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Weiss A, D'Amata C, Pearson BJ, Hayes MN. A syngeneic spontaneous zebrafish model of tp53-deficient, EGFR vIII, and PI3KCA H1047R-driven glioblastoma reveals inhibitory roles for inflammation during tumor initiation and relapse in vivo. eLife 2024; 13:RP93077. [PMID: 39052000 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
High-throughput vertebrate animal model systems for the study of patient-specific biology and new therapeutic approaches for aggressive brain tumors are currently lacking, and new approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, to build a patient-relevant in vivo model of human glioblastoma, we expressed common oncogenic variants including activated human EGFRvIII and PI3KCAH1047R under the control of the radial glial-specific promoter her4.1 in syngeneic tp53 loss-of-function mutant zebrafish. Robust tumor formation was observed prior to 45 days of life, and tumors had a gene expression signature similar to human glioblastoma of the mesenchymal subtype, with a strong inflammatory component. Within early stage tumor lesions, and in an in vivo and endogenous tumor microenvironment, we visualized infiltration of phagocytic cells, as well as internalization of tumor cells by mpeg1.1:EGFP+ microglia/macrophages, suggesting negative regulatory pressure by pro-inflammatory cell types on tumor growth at early stages of glioblastoma initiation. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting of master inflammatory transcription factors irf7 or irf8 led to increased tumor formation in the primary context, while suppression of phagocyte activity led to enhanced tumor cell engraftment following transplantation into otherwise immune-competent zebrafish hosts. Altogether, we developed a genetically relevant model of aggressive human glioblastoma and harnessed the unique advantages of zebrafish including live imaging, high-throughput genetic and chemical manipulations to highlight important tumor-suppressive roles for the innate immune system on glioblastoma initiation, with important future opportunities for therapeutic discovery and optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Weiss
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cassandra D'Amata
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bret J Pearson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Madeline N Hayes
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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2
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Zhang L, Wu Z, Qiu X, Zhang J, Cheng SC. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 is dispensable in macrophage differentiation and anti-pathogen response. Commun Biol 2024; 7:817. [PMID: 38965342 PMCID: PMC11224350 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune response against pathogens. While the intricate interplay between macrophage activation and metabolism remains a subject of intense investigation, the role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (Got1) in this context has not been extensively assessed. Here, we investigate the impact of Got1 on macrophage polarization and function, shedding light on its role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, pathogen defense, and immune paralysis. Using genetically modified mouse models, including both myeloid specific knockout and overexpression, we comprehensively demonstrate that Got1 depletion leads to reduced ROS production in macrophages. Intriguingly, this impairment in ROS generation does not affect the resistance of Got1 KO mice to pathogenic challenges. Furthermore, Got1 is dispensable for M2 macrophage differentiation and does not influence the onset of LPS-induced immune paralysis. Our findings underscore the intricate facets of macrophage responses, suggesting that Got1 is dispensable in discrete immunological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhengyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xuanhui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shih-Chin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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3
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Zhao C, Xiao R, Jin H, Li X. The immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma featured with ground-glass nodules. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:1459-1470. [PMID: 38923346 PMCID: PMC11219292 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-stage lung cancer is now more commonly identified in the form of ground-glass nodules (GGNs). Presently, the treatment of lung cancer with GGNs mainly depends on surgery; however, issues still exist such as overtreatment and delayed treatment due to the nonuniform standard of follow-up. Therefore, the discovery of a noninvasive treatment could expand the treatment repertoire of ground-glass nodular lung cancer and benefit the prognosis of patients. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a new promising approach in the field of lung cancer treatment. Thus, this study presents a comprehensive review of the immune microenvironment of lung cancer with GGNs and describes the functions and characteristics of various immune cells involved, aiming to provide guidance for the clinical identification of novel immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtai Zhao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Rongxin Xiao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hongming Jin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
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4
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Audun Klingen T, Chen Y, Aas H, Akslen LA. DDR2 expression in breast cancer is associated with blood vessel invasion, basal-like tumors, tumor associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, detection mode and prognosis. Hum Pathol 2024; 150:29-35. [PMID: 38914168 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase for collagen, stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stiffness in breast cancer. Here, we investigated levels of DDR2 in breast tumor cells in relation to vascular invasion, TIL subsets, macrophages, molecular tumor subtypes, modes of detection and prognosis. This retrospective, population-based series of invasive breast carcinomas from the Norwegian Screening Program in Vestfold County (Norway), period 2004-2009, included 200 screening patients and 82 cases detected in screening intervals. DDR2 was examined on core needle biopsies using a semi-quantitative, immunohistochemical staining index and dichotomized as low or high DDR2 expression. Counts of macrophages and TIL subsets were dichotomized based on immunohistochemistry using TMA. We also recorded blood or lymphatic vessel invasion (BVI or LVI) as present or absent by immunohistochemistry. High expression of DDR2 in tumor cells showed significant relation with high counts of CD163+ macrophages (p < 0.001) and FOXP3 TILs (p = 0.011), presence of BVI (p = 0.028), high tumor cell proliferation by Ki67 (p = 0.033), ER negativity (p = 0.001), triple-negative cases (p = 0.038), basal-like features (p < 0.001) as well as interval detection (p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, high DDR2 expression was related to reduced recurrence-free survival (HR, 2.3, p = 0.017), when examined together with histologic grading, lymph node assessment, tumor diameter, BVI, and molecular tumor subtype. This study supports a link between high DDR2 expression, high counts of macrophages by CD163 (tumor associated) and regulatory T cells by FOXP3 together with the presence of BVI, possibly indicating increased tumor motility and intravasation in aggressive breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Audun Klingen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway.
| | - Ying Chen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of pathology, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Norway.
| | - Hans Aas
- Department of Surgery, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway.
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
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5
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Dai L, Fan G, Xie T, Li L, Tang L, Chen H, Shi Y, Han X. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal a high glycolysis B cell and tumor-associated macrophages cluster correlated with poor prognosis and exhausted immune microenvironment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Biomark Res 2024; 12:58. [PMID: 38840205 PMCID: PMC11155084 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by varied responses to treatment and prognoses. Understanding the metabolic characteristics driving DLBCL progression is crucial for developing personalized therapies. METHODS This study utilized multiple omics technologies including single-cell transcriptomics (n = 5), bulk transcriptomics (n = 966), spatial transcriptomics (n = 10), immunohistochemistry (n = 34), multiple immunofluorescence (n = 20) and to elucidate the metabolic features of highly malignant DLBCL cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), along with their associated tumor microenvironment. Metabolic pathway analysis facilitated by scMetabolism, and integrated analysis via hdWGCNA, identified glycolysis genes correlating with malignancy, and the prognostic value of glycolysis genes (STMN1, ENO1, PKM, and CDK1) and TAMs were verified. RESULTS High-glycolysis malignant DLBCL tissues exhibited an immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by abundant IFN_TAMs (CD68+CXCL10+PD-L1+) and diminished CD8+ T cell infiltration. Glycolysis genes were positively correlated with malignancy degree. IFN_TAMs exhibited high glycolysis activity and closely communicating with high-malignancy DLBCL cells identified within datasets. The glycolysis score, evaluated by seven genes, emerged as an independent prognostic factor (HR = 1.796, 95% CI: 1.077-2.995, p = 0.025 and HR = 2.631, 95% CI: 1.207-5.735, p = 0.015) along with IFN_TAMs were positively correlated with poor survival (p < 0.05) in DLBCL. Immunohistochemical validation of glycolysis markers (STMN1, ENO1, PKM, and CDK1) and multiple immunofluorescence validation of IFN_TAMs underscored their prognostic value (p < 0.05) in DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the significance of glycolysis in tumor progression and modulation of the immune microenvironment. The identified glycolysis genes and IFN_TAMs represent potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Dai
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guangyu Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tongji Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Le Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haizhu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Petrik J, Lauks S, Garlisi B, Lawler J. Thrombospondins in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:3-11. [PMID: 37286406 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many cancers begin with the formation of a small nest of transformed cells that can remain dormant for years. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) initially promotes dormancy by suppressing angiogenesis, a key early step in tumor progression. Over time, increases in drivers of angiogenesis predominate, and vascular cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts are recruited to the tumor mass forming a complex tissue, designated the tumor microenvironment. Numerous factors, including growth factors, chemokine/cytokine, and extracellular matrix, participate in the desmoplastic response that in many ways mimics wound healing. Vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, and cancer-associated pericytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and immune cells are recruited to the tumor microenvironment, where multiple members of the TSP gene family promote their proliferation, migration and invasion. The TSPs also affect the immune signature of tumor tissue and the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages. Consistent with these observations, expression of some TSPs has been established to correlate with poor outcomes in specific types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Sylvia Lauks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Garlisi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jack Lawler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel, Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Chen Z, Yang S, Zhao Z, Feng L, Sheng J, Deng R, Wang B, He Y, Luo D, Chen M, Chen L, Chang K. Smart Tumor Cell-Derived DNA Nano-Tree Assembly for On-Demand Macrophages Reprogramming. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307188. [PMID: 38145350 PMCID: PMC10933644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Without coordinated strategies to balance the population and activity of tumor cells and polarized macrophages, antitumor immunotherapy generally offers limited clinical benefits. Inspired by the "eat me" signal, a smart tumor cell-derived proximity anchored non-linear hybridization chain reaction (Panel-HCR) strategy is established for on-demand regulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The Panel-HCR is composed of a recognition-then-assembly module and a release-then-regulation module. Upon recognizing tumor cells, a DNA nano-tree is assembled on the tumor cell surface and byproduct strands loaded with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are released depending on the tumor cell concentration. The on-demand release of CpG-ODNs can achieve efficient regulation of M2 TAMs into the M1 phenotype. Throughout the recognition-then-assembly process, tumor cell-targeted bioimaging is implemented in single cells, fixed tissues, and living mice. Afterward, the on-demand release of CpG-ODNs regulate the transformation of M2 TAMs into the M1 phenotype by stimulating toll-like receptor 9 to activate the NF-κB pathway and increasing inflammatory cytokines. This release-then-regulation process is verified to induce strong antitumor immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, this proposed strategy holds tremendous promise for on-demand antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Zhuyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Jing Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Ruijia Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Binpan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853‐5701USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba DistrictChongqing400038China
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Kalyvianaki K, Salampasi EM, Katsoulieris EN, Boukla E, Vogiatzoglou AP, Notas G, Castanas E, Kampa M. 5-Oxo-ETE/OXER1: A Link between Tumor Cells and Macrophages Leading to Regulation of Migration. Molecules 2023; 29:224. [PMID: 38202807 PMCID: PMC10780139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important factor in the development of cancer. Macrophages found in tumors, known as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), are key players in this process, promoting tumor growth through humoral and cellular mechanisms. 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), an arachidonic acid metabolite, has been described to possess a potent chemoattractant activity for human white blood cells (WBCs). The biological actions of 5-oxo-ETE are mediated through the GPCR 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid receptor (OXER1). In addition, we have previously reported OXER1 as one of the membrane androgen receptors with testosterone antagonizing 5-oxo-ETE's actions. OXER1 is highly expressed in inflammatory cells and many normal and cancer tissues and cells, including prostate and breast cancer, promoting cancer cell survival. In the present study we investigate the expression and role of OXER1 in WBCs, THP-1 monocytes, and THP-1 derived macrophages, as well as its possible role in the interaction between macrophages and cancer cells (DU-145 and T47D). We report that OXER1 is differentially expressed between WBCs and macrophages and that receptor expression is modified by LPS treatment. Our results show that testosterone and 5-oxo-ETE can act in an antagonistic way affecting Ca2+ movements, migration, and cytokines' expression in immune-related cells, in a differentiation-dependent manner. Finally, we report that 5-oxo-ETE, through OXER1, can attract macrophages to the tumor site while tumor cells' OXER1 activation in DU-145 prostate and T47D breast cancer cells, by macrophages, induces actin cytoskeletal changes and increases their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (K.K.); (E.M.S.); (E.N.K.); (E.B.); (A.P.V.); (G.N.)
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (K.K.); (E.M.S.); (E.N.K.); (E.B.); (A.P.V.); (G.N.)
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9
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Abou Khouzam R, Janji B, Thiery J, Zaarour RF, Chamseddine AN, Mayr H, Savagner P, Kieda C, Gad S, Buart S, Lehn JM, Limani P, Chouaib S. Hypoxia as a potential inducer of immune tolerance, tumor plasticity and a driver of tumor mutational burden: Impact on cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:104-123. [PMID: 38029865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In cancer patients, immune cells are often functionally compromised due to the immunosuppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) which contribute to the failures in cancer therapies. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that developing tumors adapt to the immunological environment and create a local microenvironment that impairs immune function by inducing immune tolerance and invasion. In this context, microenvironmental hypoxia, which is an established hallmark of solid tumors, significantly contributes to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance through the induction of tumor plasticity/heterogeneity and, more importantly, through the differentiation and expansion of immune-suppressive stromal cells. We and others have provided evidence indicating that hypoxia also drives genomic instability in cancer cells and interferes with DNA damage response and repair suggesting that hypoxia could be a potential driver of tumor mutational burden. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on how hypoxic stress in the TME impacts tumor angiogenesis, heterogeneity, plasticity, and immune resistance, with a special interest in tumor immunogenicity and hypoxia targeting. An integrated understanding of the complexity of the effect of hypoxia on the immune and microenvironmental components could lead to the identification of better adapted and more effective combinational strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Clearly, the discovery and validation of therapeutic targets derived from the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is of major importance and the identification of critical hypoxia-associated pathways could generate targets that are undeniably attractive for combined cancer immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raefa Abou Khouzam
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bassam Janji
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, 6A, rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg city, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Rania Faouzi Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ali N Chamseddine
- Gastroenterology Department, Cochin University Hospital, Université de Paris, APHP, Paris, France; Ambroise Paré - Hartmann Private Hospital Group, Oncology Unit, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Hemma Mayr
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Savagner
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; Centre for Molecular Biophysics, UPR 4301 CNRS, 45071 Orleans, France; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sophie Gad
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres University (PSL), 75014 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 9019, Genome Integrity and Cancers, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Stéphanie Buart
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Perparim Limani
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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10
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Gu Z, da Silva CG, Ma S, Liu Q, Schomann T, Ossendorp F, Cruz LJ. Dual-Targeting Nanoliposome Improves Proinflammatory Immunomodulation of the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2302046. [PMID: 37605325 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints have revolutionized cancer treatment by normalizing the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors and reducing adverse effects on the immune system. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors have garnered attention as a promising therapeutic agent for cancer. However, their application alone has shown limited clinical benefits. Cabozantinib, a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, holds immunomodulatory potential by promoting infiltration and activation of effector cells and inhibiting suppressive immune cells. Despite its potential, cabozantinib as a monotherapy has shown limited efficacy in terms of objective response rate. In this study, IDO-IN-7 and cabozantinib are coencapsulated into liposomes to enhance tumor accumulation and minimize adverse effects. The liposomal combination exhibits potent cytotoxicity and inhibits the function of IDO enzyme. Furthermore, the dual-targeted treatment effectively inhibits tumor development and reverses the suppressive tumor microenvironment by regulating both adaptive and innate branch of immune system. This is evidenced by pronounced infiltration of T cells and B cells, a decrease of regulatory T lymphocytes, a shift to a proinflammatory phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages, and increases levels of neutrophils. This is the first developed of a liposome-delivered combination of IDO inhibitors and cabozantinib, and holds great potential for future clinical application as a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Gu
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Candido G da Silva
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Timo Schomann
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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11
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Frank ASJ, Larripa K, Ryu H, Röblitz S. Macrophage phenotype transitions in a stochastic gene-regulatory network model. J Theor Biol 2023; 575:111634. [PMID: 37839584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Polarization is the process by which a macrophage cell commits to a phenotype based on external signal stimulation. To know how this process is affected by random fluctuations and events within a cell is of utmost importance to better understand the underlying dynamics and predict possible phenotype transitions. For this purpose, we develop a stochastic modeling approach for the macrophage polarization process. We classify phenotype states using the Robust Perron Cluster Analysis and quantify transition pathways and probabilities by applying Transition Path Theory. Depending on the model parameters, we identify four bistable and one tristable phenotype configuration. We find that bistable transitions are fast but their states less robust. In contrast, phenotype transitions in the tristable situation have a comparatively long time duration, which reflects the robustness of the states. The results indicate parallels in the overall transition behavior of macrophage cells with other heterogeneous and plastic cell types, such as cancer cells. Our approach allows for a probabilistic interpretation of macrophage phenotype transitions and biological inference on phenotype robustness. In general, the methodology can easily be adapted to other systems where random state switches are known to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamila Larripa
- Department of Mathematics, California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Arcata, CA, USA.
| | - Hwayeon Ryu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA.
| | - Susanna Röblitz
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Kwantwi LB. Overcoming anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade resistance: the role of macrophage, neutrophils and mast cells in the tumor microenvironment. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3077-3091. [PMID: 37022584 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has become a game changer in cancer treatment following the unprecedented response rate. Regardless of the substantial therapy efficacy across various cancer types, some patients do not still respond to these therapies, indicating that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance is highly important. To overcome such resistance, the tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms have been focused and several suppressor cell populations in the tumor microenvironment have been identified. Among these cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells are known to play key roles in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance. Hence, gaining control over these innate immune cells can open opportunities for breaking tumor resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, a summary of the role of macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance has been described. Also, strategies to overcome their therapeutic resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boafo Kwantwi
- Department of Medical Imaging Sciences, Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences, Accra, DTD. TDC, 30A Klagon, Com. 19, Tema, Ghana.
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13
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Shikanai S, Yamada N, Yanagawa N, Sugai M, Osakabe M, Saito H, Maemondo M, Sugai T. Prognostic Impact of Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Related Markers in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Lung. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:7527-7537. [PMID: 37280312 PMCID: PMC10562267 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage polarization is an important pathogenetic factor in neoplastic diseases. Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (phospho-STAT1) regulates the M1 phenotype, and c-Maf regulates the M2 phenotype. However, the role of macrophage phenotype in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined whether the density of M1 and M2 macrophages was associated with prognosis in patients with LAD using double-labeling immunohistochemistry. In addition, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was investigated. Immune cells coexpressing CD68 and phospho-STAT1 were considered M1 macrophages, whereas those coexpressing CD68 and c-Maf were recognized as M2 macrophages. Patients with LAD (N = 307) were divided into two cohorts (n = 100 and n = 207) to evaluate the associations of M1 and M2 phenotypes with prognosis in patients with LAD. We determined the cut-off values of CD68/phospho-STAT1-positive cells and CD68/c-Maf-positive cells to assess correlations with overall survival (OS) using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the first cohort. RESULTS According to the cut-off values of 5 or less CD68/phospho-STAT1-positive cells and more than 11 CD68/c-Maf-positive cells, high expression of CD68/c-Maf and low expression of CD68/Phospho-STAT1 were identified as independent prognostic markers for OS and disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, the M1/M2 ratio (0.19 or less) was a poor prognostic factor for OS and DFS. However, PD-L1 expression did not correlate with patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings suggest that double immunostaining of markers of phospho-STAT1 (M1) and c-Maf (M2) can be used as prognostic indicators for patients with LAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Shikanai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yamada
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Mayu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Hajime Saito
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Makoto Maemondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan.
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14
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Chen L, Alabdullah M, Mahnke K. Adenosine, bridging chronic inflammation and tumor growth. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258637. [PMID: 38022572 PMCID: PMC10643868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) is a well-known immunosuppressive agent that may be released or generated extracellularly by cells, via degrading ATP by the sequential actions of the ectonucleotides CD39 and CD73. During inflammation Ado is produced by leukocytes and tissue cells by different means to initiate the healing phase. Ado downregulates the activation and the effector functions of different leukocyte (sub-) populations and stimulates proliferation of fibroblasts for re-establishment of intact tissues. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory actions of Ado are already intrinsically triggered during each episode of inflammation. These tissue-regenerating and inflammation-tempering purposes of Ado can become counterproductive. In chronic inflammation, it is possible that Ado-driven anti-inflammatory actions sustain the inflammation and prevent the final clearance of the tissues from possible pathogens. These chronic infections are characterized by increased tissue damage, remodeling and accumulating DNA damage, and are thus prone for tumor formation. Developing tumors may further enhance immunosuppressive actions by producing Ado by themselves, or by "hijacking" CD39+/CD73+ cells that had already developed during chronic inflammation. This review describes different and mostly convergent mechanisms of how Ado-induced immune suppression, initially induced in inflammation, can lead to tumor formation and outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Roshani M, Molavizadeh D, Sadeghi S, Jafari A, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Ahmadi Asouri S, Rajabi A, Hamblin MR, Anoushirvani AA, Mirzaei H. Emerging roles of miR-145 in gastrointestinal cancers: A new paradigm. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115264. [PMID: 37619484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas are a group of cancers affecting the GI tract and digestive organs, such as the gastric, liver, bile ducts, pancreas, small intestine, esophagus, colon, and rectum. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are involved in regulating the expression of multiple target genes; mainly at the post-transcriptional level, via complementary binding to their 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs have critical roles in modulating of various physiological and pathological cellular processes and regulating the occurrence and development of human malignancies. Among them, miR-145 is recognized for its anti-oncogenic properties in various cancers, including GI cancers. MiR-145 has been implicated in diverse biological processes of cancers through the regulation of target genes or signaling, including, proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review, we have summarized the role of miR-145 in selected GI cancers and also its downstream molecules and cellular processes targets, which could lead to a better understanding of the miR-145 in these cancers. In conclusion, we reveal the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of miR-145 in GI cancer, and hope to provide new ideas for its application as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Molavizadeh
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for BasicSciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Yang L, Han P, Cui T, Miao Y, Zhao T, Cui Z, Chen Y, Chi H, Zhang J, Zhang Y. M2 macrophage inhibits the antitumor effects of Lenvatinib on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251648. [PMID: 37809069 PMCID: PMC10556255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The relationship between the tumor microenvironment and the network of key signaling pathways in cancer plays a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. Macrophages in malignant tumors, mainly the M2 subtype, promote tumor progression by producing cytokines and down-regulating anti-inflammatory immune responses. Several articles have investigated the effect of macrophages on the sensitivity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, but few such articles have been reported in cholangiocarcinoma, so we investigated the effect of M2 macrophage on the sensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells to Lenvatinib compared to M1. Methods THP-1 monocytes were polarized to M0 macrophage by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and then induced to differentiate into M1 and M2 macrophages by LPS, IFN-γ and IL-4 and IL-13, respectively. Macrophages and cholangiocarcinoma cells were co-cultured prior to 24 hours of Lenvatinib administration, cancer cell apoptosis was detected by western-blot, FACS analysis of Annexin V and PI staining. Furthermore, we use xCELLigence RTCA SP Instrument (ACEA Bio-sciences) to monitor cell viability of Lenvatinib administration in co-culture of cholangiocarcinoma cells and macrophages. After tumorigenesis in immunodeficient mice, Lenvatinib was administered, and the effects of M2 on biological characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma cells were investigated by immuno-histochemistry. Results mRNA and protein expression of M1 and M2 markers confirmed the polarization of THP-1 derived macrophages, which provided a successful and efficient model of monocyte polarization to TAMs. Lenvatinib-induced apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells was significantly reduced when co-cultured with M2 macrophage, whereas apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells co-cultured with M1 macrophage was increased. In the CDX model, Lenvatinib-induced cancer cell apoptosis was markedly reduced, and proliferative cells increased in the presence of M2 macrophages. Angiogenesis related factors was significantly increased in cholangiocarcinoma cells co-cultured with M2. Conclusion Compared with M1, M2 macrophages can inhibit the anti-tumor effect of Lenvatinib on cholangiocarcinoma through immune regulation, which may be related to the tumor angiogenesis factor effect of M2 macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pinsheng Han
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
- Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Zilin Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jieying Zhang
- Department of Tuina, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Tuina, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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17
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Zhang W, Xu L, Zhang X, Xu J, Jin JO. Escherichia coli adhesion portion FimH polarizes M2 macrophages to M1 macrophages in tumor microenvironment via toll-like receptor 4. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213467. [PMID: 37720226 PMCID: PMC10502728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages are key effector cells of innate immunity and play a critical role in the immune balance of disease pathogenesis, especially in the tumor microenvironment. In previous studies, we showed that FimH, an Escherichia coli adhesion portion, promoted dendritic cell activation. However, the effect of FimH in macrophage polarization has yet to be fully examined. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of FimH on macrophages, as well as the polarization from M2 to M1 macrophages, contributing to the overall antitumor effect. Methods Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages were generated to test the effect of FimH in vitro. The expression of costimulatory molecules and production of cytokines were analyzed. The effect of FimH in the tumor-associated macrophages was examine in the B16F10-tumor bearing C57BL/6. Results FimH was found to promote M1 macrophage activation. In addition, FimH polarized M2 macrophages, which were induced by interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 into M1 macrophages were dependent on toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2. Moreover, FimH reprogramed the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) into M1 macrophages in B16 melanoma tumor-bearing mice and promoted an inflammatory reaction in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, FimH promoted M1 macrophage activation, as well as the reversion of M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages in humans. Finally, FimH treatment was found to enhance the anti-cancer immunity of anti-PD-L1 antibody by the induction of M1 polarization from TAM. Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential effect of FimH on the activation of macrophages, responsible for the repolarization of M2 macrophages into the M1 phenotype via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Moreover, FimH could also reprogram TAM polarization to the M1 status in the TME, as well as enhance the anti-tumor activity of immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- The Laboratory for Immunotherapy, Clinical Center for BioTherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- The Laboratory for Immunotherapy, Clinical Center for BioTherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Dpartment of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Liu C, Song Y, Li D, Wang B. Regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment by the Hippo Pathway: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110586. [PMID: 37393838 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a dynamic and complex ecosystem consisting of immune cells, stromal cells, and tumor cells. It plays a crucial role in shaping cancer progression and treatment outcomes. Notably, tumor-associated immune cells are key regulators within the TIME, influencing immune responses and therapeutic efficacy. The Hippo pathway is a critical signaling pathway involved in the TIME and cancer progression. In this review, we provide an overview of the Hippo pathway's role in the TIME, focusing on its interactions with immune cells and their implications in cancer biology and therapy. Specifically, we discuss the involvement of the Hippo pathway in regulating T-cell function, macrophage polarization, B-cell differentiation, MDSC activity, and dendritic cell-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, we explore its influence on PD-L1 expression in lymphocytes and its potential as a therapeutic target. While recent progress has been made in understanding the Hippo pathway's molecular mechanisms, challenges remain in deciphering its context-dependent effects in different cancers and identifying predictive biomarkers for targeted therapies. By elucidating the intricate crosstalk between the Hippo pathway and the TME, we aim to contribute to the development of innovative strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Yang Song
- Geriatrics Center, Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China.
| | - DeMing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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19
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Ren J, Xu B, Ren J, Liu Z, Cai L, Zhang X, Wang W, Li S, Jin L, Ding L. The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1269. [PMID: 37759870 PMCID: PMC10526262 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma, with a poor prognosis and no effective treatment because of its high invasiveness, metabolic rate, and heterogeneity. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which play a critical role in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and indirectly promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment. TAM is divided into tumor-suppressive M1-like (classic activation of macrophages) and tumor-supportive M2-like (alternatively activated macrophages) polarized cells. TAMs exhibit an M1-like phenotype in the initial stages of tumor progression, and along with the promotion of lysing tumors and the functions of T cells and NK cells, tumor growth is suppressed, and they rapidly transform into M2-like polarized macrophages, which promote tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanism by which M1- and M2-polarized macrophages promote or inhibit the growth of glioblastoma and indicate the future directions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbin Ren
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Bangjie Xu
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Jianghao Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lingyu Cai
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Shaoxun Li
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Luhao Jin
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
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20
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Prat M, Coulson K, Blot C, Jacquemin G, Romano M, Renoud ML, AlaEddine M, Le Naour A, Authier H, Rahabi MC, Benmoussa K, Salon M, Parny M, Delord JP, Ferron G, Lefèvre L, Couderc B, Coste A. PPARγ activation modulates the balance of peritoneal macrophage populations to suppress ovarian tumor growth and tumor-induced immunosuppression. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007031. [PMID: 37586764 PMCID: PMC10432661 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian adenocarcinoma (OVAD) frequently metastasizes to the peritoneal cavity and manifests by the formation of ascites, which constitutes a tumor-promoting microenvironment. In the peritoneal cavity, two developmentally, phenotypically and functionally distinct macrophage subsets, immunocompetent large peritoneal macrophages (LPM) and immunosuppressive small peritoneal macrophages (SPM), coexist. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a critical factor participating in macrophage differentiation and cooperates with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor essential for SPM-to-LPM differentiation, PPARγ could be also involved in the regulation of SPM/LPM balance and could be a promising therapeutic target. METHODS To evaluate the 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), a PPARγ endogenous ligand, impact on ovarian tumor growth, we intraperitoneally injected 15(S)-HETE into a murine ovarian cancer model. This experimental model consists in the intraperitoneally injection of ID8 cells expressing luciferase into syngeneic C57BL/6 female mice. This ID8 orthotopic mouse model is a well-established experimental model of end-stage epithelial OVAD. Tumor progression was monitored using an in vivo imaging system. Peritoneal immune cells in ascites were analyzed by flow cytometry and cell sorting. To determine whether the impact of 15(S)-HETE in tumor development is mediated through the macrophages, these cells were depleted by injection of liposomal clodronate. To further dissect how 15(S)-HETE mediated its antitumor effect, we assessed the tumor burden in tumor-bearing mice in which the PPARγ gene was selectively disrupted in myeloid-derived cells and in mice deficient of the recombination-activating gene Rag2. Finally, to validate our data in humans, we isolated and treated macrophages from ascites of individuals with OVAD. RESULTS Here we show, in the murine experimental model of OVAD, that 15(S)-HETE treatment significantly suppresses the tumor growth, which is associated with the differentiation of SPM into LPM and the LPM residency in the peritoneal cavity. We demonstrate that C/EBPβ and GATA6 play a central role in SPM-to-LPM differentiation and in LPM peritoneal residence through PPARγ activation during OVAD. Moreover, this SPM-to-LPM switch is associated with the increase of the effector/regulatory T-cell ratio. Finally, we report that 15(S)-HETE attenuates immunosuppressive properties of human ovarian tumor-associated macrophages from ascites. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results promote PPARγ as a potential therapeutic target to restrain OVAD development and strengthen the use of PPARγ agonists in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Prat
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Kimberley Coulson
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Blot
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Godefroy Jacquemin
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Romano
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Laure Renoud
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamad AlaEddine
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Augustin Le Naour
- UMR1037 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Authier
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Mouna Chirine Rahabi
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Khaddouj Benmoussa
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Salon
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélissa Parny
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Gwenaël Ferron
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Lise Lefèvre
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Bettina Couderc
- UMR1037 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Coste
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-1301, CNRS-5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Avila-Ponce de León U, Vázquez-Jiménez A, Padilla-Longoria P, Resendis-Antonio O. Uncoding the interdependency of tumor microenvironment and macrophage polarization: insights from a continuous network approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150890. [PMID: 37283734 PMCID: PMC10240616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune system responses is crucial to preventing complex diseases like cancer. Macrophages are essential immune cells that contribute to this balance constrained by the local signaling profile of the tumor microenvironment. To understand how pro- and anti-inflammatory unbalance emerges in cancer, we developed a theoretical analysis of macrophage differentiation that is derived from activated monocytes circulating in the blood. Once recruited to the site of inflammation, monocytes can be polarized based on the specific interleukins and chemokines in the microenvironment. To quantify this process, we used a previous regulatory network reconstructed by our group and transformed Boolean Network attractors of macrophage polarization to an ODE scheme, it enables us to quantify the activation of their genes in a continuous fashion. The transformation was developed using the interaction rules with a fuzzy logic approach. By implementing this approach, we analyzed different aspects that cannot be visualized in the Boolean setting. For example, this approach allows us to explore the dynamic behavior at different concentrations of cytokines and transcription factors in the microenvironment. One important aspect to assess is the evaluation of the transitions between phenotypes, some of them characterized by an abrupt or a gradual transition depending on specific concentrations of exogenous cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. For instance, IL-10 can induce a hybrid state that transits between an M2c and an M2b macrophage. Interferon- γ can induce a hybrid between M1 and M1a macrophage. We further demonstrated the plasticity of macrophages based on a combination of cytokines and the existence of hybrid phenotypes or partial polarization. This mathematical model allows us to unravel the patterns of macrophage differentiation based on the competition of expression of transcriptional factors. Finally, we survey how macrophages may respond to a continuously changing immunological response in a tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Avila-Ponce de León
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Aarón Vázquez-Jiménez
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Padilla-Longoria
- Institute for Applied Mathematics (IIMAS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Coordinación de la Investigación Científica - Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Deng Y, Fu Y, Chua SL, Khoo BL. Biofilm Potentiates Cancer-Promoting Effects of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in a 3D Multi-Faceted Tumor Model. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205904. [PMID: 36748304 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), influence tumor progression. The specific polarization and phenotypic transition of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment lead to two-pronged impacts that can promote or hinder cancer development and treatment. Here, a novel microfluidic multi-faceted bladder tumor model (TAMPIEB ) is developed incorporating TAMs and cancer cells to evaluate the impact of bacterial distribution on immunomodulation within the tumor microenvironment in vivo. It is demonstrated for the first time that biofilm-induced inflammatory conditions within tumors promote the transition of macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1-like to an anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor M2-like state. Consequently, multiple roles and mechanisms by which biofilms promote cancer by inducing pro-tumor phenotypic switch of TAMs are identified, including cancer hallmarks such as reducing susceptibility to apoptosis, enhancing cell viability, and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Furthermore, biofilms formed by extratumoral bacteria can shield tumors from immune attack by TAMs, which can be visualized through various imaging assays in situ. The study sheds light on the underlying mechanism of biofilm-mediated inflammation on tumor progression and provides new insights into combined anti-biofilm therapy and immunotherapy strategies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yatian Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for Deep Space Explorations (RCDSE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Bee Luan Khoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen-Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Metabolism as a New Avenue for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043710. [PMID: 36835122 PMCID: PMC9964410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is today the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, despite the decreased incidence of chronic hepatitis infections. This is due to the increased diffusion of metabolic diseases such as the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The current protein kinase inhibitor therapies in HCC are very aggressive and not curative. From this perspective, a shift in strategy toward metabolic therapies may represent a promising option. Here, we review current knowledge on metabolic dysregulation in HCC and therapeutic approaches targeting metabolic pathways. We also propose a multi-target metabolic approach as a possible new option in HCC pharmacology.
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Roles of IL-7R Induced by Interactions between Cancer Cells and Macrophages in the Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020394. [PMID: 36672342 PMCID: PMC9856499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which contribute to the progression of several cancer types, is correlated with poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In addition to the previously reported increase in migration and invasion, ESCC cells co-cultured directly with macrophages exhibited enhanced survival and growth. Furthermore, interleukin-related molecules are associated with ESCC; however, the precise mechanism underlying this association is unclear. Therefore, we explored the role of interleukin-related molecules in ESCC progression. A cDNA microarray analysis of monocultured and co-cultured ESCC cells revealed that the interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) was upregulated in ESCC cells co-cultured with macrophages. Overexpression of IL-7R promoted the survival and growth of ESCC cells by activating the Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways. The IL-7/IL-7R axis also contributed to the promotion of ESCC cell migration via the Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed that ESCC patients with high IL-7R expression in cancer nests exhibited a trend toward poor prognosis in terms of disease-free survival, and showed significant correlation with increased numbers of infiltrating macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Therefore, IL-7R, which is upregulated when directly co-cultured with macrophages, may contribute to ESCC progression by promoting the development of various malignant phenotypes in cancer cells.
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Chen Y, Klingen TA, Aas H, Wik E, Akslen LA. CD47 and CD68 expression in breast cancer is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, blood vessel invasion, detection mode, and prognosis. J Pathol Clin Res 2023; 9:151-164. [PMID: 36598153 PMCID: PMC10073931 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CD47 expressed on tumor cells binds to signal regulatory protein alpha on macrophages, initiating inhibition of phagocytosis. We investigated the relationships between tumor expression of CD47 and CD68 macrophage content, subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and vascular invasion in breast cancer. A population-based series of 282 cases (200 screen detected and 82 interval patients) from the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program was examined. Immunohistochemical staining for CD47 and CD68 was evaluated on tissue microarray (TMA) slides. For CD47 evaluation, a staining index was used. CD68 tumor-associated macrophages were counted and dichotomized. TIL subsets (CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, and FOXP3) were counted and dichotomized using immunohistochemistry on TMA slides. Vascular invasion (both lymphatic and blood vessel) was determined on whole tissue slides. High CD47 tumor cell expression or high counts of CD68 macrophages were significantly associated with elevated levels of all TIL subsets (p < 0.02), CD163 macrophages (p < 0.001), blood vessel invasion (CD31 positive) (p < 0.01), and high tumor cell Ki67 (p < 0.004). High CD47 expression was associated with ER negativity (p < 0.001), HER2 positive status (p = 0.03), and interval-detected tumors (p = 0.03). Combined high expression of CD47-CD68 was associated with a shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.37, p = 0.018), adjusting for tumor diameter, histologic grade, lymph node status, and molecular subtype. Patients with luminal A tumors showed a shorter RFS for CD47-CD68 high cases by multivariate assessment (HR: 5.73, p = 0.004). This study demonstrates an association of concurrent high CD47 tumor cell expression and high CD68 macrophage counts with various TIL subsets, blood vessel invasion (CD31 positive), other aggressive tumor features, and interval-presenting breast cancer. Our findings suggest a link between CD47, tumor immune response, and blood vessel invasion (CD31 positive). Combined high expression of CD47-CD68 was an independent prognostic factor associated with poor prognosis in all cases, as well as in the luminal A category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyVestfold HospitalTønsbergNorway
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Fürst Medical LaboratoryOsloNorway
| | - Tor Audun Klingen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyVestfold HospitalTønsbergNorway
| | - Hans Aas
- Department of SurgeryVestfold HospitalTønsbergNorway
| | - Elisabeth Wik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
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Xiao Y, Yang J, Yang M, Len J, Yu Y. The prognosis of bladder cancer is affected by fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, and hypoxia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916850. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe prognosis of bladder cancer (BC) is poor, and there is no effective personalized management method for BC patients at present. Developing an accurate model is helpful to make treatment plan and prognosis analysis for BC patients. Endogenous fatty acid metabolism causes cancer cells to become hypoxic, and the coexistence of hypoxia and inflammation is often characteristic of cancer. All three together influence the tumor immune microenvironment, treatment, and prognosis of BC.MethodsWe used The Cancer Genome Atlas-Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (TCGA-BLAC) cohorts as a train group to build a risk model based on fatty acid metabolism, hypoxia and inflammation-related gene signatures and performed external validation with GSE13507, GSE31684, and GSE39281 cohorts. We validated the model to correlate with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, created an accuracy nomogram, and explored the differences in immune microenvironment and enrichment pathways.ResultsWe found significant differences in overall survival and progression-free survival between high- and low-risk groups, and patients in the low-risk group had a better prognosis than those in the high-risk group. In the train group, the AUCs for predicting overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.745, 0.712, and 0.729, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival AUCs were 0.589, 0.672, and 0.666 in the external validation group, respectively. The risk score independently predicted the prognosis of BC patients with AUCs of 0.729. In addition, there was a significant correlation between risk scores and BC clinicopathological features and, in the GSE13507 cohort, we observed that BC progression and deeper invasion were associated with higher risk scores. Risk scores were highly correlated with coproptosis, pyroptosis, m7G, immune checkpoint-related genes, and immune microenvironment. In addition, we found that patients in the low-risk group responded better to immunotherapy, whereas patients in the high-risk group were more sensitive to commonly used chemotherapy drugs.ConclusionOur findings provide new treatment decisions for BC, and can effectively predict the prognosis of BC patients, which is helpful for the management of BC patients.
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Lin Y, Zhou X, Ni Y, Zhao X, Liang X. Metabolic reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer: A novel orientation for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030831. [PMID: 36311734 PMCID: PMC9613923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic tumor, with the highest mortality rate. Numerous studies have been conducted on the treatment of ovarian cancer in the hopes of improving therapeutic outcomes. Immune cells have been revealed to play a dual function in the development of ovarian cancer, acting as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors. Increasingly, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been proposed and confirmed to play a unique role in tumor development and treatment by altering immunosuppressive and cytotoxic responses in the vicinity of tumor cells through metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, studies of immunometabolism have provided new insights into the understanding of the TIME. Targeting or activating metabolic processes of the TIME has the potential to be an antitumor therapy modality. In this review, we summarize the composition of the TIME of ovarian cancer and its metabolic reprogramming, its relationship with drug resistance in ovarian cancer, and recent research advances in immunotherapy.
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He S, Wang C, Huang Y, Lu S, Li W, Ding N, Chen C, Wu Y. Chlamydia psittaci plasmid-encoded CPSIT_P7 induces macrophage polarization to enhance the antibacterial response through TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119324. [PMID: 35809864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the protective effects of Chlamydia psittaci plasmid-encoded protein CPSIT_P7 as vaccine antigens to against chlamydial infection have been confirmed in our previous study, the function and mechanism of CPSIT_P7 inducing innate immunity in the antibacterial response remain unknown. Here, we found that plasmid protein CPSIT_P7 could induce M1 macrophage polarization upregulating the genes of the surface molecule CD86, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and antibacterial effector NO synthase 2 (iNOS). During M1 macrophage polarization, macrophages acquire phagocytic and microbicidal competence, which promotes the host antibacterial response. As we observed that CPSIT_P7-induced M1 macrophages could partially reduce the infected mice pulmonary Chlamydia psittaci load. Furthermore, CPSIT_P7 induced M1 macrophage polarization through the TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Collectively, our results highlight the effect of CPSIT_P7 on macrophage polarization and provide new insights into new prevention and treatment strategies for chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yanru Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Simin Lu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Li Z, Yu Q, Zhu Q, Yang X, Li Z, Fu J. Applications of machine learning in tumor-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985863. [PMID: 36211379 PMCID: PMC9538115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of tumor-host interaction and intratumoral heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is gaining increasing attention in modern cancer therapies because it can reveal unique information about the tumor status. As tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major immune cells infiltrating in TME, a better understanding of TAMs could help us further elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer development. However, the high-dimensional and heterogeneous data in biology limit the extensive integrative analysis of cancer research. Machine learning algorithms are particularly suitable for oncology data analysis due to their flexibility and scalability to analyze diverse data types and strong computation power to learn underlying patterns from massive data sets. With the application of machine learning in analyzing TME, especially TAM’s traceable status, we could better understand the role of TAMs in tumor biology. Furthermore, we envision that the promotion of machine learning in this field could revolutionize tumor diagnosis, treatment stratification, and survival predictions in cancer research. In this article, we described key terms and concepts of machine learning, reviewed the applications of common methods in TAMs, and highlighted the challenges and future direction for TAMs in machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qijun Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaobin Li
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Fu,
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Luo T, Yu S, Ouyang J, Zeng F, Gao L, Huang S, Wang X. Identification of a apoptosis-related LncRNA signature to improve prognosis prediction and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:946939. [PMID: 36171881 PMCID: PMC9510691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.946939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is closely associated with the development of various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the prognostic value of apoptosis-related lncRNAs (ApoRLs) in LUAD has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we screened 2, 960 ApoRLs by constructing a co-expression network of mRNAs-lncRNAs associated with apoptosis, and identified 421 ApoRLs that were differentially expressed between LUAD samples and normal lung samples. Sixteen differentially expressed apoptosis-related lncRNAs (DE-ApoRLs) with prognostic relevance to LUAD patients were screened using univariate Cox regression analysis. An apoptosis-related lncRNA signature (ApoRLSig ) containing 10 ApoRLs was constructed by applying the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression method, and all LUAD patients in the TCGA cohort were divided into high or low risk groups. Moreover, patients in the high-risk group had a worse prognosis (p < 0.05). When analyzed in conjunction with clinical features, we found ApoRLSig to be an independent predictor of LUAD patients and established a prognostic nomogram combining ApoRLSig and clinical features. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that ApoRLSig is involved in many malignancy-associated immunomodulatory pathways. In addition, there were significant differences in the immune microenvironment and immune cells between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Further analysis revealed that the expression levels of most immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) were higher in the high-risk group, which suggested that the immunotherapy effect was better in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. And we found that the high-risk group was also better than the low-risk group in terms of chemotherapy effect. In conclusion, we successfully constructed an ApoRLSig which could predict the prognosis of LUAD patients and provide a novel strategy for the antitumor treatment of LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shiqun Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zeng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liyun Gao
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shaoxin Huang
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wang,
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Xiao Y, Yang J, Yang M, Len J, Yu Y. Comprehensive analysis of 7-methylguanosine and immune microenvironment characteristics in clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Front Genet 2022; 13:866819. [PMID: 36003341 PMCID: PMC9393245 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.866819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common tumors in the urinary system. ccRCC has obvious immunological characteristics, and the infiltration of immune cells is related to the prognosis of ccRCC. The effect of immune checkpoint therapy is related to the dynamic changes of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). The 7-methylguanosine (m7G) is an additional mRNA modification ability besides m6A, which is closely related to the TIM and affects the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, the correlations between m7G and the immune microenvironment, treatment, and prognosis of ccRCC are not clear. As far as we know, there was no study on the relationship between m7G and the immune microenvironment and survival of clear cell renal cell carcinomas. A comprehensive analysis of the correlations between them and the construction of a prognosis model are helpful to improve the treatment strategy. Two different molecular subtypes were identified in 539 ccRCC samples by describing the differences of 29 m7G-related genes. It was found that the clinical features, TIM, and prognosis of ccRCC patients were correlated with the m7G-related genes. We found that there were significant differences in the expression of PD-1, CTLA4, and PD-L1 between high- and low-risk groups. To sum up, m7G-related genes play a potential role in the TIM, treatment, and prognosis of ccRCC. Our results provide new findings for ccRCC and help to improve the immunotherapy strategies and prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- The Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, YN, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, YN, China
| | - Maolin Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, YN, China
| | - Jinjun Len
- The Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, YN, China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, YN, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhong Yu,
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Pérez S, Rius-Pérez S. Macrophage Polarization and Reprogramming in Acute Inflammation: A Redox Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071394. [PMID: 35883885 PMCID: PMC9311967 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization refers to the process by which macrophages can produce two distinct functional phenotypes: M1 or M2. The balance between both strongly affects the progression of inflammatory disorders. Here, we review how redox signals regulate macrophage polarization and reprogramming during acute inflammation. In M1, macrophages augment NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), synaptotagmin-binding cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein (SYNCRIP), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 increase oxygen and nitrogen reactive species, which triggers inflammatory response, phagocytosis, and cytotoxicity. In M2, macrophages down-regulate NOX2, iNOS, SYNCRIP, and/or up-regulate arginase and superoxide dismutase type 1, counteract oxidative and nitrosative stress, and favor anti-inflammatory and tissue repair responses. M1 and M2 macrophages exhibit different metabolic profiles, which are tightly regulated by redox mechanisms. Oxidative and nitrosative stress sustain the M1 phenotype by activating glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis, but by inhibiting tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic profile is reversed in M2 macrophages because of changes in the redox state. Therefore, new therapies based on redox mechanisms have emerged to treat acute inflammation with positive results, which highlights the relevance of redox signaling as a master regulator of macrophage reprogramming.
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He K, Liu X, Hoffman RD, Shi RZ, Lv GY, Gao JL. G-CSF/GM-CSF-induced hematopoietic dysregulation in the progression of solid tumors. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1268-1285. [PMID: 35612789 PMCID: PMC9249339 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two types of abnormal hematopoiesis in solid tumor occurrence and treatment: pathological hematopoiesis, and myelosuppression induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this review, we primarily focus on the abnormal pathological hematopoietic differentiation in cancer induced by tumor-released granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). As key factors in hematopoietic development, G-CSF/GM-CSF are well-known facilitators of myelopoiesis and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In addition, these two cytokines can also promote or inhibit tumors, dependent on tumor type. In multiple cancer types, hematopoiesis is greatly enhanced and abnormal lineage differentiation is induced by these two cytokines. Here, dysregulated hematopoiesis induced by G-CSF/GM-CSF in solid tumors and its mechanism are summarized, and the prognostic value of G-CSF/GM-CSF-associated dysregulated hematopoiesis for tumor metastasis is also briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Robert D Hoffman
- Yo San University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90066, USA
| | - Rong-Zhen Shi
- Tangqi Branch of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311106, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
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Hussain K, Liu R, Smith RCG, Müller KTJ, Ghorbani M, Macari S, Cleary KLS, Oldham RJ, Foxall RB, James S, Booth SG, Murray T, Dahal LN, Hargreaves CE, Kemp RS, Longley J, Douglas J, Markham H, Chee SJ, Stopforth RJ, Roghanian A, Carter MJ, Ottensmeier CH, Frendéus B, Cutress RI, French RR, Glennie MJ, Strefford JC, Thirdborough SM, Beers SA, Cragg MS. HIF activation enhances FcγRIIb expression on mononuclear phagocytes impeding tumor targeting antibody immunotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:131. [PMID: 35392965 PMCID: PMC8988350 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in addition to altering metabolism in cancer cells, it transforms tumor-associated stromal cells. Within the tumor stromal cell compartment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) provide potent pro-tumoral support. However, TAMs can also be harnessed to destroy tumor cells by monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy, through antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). This is mediated via antibody-binding activating Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) and impaired by the single inhibitory FcγR, FcγRIIb. METHODS We applied a multi-OMIC approach coupled with in vitro functional assays and murine tumor models to assess the effects of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) activation on mAb mediated depletion of human and murine cancer cells. For mechanistic assessments, siRNA-mediated gene silencing, Western blotting and chromatin immune precipitation were utilized to assess the impact of identified regulators on FCGR2B gene transcription. RESULTS We report that TAMs are FcγRIIbbright relative to healthy tissue counterparts and under hypoxic conditions, mononuclear phagocytes markedly upregulate FcγRIIb. This enhanced FcγRIIb expression is transcriptionally driven through HIFs and Activator protein 1 (AP-1). Importantly, this phenotype reduces the ability of macrophages to eliminate anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) opsonized human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro and EL4 lymphoma cells in vivo in human FcγRIIb+/+ transgenic mice. Furthermore, post-HIF activation, mAb mediated blockade of FcγRIIb can partially restore phagocytic function in human monocytes. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a detailed molecular and cellular basis for hypoxia driven resistance to antitumor mAb immunotherapy, unveiling a hitherto unexplored aspect of the TME. These findings provide a mechanistic rationale for the modulation of FcγRIIb expression or its blockade as a promising strategy to enhance approved and novel mAb immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiyam Hussain
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rena Liu
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rosanna C G Smith
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kri T J Müller
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mohammadmersad Ghorbani
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Cancer Genomics Group, Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sofia Macari
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kirstie L S Cleary
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Robert J Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Russell B Foxall
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Steven G Booth
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Tom Murray
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Lekh N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Chantal E Hargreaves
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert S Kemp
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jemma Longley
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - James Douglas
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Hannah Markham
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard J Stopforth
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew J Carter
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Bjorn Frendéus
- Preclinical Research, BioInvent International AB, Sölvegatan 41, 22370, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ruth R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Genomics Group, Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen M Thirdborough
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Ma Y, Fu Y, Wang Y, Yang M, Yao Y, He S, Liu D, Cao Z, Wang X, Tang Y, Zhao Q, Huang C. Blocking Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in the Macrophages Around Ganglionated Plexi Suppresses Atrial Fibrillation Vulnerability in Canines With Rapid Atrial Pacing. Front Physiol 2022; 13:837412. [PMID: 35431996 PMCID: PMC9010666 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.837412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that ganglionated plexi (GP) function influences atrial fibrillation (AF) vulnerability, and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK4) have a close relationship with cardiomyocyte automaticity and the induction of AF. However, the effects of the SK4 inhibitor on GP function and AF vulnerability are unknown. Eighteen beagles were randomly divided into a control group (n = 6), rapid atrial pacing (RAP) group (n = 6), and triarylmethane-34 (TRAM-34, an SK4 inhibitor) group (n = 6). TRAM-34 (0.3 ml, 15 mmol/L) and saline were locally injected into GPs in the TRAM-34 group dogs and dogs from the other groups, respectively. After that, dogs in the RAP and TRAM-34 groups were subjected to RAP, and the neural activity of anterior right GP (ARGP) and atrial electrophysiology were measured. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and function of macrophages in the ARGP were measured in the three groups. At 10 min after TRAM-34 injection, ARGP activity and atrial electrophysiology did not significantly change. The atrial pacing shortened effective refractory period (ERP) values at all sites and increased the AF vulnerability and ARGP neural activity, while TRAM-34 reversed these changes. The levels of CD68 + cells, induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the ARGP tissues were higher in the RAP group and TRAM-34 group than they were in the control group. Furthermore, the levels of the CD68 + cells, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines in the ARGP tissues were higher in the pacing group than those in the TRAM-34 group. Based on these results, administration of TRAM-34 into the atrial GP can suppress GP activity and AF vulnerability during atrial pacing. The effects of TRAM-34 might be related to macrophage polarization and the inflammatory response of GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhe Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuntao Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dishiwen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyan Zhao, ; Congxin Huang,
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyan Zhao, ; Congxin Huang,
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Darmani H. CMTM6 as a master regulator of PD-L1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2325-2340. [PMID: 35294592 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), play critical roles in the pathology of chronic inflammatory pathological conditions, particularly cancer. In addition, the activation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is involved in mediating resistance to certain anti-cancer chemo- and immuno-therapeutics. Unfortunately, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by the available anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs can benefit only a small proportion of cancer patients. Thus, studying the factors that regulate the expression of these immune checkpoint proteins is of central importance in this context. Recent investigations have identified CMTM6 and, to a lesser extent, CMTM4, as master regulators of PD-L1 expression in various cancer cells. Understanding the mechanisms by which such proteins upregulate the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, and determining the potential regulators of CMTM6 expression in different types of cancers will accelerate the development of new therapeutic targets and/or lead to the enhancement of the currently available PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Homa Darmani
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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The Impact of Obesity, Adipose Tissue, and Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization and Metastasis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020339. [PMID: 35205204 PMCID: PMC8869089 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The inflammatory adipose microenvironment in obesity plays a crucial role in cancer development and metastases. By focusing on adipocytes and macrophages, as well as the extracellular matrix, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer will be addressed by this review. After describing the tumor microenvironment and extracellular matrix, the influence of M1, M2, and tumor-associated macrophages will be explored through their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, including their potential role in angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, with a specific focus on the roles of adipocytes in this process. Abstract Tumor metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients. It involves not only the intrinsic alterations within tumor cells, but also crosstalk between these cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, involving the following three main stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. The transition between these stages depends on the changes within the extracellular matrix (ECM), in which tumor and stromal cells reside. This matrix, under the effect of growth factors, cytokines, and adipokines, can be morphologically altered, degraded, or reorganized. Many cancers evolve to form an immunosuppressive TME locally and create a pre-metastatic niche in other tissue sites. TME and pre-metastatic niches include myofibroblasts, immuno-inflammatory cells (macrophages), adipocytes, blood, and lymphatic vascular networks. Several studies have highlighted the adipocyte-macrophage interaction as a key driver of cancer progression and dissemination. The following two main classes of macrophages are distinguished: M1 (pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor). These cells exhibit distinct microenvironment-dependent phenotypes that can promote or inhibit metastasis. On the other hand, obesity in cancer patients has been linked to a poor prognosis. In this regard, tumor-associated adipocytes modulate TME through the secretion of inflammatory mediators, which modulate and recruit tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Hereby, this review describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer. It provides a comprehensive overview of adipocytes and macrophages in the ECM as they control cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. In addition, it addresses the mechanisms of tumor anchoring and recruitment for M1, M2, and TAM macrophages, specifically highlighting their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, as well as their roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, specifically highlighting the role of adipocytes in this process.
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Immune Contexture and Differentiation Features Predict Outcome in Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2022; 5:203-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Jarboe T, Tuli NY, Chakraborty S, Maniyar RR, DeSouza N, Xiu-Min Li, Moscatello A, Geliebter J, Tiwari RK. Inflammatory Components of the Thyroid Cancer Microenvironment: An Avenue for Identification of Novel Biomarkers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1350:1-31. [PMID: 34888842 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83282-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States is on the rise with an appreciably high disease recurrence rate of 20-30%. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), although rare in occurrence, is an aggressive form of cancer with limited treatment options and bleak cure rates. This chapter uses discussions of in vitro models that are representative of papillary, anaplastic, and follicular thyroid cancer to evaluate the crosstalk between specific cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which serves as a highly heterogeneous realm of signaling cascades and metabolism that are associated with tumorigenesis. The cellular constituents of the TME carry out varying characteristic immunomodulatory functions that are discussed throughout this chapter. The aforementioned cell types include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), and cancer stem cells (CSCs), as well as specific immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells, CD8+ T cells, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAM-mediated inflammation is associated with a poor prognosis of thyroid cancer, and the molecular basis of the cellular crosstalk between macrophages and thyroid cancer cells with respect to inducing a metastatic phenotype is not yet known. The dynamic nature of the physiological transition to pathological metastatic phenotypes when establishing the TME encompasses a wide range of characteristics that are further explored within this chapter, including the roles of somatic mutations and epigenetic alterations that drive the genetic heterogeneity of cancer cells, allowing for selective advantages that aid in their proliferation. Induction of these proliferating cells is typically accomplished through inflammatory induction, whereby chronic inflammation sets up a constant physiological state of inflammatory cell recruitment. The secretions of these inflammatory cells can alter the genetic makeup of proliferating cells, which can in turn, promote tumor growth.This chapter also presents an in-depth analysis of molecular interactions within the TME, including secretory cytokines and exosomes. Since the exosomal cargo of a cell is a reflection and fingerprint of the originating parental cells, the profiling of exosomal miRNA derived from thyroid cancer cells and macrophages in the TME may serve as an important step in biomarker discovery. Identification of a distinct set of tumor suppressive miRNAs downregulated in ATC-secreted exosomes indicates their role in the regulation of tumor suppressive genes that may increase the metastatic propensity of ATC. Additionally, the high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in studies looking at thyroid cancer and activated macrophage conditioned media suggests the existence of an inflammatory TME in thyroid cancer. New findings are suggestive of the presence of a metastatic niche in ATC tissues that is influenced by thyroid tumor microenvironment secretome-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), mediated by a reciprocal interaction between the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and the thyroid cancer cells. Thus, targeting the metastatic thyroid carcinoma microenvironment could offer potential therapeutic benefits and should be explored further in preclinical and translational models of human metastatic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Jarboe
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Neha Y Tuli
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachana R Maniyar
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole DeSouza
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Jan Geliebter
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Raj K Tiwari
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
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Zhou H, He X, He Y, Ou C, Cao P. Exosomal circRNAs: Emerging Players in Tumor Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:786224. [PMID: 34957113 PMCID: PMC8692866 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is an important feature of malignant tumors, and is the primary cause of poor prognosis and treatment failure, in addition to representing a potentially fatal challenge for cancer patients. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles 30–150 nm in diameter that transmit cargo, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, as a means of intercellular communication. Exosomes play crucial roles in a range of human diseases, especially malignant tumors. A growing number of studies have verified that circRNAs can be enveloped in exosomes and transferred from secretory cells to recipient cells, thereby regulating tumor progression, especially tumor metastasis. Exosomal circRNAs regulate tumor cell metastasis not only by regulating the signaling pathways, but also by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, exosomal circRNAs have the potential to serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the mechanism by which exosomal circRNAs modulate metastatic phenomena in various types of tumors, and put forward the prospects of clinical applications of exosomal circRNAs in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxiang He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Cao, ; Chunlin Ou,
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Cao, ; Chunlin Ou,
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Goswami KK, Bose A, Baral R. Macrophages in tumor: An inflammatory perspective. Clin Immunol 2021; 232:108875. [PMID: 34740843 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of carefully co-ordinated healing immune exercise to eliminate injurious stimuli. However, in substantial number of cancer types, it contributes in shaping up of robust tumor microenvironment (TME). Solid TME promotes infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) that contributes to cancer promotion. TAMs are functionally heterogeneous and display an extraordinary degree of plasticity, which allow 'Switching' of macrophages into an 'M2', phenotype, linked with immunosuppression, advancement of tumor angiogenesis with metastatic consequences. In contrary to the classical M1 macrophages, these M2 TAMs are high-IL-10, TGF-β secreting-'anti-inflammatory'. In this review, we will discuss the modes of infiltration and switching of TAMs into M2 anti-inflammatory state in the TME to promote immunosuppression and inflammation-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Kanti Goswami
- Department of Microbiology, Asutosh College, 92, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
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Hussain K, Cragg MS, Beers SA. Remodeling the Tumor Myeloid Landscape to Enhance Antitumor Antibody Immunotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4904. [PMID: 34638388 PMCID: PMC8507767 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the diverse tumor resident immune cell types, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often the most abundant, possess an anti-inflammatory phenotype, orchestrate tumor immune evasion and are frequently associated with poor prognosis. However, TAMs can also be harnessed to destroy antibody-opsonized tumor cells through the process of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Clinically important tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAb) such as Rituximab, Herceptin and Cetuximab, function, at least in part, by inducing macrophages to eliminate tumor cells via ADCP. For IgG mAb, this is mediated by antibody-binding activating Fc gamma receptors (FcγR), with resultant phagocytic activity impacted by the level of co-engagement with the single inhibitory FcγRIIb. Approaches to enhance ADCP in the tumor microenvironment include the repolarization of TAMs to proinflammatory phenotypes or the direct augmentation of ADCP by targeting so-called 'phagocytosis checkpoints'. Here we review the most promising new strategies targeting the cell surface molecules present on TAMs, which include the inhibition of 'don't eat me signals' or targeting immunostimulatory pathways with agonistic mAb and small molecules to augment tumor-targeting mAb immunotherapies and overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen A. Beers
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (K.H.); (M.S.C.)
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Gunassekaran GR, Poongkavithai Vadevoo SM, Baek MC, Lee B. M1 macrophage exosomes engineered to foster M1 polarization and target the IL-4 receptor inhibit tumor growth by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages into M1-like macrophages. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121137. [PMID: 34560422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
M2-polarized, pro-tumoral tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express the interleukin-4 receptor (IL4R) at higher levels compared with M1-polarized, anti-tumoral macrophages. In this study, we harnessed M1 macrophage-derived exosomes engineered to foster M1 polarization and target IL4R for the inhibition of tumor growth by reprogramming TAMs into M1-like macrophages. M1 exosomes were transfected with NF-κB p50 siRNA and miR-511-3p to enhance M1 polarization and were surface-modified with IL4RPep-1, an IL4R-binding peptide, to target the IL4 receptor of TAMs (named IL4R-Exo(si/mi). IL4R-Exo(si/mi) were internalized and downregulated target gens in M2 macrophages and decreased M2 markers, while increasing M1 markers, more efficiently compared with untargeted and control peptide-labeled exosomes and exosomes from non-immune, normal cells. Whole-body fluorescence imaging showed that IL4R-Exo(si/mi) homed to tumors at higher levels compared with the liver, unlike untargeted and control peptide-labeled exosomes. Systemic administration of IL4R-Exo(si/mi) inhibited tumor growth, downregulated target genes, and decreased the levels of M2 cytokines and immune-suppressive cells, while increasing the levels of M1 cytokines and immune-stimulatory cells, more efficiently than untargeted and control peptide-labeled exosomes. These results suggest that IL4R-Exo(si/mi) inhibits tumor growth by reprogramming TAMs into M1-like macrophages and increasing anti-tumor immunity, thus representing a novel cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Rangaswamy Gunassekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sri Murugan Poongkavithai Vadevoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea.
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Song Y, Liao M, Zhao X, Han H, Dong X, Wang X, Du M, Yan H. Vitreous M2 Macrophage-Derived Microparticles Promote RPE Cell Proliferation and Migration in Traumatic Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:26. [PMID: 34554178 PMCID: PMC8475283 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize vitreous microparticles (MPs) in patients with traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and investigate their role in PVR pathogenesis. Methods Vitreous MPs were characterized in patients with traumatic PVR, patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated with PVR, and control subjects by flow cytometry. The presence of M2 macrophages in epiretinal membranes was measured by immunostaining. Vitreous cytokines were quantified by ELISA assay. For in vitro studies, MPs isolated from THP-1 cell differentiated M1 and M2 macrophages, termed M1-MPs and M2-MPs, were used. The effects and mechanisms of M1-MPs and M2-MPs on RPE cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition were analyzed. Results Vitreous MPs derived from photoreceptors, microglia, and macrophages were significantly increased in patients with traumatic PVR in comparison with control and patients with RRD (PVR), whereas no significance was identified between the two control groups. M2 macrophages were present in epiretinal membranes, and their signature cytokines were markedly elevated in the vitreous of patients with traumatic PVR. Moreover, MPs from M2 macrophages were increased in the vitreous of patients with traumatic PVR. In vitro analyses showed that M2-MPs promoted the proliferation and migration of RPE cells via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. However, M2-MPs did not induce the expression of fibrotic proteins, including fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and N-cadherin in RPE cells. Conclusions This study demonstrated increased MP shedding in the vitreous of patients with traumatic PVR; specifically, MPs derived from M2 polarized macrophages may contribute to PVR progression by stimulating RPE cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinting Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyu Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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45
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Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. Chaperone-assisted E3 ligase CHIP: A double agent in cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1521-1555. [PMID: 36157498 PMCID: PMC9485218 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a ubiquitin ligase and co-chaperone belonging to Ubox family that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by switching the equilibrium of the folding-refolding mechanism towards the proteasomal or lysosomal degradation pathway. It links molecular chaperones viz. HSC70, HSP70 and HSP90 with ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), acting as a quality control system. CHIP contains charged domain in between N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and C-terminal Ubox domain. TPR domain interacts with the aberrant client proteins via chaperones while Ubox domain facilitates the ubiquitin transfer to the client proteins for ubiquitination. Thus, CHIP is a classic molecule that executes ubiquitination for degradation of client proteins. Further, CHIP has been found to be indulged in cellular differentiation, proliferation, metastasis and tumorigenesis. Additionally, CHIP can play its dual role as a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogene in numerous malignancies, thus acting as a double agent. Here, in this review, we have reported almost all substrates of CHIP established till date and classified them according to the hallmarks of cancer. In addition, we discussed about its architectural alignment, tissue specific expression, sub-cellular localization, folding-refolding mechanisms of client proteins, E4 ligase activity, normal physiological roles, as well as involvement in various diseases and tumor biology. Further, we aim to discuss its importance in HSP90 inhibitors mediated cancer therapy. Thus, this report concludes that CHIP may be a promising and worthy drug target towards pharmaceutical industry for drug development.
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Yang WJ, Shi L, Wang XM, Yang GW. Heparanase is a novel biomarker for immune infiltration and prognosis in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20836-20852. [PMID: 34461608 PMCID: PMC8436937 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE), an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate, regulates a variety of biological processes that promote tumor progression. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between HPSE expression and prognosis in cancer patients, using multiple databases (Oncomine, TIMER, PrognoScan, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, miner v4.1, DAVID). HPSE expression was significantly increased in bladder, breast, lung, and stomach cancer compared to matched normal tissues. The increased HPSE expression correlated with poor prognosis and increased immune infiltration levels of B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells in bladder and breast cancer. In breast cancer, the high HPSE expression was associated with basal-like subtypes, younger age (0-40), advanced Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade, Nottingham Prognostic Index and p53 mutation status. In addition, using a mouse model of breast cancer, our data showed that HPSE upregulated IL-10 expression and promoted macrophage M2 polarization and T cell exhaustion. Together, our data provide a novel immunological perspective on the mechanisms underlying breast cancer progression, and indicate that HPSE may serve as a biomarker for immune infiltration and prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Guo-Wang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
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Zaheer Y, Vorup‐Jensen T, Webster TJ, Ahmed M, Khan WS, Ihsan A. Protein based nanomedicine: Promising therapeutic modalities against inflammatory disorders. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yumna Zaheer
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE‐C, PIEAS) Faisalabad Punjab 38000 Pakistan
| | - Thomas Vorup‐Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Mukhtiar Ahmed
- Chemistry of Interfaces Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden
| | - Waheed S. Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE‐C, PIEAS) Faisalabad Punjab 38000 Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ihsan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE‐C, PIEAS) Faisalabad Punjab 38000 Pakistan
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Babazadeh S, Nassiri SM, Siavashi V, Sahlabadi M, Hajinasrollah M, Zamani-Ahmadmahmudi M. Macrophage polarization by MSC-derived CXCL12 determines tumor growth. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:30. [PMID: 34174813 PMCID: PMC8236206 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of macrophages is known to be the main reason for their ability to regulate inflammation and promote tumorigenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the principal cells commonly found in the tumor stromal niche, with capability of macrophage phenotypic switching. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) produced by marrow-derived MSCs in the phenotypic and functional pattern of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). METHODS First, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used for the CXCL12 gene knock-out in MSCs. Then, coculture systems were used to investigate the role of MSCsCXCL12-/- and MSCsCXCL12+/+ in determination of macrophage phenotype. To further analyze the role of the MSC-derived CXCL12 niche, cocultures of 4T1 mammary tumor cells and macrophages primed with MSCsCXCL12-/- or MSCsCXCL12+/+ as well as in-vivo limiting dilution assays were performed. RESULTS Our results revealed that the expression of IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β and CD206 as M2 markers was significantly increased in macrophages co-cultured with MSCsCXCL12+/+ , whereas the expression of IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS was conversely decreased. The number and size of multicellular tumor spheroids were remarkably higher when 4T1 cells were cocultured with MSCCXCL12+/+-induced M2 macrophages. We also found that the occurrence of tumors was significantly higher in coinjection of 4T1 cells with MSCCXCL12+/+-primed macrophages. Tumor initiating cells were significantly decreased after coinjection of 4T1 cells with macrophages pretreated with MSCsCXCL12-/-. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings shed new light on the role of MSC-derived CXCL12 in macrophage phenotypic switching to M2, affecting their function in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Babazadeh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Nassiri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Siavashi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Sahlabadi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hajinasrollah
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Zamani-Ahmadmahmudi
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Zhang Y, Coleman M, Brekken RA. Perspectives on Hypoxia Signaling in Tumor Stroma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3070. [PMID: 34202979 PMCID: PMC8234221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a well-known characteristic of solid tumors that contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Oxygen deprivation due to high demand of proliferating cancer cells and standard of care therapies induce hypoxia. Hypoxia signaling, mainly mediated by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) family, results in tumor cell migration, proliferation, metabolic changes, and resistance to therapy. Additionally, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment impacts multiple cellular and non-cellular compartments in the tumor stroma, including disordered tumor vasculature, homeostasis of ECM. Hypoxia also has a multifaceted and often contradictory influence on immune cell function, which contributes to an immunosuppressive environment. Here, we review the important function of HIF in tumor stromal components and summarize current clinical trials targeting hypoxia. We provide an overview of hypoxia signaling in tumor stroma that might help address some of the challenges associated with hypoxia-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Morgan Coleman
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.C.)
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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50
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Michelakos T, Cai L, Villani V, Sabbatino F, Kontos F, Fernández-Del Castillo C, Yamada T, Neyaz A, Taylor MS, Deshpande V, Kurokawa T, Ting DT, Qadan M, Weekes CD, Allen JN, Clark JW, Hong TS, Ryan DP, Wo JY, Warshaw AL, Lillemoe KD, Ferrone S, Ferrone CR. Tumor Microenvironment Immune Response in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:182-191. [PMID: 32497200 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and chemoradiation have been used to downstage borderline and locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Whether neoadjuvant therapy-induced tumor immune response contributes to the improved survival is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated whether neoadjuvant therapy induces an immune response towards PDAC. METHODS Clinicopathological variables were collected for surgically resected PDACs at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1998-2016). Neoadjuvant regimens included FOLFIRINOX with or without chemoradiation, proton chemoradiation (25 Gy), photon chemoradiation (50.4 Gy), or no neoadjuvant therapy. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II expression and immune cell infiltration (CD4+, FoxP3+, CD8+, granzyme B+ cells, and M2 macrophages) were analyzed immunohistochemically and correlated with clinicopathologic variables. The antitumor immune response was compared among neoadjuvant therapy regimens. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS Two hundred forty-eight PDAC patients were included. The median age was 64 years and 50.0% were female. HLA-A defects were less frequent in the FOLFIRINOX cohort (P = .006). HLA class II expression was lowest in photon and highest in proton patients (P = .02). The FOLFIRINOX cohort exhibited the densest CD8+ cell infiltration (P < .001). FOLFIRINOX and proton patients had the highest CD4+ and lowest T regulatory (FoxP3+) cell density, respectively. M2 macrophage density was statistically significantly higher in the treatment-naïve group (P < .001) in which dense M2 macrophage infiltration was an independent predictor of poor overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX with or without chemoradiation may induce immunologically relevant changes in the tumor microenvironment. It may reduce HLA-A defects, increase CD8+ cell density, and decrease T regulatory cell and M2 macrophage density. Therefore, neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX therapy may benefit from combinations with checkpoint inhibitors, which can enhance patients' antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Michelakos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Vincenzo Villani
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippos Kontos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Azfar Neyaz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kurokawa
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Motaz Qadan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin D Weekes
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill N Allen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Wo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Warshaw
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith D Lillemoe
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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