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Wu L, Chen J. Type 3 IP3 receptor: Its structure, functions, and related disease implications. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2267416. [PMID: 37818548 PMCID: PMC10569359 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2267416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-fate decisions depend on the precise and strict regulation of multiple signaling molecules and transcription factors, especially intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics. Type 3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R3) is an a tetrameric channel that can mediate the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to extracellular stimuli. The gating of IP3R3 is regulated not only by ligands but also by other interacting proteins. To date, extensive research conducted on the basic structure of IP3R3, as well as its regulation by ligands and interacting proteins, has provided novel perspectives on its biological functions and pathogenic mechanisms. This review aims to discuss recent advancements in the study of IP3R3 and provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant literature pertaining to its structure, biological functions, and pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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2
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Garrett-Sinha LA. An update on the roles of transcription factor Ets1 in autoimmune diseases. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1627. [PMID: 37565573 PMCID: PMC10842644 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are crucial to regulate gene expression in immune cells and in other cell types. In lymphocytes, there are a large number of different transcription factors that are known to contribute to cell differentiation and the balance between quiescence and activation. One such transcription factor is E26 oncogene homolog 1 (Ets1). Ets1 expression is high in quiescent B and T lymphocytes and its levels are decreased upon activation. The human ETS1 gene has been identified as a susceptibility locus for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In accord with this, gene knockout of Ets1 in mice leads to development of a lupus-like autoimmune disease, with enhanced activation and differentiation of both B cells and T cells. Prior reviews have summarized functional roles for Ets1 based on studies of Ets1 knockout mice. In recent years, numerous additional studies have been published that further validate ETS1 as a susceptibility locus for human diseases where immune dysregulation plays a causative role. In this update, new information that further links Ets1 to human autoimmune diseases is organized and collated to serve as a resource. This update also describes recent studies that seek to understand molecularly how Ets1 regulates immune cell activation, either using human cells and tissues or mouse models. This resource is expected to be useful to investigators seeking to understand how Ets1 may regulate the human immune response, particularly in terms of its roles in autoimmunity and inflammation. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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3
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Nadeem A, Ahmad SF. Point mutations in the gene encoding IP3 receptor subtype 3 cause impairment in T-cell and B-cell immune responses via dysfunctional Ca 2+ mobilization. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:214-216. [PMID: 36596871 PMCID: PMC9886997 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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4
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Yang X, Chatterjee V, Ma Y, Zheng E, Yuan SY. Protein Palmitoylation in Leukocyte Signaling and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600368. [PMID: 33195285 PMCID: PMC7655920 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) based on thioester-linkage between palmitic acid and the cysteine residue of a protein. This covalent attachment of palmitate is reversibly and dynamically regulated by two opposing sets of enzymes: palmitoyl acyltransferases containing a zinc finger aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine motif (PAT-DHHCs) and thioesterases. The reversible nature of palmitoylation enables fine-tuned regulation of protein conformation, stability, and ability to interact with other proteins. More importantly, the proper function of many surface receptors and signaling proteins requires palmitoylation-meditated partitioning into lipid rafts. A growing number of leukocyte proteins have been reported to undergo palmitoylation, including cytokine/chemokine receptors, adhesion molecules, pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors, T cell co-receptors, transmembrane adaptor proteins, and signaling effectors including the Src family of protein kinases. This review provides the latest findings of palmitoylated proteins in leukocytes and focuses on the functional impact of palmitoylation in leukocyte function related to adhesion, transmigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pathogen recognition, signaling activation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ethan Zheng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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5
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Tubbs JD, Ding J, Baum L, Sham PC. Immune dysregulation in depression: Evidence from genome-wide association. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 7:100108. [PMID: 34589869 PMCID: PMC8474691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong body of evidence supports a role for immune dysregulation across many psychiatric disorders including depression, the leading cause of global disability. Recent progress in the search for genetic variants associated with depression provides the opportunity to strengthen our current understanding of etiological factors contributing to depression and generate novel hypotheses. Here, we provide an overview of the literature demonstrating a role for immune dysregulation in depression, followed by a detailed discussion of the immune-related genes identified by the most recent genome-wide meta-analysis of depression. These genes represent strong evidence-based targets for future basic and translational research which aims to understand the role of the immune system in depression pathology and identify novel points for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiahong Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Larry Baum
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pak C. Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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6
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N Rosalez M, Estevez-Fregoso E, Alatorre A, Abad-García A, A Soriano-Ursúa M. 2-Aminoethyldiphenyl Borinate: A Multitarget Compound with Potential as a Drug Precursor. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 13:57-75. [PMID: 31654521 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191025145429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron is considered a trace element that induces various effects in systems of the human body. However, each boron-containing compound exerts different effects. OBJECTIVE To review the effects of 2-Aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB), an organoboron compound, on the human body, but also, its effects in animal models of human disease. METHODS In this review, the information to showcase the expansion of these reported effects through interactions with several ion channels and other receptors has been reported. These effects are relevant in the biomedical and chemical fields due to the application of the reported data in developing therapeutic tools to modulate the functions of the immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and nervous systems. RESULTS Accordingly, 2-APB acts as a modulator of adaptive and innate immunity, including the production of cytokines and the migration of leukocytes. Additionally, reports show that 2-APB exerts effects on neurons, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, and it provides a cytoprotective effect by the modulation and attenuation of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The molecular pharmacology of 2-APB supports both its potential to act as a drug and the desirable inclusion of its moieties in new drug development. Research evaluating its efficacy in treating pain and specific maladies, such as immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurodegenerative disorders, is scarce but interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin N Rosalez
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Estevez-Fregoso
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Alberto Alatorre
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Antonio Abad-García
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
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7
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Haider T, Tiwari R, Vyas SP, Soni V. Molecular determinants as therapeutic targets in cancer chemotherapy: An update. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:85-109. [PMID: 31047907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that cancer cells are heterogeneous in nature and very distinct from their normal counterparts. Commonly these cancer cells possess different and complementary metabolic profile, microenvironment and adopting behaviors to generate more ATPs to fulfill the requirement of high energy that is further utilized in the production of proteins and other essentials required for cell survival, growth, and proliferation. These differences create many challenges in cancer treatments. On the contrary, such situations of metabolic differences between cancer and normal cells may be expected a promising strategy for treatment purpose. In this article, we focus on the molecular determinants of oncogene-specific sub-organelles such as potential metabolites of mitochondria (reactive oxygen species, apoptotic proteins, cytochrome c, caspase 9, caspase 3, etc.), endoplasmic reticulum (unfolded protein response, PKR-like ER kinase, C/EBP homologous protein, etc.), nucleus (nucleolar phosphoprotein, nuclear pore complex, nuclear localization signal), lysosome (microenvironment, etc.) and plasma membrane phospholipids, etc. that might be exploited for the targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs for therapeutic benefits. This review will help to understand the various targets of subcellular organelles at molecular levels. In the future, this molecular level understanding may be combined with the genomic profile of cancer for the development of the molecularly guided or personalized therapeutics for complete eradication of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Suresh Prasad Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Vandana Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India.
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8
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Cheng YC, Tsai RY, Sung YT, Chen IJ, Tu TY, Mao YY, Wong CS. Melatonin regulation of transcription in the reversal of morphine tolerance: Microarray analysis of differential gene expression. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:791-806. [PMID: 30569162 PMCID: PMC6317689 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerance and associated hyperalgesia induced by long‑term morphine administration substantially restrict the clinical use of morphine in pain treatment. Melatonin, a neurohormone released by the pineal gland, has been demonstrated to attenuate anti‑nociceptive morphine tolerance. The present study investigates differentially expressed genes in the process of morphine tolerance and altered gene expression subsequent to melatonin treatment in chronic morphine‑infused ratspinal cords. Morphine tolerance was induced in male Wistar rats by intrathecal morphine infusion (the MO group). Melatonin (the MOMa group) was administered to overcome the effects derived by morphine. The mRNA collected from L5‑S3 of the spinal cord was extracted and analysed by rat expression microarray. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis revealed that the overall gene profiles were different in morphine and melatonin treatments. Subsequent to Gene Ontology analysis, the biological processes of differentially expressed genes of MO and MOMa compared with the control group were constructed. Furthermore, a panel of genes exclusively expressed following melatonin treatment and another panel of genes with inverse expression between the MO and MOMa group were also established. Subsequent to PANTHER pathway analysis, a group of genes with inverse expression following melatonin administrated compared with morphine alone were identified. The expression levels of genes of interest were also confirmed using a reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The gene panel that was constructed suggests a potential signaling pathway in morphine tolerance development and is valuable for investigating the mechanism of morphine tolerance and the regulatory gene profiles of melatonin treatment. These results may contribute to the discovery of potential drug targets in morphine tolerance treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Cheng
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ru-Yin Tsai
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Da‑Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Tseng Sung
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ing-Jung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Yi Tu
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Yuan Mao
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
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9
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Diener C, Hart M, Alansary D, Poth V, Walch-Rückheim B, Menegatti J, Grässer F, Fehlmann T, Rheinheimer S, Niemeyer BA, Lenhof HP, Keller A, Meese E. Modulation of intracellular calcium signaling by microRNA-34a-5p. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1008. [PMID: 30262862 PMCID: PMC6160487 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adjusting intracellular calcium signaling is an important feature in the regulation of immune cell function and survival. Here we show that miR-34a-5p, a small non-coding RNA that is deregulated in many common diseases, is a regulator of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and calcineurin signaling. Upon miR-34a-5p overexpression, we observed both a decreased depletion of ER calcium content and a decreased Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. Based on an in silico target prediction we identified multiple miR-34a-5p target genes within both pathways that are implicated in the balance between T-cell activation and apoptosis including ITPR2, CAMLG, STIM1, ORAI3, RCAN1, PPP3R1, and NFATC4. Functional analysis revealed a decrease in Ca2+ activated calcineurin pathway activity measured by a reduced IL-2 secretion due to miR-34a-5p overexpression. Impacting SOCE and/or downstream calcineurin/NFAT signaling by miR-34a-5p offers a possible future approach to manipulate immune cells for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dalia Alansary
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Poth
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grässer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Barbara A Niemeyer
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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10
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ITPR3 gene haplotype is associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma risk in Taiwanese women. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10085-10090. [PMID: 28036301 PMCID: PMC5354643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immunogenetic background plays an important role in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer development. Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3 (ITPR3) is essential for both immune activation and cancer pathogenesis. We aim to investigate if ITPR3 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the risk of cervical cancer in Taiwanese women. ITPR3 rs3748079 A/G and rs2229634 C/T polymorphisms were genotyped in a hospital-based study of 462 women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and 921 age-matched healthy control women. The presence and genotypes of HPV in CSCC was determined. No significant association of individual ITPR3 variants were found among controls, CSCC, and HPV-16 positive CSCC. However, we found a significant association of haplotype AT between CSCC and controls (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.31-3.97, P = 2.83 × 10-3) and the OR increased further in CSCC patients infected with HPV-16 (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.55-5.37, P = 4.54 × 10-4). The linkage disequilibrium analysis demonstrated that ITPR3 association with CSCC was independent of HLA-DRB1 alleles. In conclusion, these findings suggest that AT haplotype in the ITPR3 gene may serve as a potential marker for genetic susceptibility to CSCC.
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11
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Uzhachenko R, Shanker A, Dupont G. Computational properties of mitochondria in T cell activation and fate. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160192. [PMID: 27852805 PMCID: PMC5133440 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review how mitochondrial Ca2+ transport (mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and Na+/Ca2+ exchange) is involved in T cell biology, including activation and differentiation through shaping cellular Ca2+ signals. Based on recent observations, we propose that the Ca2+ crosstalk between mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm may form a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. This PID mechanism (which is well known in engineering) could be responsible for computing cellular decisions. In addition, we point out the importance of analogue and digital signal processing in T cell life and implication of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA .,Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and the Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP231, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Joshi RN, Binai NA, Marabita F, Sui Z, Altman A, Heck AJR, Tegnér J, Schmidt A. Phosphoproteomics Reveals Regulatory T Cell-Mediated DEF6 Dephosphorylation That Affects Cytokine Expression in Human Conventional T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1163. [PMID: 28993769 PMCID: PMC5622166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control key events of immune tolerance, primarily by suppression of effector T cells. We previously revealed that Tregs rapidly suppress T cell receptor (TCR)-induced calcium store depletion in conventional CD4+CD25− T cells (Tcons) independently of IP3 levels, consequently inhibiting NFAT signaling and effector cytokine expression. Here, we study Treg suppression mechanisms through unbiased phosphoproteomics of primary human Tcons upon TCR stimulation and Treg-mediated suppression, respectively. Tregs induced a state of overall decreased phosphorylation as opposed to TCR stimulation. We discovered novel phosphosites (T595_S597) in the DEF6 (SLAT) protein that were phosphorylated upon TCR stimulation and conversely dephosphorylated upon coculture with Tregs. Mutation of these DEF6 phosphosites abrogated interaction of DEF6 with the IP3 receptor and affected NFAT activation and cytokine transcription in primary Tcons. This novel mechanism and phosphoproteomics data resource may aid in modifying sensitivity of Tcons to Treg-mediated suppression in autoimmune disease or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin N Joshi
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadine A Binai
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Marabita
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhenhua Sui
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jesper Tegnér
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angelika Schmidt
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Lee AM, Colin-York H, Fritzsche M. CalQuo 2 : Automated Fourier-space, population-level quantification of global intracellular calcium responses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5416. [PMID: 28710416 PMCID: PMC5511169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium acts as a secondary messenger in a wide variety of crucial biological signaling processes. Advances in fluorescence microscopy and calcium sensitive dyes has led to the routine quantification of calcium responses in non-excitable cells. However, the automatization of global intracellular calcium analysis at the single-cell level within a large population simultaneously remains challenging. One software, CalQuo (Calcium Quantification), offers some automatic features in calcium analysis. Here, we present an advanced version of the software package: CalQuo 2 . CalQuo 2 analyzes the calcium response in the Fourier-domain, allowing the number of user-defined filtering parameters to be reduced to one and a greater diversity of calcium responses to be recognized, compared to CalQuo that directly interprets the calcium intensity signal. CalQuo 2 differentiates cells that release a single calcium response and those that release oscillatory calcium fluxes. We have demonstrated the use of CalQuo 2 by measuring the calcium response in genetically modified Jurkat T-cells under varying ligand conditions, in which we show that peptide:MHCs and anti-CD3 antibodies trigger a fraction of T cells to release oscillatory calcium fluxes that increase with increasing koff rates. These results show that CalQuo 2 is a robust and user-friendly tool for characterizing global, single cell calcium responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lee
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Colin-York
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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Talme T, Bergdahl E, Sundqvist KG. Methotrexate and its therapeutic antagonists caffeine and theophylline, target a motogenic T-cell mechanism driven by thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1279-90. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toomas Talme
- Department of Medicine; Division of Dermatology; Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Bergdahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Division of Clinical Immunology; Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Karl-Gösta Sundqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Division of Clinical Immunology; Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Division of Therapeutic Immunology; Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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15
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Garrett-Sinha LA, Kearly A, Satterthwaite AB. The Role of the Transcription Factor Ets1 in Lupus and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 36:485-510. [PMID: 28845756 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by excess B- and T-cell activation, the development of autoantibodies against self-antigens including nuclear antigens, and immune complex deposition in target organs, which triggers an inflammatory response and tissue damage. The genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of SLE have been studied extensively in both humans and mouse models of the disease. One of the important genetic contributions to SLE development is an alteration in the expression of the transcription factor Ets1, which regulates the functional differentiation of lymphocytes. Here, we review the genetic, biochemical, and immunological studies that have linked low levels of Ets1 to aberrant lymphocyte differentiation and to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Alyssa Kearly
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Anne B Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatic Diseases Division; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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16
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Liu M, Gao W, van Velkinburgh JC, Wu Y, Ni B, Tian Y. Role of Ets Proteins in Development, Differentiation, and Function of T-Cell Subsets. Med Res Rev 2015; 36:193-220. [PMID: 26301869 DOI: 10.1002/med.21361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Through positive selection, double-positive cells in the thymus differentiate into CD4(+) or CD8(+) T single-positive cells that subsequently develop into different types of effective T cells, such as T-helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells, that play distinctive roles in the immune system. Development, differentiation, and function of thymocytes and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are controlled by a multitude of secreted and intracellular factors, ranging from cytokine signaling modules to transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers. Members of the E26 transformation specific (Ets) family of transcription factors, in particular, are potent regulators of these CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell processes. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functions and underlying mechanisms of the Ets family members that have been characterized as involved in these processes. Ongoing research of these factors is expected to identify practical applications for the Ets family members as novel therapeutic targets for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Liu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China.,Battalion 10 of Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Weiwu Gao
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | | | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Bing Ni
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
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17
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Yang R, Lirussi D, Thornton TM, Jelley-Gibbs DM, Diehl SA, Case LK, Madesh M, Taatjes DJ, Teuscher C, Haynes L, Rincón M. Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ and membrane potential, an alternative pathway for Interleukin 6 to regulate CD4 cell effector function. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25974216 PMCID: PMC4447996 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-6 plays an important role in determining the fate of effector CD4 cells and the cytokines that these cells produce. Here we identify a novel molecular mechanism by which IL-6 regulates CD4 cell effector function. We show that IL-6-dependent signal facilitates the formation of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes to sustain high mitochondrial membrane potential late during activation of CD4 cells. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization caused by IL-6 is uncoupled from the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. However, it is a mechanism to raise the levels of mitochondrial Ca2+ late during activation of CD4 cells. Increased levels of mitochondrial Ca2+ in the presence of IL-6 are used to prolong Il4 and Il21 expression in effector CD4 cells. Thus, the effect of IL-6 on mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial Ca2+ is an alternative pathway by which IL-6 regulates effector function of CD4 cells and it could contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06376.001 Inflammation is a normal part of the body's response to an infection or injury and it helps to start the healing process. However, if left unchecked, inflammation itself can damage tissues, and diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are the result of uncontrolled inflammation. Certain immune cells release molecules that can either trigger or suppress inflammation. Interleukin 6 is an example of a ‘pro-inflammatory’ molecule, which regulates the activity of groups of immune cells collectively known as ‘CD4 cells’. People who are overweight or obese have higher levels of interleukin 6 than people of a healthy weight. Obesity and other metabolic conditions have been linked to problems with structures called mitochondria, which make a molecule called ATP that provides cells with the energy they need to survive. But it is not known if interleukin 6 can affect the activity of mitochondria inside CD4 cells. Now, Yang et al. have discovered that interleukin 6 can affect the mitochondria inside CD4 cells and, in doing so, have identified a new way that interleukin 6 can regulate these cells' activity. Experiments involving immune cells from mice revealed that interleukin 6 triggers a cascade of signaling events that aid the formation of so-called ‘mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes’ in CD4 cells. These are groups of proteins that work together in the membranes of mitochondria and are vital for the activity of these structures. The formation of these supercomplexes maintains a large voltage difference across the membrane of the mitochondria that occurs during the later stages of CD4 cell activation. Yang et al. found that this voltage difference was not linked to the production of ATP, but that it did raise the levels of calcium ions inside the mitochondria. Further experiments revealed that these increased levels of calcium ions prolong the production of other pro-inflammatory molecules in the CD4 cells. Following the discovery of a new pathway that regulates the activity of CD4 cells, the next challenge is to see if the parts of this pathway could be targeted with drugs to help treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, because interleukin 6 plays an active role in other diseases such as cancer, further studies of this new pathway may help explain how this molecule encourages cancers to progress and/or spread around the body. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06376.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Dario Lirussi
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Tina M Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | | | - Sean A Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Laure K Case
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | | | - Mercedes Rincón
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
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18
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Lleo A, Zhang W, McDonald WH, Seeley EH, Leung PS, Coppel RL, Ansari AA, Adams DH, Afford S, Invernizzi P, Gershwin ME. Shotgun proteomics: identification of unique protein profiles of apoptotic bodies from biliary epithelial cells. Hepatology 2014; 60:1314-23. [PMID: 24841946 PMCID: PMC4175017 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Shotgun proteomics is a powerful analytic method to characterize complex protein mixtures in combination with multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We used this platform for proteomic characterization of apoptotic bodies in an effort to define the complex protein mixtures found in primary cultures of human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HiBEC), human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, human bronchial epithelial cells, isolated intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells from explanted primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and control liver using a total of 24 individual samples. Further, as additional controls and for purposes of comparison, proteomic signatures were also obtained from intact cells and apoptotic bodies. The data obtained from LC-MS/MS, combined with database searches and protein assembly algorithms, allowed us to address significant differences in protein spectral counts and identify unique pathways that may be a component of the induction of the signature inflammatory cytokine response against BECs, including the Notch signaling pathway, interleukin (IL)8, IL6, CXCR2, and integrin signaling. Indeed, there are 11 proteins that localize specifically to apoptotic bodies of HiBEC and eight proteins that were specifically absent in HiBEC apoptotic bodies. CONCLUSION Proteomic analysis of BECs from PBC liver compared to normal liver are significantly different, suggesting that an immunological attack affects the repertoire of proteins expressed and that such cells should be thought of as living in an environment undergoing continuous selection secondary to an innate and adaptive immune response, reflecting an almost "Darwinian" bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lleo
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - W. Hayes McDonald
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin H. Seeley
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick S.C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ross L. Coppel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David H. Adams
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Afford
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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19
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A novel allosteric mechanism on protein-DNA interactions underlying the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of Ets1 target gene expressions. J Mol Biol 2014; 427:1655-69. [PMID: 25083921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative assemblies of transcription factors (TFs) on target gene enhancers coordinate cell proliferation, fate specification, and differentiation through precise and complicated transcriptional mechanisms. Chemical modifications, such as phosphorylation, of TFs induced by cell signaling further modulate the dynamic cooperativity of TFs. In this study, we found that various Ets1-containing TF-DNA complexes respond differently to calcium-induced phosphorylation of Ets1, which is known to inhibit Ets1-DNA binding. Crystallographic analysis of a complex comprising Ets1, Runx1, and CBFβ at the TCRα enhancer revealed that Ets1 acquires robust binding stability in the Runx1 and DNA-complexed state, via allosteric mechanisms. This allows phosphorylated Ets1 to be retained at the TCRα enhancer with Runx1, in contrast to other Ets1 target gene enhancers including mb-1 and stromelysin-1. This study provides a structure-based model for cell-signaling-dependent regulation of target genes, mediated via chemical modification of TFs.
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20
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Shan S, Dang J, Li J, Yang Z, Zhao H, Xin Q, Ma X, Liu Y, Bian X, Gong Y, Liu Q. ETS1 variants confer susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in Han Chinese. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R87. [PMID: 24708692 PMCID: PMC4060494 DOI: 10.1186/ar4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction ETS1 is a negative regulator of the Th17 differentiation gene and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in ETS1 confer susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Han Chinese. Methods We selected seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within ETS1 based on HapMap data and previous genome-wide association study. Genotyping involved the TaqMan method in 1,015 patients with AS and 1,132 healthy controls from Shandong Province, and 352 AS patients and 400 healthy controls from Ningxia, a northwest region in China. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. Results The SNP rs1128334 was strongly associated with AS (odds ratio 1.204, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.37; P = 0.005). This association was confiexrmed in the Ningxia population (P = 0.015). Carriers of the haplotype TAT for rs12574073, rs1128334 and rs4937333 were associated with increased risk of AS and haplotype CGC with reduced risk as compared to controls. In addition, ETS1 expression was lower in AS patients than controls. The risk allele A of rs1128334 and haplotype A-T of rs1128334 and rs4937333 were associated with decreased expression of ETS1. Conclusions Common variants in ETS1 may contribute to AS susceptibility in Han Chinese people.
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21
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Ets-1 facilitates nuclear entry of NFAT proteins and their recruitment to the IL-2 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:15776-81. [PMID: 24019486 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1304343110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
E26 transformation-specific sequence 1 (Ets-1), the prototype of the ETS family of transcription factors, is critical for the expression of IL-2 by murine Th cells; however, its mechanism of action is still unclear. Here we show that Ets-1 is also essential for optimal production of IL-2 by primary human Th cells. Although Ets-1 negatively regulates the expression of Blimp1, a known suppressor of IL-2 expression, ablation of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) does not rescue the expression of IL-2 by Ets-1-deficient Th cells. Instead, Ets-1 physically and functionally interacts with the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and is required for the recruitment of NFAT to the IL-2 promoter. In addition, Ets-1 is located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of resting Th cells. Nuclear Ets-1 quickly exits the nucleus in response to calcium-dependent signals and competes with NFAT proteins for binding to protein components of noncoding RNA repressor of NFAT complex (NRON), which serves as a cytoplasmic trap for phosphorylated NFAT proteins. This nuclear exit of Ets-1 precedes rapid nuclear entry of NFAT and Ets-1 deficiency results in impaired nuclear entry, but not dephosphorylation, of NFAT proteins. Thus, Ets-1 promotes the expression of IL-2 by modulating the activity of NFAT.
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22
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Review of Ets1 structure, function, and roles in immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3375-90. [PMID: 23288305 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Ets1 transcription factor is a member of the Ets gene family and is highly conserved throughout evolution. Ets1 is known to regulate a number of important biological processes in normal cells and in tumors. In particular, Ets1 has been associated with regulation of immune cell function and with an aggressive behavior in tumors that express it at high levels. Here we review and summarize the general features of Ets1 and describe its roles in immunity and autoimmunity, with a focus on its roles in B lymphocytes. We also review evidence that suggests that Ets1 may play a role in malignant transformation of hematopoietic malignancies including B cell malignancies.
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23
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Demkow U, Winklewski P, Ciepiela O, Popko K, Lipińska A, Kucharska A, Michalska B, Wąsik M. Modulatory effect of insulin on T cell receptor mediated calcium signaling is blunted in long lasting type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:150-6. [PMID: 22580531 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin significantly influences Ca(2+) signals evoked by various stimulants. In type 1 recent onset diabetes mellitus the proliferative response of T cells is significantly decreased. The number of clinical trials exploring the role of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) as a therapeutic agent in recent onset diabetes mellitus type 1 is increasing last years. Therefore, a better understanding of the interplay between T cell receptor (TCR) dependent Ca(2+) increase, and insulin is of vital clinical significance. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of insulin on TCR evoked Ca(2+) responses in T lymphocytes obtained from healthy volunteers and patients suffering from long lasting diabetes mellitus type 1. Analysis was performed with use of the flow cytometer. We demonstrated that T cells ability to mobilize Ca(2+) was significantly reduced in long lasting diabetes mellitus type 1. Ca(2+) decrease achieved by the long term incubation with anti-CD3 mAb in T cells from healthy volunteers was restored by insulin. Strong interrelationship between baseline Ca(2+) level and plateau phase response to TCR stimulation was observed in the cytoplasm of cells pre-incubated with insulin from both healthy subjects and diabetic patients (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.94, p < 0.0001, respectively). We postulate the existence of the interplay between TCR mediated activation and insulin. The TCR-insulin interplay is blunted in long lasting diabetes mellitus type 1. These observations may have an important implication for future therapeutic options in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Marszałkowska 24, PL 00-576 Warszawa, Poland.
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24
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Thakur P, Dadsetan S, Fomina AF. Bidirectional coupling between ryanodine receptors and Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel machinery sustains store-operated Ca2+ entry in human T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37233-44. [PMID: 22948152 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.398974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and functional significance of ryanodine receptors (RyR) were investigated in resting and activated primary human T cells. RyR1, RyR2, and RyR3 transcripts were detected in human T cells. RyR1/2 transcript levels increased, whereas those of RyR3 decreased after T cell activation. RyR1/2 protein immunoreactivity was detected in activated but not in resting T cells. The RyR agonist caffeine evoked Ca(2+) release from the intracellular store in activated T cells but not in resting T cells, indicating that RyR are functionally up-regulated in activated T cells compared with resting T cells. In the presence of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) via plasmalemmal Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels, RyR blockers reduced the Ca(2+) leak from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the magnitude of SOCE, suggesting that a positive feedback relationship exists between RyR and CRAC channels. Overexpression of fluorescently tagged RyR2 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), an ER Ca(2+) sensor gating CRAC channels, in HEK293 cells revealed that RyR are co-localized with STIM1 in the puncta formed after store depletion. These data indicate that in primary human T cells, the RyR are coupled to CRAC channel machinery such that SOCE activates RyR via a Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release mechanism, which in turn reduces the Ca(2+) concentration within the ER lumen in the vicinity of STIM1, thus facilitating SOCE by reducing store-dependent CRAC channel inactivation. Treatment with RyR blockers suppressed activated T cell expansion, demonstrating the functional importance of RyR in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Thakur
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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25
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Schmidt A, Oberle N, Krammer PH. Molecular mechanisms of treg-mediated T cell suppression. Front Immunol 2012; 3:51. [PMID: 22566933 PMCID: PMC3341960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress other immune cells and, thus, are critical mediators of peripheral self-tolerance. On the one hand, Tregs avert autoimmune disease and allergies. On the other hand, Tregs can prevent immune reactions against tumors and pathogens. Despite the importance of Tregs, the molecular mechanisms of suppression remain incompletely understood and controversial. Proliferation and cytokine production of CD4(+)CD25(-) conventional T cells (Tcons) can be inhibited directly by Tregs. In addition, Tregs can indirectly suppress Tcon activation via inhibition of the stimulatory capacity of antigen presenting cells. Direct suppression of Tcons by Tregs can involve immunosuppressive soluble factors or cell contact. Different mechanisms of suppression have been described, so far with no consensus on one universal mechanism. Controversies might be explained by the fact that different mechanisms may operate depending on the site of the immune reaction, on the type and activation state of the suppressed target cell as well as on the Treg activation status. Further, inhibition of T cell effector function can occur independently of suppression of proliferation. In this review, we summarize the described molecular mechanisms of suppression with a particular focus on suppression of Tcons and rapid suppression of T cell receptor-induced calcium (Ca(2+)), NFAT, and NF-κB signaling in Tcons by Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Schmidt
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumorimmunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Robert V, Triffaux E, Savignac M, Pelletier L. Calcium signalling in T-lymphocytes. Biochimie 2011; 93:2087-94. [PMID: 21712067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signalling is essential for most of the biological T-cell activities, including in Th2 lymphocytes, a T-cell subset that produce interleukin 4, 5 and 13 and which is involved in allergic diseases. T-cell receptor engagement induces the production of inositol trisphosphate that binds to its receptor, releasing intracellular Ca(2+) stores. STIM in the endo (sarco) plasmic reticulum (ER/SR) is a Ca(2+) sensor that perceives the depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores, localizes near the cell membrane and allows the activation of ORAI, the main calcium channels at the cell membrane. However, other calcium channels at the membrane of intracellular compartments and at the cell membrane can also contribute to the TCR-driven intracellular Ca(2+) rise. Among them, voltage-dependent calcium (Ca(v)1) channels have been reported in several types of T-lymphocytes, although how they are gated in these non-excitable cells remains unsolved. We have shown that Cav1 channel expression was selectively up regulated in Th2 lymphocytes. In this review, we will discuss about the diversity of the Ca(2+) channels responsible for Ca(2+) homeostasis in the different cell subsets and the interactions between these molecules, which can account for the variety of the calcium responses depending upon the functions of effector T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Robert
- INSERM U1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, France
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28
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Bhattacharyya S, Deb J, Patra AK, Thuy Pham DA, Chen W, Vaeth M, Berberich-Siebelt F, Klein-Hessling S, Lamperti ED, Reifenberg K, Jellusova J, Schweizer A, Nitschke L, Leich E, Rosenwald A, Brunner C, Engelmann S, Bommhardt U, Avots A, Müller MR, Kondo E, Serfling E. NFATc1 affects mouse splenic B cell function by controlling the calcineurin--NFAT signaling network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:823-39. [PMID: 21464221 PMCID: PMC3135343 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mouse B cells lacking NFATc1 exhibit defective proliferation, survival, isotype class switching, cytokine production, and T cell help. By studying mice in which the Nfatc1 gene was inactivated in bone marrow, spleen, or germinal center B cells, we show that NFATc1 supports the proliferation and suppresses the activation-induced cell death of splenic B cells upon B cell receptor (BCR) stimulation. BCR triggering leads to expression of NFATc1/αA, a short isoform of NFATc1, in splenic B cells. NFATc1 ablation impaired Ig class switch to IgG3 induced by T cell–independent type II antigens, as well as IgG3+ plasmablast formation. Mice bearing NFATc1−/− B cells harbor twofold more interleukin 10–producing B cells. NFATc1−/− B cells suppress the synthesis of interferon-γ by T cells in vitro, and these mice exhibit a mild clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In large part, the defective functions of NFATc1−/− B cells are caused by decreased BCR-induced Ca2+ flux and calcineurin (Cn) activation. By affecting CD22, Rcan1, CnA, and NFATc1/αA expression, NFATc1 controls the Ca2+-dependent Cn–NFAT signaling network and, thereby, the fate of splenic B cells upon BCR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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