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Mohamed AA, Caussat T, Kelly S, Johansen PM, Lucke-Wold B. Choroid plexus tumors: A spectrum from benign to malignant. TUMOR DISCOVERY 2023; 2:1057. [PMID: 37799733 PMCID: PMC10552314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are believed to originate from outgrowths of the choroid plexus. Despite their broad spectrum of symptoms, invasive nature, and prognosis, most CPTs typically exhibit similar presentations due to their relationship with the cerebral ventricles, as well as the mechanical obstruction and mass effect associated with their growth. In addition, these tumors mainly affect the pediatric population, further complicating the differentiation between benign and malignant subtypes. The World Health Organization classifies CPTs into three grades, namely, grades I, II, or III, based on their mitotic activity, which determine the benign or malignant nature of the tumors. CPTs classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) include choroid plexus papillomas (CPP), atypical CPPs (aCPP), and malignant choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC). Choroid plexus adenomas represent an additional category of benign CPTs not officially classified by the WHO. Despite the variations in histology, immunohistochemistry, imaging, treatment, and prognosis, CPTs cannot be reliably distinguished based solely on clinical presentation. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of each tumor subtype, along with the current management approach and emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Mohamed
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Caussat
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Sophie Kelly
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Phillip M. Johansen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Dang H, Khan AB, Gadgil N, Sharma H, Trandafir C, Malbari F, Weiner HL. Behavioral Improvements following Lesion Resection for Pediatric Epilepsy: Pediatric Psychosurgery? Pediatr Neurosurg 2023; 58:80-88. [PMID: 36787706 PMCID: PMC10233708 DOI: 10.1159/000529683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resection of brain lesions associated with refractory epilepsy to achieve seizure control is well accepted. However, concurrent behavioral effects of these lesions such as changes in mood, personality, and cognition and the effects of surgery on behavior have not been well characterized. We describe 5 such children with epileptogenic lesions and significant behavioral abnormalities which improved after surgery. CASE DESCRIPTIONS Five children (ages 3-14 years) with major behavioral abnormalities and lesional epilepsy were identified and treated at our center. Behavioral problems included academic impairment, impulsivity, self-injurious behavior, and decreased social interaction with diagnoses of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and autism. Pre-operative neuropsychiatric testing was performed in 4/5 patients and revealed low-average cognitive and intellectual abilities for their age, attentional difficulties, and poor memory. Lesions were located in the temporal (2 gangliogliomas, 1 JPA, 1 cavernoma) and parietal (1 DNET) lobes. Gross total resection was achieved in all cases. At mean 1-year follow-up, seizure freedom (Engel 1a in 3 patients, Engel 1c in 2 patients) and significant behavioral improvements (academic performance, attention, socialization, and aggression) were achieved in all. Two patients manifested violence pre-operatively; one had extreme behavior with violence toward teachers and peers despite low seizure burden. Since surgery, his behavior has normalized. CONCLUSION We identified 5 patients with severe behavioral disorders in the setting of lesional epilepsy, all of whom demonstrated improvement after surgery. The degree of behavioral abnormality was disproportionate to epilepsy severity, suggesting a more complicated mechanism by which lesional epilepsy impacts behavior. We propose a novel paradigm in which lesionectomy may offer behavioral benefit even when seizures are not refractory. Thus, behavioral improvement may be an important novel goal for neurosurgical resection in children with epileptic brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,
| | - Abdul Basit Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nisha Gadgil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristina Trandafir
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fatema Malbari
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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3
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Estevez-Ordonez D, Gary SE, Atchley TJ, Maleknia PD, George JA, Laskay NMB, Gross EG, Devulapalli RK, Johnston JM. Immunotherapy for Pediatric Brain and Spine Tumors: Current State and Future Directions. Pediatr Neurosurg 2022; 58:313-336. [PMID: 36549282 PMCID: PMC10233708 DOI: 10.1159/000528792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Incidence in the USA has been on the rise for the last 2 decades. While therapeutic advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved survival and quality of life in many children, prognosis remains poor and current treatments have significant long-term sequelae. SUMMARY There is a substantial need for the development of new therapeutic approaches, and since the introduction of immunotherapy by immune checkpoint inhibitors, there has been an exponential increase in clinical trials to adopt these and other immunotherapy approaches in children with brain tumors. In this review, we summarize the current immunotherapy landscape for various pediatric brain tumor types including choroid plexus tumors, embryonal tumors (medulloblastoma, AT/RT, PNETs), ependymoma, germ cell tumors, gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors, and mesenchymal tumors. We discuss the latest clinical trials and noteworthy preclinical studies to treat these pediatric brain tumors using checkpoint inhibitors, cellular therapies (CAR-T, NK, T cell), oncolytic virotherapy, radioimmunotherapy, tumor vaccines, immunomodulators, and other targeted therapies. KEY MESSAGES The current landscape for immunotherapy in pediatric brain tumors is still emerging, but results in certain tumors have been promising. In the age of targeted therapy, genetic tumor profiling, and many ongoing clinical trials, immunotherapy will likely become an increasingly effective tool in the neuro-oncologist armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagoberto Estevez-Ordonez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA,
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA,
| | - Sam E Gary
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Travis J Atchley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Pedram D Maleknia
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jordan A George
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nicholas M B Laskay
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Evan G Gross
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rishi K Devulapalli
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James M Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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4
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Moquin-Beaudry G, Benabdallah B, Maggiorani D, Le O, Li Y, Colas C, Raggi C, Ellezam B, M'Callum MA, Dal Soglio D, Guimond JV, Paganelli M, Haddad E, Beauséjour C. Autologous humanized mouse models of iPSC-derived tumors enable characterization and modulation of cancer-immune cell interactions. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100153. [PMID: 35474871 PMCID: PMC9017190 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Modeling the tumor-immune cell interactions in humanized mice is complex and limits drug development. Here, we generated easily accessible tumor models by transforming either primary skin fibroblasts or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell lines injected in immune-deficient mice reconstituted with human autologous immune cells. Our results showed that fibroblastic, hepatic, or neural tumors were all efficiently infiltrated and partially or totally rejected by autologous immune cells in humanized mice. Characterization of tumor-immune infiltrates revealed high expression levels of the dysfunction markers Tim3 and PD-1 in T cells and an enrichment in regulatory T cells, suggesting rapid establishment of immunomodulatory phenotypes. Inhibition of PD-1 by Nivolumab in humanized mice resulted in increased immune cell infiltration and a slight decrease in tumor growth. We expect that these versatile and accessible cancer models will facilitate preclinical studies and the evaluation of autologous cancer immunotherapies across a range of different tumor cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Moquin-Beaudry
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Basma Benabdallah
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Damien Maggiorani
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Oanh Le
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Yuanyi Li
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Chloé Colas
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Infectiologie, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Raggi
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Département de Neurosciences, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pathologie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Agnès M'Callum
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dorothée Dal Soglio
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pathologie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean V. Guimond
- CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Paganelli
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Pediatric Liver Transplantation Program at CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Infectiologie, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Beauséjour
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Montréal, QC, Canada
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5
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Stifter K, Dekhtiarenko I, Krieger J, Tissot AC, Seufferlein T, Wagner M, Schirmbeck R. A tumor-specific neoepitope expressed in homologous/self or heterologous/viral antigens induced comparable effector CD8 + T-cell responses by DNA vaccination. Vaccine 2020; 38:3711-3719. [PMID: 32278524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in tumors often generate neoproteins that contain MHC-I-binding neoepitopes. Little is known if and how efficient tumor-specific neoantigens activate CD8+ T cells. Here, we asked whether a de novo generated neoepitope, encoded either within an otherwise conserved and ubiquitously expressed self-antigen or in a chimeric HBV core antigen expression platform, providing heterologous helper functions, induces CD8+ T cells in C57Bl/6J mice by DNA immunization. For it, we chose an established Db/Sp244-252/R251H neoepitope generated in the murine Endophilin-B2/SH3GLB2 (EndoB2-Sp) protein by a single amino acid exchange. We showed that a single injection of EndoB2-Sp expression vectors efficiently primed dimer/pentamer+, IFN-γ+ and cytolytic Db/Sp244-252/R251H-specific effector CD8+ T cells in C57Bl/6J mice. Priming of Db/Sp244-252/R251H-specific CD8+ T cells proceeded independent from CD4+ T-cell help in MHC-II-deficient Aα-/- mice. As compared to the homologous EndoB2-Sp vaccine, the selective expression of the Db/Sp244-252/R251H neoepitope in chimeric particle-forming and assembly-deficient HBV core antigens induced comparable frequencies Db/Sp244-252/R251H-specific CD8+ T cells with the same cytolytic effector phenotype. The homologous EndoB2 carrier, but not the nine-residue neoepitope presented on chimeric HBV core particles, induced EndoB2-specific IgG antibody responses. The HBV core expression platform is thus an attractive option to selectively induce neoepitope-specific effector CD8+ T cells by DNA vaccination. These novel findings have practical implications for the design of heterologous/self and heterologous/viral cancer vaccines that prime and/or activate neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Stifter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Iryna Dekhtiarenko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jana Krieger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alain Charles Tissot
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schirmbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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6
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7
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Moquin-Beaudry G, Colas C, Li Y, Bazin R, Guimond JV, Haddad E, Beauséjour C. The Tumor-Immune Response Is Not Compromised by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Humanized Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2735-2745. [PMID: 31578272 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic uses of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged over the past decade. Yet, their effect on tumor growth remains highly debated, particularly in an immune competent environment. In this study, we wanted to investigate the impact of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) on tumor growth in humanized mice generated by the human adoptive transfer of PBMCs or the cotransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and human thymic tissue (human BLT [Hu-BLT]). Our results showed that the growth and immune rejection of engineered human fibroblastic tumors was not altered by the injection of hUC-MSCs in immune-deficient or humanized mice, respectively. This was observed whether tumor cells were injected s.c. or i.v. and independently of the injection route of the hUC-MSCs. Moreover, only in Hu-BLT mice did hUC-MSCs have some effects on the tumor-immune infiltrate, yet without altering tumor growth. These results demonstrate that hUC-MSCs do not promote fibroblastic tumor growth and neither do they prevent tumor infiltration and rejection by immune cells in humanized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Moquin-Beaudry
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chloé Colas
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Yuanyi Li
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Renée Bazin
- Direction de l'Innovation, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Héma-Québec, Quebec G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Jean V Guimond
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux, Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.,Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; and.,Département de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christian Beauséjour
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; .,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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8
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Ward-Kavanagh LK, Kokolus KM, Cooper TK, Lukacher AE, Schell TD. Combined sublethal irradiation and agonist anti-CD40 enhance donor T cell accumulation and control of autochthonous murine pancreatic tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:639-652. [PMID: 29332158 PMCID: PMC5862761 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-reactive T lymphocytes can promote the regression of established tumors. However, their efficacy is often limited by immunosuppressive mechanisms that block T cell accumulation or function. ACT provides the opportunity to ameliorate immune suppression prior to transfer of tumor-reactive T cells to improve the therapeutic benefit. We evaluated the combination of lymphodepleting whole body irradiation (WBI) and agonist anti-CD40 (αCD40) antibody on control of established autochthonous murine neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors following the transfer of naïve tumor-specific CD8 T cells. Sublethal WBI had little impact on disease outcome but did promote T cell persistence in the lymphoid organs. Host conditioning with αCD40, an approach known to enhance APC function and T cell expansion, transiently increased donor T cell accumulation in the lymphoid organs and pancreas, but failed to control tumor progression. In contrast, combined WBI and αCD40 prolonged T cell proliferation and dramatically enhanced accumulation of donor T cells in both the lymphoid organs and pancreas. This dual conditioning approach also promoted high levels of inflammation in the pancreas and tumor, induced histological regression of established tumors, and extended the lifespan of treated mice. Prolonged survival was entirely dependent upon adoptive transfer, but only partially dependent upon IFNγ production by donor T cells. Our results identify the novel combination of two clinically relevant host conditioning approaches that synergize to overcome immune suppression and drive strong tumor-specific T cell accumulation within well-established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen M. Kokolus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Timothy K. Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA,Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Aron E. Lukacher
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA,Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Todd. D. Schell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
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9
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Memarnejadian A, Meilleur CE, Shaler CR, Khazaie K, Bennink JR, Schell TD, Haeryfar SMM. PD-1 Blockade Promotes Epitope Spreading in Anticancer CD8 + T Cell Responses by Preventing Fratricidal Death of Subdominant Clones To Relieve Immunodomination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3348-3359. [PMID: 28939757 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands hamper tumor-specific CD8+ T cell (TCD8) responses, and PD-1-based "checkpoint inhibitors" have shown promise in certain cancers, thus revitalizing interest in immunotherapy. PD-1-targeted therapies reverse TCD8 exhaustion/anergy. However, whether they alter the epitope breadth of TCD8 responses remains unclear. This is an important question because subdominant TCD8 are more likely than immunodominant clones to escape tolerance mechanisms and may contribute to protective anticancer immunity. We have addressed this question in an in vivo model of TCD8 responses to well-defined epitopes of a clinically relevant oncoprotein, large T Ag. We found that unlike other coinhibitory molecules (CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIM-3), PD-1 was highly expressed by subdominant TCD8, which correlated with their propensity to favorably respond to PD-1/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1)-blocking Abs. PD-1 blockade increased the size of subdominant TCD8 clones at the peak of their primary response, and it also sustained their presence, thus giving rise to an enlarged memory pool. The expanded population was fully functional as judged by IFN-γ production and MHC class I-restricted cytotoxicity. The selective increase in subdominant TCD8 clonal size was due to their enhanced survival, not proliferation. Further mechanistic studies utilizing peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding full-length T Ag or epitope mingenes, and tumor cells expressing T Ag variants revealed that anti-PD-1 invigorates subdominant TCD8 responses by relieving their lysis-dependent suppression by immunodominant TCD8 To our knowledge, our work constitutes the first report that interfering with PD-1 signaling potentiates epitope spreading in tumor-specific responses, a finding with clear implications for cancer immunotherapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Memarnejadian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Courtney E Meilleur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Christopher R Shaler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | | | - Jack R Bennink
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Todd D Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; .,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6G 5W9, Canada.,Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; and.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6C 2R5, Canada
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10
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Mikecz K, Glant TT, Markovics A, Rosenthal KS, Kurko J, Carambula RE, Cress S, Steiner HL, Zimmerman DH. An epitope-specific DerG-PG70 LEAPS vaccine modulates T cell responses and suppresses arthritis progression in two related murine models of rheumatoid arthritis. Vaccine 2017; 35:4048-4056. [PMID: 28583308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune joint disease maintained by aberrant immune responses involving CD4+ T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells. In this study, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of Ligand Epitope Antigen Presentation System (LEAPS™) vaccines in two Th1 cell-driven mouse models of RA, cartilage proteoglycan (PG)-induced arthritis (PGIA) and PG G1-domain-induced arthritis (GIA). The immunodominant PG peptide PG70 was attached to a DerG or J immune cell binding peptide, and the DerG-PG70 and J-PG70 LEAPS vaccines were administered to the mice after the onset of PGIA or GIA symptoms. As indicated by significant decreases in visual and histopathological scores of arthritis, the DerG-PG70 vaccine inhibited disease progression in both PGIA and GIA, while the J-PG70 vaccine was ineffective. Splenic CD4+ cells from DerG-PG70-treated mice were diminished in Th1 and Th17 populations but enriched in Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. In vitro spleen cell-secreted and serum cytokines from DerG-PG70-treated mice demonstrated a shift from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory/regulatory profile. DerG-PG70 peptide tetramers preferentially bound to CD4+ T-cells of GIA spleen cells. We conclude that the DerG-PG70 vaccine (now designated CEL-4000) exerts its therapeutic effect by interacting with CD4+ cells, which results in an antigen-specific down-modulation of pathogenic T-cell responses in both the PGIA and GIA models of RA. Future studies will need to determine the potential of LEAPS vaccination to provide disease suppression in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Mikecz
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 1735 W. Harrison St., Cohn Research Building, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Tibor T Glant
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 1735 W. Harrison St., Cohn Research Building, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Adrienn Markovics
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 1735 W. Harrison St., Cohn Research Building, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Kenneth S Rosenthal
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Medicine, 10530 Discovery Dr., Las Vegas, NV 89135, United States.
| | - Julia Kurko
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 1735 W. Harrison St., Cohn Research Building, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Roy E Carambula
- CEL-SCI Corporation, 8229 Boone Blvd., Suite 802, Vienna, VA 22182, United States.
| | - Steve Cress
- CEL-SCI Corporation, 8229 Boone Blvd., Suite 802, Vienna, VA 22182, United States.
| | - Harold L Steiner
- CEL-SCI Corporation, 8229 Boone Blvd., Suite 802, Vienna, VA 22182, United States.
| | - Daniel H Zimmerman
- CEL-SCI Corporation, 8229 Boone Blvd., Suite 802, Vienna, VA 22182, United States.
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11
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Cozza EM, Cooper TK, Budgeon LR, Christensen ND, Schell TD. Protection from tumor recurrence following adoptive immunotherapy varies with host conditioning regimen despite initial regression of autochthonous murine brain tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 64:325-36. [PMID: 25408469 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) has achieved clinical success in treating established cancer, particularly in combination with lymphodepleting regimens. Our group previously demonstrated that ACT following whole-body irradiation (WBI) promotes high-level T cell accumulation, regression of established brain tumors, and long-term protection from tumor recurrence in a mouse model of SV40 T antigen-induced choroid plexus tumors. Here we asked whether an approach that can promote strong donor T-cell responses in the absence of WBI might also produce this dramatic and durable tumor elimination following ACT. Agonist anti-CD40 antibody can enhance antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses and has shown clinical efficacy as a monotherapy in the setting of cancer. We show that anti-CD40 conditioning promotes rapid accumulation of tumor-specific donor CD8(+) T cells in the brain and regression of autochthonous T antigen-induced choroid plexus tumors, similar to WBI. Despite a significant increase in the lifespan, tumors eventually recurred in anti-CD40-conditioned mice coincident with loss of T-cell persistence from both the brain and lymphoid organs. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells from the peripheral lymphoid organs of WBI-conditioned recipients failed to promote tumor recurrence, but donor cells persisted in the brains long-term in CD8-depleted mice. These results demonstrate that anti-CD40 conditioning effectively enhances ACT-mediated acute elimination of autochthonous tumors, but suggest that mechanisms associated with WBI conditioning, such as the induction of long-lived T cells, may be critical for protection from tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Cozza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H107, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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12
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Ward-Kavanagh LK, Zhu J, Cooper TK, Schell TD. Whole-body irradiation increases the magnitude and persistence of adoptively transferred T cells associated with tumor regression in a mouse model of prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:777-88. [PMID: 24801834 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in a subset of clinical and preclinical studies, but the T cells used for therapy often are rendered rapidly nonfunctional in tumor-bearing hosts. Recent evidence indicates that prostate cancer can be susceptible to immunotherapy, but most studies using autochthonous tumor models demonstrate only short-lived T-cell responses in the tolerogenic prostate microenvironment. Here, we assessed the efficacy of sublethal whole-body irradiation (WBI) to enhance the magnitude and duration of adoptively transferred CD8(+) T cells in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. We demonstrate that WBI promoted high-level accumulation of granzyme B (GzB, Gzmb)-expressing donor T cells both in lymphoid organs and in the prostate of TRAMP mice. Donor T cells remained responsive to vaccination in irradiated recipients, but a single round of WBI-enhanced adoptive immunotherapy failed to affect significantly the existing disease. Addition of a second round of immunotherapy promoted regression of established disease in half of the treated mice, with no progression observed. Regression was associated with long-term persistence of effector/memory phenotype CD8(+) donor cells. Administration of the second round of adoptive immunotherapy led to reacquisition of GzB expression by persistent T cells from the first transfer. These results indicate that WBI conditioning amplifies tumor-specific T cells in the TRAMP prostate and lymphoid tissue, and suggest that the initial treatment alters the tolerogenic microenvironment to increase antitumor activity by a second wave of donor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junjia Zhu
- Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Comparative Medicine, and Pathology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine; and
| | - Todd D Schell
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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13
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Immunomodulatory effects of hemagglutinin- (HA-) modified A20 B-cell lymphoma expanded as a brain tumor on adoptively transferred HA-Specific CD4+ T cells. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:165265. [PMID: 24693228 PMCID: PMC3947776 DOI: 10.1155/2014/165265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, the mouse A20 B-cell lymphoma engineered to express hemagglutinin (HA) antigen (A20HA) was used as a systemic tumor model. In this work, we used the A20HA cells as a brain tumor. HA-specific CD4(+) T cells were transferred intravenously in a tail vein 5 days after A20HA intracranial inoculation and analyzed on days 2, 9, and 16 after the adoptive transfer by different methods. The transferred cells demonstrated state of activation as early as day 2 after the adoptive transfer and most the of viable HA-specific cells became anergic on day 16. Additionally, symptoms of systemic immunosuppression were observed in mice with massive brain tumors at a late stage of the brain tumor progression (days 20-24 after the A20HA inoculation). Despite that, a deal of HA-specific CD4(+) T cells kept the functional activity even at the late stage of A20HA tumor growth. The activated HA-specific CD4(+) T cells were found also in the brain of brain-tumor-bearing mice. These cells were still responding to reactivation with HA-peptide in vitro. Our data support an idea about sufficient role of both the tumor-specific and -nonspecific mechanisms inducing immunosuppression in cancer patients.
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14
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Rytelewski M, Meilleur CE, Atef Yekta M, Szabo PA, Garg N, Schell TD, Jevnikar AM, Sharif S, Singh B, Haeryfar SMM. Suppression of immunodominant antitumor and antiviral CD8+ T cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90439. [PMID: 24587363 PMCID: PMC3938761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-degrading enzyme known to suppress antitumor CD8+ T cells (TCD8). The role of IDO in regulation of antiviral TCD8 responses is far less clear. In addition, whether IDO controls both immunodominant and subdominant TCD8 is not fully understood. This is an important question because the dominance status of tumor- and virus-specific TCD8 may determine their significance in protective immunity and in vaccine design. We evaluated the magnitude and breadth of cross-primed TCD8 responses to simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen as well as primary and recall TCD8 responses to influenza A virus (IAV) in the absence or presence of IDO. IDO−/− mice and wild-type mice treated with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan, a pharmacological inhibitor of IDO, exhibited augmented responses to immunodominant epitopes encoded by T antigen and IAV. IDO-mediated suppression of these responses was independent of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, which remained numerically and functionally intact in IDO−/− mice. Treatment with L-kynurenine failed to inhibit TCD8 responses, indicating that tryptophan metabolites are not responsible for the suppressive effect of IDO in our models. Immunodominant T antigen-specific TCD8 from IDO−/− mice showed increased Ki-67 expression, suggesting that they may have acquired a more vigorous proliferative capacity in vivo. In conclusion, IDO suppresses immunodominant TCD8 responses to tumor and viral antigens. Our work also demonstrates that systemic primary and recall TCD8 responses to IAV are controlled by IDO. Inhibition of IDO thus represents an attractive adjuvant strategy in boosting anticancer and antiviral TCD8 targeting highly immunogenic antigens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immunity, Innate
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/deficiency
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Kynurenine/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives
- Tryptophan/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Rytelewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney E. Meilleur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Atef Yekta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A. Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitan Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd D. Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. Jevnikar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhagirath Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. M. Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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15
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16
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Umeshappa CS, Nanjundappa RH, Xie Y, Freywald A, Xu Q, Xiang J. Differential requirements of CD4(+) T-cell signals for effector cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) priming and functional memory CTL development at higher CD8(+) T-cell precursor frequency. Immunology 2013; 138:298-306. [PMID: 23113741 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased CD8(+) T-cell precursor frequency (PF) precludes the requirement of CD4(+) helper T (Th) cells for primary CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. However, the key questions of whether unhelped CTLs generated at higher PF are functional effectors, and whether unhelped CTLs can differentiate into functional memory cells at higher PF are unclear. In this study, ovalbumin (OVA) -pulsed dendritic cells (DC(OVA)) derived from C57BL/6, CD40 knockout (CD40(-/-)) or CD40 ligand knockout (CD40L(-/-)) mice were used to immunize C57BL/6, Ia(b-/-), CD40(-/-) or CD40L(-/-) mice, whose PF was previously increased with transfer of 1 × 10(6) CD8(+) T cells derived from OVA-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic OTI, OTI(CD40(-/-)) or OTI(CD40L(-/-)) mice. All the immunized mice were then assessed for effector and memory CTL responses. Following DC immunization, relatively comparable CTL priming occurred without CD4(+) T-cell help and Th-provided CD40/CD40L signalling. In addition, the unhelped CTLs were functional effectors capable of inducing therapeutic immunity against established OVA-expressing tumours. In contrast, the functional memory development of CTLs was severely impaired in the absence of CD4(+) T-cell help and CD40/CD40L signalling. Finally, unhelped memory CTLs failed to protect mice against lethal tumour challenge. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CD4(+) T-cell help at higher PF, is not required for effector CTL priming, but is required for functional memory CTL development against cancer. Our data may impact the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches in cancer patients with compromised CD4(+) T-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channakeshava S Umeshappa
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Yorty JL. Short-term corticosterone treatment decreases the early CD8+ T cell response to simian virus 40 tumor antigen but has no impact on the late CD8+ T cell response. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 28:139-48. [PMID: 23164951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells (T(CD8)) help control tumor growth in vivo through recognition of distinct tumor antigens and cytolysis of tumor cells. The T(CD8) immune response in C57BL/6 mice to the Simian Virus 40 oncoprotein, large tumor antigen (Tag), targets multiple epitopes and is well-characterized. Epitope IV, an H-2K(b)-restricted epitope, is immunodominant while epitope I, an H-2D(b)-restricted epitope is subdominant. GCs alter many aspects of T cell function. Indeed, the current studies demonstrate that exposure of mice to the immunosuppressive GC, corticosterone (CORT), over the entire course of the primary immune response limits activation of endogenous Tag-specific T(CD8). Even short-term CORT treatment from day -1 to day +2 post-immunization significantly reduced splenic size and the absolute number of Tag-specific T(CD8) on day 6 post-immunization. In vivo killing activity was also reduced. However, by day 10 post-immunization, the peak of the immune response, the absolute number of Tag-specific T(CD8) and their in vivo killing of epitope I or epitope IV-expressing target cells had recovered in CORT treated mice. Adoptive transfer of transgenic T cells post-CORT removal demonstrated that CORT decreased the ability of the endogenous antigen-presenting cells to induce proliferation of the exogenous transgenic T cells. Combined, these studies have implications about the timing of clinical steroid treatment relative to immunization or adoptive transfer for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L Yorty
- Department of Biology, Elizabethtown College, One Alpha Drive, Elizabethtown, PA 17022, United States.
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18
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Abstract
Brain tumor immunotherapy is often interpreted in terms of immune privilege and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but a broader view is warranted. The delicate regulatory balance of the immune system is relevant at any site, as are the heterogeneity and plasticity of tumor growth. Criteria for tumor antigens, and often the antigens themselves, cut across tumor types. Here, this broader view, complemented by current understanding of privilege and the BBB, provides the context for review. Future success is likely to exploit simplified methods, used in combination; and similarities - more than differences - between the brain and other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois A Lampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Delbue S, Comar M, Ferrante P. Review on the relationship between human polyomaviruses-associated tumors and host immune system. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:542092. [PMID: 22489251 PMCID: PMC3318214 DOI: 10.1155/2012/542092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The polyomaviruses are small DNA viruses that can establish latency in the human host. The name polyomavirus is derived from the Greek roots poly-, which means "many," and -oma, which means "tumours." These viruses were originally isolated in mouse (mPyV) and in monkey (SV40). In 1971, the first human polyomaviruses BK and JC were isolated and subsequently demonstrated to be ubiquitous in the human population. To date, at least nine members of the Polyomaviridae family have been identified, some of them playing an etiological role in malignancies in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we describe the biology of human polyomaviruses, their nonmalignant and malignant potentials ability, and their relationship with the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Delbue
- Laboratory of Transkìlational Research, Health Science Foundation Ettore Sansavini, Corso Garibaldi, 11-48022 Lugo, Italy.
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20
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Maleki Vareki S, Harding M, Waithman J, Zanker D, Shivji A, Rytelewski M, Mazzuca D, Yekta M, Chen W, Schell T, Haeryfar S. Differential regulation of simultaneous antitumor and alloreactive CD8(+) T-cell responses in the same host by rapamycin. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:233-9. [PMID: 22026814 PMCID: PMC3520512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive agent routinely used in organ transplantation but also paradoxically exerts antiviral and antitumor activities. Pathogen-specific memory CD8(+) T-cell (T(CD8) ) responses were recently found to be augmented by rapamycin. However, whether rapamycin influences the magnitude and quality of anticancer T(CD8) responses is unknown. Importantly, how rapamycin may regulate simultaneous virus/tumor-specific and alloreactive T(CD8) in the same host remains unexplored. To answer these questions, we primed wild-type mice with allogeneic cells concomitantly expressing simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (T Ag), a viral oncoprotein with well-defined epitopes. Rapamycin selectively enhanced the cross-priming of T(CD8) specific for T Ag's most immunodominant epitope called site IV but not T(CD8) alloreactivity. Rapamycin-treated mice also had a high percentage of splenic CD127(high) KLRG1(low) T(CD8) and an increased frequency of site IV-specific T cells long after the peak of their primary response. When site IV was presented as a cytosolic minigene encoded by a recombinant vaccinia virus, rapamycin failed to boost the site IV-specific response. Therefore, the nature and presentation mode of antigen determine the susceptibility to the adjuvant effect of rapamycin. Our findings reveal the unexpected benefit of rapamycin treatment in recipients of allografts co-expressing tumor/viral Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Maleki Vareki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - M.J. Harding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - J. Waithman
- T Cell Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - D. Zanker
- T Cell Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - A.N. Shivji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - M. Rytelewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - D.M. Mazzuca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - M.A. Yekta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - W. Chen
- T Cell Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - T.D. Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - S.M.M. Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada,Centre for Human Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding author: S.M. Mansour Haeryfar, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada. Phone: (519) 850-2488; Fax: (519) 661-3499;
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21
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Campbell C, Zhang R, Haley JS, Liu X, Loughran T, Schell TD, Albert R, Thakar J. Why Do CD8+ T Cells become Indifferent to Tumors: A Dynamic Modeling Approach. Front Physiol 2011; 2:32. [PMID: 21808621 PMCID: PMC3135868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells have the potential to influence the outcome of cancer pathogenesis, including complete tumor eradication or selection of malignant tumor escape variants. The Simian virus 40 large T-antigen (Tag) oncoprotein promotes tumor formation in Tag-transgenic mice and also provides multiple target determinants (sites) for responding CD8+ T cells in C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice. To understand the in vivo quantitative dynamics of CD8+ T cells after encountering Tag, we constructed a dynamic model from in vivo-generated data to simulate the interactions between Tag-expressing cells and CD8+ T cells in distinct scenarios including immunization of wild-type C57BL/6 mice and of Tag-transgenic mice that develop various tumors. In these scenarios the model successfully reproduces the dynamics of both the Tag-expressing cells and antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The model predicts that the tolerance of the site-specific T cells is dependent on their apoptosis rates and that the net growth of CD8+ T cells is altered in transgenic mice. We experimentally validate both predictions. Our results indicate that site-specific CD8+ T cells have tissue-specific apoptosis rates affecting their tolerance to the tumor antigen. Moreover, the model highlights differences in apoptosis rates that contribute to compromised CD8+ T cell responses and tumor progression, knowledge of which is essential for development of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Campbell
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jeremy S. Haley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Loughran
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd D. Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Réka Albert
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
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22
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Haque A, Best SE, Unosson K, Amante FH, de Labastida F, Anstey NM, Karupiah G, Smyth MJ, Heath WR, Engwerda CR. Granzyme B Expression by CD8+T Cells Is Required for the Development of Experimental Cerebral Malaria. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6148-56. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Tatum AM, Watson AM, Schell TD. Direct presentation regulates the magnitude of the CD8+ T cell response to cell-associated antigen through prolonged T cell proliferation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:2763-72. [PMID: 20660711 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude and complexity of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell responses is determined by intrinsic properties of the immune system and extrinsic factors, such as vaccination. We evaluated mechanisms that regulate the CD8(+) T cell response to two distinct determinants derived from the same protein Ag, SV40 T Ag (T Ag), following immunization of C57BL/6 mice with T Ag-transformed cells. The results show that direct presentation of T cell determinants by T Ag-transformed cells regulates the magnitude of the CD8(+) T cell response in vivo but not the immunodominance hierarchy. The immunodominance hierarchy was reversed in a dose-dependent manner by addition of excess naive T cells targeting the subdominant determinant. However, T cell competition played only a minor role in limiting T cell accumulation under physiological conditions. We found that the magnitude of the T cell response was regulated by the ability of T Ag-transformed cells to directly present the T Ag determinants. The hierarchy of the CD8(+) T cell response was maintained when Ag presentation in vivo was restricted to cross-presentation, but the presence of T Ag-transformed cells capable of direct presentation dramatically enhanced T cell accumulation at the peak of the response. This enhancement was due to a prolonged period of T cell proliferation, resulting in a delay in T cell contraction. Our findings reveal that direct presentation by nonprofessional APCs can dramatically enhance accumulation of CD8(+) T cells during the primary response, revealing a potential strategy to enhance vaccination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Tatum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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24
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Buschow C, Charo J, Anders K, Loddenkemper C, Jukica A, Alsamah W, Perez C, Willimsky G, Blankenstein T. In vivo imaging of an inducible oncogenic tumor antigen visualizes tumor progression and predicts CTL tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:2930-8. [PMID: 20142365 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing oncogene/tumor Ag expression by noninvasive imaging is of great interest for understanding processes of tumor development and therapy. We established transgenic (Tg) mice conditionally expressing a fusion protein of the SV40 large T Ag and luciferase (TagLuc) that allows monitoring of oncogene/tumor Ag expression by bioluminescent imaging upon Cre recombinase-mediated activation. Independent of Cre-mediated recombination, the TagLuc gene was expressed at low levels in different tissues, probably due to the leakiness of the stop cassette. The level of spontaneous TagLuc expression, detected by bioluminescent imaging, varied between the different Tg lines, depended on the nature of the Tg expression cassette, and correlated with Tag-specific CTL tolerance. Following liver-specific Cre-loxP site-mediated excision of the stop cassette that separated the promoter from the TagLuc fusion gene, hepatocellular carcinoma development was visualized. The ubiquitous low level TagLuc expression caused the failure of transferred effector T cells to reject Tag-expressing tumors rather than causing graft-versus-host disease. This model may be useful to study different levels of tolerance, monitor tumor development at an early stage, and rapidly visualize the efficacy of therapeutic intervention versus potential side effects of low-level Ag expression in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Buschow
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Ramqvist T, Dalianis T. Murine polyomavirus tumour specific transplantation antigens and viral persistence in relation to the immune response, and tumour development. Semin Cancer Biol 2009; 19:236-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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