1
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Mayall JR, Horvat JC, Mangan NE, Chevalier A, McCarthy H, Hampsey D, Donovan C, Brown AC, Matthews AY, de Weerd NA, de Geus ED, Starkey MR, Kim RY, Daly K, Goggins BJ, Keely S, Maltby S, Baldwin R, Foster PS, Boyle MJ, Tanwar PS, Huntington ND, Hertzog PJ, Hansbro PM. Interferon-epsilon is a novel regulator of NK cell responses in the uterus. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:267-293. [PMID: 38263527 PMCID: PMC10897320 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The uterus is a unique mucosal site where immune responses are balanced to be permissive of a fetus, yet protective against infections. Regulation of natural killer (NK) cell responses in the uterus during infection is critical, yet no studies have identified uterine-specific factors that control NK cell responses in this immune-privileged site. We show that the constitutive expression of IFNε in the uterus plays a crucial role in promoting the accumulation, activation, and IFNγ production of NK cells in uterine tissue during Chlamydia infection. Uterine epithelial IFNε primes NK cell responses indirectly by increasing IL-15 production by local immune cells and directly by promoting the accumulation of a pre-pro-like NK cell progenitor population and activation of NK cells in the uterus. These findings demonstrate the unique features of this uterine-specific type I IFN and the mechanisms that underpin its major role in orchestrating innate immune cell protection against uterine infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma R Mayall
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Niamh E Mangan
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Departments of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Anne Chevalier
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Huw McCarthy
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Daniel Hampsey
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Antony Y Matthews
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Departments of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Nicole A de Weerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Departments of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Eveline D de Geus
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Departments of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Katie Daly
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Bridie J Goggins
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Steven Maltby
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Rennay Baldwin
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Michael J Boyle
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- Gynecology Oncology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Departments of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
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2
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Vanders RL, Gomez HM, Hsu AC, Daly K, Wark PAB, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Inflammatory and antiviral responses to influenza A virus infection are dysregulated in pregnant mice with allergic airway disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L385-L398. [PMID: 37463835 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are increased during pregnancy especially with asthma as a comorbidity, leading to asthma exacerbations, secondary bacterial infections, intensive care unit admissions, and mortality. We aimed to define the processes involved in increased susceptibility and severity of IAV infections during pregnancy, especially with asthma. We sensitized mice to house dust mite (HDM), induced pregnancy, and challenged with HDM to induce allergic airway disease (AAD). At midpregnancy, we induced IAV infection. We assessed viral titers, airway inflammation, lung antiviral responses, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). During early IAV infection, pregnant mice with AAD had increased mRNA expression of the inflammatory markers Il13 and IL17 and reduced mRNA expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant marker Kc. These mice had increased mucous hyperplasia and increased AHR. miR155, miR574, miR223, and miR1187 were also reduced during early infection, as was mRNA expression of the antiviral β-defensins, Bd1, Bd2, and Spd and IFNs, Ifnα, Ifnβ, and Ifnλ. During late infection, Il17 was still increased as was eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. mRNA expression of Kc was reduced, as was neutrophil infiltration and mRNA expression of the antiviral markers Ifnβ, Ifnλ, and Ifnγ and Ip10, Tlr3, Tlr9, Pkr, and Mx1. Mucous hyperplasia was still significantly increased as was AHR. Early phase IAV infection in pregnancy with asthma heightens underlying inflammatory asthmatic phenotype and reduces antiviral responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy with asthma is a major health concern leading to increased morbidity for both mother and baby. Using murine models, we show that IAV infection in pregnancy with allergic airway disease is associated with impaired global antiviral and antimicrobial responses, increased lung inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Targeting specific β-defensins or microRNAs (miRNAs) may prove useful in future treatments for IAV infection during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Vanders
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henry M Gomez
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan C Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katie Daly
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Li S, Wang L, Zhang Y, Ma L, Zhang J, Zu J, Wu X. Role of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) in Respiratory Infection and Allergy Caused by Early-Life Chlamydia Infection. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1109-1114. [PMID: 34226412 PMCID: PMC9705988 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2104.04028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a type of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that causes various respiratory tract infections including asthma. Chlamydia species infect humans and cause respiratory infection by rupturing the lining of the respiratory which includes the throat, lungs and windpipe. Meanwhile, the function of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in Ch. pneumoniae respiratory infection and its association with the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in adulthood and causing allergic airway disease (AAD) are not understood properly. We therefore investigated the role of IL-4 in respiratory infection and allergy caused by early life Chlamydia infection. In this study, Ch. pneumonia strain was propagated and cultured in HEp-2 cells according to standard protocol and infant C57BL/6 mice around 3-4 weeks old were infected to study the role of IL-4 in respiratory infection and allergy caused by early life Chlamydia infection. We observed that IL-4 is linked with Chlamydia respiratory infection and its absence lowers respiratory infection. IL-4R α2 is also responsible for controlling the IL-4 signaling pathway and averts the progression of infection and inflammation. Furthermore, the IL-4 signaling pathway also influences infection-induced AHR and aids in increasing AAD severity. STAT6 also promotes respiratory infection caused by Ch. pneumoniae and further enhanced its downstream process. Our study concluded that IL-4 is a potential target for preventing infection-induced AHR and severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Five Sense Organs, People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, P.R. China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, P.R. China
| | - Jianbing Zu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, P.R. China
| | - Xuecheng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-755-27745128 Fax: +86-755-27745128 E-mail:
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4
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Kuchibhotla VNS, Starkey MR, Reid AT, Heijink IH, Nawijn MC, Hansbro PM, Knight DA. Inhibition of β-Catenin/CREB Binding Protein Signaling Attenuates House Dust Mite-Induced Goblet Cell Metaplasia in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690531. [PMID: 34385933 PMCID: PMC8353457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive mucus production is a major feature of allergic asthma. Disruption of epithelial junctions by allergens such as house dust mite (HDM) results in the activation of β-catenin signaling, which has been reported to stimulate goblet cell differentiation. β-catenin interacts with various co-activators including CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300, thereby regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, respectively. We specifically investigated the role of the β-catenin/CBP signaling pathway in goblet cell metaplasia in a HDM-induced allergic airway disease model in mice using ICG-001, a small molecule inhibitor that blocks the binding of CBP to β-catenin. Female 6- 8-week-old BALB/c mice were sensitized to HDM/saline on days 0, 1, and 2, followed by intranasal challenge with HDM/saline with or without subcutaneous ICG-001/vehicle treatment from days 14 to 17, and samples harvested 24 h after the last challenge/treatment. Differential inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were enumerated. Alcian blue (AB)/Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining was used to identify goblet cells/mucus production, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was assessed using invasive plethysmography. Exposure to HDM induced airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia and increased AHR, with increased airway resistance in response to the non-specific spasmogen methacholine. Inhibition of the β-catenin/CBP pathway using treatment with ICG-001 significantly attenuated the HDM-induced goblet cell metaplasia and infiltration of macrophages, but had no effect on eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes or AHR. Increased β-catenin/CBP signaling may promote HDM-induced goblet cell metaplasia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virinchi N S Kuchibhotla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Irene H Heijink
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Xiang W, Yu N, Lei A, Li X, Tan S, Huang L, Zhou Z. Insights Into Host Cell Cytokines in Chlamydia Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639834. [PMID: 34093528 PMCID: PMC8176227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydial infection causes a number of clinically relevant diseases and induces significant morbidity in humans. Immune and inflammatory responses contribute to both the clearance of Chlamydia infection and pathology in host tissues. Chlamydia infection stimulates host cells to produce a large number of cytokines that trigger and regulate host immune responses against Chlamydia. However, inappropriate responses can occur with excessive production of cytokines, resulting in overreactive inflammatory responses and alterations in host or Chlamydia metabolism. As a result, Chlamydia persists and causes wound healing delays, leading to more severe tissue damage and triggering long-lasting fibrotic sequelae. Here, we summarize the roles of cytokines in Chlamydia infection and pathogenesis, thus advancing our understanding chlamydial infection biology and the pathogenic mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nanyan Yu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shui Tan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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6
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Nazareth L, Walkden H, Chacko A, Delbaz A, Shelper T, Armitage CW, Reshamwala R, Trim LK, St John JA, Beagley KW, Ekberg JAK. Chlamydia muridarum Can Invade the Central Nervous System via the Olfactory and Trigeminal Nerves and Infect Peripheral Nerve Glial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:607779. [PMID: 33489937 PMCID: PMC7819965 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.607779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae can infect the brain and has been linked to late-onset dementia. Chlamydia muridarum, which infects mice, is often used to model human chlamydial infections. While it has been suggested to be also important for modelling brain infection, nervous system infection by C. muridarum has not been reported in the literature. C. pneumoniae has been shown to infect the olfactory bulb in mice after intranasal inoculation, and has therefore been suggested to invade the brain via the olfactory nerve; however, nerve infection has not been shown to date. Another path by which certain bacteria can reach the brain is via the trigeminal nerve, but it remains unknown whether Chlamydia species can infect this nerve. Other bacteria that can invade the brain via the olfactory and/or trigeminal nerve can do so rapidly, however, whether Chlamydia spp. can reach the brain earlier than one-week post inoculation remains unknown. In the current study, we showed that C. muridarum can within 48 h invade the brain via the olfactory nerve, in addition to infecting the trigeminal nerve. We also cultured the glial cells of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and showed that C. muridarum readily infected the cells, constituting a possible cellular mechanism explaining how the bacteria can invade the nerves without being eliminated by glial immune functions. Further, we demonstrated that olfactory and trigeminal glia differed in their responses to C. muridarum, with olfactory glia showing less infection and stronger immune response than trigeminal glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Nazareth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Heidi Walkden
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Anu Chacko
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Delbaz
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Todd Shelper
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Charles W Armitage
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ronak Reshamwala
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Logan K Trim
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James A St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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7
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Pinkerton JW, Kim RY, Koeninger L, Armbruster NS, Hansbro NG, Brown AC, Jayaraman R, Shen S, Malek N, Cooper MA, Nordkild P, Horvat JC, Jensen BAH, Wehkamp J, Hansbro PM. Human β-defensin-2 suppresses key features of asthma in murine models of allergic airways disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 51:120-131. [PMID: 33098152 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is an airway inflammatory disease and a major health problem worldwide. Anti-inflammatory steroids and bronchodilators are the gold-standard therapy for asthma. However, they do not prevent the development of the disease, and critically, a subset of asthmatics are resistant to steroid therapy. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the therapeutic potential of human β-defensins (hBD), such as hBD2 mild to moderate and severe asthma. METHODS We investigated the role of hBD2 in a steroid-sensitive, house dust mite-induced allergic airways disease (AAD) model and a steroid-insensitive model combining ovalbumin-induced AAD with C muridarum (Cmu) respiratory infection. RESULTS In both models, we demonstrated that therapeutic intranasal application of hBD2 significantly reduced the influx of inflammatory cells into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, key type 2 asthma-related cytokines IL-9 and IL-13, as well as additional immunomodulating cytokines, were significantly decreased after administration of hBD2 in the steroid-sensitive model. The suppression of inflammation was associated with improvements in airway physiology and treatment also suppressed airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in terms of airway resistance and compliance to methacholine challenge. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data indicate that hBD2 reduces the hallmark features and has potential as a new therapeutic agent in allergic and especially steroid-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Pinkerton
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louis Koeninger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ranjith Jayaraman
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sijie Shen
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nisar Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Peter Nordkild
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin A H Jensen
- Section for Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Shastri MD, Chong WC, Dua K, Peterson GM, Patel RP, Mahmood MQ, Tambuwala M, Chellappan DK, Hansbro NG, Shukla SD, Hansbro PM. Emerging concepts and directed therapeutics for the management of asthma: regulating the regulators. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:15-33. [PMID: 33152094 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, heterogeneous and serious disease, its prevalence has steadily risen in most parts of the world, and the condition is often inadequately controlled in many patients. Hence, there is a major need for new therapeutic approaches. Mild-to-moderate asthma is considered a T-helper cell type-2-mediated inflammatory disorder that develops due to abnormal immune responses to otherwise innocuous allergens. Prolonged exposure to allergens and persistent inflammation results in myofibroblast infiltration and airway remodelling with mucus hypersecretion, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, and excess collagen deposition. The airways become hyper-responsive to provocation resulting in the characteristic wheezing and obstructed airflow experienced by patients. Extensive research has progressed the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the development of new treatments for the management of asthma. Here, we review the basis of the disease, covering new areas such as the role of vascularisation and microRNAs, as well as associated potential therapeutic interventions utilising reports from animal and human studies. We also cover novel drug delivery strategies that are being developed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Potential avenues to explore to improve the future of asthma management are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur D Shastri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gregory M Peterson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rahul P Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Malik Q Mahmood
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. .,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia. .,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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9
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Paudel KR, Dharwal V, Patel VK, Galvao I, Wadhwa R, Malyla V, Shen SS, Budden KF, Hansbro NG, Vaughan A, Yang IA, Kohonen-Corish MRJ, Bebawy M, Dua K, Hansbro PM. Role of Lung Microbiome in Innate Immune Response Associated With Chronic Lung Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:554. [PMID: 33043031 PMCID: PMC7530186 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung fibrosis, and lung cancer, pose a huge socio-economic burden on society and are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In the past, culture-dependent techniques could not detect bacteria in the lungs, therefore the lungs were considered a sterile environment. However, the development of culture-independent techniques, particularly 16S rRNA sequencing, allowed for the detection of commensal microbes in the lung and with further investigation, their roles in disease have since emerged. In healthy individuals, the predominant commensal microbes are of phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, including those of the genera Veillonella and Prevotella. In contrast, pathogenic microbes (Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas) are often associated with lung diseases. There is growing evidence that microbial metabolites, structural components, and toxins from pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria have the capacity to stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, and therefore can contribute to the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Here we review the multiple mechanisms that are altered by pathogenic microbiomes in asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and lung fibrosis. Furthermore, we focus on the recent exciting advancements in therapies that can be used to restore altered microbiomes in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vyoma K Patel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Izabela Galvao
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vamshikrishna Malyla
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sj Sijie Shen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kurtis F Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annalicia Vaughan
- Faculty of Medicine, Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maija R J Kohonen-Corish
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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10
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Galvão I, Kim RY, Shen S, Budden KF, Vieira AT, Hansbro PM. Emerging therapeutic targets and preclinical models for severe asthma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:845-857. [PMID: 32569487 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1786535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with complex multifactorial causes. It is possible to subclassify asthma into different phenotypes that have distinct immunological features. Eosinophilic asthma is a well-known phenotype of severe asthma; however, a large body of clinical and experimental evidence strongly associates persistent airway inflammation, including the accumulation of neutrophils in the bronchial mucosa, and resistance to corticosteroid therapy and non-Type-2 immune responses with severe asthma. Importantly, mainstay therapies are often ineffective in severe asthma and effective alternatives are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED Here, we discussed recently developed mouse models of severe asthma that recapitulates key features of the disease in humans. We also provide findings from clinically relevant experimental models that have identified potential therapeutic targets for severe asthma. The most relevant publications on the topic of interest were selected from PubMed. EXPERT COMMENTARY Increasing the understanding of disease-causing mechanisms in severe asthma may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of more effective therapies. Intense research interest into investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of severe asthma has driven the development and interrogation of a myriad of mouse models that aim to replicate hallmark features of severe asthma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Galvão
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle , Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sijie Shen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Kurtis F Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle , Newcastle, Australia
| | - Angélica T Vieira
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle , Newcastle, Australia
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11
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Ali MK, Kim RY, Brown AC, Mayall JR, Karim R, Pinkerton JW, Liu G, Martin KL, Starkey MR, Pillar AL, Donovan C, Pathinayake PS, Carroll OR, Trinder D, Tay HL, Badi YE, Kermani NZ, Guo YK, Aryal R, Mumby S, Pavlidis S, Adcock IM, Weaver J, Xenaki D, Oliver BG, Holliday EG, Foster PS, Wark PA, Johnstone DM, Milward EA, Hansbro PM, Horvat JC. Crucial role for lung iron level and regulation in the pathogenesis and severity of asthma. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01340-2019. [PMID: 32184317 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01340-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence highlights links between iron regulation and respiratory disease. Here, we assessed the relationship between iron levels and regulatory responses in clinical and experimental asthma.We show that cell-free iron levels are reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatant of severe or mild-moderate asthma patients and correlate with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Conversely, iron-loaded cell numbers were increased in BAL in these patients and with lower FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. The airway tissue expression of the iron sequestration molecules divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) are increased in asthma, with TFR1 expression correlating with reduced lung function and increased Type-2 (T2) inflammatory responses in the airways. Furthermore, pulmonary iron levels are increased in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced model of experimental asthma in association with augmented Tfr1 expression in airway tissue, similar to human disease. We show that macrophages are the predominant source of increased Tfr1 and Tfr1+ macrophages have increased Il13 expression. We also show that increased iron levels induce increased pro-inflammatory cytokine and/or extracellular matrix (ECM) responses in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and fibroblasts ex vivo and induce key features of asthma in vivo, including airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and fibrosis, and T2 inflammatory responses.Together these complementary clinical and experimental data highlight the importance of altered pulmonary iron levels and regulation in asthma, and the need for a greater focus on the role and potential therapeutic targeting of iron in the pathogenesis and severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rafia Karim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - James W Pinkerton
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Respiratory Pharmacology and Toxicology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristy L Martin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Dept of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amber L Pillar
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Olivia R Carroll
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- Medical School, Harry Perkins Medical Research Institute, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Hock L Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Yusef E Badi
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nazanin Z Kermani
- Data Science Institute, Dept of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Data Science Institute, Dept of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ritambhara Aryal
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stelios Pavlidis
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Weaver
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dikaia Xenaki
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
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12
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Woods JJ, Skelding KA, Martin KL, Aryal R, Sontag E, Johnstone DM, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM, Milward EA. Assessment of evidence for or against contributions of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections to Alzheimer's disease etiology. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:22-32. [PMID: 31626972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, was first formally described in 1907 yet its etiology has remained elusive. Recent proposals that Aβ peptide may be part of the brain immune response have revived longstanding contention about the possibility of causal relationships between brain pathogens and Alzheimer's disease. Research has focused on infectious pathogens that may colonize the brain such as herpes simplex type I. Some researchers have proposed the respiratory bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae may also be implicated in Alzheimer's disease, however this remains controversial. This review aims to provide a balanced overview of the current evidence and its limitations and future approaches that may resolve controversies. We discuss the evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies proposed to implicate Chlamydia pneumoniae in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological conditions, the potential mechanisms by which the bacterium may contribute to pathogenesis and limitations of previous studies that may explain the inconsistencies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Woods
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kathryn A Skelding
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kristy L Martin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, Anderson Stuart Building F13, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ritambhara Aryal
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, Anderson Stuart Building F13, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
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13
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Wadhwa R, Dua K, Adcock IM, Horvat JC, Kim RY, Hansbro PM. Cellular mechanisms underlying steroid-resistant asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190096. [PMID: 31636089 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0096-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe steroid-resistant asthma is clinically important, as patients with this form of the disease do not respond to mainstay corticosteroid therapies. The heterogeneity of this form of asthma and poor understanding of the pathological mechanisms involved hinder the identification of therapeutic targets and the development of more effective therapies. A major limiting factor in the understanding of severe steroid-resistant asthma is the existence of multiple endotypes represented by different immunological and inflammatory phenotypes, particularly in adults. Several clinical and experimental studies have revealed associations between specific respiratory infections and steroid-resistant asthma in adults. Here, we discuss recent findings from other authors as well as our own studies that have developed novel experimental models for interrogating the association between respiratory infections and severe steroid-resistant asthma. These models have enabled the identification of new therapies using macrolides, as well as several novel disease mechanisms, including the microRNA-21/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/histone deacetylase 2 axis and NLRP3 inflammasomes, and highlight the potential of these mechanisms as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Ian M Adcock
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Liu G, Cooley MA, Jarnicki AG, Borghuis T, Nair PM, Tjin G, Hsu AC, Haw TJ, Fricker M, Harrison CL, Jones B, Hansbro NG, Wark PA, Horvat JC, Argraves WS, Oliver BG, Knight DA, Burgess JK, Hansbro PM. Fibulin-1c regulates transforming growth factor-β activation in pulmonary tissue fibrosis. JCI Insight 2019; 5:124529. [PMID: 31343988 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue remodeling/fibrosis is a major feature of all fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It is underpinned by accumulating extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Fibulin-1c (Fbln1c) is a matricellular ECM protein associated with lung fibrosis in both humans and mice, and stabilizes collagen formation. Here we discovered that Fbln1c was increased in the lung tissues of IPF patients and experimental bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Fbln1c-deficient (-/-) mice had reduced pulmonary remodeling/fibrosis and improved lung function after bleomycin challenge. Fbln1c interacted with fibronectin, periostin and tenascin-c in collagen deposits following bleomycin challenge. In a novel mechanism of fibrosis Fbln1c bound to latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-β binding protein-1 (LTBP1) to induce TGF-β activation, and mediated downstream Smad3 phosphorylation/signaling. This process increased myofibroblast numbers and collagen deposition. Fbln1 and LTBP1 co-localized in lung tissues from IPF patients. Thus, Fbln1c may be a novel driver of TGF-β-induced fibrosis involving LTBP1 and may be an upstream therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marion A Cooley
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theo Borghuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Prema M Nair
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gavin Tjin
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan C Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Fricker
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Celeste L Harrison
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W Scott Argraves
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Chen H, Wen Y, Li Z. Clear Victory for Chlamydia: The Subversion of Host Innate Immunity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1412. [PMID: 31333596 PMCID: PMC6619438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, members of the Chlamydia genera are the pivotal triggers for a wide range of infections, which can lead to blinding trachoma, pelvic inflammation, and respiratory diseases. Because of their restricted parasitism inside eukaryotic cells, the pathogens have to develop multiple strategies for adaptation with the hostile intracellular environment—intrinsically present in all host cells—to survive. The strategies that are brought into play at different stages of chlamydial development mainly involve interfering with diverse innate immune responses, such as innate immune recognition, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, as well as the manipulation of innate immune cells to serve as potential niches for chlamydial replication. This review will focus on the innate immune responses against chlamydial infection, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanisms used by the Chlamydia spp. to counteract host innate immune defenses. Insights into these subtle pathogenic mechanisms not only provide a rationale for the augmentation of immune responses against chlamydial infection but also open avenues for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms driving the survival of these clinically important pathogens in host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yating Wen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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16
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Abstract
The airways are under continuous assault from aerosolized bacteria and oral flora. The bacteria present in the airways and gastrointestinal tract of neonates promote immune maturation and protect against asthma pathogenesis. Later bacterial infections and perturbations to the microbiome can contribute to asthma pathogenesis, persistence, and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Insel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245017, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245017, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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17
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Sanchez LR, Godoy GJ, Gorosito Serrán M, Breser ML, Fiocca Vernengo F, Engel P, Motrich RD, Gruppi A, Rivero VE. IL-10 Producing B Cells Dampen Protective T Cell Response and Allow Chlamydia muridarum Infection of the Male Genital Tract. Front Immunol 2019; 10:356. [PMID: 30881362 PMCID: PMC6405527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of individuals develop chronic, persistent and recurrent genital tract infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, which has been attributed to the numerous strategies that the bacterium uses to subvert host immune responses. Animal chlamydia models have demonstrated that protective immune response is mediated by CD4+ Th1 cytokine responses. Herein, we demonstrate that early after infecting the male genital tract, C. muridarum triggers the production of IL-10 by splenic and lymph node cells. In addition, C. muridarum triggers IL-6 and TNFα secretion. Data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed B cells as the major IL-10 contributors. Indeed, purified B cells produced high amounts of IL-10 and also exhibited enhanced expression of inhibitory molecules such as CD39, PD-L1 and PD1 after C. muridarum stimulation. In vitro experiments performed with sorted cell subsets revealed that Marginal Zone B cells were the main IL-10 producers. In vitro and in vivo studies using TLR-deficient mice indicated that TLR4 signaling pathway was essential for IL-10 production. In addition, in vivo treatments to neutralize IL-10 or deplete B cells indicated that IL-10 and B cells played a significant role in delaying bacterial clearance ability. Moreover, the latter was confirmed by adoptive cell transfer experiments in which the absence of IL-10-producing B cells conferred the host a greater capability to induce Th1 responses and clear the infection. Interestingly, NOD mice, which were the least efficient in clearing the infection, presented much more Marginal Zone B counts and also enhanced TLR4 expression on Marginal Zone B cells when compared to B6 and BALB/c mice. Besides, treatment with antibodies that selectively deplete Marginal Zone B cells rendered mice more capable of inducing enhanced IFNγ responses and clearing the infection. Our findings suggest that B cells play a detrimental role in C. muridarum infection and that activation by innate receptors like TLR4 and IL-10 production by these cells could be used by Chlamydia spp. as a strategy to modulate the immune response establishing chronic infections in susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria J Godoy
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Gorosito Serrán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria L Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben D Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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18
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Hansbro PM, Kim RY, Starkey MR, Donovan C, Dua K, Mayall JR, Liu G, Hansbro NG, Simpson JL, Wood LG, Hirota JA, Knight DA, Foster PS, Horvat JC. Mechanisms and treatments for severe, steroid-resistant allergic airway disease and asthma. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:41-62. [PMID: 28658552 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe, steroid-resistant asthma is clinically and economically important since affected individuals do not respond to mainstay corticosteroid treatments for asthma. Patients with this disease experience more frequent exacerbations of asthma, are more likely to be hospitalized, and have a poorer quality of life. Effective therapies are urgently required, however, their development has been hampered by a lack of understanding of the pathological processes that underpin disease. A major obstacle to understanding the processes that drive severe, steroid-resistant asthma is that the several endotypes of the disease have been described that are characterized by different inflammatory and immunological phenotypes. This heterogeneity makes pinpointing processes that drive disease difficult in humans. Clinical studies strongly associate specific respiratory infections with severe, steroid-resistant asthma. In this review, we discuss key findings from our studies where we describe the development of representative experimental models to improve our understanding of the links between infection and severe, steroid-resistant forms of this disease. We also discuss their use in elucidating the mechanisms, and their potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies, for severe, steroid-resistant asthma. Finally, we highlight how the immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets we have identified may be applicable to obesity-or pollution-associated asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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19
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Webley WC, Hahn DL. Infection-mediated asthma: etiology, mechanisms and treatment options, with focus on Chlamydia pneumoniae and macrolides. Respir Res 2017; 18:98. [PMID: 28526018 PMCID: PMC5437656 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness to non-specific bronchoconstriction agonists as the primary underlying pathophysiology. The worldwide incidence of asthma has increased dramatically in the last 40 years. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, over 300 million children and adults worldwide currently suffer from this incurable disease and 255,000 die from the disease each year. It is now well accepted that asthma is a heterogeneous syndrome and many clinical subtypes have been described. Viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (hRV) have been implicated in asthma exacerbation in children because of their ability to cause severe airway inflammation and wheezing. Infections with atypical bacteria also appear to play a role in the induction and exacerbation of asthma in both children and adults. Recent studies confirm the existence of an infectious asthma etiology mediated by Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) and possibly by other viral, bacterial and fungal microbes. It is also likely that early-life infections with microbes such as CP could lead to alterations in the lung microbiome that significantly affect asthma risk and treatment outcomes. These infectious microbes may exacerbate the symptoms of established chronic asthma and may even contribute to the initial development of the clinical onset of the disease. It is now becoming more widely accepted that patterns of airway inflammation differ based on the trigger responsible for asthma initiation and exacerbation. Therefore, a better understanding of asthma subtypes is now being explored more aggressively, not only to decipher pathophysiologic mechanisms but also to select treatment and guide prognoses. This review will explore infection-mediated asthma with special emphasis on the protean manifestations of CP lung infection, clinical characteristics of infection-mediated asthma, mechanisms involved and antibiotic treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmore C. Webley
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Rd. Life Science Laboratory Building N229, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - David L. Hahn
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1100 Delaplaine Court, Madison, WI 53715 USA
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20
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Edwards MR, Saglani S, Schwarze J, Skevaki C, Smith JA, Ainsworth B, Almond M, Andreakos E, Belvisi MG, Chung KF, Cookson W, Cullinan P, Hawrylowicz C, Lommatzsch M, Jackson D, Lutter R, Marsland B, Moffatt M, Thomas M, Virchow JC, Xanthou G, Edwards J, Walker S, Johnston SL. Addressing unmet needs in understanding asthma mechanisms: From the European Asthma Research and Innovation Partnership (EARIP) Work Package (WP)2 collaborators. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/5/1602448. [PMID: 28461300 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02448-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous, complex disease with clinical phenotypes that incorporate persistent symptoms and acute exacerbations. It affects many millions of Europeans throughout their education and working lives and puts a heavy cost on European productivity. There is a wide spectrum of disease severity and control. Therapeutic advances have been slow despite greater understanding of basic mechanisms and the lack of satisfactory preventative and disease modifying management for asthma constitutes a significant unmet clinical need. Preventing, treating and ultimately curing asthma requires co-ordinated research and innovation across Europe. The European Asthma Research and Innovation Partnership (EARIP) is an FP7-funded programme which has taken a co-ordinated and integrated approach to analysing the future of asthma research and development. This report aims to identify the mechanistic areas in which investment is required to bring about significant improvements in asthma outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rene Lutter
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Marsland
- University of Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Georgina Xanthou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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21
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Starkey MR, Nguyen DH, Brown AC, Essilfie AT, Kim RY, Yagita H, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Programmed Death Ligand 1 Promotes Early-Life Chlamydia Respiratory Infection-Induced Severe Allergic Airway Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:493-503. [PMID: 26378990 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0204oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia infections are frequent causes of respiratory illness, particularly pneumonia in infants, and are linked to permanent reductions in lung function and the induction of asthma. However, the immune responses that protect against early-life infection and the mechanisms that lead to chronic lung disease are incompletely understood. In the current study, we investigated the role of programmed death (PD)-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 in promoting early-life Chlamydia respiratory infection, and infection-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and severe allergic airway disease in later life. Infection increased PD-1 and PD-L1, but not PD-L2, mRNA expression in the lung. Flow cytometric analysis of whole lung homogenates identified monocytes, dendritic cells, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells as major sources of PD-1 and PD-L1. Inhibition of PD-1 and PD-L1, but not PD-L2, during infection ablated infection-induced AHR in later life. Given that PD-L1 was the most highly up-regulated and its targeting prevented infection-induced AHR, subsequent analyses focused on this ligand. Inhibition of PD-L1 had no effect on Chlamydia load but suppressed infection-induced pulmonary inflammation. Infection decreased the levels of the IL-13 decoy receptor in the lung, which were restored to baseline levels by inhibition of PD-L1. Finally, inhibition of PD-L1 during infection prevented subsequent infection-induced severe allergic airways disease in later life by decreasing IL-13 levels, Gob-5 expression, mucus production, and AHR. Thus, early-life Chlamydia respiratory infection-induced PD-L1 promotes severe inflammation during infection, permanent reductions in lung function, and the development of more severe allergic airway disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm R Starkey
- 1 Center for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; and
| | - Duc H Nguyen
- 1 Center for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; and
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- 1 Center for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; and
| | - Ama-Tawiah Essilfie
- 1 Center for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; and
| | - Richard Y Kim
- 1 Center for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; and
| | - Hideo Yagita
- 2 Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jay C Horvat
- 1 Center for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; and
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- 1 Center for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; and
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22
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Kim RY, Rae B, Neal R, Donovan C, Pinkerton J, Balachandran L, Starkey MR, Knight DA, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Elucidating novel disease mechanisms in severe asthma. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e91. [PMID: 27525064 PMCID: PMC4973321 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids are broadly active and potent anti-inflammatory agents that, despite the introduction of biologics, remain as the mainstay therapy for many chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, nephrotic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Significantly, there are cohorts of these patients with poor sensitivity to steroid treatment even with high doses, which can lead to many iatrogenic side effects. The dose-limiting toxicity of corticosteroids, and the lack of effective therapeutic alternatives, leads to substantial excess morbidity and healthcare expenditure. We have developed novel murine models of respiratory infection-induced, severe, steroid-resistant asthma that recapitulate the hallmark features of the human disease. These models can be used to elucidate novel disease mechanisms and identify new therapeutic targets in severe asthma. Hypothesis-driven studies can elucidate the roles of specific factors and pathways. Alternatively, 'Omics approaches can be used to rapidly generate new targets. Similar approaches can be used in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brittany Rae
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Neal
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Pinkerton
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lohis Balachandran
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Thorburn AN, Tseng HY, Donovan C, Hansbro NG, Jarnicki AG, Foster PS, Gibson PG, Hansbro PM. TLR2, TLR4 AND MyD88 Mediate Allergic Airway Disease (AAD) and Streptococcus pneumoniae-Induced Suppression of AAD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156402. [PMID: 27309732 PMCID: PMC4911048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to non-pathogenic Streptococcus pneumoniae and vaccination are inversely associated with asthma. Studies in animal models demonstrate that airway administration of S. pneumoniae (live or killed), or its vaccines or components, suppresses the characteristic features of asthma in mouse models of allergic airway disease (AAD). These components could be developed into immunoregulatory therapies. S. pneumoniae components are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and TLR4, and both induce inflammatory cell responses through the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88). The involvement of TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 in the pathogenesis of AAD and asthma is incompletely understood, and has not been studied in S. pneumoniae-mediated suppression of AAD. We investigated the role of TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 in the development of AAD and S. pneumoniae-mediated suppression of AAD. Methods and Findings OVA-induced AAD and killed S. pneumoniae-mediated suppression of AAD were assessed in wild-type, TLR2-/-, TLR4-/-, TLR2/4-/- and MyD88-/- BALB/c mice. During OVA-induced AAD, TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 were variously involved in promoting eosinophil accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood, and T-helper type (Th)2 cytokine release from mediastinal lymph node T cells and splenocytes. However, all were required for the induction of airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In S. pneumoniae-mediated suppression of AAD, TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 were variously involved in the suppression of eosinophilic and splenocyte Th2 responses but all were required for the reduction in AHR. Conclusions These results highlight important but complex roles for TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 in promoting the development of OVA-induced AAD, but conversely in the S. pneumoniae-mediated suppression of AAD, with consistent and major contributions in both the induction and suppression of AHR. Thus, TLR signaling is likely required for both the development of asthma and the suppression of asthma by S. pneumoniae, and potentially other immunoregulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison N. Thorburn
- The Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- The Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- The Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole G. Hansbro
- The Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Jarnicki
- The Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul S. Foster
- The Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- The Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- The Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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24
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Hildebrand D, Heeg K, Kubatzky KF. Pasteurella multocida Toxin Manipulates T Cell Differentiation. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1273. [PMID: 26635744 PMCID: PMC4652077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida causes various diseases in a broad range of wild and domestic animals. Toxigenic strains of the serotypes A and D produce an AB protein toxin named Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT). PMT constitutively activates the heterotrimeric G protein subunits Gαq, Gα13, and Gαi through deamidation of a glutamine residue, which results in cytoskeletal rearrangements as well as increased proliferation and survival of the host cell. In human monocytes, PMT alters the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation toward a phenotype that suppresses T cell activation. Here we describe that the toxin also modulates CD4-positive T helper (Th) cells directly. PMT amplifies the expansion of Th cells through enhanced cell cycle progression and suppression of apoptosis and manipulates the differentiation of Th subclasses through activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family members and induction of subtype-specific master transcription factors. A large population of toxin-treated T cells is double-positive for Foxp3 and RORγt, the transcription factors expressed by Treg and Th17 cells, respectively. This suggests that these cells could have the potential to turn into Th17 cells or suppressive Treg cells. However, in terms of function, the PMT-differentiated cells behave as inflammatory Th17 cells that produce IL-17 and trigger T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Hildebrand
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Pulmonary immunity during respiratory infections in early life and the development of severe asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 11 Suppl 5:S297-302. [PMID: 25525736 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201402-086aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects 10% of the population in Westernized countries, being most common in children. It is a heterogeneous condition characterized by chronic allergic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to normally innocuous antigens. Combination therapies with inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators effectively manage mild to moderate asthma, but there are no cures, and patients with severe asthma do not respond to these treatments. The inception of asthma is linked to respiratory viral (respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus) and bacterial (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma) infections. The examination of mouse models of early-life infections and allergic airway disease (AAD) provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of disease inception that may lead to the development of more effective therapeutics. For example, early-life, but not adult, Chlamydia respiratory infections in mice permanently modify immunity and lung physiology. This increases the severity of AAD by promoting IL-13 expression, mucus hypersecretion, and AHR. We have identified novel roles for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and IL-13 in promoting infection-induced pathology in early life and subsequent chronic lung disease. Genetic deletion of TRAIL or IL-13 variously protected against neonatal infection-induced inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, altered lung structure, AHR, and impaired lung function. Therapeutic neutralization of these factors prevented infection-induced severe AAD. Other novel mechanisms and avenues for intervention are also being explored. Such studies indicate the immunological mechanisms that may underpin the association between early-life respiratory infections and the development of more severe asthma and may facilitate the development of tailored preventions and treatments.
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26
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Abstract
Many important human diseases, such as asthma, have their developmental origins in early life. Respiratory infections in particular may alter the course of asthma and may either protect against or promote the development of this disease. It is likely that the nature of the effects depends on the type and age of infection and is determined by the impact of infection on the immune and respiratory systems. Immunity in early life is plastic and can be moulded by antigen encounter, which may enhance or reinforce the asthmatic phenotype of early life, or induce protective responses. Chlamydial respiratory infections have specific effects and may increase asthma severity in early life by promoting systemic interleukin 13 responses and causing permanent changes in lung structure. Respiratory viral infections, such as those of respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus, promote pro-asthmatic responses in early life that contribute to the induction of asthma. By contrast, probiotics or infection or exposure to certain bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, may have protective effects in asthma by increasing the numbers and activity of regulatory T cells. Here, we review the impact of infections on the developmental origins of asthma. Understanding these effects may lead to new therapeutic approaches for asthma that either target deleterious infections or utilize beneficial ones.
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27
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Dobbs NA, Zhou X, Pulse M, Hodge LM, Schoeb TR, Simecka JW. Antigen-pulsed bone marrow-derived and pulmonary dendritic cells promote Th2 cell responses and immunopathology in lungs during the pathogenesis of murine Mycoplasma pneumonia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1353-63. [PMID: 24973442 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are a common cause of pneumonia in humans and animals, and attempts to create vaccines have not only failed to generate protective host responses, but they have exacerbated the disease. Mycoplasma pulmonis causes a chronic inflammatory lung disease resulting from a persistent infection, similar to other mycoplasma respiratory diseases. Using this model, Th1 subsets promote resistance to mycoplasma disease and infection, whereas Th2 responses contribute to immunopathology. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of cytokine-differentiated dendritic cell (DC) populations to influence the generation of protective and/or pathologic immune responses during M. pulmonis respiratory disease in BALB/c mice. We hypothesized that intratracheal inoculation of mycoplasma Ag-pulsed bone marrow-derived DCs could result in the generation of protective T cell responses during mycoplasma infection. However, intratracheal inoculation (priming) of mice with Ag-pulsed DCs resulted in enhanced pathology in the recipient mice when challenged with mycoplasma. Inoculation of immunodeficient SCID mice with Ag-pulsed DCs demonstrated that this effect was dependent on lymphocyte responses. Similar results were observed when mice were primed with Ag-pulsed pulmonary, but not splenic, DCs. Lymphocytes generated in uninfected mice after the transfer of either Ag-pulsed bone marrow-derived DCs or pulmonary DCs were shown to be IL-13(+) Th2 cells, known to be associated with immunopathology. Thus, resident pulmonary DCs most likely promote the development of immunopathology in mycoplasma disease through the generation of mycoplasma-specific Th2 responses. Vaccination strategies that disrupt or bypass this process could potentially result in a more effective vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Dobbs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mark Pulse
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107; and
| | - Lisa M Hodge
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107; and
| | - Trenton R Schoeb
- Division of Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jerry W Simecka
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107; and
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Starkey MR, Nguyen DH, Essilfie AT, Kim RY, Hatchwell LM, Collison AM, Yagita H, Foster PS, Horvat JC, Mattes J, Hansbro PM. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand translates neonatal respiratory infection into chronic lung disease. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:478-88. [PMID: 24045576 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory infections in early life can lead to chronic respiratory disease. Chlamydia infections are common causes of respiratory disease, particularly pneumonia in neonates, and are linked to permanent reductions in pulmonary function and the induction of asthma. However, the immune responses that protect against early-life infection and the mechanisms that lead to chronic lung disease are incompletely understood. Here we identify novel roles for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in promoting Chlamydia respiratory infection-induced pathology in early life, and subsequent chronic lung disease. By infecting TRAIL-deficient neonatal mice and using neutralizing antibodies against this factor and its receptors in wild-type mice, we demonstrate that TRAIL is critical in promoting infection-induced histopathology, inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion, as well as subsequent alveolar enlargement and impaired lung function. This suggests that therapeutic agents that target TRAIL or its receptors may be effective treatments for early-life respiratory infections and associated chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D H Nguyen
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A T Essilfie
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L M Hatchwell
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A M Collison
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Mattes
- 1] Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia [2] Pediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, Newcastle Children's Hospital, Kaleidoscope, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Heijink IH, Nawijn MC, Hackett TL. Airway epithelial barrier function regulates the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:620-30. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - M. C. Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - T.-L. Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation; St Paul's Hospital; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Hallstrand TS, Hackett TL, Altemeier WA, Matute-Bello G, Hansbro PM, Knight DA. Airway epithelial regulation of pulmonary immune homeostasis and inflammation. Clin Immunol 2014; 151:1-15. [PMID: 24503171 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic, structural and functional studies have identified the airway and lung epithelium as a key orchestrator of the immune response. Further, there is now strong evidence that epithelium dysfunction is involved in the development of inflammatory disorders of the lung. Here we review the characteristic immune responses that are orchestrated by the epithelium in response to diverse triggers such as pollutants, cigarette smoke, bacterial peptides, and viruses. We focus in part on the role of epithelium-derived interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), as well as CC family chemokines as critical regulators of the immune response. We cite examples of the function of the epithelium in host defense and the role of epithelium dysfunction in the development of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William A Altemeier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Constitutive production of IL-13 promotes early-life Chlamydia respiratory infection and allergic airway disease. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:569-79. [PMID: 23131786 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious responses to pathogens during infancy may contribute to infection and associated asthma. Chlamydia respiratory infections in early life are common causes of pneumonia and lead to reduced lung function and asthma. We investigated the role of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in promoting early-life Chlamydia respiratory infection, infection-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and severe allergic airway disease (AAD). Infected infant Il13(-/-) mice had reduced infection, inflammation, and mucus-secreting cell hyperplasia. Surprisingly, infection of wild-type (WT) mice did not increase IL-13 production but reduced IL-13Rα2 decoy receptor levels compared with sham-inoculated controls. Infection of WT but not Il13(-/-) mice induced persistent AHR. Infection and associated pathology were restored in infected Il13(-/-) mice by reconstitution with IL-13. Stat6(-/-) mice were also largely protected. Neutralization of IL-13 during infection prevented subsequent infection-induced severe AAD. Thus, early-life Chlamydia respiratory infection reduces IL-13Rα2 production, which may enhance the effects of constitutive IL-13 and promote more severe infection, persistent AHR, and AAD.
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Starkey MR, Jarnicki AG, Essilfie AT, Gellatly SL, Kim RY, Brown AC, Foster PS, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Murine models of infectious exacerbations of airway inflammation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:337-44. [PMID: 23566696 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Airway inflammation underpins the pathogenesis of the major human chronic respiratory diseases. It is now well recognized that respiratory infections with bacteria and viruses are important in the induction, progression and exacerbation of these diseases. There are no effective therapies that prevent or reverse these events. The development and use of mouse models are proving valuable in understanding the role of infection in disease pathogenesis. They have recently been used to show that infections in early life alter immune responses and lung structure to increase asthma severity, and alter immune responses in later life to induce steroid resistance. Infection following smoke exposure or in experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbates inflammation and remodeling, and worsens cystic fibrosis. Further exploration of these models will facilitate the identification of new therapeutic approaches and the testing of new preventions and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Ronald Starkey
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Hansbro PM, Scott GV, Essilfie AT, Kim RY, Starkey MR, Nguyen DH, Allen PD, Kaiko GE, Yang M, Horvat JC, Foster PS. Th2 cytokine antagonists: potential treatments for severe asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 22:49-69. [PMID: 23126660 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.732997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a major disease burden worldwide. Treatment with steroids and long acting β-agonists effectively manage symptoms in many patients but do not treat the underlying cause of disease and have serious side effects when used long term and in children. Therapies targeting the underlying causes of asthma are urgently needed. T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and the cytokines they release are clinically linked to the presentation of all forms of asthma. They are the primary drivers of mild to moderate and allergic asthma. They also play a pathogenetic role in exacerbations and more severe asthma though other factors are also involved. Much effort using animal models and human studies has been dedicated to the identification of the pathogenetic roles of these cells and cytokines and whether inhibition of their activity has therapeutic benefit in asthma. AREAS COVERED We discuss the current status of Th2 cytokine antagonists for the treatment of asthma. We also discuss the potential for targeting Th2-inducing cytokines, Th2 cell receptors and signaling as well as the use of Th2 cell antagonists, small interfering oligonucleotides, microRNAs, and combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION Th2 antagonists may be most effective in particular asthma subtypes/endotypes where specific cytokines are known to be active through the analysis of biomarkers. Targeting common receptors and pathways used by these cytokines may have additional benefit. Animal models have been valuable in identifying therapeutic targets in asthma, however the results from such studies need to be carefully interpreted and applied to appropriately stratified patient cohorts in well-designed clinical studies and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Hansbro
- The University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 2, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
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Chlamydia muridarum lung infection in infants alters hematopoietic cells to promote allergic airway disease in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42588. [PMID: 22870337 PMCID: PMC3411632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections in early-life are linked to the development of allergic airway inflammation and asthma. However, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. We have previously shown that neonatal and infant, but not adult, chlamydial lung infections in mice permanently alter inflammatory phenotype and physiology to increase the severity of allergic airway disease by increasing lung interleukin (IL)-13 expression, mucus hyper-secretion and airway hyper-responsiveness. This occurred through different mechanisms with infection at different ages. Neonatal infection suppressed inflammatory responses but enhanced systemic dendritic cell:T-cell IL-13 release and induced permanent alterations in lung structure (i.e., increased the size of alveoli). Infant infection enhanced inflammatory responses but had no effect on lung structure. Here we investigated the role of hematopoietic cells in these processes using bone marrow chimera studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Neonatal (<24-hours-old), infant (3-weeks-old) and adult (6-weeks-old) mice were infected with C. muridarum. Nine weeks after infection bone marrow was collected and transferred into recipient age-matched irradiated naïve mice. Allergic airway disease was induced (8 weeks after adoptive transfer) by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin. Reconstitution of irradiated naïve mice with bone marrow from mice infected as neonates resulted in the suppression of the hallmark features of allergic airway disease including mucus hyper-secretion and airway hyper-responsiveness, which was associated with decreased IL-13 levels in the lung. In stark contrast, reconstitution with bone marrow from mice infected as infants increased the severity of allergic airway disease by increasing T helper type-2 cell cytokine release (IL-5 and IL-13), mucus hyper-secretion, airway hyper-responsiveness and IL-13 levels in the lung. Reconstitution with bone marrow from infected adult mice had no effects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that an infant chlamydial lung infection results in long lasting alterations in hematopoietic cells that increases the severity of allergic airway disease in later-life.
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Beckett EL, Phipps S, Starkey MR, Horvat JC, Beagley KW, Foster PS, Hansbro PM. TLR2, but not TLR4, is required for effective host defence against Chlamydia respiratory tract infection in early life. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39460. [PMID: 22724018 PMCID: PMC3378543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae commonly causes respiratory tract infections in children, and epidemiological investigations strongly link infection to the pathogenesis of asthma. The immune system in early life is immature and may not respond appropriately to pathogens. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and 4 are regarded as the primary pattern recognition receptors that sense bacteria, however their contribution to innate and adaptive immunity in early life remains poorly defined. We investigated the role of TLR2 and 4 in the induction of immune responses to Chlamydia muridarum respiratory infection, in neonatal wild-type (Wt) or TLR2-deficient (−/−), 4−/− or 2/4−/− BALB/c mice. Wt mice had moderate disease and infection. TLR2−/− mice had more severe disease and more intense and prolonged infection compared to other groups. TLR4−/− mice were asymptomatic. TLR2/4−/− mice had severe early disease and persistent infection, which resolved thereafter consistent with the absence of symptoms in TLR4−/− mice. Wt mice mounted robust innate and adaptive responses with an influx of natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs) dendritic cells, and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells into the lungs. Wt mice also had effective production of interferon (IFN)γ in the lymph nodes and lung, and proliferation of lymph node T-cells. TLR2−/− mice had more intense and persistent innate (particularly neutrophil) and adaptive cell responses and IL-17 expression in the lung, however IFNγ responses and T-cell proliferation were reduced. TLR2/4−/− mice had reduced innate and adaptive responses. Most importantly, neutrophil phagocytosis was impaired in the absence of TLR2. Thus, TLR2 expression, particularly on neutrophils, is required for effective control of Chlamydia respiratory infection in early life. Loss of control of infection leads to enhanced but ineffective TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses that prolong disease symptoms. This indicates that TLR2 agonists may be beneficial in the treatment of early life Chlamydia infections and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Beckett
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Malcolm R. Starkey
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C. Horvat
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth W. Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul S. Foster
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (PMH); (PSF)
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (PMH); (PSF)
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Hahn DL, Schure A, Patel K, Childs T, Drizik E, Webley W. Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific IgE is prevalent in asthma and is associated with disease severity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35945. [PMID: 22545149 PMCID: PMC3335830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) biomarkers have been associated with asthma but Cp-specific IgE (Cp IgE) has not been investigated extensively. Our objective was to investigate Cp IgE in community adult asthma patients. Methods (1) Prevalence of Cp IgE (measured by immunoblotting) and Cp DNA (by polymerase chain reaction) in peripheral blood, and biomarker associations with asthma severity. (2) Case-control studies of Cp IgE association with asthma using healthy blood donor (study 1) and non-asthmatic clinic patient (study 2) controls. Results Of 66 asthma subjects (mean age 40.9 years, range 5–75, 59% male, 45% ever-smokers) 33 (50%) were Cp IgE positive and 16 (24%) were Cp DNA positive (P = 0.001 for association of Cp IgE and DNA). Cp IgE was detected in 21% of mild intermittent asthma v 79% of severe persistent asthma (test for trend over severity categories, P = 0.002). Cp IgE detection was significantly (P = 0.001) associated with asthma when compared to healthy blood donor controls but not when compared to clinic controls. Conclusions Half of this sample of community asthma patients had detectable IgE against C. pneumoniae. Cp IgE was strongly and positively associated with asthma severity and with asthma when healthy blood donor controls were used. These results support the inclusion of Cp IgE as a biomarker in future studies of infectious contributions to asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Hahn
- Departments of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, and Dean Clinic, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Allison Schure
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katir Patel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tawanna Childs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eduard Drizik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wilmore Webley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory diseases of mucosal tissues that affect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, respectively. They share many similarities in epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as in inflammatory pathologies. Importantly, both conditions are accompanied by systemic comorbidities that are largely overlooked in both basic and clinical research. Therefore, consideration of these complications may maximize the efficacy of prevention and treatment approaches. Here, we examine both the intestinal involvement in COPD and the pulmonary manifestations of IBD. We also review the evidence for inflammatory organ cross-talk that may drive these associations, and discuss the current frontiers of research into these issues.
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Carey A, Cunningham K, Andrew D, Hafner L, Timms P, Beagley K. A comparison of the effects of a chlamydial vaccine administered during or after a C. muridarum urogenital infection of female mice. Vaccine 2011; 29:6505-13. [PMID: 21767592 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research into an efficacious Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine is ongoing, however, there has been no examination into the timing of vaccine administration to either asymptomatically or previously infected individuals. Using the female Chlamydia muridarum genital tract mouse model, we examined this aspect of vaccine development. Our results show timing of vaccination affected the production of systemic antibodies, but had minimal effects on mucosal antibody production. Vaccination during an active infection or after a resolved infection did not provide protection against re-exposure to Chlamydia, and did not exacerbate the development of pathological sequelae in infected mice. This demonstrates that vaccination may not be protective in individuals who are seropositive for an acute or previous chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Carey
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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Asquith KL, Horvat JC, Kaiko GE, Carey AJ, Beagley KW, Hansbro PM, Foster PS. Interleukin-13 promotes susceptibility to chlamydial infection of the respiratory and genital tracts. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1001339. [PMID: 21573182 PMCID: PMC3088704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiae are intracellular bacteria that commonly cause infections of the respiratory and genital tracts, which are major clinical problems. Infections are also linked to the aetiology of diseases such as asthma, emphysema and heart disease. The clinical management of infection is problematic and antibiotic resistance is emerging. Increased understanding of immune processes that are involved in both clearance and immunopathology of chlamydial infection is critical for the development of improved treatment strategies. Here, we show that IL-13 was produced in the lungs of mice rapidly after Chlamydia muridarum (Cmu) infection and promoted susceptibility to infection. Wild-type (WT) mice had increased disease severity, bacterial load and associated inflammation compared to IL-13 deficient (-/-) mice as early as 3 days post infection (p.i.). Intratracheal instillation of IL-13 enhanced bacterial load in IL-13-/- mice. There were no differences in early IFN-g and IL-10 expression between WT and IL-13-/- mice and depletion of CD4+ T cells did not affect infection in IL-13-/- mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate a lack of CD4+ T cell involvement and a novel role for IL-13 in innate responses to infection. We also showed that IL-13 deficiency increased macrophage uptake of Cmu in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the depletion of IL-13 during infection of lung epithelial cells in vitro decreased the percentage of infected cells and reduced bacterial growth. Our results suggest that enhanced IL-13 responses in the airways, such as that found in asthmatics, may promote susceptibility to chlamydial lung infection. Importantly the role of IL-13 in regulating infection was not limited to the lung as we showed that IL-13 also promoted susceptibility to Cmu genital tract infection. Collectively our findings demonstrate that innate IL-13 release promotes infection that results in enhanced inflammation and have broad implications for the treatment of chlamydial infections and IL-13-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Asquith
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jay C. Horvat
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Gerard E. Kaiko
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Alison J. Carey
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Kenneth W. Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Paul S. Foster
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Evani SJ, Murthy AK, Mareedu N, Montgomery RK, Arulanandam BP, Ramasubramanian AK. Hydrodynamic regulation of monocyte inflammatory response to an intracellular pathogen. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14492. [PMID: 21249123 PMCID: PMC3017540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic bacterial infections elicit inflammatory response that promotes acute or chronic complications such as sepsis, arthritis or atherosclerosis. Of interest, cells in circulation experience hydrodynamic shear forces, which have been shown to be a potent regulator of cellular function in the vasculature and play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. In this study, we have examined the effect of shear forces due to blood flow in modulating the inflammatory response of cells to infection. Using an in vitro model, we analyzed the effects of physiological levels of shear stress on the inflammatory response of monocytes infected with chlamydia, an intracellular pathogen which causes bronchitis and is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. We found that chlamydial infection alters the morphology of monocytes and trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6. We also found that the exposure of chlamydia-infected monocytes to short durations of arterial shear stress significantly enhances the secretion of cytokines in a time-dependent manner and the expression of surface adhesion molecule ICAM-1. As a functional consequence, infection and shear stress increased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells under flow and in the activation and aggregation of platelets. Overall, our study demonstrates that shear stress enhances the inflammatory response of monocytes to infection, suggesting that mechanical forces may contribute to disease pathophysiology. These results provide a novel perspective on our understanding of systemic infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar J Evani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Abstract
A relationship between infections and allergic airway disease has long been recognized, and many reviews have been written on this topic. However, both clinical and basic science studies published in the last 3 years provide new insights into the relationship between infection and allergic conditions. In this review, we focus on these very recent studies, which address the role of infection in the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of asthma. Bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections have each been examined and provide a framework for these novel concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sevin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA
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Horvat JC, Starkey MR, Kim RY, Phipps S, Gibson PG, Beagley KW, Foster PS, Hansbro PM. Early-life chlamydial lung infection enhances allergic airways disease through age-dependent differences in immunopathology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:617-25, 625.e1-625.e6. [PMID: 20122715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma typically originates in early-life, and the impact of infection during immunologic maturation is a critical factor in disease pathogenesis. The progression of aberrant T(H)2 cell responses and disease development has been attributed to a lack of infections. However, exposure to specific pathogens such as Chlamydia may alter immunologic programming and predispose to asthma. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of chlamydial infection at different ages on allergic airways disease in later life. METHODS Neonatal, infant, or adult BALB/c mice were infected and 6 weeks later were sensitized and subsequently challenged with ovalbumin. Hallmark features of allergic airways disease were compared with uninfected allergic and nonallergic controls. RESULTS Early-life (neonatal and infant) but not adult chlamydial infection enhanced the development of hallmark features of asthma in ovalbumin-induced allergic airways disease. Notably early-life infection increased mucus-secreting cell numbers, IL-13 expression, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Neonatal infection attenuated eosinophil influx and ovalbumin-specific T(H)2 cytokine release and numbers of activated myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) in lymph nodes. By contrast, infant infection augmented features of allergic inflammation with increased airway eosinophils, T(H)2 cytokine, and DC responses. Both neonatal and infant infection increased systemic DC-induced IL-13 release from CD4(+) T cells. The timing of infection had significant effects on lung structure because neonatal but not infant or adult infection induced increases in alveolar diameter. CONCLUSION Early-life respiratory chlamydial infections modulate immune responses, alter lung function and structure, and enhance the severity of allergic airways disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Horvat
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Fang Y, Shen J, Yao M, Beagley KW, Hambly BD, Bao S. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances wound healing in diabetes via upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:478-86. [PMID: 19799605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ulceration, especially in diabetes, remains a substantial clinical problem. Exogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is efficacious in the treatment of chronic wound healing in both animal models and patients, but its role in diabetic wounds remains to be explored. Objectives Using a diabetic mouse model, to investigate the role of GM-CSF in wound healing. METHODS Clinical observation, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and cytokine assays. RESULTS There was a significant reduction (50%) in GM-CSF production in the wounds of the diabetics compared with nondiabetics. Exogenous GM-CSF substantially enhanced the wound healing in diabetic mice, accompanied by increased interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production. The elevated cytokines correlated with increased neovascularization, and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. GM-CSF showed no beneficial effects in nondiabetic wound healing. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide useful guidelines for the clinical management of chronic ulceration in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The increase in prevalence of allergic diseases, in particular of asthma, poses great difficulties to healthcare institutions in industrialized countries. According to the hygiene hypothesis, a linkage exists between exposure towards microbes in early childhood and the development of allergies; however, the original view that stimulation of the host's immune system by microbes exclusively protects against the development of allergies and asthma has been challenged by recent studies, which are summarized in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in mice revealed that infection with a series of microbes in the context of allergen exposure enhances antigen sensitization. Furthermore, in studies using purified toll-like receptor ligands and live bacteria, innate immune activation via MyD88 has been shown to be a causative factor in sensitization. The view that innate immune activation, under circumstances yet to be elucidated, may be a causative factor for the development of allergies is backed by epidemiologic data showing a protective effect of genetic variants, which impair toll-like receptor signaling. CONCLUSION Recent studies in mice suggest that innate immune stimulation via microbes or their compounds, in a dose and time-dependent manner, can cause allergen sensitization, and this notion has lately been supported by epidemiologic data.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9:79-85. [PMID: 19106700 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328323adb4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jin N, Roark CL, Miyahara N, Taube C, Aydintug MK, Wands JM, Huang Y, Hahn YS, Gelfand EW, O'Brien RL, Born WK. Allergic airway hyperresponsiveness-enhancing gammadelta T cells develop in normal untreated mice and fail to produce IL-4/13, unlike Th2 and NKT cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:2002-10. [PMID: 19201853 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice, mediated by allergen-specific Th2 cells and Th2-like invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, develops under the influence of enhancing and inhibitory gammadelta T cells. The AHR-enhancing cells belong to the Vgamma1(+) gammadelta T cell subset, cells that are capable of increasing IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the airways in a manner like Th2 cells. They also synergize with iNKT cells in mediating AHR. However, unlike Th2 cells, the AHR enhancers arise in untreated mice, and we show here that they exhibit their functional bias already as thymocytes, at an HSA(high) maturational stage. In further contrast to Th2 cells and also unlike iNKT cells, they could not be stimulated to produce IL-4 and IL-13, consistent with their synergistic dependence on iNKT cells in mediating AHR. Mice deficient in IFN-gamma, TNFRp75, or IL-4 did not produce these AHR-enhancing gammadelta T cells, but in the absence of IFN-gamma, spontaneous development of these cells was restored by adoptive transfer of IFN-gamma-competent dendritic cells from untreated donors. The i.p. injection of OVA/aluminum hydroxide restored development of the AHR enhancers in all of the mutant strains, indicating that the enhancers still can be induced when they fail to develop spontaneously, and that they themselves need not express TNFRp75, IFN-gamma, or IL-4 to exert their function. We conclude that both the development and the cytokine potential of the AHR-enhancing gammadelta T cells differs critically from that of Th2 cells and NKT cells, despite similar influences of these cell populations on AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyun Jin
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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47
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[Infections and asthma]. Internist (Berl) 2009; 49:1302, 1304-6, 1308-9. [PMID: 18839125 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-008-2133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Allergen-induced airway inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease whereas infections are known to be important triggers of acute exacerbations. Chronic or latent infections may also influence and enhance the local inflammation. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the different pathogens and to present the current understanding of the role of respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Schröder NWJ, Crother TR, Naiki Y, Chen S, Wong MH, Yilmaz A, Slepenkin A, Schulte D, Alsabeh R, Doherty TM, Peterson E, Nel AE, Arditi M. Innate immune responses during respiratory tract infection with a bacterial pathogen induce allergic airway sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:595-602.e5. [PMID: 18774395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2008] [Revised: 06/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The original hygiene hypothesis predicts that infections should protect against asthma but does not account for increasing evidence that certain infections might also promote asthma development. A mechanistic reconciliation of these findings has not yet emerged. In particular, the role of innate immunity in this context is unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to test whether bacterial respiratory tract infection causes airway sensitization toward an antigen encountered in parallel and to elucidate the contribution of innate immune responses. METHODS Mice were infected with different doses of Chlamydia pneumoniae, followed by exposure to human serum albumin (HSA) and challenge with HSA 2 weeks later. Airway inflammation, immunoglobulins, and lymph node cytokines were assessed. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of dendritic cells (DCs) and depletion of regulatory T (Treg) cells was performed. RESULTS C pneumoniae-induced lung inflammation triggered sensitization toward HSA, resulting in eosinophilic airway inflammation after HSA challenge. Airway sensitization depended on the severity and timing of infection: low-dose infection and antigen exposure within 5 days of infection induced allergic sensitization, whereas high-dose infection or antigen exposure 10 days after infection did not. Temporal and dose-related effects reflected DC activation and could be reproduced by means of adoptive transfer of HSA-pulsed lung DCs from infected mice. MyD88 deficiency in DCs abolished antigen sensitization, and depletion of Treg cells prolonged the time window in which sensitization could occur. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that moderate, but not severe, pulmonary bacterial infection can induce allergic sensitization to inert inhaled antigens through a mechanism that requires MyD88-dependent DC activation and is controlled by Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas W J Schröder
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Vassiliou EK, Kesler OM, Tadros JH, Ganea D. Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Generated in the Presence of Resolvin E1 Induce Apoptosis of Activated CD4+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:4534-44. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.4534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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