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Cully MD, Nolte JE, Patel A, Vaughan AE, May MJ. Loss of Lymphatic IKKα Disrupts Lung Immune Homeostasis, Drives BALT Formation, and Protects against Influenza. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:478-491. [PMID: 39007717 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
IκB kinase (IKK)α controls noncanonical NF-κB signaling required for lymphoid organ development. We showed previously that lymph node formation is ablated in IkkαLyve-1 mice constitutively lacking IKKα in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). We now reveal that loss of IKKα in LECs leads to the formation of BALT in the lung. Tertiary lymphoid structures appear only in the lungs of IkkαLyve-1 mice and are not present in any other tissues, and these highly organized BALT structures form after birth and in the absence of inflammation. Additionally, we show that IkkαLyve-1 mice challenged with influenza A virus (IAV) exhibit markedly improved survival and reduced weight loss compared with littermate controls. Importantly, we determine that the improved morbidity and mortality of IkkαLyve-1 mice is independent of viral load and rate of clearance because both mice control and clear IAV infection similarly. Instead, we show that IFN-γ levels are decreased, and infiltration of CD8 T cells and monocytes into IkkαLyve-1 lungs is reduced. We conclude that ablating IKKα in LECs promotes BALT formation and reduces the susceptibility of IkkαLyve-1 mice to IAV infection through a decrease in proinflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Cully
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Julianne E Nolte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Athena Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael J May
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Canderan G, Muehling LM, Kadl A, Ladd S, Bonham C, Cross CE, Lima SM, Yin X, Sturek JM, Wilson JM, Keshavarz B, Bryant N, Murphy DD, Cheon IS, McNamara CA, Sun J, Utz PJ, Dolatshahi S, Irish JM, Woodfolk JA. Distinct Type 1 Immune Networks Underlie the Severity of Restrictive Lung Disease after COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587929. [PMID: 38617217 PMCID: PMC11014603 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The variable etiology of persistent breathlessness after COVID-19 have confounded efforts to decipher the immunopathology of lung sequelae. Here, we analyzed hundreds of cellular and molecular features in the context of discrete pulmonary phenotypes to define the systemic immune landscape of post-COVID lung disease. Cluster analysis of lung physiology measures highlighted two phenotypes of restrictive lung disease that differed by their impaired diffusion and severity of fibrosis. Machine learning revealed marked CCR5+CD95+ CD8+ T-cell perturbations in mild-to-moderate lung disease, but attenuated T-cell responses hallmarked by elevated CXCL13 in more severe disease. Distinct sets of cells, mediators, and autoantibodies distinguished each restrictive phenotype, and differed from those of patients without significant lung involvement. These differences were reflected in divergent T-cell-based type 1 networks according to severity of lung disease. Our findings, which provide an immunological basis for active lung injury versus advanced disease after COVID-19, might offer new targets for treatment.
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3
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Carow B, Muliadi V, Skålén K, Yokota C, Kathamuthu GR, Setiabudiawan TP, Lange C, Scheu K, Gaede KI, Goldmann T, Pandita A, Masood KI, Pervez S, Grunewald J, Hasan Z, Levin M, Rottenberg ME. Immune mapping of human tuberculosis and sarcoidosis lung granulomas. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1332733. [PMID: 38385142 PMCID: PMC10879604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and sarcoidosis are both granulomatous diseases. Here, we compared the immunological microenvironments of granulomas from TB and sarcoidosis patients using in situ sequencing (ISS) transcriptomic analysis and multiplexed immunolabeling of tissue sections. TB lesions consisted of large necrotic and cellular granulomas, whereas "multifocal" granulomas with macrophages or epitheloid cell core and a T-cell rim were observed in sarcoidosis samples. The necrotic core in TB lesions was surrounded by macrophages and encircled by a dense T-cell layer. Within the T-cell layer, compact B-cell aggregates were observed in most TB samples. These B-cell clusters were vascularized and could contain defined B-/T-cell and macrophage-rich areas. The ISS of 40-60 immune transcripts revealed the enriched expression of transcripts involved in homing or migration to lymph nodes, which formed networks at single-cell distances in lymphoid areas of the TB lesions. Instead, myeloid-annotated regions were enriched in CD68, CD14, ITGAM, ITGAX, and CD4 mRNA. CXCL8 and IL1B mRNA were observed in granulocytic areas in which M. tuberculosis was also detected. In line with ISS data indicating tertiary lymphoid structures, immune labeling of TB sections expressed markers of high endothelial venules, follicular dendritic cells, follicular helper T cells, and lymph-node homing receptors on T cells. Neither ISS nor immunolabeling showed evidence of tertiary lymphoid aggregates in sarcoidosis samples. Together, our finding suggests that despite their heterogeneity, the formation of tertiary immune structures is a common feature in granulomas from TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Carow
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Muliadi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Skålén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chika Yokota
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christoph Lange
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Katrin Scheu
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karoline I Gaede
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
- BioMaterialBank North, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Ankur Pandita
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kiran Iqbal Masood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Pervez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahra Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Max Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin E Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ng AHC, Hu H, Wang K, Scherler K, Warren SE, Zollinger DR, McKay-Fleisch J, Sorg K, Beechem JM, Ragaglia E, Lacy JM, Smith KD, Marshall DA, Bundesmann MM, López de Castilla D, Corwin D, Yarid N, Knudsen BS, Lu Y, Goldman JD, Heath JR. Organ-specific immunity: A tissue analysis framework for investigating local immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113212. [PMID: 37792533 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Local immune activation at mucosal surfaces, mediated by mucosal lymphoid tissues, is vital for effective immune responses against pathogens. While pathogens like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can spread to multiple organs, patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily experience inflammation and damage in their lungs. To investigate this apparent organ-specific immune response, we develop an analytical framework that recognizes the significance of mucosal lymphoid tissues. This framework combines histology, immunofluorescence, spatial transcript profiling, and mathematical modeling to identify cellular and gene expression differences between the lymphoid tissues of the lung and the gut and predict the determinants of those differences. Our findings indicate that mucosal lymphoid tissues are pivotal in organ-specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2, mediating local inflammation and tissue damage and contributing to immune dysfunction. The framework developed here has potential utility in the study of long COVID and may streamline biomarker discovery and treatment design for diseases with differential pathologies at the organ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphonsus H C Ng
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Huiqian Hu
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emily Ragaglia
- CellNetix Pathology and Laboratories, Seattle, WA 98168, USA
| | - J Matthew Lacy
- Snohomish County Medical Examiner's Office, Everett, WA 98204, USA
| | - Kelly D Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Desiree A Marshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael M Bundesmann
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Evergreen Health, Kirkland, WA 98034, USA
| | | | - David Corwin
- CellNetix Pathology and Laboratories, Seattle, WA 98168, USA
| | - Nicole Yarid
- King County Medical Examiner's Office, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute BMP Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Jason D Goldman
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health System, Renton, WA 98057, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Tsukiji N, Suzuki-Inoue K. Impact of Hemostasis on the Lymphatic System in Development and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1747-1754. [PMID: 37534465 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels form a systemic network that maintains interstitial fluid homeostasis and regulates immune responses and is strictly separated from the circulatory system. During embryonic development, lymphatic endothelial cells originate from blood vascular endothelial cells in the cardinal veins and form lymph sacs. Platelets are critical for separating lymph sacs from the cardinal veins through interactions between CLEC-2 (C-type lectin-like receptor-2) and PDPN (podoplanin) in lymphatic endothelial cells. Therefore, deficiencies of these genes cause blood-filled lymphatic vessels, leading to abnormal lymphatic vessel maturation. The junction between the thoracic duct and the subclavian vein has valves and forms physiological thrombi dependent on CLEC-2/PDPN signaling to prevent blood backflow into the thoracic duct. In addition, platelets regulate lymphangiogenesis and maintain blood/lymphatic separation in pathological conditions, such as wound healing and inflammatory diseases. More recently, it was reported that the entire hemostatic system is involved in lymphangiogenesis. Thus, the hemostatic system plays a crucial role in the establishment, maintenance, and rearrangement of lymphatic networks and contributes to body fluid homeostasis, which suggests that the hemostatic system is a potential target for treating lymphatic disorders. This review comprehensively summarizes the role of the hemostatic system in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel function and discusses challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaharu Tsukiji
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
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Colvin KL, Nguyen K, Boncella KL, Goodman DM, Elliott RJ, Harral JW, Bilodeaux J, Smith BJ, Yeager ME. Lung and Heart Biology of the Dp16 Mouse Model of down Syndrome: Implications for Studying Cardiopulmonary Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1819. [PMID: 37761959 PMCID: PMC10530394 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We sought to investigate the baseline lung and heart biology of the Dp16 mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) as a prelude to the investigation of recurrent respiratory tract infection. (2) Methods: In controls vs. Dp16 mice, we compared peripheral blood cell and plasma analytes. We examined baseline gene expression in lungs and hearts for key parameters related to susceptibility of lung infection. We investigated lung and heart protein expression and performed lung morphometry. Finally, and for the first time each in a model of DS, we performed pulmonary function testing and a hemodynamic assessment of cardiac function. (3) Results: Dp16 mice circulate unique blood plasma cytokines and chemokines. Dp16 mouse lungs over-express the mRNA of triplicated genes, but not necessarily corresponding proteins. We found a sex-specific decrease in the protein expression of interferon α receptors, yet an increased signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 and phospho-STAT3. Platelet-activating factor receptor protein was not elevated in Dp16 mice. The lungs of Dp16 mice showed increased stiffness and mean linear intercept and contained bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. The heart ventricles of Dp16 mice displayed hypotonicity. Finally, Dp16 mice required more ketamine to achieve an anesthetized state. (4) Conclusions: The Dp16 mouse model of DS displays key aspects of lung heart biology akin to people with DS. As such, it has the potential to be an extremely valuable model of recurrent severe respiratory tract infection in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley L. Colvin
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (D.M.G.)
| | - Kathleen Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.N.); (K.L.B.); (R.J.E.); (J.B.); (B.J.S.)
| | - Katie L. Boncella
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.N.); (K.L.B.); (R.J.E.); (J.B.); (B.J.S.)
| | - Desiree M. Goodman
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (D.M.G.)
| | - Robert J. Elliott
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.N.); (K.L.B.); (R.J.E.); (J.B.); (B.J.S.)
| | - Julie W. Harral
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Jill Bilodeaux
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.N.); (K.L.B.); (R.J.E.); (J.B.); (B.J.S.)
| | - Bradford J. Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.N.); (K.L.B.); (R.J.E.); (J.B.); (B.J.S.)
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael E. Yeager
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (D.M.G.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.N.); (K.L.B.); (R.J.E.); (J.B.); (B.J.S.)
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Fu T, Liu J, Wang W, Li Y, Wang Y, Cui L, Liu M, Wang W, Ying S, Huang K. Similarities and differences in kinetic characteristics of airways inflammation, formation of inducible bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue and remodeling between young and old murine asthma surrogates induced with house dust mite. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112160. [PMID: 37019047 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Elderly asthmatics have higher morbidity and mortality compared with those of youngers. It has been shown that there are also some differences in clinic phenomena between young and elderly asthmatics, however, there is lack of the kinetic comparisons of the changes in the development of asthma between two populations. To better understand the specific pathophysiological manifestations in older patients with asthma, we dynamically and parallelly compared pathophysiological changes in the airways and lung tissues between young and old murine asthma surrogates based on sensitization and challenge with house dust mite (HDM). Murine models were established in young (6-8-week-old) and old (16-17-month-old) female wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Our data showed that repetitive HDM exposure induced relatively low type 2 immune responses (airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophils recruitment, expression of type 2 cytokines, mucus secretion, serum HDM specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG) in old mice. However, the type 3 immune responses (neutrophils infiltration and IL-17A expression) were enhanced in old HDM exposed mice, which sustained longer and higher than that of young mice. Notably, the relatively weakened allergic inflammation characteristics might be associated with lower numbers of CD20+ B cells and IgE+ cells in the iBALTs in old mice compared with those in young mice. Our data suggest that aging might compromise the ability to induce type 2 immune responses, but enhance type 3 immune responses upon repetitive HDM challenge, which might cause relevant phenomena in old experimental mice and might even be applicable to elderly patients with asthma in the clinic.
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Sato Y, Silina K, van den Broek M, Hirahara K, Yanagita M. The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z. [PMID: 37046081 PMCID: PMC10092939 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues that drive antigen-specific immune responses at sites of chronic inflammation. Unlike secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, TLSs lack capsules and have their own unique characteristics and functions. The presumed influence of TLSs on the disease course has led to widespread interest in obtaining a better understanding of their biology and function. Studies using single-cell analyses have suggested heterogeneity in TLS composition and phenotype, and consequently, functional correlates with disease progression are sometimes conflicting. The presence of TLSs correlates with a favourable disease course in cancer and infection. Conversely, in autoimmune diseases and chronic age-related inflammatory diseases including chronic kidney disease, the presence of TLSs is associated with a more severe disease course. However, the detailed mechanisms that underlie these clinical associations are not fully understood. To what extent the mechanisms of TLS development and maturation are shared across organs and diseases is also still obscure. Improved understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular levels may enable the exploitation of these structures to improve therapies for chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Karina Silina
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Chandra P, Grigsby SJ, Philips JA. Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:750-766. [PMID: 35879556 PMCID: PMC9310001 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has infected humans for millennia. M. tuberculosis is well adapted to establish infection, persist in the face of the host immune response and be transmitted to uninfected individuals. Its ability to complete this infection cycle depends on it both evading and taking advantage of host immune responses. The outcome of M. tuberculosis infection is often a state of equilibrium characterized by immunological control and bacterial persistence. Recent data have highlighted the diverse cell populations that respond to M. tuberculosis infection and the dynamic changes in the cellular and intracellular niches of M. tuberculosis during the course of infection. M. tuberculosis possesses an arsenal of protein and lipid effectors that influence macrophage functions and inflammatory responses; however, our understanding of the role that specific bacterial virulence factors play in the context of diverse cellular reservoirs and distinct infection stages is limited. In this Review, we discuss immune evasion and provocation by M. tuberculosis during its infection cycle and describe how a more detailed molecular understanding is crucial to enable the development of novel host-directed therapies, disease biomarkers and effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J Grigsby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Co-modulation of T cells and B cells enhances the inhibition of inflammation in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Respir Res 2022; 23:275. [PMID: 36209215 PMCID: PMC9547367 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by antigen-triggered neutrophilic exacerbations. Although CD4+ T cells are sufficient for HP pathogenesis, this never translated into efficient T cell-specific therapies. Increasing evidence shows that B cells also play decisive roles in HP. Here, we aimed to further define the respective contributions of B and T cells in subacute experimental HP.
Methods Mice were subjected to a protocol of subacute exposure to the archaeon Methanosphaera stadmanae to induce experimental HP. Using models of adoptive transfers of B cells and T cells in Rag1-deficient mice and of B cell-specific S1P1 deletion, we assessed the importance of B cells in the development of HP by evaluating inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We also aimed to determine if injected antibodies targeting B and/or T cells could alleviate HP exacerbations using a therapeutic course of intervention. Results Even though B cells are not sufficient to induce HP, they strongly potentiate CD4+ T cell-induced HP‑associated neutrophilic inflammation in the airways. However, the reduction of 85% of lung B cells in mice with a CD19-driven S1P1 deletion does not dampen HP inflammation, suggesting that lung B cells are not necessary in large numbers to sustain local inflammation. Finally, we found that injecting antibodies targeting B cells after experimental HP was induced does not dampen neutrophilic exacerbation. Yet, injection of antibodies directed against B cells and T cells yielded a potent 76% inhibition of neutrophilic accumulation in the lungs. This inhibition occurred despite partial, sometimes mild, depletion of B cells and T cells subsets. Conclusions Although B cells are required for maximal inflammation in subacute experimental HP, partial reduction of B cells fails to reduce HP-associated inflammation by itself. However, co-modulation of T cells and B cells yields enhanced inhibition of HP exacerbation caused by an antigenic rechallenge. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02200-9.
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11
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Carpenter SM, Lu LL. Leveraging Antibody, B Cell and Fc Receptor Interactions to Understand Heterogeneous Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830482. [PMID: 35371092 PMCID: PMC8968866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over a century of research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), continues to kill 1.5 million people annually. Though less than 10% of infected individuals develop active disease, the specific host immune responses that lead to Mtb transmission and death, as well as those that are protective, are not yet fully defined. Recent immune correlative studies demonstrate that the spectrum of infection and disease is more heterogenous than has been classically defined. Moreover, emerging translational and animal model data attribute a diverse immune repertoire to TB outcomes. Thus, protective and detrimental immune responses to Mtb likely encompass a framework that is broader than T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity. Antibodies, Fc receptor interactions and B cells are underexplored host responses to Mtb. Poised at the interface of initial bacterial host interactions and in granulomatous lesions, antibodies and Fc receptors expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T and B cells have the potential to influence local and systemic adaptive immune responses. Broadening the paradigm of protective immunity will offer new paths to improve diagnostics and vaccines to reduce the morbidity and mortality of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Carpenter
- Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lenette L. Lu
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, United States
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12
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Cronan MR. In the Thick of It: Formation of the Tuberculous Granuloma and Its Effects on Host and Therapeutic Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820134. [PMID: 35320930 PMCID: PMC8934850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The defining pathology of tuberculosis is the granuloma, an organized structure derived from host immune cells that surrounds infecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As the location of much of the bacteria in the infected host, the granuloma is a central point of interaction between the host and the infecting bacterium. This review describes the signals and cellular reprogramming that drive granuloma formation. Further, as a central point of host-bacterial interactions, the granuloma shapes disease outcome by altering host immune responses and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotic treatment, as discussed herein. This new understanding of granuloma biology and the signaling behind it highlights the potential for host-directed therapies targeting the granuloma to enhance antibiotic access and tuberculosis-specific immune responses.
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Akiyama M, Kaneko Y. Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103056. [PMID: 35121155 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. The emergence of highly effective anti-rheumatic drugs such as biologic agents and janus kinase inhibitors has dramatically improved the management of the disease by preventing irreversible joint destruction and disability. This disease can manifest the serious extra-articular involvements including interstitial lung disease, which has the significant impact on the patients' morbidity and mortality. However, treatment strategy specific for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) has not been yet established. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis and clinical features of RA-ILD is critical to provide the better management and improve the prognosis of the patients. Accumulation of evidence suggest that it is essentially important to achieve remission or at least low disease activity of arthritis to prevent new emergence, progression, or acute exacerbation of RA-ILD. RA-ILD patients frequently show high titers of autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibody, and the excessive formation of tertiary lymphoid organs is found in the local affected lungs, indicating the adaptive immune response as a key pathogenic inducer. In this regard, non-TNF inhibitors targeting adaptive immune responses such as abatacept and rituximab were reported to be promising for the stabilization and improvement of RA-ILD. Nintedanib, an anti-fibrotic agent, was shown to be effective for reducing the decline of forced vital capacity in RA-ILD. In this review, we summarized the current evidence in the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatments for RA-ILD and provide future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 1608582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 1608582 Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Tang J, Cai L, Xu C, Sun S, Liu Y, Rosenecker J, Guan S. Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020226. [PMID: 35055244 PMCID: PMC8777913 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccination have attracted considerable attention to such vaccination as a cutting-edge technique against infectious diseases including COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. While numerous pathogens infect the host through the respiratory mucosa, conventional parenterally administered vaccines are unable to induce protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization enables the induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, efficiently removing pathogens from the mucosa before an infection occurs. Although respiratory mucosal vaccination is highly appealing, successful nasal or pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid-based vaccines is challenging because of several physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, such as a variety of protective enzymes and mucociliary clearance, which remove exogenously inhaled substances. Hence, advanced nanotechnologies enabling delivery of DNA and IVT-mRNA to the nasal and pulmonary mucosa are urgently needed. Ideal nanocarriers for nucleic acid vaccines should be able to efficiently load and protect genetic payloads, overcome physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, facilitate transfection in targeted epithelial or antigen-presenting cells, and incorporate adjuvants. In this review, we discuss recent developments in nucleic acid delivery systems that target airway mucosa for vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Larry Cai
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Chuanfei Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Si Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Joseph Rosenecker
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
| | - Shan Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
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15
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Immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric tuberculosis. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:21-26. [PMID: 33731810 PMCID: PMC8446109 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasing global emergency in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients, in which host immunity is dysregulated and compromised. However, the pathogenesis and efficacy of therapeutic strategies in HIV-associated TB in developing infants are essentially lacking. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, an attenuated live strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is not adequately effective, which confers partial protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in infants when administered at birth. However, pediatric HIV infection is most devastating in the disease progression of TB. It remains challenging whether early antiretroviral therapy (ART) could maintain immune development and function, and restore Mtb-specific immune function in HIV-associated TB in children. A better understanding of the immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric Mtb infection is essential to provide more effective interventions, reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality in HIV-associated Mtb infection in infants. IMPACT: Children living with HIV are more likely prone to opportunistic infection, predisposing high risk of TB diseases. HIV and Mtb coinfection in infants may synergistically accelerate disease progression. Early ART may probably induce immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and TB pathology in HIV/Mtb coinfected infants.
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16
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Constantin AM, Boşca AB, Melincovici CS, Mărginean MV, Jianu EM, Moldovan IM, Sufleţel RT, Djouini A, Şovrea AS, Şovrea AS. Short histological kaleidoscope - recent findings in histology. Part II. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2022; 63:275-292. [PMID: 36374135 PMCID: PMC9801680 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.2.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the latest histological knowledge in the field regarding the peripheral lymphoid system [mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)], the thymus stroma, some of the various corpuscles of the human body (Hassall's corpuscles in thymus, arenaceous corpuscles in pineal gland, corpora amylacea in prostate and other locations) and Fañanas glial cells in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Constantin
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adina Bianca Boşca
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Stanca Melincovici
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mariana Viorica Mărginean
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Mihaela Jianu
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Maria Moldovan
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rada Teodora Sufleţel
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Amina Djouini
- Ophthalmology Resident Physician, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Alina Simona Şovrea
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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He W, Wang B, He J, Zhao Y, Zhao W. SSR4 as a prognostic biomarker and related with immune infiltration cells in colon adenocarcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:223-231. [PMID: 34904499 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2019015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal sequence receptor subunit delta (SSR4) gene is reported to encode the translocon-associated protein δ and related with the human immune regulation. However, the expression of SSR4 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and its correlation with clinical treatment remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS SSR4 mRNA expression level and its relationship with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in COAD were evaluated through several databases. Furthermore, the study collected 238 cases of COAD tissue samples to detect the association of SSR4 protein expression level in TILs with clinical pathological information, and the prognosis of COAD. RESULTS SSR4 mRNA was significantly highly expressed in COAD tissues and significantly correlated with several types of TILs in COAD. Moreover, SSR4 highly expressed in many types of TILs, especially highly expressed in plasma cell from COAD patients with advanced TNM stage. High SSR4 protein expression in TILs was associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging, and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) efficacy. COAD patients with high SSR4 expression in TILs had better overall survival. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, high SSR4 mRNA and protein expression in TILs can be used as a prognostic biomarker for predicting better overall survival and treatment efficacy in COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jikai He
- Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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18
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Response to Intracellular Pathogens: Protection Versus Immunopathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:775554. [PMID: 34938670 PMCID: PMC8685334 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.775554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous group of cytokine-producing lymphocytes which are predominantly located at mucosal barrier surfaces, such as skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. ILCs contribute to tissue homeostasis, regulate microbiota-derived signals, and protect against mucosal pathogens. ILCs are classified into five major groups by their developmental origin and distinct cytokine production. A recently emerged intriguing feature of ILCs is their ability to alter their phenotype and function in response to changing local environmental cues such as pathogen invasion. Once the pathogen crosses host barriers, ILCs quickly activate cytokine production to limit the spread of the pathogen. However, the dysregulated ILC responses can lead to tissue inflammation and damage. Furthermore, the interplay between ILCs and other immune cell types shapes the outcome of the immune response. Recent studies highlighted the important role of ILCs for host defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms controlling protective and pathogenic ILC responses to intracellular pathogens. This knowledge can help develop new ILC-targeted strategies to control infectious diseases and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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19
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Guo L, Li N, Yang Z, Li H, Zheng H, Yang J, Chen Y, Zhao X, Mei J, Shi H, Worthen GS, Liu L. Role of CXCL5 in Regulating Chemotaxis of Innate and Adaptive Leukocytes in Infected Lungs Upon Pulmonary Influenza Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:785457. [PMID: 34868067 PMCID: PMC8637413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respirovirus such as influenza virus infection induces pulmonary anti-viral immune response, orchestration of innate and adaptive immunity restrain viral infection, otherwise causes severe diseases such as pneumonia. Chemokines regulate leukocyte recruitment to the inflammation site. One chemokine CXCL5, plays a scavenging role to regulate pulmonary host defense against bacterial infection, but its role in pulmonary influenza virus infection is underdetermined. Here, using an influenza (H1N1) infected CXCL5-/- mouse model, we found that CXCL5 not only responds to neutrophil infiltration into infected lungs at the innate immunity stage, but also affects B lymphocyte accumulation in the lungs by regulating the expression of the B cell chemokine CXCL13. Inhibition of CXCL5-CXCR2 axis markedly induces CXCL13 expression in CD64+CD44hiCD274hi macrophages/monocytes in infected lungs, and in vitro administration of CXCL5 to CD64+ alveolar macrophages suppresses CXCL13 expression via the CXCL5-CXCR2 axis upon influenza challenge. CXCL5 deficiency leads to increased B lymphocyte accumulation in infected lungs, contributing to an enhanced B cell immune response and facilitating induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation in the infected lungs during the late infection and recovery stages. These data highlight multiple regulatory roles of CXCL5 in leukocyte chemotaxis during pulmonary influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zening Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxi Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Junjie Mei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Haijing Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - G Scott Worthen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Longding Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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20
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Muruganandah V, Kupz A. Immune responses to bacterial lung infections and their implications for vaccination. Int Immunol 2021; 34:231-248. [PMID: 34850883 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary immune system plays a vital role in protecting the delicate structures of gaseous exchange against invasion from bacterial pathogens. With antimicrobial resistance becoming an increasing concern, finding novel strategies to develop vaccines against bacterial lung diseases remains a top priority. In order to do so, a continued expansion of our understanding of the pulmonary immune response is warranted. Whilst some aspects are well characterised, emerging paradigms such as the importance of innate cells and inducible immune structures in mediating protection provide avenues of potential to rethink our approach to vaccine development. In this review, we aim to provide a broad overview of both the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in place to protect the pulmonary tissue from invading bacterial organisms. We use specific examples from several infection models and human studies to depict the varying functions of the pulmonary immune system that may be manipulated in future vaccine development. Particular emphasis has been placed on emerging themes that are less reviewed and underappreciated in vaccine development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visai Muruganandah
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
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21
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Ulu A, Burr A, Heires AJ, Pavlik J, Larsen T, Perez PA, Bravo C, DiPatrizio NV, Baack M, Romberger DJ, Nordgren TM. A high docosahexaenoic acid diet alters lung inflammation and recovery following repetitive exposure to aqueous organic dust extracts. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108797. [PMID: 34126202 PMCID: PMC8725620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural workers, especially those who work in swine confinement facilities, are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis due to exposures to fumes, vapors, and organic dust. Repetitive exposure to agricultural dust leads to unresolved inflammation, a common underlying mechanism that worsens lung disease. Besides occupational exposure to dusts, diet also significantly contributes to inflammation and disease progression. Since DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid and its bioactive metabolites have key roles in inflammation resolution, we rationalized that individuals chronically exposed to organic dusts can benefit from dietary modifications. Here, we evaluated the role of DHA in modifying airway inflammation in a murine model of repetitive exposure to an aqueous extract of agricultural dust (three-week exposure to swine confinement dust extract, HDE) and after a one-week resolution/recovery period. We found that mice fed a high DHA diet had significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of DHA-derived resolvins and lower TNFα along with altered plasma levels of endocannabinoids and related lipid mediators. Following the one-week recovery we identified significantly reduced BALF cellularity and cytokine/chemokine release along with increased BALF amphiregulin and resolvins in DHA diet-fed versus control diet-fed mice challenged with HDE. We further report observations on the effects of repetitive HDE exposure on lung Ym1+ and Arg-1+ macrophages. Overall, our findings support a protective role for DHA and identify DHA-derived resolvins and endocannabinoids among the potential mediators of DHA in altering airway inflammation in chronic agricultural dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Art J Heires
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jacqueline Pavlik
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tricia Larsen
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Pedro A Perez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Carissa Bravo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Michelle Baack
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA; Division of Neonatology, University of South Dakota-Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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22
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Liu G, Lu Y, Shi L, Kong J, Hu H, Liu W. Trace endotoxin in reclaimed water is only one of the risk sources in subchronic inhalation exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117479. [PMID: 34090073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary injury and inflammation have been detected in cases of subchronic inhalation exposure to reclaimed water, but the mechanism remains unclear. Endotoxin has been verified as the key risk factor in acute inhalation exposure through the TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) signalling pathway. In long-term exposure, endotoxin may also be a risk factor in reclaimed water, but the contribution of other health risk factors should not be underestimated. Wild-type C57BL/6J and TLR4-signalling-pathway-defective mice were used in this study to assess the risk of subchronic inhalation exposure to reclaimed water. Two types of reclaimed water, i.e., secondary effluent and MBR (membrane bioreactor) effluent, were found to induce pulmonary injury and inflammation in the wild-type mice and Tlr4-/- mutants. However, when both mice were exposed to the same concentrations of pure endotoxin in reclaimed water, only the wild-type mice that were treated with high-dose endotoxin showed pulmonary injury. In summary, non-TLR4 signalling pathways are related to lung inflammation caused by long-term exposure to reclaimed water. It is highly possible that pollutants in addition to endotoxin in the reclaimed water can induce chronic inflammation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Rish Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yun Lu
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Rish Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Liangliang Shi
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Rish Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiayang Kong
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Rish Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongying Hu
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Rish Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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23
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Parlak Ak T. Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Histology and Its Role in Various Pathologies. Vet Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower respiratory tract is in direct communication with the external environment for gas exchange to occur. Therefore, it is constantly exposed to allergens, antigens, bacteria, viruses, and a wide variety of airborne foreign bodies. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), which develops in response to these exposures and is one of the most prominent representatives of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), is important for generating rapid and specific bronchopulmonary adaptive immune responses. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the lymphoid architecture of BALT, which was first discovered in the bronchial wall of rabbits, its inducible form called inducible BALT (iBALT), its immunological response mechanisms, and its roles in certain pathologies including infectious and autoimmune diseases as well as in allergic and malignant conditions. In conclusion, it is hypothesized that BALT plays an important role in maintaining health and in the development of lower respiratory tract diseases; thanks to the pulmonary immune system in which it functions as a functional lymphoid tissue.
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24
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Hermann C, King CG. TB or not to be: what specificities and impact do antibodies have during tuberculosis? OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab015. [PMID: 36845566 PMCID: PMC9914581 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. The primary barrier to the development of an effective tuberculosis vaccine is our failure to fully understand the fundamental characteristics of a protective immune response. There is an increasing evidence that mobilization of antibody and B cell responses during natural Mtb infection and vaccination play a role in host protection. Several studies have assessed the levels of Mtb-specific antibodies induced during active disease as well as the potential of monoclonal antibodies to modulate bacterial growth in vitro and in vivo. A major limitation of these studies, however, is that the specific antigens capable of eliciting humoral responses are largely unknown. As a result, information about antibody dynamics and function, which might fundamentally transform our understanding of host Mtb immunity, is missing. Importantly, Mtb infection also induces the recruitment, accumulation and colocalization of B and T cells in the lung, which are positively correlated with protection in humans and animal models of disease. These ectopic lymphoid tissues generally support local germinal center reactions for the proliferation and ongoing selection of effector and memory B cells in the mucosa. Efforts to leverage such responses for human health, however, require a more complete understanding of how antibodies and B cells contribute to the local and systemic host Mtb immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Hermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn G King
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland,Correspondence address. Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. Tel: +41 61 265 3874; E-mail:
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25
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Özkan M, Eskiocak YC, Wingender G. Macrophage and dendritic cell subset composition can distinguish endotypes in adjuvant-induced asthma mouse models. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250533. [PMID: 34061861 PMCID: PMC8168852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with neutrophilic and eosinophilic asthma as the main endotypes that are distinguished according to the cells recruited to the airways and the related pathology. Eosinophilic asthma is the treatment-responsive endotype, which is mainly associated with allergic asthma. Neutrophilic asthma is a treatment-resistant endotype, affecting 5-10% of asthmatics. Although eosinophilic asthma is well-studied, a clear understanding of the endotypes is essential to devise effective diagnosis and treatment approaches for neutrophilic asthma. To this end, we directly compared adjuvant-induced mouse models of neutrophilic (CFA/OVA) and eosinophilic (Alum/OVA) asthma side-by-side. The immune response in the inflamed lung was analyzed by multi-parametric flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. We found that eosinophilic asthma was characterized by a preferential recruitment of interstitial macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells, whereas in neutrophilic asthma plasmacytoid dendritic cells, exudate macrophages, and GL7+ activated B cells predominated. This differential distribution of macrophage and dendritic cell subsets reveals important aspects of the pathophysiology of asthma and holds the promise to be used as biomarkers to diagnose asthma endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Özkan
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Gerhard Wingender
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
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26
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Jaeger N, McDonough RT, Rosen AL, Hernandez-Leyva A, Wilson NG, Lint MA, Russler-Germain EV, Chai JN, Bacharier LB, Hsieh CS, Kau AL. Airway Microbiota-Host Interactions Regulate Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Levels and Influence Allergic Airway Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108331. [PMID: 33147448 PMCID: PMC7685510 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic mucosal immune responses are fine-tuned by naturally evolved interactions with native microbes, and integrating these relationships into experimental models can provide new insights into human diseases. Here, we leverage a murine-adapted airway microbe, Bordetella pseudohinzii (Bph), to investigate how chronic colonization impacts mucosal immunity and the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI). Colonization with Bph induces the differentiation of interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-secreting T-helper cells that aid in controlling bacterial abundance. Bph colonization protects from AAI and is associated with increased production of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an antimicrobial peptide with anti-inflammatory properties. These findings are additionally supported by clinical data showing that higher levels of upper respiratory SLPI correlate both with greater asthma control and the presence of Haemophilus, a bacterial genus associated with AAI. We propose that SLPI could be used as a biomarker of beneficial host-commensal relationships in the airway. Asthma is known to be modified by airway microbes. Jaeger et al. use a murine-adapted bacterium to show that airway colonization evokes a Th17 response associated with increased SLPI, an antimicrobial peptide, and protection from lung inflammation. In people, SLPI was correlated with airway microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jaeger
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan T McDonough
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne L Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ariel Hernandez-Leyva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Naomi G Wilson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael A Lint
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emilie V Russler-Germain
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiani N Chai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew L Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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27
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Leukocytes from Patients with Drug-Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Exhibit Distinctive Profiles of Chemokine Receptor Expression and Migration Capacity. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6654220. [PMID: 33977111 PMCID: PMC8084684 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6654220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains as a leading infectious cause of death worldwide. The increasing number of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases contributes to the poor control of the TB epidemic. Currently, little is known about the immunological requirements of protective responses against MDR-TB. This is of major relevance to identify immune markers for treatment monitoring and targets for adjuvant immunotherapies. Here, we hypothesized that MDR-TB patients display unique immunophenotypical features and immune cell migration dynamics compared to drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB). Hence, we prospectively conducted an extensive characterization of the immune profile of MDR-TB patients at different time points before and after pharmacological therapy. For this purpose, we focused on the leukocyte expression of chemokine receptors, distribution of different monocyte and lymphocyte subsets, plasma levels of chemotactic factors, and in vitro migration capacity of immune cells. Our comparative cohort consisted of DS-TB patients and healthy volunteer donors (HD). Our results demonstrate some unique features of leukocyte migration dynamics during MDR-TB. These include increased and prolonged circulation of CD3+ monocytes, CCR4+ monocytes, EM CD4+ T cells, EM/CM CD8+ T cells, and CXCR1+CXCR3+ T cells that is sustained even after the administration of anti-TB drugs. We also observed shared characteristics of both MDR-TB and DS-TB that include CCR2+ monocyte depletion in the blood; high plasma levels of MPC-1, CCL-7, and IP-10; and increased responsiveness of leukocytes to chemotactic signals in vitro. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the MDR-TB pathobiology and uncovers immunological readouts of treatment efficacy.
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28
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Curtis JL. Wouldn't you like to know: are tertiary lymphoid structures necessary for lung defence? Eur Respir J 2021; 57:57/4/2004352. [PMID: 33858851 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04352-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Curtis
- Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA .,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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29
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Regard L, Martin C, Teillaud JL, Lafoeste H, Vicaire H, Ladjemi MZ, Ollame-Omvane E, Sibéril S, Burgel PR. Effective control of Staphylococcus aureus lung infection despite tertiary lymphoid structure disorganisation. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00768-2020. [PMID: 33093122 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00768-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are triggered by persistent bronchopulmonary infection with Staphylococcus aureus, but their roles remain elusive. The present study sought to examine the effects of B- and/or T-cell depletion on S. aureus infection and TLS development (lymphoid neogenesis) in mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were pre-treated with 1) an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (B-cell depletion) or 2) an anti-CD4 and/or an anti-CD8 mAb (T-cell depletion) or 3) a combination of anti-CD20, anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs (combined B- and T-cell depletion) or 4) isotype control mAbs. After lymphocyte depletion, mice were infected by intratracheal instillation of agarose beads containing S. aureus (106 CFU per mouse). 14 days later, bacterial load and lung inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed by cultures and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS 14 days after S. aureus-bead instillation, lung bacterial load was comparable between control and lymphocyte-depleted mice. While TLS were observed in the lungs of infected mice pre-treated with control mAbs, these structures were disorganised or abolished in the lungs of lymphocyte-depleted mice. The absence of CD20+ B-lymphocytes had no effect on CD3+ T-lymphocyte infiltration, whereas CD4+/CD8+ T-cell depletion markedly reduced CD20+ B-cell infiltration. Depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells separately had limited effect on B-cell infiltration, but led to the absence of germinal centres. CONCLUSION TLS disorganisation is not associated with loss of infection control in mice persistently infected with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Regard
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Martin
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1135, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Lafoeste
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Vicaire
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Emilie Ollame-Omvane
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France .,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
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30
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an infectious disease of global significance and a
leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries. Significant effort
has been directed towards understanding Mycobacterium
tuberculosis genomics, virulence, and pathophysiology within the
framework of Koch postulates. More recently, the advent of “-omics” approaches
has broadened our appreciation of how “commensal” microbes have coevolved with
their host and have a central role in shaping health and susceptibility to
disease. It is now clear that there is a diverse repertoire of interactions
between the microbiota and host immune responses that can either sustain or
disrupt homeostasis. In the context of the global efforts to combatting TB, such
findings and knowledge have raised important questions: Does microbiome
composition indicate or determine susceptibility or resistance to
M. tuberculosis infection? Is the
development of active disease or latent infection upon M.
tuberculosis exposure influenced by the microbiome? Does
microbiome composition influence TB therapy outcome and risk of reinfection with
M. tuberculosis? Can the microbiome be
actively managed to reduce risk of M.
tuberculosis infection or recurrence of TB? Here, we
explore these questions with a particular focus on microbiome-immune
interactions that may affect TB susceptibility, manifestation and progression,
the long-term implications of anti-TB therapy, as well as the potential of the
host microbiome as target for clinical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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31
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Rijnink WF, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. B-Cells and Antibodies as Contributors to Effector Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640168. [PMID: 33679802 PMCID: PMC7930078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still a major threat to mankind, urgently requiring improved vaccination and therapeutic strategies to reduce TB-disease burden. Most present vaccination strategies mainly aim to induce cell-mediated immunity (CMI), yet a series of independent studies has shown that B-cells and antibodies (Abs) may contribute significantly to reduce the mycobacterial burden. Although early studies using B-cell knock out animals did not support a major role for B-cells, more recent studies have provided new evidence that B-cells and Abs can contribute significantly to host defense against Mtb. B-cells and Abs exist in many different functional subsets, each equipped with unique functional properties. In this review, we will summarize current evidence on the contribution of B-cells and Abs to immunity toward Mtb, their potential utility as biomarkers, and their functional contribution to Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn F Rijnink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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32
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Li W, Gauthier JM, Tong AY, Terada Y, Higashikubo R, Frye CC, Harrison MS, Hashimoto K, Bery AI, Ritter JH, Nava RG, Puri V, Wong BW, Lavine KJ, Bharat A, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Lymphatic drainage from bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in tolerant lung allografts promotes peripheral tolerance. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6718-6727. [PMID: 33196461 DOI: 10.1172/jci136057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs are aggregates of immune and stromal cells including high endothelial venules and lymphatic vessels that resemble secondary lymphoid organs and can be induced at nonlymphoid sites during inflammation. The function of lymphatic vessels within tertiary lymphoid organs remains poorly understood. During lung transplant tolerance, Foxp3+ cells accumulate in tertiary lymphoid organs that are induced within the pulmonary grafts and are critical for the local downregulation of alloimmune responses. Here, we showed that tolerant lung allografts could induce and maintain tolerance of heterotopic donor-matched hearts through pathways that were dependent on the continued presence of the transplanted lung. Using lung retransplantation, we showed that Foxp3+ cells egressed from tolerant lung allografts via lymphatics and were recruited into donor-matched heart allografts. Indeed, survival of the heart allografts was dependent on lymphatic drainage from the tolerant lung allograft to the periphery. Thus, our work indicates that cellular trafficking from tertiary lymphoid organs regulates immune responses in the periphery. We propose that these findings have important implications for a variety of disease processes that are associated with the induction of tertiary lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon H Ritter
- Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- Departments of Surgery.,Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Departments of Surgery.,Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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33
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Low-dose Drosera rotundifolia induces gene expression changes in 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2356. [PMID: 33504888 PMCID: PMC7840928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosera rotundifolia has been traditionally used for the treatment of respiratory diseases in phytotherapy and homeopathy. The mechanisms of action recognized so far are linked to the known effects of specific components, such as flavonoids, but are not completely understood. In this study, the biological functions of D. rotundifolia were explored in vitro following the treatment of bronchial epithelial cells, which are the potential targets of the pharmacological effects of the herbal medicine. To do so, the whole plant ethanolic extract was 1000-fold diluted in water (D. rotundifolia 3×) and added to a 16HBE human cell line culture for 3 h or 6 h. The effects on gene expression of the treatments and corresponding controls were then investigated by RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed genes were validated through RT-qPCR, and the enriched biological functions involved in the effects of treatment were investigated. D. rotundifolia 3× did not impair cell viability and was shown to be a stimulant of cell functions by regulating the expression of dozens of genes after 3 h, and the effects were amplified after 6 h of treatment. The main differentially expressed genes encoded ligands of epithelial growth factor receptor, proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification and cytokines, suggesting that D. rotundifolia 3× could stimulate self-repair systems, which are impaired in airway diseases. Furthermore, D. rotundifolia 3× acts on a complex and multifaceted set of genes and may potentially affect different layers of the bronchial mucosa.
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34
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Basile JI, Liu R, Mou W, Gao Y, Carow B, Rottenberg ME. Mycobacteria-Specific T Cells Are Generated in the Lung During Mucosal BCG Immunization or Infection With Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:566319. [PMID: 33193338 PMCID: PMC7643023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.566319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific T cell responses are central for protection against infection with M. tuberculosis. Here we show that mycobacteria-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells accumulated in the lung but not in the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) at different time points after M. tuberculosis infection or BCG immunization. Proliferating specific T cells were found in the lung after infection and immunization. Pulmonary, but not MLN-derived CD4 and CD8 T cells, from M. tuberculosis-infected mice secreted IFN-γ after stimulation with different mycobacterial peptides. Mycobacteria-specific resident memory CD4 and CD8 T cells (TRM) expressing PD-1 accumulated in the lung after aerosol infection and intratracheal (i.t.) -but not subcutaneous (s.c.)- BCG immunization. Chemical inhibition of recirculation indicated that TRM were generated in the lung after BCG i.t. immunization. In summary, mycobacteria specific-TRM accumulate in the lung during i.t. but not s.c. immunization or M. tuberculosis infection. Collectively our data suggests that priming, accumulation and/or expansion of specific T cells during BCG immunization and M. tuberculosis infection occurs in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Basile
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruining Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenjun Mou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Carow
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin E Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Ganatra SR, Bucşan AN, Alvarez X, Kumar S, Chatterjee A, Quezada M, Fish A, Singh DK, Singh B, Sharan R, Lee TH, Shanmugasundaram U, Velu V, Khader SA, Mehra S, Rengarajan J, Kaushal D. Antiretroviral therapy does not reduce tuberculosis reactivation in a tuberculosis-HIV coinfection model. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5171-5179. [PMID: 32544085 PMCID: PMC7524506 DOI: 10.1172/jci136502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved survival, tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death in the HIV-infected population. We used Mycobacterium tuberculosis/simian immunodeficiency virus-coinfected (M. tuberculosis/SIV-coinfected) macaques to model M. tuberculosis/HIV coinfection and study the impact of ART on TB reactivation due to HIV infection. Although ART significantly reduced viral loads and increased CD4+ T cell counts in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples, it did not reduce the relative risk of SIV-induced TB reactivation in ART-treated macaques in the early phase of treatment. CD4+ T cells were poorly restored specifically in the lung interstitium, despite their significant restoration in the alveolar compartment of the lung as well as in the periphery. IDO1 induction in myeloid cells in the inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) likely contributed to dysregulated T cell homing and impaired lung immunity. Thus, although ART was indispensable for controlling viral replication, restoring CD4+ T cells, and preventing opportunistic infection, it appeared inadequate in reversing the clinical signs of TB reactivation during the relatively short duration of ART administered in this study. This finding warrants the modeling of concurrent treatment of TB and HIV to potentially reduce the risk of reactivation of TB due to HIV to inform treatment strategies in patients with M. tuberculosis/HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank R. Ganatra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Allison N. Bucşan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center (TNPRC), Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center (TNPRC), Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shyamesh Kumar
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie Quezada
- Emory Vaccine Center and
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abigail Fish
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dhiraj K. Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Uma Shanmugasundaram
- Emory Vaccine Center and
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Emory Vaccine Center and
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center (TNPRC), Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center and
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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36
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Freeman CM, Curtis JL. It's Complicated: Lung Dendritic Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:479-481. [PMID: 32286855 PMCID: PMC7427380 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-0899ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Freeman
- Research ServiceVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn Arbor, Michigan
- Graduate Program in ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michiganand
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Department of Internal MedicineMichigan MedicineAnn Arbor, Michigan
- Graduate Program in ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michiganand
- Medical ServiceVA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn Arbor, Michigan
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Dunlap MD, Prince OA, Rangel-Moreno J, Thomas KA, Scordo JM, Torrelles JB, Cox J, Steyn AJC, Zúñiga J, Kaushal D, Khader SA. Formation of Lung Inducible Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue Is Regulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Expressed Determinants. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1325. [PMID: 32695111 PMCID: PMC7338767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of the infectious disease tuberculosis (TB), which is a leading cause of death worldwide. Approximately one fourth of the world's population is infected with Mtb. A major unresolved question is delineating the inducers of protective long-lasting immune response without inducing overt, lung inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the presence of inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT) correlate with protection from Mtb infection. In this study, we hypothesized that specific Mtb factors could influence the formation of iBALT, thus skewing the outcome of TB disease. We infected non-human primates (NHPs) with a transposon mutant library of Mtb, and identified specific Mtb mutants that were over-represented within iBALT-containing granulomas. A major pathway reflected in these mutants was Mtb cell wall lipid transport and metabolism. We mechanistically addressed the function of one such Mtb mutant lacking mycobacteria membrane protein large 7 (MmpL7), which transports phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) to the mycobacterial outer membrane (MOM). Accordingly, murine aerosol infection with the Mtb mutant Δmmpl7 correlated with increased iBALT-containing granulomas. Our studies showed that the Δmmpl7 mutant lacking PDIMs on the surface overexpressed diacyl trehaloses (DATs) in the cell wall, which altered the cytokine/chemokine production of epithelial and myeloid cells, thus leading to a dampened inflammatory response. Thus, this study describes an Mtb specific factor that participates in the induction of iBALT formation during TB by directly modulating cytokine and chemokine production in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah D Dunlap
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Oliver A Prince
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Kimberly A Thomas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Julia M Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Jeffery Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Adrie J C Steyn
- Department of Microbiology, Centers for AIDS Research and Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.,African Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Division of Bacteriology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Hertz D, Dibbern J, Eggers L, von Borstel L, Schneider BE. Increased male susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with smaller B cell follicles in the lungs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5142. [PMID: 32198367 PMCID: PMC7083901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis prevalence is significantly higher among men than women. We have previously revealed an increased susceptibility of male C57BL/6 mice towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv. In the current study, we confirm the male bias for infection with the Beijing strain HN878. Males succumbed to HN878 infection significantly earlier than females. In both models, premature death of males was associated with smaller B cell follicles in the lungs. Analysis of homeostatic chemokines and their receptors revealed differences between H37Rv and HN878 infected animals, indicating different immune requirements for follicle formation in both models. However, expression of IL-23, which is involved in long-term containment of Mtb and lymphoid follicle formation, was reduced in male compared to female lungs in both models. Our study reveals sex differences in the formation of B cell follicles in the Mtb infected lung and we propose that impaired follicle formation is responsible for accelerated disease progression in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hertz
- Junior Research Group Coinfection, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jannike Dibbern
- Junior Research Group Coinfection, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lars Eggers
- Junior Research Group Coinfection, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Linda von Borstel
- Junior Research Group Coinfection, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Bianca E Schneider
- Junior Research Group Coinfection, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.
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39
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Cummings KJ, Stanton ML, Kreiss K, Boylstein RJ, Park JH, Cox-Ganser JM, Virji MA, Edwards NT, Segal LN, Blaser MJ, Weissman DN, Nett RJ. Work-related adverse respiratory health outcomes at a machine manufacturing facility with a cluster of bronchiolitis, alveolar ductitis and emphysema (BADE). Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:386-392. [PMID: 32132182 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Four machine manufacturing facility workers had a novel occupational lung disease of uncertain aetiology characterised by lymphocytic bronchiolitis, alveolar ductitis and emphysema (BADE). We aimed to evaluate current workers' respiratory health in relation to job category and relative exposure to endotoxin, which is aerosolised from in-use metalworking fluid. METHODS We offered a questionnaire and spirometry at baseline and 3.5 year follow-up. Endotoxin exposures were quantified for 16 production and non-production job groups. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decline ≥10% was considered excessive. We examined SMRs compared with US adults, adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for health outcomes by endotoxin exposure tertiles and predictors of excessive FEV1 decline. RESULTS Among 388 (89%) baseline participants, SMRs were elevated for wheeze (2.5 (95% CI 2.1 to 3.0)), but not obstruction (0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.1)). Mean endotoxin exposures (range: 0.09-28.4 EU/m3) were highest for machine shop jobs. Higher exposure was associated with exertional dyspnea (aPR=2.8 (95% CI 1.4 to 5.7)), but not lung function. Of 250 (64%) follow-up participants, 11 (4%) had excessive FEV1 decline (range: 403-2074 mL); 10 worked in production. Wheeze (aPR=3.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 12.1)) and medium (1.3-7.5 EU/m3) endotoxin exposure (aPR=10.5 (95% CI 1.3 to 83.1)) at baseline were associated with excessive decline. One production worker with excessive decline had BADE on subsequent lung biopsy. CONCLUSIONS Lung function loss and BADE were associated with production work. Relationships with relative endotoxin exposure indicate work-related adverse respiratory health outcomes beyond the sentinel disease cluster, including an incident BADE case. Until causative factors and effective preventive strategies for BADE are determined, exposure minimisation and medical surveillance of affected workforces are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Cummings
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Marcia L Stanton
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kathleen Kreiss
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Randy J Boylstein
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ju-Hyeong Park
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jean M Cox-Ganser
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - M Abbas Virji
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Nicole T Edwards
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David N Weissman
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Randall J Nett
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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40
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Cummings KJ, Stanton ML, Nett RJ, Segal LN, Kreiss K, Abraham JL, Colby TV, Franko AD, Green FH, Sanyal S, Tallaksen RJ, Wendland D, Bachelder VD, Boylstein RJ, Park J, Cox‐Ganser JM, Virji MA, Crawford JA, Green BJ, LeBouf RF, Blaser MJ, Weissman DN. Severe lung disease characterized by lymphocytic bronchiolitis, alveolar ductitis, and emphysema (BADE) in industrial machine-manufacturing workers. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:927-937. [PMID: 31461179 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cluster of severe lung disease occurred at a manufacturing facility making industrial machines. We aimed to describe disease features and workplace exposures. METHODS Clinical, functional, radiologic, and histopathologic features were characterized. Airborne concentrations of thoracic aerosol, metalworking fluid, endotoxin, metals, and volatile organic compounds were measured. Facility airflow was assessed using tracer gas. Process fluids were examined using culture, polymerase chain reaction, and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. RESULTS Five previously healthy male never-smokers, ages 27 to 50, developed chest symptoms from 1995 to 2012 while working in the facility's production areas. Patients had an insidious onset of cough, wheeze, and exertional dyspnea; airflow obstruction (mean FEV1 = 44% predicted) and reduced diffusing capacity (mean = 53% predicted); and radiologic centrilobular emphysema. Lung tissue demonstrated a unique pattern of bronchiolitis and alveolar ductitis with B-cell follicles lacking germinal centers, and significant emphysema for never-smokers. All had chronic dyspnea, three had a progressive functional decline, and one underwent lung transplantation. Patients reported no unusual nonoccupational exposures. No cases were identified among nonproduction workers or in the community. Endotoxin concentrations were elevated in two air samples; otherwise, exposures were below occupational limits. Air flowed from areas where machining occurred to other production areas. Metalworking fluid primarily grew Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and lacked mycobacterial DNA, but 16S analysis revealed more complex bacterial communities. CONCLUSION This cluster indicates a previously unrecognized occupational lung disease of yet uncertain etiology that should be considered in manufacturing workers (particularly never-smokers) with airflow obstruction and centrilobular emphysema. Investigation of additional cases in other settings could clarify the cause and guide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J. Cummings
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Marcia L. Stanton
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Randall J. Nett
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Leopoldo N. Segal
- Department of MedicineNew York University School of Medicine New York New York
| | - Kathleen Kreiss
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Jerrold L. Abraham
- Department of PathologyState University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York
| | - Thomas V. Colby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Scottsdale Arizona
| | - Angela D. Franko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Francis H.Y. Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Soma Sanyal
- Department of PathologyState University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York
| | - Robert J. Tallaksen
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | | | | | - Randy J. Boylstein
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Ju‐Hyeong Park
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Jean M. Cox‐Ganser
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - M. Abbas Virji
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Judith A. Crawford
- Department of PathologyState University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York
| | - Brett James Green
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Ryan F. LeBouf
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Department of MedicineNew York University School of Medicine New York New York
| | - David N. Weissman
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia
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41
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Wang D, Zhang J, Lau J, Wang S, Taneja V, Matteson EL, Vassallo R. Mechanisms of lung disease development in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:581-596. [PMID: 31455869 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes joint inflammation and damage. Extra-articular manifestations occur in many patients and can include lung involvement in the form of airway or parenchymal inflammation and fibrosis. Although the pathophysiology of articular RA has been extensively investigated, the mechanisms causing airway and parenchymal lung disease are not well defined. Infections, cigarette-smoking, mucosal dysbiosis, host genetics and premature senescence are all potentially important contributors to the development of lung disease in patients with RA. RA-associated lung disease (which can predate the onset of articular disease by many years) probably originates from chronic airway and alveolar epithelial injury that occurs in an individual with a genetic background that permits the development of autoimmunity, leading to chronic inflammation and subsequent airway and lung parenchymal remodelling and fibrosis. Further investigations into the specific mechanisms by which lung disease develops in RA will be crucial for the development of effective therapies. Identifying mechanisms by which environmental and host factors cooperate in the induction of autoimmunity in the lung might also help to establish the order of early events in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jessica Lau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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