoded, single-chain FRET-based biosensor for Rac2. We also made significant improvements to our existing single-chain Rac1 biosensor. We optimized the biosensor constructs for facile expression in hematopoietic cells and performed functional validations in murine macrophage sublines of RAW264.7 cells. Rac2, Rac1, and Cdc42 have been implicated in the formation of actin-rich protrusions by macrophages, but their individual activation dynamics have not been previously characterized. We found that both Rac1 and Rac2 had similar activation kinetics, yet they had distinct spatial distributions in response to the exogenous stimulus, fMLF. Active Rac1 was mainly localized to the cell periphery, whereas active Rac2 was distributed throughout the cell, with an apparent higher concentration in the perinuclear region. We also performed an extensive morphodynamic analysis of Rac1, Rac2, and Cdc42 activities during the extension of random protrusions. We found that Rac2 appears to play a leading role in the generation of random protrusions, as we observed an initial strong activation of Rac2 in regions distal from the leading edge, followed by the activation of Rac1, a second burst of Rac2 and then Cdc42 immediately behind the leading edge. Overall, isoform-specific biosensors that have been optimized for expression should be valuable for interrogating the coordination of Rho family GTPase activities in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Miskolci
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Yasmin Moshfegh
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Dianne Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wong H, Jaumouillé V, Freeman S, Doodnauth S, Schlam D, Canton J, Mukovozov I, Saric A, Grinstein S, Robinson L. Chemokine Signaling Enhances CD36 Responsiveness toward Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins and Accelerates Foam Cell Formation. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2859-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
26
|
Osicka R, Osickova A, Hasan S, Bumba L, Cerny J, Sebo P. Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin is a unique ligand of the integrin complement receptor 3. eLife 2015; 4:e10766. [PMID: 26650353 PMCID: PMC4755762 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface adhesion and signaling receptors that are essential for metazoan existence. Some integrins contain an I-domain that is a major ligand binding site. The ligands preferentially engage the active forms of the integrins and trigger signaling cascades that alter numerous cell functions. Here we found that the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA), a key virulence factor of the whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis, preferentially binds an inactive form of the integrin complement receptor 3 (CR3), using a site outside of its I-domain. CyaA binding did not trigger downstream signaling of CR3 in human monocytes and CyaA-catalyzed elevation of cAMP effectively blocked CR3 signaling initiated by a natural ligand. This unprecedented type of integrin-ligand interaction distinguishes CyaA from all other known ligands of the I-domain-containing integrins and provides a mechanistic insight into the previously observed central role of CyaA in the pathogenesis of B. pertussis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shakir Hasan
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu B, Miskolci V, Sato H, Tutucci E, Kenworthy CA, Donnelly SK, Yoon YJ, Cox D, Singer RH, Hodgson L. Synonymous modification results in high-fidelity gene expression of repetitive protein and nucleotide sequences. Genes Dev 2015; 29:876-86. [PMID: 25877922 PMCID: PMC4403262 DOI: 10.1101/gad.259358.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive nucleotide or amino acid sequences are often engineered into probes and biosensors to achieve functional readouts and robust signal amplification, but these repeated sequences are notoriously prone to aberrant deletion and degradation. Wu et al. developed an approach to solve this problem by modifying the nucleotide sequences of the target mRNA to make them nonrepetitive but still functional (“synonymous”). Using the synonymous modification to FRET biosensors, they achieved correct expression of full-length sensors and found that the biological interpretations of the sensor are significantly different when a correct, full-length biosensor is expressed. Repetitive nucleotide or amino acid sequences are often engineered into probes and biosensors to achieve functional readouts and robust signal amplification. However, these repeated sequences are notoriously prone to aberrant deletion and degradation, impacting the ability to correctly detect and interpret biological functions. Here, we introduce a facile and generalizable approach to solve this often unappreciated problem by modifying the nucleotide sequences of the target mRNA to make them nonrepetitive but still functional (“synonymous”). We first demonstrated the procedure by designing a cassette of synonymous MS2 RNA motifs and tandem coat proteins for RNA imaging and showed a dramatic improvement in signal and reproducibility in single-RNA detection in live cells. The same approach was extended to enhancing the stability of engineered fluorescent biosensors containing a fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair of fluorescent proteins on which a great majority of systems thus far in the field are based. Using the synonymous modification to FRET biosensors, we achieved correct expression of full-length sensors, eliminating the aberrant truncation products that often were assumed to be due to nonspecific proteolytic cleavages. Importantly, the biological interpretations of the sensor are significantly different when a correct, full-length biosensor is expressed. Thus, we show here a useful and generally applicable method to maintain the integrity of expressed genes, critical for the correct interpretation of probe readouts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Hanae Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Evelina Tutucci
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Charles A Kenworthy
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Sara K Donnelly
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Young J Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Dianne Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Robert H Singer
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Targeting Syk-activated B cells in murine and human chronic graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2015; 125:4085-94. [PMID: 25852057 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-595470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies for chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) are needed. Aberrant B-cell activation has been demonstrated in mice and humans with cGVHD. Having previously found that human cGVHD B cells are activated and primed for survival, we sought to further evaluate the role of the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in cGVHD in multiple murine models and human peripheral blood cells. In a murine model of multiorgan system, nonsclerodermatous disease with bronchiolitis obliterans where cGVHD is dependent on antibody and germinal center (GC) B cells, we found that activation of Syk was necessary in donor B cells, but not T cells, for disease progression. Bone marrow-specific Syk deletion in vivo was effective in treating established cGVHD, as was a small-molecule inhibitor of Syk, fostamatinib, which normalized GC formation and decreased activated CD80/86(+) dendritic cells. In multiple distinct models of sclerodermatous cGVHD, clinical and pathological disease manifestations were not eliminated when mice were therapeutically treated with fostamatinib, though both clinical and immunologic effects could be observed in one of these scleroderma models. We further demonstrated that Syk inhibition was effective at inducing apoptosis of human cGVHD B cells. Together, these data demonstrate a therapeutic potential of targeting B-cell Syk signaling in cGVHD.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Zheng J, Zhou Z, Zhou H, Wang Y, Gong Z, Zhu J. Fractalkine promotes chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards ischemic brain lesions through Jak2 signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization. FEBS J 2015; 282:891-903. [PMID: 25559502 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fractalkine (FKN)-CX3CR1 (FKN receptor) axis reportedly plays an important role in the progression of many neural pathologies. However, its role in the recruitment of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells for neurogenesis remains elusive. The chemokine-based mechanism underlying the migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was investigated in a double-chamber transmigration model with recombinant FKN and endogenous FKN extract, and the results confirmed the involvement of FKN in migration. This chemotactic response was CX3CR1-dependent and FKN-sensitive. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation and transmigration assays revealed that the Janus kinase (Jak)2-signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5α-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway was activated by FKN. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to demonstrate cytoskeletal reorganization caused by remodeling of the surface receptor integrin α5β1, intracellular phosphorylation of Fak and Pax, and upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during BMSC migration. Moreover, significant inhibition of signaling and migration was detected after treatment of cells with Jak2-interfering RNA or the antagonist AG490. In addition, the results of a fluorescence immunohistochemical analysis of an in vivo chemotactic model, developed via transplantation of BMSCs into transient middle cerebral artery-occluded rats, were consistent with the in vitro results. These findings suggest that FKN activates Jak2-Stat5α-ERK1/2 signaling through CX3CR1, thereby triggering integrin-dependent machinery reorganization to allow chemotactic migration of BMSCs towards an ischemic cerebral lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
MicroRNA-29b regulates migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. Oral Oncol 2014; 51:170-7. [PMID: 25435433 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNA (miRNA) machinery regulates cancer cell behavior, and has been implicated in patients' clinical status and prognosis. We found that microRNA-29b (miR-29b) increased significantly in advanced migratory cells. However, miR-29b controls the migration ability, and its regulatory mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We triggered miR-29b expression in OSCC patients and cell lines by conducting real-time quantitative PCR. We determined the functions of miR-29b in the migration of OSCC cells by using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. We elevated the target genes of miR29b through software predictions and a luciferase report assay. We used an orthotopic OSCC animal model to investigate the effects of miR29b on OSCC cell metastasis in vivo. RESULTS The clinical data revealed that miR-29b expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and an advanced tumor stage in 98 OSCC patients. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that miR-29b expression was significantly correlated with recurrence, and indicated poor survival. MiR-29b promoted OSCC cell migration and downregulated CX3CL1, a cell-cell adhesion regulator, which plays an essential role in miR-29b-regulated OSCC cell migration machinery. Furthermore, we found that CX3CL1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and an early tumor stage in OSCC patients, and negatively correlated with miR-29b expression. CONCLUSION MiR-29b acts as an oncomir, promoting cell migration through CX3CL1 suppression, and could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing OSCC progression.
Collapse
|
31
|
IFN-γ induces aberrant CD49b⁺ NK cell recruitment through regulating CX3CL1: a novel mechanism by which IFN-γ provokes pregnancy failure. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1512. [PMID: 25375377 PMCID: PMC4260728 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a pleiotropic lymphokine, has important regulatory effects on many cell types. Although IFN-γ is essential for the initiation of uterine vascular modifications and maintenance of decidual integrity, IFN-γ administration can also cause pregnancy failure in many species. However, little is known about the effector mechanisms involved. In this study, using an IFN-γ-induced abortion mouse model, we reported that no Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin-positive uterine natural killer (uNK) cells were observed in the uteri from IFN-γ-induced abortion mice. By contrast, the percentage of CD3−CD49b+ NK cells in the uterus and blood from a foetal resorption group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Similarly, significantly upregulated expression of CD49b (a pan-NK cell marker), CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 (CX3CL1 receptor) was detected in the uteri of IFN-γ-induced abortion mice. Using isolated uterine stromal cells, we showed that upregulated expression of CX3CL1 by IFN-γ was dependent on a Janus family kinase 2-signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (JAK2-STAT1) pathway. We further demonstrated the chemotactic activity of CX3CL1 in uterine stromal cell conditioned medium on primary splenic NK cells. Finally, we observed increased recruitment of CD49b+ NK cells into the endometrium after exogenous CX3CL1 administration. Collectively, our findings indicate that IFN-γ can significantly increase uterine CX3CL1 expression via activation of the JAK2-STAT1 pathway, thus inducing CD49b+ NK cell uterine homing, and eventually provoke foetal loss. Thus, we provide a new line of evidence correlating the deleterious effects of IFN-γ on pregnancy with the aberrant regulation of CX3CL1 and CD49b+ NK cells.
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang ZZ, Li D, Liu CC, Cui Y, Zhu HQ, Zhang WW, Li YY, Xin WJ. CX3CL1-mediated macrophage activation contributed to paclitaxel-induced DRG neuronal apoptosis and painful peripheral neuropathy. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 40:155-65. [PMID: 24681252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Painful peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of paclitaxel therapy, which hampers the optimal clinical management of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Currently the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we showed that the clinically relevant dose of paclitaxel (3×8mg/kg, cumulative dose 24mg/kg) induced significant upregulation of the chemokine CX3CL1 in the A-fiber primary sensory neurons in vivo and in vitro and infiltration of macrophages into the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rats. Paclitaxel treatment also increased cleaved caspase-3 expression, induced the loss of primary afferent terminal fibers and decreased sciatic-evoked A-fiber responses in the spinal dorsal horn, indicating DRG neuronal apoptosis induced by paclitaxel. In addition, the paclitaxel-induced DRG neuronal apoptosis occurred exclusively in the presence of macrophage in vitro study. Intrathecal or systemic injection of CX3CL1 neutralizing antibody blocked paclitaxel-induced macrophage recruitment and neuronal apoptosis in the DRG, and also attenuated paclitaxel-induced allodynia. Furthermore, depletion of macrophage by systemic administration of clodronate inhibited paclitaxel-induced allodynia. Blocking CX3CL1 decreased activation of p38 MAPK in the macrophage, and inhibition of p38 MAPK activity blocked the neuronal apoptosis and development of mechanical allodynia induced by paclitaxel. These findings provide novel evidence that CX3CL1-recruited macrophage contributed to paclitaxel-induced DRG neuronal apoptosis and painful peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, 510080, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, 510080, China
| | - Cui-Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, 510080, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, 510080, China
| | - He-Quan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, 510080, China
| | - Yong-Yong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Geahlen RL. Getting Syk: spleen tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:414-22. [PMID: 24975478 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase well known for its ability to couple immune cell receptors to intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cellular responses to extracellular antigens and antigen-immunoglobulin (Ig) complexes of particular importance to the initiation of inflammatory responses. Thus, Syk is an attractive target for therapeutic kinase inhibitors designed to ameliorate the symptoms and consequences of acute and chronic inflammation. Its more recently recognized role as a promoter of cell survival in numerous cancer cell types ranging from leukemia to retinoblastoma has attracted considerable interest as a target for a new generation of anticancer drugs. This review discusses the biological processes in which Syk participates that have made this kinase such a compelling drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Geahlen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Research Building, 210 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rougerie P, Miskolci V, Cox D. Generation of membrane structures during phagocytosis and chemotaxis of macrophages: role and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Immunol Rev 2014; 256:222-39. [PMID: 24117824 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are best known for their protective search and destroy functions against invading microorganisms. These processes are commonly known as chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Both of these processes require actin cytoskeletal remodeling to produce distinct F-actin-rich membrane structures called lamellipodia and phagocytic cups. This review will focus on the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate actin polymerization through initial receptor signaling and subsequent Arp2/3 activation by nucleation-promoting factors like the WASP/WAVE family, followed by remodeling of actin networks to produce these very distinct structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rougerie
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hingley-Wilson SM, Connell D, Pollock K, Hsu T, Tchilian E, Sykes A, Grass L, Potiphar L, Bremang S, Kon OM, Jacobs WR, Lalvani A. ESX1-dependent fractalkine mediates chemotaxis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 94:262-70. [PMID: 24631198 PMCID: PMC4066952 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cellular aggregation is essential for granuloma formation and may assist establishment and early spread of M. tuberculosis infection. The M. tuberculosis ESX1 mutant, which has a non-functional type VII secretion system, induced significantly less production of the host macrophage-derived chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1). Upon infection of human macrophages ESX1-dependent fractalkine production mediated selective recruitment of CD11b+ monocytic cells and increased infection of neighbouring cells consistent with early local spread of infection. Fractalkine levels were raised in vivo at tuberculous disease sites in humans and were significantly associated with increased CD11b+ monocytic cellular recruitment and extent of granulomatous disease. These findings suggest a novel fractalkine-dependent ESX1-mediated mechanism in early tuberculous disease pathogenesis in humans. Modulation of M. tuberculosis-mediated fractalkine induction may represent a potential treatment option in the future, perhaps allowing us to switch off a key mechanism required by the pathogen to spread between cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Hingley-Wilson
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
| | - David Connell
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Pollock
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Tsungda Hsu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Elma Tchilian
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
| | - Anny Sykes
- Tuberculosis Service, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Grass
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Potiphar
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Bremang
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Onn Min Kon
- Tuberculosis Service, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - William R Jacobs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ajit Lalvani
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park H, Dovas A, Hanna S, Lastrucci C, Cougoule C, Guiet R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Cox D. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) by Hck regulates macrophage function. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7897-906. [PMID: 24482227 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.509497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that tyrosine phosphorylation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is important for diverse macrophage functions including phagocytosis, chemotaxis, podosome dynamics, and matrix degradation. However, the specific tyrosine kinase mediating WASP phosphorylation is still unclear. Here, we provide evidence that Hck, which is predominantly expressed in leukocytes, can tyrosine phosphorylate WASP and regulates WASP-mediated macrophage functions. We demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of WASP in response to stimulation with CX3CL1 or via Fcγ receptor ligation were severely reduced in Hck(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) or in RAW/LR5 macrophages in which Hck expression was silenced using RNA-mediated interference (Hck shRNA). Consistent with reduced WASP tyrosine phosphorylation, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and matrix degradation are reduced in Hck(-/-) BMMs or Hck shRNA cells. In particular, WASP phosphorylation was primarily mediated by the p61 isoform of Hck. Our studies also show that Hck and WASP are required for passage through a dense three-dimensional matrix and transendothelial migration, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of WASP by Hck may play a role in tissue infiltration of macrophages. Consistent with a role for this pathway in invasion, WASP(-/-) BMMs do not invade into tumor spheroids with the same efficiency as WT BMMs and cells expressing phospho-deficient WASP have reduced ability to promote carcinoma cell invasion. Altogether, our results indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of WASP by Hck is required for proper macrophage functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haein Park
- From the Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461 and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Uckun FM, Qazi S. Spleen tyrosine kinase as a molecular target for treatment of leukemias and lymphomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 10:1407-18. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
38
|
Karlström S, Nordvall G, Sohn D, Hettman A, Turek D, Åhlin K, Kers A, Claesson M, Slivo C, Lo-Alfredsson Y, Petersson C, Bessidskaia G, Svensson PH, Rein T, Jerning E, Malmberg Å, Ahlgen C, Ray C, Vares L, Ivanov V, Johansson R. Substituted 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines as potent and selective antagonists of the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1). J Med Chem 2013; 56:3177-90. [PMID: 23516963 DOI: 10.1021/jm3012273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed two parallel series, A and B, of CX3CR1 antagonists for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. By modifying the substituents on the 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine core structure, we were able to achieve compounds with high selectivity for CX3CR1 over the closely related CXCR2 receptor. The structure-activity relationships showed that a leucinol moiety attached to the core-structure in the 7-position together with α-methyl branched benzyl derivatives in the 5-position displayed promising affinity, and selectivity as well as physicochemical properties, as exemplified by compounds 18a and 24h. We show the preparation of the first potent and selective orally available CX3CR1 antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Karlström
- CNSP iMed Science Södertälje, AstraZeneca Research and Development, Innovative Medicines, SE-15185 Södertälje, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Robust and highly-efficient differentiation of functional monocytic cells from human pluripotent stem cells under serum- and feeder cell-free conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59243. [PMID: 23573196 PMCID: PMC3616072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytic lineage cells (monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) play important roles in immune responses and are involved in various pathological conditions. The development of monocytic cells from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is of particular interest because it provides an unlimited cell source for clinical application and basic research on disease pathology. Although the methods for monocytic cell differentiation from ESCs/iPSCs using embryonic body or feeder co-culture systems have already been established, these methods depend on the use of xenogeneic materials and, therefore, have a relatively poor-reproducibility. Here, we established a robust and highly-efficient method to differentiate functional monocytic cells from ESCs/iPSCs under serum- and feeder cell-free conditions. This method produced 1.3×106±0.3×106 floating monocytes from approximately 30 clusters of ESCs/iPSCs 5–6 times per course of differentiation. Such monocytes could be differentiated into functional macrophages and dendritic cells. This method should be useful for regenerative medicine, disease-specific iPSC studies and drug discovery.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee HW, Choi HJ, Ha SJ, Lee KT, Kwon YG. Recruitment of monocytes/macrophages in different tumor microenvironments. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:170-9. [PMID: 23287570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
After emigration from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, monocytes enter tissues and differentiate into macrophages. Monocytes/macrophages have many roles in immune regulation, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis and invasion. In addition, studies have revealed that these cells are essential to tumor progression. Recently, an accumulation of evidence has indicated that macrophages in distinct regions of tumor masses have distinct origins. For instance, classical monocytes appear to be a major source of macrophages in tumor epithelial, perivascular, and hypoxic regions. In contrast, non-classical monocytes are an important source of macrophages in the tumor perivascular region. During the past century, it has been demonstrated that several chemoattractants can regulate the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to tumor sites. Despite the importance of monocytes/macrophages in tumor progression, there had been, until recently, no efforts to summarize receptor-ligand pairs between tumor-derived chemokines and corresponding receptors in monocytes in different microenvironments. In this review, we present a cohesive view of the distinct expression patterns of chemokine receptors in two different monocyte subsets (classical and non-classical monocytes) and describe their roles in monocyte/macrophage recruitment into distinct tumor microenvironments. This review provides insight into the behavior of monocytes/macrophages in different tumor microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Woo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gligorijevic B, Wyckoff J, Yamaguchi H, Wang Y, Roussos ET, Condeelis J. N-WASP-mediated invadopodium formation is involved in intravasation and lung metastasis of mammary tumors. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:724-34. [PMID: 22389406 PMCID: PMC3367832 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.092726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are proteolytic membrane protrusions formed by highly invasive cancer cells, commonly observed on substrate(s) mimicking extracellular matrix. Although invadopodia are proposed to have roles in cancer invasion and metastasis, direct evidence has not been available. We previously reported that neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), a member of WASP family proteins that regulate reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, is an essential component of invadopodia. Here, we report that N-WASP-mediated invadopodium formation is essential in breast cancer invasion, intravasation and lung metastasis. We established stable cell lines based on MTLn3 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells that either overexpressed a dominant-negative (DN) N-WASP construct or in which N-WASP expression was silenced by a pSuper N-WASP shRNA. Both the N-WASP shRNA and DN N-WASP cells showed a markedly decreased ability to form invadopodia and degrade extracellular matrix. In addition, formation of invadopodia in primary tumors and collagen I degradation were reduced in the areas of invasion (collagen-rich areas in the invasive edge of the tumor) and in the areas of intravasation (blood-vessel-rich areas). Our results suggest that tumor cells in vivo that have a decreased activity of N-WASP also have a reduced ability to form invadopodia, migrate, invade, intravasate and disseminate to lung compared with tumor cells with parental N-WASP levels.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/physiopathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/antagonists & inhibitors
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/genetics
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Gligorijevic
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wyckoff
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Evanthia T. Roussos
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ishihara D, Dovas A, Park H, Isaac BM, Cox D. The chemotactic defect in wiskott-Aldrich syndrome macrophages is due to the reduced persistence of directional protrusions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30033. [PMID: 22279563 PMCID: PMC3261183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is an actin nucleation promoting factor that is required for macrophages to directionally migrate towards various chemoattractants. The chemotaxis defect of WASp-deficient cells and its activation by Cdc42 in vivo suggest that WASp plays a role in directional sensing, however, its precise role in macrophage chemotaxis is still unclear. Using shRNA-mediated downregulation of WASp in the murine monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW/LR5 (shWASp), we found that WASp was responsible for the initial wave of actin polymerization in response to global stimulation with CSF-1, which in Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and carcinoma cells has been correlated with the ability to migrate towards chemoattractants. Real-time monitoring of shWASp cells, as well as WASp−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), in response to a CSF-1 gradient revealed that the protrusions from WASp-deficient cells were directional, showing intact directional sensing. However, the protrusions from WASp-deficient cells demonstrated reduced persistence compared to their respective control shRNA and wild-type cells. Further examination showed that tyrosine phosphorylation of WASp was required for both the first wave of actin polymerization following global CSF-1 stimulation and proper directional responses towards CSF-1. Importantly, the PI3K, Rac1 and WAVE2 proteins were incorporated normally in CSF-1 – elicited protrusions in the absence of WASp, suggesting that membrane protrusion driven by the WAVE2 complex signaling is intact. Collectively, these results suggest that WASp and its phosphorylation play critical roles in coordinating the actin cytoskeleton rearrangements necessary for the persistence of protrusions required for directional migration of macrophages towards CSF-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ishihara
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Haein Park
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Beth M. Isaac
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Dianne Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Piotrowska H, Kucinska M, Murias M. Biological activity of piceatannol: Leaving the shadow of resveratrol. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2012; 750:60-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
44
|
Wang J, Wu Y, Hu H, Wang W, Lu Y, Mao H, Liu X, Liu Z, Chen BG. Syk protein tyrosine kinase involves PECAM-1 signaling through tandem immunotyrosine inhibitory motifs in human THP-1 macrophages. Cell Immunol 2011; 272:39-44. [PMID: 22000807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although recent evidence supports a functional relationship between platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) and Syk tyrosine kinase, little is known about the interaction of Syk with PECAM-1. We report that down-regulation of Syk inhibits the spreading of human THP-1 macrophage cells. Moreover, our data indicate that Syk binds PECAM-1 through its immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), and dual phosphorylation of the ITIM domain of PECAM-1 leads to activation of Syk. Our results indicate that the distance between the phosphotyrosines could be up to 22 amino acids in length, depending on the conformational flexibility, and that the dual ITIM tyrosine motifs of PECAM-1 facilitate immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-like signaling. The preferential binding of PECAM-1 to Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 or Syk may depend on their relative affinities, and could provide a mechanism by which signal transduction from PECAM-1 is internally regulated by both positive and negative signaling enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Wang
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wex E, Bouyssou T, Duechs MJ, Erb KJ, Gantner F, Sanderson MP, Schnapp A, Stierstorfer BE, Wollin L. Induced Syk deletion leads to suppressed allergic responses but has no effect on neutrophil or monocyte migration in vivo. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3208-18. [PMID: 21830208 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a key mediator of immunoreceptor signaling in immune cells. Thus, interfering with the function of Syk by genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition might influence a variety of allergic and autoimmune processes. Since conventional Syk knockout mice are not viable, studies addressing the effect of Syk deletion in adult animals have been limited. To further explore functions of Syk in animal models of allergy and to shed light on the role of Syk in the in vivo migration of neutrophils and monocytes, we generated inducible Syk knockout mice. These mice harbor a floxed Syk gene and a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the ubiquitously active Rosa26-promoter. Thus, treatment of mice with tamoxifen leads to the deletion of Syk in all organs. Syk-deleted mice were analyzed in mast cell-dependent models and in models focusing on neutrophil and monocyte migration. We show that Syk deletion in adult mice reduces inflammatory responses in mast cell-driven animal models of allergy and asthma but has no effect on the migration of neutrophils and monocytes. Therefore, the inducible Syk knockout mice presented here provide a valuable tool to further explore the role of Syk in disease-related animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wex
- Department of Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xue X, Lu Q, Wei H, Wang D, Chen D, He G, Huang L, Wang H, Wang X. Structural basis of chemokine sequestration by CrmD, a poxvirus-encoded tumor necrosis factor receptor. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002162. [PMID: 21829356 PMCID: PMC3145792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to evade detection and destruction by the host immune system. Large DNA viruses encode homologues of chemokines and their receptors, as well as chemokine-binding proteins (CKBPs) to modulate the chemokine network in host response. The SECRET domain (smallpox virus-encoded chemokine receptor) represents a new family of viral CKBPs that binds a subset of chemokines from different classes to inhibit their activities, either independently or fused with viral tumor necrosis factor receptors (vTNFRs). Here we present the crystal structures of the SECRET domain of vTNFR CrmD encoded by ectromelia virus and its complex with chemokine CX3CL1. The SECRET domain adopts a β-sandwich fold and utilizes its β-sheet I surface to interact with CX3CL1, representing a new chemokine-binding manner of viral CKBPs. Structure-based mutagenesis and biochemical analysis identified important basic residues in the 40s loop of CX3CL1 for the interaction. Mutation of corresponding acidic residues in the SECRET domain also affected the binding for other chemokines, indicating that the SECRET domain binds different chemokines in a similar manner. We further showed that heparin inhibited the binding of CX3CL1 by the SECRET domain and the SECRET domain inhibited RAW264.7 cell migration induced by CX3CL1. These results together shed light on the structural basis for the SECRET domain to inhibit chemokine activities by interfering with both chemokine-GAG and chemokine-receptor interactions. Chemokines are a family of small proteins that help the immune system fight against invading pathogens by inducing the white blood cells to the areas of infection and inflammation. Due to the important roles of chemokines in immune response, the pathogens evolve diverse mechanisms to neutralize their activities. One example is that large DNA viruses, such as poxviruses and herpesviruses can produce chemokine binding proteins (CKBPs) to sequester chemokines during the infection. The SECRET domain represents a new family of viral CKBPs that was originally identified as a C-terminal extension of the viral tumor necrosis factor receptors (vTNFRs). We determined the three-dimensional structures of the SECRET domain and its complex with chemokine CX3CL1, revealing a new chemokine-binding manner of viral CKBPs. We also showed that other chemokines from different classes may be bound by the SECRET domain in a way similar to that observed in the SECRET/CX3CL1 complex structure. Our biochemical and chemotaxis assays also suggest that the SECRET domain is able to interfere with both chemokine-GAG and chemokine-receptor interactions, both of which are essential for chemokine activities in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Xue
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Lu
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wei
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjun He
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hilgendorf I, Eisele S, Remer I, Schmitz J, Zeschky K, Colberg C, Stachon P, Wolf D, Willecke F, Buchner M, Zirlik K, Ortiz-Rodriguez A, Lozhkin A, Hoppe N, von zur Muhlen C, zur Hausen A, Bode C, Zirlik A. The oral spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor fostamatinib attenuates inflammation and atherogenesis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1991-9. [PMID: 21700926 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.230847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has come into focus as a potential therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, as well as in B-cell lymphomas. SYK has also been involved in the signaling of immunoreceptors, cytokine receptors, and integrins. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of SYK attenuates the inflammatory process underlying atherosclerosis and reduces plaque development. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice consuming a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with 2 doses of the orally available SYK inhibitor fostamatinib for 16 weeks showed a dose-dependent reduction in atherosclerotic lesion size by up to 59±6% compared with the respective controls. Lesions of fostamatinib-treated animals contained fewer macrophages but more smooth muscle cells and collagen-characteristics associated with more stable plaques in humans. Mechanistically, fostamatinib attenuated adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells and limited macrophage survival. Furthermore, fostamatinib normalized high-cholesterol diet -induced monocytosis and inflammatory gene expression. CONCLUSIONS We present the novel finding that the SYK inhibitor fostamatinib attenuates atherogenesis in mice. Our data identify SYK inhibition as a potentially fruitful antiinflammatory therapeutic strategy in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Park H, Ishihara D, Cox D. Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in macrophage phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 510:101-11. [PMID: 21356194 PMCID: PMC3114168 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages display a large variety of surface receptors that are critical for their normal cellular functions in host defense, including finding sites of infection (chemotaxis) and removing foreign particles (phagocytosis). However, inappropriate regulation of these processes can lead to human diseases. Many of these receptors utilize tyrosine phosphorylation cascades to initiate and terminate signals leading to cell migration and clearance of infection. Actin remodeling dominates these processes and many regulators have been identified. This review focuses on how tyrosine kinases and phosphatases regulate actin dynamics leading to macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haein Park
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Dan Ishihara
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Dianne Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu H, Jiang D. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1180-6. [PMID: 21492740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fractalkine is a unique chemokine which has both adhesive and chemoattractant functions. With the increasing emphasis on the importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis, more attention has been focused on the role of chemokines in atherosclerosis. It has been shown that fractalkine/CX3CR1 participates in the atherosclerotic pathological process through mediating the recruitment of leukocytes and the interaction of vascular cells and leukocytes. Some signal pathways are simultaneously activated through fractalkine/CX3CR1 coupling to promote the inflammatory response in atherosclerotic vessels. Additionally, fractalkine has cytotoxic effects on endothelium as well as anti-apoptosis and proliferative effects on vascular cells which consequently changes plaque components and stability in plaque. Several studies have showed that fractalkine or CX3CR1 deficiency in atherosclerotic mice would ameliorate the severity of plaque. Population studies on CX3CR1 polymorphism have confirmed that 280M-containing haplotype is associated with reduced risk of atherosclerotic disease. Despite the apparent association with atherosclerosis, further studies on fractalkine/CX3CR1 chemokine pair are clearly warranted to more fully elucidate this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Park H, Cox D. Syk regulates multiple signaling pathways leading to CX3CL1 chemotaxis in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14762-9. [PMID: 21388954 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.185181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have clearly established the importance of the interaction between macrophages and CX3CL1 in the progression of disease. A previous study demonstrated that Syk was required for CX3CL1-mediated actin polymerization and chemotaxis. Here, we delineated the signaling cascade of Syk-mediated cell migration in response to CX3CL1. Inhibition of Syk in bone marrow-derived macrophages or reduction of Syk expression using siRNA in RAW/LR5 cells indicated that Syk was required for the activation of PI3K, Cdc42, and Rac1. Also, reduction in WASP or WAVE2 levels, common downstream effectors of Cdc42 or Rac1, resulted in impaired cell migration to CX3CL1. Syk indirectly regulated WASP tyrosine phosphorylation through Cdc42 activation. Altogether, our data identify that Syk mediated chemotaxis toward CX3CL1 by regulating both Rac1/WAVE2 and Cdc42/WASP pathways, whereas Src family kinases were required for proper WASP tyrosine phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haein Park
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|