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Design Strategies and Precautions for Using Vaccinia Virus in Tumor Virotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091552. [PMID: 36146629 PMCID: PMC9504998 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a novel form of cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can directly infect and lyse the tumor cells, and modulate the beneficial immune microenvironment. Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a promising oncolytic vector because of its high safety, easy gene editing, and tumor intrinsic selectivity. To further improve the safety, tumor-targeting ability, and OV-induced cancer-specific immune activation, various approaches have been used to modify OVs. The recombinant oncolytic VACVs with deleting viral virulence factors and/or arming various therapeutic genes have displayed better therapeutic effects in multiple tumor models. Moreover, the combination of OVs with other cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells, has the potential to improve the outcome in cancer patients. This will open up new possibilities for the application of OVs in cancer treatment, especially for personalized cancer therapies.
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Effect of prophylactic administration of antipyretics on the immune response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children: a systematic review. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2021; 13:7. [PMID: 33894782 PMCID: PMC8070291 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-021-00085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic administration of antipyretics at the time of immunization seems to decrease some side effects, however reduced immune responses have been reported in some studies. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of prophylactic use of antipyretics on the immune response following administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies concerning the immune response to PCVs after antipyretic administration was performed up to November 2020 in the electronic databases of Pubmed and Scopus. Results Of the 3956 citations retrieved, a total of 5 randomized control trials including 2775 children were included in the review. Included studies were referred to PCV10 (3 studies), PCV7 and PCV13 (one study each). The prophylactic administration of paracetamol decreased the immune response to certain pneumococcal serotypes in all included studies. The effect was more evident following primary vaccination and with immediate administration of paracetamol. Despite the reductions in antibody geometric mean concentrations, a robust memory response was observed following the booster dose. Besides, antibody titers remained above protective levels in 88–100% of participants. The use of ibuprofen, that was evaluated in two studies, did not seem to affect the immunogenicity of PCVs . Conclusion Although the reviewed studies had significant heterogeneity in design, paracetamol administration seems to affect the immune response for certain serotypes. The clinical significance of reduced immunogenicity especially before booster dose needs further investigation.
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Wang O, Zhou M, Chen Y, McAllister TA, Plastow G, Stanford K, Selinger B, Guan LL. MicroRNAomes of Cattle Intestinal Tissues Revealed Possible miRNA Regulated Mechanisms Involved in Escherichia coli O157 Fecal Shedding. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:634505. [PMID: 33732664 PMCID: PMC7959717 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.634505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle have been suggested as the primary reservoirs of E. coli O157 mainly as a result of colonization of the recto-anal junction (RAJ) and subsequent shedding into the environment. Although a recent study reported different gene expression at RAJ between super-shedders (SS) and non-shedders (NS), the regulatory mechanisms of altered gene expression is unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether bovine non-coding RNAs play a role in regulating the differentially expressed (DE) genes between SS and NS, thus further influencing E. coli O157 shedding behavior in the animals through studying miRNAomes of the whole gastrointestinal tract including duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, cecum, spiral colon, descending colon and rectum. The number of miRNAs detected in each intestinal region ranged from 390 ± 13 (duodenum) to 413 ± 49 (descending colon). Comparison between SS and NS revealed the number of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs ranged from one (in descending colon) to eight (in distal jejunum), and through the whole gut, seven miRNAs were up-regulated and seven were down-regulated in SS. The distal jejunum and rectum were the regions where the most DE miRNAs were identified (eight and seven, respectively). The miRNAs, bta-miR-378b, bta-miR-2284j, and bta-miR-2284d were down-regulated in both distal jejunum and rectum of SS (log2fold-change: −2.7 to −3.8), bta-miR-2887 was down-regulated in the rectum of SS (log2fold-change: −3.2), and bta-miR-211 and bta-miR-29d-3p were up-regulated in the rectum of SS (log2fold-change: 4.5 and 2.2). Functional analysis of these miRNAs indicated their potential regulatory role in host immune functions, including hematological system development and immune cell trafficking. Our findings suggest that altered expression of miRNA in the gut of SS may lead to differential regulation of immune functions involved in E. coli O157 super-shedding in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Graham Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Research and Innovation Services, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Brent Selinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Hou Y, Yan T, Cao H, Liu P, Zheng K, Li Z, Deng Q, Hu S. Chimeric hepatitis B virus core particles displaying Neisserial surface protein A confer protection against virulent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in BALB/c mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6601-6613. [PMID: 31496701 PMCID: PMC6702424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s206210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The primary goal of the present study was to explore and evaluate the highly conserved Neisserial surface protein A (NspA) molecule, fused with truncated HBV virus-like particles (VLPs), as a candidate vaccine against the virulent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NMB). Methods NspA was inserted into the major immunodominant region of the truncated hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc; amino acids 1–144). The chimeric protein, HBc-N144-NspA, was expressed from a prokaryotic vector and generated HBc-like particles, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Further, the chimeric protein and control proteins were used to immunize mice and the resulting immune responses evaluated by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and analysis of serum bactericidal activity (SBA) titer. Results Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the recombinant HBc-N144-NspA protein showed that it elicited the production of high levels of NspA-specific total IgG. The SBA titer of HBc-N144-NspA/F reached 1:16 2 weeks after the last immunization in BALB/c mice, when human serum complement was included in the vaccine. Immunization of HBc-N144-NspA, even without adjuvant, induced high levels of IL-4 and a high IgG1 to IgG2a ratio, confirming induction of an intense Th2 immune response. Levels of IL-17A increased rapidly in mice after the first immunization with HBc-N144-NspA, indicating the potential for this vaccine to induce a mucosal immune response. Meanwhile, the immunization of HBc-N144-NspA without adjuvant induced only mild inflammatory infiltration into the mouse muscle tissue. Conclusion This study demonstrates that modification using HBc renders NspA a candidate vaccine, which can trigger protective immunity against NMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongLi Hou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Health Services, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - SiHai Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
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Liu T, Yang Q, Cao YJ, Yuan WM, Lei AH, Zhou P, Zhou W, Liu YD, Shi MH, Yang Q, Tang JY, Wang HK, Zhang H, Yu Y, Zhou J. Cyclooxygenase-1 Regulates the Development of Follicular Th Cells via Prostaglandin E 2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:864-872. [PMID: 31243090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, one of the critical enzymes required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGs, has been demonstrated to play an important role not only in the cardiovascular system but also in the immune system. COX-1 has been found to regulate early B cell differentiation, germinal center formation, and Ab production of B cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of COX-1-mediated B cell activation remains not fully understood. In this study, we reported that COX-1 is a potential regulator for the development of follicular Th (TFH) cells. COX-1-deficient (COX-1-/- ) mice displayed a significant reduction of TFH cells upon influenza infection or immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, which led to a severe impairment of germinal center responses. We further demonstrated that COX-1-derived PGE2, via binding with its receptors EP2/EP4, represents the underlying mechanism. The administration of EP2/EP4 agonists or PGE2 almost completely rescued the defective TFH cell generation in COX-1-/- mice. Taken together, our observations indicate that COX-1 plays an important role in the development of TFH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying-Jiao Cao
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wei-Ming Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Ai-Hua Lei
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yong-Dong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mao-Hua Shi
- First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jin-Yi Tang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Hai-Kun Wang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Joint Program in Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China; .,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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6
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Kim N, Lannan KL, Thatcher TH, Pollock SJ, Woeller CF, Phipps RP. Lipoxin B 4 Enhances Human Memory B Cell Antibody Production via Upregulating Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3343-3351. [PMID: 30348736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination has been the most effective way to prevent or reduce infectious diseases; examples include the eradication of smallpox and attenuation of tetanus and measles. However, there is a large segment of the population that responds poorly to vaccines, in part because they are immunocompromised because of disease, age, or pharmacologic therapy and are unable to generate long-term protection. Specialized proresolving mediators are endogenously produced lipids that have potent proresolving and anti-inflammatory activities. Lipoxin B4 (LXB4) is a member of the lipoxin family, with its proresolving effects shown in allergic airway inflammation. However, its effects on the adaptive immune system, especially on human B cells, are not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of LXB4 on human B cells using cells from healthy donors and donors vaccinated against influenza virus in vitro. LXB4 promoted IgG Ab production in memory B cells and also increased the number of IgG-secreting B cells. LXB4 enhanced expression of two key transcription factors involved in plasma cell differentiation, BLIMP1 and XBP1. Interestingly, LXB4 increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), an enzyme that is required for efficient B cell Ab production. The effects of LXB4 are at least partially COX2-dependent as COX2 inhibitors attenuated LXB4-stimulated BLIMP1 and Xpb-1 expression as well as IgG production. Thus, our study reveals for the first time, to our knowledge, that LXB4 boosts memory B cell activation through COX2 and suggests that LXB4 can serve as a new vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Katie L Lannan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Stephen J Pollock
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642; .,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642; and
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7
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Immune activation and HIV-specific T cell responses are modulated by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in untreated HIV-infected individuals: An exploratory clinical trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176527. [PMID: 28464042 PMCID: PMC5413033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologically elevated immune activation and inflammation contribute to HIV disease progression and immunodeficiency, potentially mediated by elevated levels of prostaglandin E2, which suppress HIV-specific T cell responses. We have previously shown that a high dose of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib can reduce HIV-associated immune activation and improve IgG responses to T cell-dependent vaccines. In this follow-up study, we included 56 HIV-infected adults, 28 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve and 28 on ART with undetectable plasma viremia but CD4 counts below 500 cells/μL. Patients in each of the two study groups were randomized to receive 90 mg qd of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor etoricoxib for six months, two weeks or to a control arm, respectively. T cell activation status, HIV Gag-specific T cell responses and plasma inflammatory markers, tryptophan metabolism and thrombin generation were analyzed at baseline and after four months. In addition, patients received tetanus toxoid, conjugated pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccines, to which IgG responses were determined after four weeks. In ART-naïve patients, etoricoxib reduced the density of the activation marker CD38 in multiple CD8+ T cell subsets, improved Gag-specific T cell responses, and reduced in vitro plasma thrombin generation, while no effects were seen on plasma markers of inflammation or tryptophan metabolism. No significant immunological effects of etoricoxib were observed in ART-treated patients. Patients receiving long-term etoricoxib treatment had poorer tetanus toxoid and conjugated pneumococcal vaccine responses than those receiving short-course etoricoxib. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may attenuate harmful immune activation in HIV-infected patients without access to ART.
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Saleh E, Moody MA, Walter EB. Effect of antipyretic analgesics on immune responses to vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2391-402. [PMID: 27246296 PMCID: PMC5027726 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1183077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While antipyretic analgesics are widely used to ameliorate vaccine adverse reactions, their use has been associated with blunted vaccine immune responses. Our objective was to review literature evaluating the effect of antipyretic analgesics on vaccine immune responses and to highlight potential underlying mechanisms. Observational studies reporting on antipyretic use around the time of immunization concluded that their use did not affect antibody responses. Only few randomized clinical trials demonstrated blunted antibody response of unknown clinical significance. This effect has only been noted following primary vaccination with novel antigens and disappears following booster immunization. The mechanism by which antipyretic analgesics reduce antibody response remains unclear and not fully explained by COX enzyme inhibition. Recent work has focused on the involvement of nuclear and subcellular signaling pathways. More detailed immunological investigations and a systems biology approach are needed to precisely define the impact and mechanism of antipyretic effects on vaccine immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzeldin Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke Clinical Vaccine Unit, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel B. Walter
- Duke Clinical Vaccine Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Primary Care and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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9
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Kumar J, Gurav R, Kale V, Limaye L. Exogenous addition of arachidonic acid to the culture media enhances the functionality of dendritic cells for their possible use in cancer immunotherapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111759. [PMID: 25369453 PMCID: PMC4219773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of dendritic cell based vaccines is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. For their successful use in the clinics, the propagation and functionality of DCs is crucial. We earlier established a two-step method for the large scale generation of DCs from umbilical cord blood derived MNCs/CD34+ cells. This work aims at improving their functionality based on the following observations: in vitro generated DCs can be less efficient in migration and other functional activities due to lower eicosanoid levels. The production of eicosanoids from Arachidonic Acid (AA) can be hampered due to suppression of the enzyme phospholipase A2 by IL-4, an essential cytokine required for the differentiation of DCs. We hypothesized that exogenous addition of AA to the culture media during DC generation may result in DCs with improved functionality. DCs were generated with and without AA. The two DC sets were compared by phenotypic analysis, morphology and functional assays like antigen uptake, MLR, CTL assay and in vitro and in vivo migration. Though there were no differences between the two types of DCs in terms of morphology, phenotype and antigen uptake, AA+ DCs exhibited an enhanced in vitro and in vivo migration, T cell stimulatory capacity, CTL activity and significantly higher transcript levels of COX-2. AA+ DCs also show a favorable Th1 cytokine profile than AA- DCs. Thus addition of AA to the culture media is skewing the DCs towards the secretion of more IL-12 and less of IL-10 along with the restoration of eicosanoids levels in a COX-2 mediated pathway thereby enhancing the functionality of these cells to be used as a potent cellular vaccine. Taken together, these findings will be helpful in the better contriving of DC based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeetendra Kumar
- Stem Cell Lab., National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Rupali Gurav
- Stem Cell Lab., National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Stem Cell Lab., National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Lalita Limaye
- Stem Cell Lab., National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
- * E-mail:
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10
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Differential peripheral blood gene expression profile based on Her2 expression on primary tumors of breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102764. [PMID: 25068292 PMCID: PMC4113305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prognosis and treatment is highly dependent on the molecular features of the primary tumors. These tumors release specific molecules into the environment that trigger characteristic responses into the circulatory cells. In this study we investigated the expression pattern of 84 genes known to be involved in breast cancer signaling in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients with ER-, PR- primary tumors. The patients were grouped according to Her2 expression on the primary tumors in Her2+ and Her2- cohorts. Transcriptional analysis revealed 15 genes to be differentially expressed between the two groups highlighting that Her2 signaling in primary tumors could be associated with specific blood gene expression. We found CCNA1 to be up-regulated, while ERBB2, RASSF1, CDH1, MKI67, GATA3, GLI1, SFN, PTGS2, JUN, NOTCH1, CTNNB1, KRT8, SRC, and HIC1 genes were down-regulated in the blood of triple negative breast cancer patients compared to Her2+ cohort. IPA network analysis predicts that the identified genes are interconnected and regulate each other. These genes code for cell cycle regulators, cell adhesion molecules, transcription factors or signal transducers that modulate immune signaling, several genes being also associated with cancer progression and treatment response. These results indicate an altered immune signaling in the peripheral blood of triple negative breast cancer patients. The involvement of the immune system is necessary in favorable treatment response, therefore these results could explain the low response rates observed for triple negative breast cancer patients.
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11
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Purssell E. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors inhibit antibody response through interference with MAPK/ERK pathways and BLIMP-1 inhibition. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:372-7. [PMID: 25012778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fever is a common symptom of illness in children, and although not harmful in itself, fever and its associated symptoms are often treated with antipyretic drugs. A number of national and other guidelines now recommend against their routine use; a conclusion that was initially supported by a study showing that the prophylactic use of paracetamol might reduce antibody response to some vaccine antigens, although data from booster vaccinations are more equivocal. Although in vivo data on the cause of this inhibition are scarce, in vitro data suggests that the cause may be due to inhibition of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinase pathways, and a subsequent reduction in the process of plasma cell differentiation at the beginning of the antibody response. This suggests that in high-risk patients these drugs could be avoided in the early part of an infection when plasma-cell differentiation is occurring. More data are needed to define this period; until then existing data support the recommendation against the routine use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Purssell
- King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building, 57 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom.
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12
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Mongini PKA, Kramer JM, Ishikawa TO, Herschman H, Esposito D. Candidate chromosome 1 disease susceptibility genes for Sjogren's syndrome xerostomia are narrowed by novel NOD.B10 congenic mice. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:79-90. [PMID: 24685748 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by salivary gland leukocytic infiltrates and impaired salivation (xerostomia). Cox-2 (Ptgs2) is located on chromosome 1 within the span of the Aec2 region. In an attempt to demonstrate that COX-2 drives antibody-dependent hyposalivation, NOD.B10 congenic mice bearing a Cox-2flox gene were generated. A congenic line with non-NOD alleles in Cox-2-flanking genes failed manifest xerostomia. Further backcrossing yielded disease-susceptible NOD.B10 Cox-2flox lines; fine genetic mapping determined that critical Aec2 genes lie within a 1.56 to 2.17Mb span of DNA downstream of Cox-2. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that susceptible and non-susceptible lines exhibit non-synonymous coding SNPs in 8 protein-encoding genes of this region, thereby better delineating candidate Aec2 alleles needed for SS xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K A Mongini
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Jill M Kramer
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Tomo-O Ishikawa
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 341 Boyer Hall (MBI), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Harvey Herschman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 341 Boyer Hall (MBI), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Donna Esposito
- Charles River Laboratories, Genetic Testing Services, 185 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Rodríguez M, Domingo E, Municio C, Alvarez Y, Hugo E, Fernández N, Sánchez Crespo M. Polarization of the innate immune response by prostaglandin E2: a puzzle of receptors and signals. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:187-97. [PMID: 24170779 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.089573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids tailor the innate immune response by supporting local inflammation and exhibiting immunomodulatory properties. Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is the most abundant eicosanoid in the inflammatory milieu due to the robust production elicited by pathogen-associated molecular patterns on cells of the innate immune system. The different functions and cell distribution of E prostanoid receptors explain the difficulty encountered thus far to delineate the actual role of PGE2 in the immune response. The biosynthesis of eicosanoids includes as the first step the Ca(2+)- and kinase-dependent activation of the cytosolic phospholipase A2, which releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, and later events depending on the transcriptional regulation of the enzymes of the cyclooxygenase routes, where PGE2 is the most relevant product. Acting in an autocrine/paracrine manner in macrophages, PGE2 induces a regulatory phenotype including the expression of interleukin (IL)-10, sphingosine kinase 1, and the tumor necrosis factor family molecule LIGHT. PGE2 also stabilizes the suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, inhibits the release of IL-12 p70 by macrophages and dendritic cells, and may enhance the production of IL-23. PGE2 is a central component of the inflammasome-dependent induction of the eicosanoid storm that leads to massive loss of intravascular fluid, increases the mortality rate associated with coinfection by Candida ssp. and bacteria, and inhibits fungal phagocytosis. These effects have important consequences for the outcome of infections and the polarization of the immune response into the T helper cell types 2 and 17 and can be a clue to develop pharmacological tools to address infectious, autoimmune, and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (M.R., N.F.); and Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Spanish National Research Council, Valladolid, Spain (E.D., C.M., Y.A., E.H., M.S.C.)
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Kojima F, Frolov A, Matnani R, Woodward JG, Crofford LJ. Reduced T cell-dependent humoral immune response in microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 null mice is mediated by nonhematopoietic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4979-88. [PMID: 24127557 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is an inducible enzyme that specifically catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGE2. We showed that mPGES-1 null mice had a significantly reduced incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis compared with wild-type (WT) mice associated with a marked reduction in Abs to type II collagen. In this study, we further elucidated the role of mPGES-1 in the humoral immune response. Basal levels of serum IgM and IgG were significantly reduced in mPGES-1 null mice. Compared with WT mice, mPGES-1 null mice exhibited a significant reduction of hapten-specific serum Abs in response to immunization with the T cell-dependent (TD) Ag DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Immunization with the T cell-independent type 1 Ag trinitrophenyl-LPS or the T cell-independent type 2 Ag DNP-Ficoll revealed minimal differences between strains. Germinal center formation in the spleen of mPGES-1 null and WT mice were similar after immunization with DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. To determine whether the effect of mPGES-1 and PGE2 was localized to hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic cells, we generated bone marrow chimeras. We demonstrated that mPGES-1 deficiency in nonhematopoietic cells was the critical factor for reduced TD Ab production. We conclude that mPGES-1 and PGE2-dependent phenotypic changes of nonhematopoietic/mesenchymal stromal cells play a key role in TD humoral immune responses in vivo. These findings may have relevance to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases associated with autoantibody formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Kojima
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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Yuan Z, Panchal D, Syed MA, Mehta H, Joo M, Hadid W, Sadikot RT. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 signaling by Stomatococcus mucilaginosus highlights the pathogenic potential of an oral commensal. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3810-7. [PMID: 24018272 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stomatococcus mucilaginosus is an oral commensal that has been occasionally reported to cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. There is no information about the pathogenic role of S. mucilaginosus in airway infections. In a cohort of 182 subjects with bronchiectasis, we found that 9% were colonized with S. mucilaginosus in their lower airways by culture growth from bronchoalveolar lavage. To address the pathogenic potential of S.mucilaginosus, we developed a murine model of S. mucilaginosus lung infection. Intratracheal injection of S. mucilaginosus in C57BL/6 mice resulted in a neutrophilic influx with production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators, mainly PGE₂ with induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the lungs. Presence of TLR2 was necessary for induction of COX-2 and production of PGE₂ by S. mucilaginosus. TLR2-deficient mice showed an enhanced clearance of S. mucilaginosus compared with wild-type mice. Administration of PGE₂ to TLR2(-/-) mice resulted in impaired clearance of S. mucilaginosus, suggesting a key role for COX-2-induced PGE₂ production in immune response to S. mucilaginosus. Mechanistically, induction of COX-2 in macrophages was dependent on the p38-ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, mice treated with S. mucilaginosus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed an increased mortality compared with mice treated with PA103 or S. mucilaginosus alone. Inhibition of COX-2 significantly improved survival in mice infected with PA103 and S. mucilaginosus. These data provide novel insights into the bacteriology and personalized microbiome in patients with bronchiectasis and suggest a pathogenic role for S. mucilaginosus in patients with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yuan
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Díaz-Muñoz MD, Osma-García IC, Iñiguez MA, Fresno M. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency in macrophages leads to defective p110γ PI3K signaling and impairs cell adhesion and migration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:395-406. [PMID: 23733875 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 dependent PGs modulate several functions in many pathophysiological processes, including migration of immune cells. In this study, we addressed the role of Cox-2 in macrophage migration by using in vivo and in vitro models. Upon thioglycolate challenge, CD11b(+) F4/80(+) macrophages showed a diminished ability to migrate to the peritoneal cavity in cox-2(-/-) mice. In vivo migration of cox-2(-/-) macrophages from the peritoneal cavity to lymph nodes, as well as cell adhesion to the mesothelium, was reduced in response to LPS. In vitro migration of cox-2(-/-) macrophages toward MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1α, or MIP-1β, as well as cell adhesion to ICAM-1 or fibronectin, was impaired. Defects in cell migration were not due to changes in chemokine receptor expression. Remarkably, cox-2(-/-) macrophages showed a deficiency in focal adhesion formation, with reduced phosphorylation of paxillin (Tyr(188)). Interestingly, expression of the p110γ catalytic subunit of PI3K was severely reduced in the absence of Cox-2, leading to defective Akt phosphorylation, as well as cdc42 and Rac-1 activation. Our results indicate that the paxillin/p110γ-PI3K/Cdc42/Rac1 axis is defective in cox-2(-/-) macrophages, which results in impaired cell adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Ji YR, Yang ZX, Han ZB, Meng L, Liang L, Feng XM, Yang SG, Chi Y, Chen DD, Wang YW, Han ZC. Mesenchymal stem cells support proliferation and terminal differentiation of B cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 30:1526-37. [PMID: 23235695 DOI: 10.1159/000343340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) play important roles in modulating the activities of T lymphocytes, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. These immunoregulatory properties of MSC suggest their therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases. However, the effects of MSC on B cells are still poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the interaction between MSC and B cells both in vitro and in vivo, and to determine the possible mechanism of action. DESIGN AND METHOD The effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) on proliferation and differentiation of B-cells were characterized in vitro, and we also tested the immunoregulatory properties of mouse bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC) on T cell dependent and independent antibody production in vivo in mice. RESULTS Treatment with human UC-MSC resulted in an increase of proliferation, differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and production of antibodies in vitro. Mouse BM-MSC significantly enhanced T cell dependent and independent antibodies production in vivo in mice. PGE2 partially mediated the immunosuppressive activity of human UC-MSC but IL-6 did not regulate this activity. CONCLUSION MSC promote proliferation and differentiation of B cells in vitro and in vivo partially through PGE2 but not IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ru Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union of Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Pollara JJ, Spesock AH, Pickup DJ, Laster SM, Petty ITD. Production of prostaglandin E₂ in response to infection with modified vaccinia Ankara virus. Virology 2012; 428:146-55. [PMID: 22534090 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) is an arachidonic acid (AA)-derived signaling molecule that can influence host immune responses to infection or vaccination. In this study, we investigated PGE₂ production in vitro by cells infected with the poxvirus vaccine strain, modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA). Human THP-1 cells, murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, and murine C3HA fibroblasts all accumulated PGE₂ to high levels in culture supernatants upon infection with MVA. We also demonstrated that MVA induced the release of AA from infected cells, and this was, most unusually, independent of host cytosolic phospholipase A₂ activity. The accumulation of AA and PGE₂ was dependent on viral gene expression, but independent of canonical NF-κB signaling via p65/RelA. The production of PGE₂ required host cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, and COX-2 protein accumulated during MVA infection. The results of this study provide insight into a novel aspect of MVA biology that may affect the efficacy of MVA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Pollara
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rosen
- Department of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, WV, USA
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Lee H, Trott JS, Haque S, McCormick S, Chiorazzi N, Mongini PKA. A Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin E2Pathway Augments Activation-Induced Cytosine Deaminase Expression within Replicating Human B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5300-14. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Eicosanoids in the innate immune response: TLR and non-TLR routes. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20689730 PMCID: PMC2905620 DOI: 10.1155/2010/201929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The variable array of pattern receptor expression in different cells of the innate immune system explains the induction of distinct patterns of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Peptidoglycan and mannan were strong stimuli in neutrophils, whereas the fungal extract zymosan was the most potent stimulus in monocyte-derived dendritic cells since it induced the production of PGE2, PGD2, and several cytokines including a robust IL-10 response. Zymosan activated κB-binding activity, but inhibition of NF-κB was associated with enhanced IL-10 production. In contrast, treatments acting on CREB (CRE binding protein), including PGE2, showed a direct correlation between CREB activation and IL-10 production. Therefore, in dendritic cells zymosan induces il10 transcription by a CRE-dependent mechanism that involves autocrine secretion of PGE2, thus unraveling a functional cooperation between eicosanoid production and cytokine production.
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Moore GE, HogenEsch H. Adverse Vaccinal Events in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:393-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Bernard MP, Phipps RP. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 impairs the expression of essential plasma cell transcription factors and human B-lymphocyte differentiation. Immunology 2010; 129:87-96. [PMID: 20050331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (Cox) inhibitors are among the most widely used and commonly prescribed medications. Relatively little is understood about their influence on human immune responses. Herein, we discovered a novel and important mechanism whereby non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) blunt human B-cell antibody production. We demonstrate that the Cox-2 selective small molecule inhibitors SC-58125 and NS-398 attenuate the production of human antibody isotypes including immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. In addition, inhibition of Cox-2 significantly reduced the generation of CD38+ IgM+ and CD38+ IgG+ antibody-secreting cells. Interestingly, we discovered that inhibition of Cox-2 activity in normal human B cells severely reduced the messenger RNA and protein levels of the essential plasma cell transcription factor, Blimp-1. These observations were mirrored in Cox-2-deficient mice, which had reduced CD138+ plasma cells and a near loss of Blimp-1 expression. These new findings demonstrate a critical role for Cox-2 in the terminal differentiation of human B lymphocytes to antibody-secreting plasma cells. The use of NSAIDs may adversely influence the efficacy of vaccines, especially in the immunocompromised, elderly and when vaccines are weakly immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Bernard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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The relationship between HPV16 and expression of cyclooxygenase-2, P53 and their prognostic roles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22:67-74. [PMID: 19730383 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e32832c7e76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), P53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which has not yet been elucidated. METHODS HPV16 was detected by amplifying the HPV16 E6 gene by the PCR method, and the expression of COX-2, P53 protein in 69 ESCCs and 32 normal esophageal mucosa (NEM) from Shaanxi Province was examined by the streptavidin-peroxidase method. Estimation of overall survival by HPV16, COX-2, and P53 was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed with the log-rank test. RESULTS The infection rate of HPV16 in ESCCs (35 of 69, 50.7%) was significantly higher than that in NEMs (two of 32, 6.25%) (P<0.01). The expression rate of COX-2 in ESCCs (44 of 69, 63.8%) was higher than that in NEMs (two of 32, 6.25%) (P<0.01). The expression intensity of COX-2 expression had statistical difference in histological grade (R = 0.4453, P = 0.0019), tumor stage (R = 0.438, P = 0.000), and metastasis (R = 0.417, P = 0.002). P53 expression rate was 49.3% (34 of 69) in ESCC and 18.8% (six of 32) in NEMs. The expression rate of P53 proteins in ESCC was statistically higher than that in N67EMs (P = 0.0037). The infection of HPV16 had inverse correlation with the overexpression of COX-2 in ESCCs (R = -0.321, P = 0.008). The HPV16 DNA in ESCC had no statistical correlation with P53 protein (R = -0.014, P = 0.9055) and the elevated expression of COX-2 had positive correlation with P53 protein in ESCC (R = 0.441, P = 0.000). No statistical correlation was observed between the infection of HPV16 and clinicopathological features in ESCCs including sex, age, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis, respectively (P>0.05). The COX-2 had no statistical correlation with sex and age (P>0.05), but had association with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis, respectively (P<0.05). The expression of P53 protein had significant association with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0005), but not with sex, age, and tumor stage, respectively (P>0.05). The overexpression of COX-2, infection of HPV16, and P53 protein in ESCC were not correlated with survival during the 5-year follow-up period (P>0.05). CONCLUSION We first concluded that the increased expression of COX-2 had inverse correlation with HPV16 in ESCC. COX-2, HPV16, and P53 had no significant effect on the survival of patients with ESCC. These observations might help us to further understand the significant association between HPV16 and other molecules involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of ESCC.
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Blaho VA, Buczynski MW, Dennis EA, Brown CR. Cyclooxygenase-1 orchestrates germinal center formation and antibody class-switch via regulation of IL-17. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5644-53. [PMID: 19843949 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are known modulators of innate immune cell function; however, their contributions to adaptive immunity are relatively unknown. We investigated the roles of COX-1 and COX-2 in the humoral immune response to infection with the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi. We report that in vitro, murine B cells constitutively expressed COX-1 and up-regulated expression of both COX-1 and COX-2 as well as their products PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), and thromboxane B(2) and their receptors following stimulation with B. burgdorferi or anti-CD40. In vitro inhibition of COX-1 and/or COX-2 in murine B cells resulted in decreased eicosanoid production and altered Ab production. Importantly, infection of mice lacking COX-1, but not COX-2, activity resulted in a defect in Ig class-switching and a lack of Borrelia-specific IgG production. This defect correlated with decreased germinal center formation and IL-6 and IL-17 production, and it could be partially recovered by restoration of IL-6, but fully recovered by IL-17. Furthermore, sera from COX-1 inhibitor-treated mice were dramatically less effective in killing B. burgdorferi, but borreliacidal activity was restored in COX-1 inhibitor-treated mice administered IL-17. We conclude that IL-17 plays a role in Ab production and Ig class-switching in response to infection and that COX-1 is a critical, previously unrecognized regulator of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Blaho
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Bernard MP, Bancos S, Chapman TJ, Ryan EP, Treanor JJ, Rose RC, Topham DJ, Phipps RP. Chronic inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 attenuates antibody responses against vaccinia infection. Vaccine 2009; 28:1363-72. [PMID: 19941994 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Generation of optimal humoral immunity to vaccination is essential to protect against devastating infectious agents such as the variola virus that causes smallpox. Vaccinia virus (VV), employed as a vaccine against smallpox, provides an important model of infection. Herein, we evaluated the importance cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in immunity to VV using Cox-2 deficient mice and Cox-2 selective inhibitory drugs. The effects of Cox-2 inhibition on antibody responses to live viruses such as vaccinia have not been previously described. Here, we used VV infection in Cox-2 deficient mice and in mice chronically treated with Cox-2 selective inhibitors and show that the frequency of VV-specific B cells was reduced, as well as the production of neutralizing IgG. VV titers were approximately 70 times higher in mice treated with a Cox-2 selective inhibitor. Interestingly, Cox-2 inhibition also reduced the frequency of IFN-gamma producing CD4(+) T helper cells, important for class switching. The significance of these results is that the chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and other drugs that inhibit Cox-2 activity or expression, blunt the ability of B cells to produce anti-viral antibodies, thereby making vaccines less effective and possibly increasing susceptibility to viral infection. These new findings support an essential role for Cox-2 in regulating humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Bernard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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One big unhappy family: transfusion alloimmunization, thrombosis, and immune modulation/inflammation. Transfusion 2009; 49:1032-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Treatment with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors enables repeated administration of vaccinia virus for control of ovarian cancer. Mol Ther 2009; 17:1365-72. [PMID: 19471247 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among women with gynecologic malignancies in the United States. The lack of effective treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer warrants development of innovative therapies. Cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses represents a promising new approach for controlling tumors. Vaccinia virus has been shown to preferentially infect tumor cells but not normal tissue. However, oncolytic therapy using recombinant viruses faces the limitation of viral clearance due to generation of neutralizing antibodies. In the current study, we found that cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitors circumvented this limitation, enabling repeated administration of vaccinia virus without losing infectivity. We quantified the antivaccinia antibody response using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralization assays to show that treatment of Cox-2 inhibitors inhibited the generation of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, we showed that combination treatment of Cox-2 inhibitors with vaccinia virus was more effective that either treatment alone in treating MOSEC/luc tumor-bearing mice. Thus, the combination of Cox-2 inhibitors and vaccinia virus represents a potential innovative approach to controlling ovarian tumors.
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Bancos S, Bernard MP, Topham DJ, Phipps RP. Ibuprofen and other widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit antibody production in human cells. Cell Immunol 2009; 258:18-28. [PMID: 19345936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) function mainly through inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (Cox-1 and Cox-2). Unlike Cox-1, Cox-2 is considered an inducible and pro-inflammatory enzyme. We previously reported that Cox-2 is upregulated in activated human B lymphocytes and using Cox-2 selective inhibitors that Cox-2 is required for optimal antibody synthesis. It is not known whether commonly used non-prescription and non-Cox-2 selective drugs also influence antibody synthesis. Herein, we tested a variety of Cox-1/Cox-2 non-selective NSAIDs, namely ibuprofen, tylenol, aspirin and naproxen and report that they blunt IgM and IgG synthesis in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Ibuprofen had its most profound effects in inhibiting human PBMCs and purified B lymphocyte IgM and IgG synthesis when administered in the first few days after activation. As shown by viability assays, ibuprofen did not kill B cells. The implications of this research are that the use of widely available NSAIDs after infection or vaccination may lower host defense. This may be especially true for the elderly who respond poorly to vaccines and heavily use NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bancos
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Alvarez Y, Municio C, Alonso S, Román JAS, Crespo MS, Fernández N. Cyclooxygenase-2 Induced by Zymosan in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Shows High Stability, and Its Expression Is Enhanced by Atorvastatin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:987-94. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.149336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Valera I, Fernández N, Trinidad AG, Alonso S, Brown GD, Alonso A, Crespo MS. Costimulation of dectin-1 and DC-SIGN triggers the arachidonic acid cascade in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:5727-36. [PMID: 18390758 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) alter the function of dendritic cells (DC), but data regarding their biosynthesis resulting from stimulation of opsonic and nonopsonic receptors are scarce. To address this issue, the production of eicosanoids by human monocyte-derived DC stimulated via receptors involved in Ag recognition was assessed. Activation of FcgammaR induced AA release, short-term, low-grade PG biosynthesis, and IL-10 production, whereas zymosan, which contains ligands of both the mannose receptor and the human beta-glucan receptor dectin-1, induced a wider set of responses including cyclooxygenase 2 induction and biosynthesis of leukotriene C(4) and IL-12p70. The cytosolic phospholipase A(2) inhibitor pyrrolidine 1 completely inhibited AA release stimulated via all receptors, whereas the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors piceatannol and R406 fully blocked AA release in response to immune complexes, but only partially blocked the effect of zymosan. Furthermore, anti-dectin-1 mAb partially inhibited the response to zymosan, and this inhibition was enhanced by mAb against DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (SIGN). Immunoprecipitation of DC lysates showed coimmunoprecipitation of DC-SIGN and dectin-1, which was confirmed using Myc-dectin-1 and DC-SIGN constructs in HEK293 cells. These data reveal a robust metabolism of AA in human DC stimulated through both opsonic and nonopsonic receptors. The FcgammaR route depends on the ITAM/Syk/cytosolic phospholipase A(2) axis, whereas the response to zymosan involves the interaction with the C-type lectin receptors dectin-1 and DC-SIGN. These findings help explain the distinct functional properties of DC matured by immune complexes vs those matured by beta-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Valera
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Bernard MP, Phipps RP. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induce cyclooxygenase-2 in human B lymphocytes: implications for adjuvant activity and antibody production. Clin Immunol 2007; 125:138-48. [PMID: 17728187 PMCID: PMC2197160 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), similar to DNA sequences found in certain microorganisms, have shown promise as adjuvants for humans by enhancing immune responses. Since antibodies are often indicators of successful vaccination, it is important to understand how CpG ODNs affect human B cells and influence antibody production. Treatment of human B cells with synthetic CpG ODN sequences increased both steady-state Cox-2 mRNA levels and protein expression. B cell receptor stimulation in concert with CpG ODN treatment induced Cox-2 expression and production of prostaglandin E(2), well above that seen with CpG ODN alone. Importantly, CpG-induced human B cell IgM and IgG production was attenuated by dual Cox-1/Cox-2 inhibitors and Cox-2-selective inhibitors. Our findings support a key role for CpG ODN-induced human B cell Cox-2 in the production of IgM and IgG antibodies, revealing that drugs that attenuate Cox-2 activity have the potential to reduce optimal antibody response to adjuvants/vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Bernard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
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