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Alipour S, Mardi A, Shajari N, Kazemi T, Sadeghi MR, Ahmadian Heris J, Masoumi J, Baradaran B. Unmasking the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmunity, cancer, and infectious conditions. Life Sci 2024; 348:122686. [PMID: 38710282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Proper and functional immune response requires a complex interaction between innate and adaptive immune cells, which dendritic cells (DCs) are the primary actors in this coordination as professional antigen-presenting cells. DCs are armed with numerous pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) like NLRP3, which influence the development of their activation state upon sensation of ligands. NLRP3 is a crucial component of the immune system for protection against tumors and infectious agents, because its activation leads to the assembly of inflammasomes that cause the formation of active caspase-1 and stimulate the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines. But, when NLRP3 becomes overactivated, it plays a pathogenic role in the progression of several autoimmune disorders. So, NLRP3 activation is strictly regulated by diverse signaling pathways that are mentioned in detail in this review. Furthermore, the role of NLRP3 in all of the diverse immune cells' subsets is briefly mentioned in this study because NLRP3 plays a pivotal role in modulating other immune cells which are accompanied by DCs' responses and subsequently influence differentiation of T cells to diverse T helper subsets and even impact on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells' responses. This review sheds light on the functional and therapeutic role of NLRP3 in DCs and its contribution to the occurrence and progression of autoimmune disorders, prevention of diverse tumors' development, and recognition and annihilation of various infectious agents. Furthermore, we highlight NLRP3 targeting potential for improving DC-based immunotherapeutic approaches, to be used for the benefit of patients suffering from these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Alipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hoffmann JP, Srivastava A, Yang H, Iwanaga N, Remcho TP, Hewes JL, Sharoff R, Song K, Norton EB, Kolls JK, McCombs JE. Vaccine-elicited IL-1R signaling results in Th17 TRM-mediated immunity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:433. [PMID: 38594380 PMCID: PMC11003962 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue resident memory (TRM) cells are thought to play crucial roles in lung host defense. We have recently shown that immunization with the adjuvant LTA1 (derived from the A1 domain of E. coli heat labile toxin) admixed with OmpX from K. pneumoniae can elicit antigen specific lung Th17 TRM cells that provide serotype independent immunity to members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. However, the upstream requirements to generate these cells are unclear. Single-cell RNA-seq showed that vaccine-elicited Th17 TRM cells expressed high levels of IL-1R1, suggesting that IL-1 family members may be critical to generate these cells. Using a combination of genetic and antibody neutralization approaches, we show that Th17 TRM cells can be generated independent of caspase-1 but are compromised when IL-1α is neutralized. Moreover IL-1α could serve as a molecular adjuvant to generate lung Th17 TRM cells independent of LTA1. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-1α plays a major role in vaccine-mediated lung Th17 TRM generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Hoffmann
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Akhilesh Srivastava
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Haoran Yang
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Naoki Iwanaga
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - T Parks Remcho
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jenny L Hewes
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rayshma Sharoff
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kejing Song
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Janet E McCombs
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Zhang H, Gao J, Tang Y, Jin T, Tao J. Inflammasomes cross-talk with lymphocytes to connect the innate and adaptive immune response. J Adv Res 2023; 54:181-193. [PMID: 36681114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate and adaptive immunity are two different parts of the immune system that have different characteristics and work together to provide immune protection. Inflammasomes are a major part of the innate immune system that are expressed widely in myeloid cells and are responsible for inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that inflammasomes are also expressed and activated in lymphocytes, especially in T and B cells, to regulate the adaptive immune response. Activation of inflammasomes is also under the control of lymphocytes. Therefore, we propose that inflammasomes act as a bridge and they provide crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immune systems to obtain a fine balance in immune responses. AIM OF REVIEW This review systematially summarizes the interaction between inflammasomes and lymphocytes and describes the crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immune systems induced by inflammasomes, with the aim of providing new directions and important areas for further research. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW When considering the novel function of inflammasomes in various lymphocytes, attention should be given to the activity of specific inflammasomes in studies of lymphocyte function. Moreover, research on the function of various inflammasomes in lymphocytes will help advance knowledge on the mechanisms and treatment of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases and tumors. In addition, when studying inflammatory responses, inflammasomes in both lymphocytes and myeloid cells need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Liandu District, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Burzynski LC, Morales-Maldonado A, Rodgers A, Kitt LA, Humphry M, Figg N, Bennett MR, Clarke MCH. Thrombin-activated interleukin-1α drives atherogenesis, but also promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen production. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2179-2189. [PMID: 37309666 PMCID: PMC10578913 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is driven by multiple processes across multiple body systems. For example, the innate immune system drives both atherogenesis and plaque rupture via inflammation, while coronary artery-occluding thrombi formed by the coagulation system cause myocardial infarction and death. However, the interplay between these systems during atherogenesis is understudied. We recently showed that coagulation and immunity are fundamentally linked by the activation of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) by thrombin, and generated a novel knock-in mouse in which thrombin cannot activate endogenous IL-1α [IL-1α thrombin mutant (IL-1αTM)]. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in IL-1αTM/Apoe-/- mice compared with Apoe-/- and reduced T-cell infiltration. However, IL-1αTM/Apoe-/- plaques have reduced vascular smooth muscle cells, collagen, and fibrous caps, indicative of a more unstable phenotype. Interestingly, the reduced atherogenesis seen with thrombin inhibition was absent in IL-1αTM/Apoe-/- mice, suggesting that thrombin inhibitors can affect atherosclerosis via reduced IL-1α activation. Finally, bone marrow chimeras show that thrombin-activated IL-1α is derived from both vessel wall and myeloid cells. CONCLUSIONS Together, we reveal that the atherogenic effect of ongoing coagulation is, in part, mediated via thrombin cleavage of IL-1α. This not only highlights the importance of interplay between systems during disease and the potential for therapeutically targeting IL-1α and/or thrombin, but also forewarns that IL-1 may have a role in plaque stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Burzynski
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, The Heart and Lung Research
Institute, The University of Cambridge, Papworth Road,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Alejandra Morales-Maldonado
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, The Heart and Lung Research
Institute, The University of Cambridge, Papworth Road,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Amanda Rodgers
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, The Heart and Lung Research
Institute, The University of Cambridge, Papworth Road,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Lauren A Kitt
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, The Heart and Lung Research
Institute, The University of Cambridge, Papworth Road,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Melanie Humphry
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, The Heart and Lung Research
Institute, The University of Cambridge, Papworth Road,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Nichola Figg
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, The Heart and Lung Research
Institute, The University of Cambridge, Papworth Road,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, The Heart and Lung Research
Institute, The University of Cambridge, Papworth Road,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Murray C H Clarke
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, The Heart and Lung Research
Institute, The University of Cambridge, Papworth Road,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
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Wiggins KA, Pyrillou K, Humphry M, Butterworth AS, Clarke MC. The common IL1A single nucleotide polymorphism rs17561 is a hypomorphic mutation that significantly reduces interleukin-1α release from human blood cells. Immunology 2023; 168:459-472. [PMID: 36175368 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) is a powerful cytokine that drives inflammation and modulates adaptive immunity. Due to these powerful effects, IL-1α is controlled at multiple levels from transcription to cleavage and release from the cell. Genome-wide association studies can identify loci that drive important diseases, although often the functional effect of the variant on phenotype remains unknown or small, with most risk variants in non-coding regions. We find that the common variant rs17561 changes a conserved amino acid in the central region of IL-1α linking the pro piece to the cytokine domain. Using a recall-by-genotype study and whole blood stimulation, we find that minor allele homozygotes release ~50% less IL-1α than the major allele, with IL-1β release equivalent. IL-1α transcript level was identical between groups, implying a post-transcriptional effect, whilst cleavage of recombinant pro-IL-1α by multiple proteases was also equivalent for both forms. Importantly, transfected macrophages also release less minor allele IL-1α upon inflammasome activation, revealing that reduced secretion is directly caused by the missense amino acid substitution and more minor allele IL-1α was retained within the cell. Thus, rs17561 represents a very common hypomorphic mutation in IL-1α. We believe this novel data will be important for determining the potential contribution of IL-1α to disease and/or physiological processes, for example, by Mendelian randomisation, and may aid patient stratification when considering anti-IL-1 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A Wiggins
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Heart & Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katerina Pyrillou
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Heart & Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melanie Humphry
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Heart & Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, The Heart & Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Murray Ch Clarke
- Section of CardioRespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Heart & Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Yin Q, Pi X, Jiang Y, Ren G, Liu Z, Liu H, Wang M, Sun W, Li S, Gao Z, Li D, Yin J. An immuno-blocking agent targeting IL-1β and IL-17A reduces the lesion of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Inflammation 2021; 44:1724-1736. [PMID: 33877484 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades when biological agents have flourished, a part of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have received the treatment of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors or IL-1 antibodies. This study aims to investigate the anti-colitis effects of bispecific antibody (FL-BsAb1/17) targeting IL-1β and IL-17A comparing with TNF-α soluble receptor medicine etanercept. IBD model in mice was established by drinking 3% DSS (dextran sulfate sodium salt). On the first day of drinking DSS, treatments with etanercept (5 mg/kg) or different doses of FL-BsAb1/17 (1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg) were started by intraperitoneal injection every other day. The results demonstrated that FL-BsAb1/17 treatment was more effective than etanercept at the same dose (5 mg/kg) in relieving the typical symptom of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS (such as the severity score and intestinal shortening), and down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-17A, IL-6, IL-12, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-23, TNF-α) in the serum and colon. FL-BsAb1/17 could also reduce the degree of intestinal fibrosis. The same dose of FL-BsAb1/17 (5 mg/kg) performed better than etanercept in down-regulating MDA and up-regulating SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity) in serum. Both FL-BsAb1/17 and etanercept could reduce the transcription of Bax and increase the transcription of Bcl-2 and slow down apoptosis in colitis colon tissue. We conclude that the blocking of IL-1β and IL-17A can inhibit DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and FL-BsAb1/17 may have potential to become a new dual-target candidate for colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuelei Pi
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group R&D Center, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guiping Ren
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhihang Liu
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Han Liu
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenying Sun
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenqiu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Xiwang Road, Yancheng, 22400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deshan Li
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiechao Yin
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are caused by an exaggerated inflammatory response arising from a wide variety of pulmonary and systemic insults. Lung tissue is composed of a variety of cell populations, including parenchymal and immune cells. Emerging evidence has revealed that multiple cell populations in the lung work in concert to regulate lung inflammation in response to both direct and indirect stimulations. To date, the question of how different types of pulmonary cells communicate with each other and subsequently regulate or modulate inflammatory cascades remains to be fully addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of current advancements in understanding the role of cell-cell interaction in the development of ALI and depict molecular mechanisms by which cell-cell interactions regulate lung inflammation, focusing on inter-cellular activities and signaling pathways that point to possible therapeutic opportunities for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Erica K. Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Hasgur S, Fan R, Zwick DB, Fairchild RL, Valujskikh A. B cell-derived IL-1β and IL-6 drive T cell reconstitution following lymphoablation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2740-2754. [PMID: 32342598 PMCID: PMC7956246 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of T cell homeostatic expansion is crucial for clinical applications of lymphoablative therapies. We previously established that T cell recovery in mouse heart allograft recipients treated with anti-thymocyte globulin (mATG) critically depends on B cells and is mediated by B cell-derived soluble factors. B cell production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 is markedly upregulated after heart allotransplantation and lymphoablation. Neutralizing IL-1β or IL-6 with mAb or the use of recipients lacking mature IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1R, MyD88, or IL-6R impair CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recovery and significantly enhance the graft-prolonging efficacy of lymphoablation. Adoptive co-transfer experiments demonstrate a direct effect of IL-6 but not IL-1β on T lymphocytes. Furthermore, B cells incapable of IL-1β or IL-6 production have diminished capacity to mediate T cell reconstitution and initiate heart allograft rejection upon adoptive transfer into mATG treated B cell deficient recipients. These findings reveal the essential role of B cell-derived IL-1β and IL-6 during homeostatic T cell expansion in a clinically relevant model of lymphoablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheyla Hasgur
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ran Fan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Daniel B. Zwick
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Inhibitory effect of nintedanib on VEGF secretion in retinal pigment epithelial cells induced by exposure to a necrotic cell lysate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218632. [PMID: 31386668 PMCID: PMC6684070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrosis is a form of cell death that results in rupture of the plasma membrane and the release of cellular contents, and it can give rise to sterile inflammation in the retina and other tissues. The secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells contributes to retinal homeostasis as well as to pathological angiogenesis. We have now examined the effect of a necrotic cell lysate prepared from human RPE cells (NLR) on the release of VEGF by healthy RPE cells. We found that NLR markedly increased the release of VEGF from RPE cells and that this effect was attenuated by nintedanib, a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, whereas it was unaffected by inhibitors of NF-κB signaling or of caspase-1. NLR also induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in a manner sensitive to inhibition by nintedanib, although inhibitors of Erk and Stat3 signaling pathways did not affect NLR-induced VEGF secretion. In addition, nintedanib attenuated the development of choroidal neovascularization in mice. Our results have thus shown that a necrotic lysate of RPE cells induced VEGF secretion from healthy RPE cells and that this effect was mediated by receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. They therefore suggest that VEGF secretion by healthy RPE cells is a potential therapeutic target for retinal diseases associated with sterile inflammation and pathological angiogenesis.
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10
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Park JY, Kim BG, Kim JS, Hwang JH. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Point-of-Care Immunoassay Result Predicts Response to Topical Cyclosporine Treatment in Dry Eye Disease. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:31. [PMID: 30386683 PMCID: PMC6205558 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.5.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluate a matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) point-of-care immunoassay (InflammaDry) as a prognostic tool for topical cyclosporine treatment. Methods A total of 20 healthy subjects and 40 patients meeting >3 dry eye disease (DED) criteria (ocular surface disease index [OSDI] score ≥ 12, tear film breakup time [TBUT] ≤10 seconds, Schirmer I test result ≤10 mm/5 minutes, corneal staining ≥1) were included. DED patients were treated with topical cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% twice daily for 1 month. The InflammaDry test was used to grade MMP-9 levels in the tear film. Treatment response was monitored using the OSDI score, TBUT, and Schirmer, corneal staining, and InflammaDry tests. Results Of the eyes, 18 (22.5%) were negative, 29 (36.3%) trace-positive, 16 (20.0%) weak-positive, 11 (13.8%) positive, and six (7.5%) strong-positive for MMP-9 at baseline. MMP-9 levels correlated with OSDI (P = 0.049), TBUT (P = 0.001), corneal staining (P = 0.002), and Schirmer test (P = 0.027) results. MMP-9–positive patients displayed decreased post-treatment MMP-9 levels (P = 0.001) and corneal staining score (P < 0.001), improved OSDI score (P < 0.001), and increased TBUT (P < 0.001) and Schirmer (P = 0.009) test values. Conclusions Semiquantitative MMP-9 grading correlated well with DED symptoms and signs, and could be used to predict patient status and monitor treatment response. MMP-9–positive patients responded more favorably to topical cyclosporine than did MMP-9–negative patients. Thus, the InflammaDry test may inform decisions regarding initiating topical cyclosporine treatment. Translational Relevance Semiquantitative MMP-9 could be used to predict patient status and monitor treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Gi Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Suk Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Hyung Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Bassoy EY, Towne JE, Gabay C. Regulation and function of interleukin-36 cytokines. Immunol Rev 2018; 281:169-178. [PMID: 29247994 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines include 3 agonists, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ that bind to a common receptor composed of IL-36R and IL-1RAcP to stimulate inflammatory responses. IL-36Ra is a natural antagonist that binds to IL-36R, but does not recruit the co-receptor IL-1RAcP and does not stimulate any intracellular responses. The IL-36 cytokines are expressed predominantly by epithelial cells and act on a number of cells including immune cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Processing of the N-terminus is required for full agonist or antagonist activity for all IL-36 members. The role of IL-36 has been extensively demonstrated in the skin where it can act on keratinocytes and immune cells to induce a robust inflammatory response that has been implicated in psoriatic disorders. Emerging data also suggest a role for this cytokine family in pulmonary and intestinal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yonca Bassoy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties & Department of Pathology-Immunology, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer E Towne
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties & Department of Pathology-Immunology, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Swanton T, Cook J, Beswick JA, Freeman S, Lawrence CB, Brough D. Is Targeting the Inflammasome a Way Forward for Neuroscience Drug Discovery? SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:991-1017. [PMID: 29969573 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218786210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the pathology of both acute and chronic neurological conditions. Inflammasomes such as the one formed by NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains containing protein 3 (NLRP3) are key regulators of inflammation due to their ability to induce the processing and secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β). IL-1β has previously been identified as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of conditions due to its ability to promote neuronal damage under conditions of injury. Thus, inflammasome inhibition has the potential to curtail inflammatory signaling, which could prove beneficial in certain diseases. In this review, we discuss the evidence for inflammasome contributions to the pathology of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and acute degeneration following brain trauma or stroke. In addition, we review the current landscape of drug development targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Swanton
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Cook
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James A Beswick
- 2 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sally Freeman
- 2 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Finethy R, Coers J. Sensing the enemy, containing the threat: cell-autonomous immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 40:875-893. [PMID: 28201690 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of the most common sexually transmitted infection in North America and Europe. Medical complications resulting from genital C. trachomatis infections arise predominantly in women where the initial infections often remain asymptomatic and thus unrecognized. Untreated asymptomatic infections in women can ascend into the upper genital tract and establish persistence, ultimately resulting in extensive scarring of the reproductive organs, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and ectopic pregnancies. Previously resolved C. trachomatis infections fail to provide protective immune memory, and no effective vaccine against C. trachomatis is currently available. Critical determinants of the pathogenesis and immunogenicity of genital C. trachomatis infections are cell-autonomous immune responses. Cell-autonomous immunity describes the ability of an individual host cell to launch intrinsic immune circuits that execute the detection, containment and elimination of cell-invading pathogens. As an obligate intracellular pathogen C. trachomatis is constantly under attack by cell-intrinsic host defenses. Accordingly, C. trachomatis evolved to subvert and co-opt cell-autonomous immune pathways. This review will provide a critical summary of our current understanding of cell-autonomous immunity to C. trachomatis and its role in shaping host resistance, inflammation and adaptive immunity to genital C. trachomatis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Finethy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Bajnok A, Berta L, Orbán C, Veres G, Zádori D, Barta H, Méder Ü, Vécsei L, Tulassay T, Szabó M, Toldi G. Distinct cytokine patterns may regulate the severity of neonatal asphyxia-an observational study. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:244. [PMID: 29233180 PMCID: PMC5727967 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and a systemic inflammatory reaction are important features of perinatal asphyxia. Neuroinflammation may have dual aspects being a hindrance, but also a significant help in the recovery of the CNS. We aimed to assess intracellular cytokine levels of T-lymphocytes and plasma cytokine levels in moderate and severe asphyxia in order to identify players of the inflammatory response that may influence patient outcome. METHODS We analyzed the data of 28 term neonates requiring moderate systemic hypothermia in a single-center observational study. Blood samples were collected between 3 and 6 h of life, at 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 1 month of life. Neonates were divided into a moderate (n = 17) and a severe (n = 11) group based on neuroradiological and amplitude-integrated EEG characteristics. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed with flow cytometry. Cytokine plasma levels were measured using Bioplex immunoassays. Components of the kynurenine pathway were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The prevalence and extravasation of IL-1b + CD4 cells were higher in severe than in moderate asphyxia at 6 h. Based on Receiver operator curve analysis, the assessment of the prevalence of CD4+ IL-1β+ and CD4+ IL-1β+ CD49d+ cells at 6 h appears to be able to predict the severity of the insult at an early stage in asphyxia. Intracellular levels of TNF-α in CD4 cells were increased at all time points compared to 6 h in both groups. At 1 month, intracellular levels of TNF-α were higher in the severe group. Plasma IL-6 levels were higher at 1 week in the severe group and decreased by 1 month in the moderate group. Intracellular levels of IL-6 peaked at 24 h in both groups. Intracellular TGF-β levels were increased from 24 h onwards in the moderate group. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β and IL-6 appear to play a key role in the early events of the inflammatory response, while TNF-α seems to be responsible for prolonged neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to a worse outcome. The assessment of the prevalence of CD4+ IL-1β+ and CD4+ IL-1β+ CD49d+ cells at 6 h appears to be able to predict the severity of the insult at an early stage in asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bajnok
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Baross str. 27, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - László Berta
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Csaba Orbán
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veres
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis str. 6, 5th floor, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dénes Zádori
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis str. 6, 5th floor, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Barta
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Ünőke Méder
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis str. 6, 5th floor, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tivadar Tulassay
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary.,MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Szabó
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary.,MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Toldi
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Baross str. 27, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary. .,First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János str. 53-54, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary. .,Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Neonatal Unit, Birmingham, UK.
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15
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Weigt SS, Palchevskiy V, Belperio JA. Inflammasomes and IL-1 biology in the pathogenesis of allograft dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2022-2029. [PMID: 28569730 DOI: 10.1172/jci93537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are high-molecular-weight cytosolic complexes that mediate the activation of caspases. There are many inflammasomes, and each is influenced by a unique pattern-recognition receptor response. Two signals are typically involved in the inflammasome pathways. Signal one involves recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as LPS or other colonizing/invading microbes, that interact with TLRs, which induce the downstream production of pro-IL-1β. This is followed by signal two, which involves recognition of PAMPs or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as uric acid or ATP, via NLRP3, which leads to caspase-1-dependent cleavage of pro-IL-1β to active IL-1β and pyroptosis. Ultimately, these two signals cause the release of multiple proinflammatory cytokines. Both PAMPs and DAMPs can be liberated by early insults to the allograft, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, infections, and rejection. The consequence of inflammasome activation and IL-1 expression is the upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines, which leads to allograft neutrophil sequestration, mononuclear phagocyte recruitment, and T cell activation, all of which are key steps in the continuum from allograft insult to chronic allograft dysfunction.
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16
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The critical role of SENP1-mediated GATA2 deSUMOylation in promoting endothelial activation in graft arteriosclerosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15426. [PMID: 28569748 PMCID: PMC5461500 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from clinical research and our previous study have suggested the potential involvement of SENP1, the major protease of post-translational SUMOylation, in cardiovascular disorders. Here, we investigate the role of SENP1-mediated SUMOylation in graft arteriosclerosis (GA), the major cause of allograft failure. We observe an endothelial-specific induction of SENP1 and GATA2 in clinical graft rejection specimens that show endothelial activation-mediated vascular remodelling. In mouse aorta transplantation GA models, endothelial-specific SENP1 knockout grafts demonstrate limited neointima formation with attenuated leukocyte recruitment, resulting from diminished induction of adhesion molecules in the graft endothelium due to increased GATA2 SUMOylation. Mechanistically, inflammation-induced SENP1 promotes the deSUMOylation of GATA2 and IκBα in endothelial cells, resulting in increased GATA2 stability, promoter-binding capability and NF-κB activity, which leads to augmented endothelial activation and inflammation. Therefore, upon inflammation, endothelial SENP1-mediated SUMOylation drives GA by regulating the synergistic effect of GATA2 and NF-κB and consequent endothelial dysfunction.
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17
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Arbore G, West EE, Spolski R, Robertson AAB, Klos A, Rheinheimer C, Dutow P, Woodruff TM, Yu ZX, O'Neill LA, Coll RC, Sher A, Leonard WJ, Köhl J, Monk P, Cooper MA, Arno M, Afzali B, Lachmann HJ, Cope AP, Mayer-Barber KD, Kemper C. T helper 1 immunity requires complement-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activity in CD4⁺ T cells. Science 2016; 352:aad1210. [PMID: 27313051 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome controls interleukin-1β maturation in antigen-presenting cells, but a direct role for NLRP3 in human adaptive immune cells has not been described. We found that the NLRP3 inflammasome assembles in human CD4(+) T cells and initiates caspase-1-dependent interleukin-1β secretion, thereby promoting interferon-γ production and T helper 1 (T(H)1) differentiation in an autocrine fashion. NLRP3 assembly requires intracellular C5 activation and stimulation of C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1), which is negatively regulated by surface-expressed C5aR2. Aberrant NLRP3 activity in T cells affects inflammatory responses in human autoinflammatory disease and in mouse models of inflammation and infection. Our results demonstrate that NLRP3 inflammasome activity is not confined to "innate immune cells" but is an integral component of normal adaptive T(H)1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Arbore
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Rheinheimer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pavel Dutow
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zu Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca C Coll
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alan Sher
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pete Monk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Arno
- Genomics Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Behdad Afzali
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helen J Lachmann
- UK National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Arbore G, Kemper C. A novel "complement-metabolism-inflammasome axis" as a key regulator of immune cell effector function. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1563-73. [PMID: 27184294 PMCID: PMC5025719 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that induce and regulate the generation of the key pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18 in response to infectious microbes and cellular stress. The activation of inflammasomes involves several upstream signals including classic pattern or danger recognition systems such as the TLRs. Recently, however, the activation of complement receptors, such as the anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a receptors and the complement regulator CD46, in conjunction with the sensing of cell metabolic changes, for instance increased amino acid influx and glycolysis (via mTORC1), have emerged as additional critical activators of the inflammasome. This review summarizes recent advances in our knowledge about complement‐mediated inflammasome activation, with a specific focus on a novel “complement – metabolism – NLRP3 inflammasome axis.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Arbore
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Penha R, Higgins J, Mutamba S, Barrow P, Mahida Y, Foster N. IL-36 receptor is expressed by human blood and intestinal T lymphocytes and is dose-dependently activated via IL-36β and induces CD4+ lymphocyte proliferation. Cytokine 2016; 85:18-25. [PMID: 27269181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We show that IL-36R is expressed by T (CD4+ and CD8+) and B (CD19+) lymphocytes in human blood and also by CD4+ T lymphocytes in the intestinal lamina propria. IL-36R protein was mostly stored in the cytoplasm of CD4 lymphocytes and B cells, during steady state conditions and the greatest expression of IL-36R mRNA was measured in CD4+ (T helper) lymphocytes. IL-36 β, which functions via IL-36R induced rapid and significant (P<0.05) proliferation of CD4+ lymphocytes, within 48h. IL-36R expression was also maintained on the surface of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes which enter the intestinal lamina propria. In conclusion our study is the first to show that (1) all human blood lymphocytes express IL-36R; (2) IL-36R expression is maintained by circulating CD4+ lymphocytes which enter the intestinal lamina propria and (3) IL-36R/IL-36 β induces rapid CD4 lymphocyte proliferation. The possible significance of these results in the context of human disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Penha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - John Higgins
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Shilla Mutamba
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Barrow
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Yashwant Mahida
- The Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Neil Foster
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK.
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20
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Iida S, Tsuda H, Tanaka T, Kish DD, Abe T, Su CA, Abe R, Tanabe K, Valujskikh A, Baldwin WM, Fairchild RL. IL-1 Receptor Signaling on Graft Parenchymal Cells Regulates Memory and De Novo Donor-Reactive CD8 T Cell Responses to Cardiac Allografts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2827-37. [PMID: 26856697 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion of organ allografts induces a potent inflammatory response that directs rapid memory T cell, neutrophil, and macrophage graft infiltration and their activation to express functions mediating graft tissue injury. The role of cardiac allograft IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling in this early inflammation and the downstream primary alloimmune response was investigated. When compared with complete MHC-mismatched wild-type cardiac allografts, IL-1R(-/-) allografts had marked decreases in endogenous memory CD8 T cell and neutrophil infiltration and expression of proinflammatory mediators at early times after transplant, whereas endogenous memory CD4 T cell and macrophage infiltration was not decreased. IL-1R(-/-) allograft recipients also had marked decreases in de novo donor-reactive CD8, but not CD4, T cell development to IFN-γ-producing cells. CD8 T cell-mediated rejection of IL-1R(-/-) cardiac allografts took 3 wk longer than wild-type allografts. Cardiac allografts from reciprocal bone marrow reconstituted IL-1R(-/-)/wild-type chimeric donors indicated that IL-1R signaling on graft nonhematopoietic-derived, but not bone marrow-derived, cells is required for the potent donor-reactive memory and primary CD8 T cell alloimmune responses observed in response to wild-type allografts. These studies implicate IL-1R-mediated signals by allograft parenchymal cells in generating the stimuli-provoking development and elicitation of optimal alloimmune responses to the grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Iida
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Danielle D Kish
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Toyofumi Abe
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Charles A Su
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Ryo Abe
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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21
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Necrosis-Induced Sterile Inflammation Mediated by Interleukin-1α in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144460. [PMID: 26641100 PMCID: PMC4671579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous danger signals released from necrotic cells contribute to retinal inflammation. We have now investigated the effects of necrotic cell extracts prepared from ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ANCE) on the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by healthy ARPE-19 cells. ANCE were prepared by subjection of ARPE-19 cells to freeze-thaw cycles. The release of various cytokines and chemokines from ARPE-19 cells was measured with a multiplex assay system or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The expression of interleukin (IL)–1α and the phosphorylation and degradation of the endogenous nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) inhibitor IκB-α were examined by immunoblot analysis. Among the various cytokines and chemokines examined, we found that ANCE markedly stimulated the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)–1 by ARPE-19 cells. ANCE-induced IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 release was inhibited by IL-1 receptor antagonist and by an IKK2 inhibitor (a blocker of NF-κB signaling) in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not affected by a pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK). Recombinant IL-1α also induced the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 from ARPE-19 cells, and IL-1α was detected in ANCE. Furthermore, ANCE induced the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α in ARPE-19 cells. Our findings thus suggest that IL-1α is an important danger signal that is released from necrotic retinal pigment epithelial cells and triggers proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion from intact cells in a manner dependent on NF-κB signaling. IL-1α is therefore a potential therapeutic target for amelioration of sterile inflammation in the retina.
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22
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Burzynski LC, Humphry M, Bennett MR, Clarke MCH. Interleukin-1α Activity in Necrotic Endothelial Cells Is Controlled by Caspase-1 Cleavage of Interleukin-1 Receptor-2: IMPLICATIONS FOR ALLOGRAFT REJECTION. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25188-96. [PMID: 26324711 PMCID: PMC4599021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.667915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key instigator of the immune responses that drive atherosclerosis and allograft rejection. IL-1α, a powerful cytokine that activates both innate and adaptive immunity, induces vessel inflammation after release from necrotic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Similarly, IL-1α released from endothelial cells (ECs) damaged during transplant drives allograft rejection. However, IL-1α requires cleavage for full cytokine activity, and what controls cleavage in necrotic ECs is currently unknown. We find that ECs have very low levels of IL-1α activity upon necrosis. However, TNFα or IL-1 induces significant levels of active IL-1α in EC necrotic lysates without alteration in protein levels. Increased activity requires cleavage of IL-1α by calpain to the more active mature form. Immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assays show that IL-1α associates with interleukin-1 receptor-2, and this association is decreased by TNFα or IL-1 and requires caspase activity. Thus, TNFα or IL-1 treatment of ECs leads to caspase proteolytic activity that cleaves interleukin-1 receptor-2, allowing IL-1α dissociation and subsequent processing by calpain. Importantly, ECs could be primed by IL-1α from adjacent damaged VSMCs, and necrotic ECs could activate neighboring normal ECs and VSMCs, causing them to release inflammatory cytokines and up-regulate adhesion molecules, thus amplifying inflammation. These data unravel the molecular mechanisms and interplay between damaged ECs and VSMCs that lead to activation of IL-1α and, thus, initiation of adaptive responses that cause graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Burzynski
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Humphry
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Murray C H Clarke
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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EXP CLIN TRANSPLANTExp Clin Transplant 2015; 13. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.mesot2014.o27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Inflammatory arterial diseases differentially affect the compartments of the vessel wall. The intima and adventitia are commonly involved by the disease process, with luminal and microvascular endothelial cells playing a critical role in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes. In contrast, the avascular media is often spared by immune-mediated disorders. Surprisingly, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the predominant and often exclusive cell type of the media, are capable of robust proinflammatory responses to diverse stressors. The multiple cytokines and chemokines produced within the media can profoundly affect macrophage and T cell function, thus amplifying and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. On the other hand, VSMCs and the extracellular matrix that they produce also display significant anti-inflammatory properties. The balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of VSMCs and their extracellular matrix versus the strength of the inciting immunologic events determines the pattern of medial pathology. Limitations on the extent of medial infiltration and injury, defined as medial immunoprivilege, are typically seen in arteriosclerotic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and transplant vasculopathy. Conversely, breakdown of medial immunoprivilege that manifests as more intense leukocytic infiltrates, loss of VSMCs, and destruction of the extracellular matrix architecture is a general feature of certain aneurysmal diseases and vasculitides. In this review, we consider the inflammatory and immune functions of VSMCs and how they may lead to medial immunoprivilege or medial inflammation in arterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tellides
- From the Departments of Surgery (G.T.) and Immunobiology (J.S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (G.T.).
| | - Jordan S Pober
- From the Departments of Surgery (G.T.) and Immunobiology (J.S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (G.T.)
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25
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Abstract
The endothelium provides an essential and selective membrane barrier that regulates the movement of water, solutes, gases, macromolecules and the cellular elements of the blood from the tissue compartment in health and disease. Its structure and continuous function is essential for life for all vertebrate organisms. Recent evidence indicates that the endothelial surface does not have a passive role in systemic inflammatory states such as septic shock. In fact, endothelial cells are in dynamic equilibrium with a myriad of inflammatory mediators and elements of the innate immune and coagulation systems to orchestrate the host response in sepsis. The barrier function of the endothelial surface is almost uniformly impaired in septic shock, and it is likely that this contributes to adverse outcomes. In this review, we will highlight recent advances in the understanding of the signalling events that regulate endothelial function and molecular events that induce endothelial dysfunction in sepsis. Endothelial barrier repair strategies as a treatment for sepsis include modulation of C5a, high-mobility group box 1 and VEGF receptor 2; stimulation of angiopoietin-1, sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1 and Slit; and a number of other innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Opal
- Infectious Disease Division, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, RI, USA
| | - T van der Poll
- Academic Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases & The Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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Gabay C, Towne JE. Regulation and function of interleukin-36 cytokines in homeostasis and pathological conditions. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:645-52. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ri1014-495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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27
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Ramadan A, Paczesny S. Various forms of tissue damage and danger signals following hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:14. [PMID: 25674088 PMCID: PMC4309199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is the most potent curative therapy for many malignant and non-malignant disorders. Unfortunately, a major complication of HSCT is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which is mediated by tissue damage resulting from the conditioning regimens before the transplantation and the alloreaction of dual immune components (activated donor T-cells and recipient’s antigen-presenting cells). This tissue damage leads to the release of alarmins and the triggering of pathogen-recognition receptors that activate the innate immune system and subsequently the adaptive immune system. Alarmins, which are of endogenous origin, together with the exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) elicit similar responses of danger signals and represent the group of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Effector cells of innate and adaptive immunity that are activated by PAMPs or alarmins can secrete other alarmins and amplify the immune responses. These complex interactions and loops between alarmins and PAMPs are particularly potent at inducing and then aggravating the GVHD reaction. In this review, we highlight the role of these tissue damaging molecules and their signaling pathways. Interestingly, some DAMPs and PAMPs are organ specific and GVHD-induced and have been shown to be interesting biomarkers. Some of these molecules may represent potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraouf Ramadan
- Department of Pediatrics, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN , USA
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Pediatrics, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University , Indianapolis, IN , USA
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28
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von Rossum A, Laher I, Choy JC. Immune-mediated vascular injury and dysfunction in transplant arteriosclerosis. Front Immunol 2015; 5:684. [PMID: 25628623 PMCID: PMC4290675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is the only treatment for end-stage organ failure but this life-saving procedure is limited by immune-mediated rejection of most grafts. Blood vessels within transplanted organs are targeted by the immune system and the resultant vascular damage is a main contributor to acute and chronic graft failure. The vasculature is a unique tissue with specific immunological properties. This review discusses the interactions of the immune system with blood vessels in transplanted organs and how these interactions lead to the development of transplant arteriosclerosis, a leading cause of heart transplant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna von Rossum
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, BC , Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Jonathan C Choy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, BC , Canada
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29
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Gajanayake T, Olariu R, Leclere FM, Dhayani A, Yang Z, Bongoni AK, Banz Y, Constantinescu MA, Karp JM, Vemula PK, Rieben R, Vogelin E. A single localized dose of enzyme-responsive hydrogel improves long-term survival of a vascularized composite allograft. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:249ra110. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Sepsis, a clinical syndrome occurring in patients following infection or injury, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current immunological mechanisms do not explain the basis of cellular dysfunction and organ failure, the ultimate cause of death. Here we review current dogma and argue that it is time to delineate novel immunometabolic and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the altered cellular bioenergetics and failure of epithelial and endothelial barriers that produce organ dysfunction and death. These mechanisms might hold the key to future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford S Deutschman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Surgery and Sepsis Research Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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31
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Pober JS, Jane-wit D, Qin L, Tellides G. Interacting mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1609-14. [PMID: 24903097 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.302818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is the major cause of late graft loss in heart transplant recipients. Histological studies of characteristic end-stage lesions reveal arterial changes consisting of a diffuse, confluent, and concentric intimal expansion containing graft-derived cells expressing smooth muscle markers, extracellular matrix, penetrating microvessels, and a host mononuclear cell infiltrate concentrated subjacent to an intact graft-derived luminal endothelial cell lining with little evidence of acute injury. This intimal expansion combined with inadequate compensatory outward remodeling produces severe generalized stenosis extending throughout the epicardial and intramyocardial arterial tree that causes ischemic graft failure. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy lesions affect ≥50% of transplant recipients and are both progressive and refractory to treatment, resulting in ≈5% graft loss per year through the first 10 years after transplant. Lesions typically stop at the suture line, implicating alloimmunity as the primary driver, but pathogenesis may be multifactorial. Here, we will discuss 6 potential contributors to lesion formation (1) conventional risk factors of atherosclerosis; (2) pre- or peritransplant injuries; (3) infection; (4) innate immunity; (5) T-cell-mediated immunity; and (6) B-cell-mediated immunity through production of donor-specific antibody. Finally, we will consider how these various mechanisms may interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Pober
- From the Departments of Immunobiology (J.S.P.), Internal Medicine (D.J.-w.), and Surgery (L.Q. and G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Dan Jane-wit
- From the Departments of Immunobiology (J.S.P.), Internal Medicine (D.J.-w.), and Surgery (L.Q. and G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- From the Departments of Immunobiology (J.S.P.), Internal Medicine (D.J.-w.), and Surgery (L.Q. and G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - George Tellides
- From the Departments of Immunobiology (J.S.P.), Internal Medicine (D.J.-w.), and Surgery (L.Q. and G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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32
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Han B, Wang S, Li L, Wang Y, Zhao H. Gene expression profiling of rat livers with Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2013; 33:378-83. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Xu P, Wen Z, Shi X, Li Y, Fan L, Xiang M, Li A, Scott MJ, Xiao G, Li S, Billiar TR, Wilson MA, Fan J. Hemorrhagic shock augments Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in the lung through impaired pyrin induction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5247-55. [PMID: 23585683 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) promotes the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ injury by activating and priming the innate immune system for an exaggerated inflammatory response through, as of yet, unclear mechanisms. IL-1β also plays an important role in the development of post-HS systemic inflammatory response syndrome and active IL-1β production is tightly controlled by the inflammasome. Pyrin, a protein of 781 aa with pyrin domain at the N-terminal, negatively regulates inflammasome activation through interaction with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein (NLRP). Expression of pyrin can be induced by LPS and cytokines, and IL-10 is a known potent inducer of pyrin expression in macrophages. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that HS downregulates IL-10 and therefore decreases pyrin expression to promote inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β processing and secretion in the lungs. Our results show that LPS, while activating Nlrp3 inflammasome in the lungs, also induced pyrin expression, which in turn suppressed inflammasome activation. More importantly, LPS-mediated upregulation of IL-10 enhanced pyrin expression, which serves, particularly in later phases, as a potent negative-feedback mechanism regulating inflammasome activation. However, HS-mediated suppression of IL-10 expression in alveolar macrophages attenuated the upregulation of pyrin in alveolar macrophages and lung endothelial cells and thereby significantly enhanced inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in the lungs. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which HS suppresses negative-feedback regulation of Nlrp3 inflammasome to enhance IL-1β secretion in response to subsequent LPS challenge and so primes for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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34
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Wang C, Yi T, Qin L, Maldonado RA, von Andrian UH, Kulkarni S, Tellides G, Pober JS. Rapamycin-treated human endothelial cells preferentially activate allogeneic regulatory T cells. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1677-93. [PMID: 23478407 DOI: 10.1172/jci66204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human graft endothelial cells (ECs) can act as antigen-presenting cells to initiate allograft rejection by host memory T cells. Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor used clinically to suppress T cell responses, also acts on DCs, rendering them tolerogenic. Here, we report the effects of rapamycin on EC alloimmunogenicity. Compared with mock-treated cells, rapamycin-pretreated human ECs (rapa-ECs) stimulated less proliferation and cytokine secretion from allogeneic CD4+ memory cells, an effect mimicked by shRNA knockdown of mTOR or raptor in ECs. The effects of rapamycin persisted for several days and were linked to upregulation of the inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2 on rapa-ECs. Additionally, rapa-ECs produced lower levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. CD4+ memory cells activated by allogeneic rapa-ECs became hyporesponsive to restimulation in an alloantigen-specific manner and contained higher percentages of suppressive CD4+CD25(hi)CD127(lo)FoxP3+ cells that did not produce effector cytokines. In a human-mouse chimeric model of allograft rejection, rapamycin pretreatment of human arterial allografts increased graft EC expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and reduced subsequent infiltration of allogeneic effector T cells into the artery intima and intimal expansion. Preoperative conditioning of allograft ECs with rapamycin could potentially reduce immune-mediated rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8089, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University; Shanghai; China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University; Shanghai; China
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36
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Zheng Y, Humphry M, Maguire JJ, Bennett MR, Clarke MCH. Intracellular interleukin-1 receptor 2 binding prevents cleavage and activity of interleukin-1α, controlling necrosis-induced sterile inflammation. Immunity 2013; 38:285-95. [PMID: 23395675 PMCID: PMC3659285 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis can induce profound inflammation or be clinically silent. However, the mechanisms underlying such tissue specificity are unknown. Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a key danger signal released upon necrosis that exerts effects on both innate and adaptive immunity and is considered to be constitutively active. In contrast, we have shown that necrosis-induced IL-1α activity is tightly controlled in a cell type-specific manner. Most cell types examined expressed a cytosolic IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2) whose binding to pro-IL-1α inhibited its cytokine activity. In cell types exhibiting a silent necrotic phenotype, IL-1R2 remained associated with pro-IL-1α. Cell types possessing inflammatory necrotic phenotypes either lacked IL-1R2 or had activated caspase-1 before necrosis, which degraded and dissociated IL-1R2 from pro-IL-1α. Full IL-1α activity required cleavage by calpain after necrosis, which increased its affinity for IL-1 receptor 1. Thus, we report a cell type-dependent process that fundamentally governs IL-1α activity postnecrosis and the mechanism allowing conditional release of this blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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37
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Alegre ML, Goldstein DR, Chong AS. Toll-like receptor signaling in transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2012; 13:358-65. [PMID: 18685330 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e3283061149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent advances in the role of endogenous and exogenous Toll-like receptor ligands in the activation and inhibition of immune responses in transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS During an alloresponse, Toll-like receptors can be engaged by both damage-induced endogenous ligands or microbial-associated molecular patterns. The damage-induced molecule high mobility group box 1 protein and its binding to Toll-like receptor 4 have been identified as major initiators of antitumor and antitransplant immune responses. Type I interferon signaling plays an important role in the pro-rejection effect mediated by Toll-like receptor agonists and some bacteria. Similar pathways, however, in neonates can result in inhibition rather than activation of alloimmune responses. SUMMARY The consequences of Toll-like receptor engagement by endogenous and exogenous ligands in transplantation may depend on the relative induction of inflammatory and regulatory pathways and the stage of development of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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38
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Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy: overlapping pathways. Transl Res 2012; 160:65-83. [PMID: 22687963 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported on the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth. The exact mechanisms of action are unclear; however, several pathways and processes are involved in both IBD and pregnancy that may help explain this. In this review, we discuss the immune system's T helper cells and human leukocyte antigens, inflammation, its function, and the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and prostaglandins in the inflammatory response. For each of these topics, we consider their involvement in IBD and pregnancy, and we speculate as to how they can lead to preterm birth. Finally, we review briefly corticosteroids, biologic therapies, and immunosuppressants for the treatment of IBD, as well as their safety in use during pregnancy, with special focus on preterm birth.
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39
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Abstract
The presence and persistence of alloantigen is necessary for graft-specific T-cell-mediated immunity. However, specificity comprises only a single facet of an extremely complex process. Evidence is accruing to suggest that immunogenicity could be manipulated by endogenous ligands released during tissue injury. Stress molecules are significantly up-regulated following transplantation and stimulate conserved receptors on a range of leucocytes, including dendritic cells (DCs). The DCs are essential for co-stimulation and the induction of adaptive immunity. Stress signals can act as an adjuvant leading to DC maturation and activation. DCs stimulated by endogens exhibit enhanced alloantigen presentation, co-stimulation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Inflammasomes have a major role in IL-1β/IL-18 production and secretion, and can be stimulated by endogens. Importantly, the polarization toward inflammatory T helper type 17 cells as opposed to regulatory T cells is dependent upon, among other factors, IL-1β. This highlights an important differentiation pathway that may be influenced by endogenous signals. Minimizing graft damage and stress expression should hypothetically be advantageous, and we feel that this area warrants further research, and may provide novel treatment modalities with potential clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Critchley
- The Transplant Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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40
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Serelli-Lee V, Ling KL, Ho C, Yeong LH, Lim GK, Ho B, Wong SBJ. Persistent Helicobacter pylori specific Th17 responses in patients with past H. pylori infection are associated with elevated gastric mucosal IL-1β. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39199. [PMID: 22761739 PMCID: PMC3382622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ongoing Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection triggers a chronic active gastritis. Eradicating HP reduces gastric inflammation, but does not eliminate it. We sought to characterize this persistent gastritis, and demonstrate the persistence of HP-specific Th17 responses in individuals previously infected with HP but who no longer had evidence of ongoing infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Study subjects were divided into 3 groups 55 individuals had active HP infection (group A), 41 were diagnosed with previous HP infection (group P), and 59 were naïve to HP (group N). Blood and gastric tissue were obtained with written informed consent from all subjects, and immune responses were evaluated using flow cytometry, semi-quantitative real time PCR, immunofluorescent staining, ELISA, and multiplex cytometric bead array for cytokine quantification. Elevated IL-17A responses were observed in patients from group A compared to group N. Interestingly, IL-17A responses remained persistently elevated in the blood and gastric mucosa of individuals from group P, despite the absence of ongoing HP infection. Using purified CD4(+) T cells as effectors and antibodies that blocked antigen presentation by MHC Class II, we showed that these persistent IL-17A responses were mediated primarily by HP-specific Th17 cells, rather than other immune cells that have also been described to secrete IL-17A. Gastric mucosal IL-1β levels were also persistently elevated in group P, and neutralisation of IL-1β reduced the HP-specific IL-17A response of purified CD4(+) T cells to autologous HP-pulsed antigen presenting cells in vitro, suggesting a functional association between IL-1β and the persistent Th17 response in group P patients. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Despite lack of ongoing HP infection, HP-specific Th17 cells persist in the blood and gastric mucosa of individuals with past HP infection. We speculate that this persistent inflammation might contribute to gastric mucosal pathology, for example, persistent increased gastric cancer risk despite eradication of HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Serelli-Lee
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Khoon Lin Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Cassandra Ho
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lai Han Yeong
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gek Keow Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bow Ho
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Soon Boon Justin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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41
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Benichou G, Tonsho M, Tocco G, Nadazdin O, Madsen JC. Innate immunity and resistance to tolerogenesis in allotransplantation. Front Immunol 2012; 3:73. [PMID: 22566954 PMCID: PMC3342343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immunosuppressive drugs to control adaptive immune responses has led to the success of transplantation as a therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, these agents are largely ineffective in suppressing components of the innate immune system. This distinction has gained in clinical significance as mounting evidence now indicates that innate immune responses play important roles in the acute and chronic rejection of whole organ allografts. For instance, whereas clinical interest in natural killer (NK) cells was once largely confined to the field of bone marrow transplantation, recent findings suggest that these cells can also participate in the acute rejection of cardiac allografts and prevent tolerance induction. Stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), another important component of innate immunity, by endogenous ligands released in response to ischemia/reperfusion is now known to cause an inflammatory milieu favorable to graft rejection and abrogation of tolerance. Emerging data suggest that activation of complement is linked to acute rejection and interferes with tolerance. In summary, the conventional wisdom that the innate immune system is of little importance in whole organ transplantation is no longer tenable. The addition of strategies that target TLRs, NK cells, complement, and other components of the innate immune system will be necessary to eventually achieve long-term tolerance to human allograft recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Benichou
- Transplant Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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42
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Zheng Y, Gardner SE, Clarke MCH. Cell death, damage-associated molecular patterns, and sterile inflammation in cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 31:2781-6. [PMID: 22096097 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell death and inflammation are ancient processes of fundamental biological importance in both normal physiology and pathology. This is evidenced by the profound conservation of mediators, with ancestral homologues identified from plants to humans, and the number of diseases driven by aberrant control of either process. Apoptosis is the most well-studied cell death, but many forms exist, including autophagy, necrosis, pyroptosis, paraptosis, and the obscure dark cell death. Cell death occurs throughout the cardiovascular system, from initial shaping of the heart and vasculature during development to involvement in pathologies, including atherosclerosis, aneurysm, cardiomyopathy, restenosis, and vascular graft rejection. However, determining whether cell death primarily drives pathology or is a secondary bystander effect is difficult. Inflammation, the primary response of innate immunity, is considered essential in initiating and driving vascular diseases. Cell death and inflammation are inextricably linked with their effectors modulating the other process. Indeed, an evolutionary link between cell death and inflammation occurs at caspase-1 (which activates interleukin-1β), which can induce death by pyroptosis, and is a member of the caspase family vital for apoptosis. This review examines cell death in vascular disease, how it can induce inflammation, and finally the emergence of inflammasomes in vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
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43
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Chen D, Shrivastava S, Ma L, Tham EL, Abrahams J, Coe JD, Scott D, Lechler RI, McVey JH, Dorling A. Inhibition of Thrombin Receptor Signaling on α-Smooth Muscle Actin
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CD34
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Progenitors Leads to Repair After Murine Immune Vascular Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:42-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.239046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daxin Chen
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
| | - Seema Shrivastava
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
| | - Liang Ma
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
| | - El-Li Tham
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
| | - Joel Abrahams
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
| | - J. David Coe
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
| | - Diane Scott
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
| | - John H. McVey
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
| | - Anthony Dorling
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom (D.C., S.S., L.M., E.-L.T., R.I.L., A.D.); Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S.S., J.A., J.D.C., D.S.); Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom (J.H.M.)
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44
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Fogal B, Yi T, Wang C, Rao DA, Lebastchi A, Kulkarni S, Tellides G, Pober JS. Neutralizing IL-6 reduces human arterial allograft rejection by allowing emergence of CD161+ CD4+ regulatory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:6268-80. [PMID: 22084439 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative injuries to an allograft exacerbate graft rejection, which in humans is primarily mediated by effector memory T cells. IL-6 transcripts in human coronary artery segments rapidly increase posttransplantation into immunodeficient mouse hosts compared with those of pretransplant specimens and fall dramatically by 30 d. Adoptive transfer of human PBMCs allogeneic to the artery 2 d postoperatively results in T cell infiltrates and intimal expansion 4 wk later. Ab neutralization of human IL-6 reduces the magnitude of intimal expansion and total T cell infiltration but increases the relative expression of CD161 while decreasing other Th17 markers. Coculture of MHC class II-expressing human endothelial cells (ECs) with allogeneic CD4(+) memory T cells results in T cell activation and EC secretion of IL-6. Neutralizing IL-6 in primary allogeneic T cell-EC cocultures results in enhanced T cell proliferation of CD161(+) CD4(+) T cells, reduces total T cell proliferation upon restimulation in secondary cultures (an effect dependent on CD161(+) T cells), increases expression of FOXP3 in CD161(+) T cells, and generates T cells that suppress proliferation of freshly isolated T cells. These data suggest that IL-6 released from injured allograft vessels enhances allogeneic T cell infiltration and intimal expansion in a model of human allograft rejection by inhibiting an increase in CD161(+) regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Fogal
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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45
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Participation of blood vessel cells in human adaptive immune responses. Trends Immunol 2011; 33:49-57. [PMID: 22030237 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Circulating T cells contact blood vessels either when they extravasate across the walls of microvessels into inflamed tissues or when they enter into the walls of larger vessels in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. The blood vessel wall is largely composed of three cell types: endothelial cells lining the entire vascular tree; pericytes supporting the endothelium of microvessels; and smooth muscle cells forming the bulk of large vessel walls. Each of these cell types interacts with and alters the behavior of infiltrating T cells in different ways, making these cells active participants in the processes of immune-mediated inflammation. In this review, we compare and contrast what is known about the nature of these interactions in humans.
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46
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Xiang M, Shi X, Li Y, Xu J, Yin L, Xiao G, Scott MJ, Billiar TR, Wilson MA, Fan J. Hemorrhagic shock activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in lung endothelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4809-17. [PMID: 21940680 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) due to major trauma and surgery predisposes the host to the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), including acute lung injury (ALI), through activating and exaggerating the innate immune response. IL-1β is a crucial proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to the development of SIRS and ALI. Lung endothelial cells (EC) are one important source of IL-1β, and the production of active IL-1β is controlled by the inflammasome. In this study, we addressed the mechanism underlying HS activation of the inflammasome in lung EC. We show that high mobility group box 1 acting through TLR4, and a synergistic collaboration with TLR2 and receptor for advanced glycation end products signaling, mediates HS-induced activation of EC NAD(P)H oxidase. In turn, reactive oxygen species derived from NAD(P)H oxidase promote the association of thioredoxin-interacting protein with the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein NLRP3 and subsequently induce inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion from the EC. We also show that neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species play a role in enhancing EC NAD(P)H oxidase activation and therefore an amplified inflammasome activation in response to HS. The present study explores a novel mechanism underlying HS activation of EC inflammasome and thus presents a potential therapeutic target for SIRS and ALI induced after HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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47
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Lahat N, Bitterman H, Weiss-Cerem L, Rahat MA. Hypoxia increases membranal and secreted HLA-DR in endothelial cells, rendering them T-cell activators. Transpl Int 2011; 24:1018-26. [PMID: 21806687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation involves preoperative ischemic periods that contribute to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and T-cell activation, leading to graft rejection. As hypoxia is a major constituent of ischemia, we evaluated its effect on the ability of ECs to express HLA-DR, which is required for presentation of antigens to T cells, and by itself serves as an important target for allogeneic T cells. Primary human umbilical vein ECs (HUVEC) and the human endothelial cell line EaHy926 were incubated in normoxia or hypoxia (PO(2) < 0.3%). Hypoxia increased the membranal expression (by 4-6 fold, P < 0.01) and secretion (by sixfold, P < 0.05) of HLA-DR protein, without influencing the accumulation of its mRNA. Alternative splicing, attenuated trafficking, or shedding from the plasma membrane were not observed, but the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 reduced HLA-DR secretion. Hypoxia-induced endothelial HLA-DR elevated and diminished the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10, respectively, from co-cultured allogeneic CD4(+) T cells in a HLA-DR-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the use of monoclonal anti-HLA-DR. Our results indicate a yet not fully understood post-translational mechanism(s), which elevate both membranal and soluble HLA-DR expression. This elevation is involved in allogeneic T-cell activation, highlighting the pivotal role of ECs in ischemia/hypoxia-associated injury and graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitza Lahat
- Immunology Research Unit, Carmel Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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48
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Kang MH, Kim MK, Lee HJ, Lee HI, Wee WR, Lee JH. Interleukin-17 in various ocular surface inflammatory diseases. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:938-44. [PMID: 21738349 PMCID: PMC3124726 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the association of Th-17 cells or IL-17 with ocular inflammatory diseases such as uveitis, scleritis and dry eye syndrome was discovered. We assessed whether interleukin (IL)-17 was present in the tears of various ocular surface inflammatory diseases and the tear IL-17 concentrations were clinically correlated with various ocular surface inflammatory diseases. We measured concentrations of IL-17 in tears of normal subjects (n = 28) and patients (n = 141) with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), dry eye syndrome (DES), Sjögren syndrome (SS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), filamentary keratitis, and autoimmune keratitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical epitheliopathy scores were based on the surface area of corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining. The mean concentrations of IL-17 in tears of patients with filamentary keratitis, GVHD, autoimmune keratitis, SS, DES, MGD, SJS were significantly higher in order than that in normal subjects. Tear IL-17 concentration was significantly correlated with clinical epitheilopathy scores in the patients with systemic inflammatory disease, while tear IL-17 was not correlated with clinical severity of the cornea and conjunctiva in the dry eye patients without any systemic inflammatory disease. Tear IL-17 is likely to correlate clinically with corneal disease severity only in the patients with systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
- Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Won Ryang Wee
- Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hak Lee
- Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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49
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Escalante NK, von Rossum A, Lee M, Choy JC. CD155 on Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Attenuates the Acquisition of Effector Functions in CD8 T Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1177-84. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
CD155 is a cell surface protein that has recently been described to exert immune regulatory functions. We have characterized the expression of CD155 on human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and examined its role in the regulation of T-cell activation.
Methods and Results—
CD155 was expressed on resting human vascular ECs and was upregulated in an interferon-γ (IFNγ)–dependent manner. When the function of CD155 in regulating T-cell activation was examined, antibody-mediated neutralization of CD155 did not affect CD8 T-cell proliferation in response to stimulation with ECs. However, neutralization of CD155 activity or small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of CD155 expression in ECs increased expression of IFNγ and cytotoxic effector function in activated CD8 T cells.
Conclusion—
CD155 is an IFNγ-inducible immune regulatory protein on the surface of human ECs that attenuates the acquisition of effector functions in CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole K. Escalante
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna von Rossum
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Lee
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan C. Choy
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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50
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Zhang XJ, Kang YD, Xiao L, Li RD, Ding GS, Wang ZX, Fu ZR. Effects and mechanisms of tacrolimus on development of murine Th17 cells. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:3779-83. [PMID: 21094856 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (Tac, FK506) is a widely used T-cell-targeted immunosuppression drug known as a calcineurin inhibitor. However, its pharmacologic effects on T-helper type 17 (Th17) cells have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that Tac inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and proliferation, and expression of IL-17 messenger RNA. The proposed mechanism is that Tac inhibits calcineurin and T-cell receptor stimulation-induced cell division. Because Th17 cells participate in allograft rejection, the results of the present study suggest a novel model of immunosuppression effects of Tac. In addition, they provide further implications for the therapeutic immunosuppression effects of Tac on allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-J Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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