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Baldini C, Fulvio G, La Rocca G, Ferro F. Update on the pathophysiology and treatment of primary Sjögren syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:473-491. [PMID: 38982205 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome or Sjögren disease is a chronic form of autoimmune epithelitis characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to progressive glandular dysfunction and subsequent xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Other common manifestations include pain and fatigue, various systemic manifestations and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sjögren syndrome is therefore a complex and disabling disease associated with a reduced quality of life and with considerable long-term damage. Most of the available treatments are merely symptomatic with limited efficacy in both preventing glandular damage and suppressing systemic disease activity. In the past 10 years, great progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of Sjögren syndrome, opening new avenues towards a more targeted and individualized therapeutic approach to the disease. Indeed, several randomized controlled trials have just been completed or are poised to commence evaluating the effectiveness of novel drugs targeting both innate and adaptive immune pathways, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, the type I interferon system, B cell activation, B cell and T cell co-stimulation pathway, and ectopic germinal centre formation. Novel clinical trials are also ongoing exploring various targeted approaches (that is, IgG recycling inhibition, nuclease therapy and CAR-T cell therapy) for Sjögren syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baldini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Fulvio
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Rocca
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferro
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Deng Y, Song L, Huang J, Zhou W, Liu Y, Lu X, Zhao H, Liu D. Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorates experimental colitis by regulating memory B cells metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110969. [PMID: 38522565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that the reduced Memory B cells (MBCs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), rendering them a potential therapeutic target for UC intervention. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a primary active constituent derived from the classic traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus (AM), has been used for centuries in the treatment of UC in both human and animal subjects due to its renowned immunomodulatory properties. However, it is unknown whether APS can regulate MBCs to alleviate experimental colitis. In the present investigation, the murine colitis was successfully induced using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and subsequently treated with APS for a duration of 7 days. APS exhibited significant efficacy in reducing the disease activity index (DAI), colonic weight index, the index of colonic weight/colonic length. Furthermore, APS mitigated colonic pathological injuries, restored the colonic length, elevated the immunoglobulin A (IgA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin (IL)-10 levels, while concurrently suppressing IgG, IgM, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Crucially, the quantities of MBCs, IgA+MBCs and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+) MBCs were notably increased along with a concurrent decrease in IgG1+MBCs, IG2a+MBCs, IgG2b+MBCs after APS administration in colitis mice. Additionally, the Mitotracker red expressions of MBCs and their subgroups demonstrated a significantly up-regulation. Meanwhile, the transcriptomics analysis identified mitochondrial metabolism as the predominant and pivotal mechanism underlying APS-mediated mitigation of DSS-induced colitis. Key differentially expressed genes, including B-cell linker (BLNK), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), paired box gene 5 (PAX5), purinergic 2 × 7 receptor (P2X7R), B Cell activation factor (BAFF), B Cell activation factor receptor (BAFFR), CD40, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IL-6 and so on were implicated in this process. These mRNA expressions were validated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. These findings revealed that APS effectively restored MBCs and their balance to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis, which was potentially realized via promoting mitochondrial metabolism to maintain MBCs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Deng
- Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lizhao Song
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Lu
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Haimei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; School of Nursing, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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3
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Wojciechowicz K, Spodzieja M, Wardowska A. The BTLA-HVEM complex - The future of cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116231. [PMID: 38387336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The BTLA-HVEM complex plays a pivotal role in cancer and cancer immunotherapy by regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of BTLA and HVEM expression contributes to immunosuppression and tumor progression across various cancer types. Targeting the interaction between BTLA and HVEM holds promise for enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Disruption of this complex presents a valuable avenue for advancing cancer immunotherapy strategies. Aberrant expression of BTLA and HVEM adversely affects immune cell function, particularly T cells, exacerbating tumor evasion mechanisms. Understanding and modulating the BTLA-HVEM axis represents a crucial aspect of designing effective immunotherapeutic interventions against cancer. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the structure and function of BTLA and HVEM, along with their interaction with each other and various immune partners. Moreover, the expression of soluble and transmembrane forms of BTLA and HVEM in different types of cancer and their impact on the prognosis of patients is also discussed. Additionally, inhibitors of the proteins binding that might be used to block BTLA-HVEM interaction are reviewed. All the presented data highlight the plausible clinical application of BTLA-HVEM targeted therapies in cancer and autoimmune disease management. However, further studies are required to confirm the practical use of this concept. Despite the increasing number of reports on the BTLA-HVEM complex, many aspects of its biology and function still need to be elucidated. This review can be regarded as an encouragement and a guide to follow the path of BTLA-HVEM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojciechowicz
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
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4
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Zhou Y, Qin X, Hu Q, Qin S, Xu R, Gu K, Lu H. Cross-talk between disulfidptosis and immune check point genes defines the tumor microenvironment for the prediction of prognosis and immunotherapies in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3901. [PMID: 38365809 PMCID: PMC10873294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Disulfidptosis is a condition where dysregulated NAPDH levels and abnormal accumulation of cystine and other disulfides occur in cells with high SLC7A11 expression under glucose deficiency. This disrupts normal formation of disulfide bonds among cytoskeletal proteins, leading to histone skeleton collapse and triggering cellular apoptosis. However, the correlation between disulfidptosis and immune responses in relation to glioblastoma survival rates and immunotherapy sensitivity remains understudied. Therefore, we utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas to identify disulfidptosis-related immune checkpoint genes and established an overall survival (OS) prediction model comprising six genes: CD276, TNFRSF 14, TNFSF14, TNFSF4, CD40, and TNFRSF18, which could also be used for predicting immunotherapy sensitivity. We identified a cohort of glioblastoma patients classified as high-risk, which exhibited an upregulation of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) enriched with tumor associated macrophages, tumor associated neutrophils, CD8 + T-cell exhaustion. Immunohistochemical staining of CD276 in 144 cases further validated its negative correlation with OS in glioma. Disulfidptosis has the potential to induce chronic inflammation and an immunosuppressive TME in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qunchao Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China, Shanghai
| | - Shaolei Qin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214125, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Andrzejczak A, Karabon L. BTLA biology in cancer: from bench discoveries to clinical potentials. Biomark Res 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38233898 PMCID: PMC10795259 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints play a critical role in maintaining the delicate balance of immune activation in order to prevent potential harm caused by excessive activation, autoimmunity, or tissue damage. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is one of crucial checkpoint, regulating stimulatory and inhibitory signals in immune responses. Its interaction with the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) plays an essential role in negatively regulating immune responses, thereby preserving immune homeostasis. In cancer, abnormal cells evade immune surveillance by exploiting checkpoints like BTLA. Upregulated BTLA expression is linked to impaired anti-tumor immunity and unfavorable disease outcomes. In preclinical studies, BTLA-targeted therapies have shown improved treatment outcomes and enhanced antitumor immunity. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of BTLA's biology, its role in various cancers, and its potential as a prognostic factor. Additionally, it explores the latest research on BTLA blockade in cancer immunotherapy, offering hope for more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejczak
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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6
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Yin H, Wang J, Tan Y, Jiang M, Zhang H, Meng G. Transcription factor abnormalities in B-ALL leukemogenesis and treatment. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:855-870. [PMID: 37407363 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological regulation of transcription factors (TFs) and repressor proteins is an important mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis. In B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) TF abnormalities occur at high frequency and are often recognized as the major driving factor in carcinogenesis. We provide an in-depth review of molecular mechanisms of six major TF rearrangements in B-ALL, including DUX4-rearranged (DUX4-R), MEF2D-R, ZNF384-R, ETV6-RUNX1 and TCF3-PBX1 fusions, and KMT2A-R. In addition, the therapeutic options and prognoses for patients who harbor these TF abnormalities are discussed. This review aims to provide an up-to-date panoramic view of how TF-based oncogenic fusions might drive carcinogenesis and impact on potential therapeutic exploration of B-ALL treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junfei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yangxia Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Minghao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.
| | - Guoyu Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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7
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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Granda-Díaz R, Martínez-Pérez A, Aguilar-García C, Rodrigo JP, García-Pedrero JM, Gonzalez S. Beyond the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 era: promising role of the BTLA/HVEM axis as a future target for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:142. [PMID: 37649037 PMCID: PMC10466776 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints to harness antitumor immunity has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape. The therapeutic success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapies mainly relies on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. However, the limited overall responses and lack of reliable predictive biomarkers of patient´s response are major pitfalls limiting immunotherapy success. Hence, this reflects the compelling need of unveiling novel targets for immunotherapy that allow to expand the spectrum of ICB-based strategies to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy and benefit for cancer patients. This review thoroughly dissects current molecular and functional knowledge of BTLA/HVEM axis and the future perspectives to become a target for cancer immunotherapy. BTLA/HVEM dysregulation is commonly found and linked to poor prognosis in solid and hematological malignancies. Moreover, circulating BTLA has been revealed as a blood-based predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response in various cancers. On this basis, BTLA/HVEM axis emerges as a novel promising target for cancer immunotherapy. This prompted rapid development and clinical testing of the anti-BTLA blocking antibody Tifcemalimab/icatolimab as the first BTLA-targeted therapy in various ongoing phase I clinical trials with encouraging results on preliminary efficacy and safety profile as monotherapy and combined with other anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the intricate signaling network constituted by BTLA/HVEM/CD160/LIGHT involved in immune response regulation, tumor development and tumor microenvironment could limit therapeutic success. Therefore, in-depth functional characterization in different cancer settings is highly recommended for adequate design and implementation of BTLA-targeted therapies to guarantee the best clinical outcomes to benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Candelaria Aguilar-García
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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Cheung TC, Atwell S, Bafetti L, Cuenca PD, Froning K, Hendle J, Hickey M, Ho C, Huang J, Lieu R, Lim S, Lippner D, Obungu V, Ward-Kavanagh L, Weichert K, Ware CF, Vendel AC. Epitope topography of agonist antibodies to the checkpoint inhibitory receptor BTLA. Structure 2023; 31:958-967.e3. [PMID: 37279757 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an attractive target for a new class of therapeutics that attempt to rebalance the immune system by agonizing checkpoint inhibitory receptors (CIRs). Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) binds BTLA in both trans- and cis-orientations. We report here the development and structural characterization of three humanized BTLA agonist antibodies, 22B3, 25F7, and 23C8. We determined the crystal structures of the antibody-BTLA complexes, showing that these antibodies bind distinct and non-overlapping epitopes of BTLA. While all three antibodies activate BTLA, 22B3 mimics HVEM binding to BTLA and shows the strongest agonistic activity in functional cell assays and in an imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis. 22B3 is also capable of modulating HVEM signaling through the BTLA-HVEM cis-interaction. The data obtained from crystal structures, biochemical assays, and functional studies provide a mechanistic model of HVEM and BTLA organization on the cell surface and informed the discovery of a highly active BTLA agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Cheung
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shane Atwell
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Bafetti
- Immunology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paulina Delgado Cuenca
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karen Froning
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jorg Hendle
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael Hickey
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Carolyn Ho
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jiawen Huang
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ricky Lieu
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Stacie Lim
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Lippner
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Victor Obungu
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Lindsay Ward-Kavanagh
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth Weichert
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Andrew C Vendel
- Immunology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Shi P, Xu J, Cui H. The Recent Research Progress of NF-κB Signaling on the Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, Immune Escape and Drug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10337. [PMID: 37373484 PMCID: PMC10298967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and invasive primary central nervous system tumor in humans, accounting for approximately 45-50% of all primary brain tumors. How to conduct early diagnosis, targeted intervention, and prognostic evaluation of GBM, in order to improve the survival rate of glioblastoma patients, has always been an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of GBM is also needed. Like many other cancers, NF-κB signaling plays a crucial role in tumor growth and therapeutic resistance in GBM. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the high activity of NF-κB in GBM remains to be elucidated. This review aims to identify and summarize the NF-κB signaling involved in the recent pathogenesis of GBM, as well as basic therapy for GBM via NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Shi
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (P.S.); (J.X.)
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (P.S.); (J.X.)
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (P.S.); (J.X.)
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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10
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Rush-Kittle J, Gámez-Díaz L, Grimbacher B. Inborn errors of immunity associated with defects of self-tolerance checkpoints: The CD28 family. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13886. [PMID: 36564875 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the causes of inborn errors of immunity is immune dysregulation. The inability of the immune system to regulate the extent of its activity has several deleterious effects, including autoimmunity, recurrent infections, and malignancy. In recent years, many proteins in the CD28 family - CD28, ICOS, CTLA-4, PD-1, and BTLA - have come into the focus of several research areas for their consequential role in the upregulation or downregulation of the immune response. In this review, we will discuss the structure and function of these proteins, as well as provide an overview of the clinical picture of patients with genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrell Rush-Kittle
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Gámez-Díaz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Yu L, Sun M, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Wang Y. Harnessing the immune system by targeting immune checkpoints: Providing new hope for Oncotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982026. [PMID: 36159789 PMCID: PMC9498063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal of harnessing the host’s immune system to provide long-lasting remission and cures for various cancers, the advent of immunotherapy revolutionized the cancer therapy field. Among the current immunotherapeutic strategies, immune checkpoint blockades have greatly improved the overall survival rates in certain patient populations. Of note, CTLA4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are two major non-redundant immune checkpoints implicated in promoting cancer immune evasion, and ultimately lead to relapse. Antibodies or inhibitors targeting these two c+heckpoints have achieved some encouraging clinical outcomes. Further, beyond the canonical immune checkpoints, more inhibitory checkpoints have been identified. Herein, we will summarize recent progress in immune checkpoint blockade therapies, with a specific focus on key pre-clinical and clinical results of new immune checkpoint therapies for cancer. Given the crucial roles of immune checkpoint blockade in oncotherapy, drugs targeting checkpoint molecules expressed by both cancer and immune cells are in clinical trials, which will be comprehensively summarized in this review. Taken together, investigating combinatorial therapies targeting immune checkpoints expressed by cancer cells and immune cells will greatly improve immunotherapies that enhance host elimination of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghan Sun
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao Zhou, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao Zhou, ; Yi Wang,
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12
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Wojciechowicz K, Spodzieja M, Lisowska KA, Wardowska A. The role of the BTLA-HVEM complex in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Cell Immunol 2022; 376:104532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Szelinski F, Stefanski AL, Schrezenmeier E, Rincon-Arevalo H, Wiedemann A, Reiter K, Ritter J, Lettau M, Dang V, Fuchs S, Frei AP, Alexander T, Lino AC, Dörner T. Antigen-experienced CXCR5 - CD19 low B cells are plasmablast precursors expanded in SLE. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1556-1568. [PMID: 35507291 DOI: 10.1002/art.42157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Altered composition of the B cell compartment in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by expanded plasmablast (PB) and IgD- CD27- double negative (DN) B cell populations. Previous studies showed that DN B cells represent a heterogeneous subset and further characterization is needed. METHODS Therefore, we analyzed two independent cohorts of healthy donors and SLE patients using a combined approach of flow (HD: n=16; SLE: n=28,) and mass cytometry (HD: n=18; SLE: n=24) and targeted RNA sequencing. To study B cell subsets formation in acute immune response versus autoimmunity we investigated HDs at various time points upon vaccination with BNT162b2 or during acute COVID-19 infection using flow cytometry. RESULTS We have found that IgD- CD27+ switched and atypical IgD- CD27- memory B cells, which are increased in SLE, represent heterogeneous populations composed of three different subsets each. Populations of CXCR5+ CD19int , CXCR5- CD19high and CXCR5- CD19low are found in both compartments suggesting their relationship. We characterize a hitherto unknown and antigen-experienced CXCR5- CD19low subset enhanced in SLE carrying a PB phenotype with diminished B cell receptor responsiveness and expression of CD38, CD95, CD71, PRDM1, XBP-1, and IRF4. CXCR5- CD19low subsets are increased and correlate with PB frequencies in SLE and upon BNT162b2-vaccination of HD suggesting their interrelationship and contribution to plasmacytosis. The demonstration of CXCR5- CD19low B cells amongst both CD27+ and CD27- cells questions the role of CD27 as reliable marker for B cell differentiation. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CXCR5- CD19low B cells are precursors of plasmablasts, thus co-targeting this subset may have therapeutic value in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Szelinski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Luisa Stefanski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, Charité- University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hector Rincon-Arevalo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, Charité- University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Reiter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Ritter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Lettau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - VanDuc Dang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas P Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C Lino
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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15
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Immune Checkpoint Receptors Signaling in T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073529. [PMID: 35408889 PMCID: PMC8999077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the receptors negatively modulating lymphocyte function is rapidly advancing, driven by success in tumor immunotherapy. As a result, the number of immune checkpoint receptors characterized from a functional perspective and targeted by innovative drugs continues to expand. This review focuses on the less explored area of the signaling mechanisms of these receptors, of those expressed in T cells. Studies conducted mainly on PD-1, CTLA-4, and BTLA have evidenced that the extracellular parts of some of the receptors act as decoy receptors for activating ligands, but in all instances, the tyrosine phosphorylation of their cytoplasmatic tail drives a crucial inhibitory signal. This negative signal is mediated by a few key signal transducers, such as tyrosine phosphatase, inositol phosphatase, and diacylglycerol kinase, which allows them to counteract TCR-mediated activation. The characterization of these signaling pathways is of great interest in the development of therapies for counteracting tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte exhaustion/anergy independently from the receptors involved.
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16
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Stienne C, Virgen-Slane R, Elmén L, Veny M, Huang S, Nguyen J, Chappell E, Balmert MO, Shui JW, Hurchla MA, Kronenberg M, Peterson SN, Murphy KM, Ware CF, Šedý JR. Btla signaling in conventional and regulatory lymphocytes coordinately tempers humoral immunity in the intestinal mucosa. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110553. [PMID: 35320716 PMCID: PMC9032671 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Btla inhibitory receptor limits innate and adaptive immune responses, both preventing the development of autoimmune disease and restraining anti-viral and anti-tumor responses. It remains unclear how the functions of Btla in diverse lymphocytes contribute to immunoregulation. Here, we show that Btla inhibits activation of genes regulating metabolism and cytokine signaling, including Il6 and Hif1a, indicating a regulatory role in humoral immunity. Within mucosal Peyer's patches, we find T-cell-expressed Btla-regulated Tfh cells, while Btla in T or B cells regulates GC B cell numbers. Treg-expressed Btla is required for cell-intrinsic Treg homeostasis that subsequently controls GC B cells. Loss of Btla in lymphocytes results in increased IgA bound to intestinal bacteria, correlating with altered microbial homeostasis and elevations in commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Together our studies provide important insights into how Btla functions as a checkpoint in diverse conventional and regulatory lymphocyte subsets to influence systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Stienne
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Richard Virgen-Slane
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lisa Elmén
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marisol Veny
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sarah Huang
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Nguyen
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chappell
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mary Olivia Balmert
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michelle A Hurchla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Scott N Peterson
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - John R Šedý
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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17
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Sorrentino C, D'Antonio L, Fieni C, Ciummo SL, Di Carlo E. Colorectal Cancer-Associated Immune Exhaustion Involves T and B Lymphocytes and Conventional NK Cells and Correlates With a Shorter Overall Survival. Front Immunol 2022; 12:778329. [PMID: 34975867 PMCID: PMC8716410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide, with a growing impact on public health and clinical management. Immunotherapy has shown promise in the treatment of advanced cancers, but needs to be improved for CRC, since only a limited fraction of patients is eligible for treatment, and most of them develop resistance due to progressive immune exhaustion. Here, we identify the transcriptional, molecular, and cellular traits of the immune exhaustion associated with CRC and determine their relationships with the patient's clinic-pathological profile. Bioinformatic analyses of RNA-sequencing data of 594 CRCs from TCGA PanCancer collection, revealed that, in the wide range of immune exhaustion genes, those coding for PD-L1, LAG3 and T-bet were associated (Cramér's V=0.3) with MSI/dMMR tumors and with a shorter overall survival (log-rank test: p=0.0004, p=0.0014 and p=0.0043, respectively), whereas high levels of expression of EOMES, TRAF1, PD-L1, FCRL4, BTLA and SIGLEC6 were associated with a shorter overall survival (log-rank test: p=0.0003, p=0.0188, p=0.0004, p=0.0303, p=0.0052 and p=0.0033, respectively), independently from the molecular subtype of CRC. Expression levels of PD-L1, PD-1, LAG3, EOMES, T-bet, and TIGIT were significantly correlated with each other and associated with genes coding for CD4+ and CD8+CD3+ T cell markers and NKp46+CD94+EOMES+T-bet+ cell markers, (OR >1.5, p<0.05), which identify a subset of group 1 innate lymphoid cells, namely conventional (c)NK cells. Expression of TRAF1 and BTLA co-occurred with both T cell markers, CD3γ, CD3δ, CD3ε, CD4, and B cell markers, CD19, CD20 and CD79a (OR >2, p<0.05). Expression of TGFβ1 was associated only with CD4 + and CD8+CD3ε+ T cell markers (odds ratio >2, p<0.05). Expression of PD-L2 and IDO1 was associated (OR >1.5, p<0.05) only with cNK cell markers, whereas expression of FCRL4, SIGLEC2 and SIGLEC6 was associated (OR >2.5; p<0.05) with CD19+CD20+CD79a+ B cell markers. Morphometric examination of immunostained CRC tissue sections, obtained from a validation cohort of 53 CRC patients, substantiated the biostatistical findings, showing that the highest percentage of immune exhaustion gene expressing cells were found in tumors from short-term survivors and that functional exhaustion is not confined to T lymphocytes, but also involves B cells, and cNK cells. This concept was strengthened by CYBERSORTx analysis, which revealed the expression of additional immune exhaustion genes, in particular FOXP1, SIRT1, BATF, NR4A1 and TOX, by subpopulations of T, B and NK cells. This study provides novel insight into the immune exhaustion landscape of CRC and emphasizes the need for a customized multi-targeted therapeutic approach to overcome resistance to current immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi D'Antonio
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fieni
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Livia Ciummo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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18
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Getahun A. Role of inhibitory signaling in peripheral B cell tolerance*. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:27-42. [PMID: 35128676 PMCID: PMC8986582 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At least 20% of B cells in the periphery expresses an antigen receptor with a degree of self-reactivity. If activated, these autoreactive B cells pose a risk as they can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. To prevent their activation, both B cell-intrinsic and extrinsic tolerance mechanisms are in place in healthy individuals. In this review article, I will focus on B cell-intrinsic mechanisms that prevent the activation of autoreactive B cells in the periphery. I will discuss how inhibitory signaling circuits are established in autoreactive B cells, focusing on the Lyn-SHIP-1-SHP-1 axis, how they contribute to peripheral immune tolerance, and how disruptions of these circuits can contribute to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado SOM Aurora Colorado USA
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine National Jewish Health Denver Colorado USA
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19
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Karabon L, Andrzejczak A, Ciszak L, Tomkiewicz A, Szteblich A, Bojarska-Junak A, Roliński J, Wołowiec D, Wróbel T, Kosmaczewska A. BTLA Expression in CLL: Epigenetic Regulation and Impact on CLL B Cell Proliferation and Ability to IL-4 Production. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113009. [PMID: 34831232 PMCID: PMC8616199 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases showed higher levels of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) mRNA compared to controls, lower BTLA protein expression was observed in cases compared to controls. Hence we hypothesize that micro RNA (miR) 155-5p regulates BTLA expression in CLL. In line with earlier data, expression of BTLA mRNA and miR-155-5p is elevated in CLL (p = 0.034 and p = 0.0006, respectively) as well as in MEC-1 cell line (p = 0.009 and 0.016, respectively). Inhibition of miR-155-5p partially restored BTLA protein expression in CLL patients (p = 0.01) and in MEC-1 cell lines (p = 0.058). Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the significance of BTLA deficiency in CLL cells on proliferation and IL-4 production of B cells. We found that secretion of IL-4 is not dependent on BTLA expression, since fractions of BTLA positive and BTLA negative B cells expressing intracellular IL-4 were similar in CLL patients and controls. We demonstrated that in controls the fraction of proliferating cells is lower in BTLA positive than in BTLA negative B cells (p = 0.059), which was not observed in CLL. However, the frequency of BTLA positive Ki67+ B cells in CLL was higher compared to corresponding cells from controls (p = 0.055) while there were no differences between the examined groups regarding frequency of BTLA negative Ki67+ B cells. Our studies suggest that miR-155-5p is involved in BTLA deficiency, affecting proliferation of CLL B cells, which may be one of the mechanisms responsible for CLL pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Karabon
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (A.T.)
- Department and Clinic of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Andrzejczak
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Lidia Ciszak
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (L.C.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Tomkiewicz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Aleksandra Szteblich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (L.C.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Dariusz Wołowiec
- Department and Clinic of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department and Clinic of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Agata Kosmaczewska
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigl 12 Str., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (L.C.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
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20
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Lee JJ, Bernard V, Semaan A, Monberg ME, Huang J, Stephens BM, Lin D, Rajapakshe KI, Weston BR, Bhutani MS, Haymaker CL, Bernatchez C, Taniguchi CM, Maitra A, Guerrero PA. Elucidation of Tumor-Stromal Heterogeneity and the Ligand-Receptor Interactome by Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Real-world Pancreatic Cancer Biopsies. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5912-5921. [PMID: 34426439 PMCID: PMC8563410 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Precision medicine approaches in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are imperative for improving disease outcomes. With molecular subtypes of PDAC gaining relevance in the context of therapeutic stratification, the ability to characterize heterogeneity of cancer-specific gene expression patterns is of great interest. In addition, understanding patterns of immune evasion within PDAC is of importance as novel immunotherapeutic strategies are developed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is readily applicable to limited biopsies from human primary and metastatic PDAC and identifies most cancers as being an admixture of previously described epithelial transcriptomic subtypes. RESULTS Integrative analyses of our data provide an in-depth characterization of the heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblast subclasses, and predicts for a multitude of ligand-receptor interactions, revealing potential targets for immunotherapy approaches. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis demonstrates that the use of de novo biopsies from patients with PDAC paired with scRNA-seq may facilitate therapeutic prediction from limited biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon J Lee
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vincent Bernard
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander Semaan
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria E Monberg
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan Huang
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bret M Stephens
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal I Rajapakshe
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian R Weston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Manoop S Bhutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paola A Guerrero
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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21
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Immune checkpoints and the multiple faces of B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 33:592-597. [PMID: 34402453 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW B-lymphocytes are crucial in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including autoantibody production, antigen presentation, co-stimulation, and cytokine secretion. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules control interactions between B and T cells during an inflammatory response, which is essential for an appropriate host protection and maintenance of self-tolerance. Here, we review recent findings about checkpoint molecules and SLE B cells including their potential therapeutic implications and experiences from clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Most prominent checkpoint molecules involved in pathologic B and T cell interaction in SLE are CD40/CD40L and inducible co-stimulator/ICOSL, both also intimately involved in the formation of germinal centers and ectopic lymphoid tissue. Dysregulations of inhibitory checkpoint molecules, like programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator have been suggested to impair B cell functions in SLE recently. SUMMARY Accumulating evidence indicates that dampening immune responses by either blocking co-activating signals or enhancing co-inhibitory signals in different cell types is a promising approach to treat autoimmune diseases to better control active disease but may also allow resolution of chronic autoimmunity.
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22
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Jackson JT, Mulazzani E, Nutt SL, Masters SL. The role of PLCγ2 in immunological disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100905. [PMID: 34157287 PMCID: PMC8318911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) is a critical signaling molecule activated downstream from a variety of cell surface receptors that contain an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. These receptors recruit kinases such as Syk, BTK, and BLNK to phosphorylate and activate PLCγ2, which then generates 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These well-known second messengers are required for diverse membrane functionality including cellular proliferation, endocytosis, and calcium flux. As a result, PLCγ2 dysfunction is associated with a variety of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and immune disorders. The diverse pathologies associated with PLCγ2 are exemplified by distinct genetic variants. Inherited mutations at this locus cause PLCγ2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation, in some cases with autoinflammation. Acquired mutations at this locus, which often arise as a result of BTK inhibition to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, result in constitutive downstream signaling and lymphocyte proliferation. Finally, a third group of PLCγ2 variants actually has a protective effect in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, presumably by increased uptake and degradation of deleterious neurological aggregates. Therefore, manipulating PLCγ2 activity either up or down could have therapeutic benefit; however, we require a better understanding of the signaling pathways propagated by these variants before such clinical utility can be realized. Here, we review the signaling roles of PLCγ2 in hematopoietic cells to help understand the effect of mutations driving immune disorders and cancer and extrapolate from this to roles which may relate to protection against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Jackson
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Mulazzani
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Immunology Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Sancho-Araiz A, Mangas-Sanjuan V, Trocóniz IF. The Role of Mathematical Models in Immuno-Oncology: Challenges and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071016. [PMID: 34371708 PMCID: PMC8309057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-oncology (IO) focuses on the ability of the immune system to detect and eliminate cancer cells. Since the approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapies have become a major player in oncology treatment and, in 2021, represented the highest number of approved drugs in the field. In spite of this, there is still a fraction of patients that do not respond to these therapies and develop resistance mechanisms. In this sense, mathematical models offer an opportunity to identify predictive biomarkers, optimal dosing schedules and rational combinations to maximize clinical response. This work aims to outline the main therapeutic targets in IO and to provide a description of the different mathematical approaches (top-down, middle-out, and bottom-up) integrating the cancer immunity cycle with immunotherapeutic agents in clinical scenarios. Among the different strategies, middle-out models, which combine both theoretical and evidence-based description of tumor growth and immunological cell-type dynamics, represent an optimal framework to evaluate new IO strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymara Sancho-Araiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; (A.S.-A.); (I.F.T.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Mangas-Sanjuan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96354-3351
| | - Iñaki F. Trocóniz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; (A.S.-A.); (I.F.T.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain
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24
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Wiedemann A, Lettau M, Weißenberg SY, Stefanski AL, Schrezenmeier EV, Rincon-Arevalo H, Reiter K, Alexander T, Hiepe F, Lino AC, Dörner T. BTLA Expression and Function Are Impaired on SLE B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667991. [PMID: 33968071 PMCID: PMC8100666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA/CD272) is an inhibitory checkpoint molecule expressed on T and B cells. Prior studies reported defective function of BTLA by T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas nothing is known about its role on B cells in SLE, a disease with various B cell abnormalities. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 23 healthy donors (HD) and 34 SLE patients were stained for BTLA and its expression on B cells was assessed. PBMCs or CD27-IgD+ naive B cells were stimulated together with an activating anti-BTLA antibody or an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and differentiation as well as the expression of activation markers CD71, PD-1 and CD86 were analyzed. Our phenotypic and functional studies revealed reduced BTLA expression on CD27-IgD+ naïve B cells from SLE patients (p=0.0017) related to anti-dsDNA antibody titers (p=0.0394) and SIGLEC-1/CD169 expression on monocytes (p=0.0196), a type I interferon marker related to disease activity. BTLA engagement was found to control CpG/TLR9 activation limiting plasmablast (p=0.0156) and B cell memory induction (p=0.0078) in normal B cells in contrast to other B cell activation pathways (CD40, BCR). These BTLA functions were impaired in SLE B cells. Inhibition of SYK was found to mimic the effects of BTLA activity in vitro. Thus, is it possible that reduced BTLA expression and function of CD27-IgD+ antigen- and T cell-inexperienced SLE B cells could be overcome by SYK inhibition which should be tested in future studies as potential therapeutic principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wiedemann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Lettau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Y Weißenberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana-Luisa Stefanski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Vanessa Schrezenmeier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, BIH Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hector Rincon-Arevalo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, BIH Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Karin Reiter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C Lino
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
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25
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Ning Z, Liu K, Xiong H. Roles of BTLA in Immunity and Immune Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654960. [PMID: 33859648 PMCID: PMC8043046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is one of the most important cosignaling molecules. It belongs to the CD28 superfamily and is similar to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in terms of its structure and function. BTLA can be detected in most lymphocytes and induces immunosuppression by inhibiting B and T cell activation and proliferation. The BTLA ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), does not belong to the classic B7 family. Instead, it is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. The association of BTLA with HVEM directly bridges the CD28 and TNFR families and mediates broad and powerful immune effects. Recently, a large number of studies have found that BTLA participates in numerous physiopathological processes, such as tumor, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and transplantation rejection. Therefore, the present work aimed to review the existing knowledge about BTLA in immunity and summarize the diverse functions of BTLA in various immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Keyan Liu
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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26
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Glass DR, Tsai AG, Oliveria JP, Hartmann FJ, Kimmey SC, Calderon AA, Borges L, Glass MC, Wagar LE, Davis MM, Bendall SC. An Integrated Multi-omic Single-Cell Atlas of Human B Cell Identity. Immunity 2021; 53:217-232.e5. [PMID: 32668225 PMCID: PMC7369630 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
B cells are capable of a wide range of effector functions including antibody secretion, antigen presentation, cytokine production, and generation of immunological memory. A consistent strategy for classifying human B cells by using surface molecules is essential to harness this functional diversity for clinical translation. We developed a highly multiplexed screen to quantify the co-expression of 351 surface molecules on millions of human B cells. We identified differentially expressed molecules and aligned their variance with isotype usage, VDJ sequence, metabolic profile, biosynthesis activity, and signaling response. Based on these analyses, we propose a classification scheme to segregate B cells from four lymphoid tissues into twelve unique subsets, including a CD45RB+CD27− early memory population, a class-switched CD39+ tonsil-resident population, and a CD19hiCD11c+ memory population that potently responds to immune activation. This classification framework and underlying datasets provide a resource for further investigations of human B cell identity and function. A mass cytometry screen reveals 98 surface molecules expressed by human B cells High-dimensional analysis identifies twelve B cell subsets across four tissues CD45RB, CD11c, CD39, CD73, and CD95 define subsets of antigen-experienced B cells Isotype usage, signaling, and metabolism vary in accordance with cell surface phenotype
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Glass
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Albert G Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Paul Oliveria
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Felix J Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Samuel C Kimmey
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ariel A Calderon
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Luciene Borges
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marla C Glass
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lisa E Wagar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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27
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Dong X, Song J, Chen B, Qi Y, Jiang W, Li H, Zheng D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu H. Exploration of the Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Value of B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:592811. [PMID: 33718105 PMCID: PMC7953043 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a newly identified immune checkpoint molecular belonging to the CD28 immunoglobulin superfamily. However, the expression and clinical value of BTLA in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) has not been widely characterized. We found that BTLA levels were upregulated in metastatic melanoma compared to normal skin tissues and primary melanoma. Higher BTLA was also correlated with improved prognosis in SKCM based on several datasets. The multivariate Cox regression model revealed that BTLA was an independent survival indicator in metastatic melanoma. Tumor microenvironment analysis indicated BTLA was positively associated with the infiltrating levels of different immune cells and the activity of the anti-cancer immunity cycle. Importantly, BTLA accurately predicted the outcome of melanoma patients treated with MAGE-A3 blocker or first-line anti-PD-1. The present findings disclose that BTLA is a reliable biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapeutic response and might contribute to developing novel SKCM immunological treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Children’s Health Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Buran Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Qi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danni Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiguang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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28
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Cai C, Hu Z, Yu X. Accelerator or Brake: Immune Regulators in Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:610121. [PMID: 33363057 PMCID: PMC7758250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.610121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide each year, eradicating malaria has been one of the greatest challenges to public health for a century. Growing resistance to anti-parasitic therapies and lack of effective vaccines are major contributing factors in controlling this disease. However, the incomplete understanding of parasite interactions with host anti-malaria immunity hinders vaccine development efforts to date. Recent studies have been unveiling the complexity of immune responses and regulators against Plasmodium infection. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immune responses against Plasmodium-derived components infection and mainly focus on the various regulatory mechanisms mediated by recent identified immune regulators orchestrating anti-malaria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Cai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Novel human immunomodulatory T cell receptors and their double-edged potential in autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:919-935. [PMID: 33235388 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, approaches based on T cells and their immunomodulatory receptors have emerged as a solid improvement in treatments for various types of cancer. However, the roles of these molecules in the therapeutic context of autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases are still relatively unexplored. Here, we review the best known and most commonly used immunomodulatory T cell receptors in clinical practice (PD-1 and CTLA-4), along with the rest of the receptors with known functions in animal models, which have great potential as modulators in human pathologies in the medium term. Among these other receptors is the receptor CD69, which has recently been described to be expressed in mouse and human T cells in autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, inhibition of these receptors individually or in combination by drugs or monoclonal antibodies generates a loss of immunological tolerance and can trigger multiple autoimmune disorders in different organs and immune-related adverse effects. In the coming decades, knowledge on the functions of different immunomodulatory receptors will be pivotal for the development of new and better therapies with less harmful side effects. In this review, we discuss the roles of these receptors in the control of immunity from a perspective focused on therapeutic potential in not only cancer but also autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, and myocarditis.
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30
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Cascino K, Roederer M, Liechti T. OMIP-068: High-Dimensional Characterization of Global and Antigen-Specific B Cells in Chronic Infection. Cytometry A 2020; 97:1037-1043. [PMID: 32741082 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This 24-color flow cytometry panel focuses on characterizing antigen-specific B cells and precise delineation of B-cell subsets in chronic infections and is applicable to other chronic diseases such as autoimmunity. The panel was optimized for human cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Markers were chosen to extensively distinguish B-cell lineages (CD19, CD20, CD10, CD38, CD24, IgM, IgD, CD27, CD21, CD43, CD5). Inclusion of antigen-specific probes was of high priority in order to assess hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen-specific B cells for our purposes. These probes can be readily exchanged for other pathogen-specific probes or additional markers for the panel to be tailored to desired research questions beyond HBV. In addition, we included a comprehensive and unique set of functional markers such as chemokine receptors (CXCR3, CXCR5), co-stimulatory molecule (CD86), Fc receptor (CD32), regulatory molecules (BTLA, CD39), and inhibitory markers associated with chronic infections (PD-1, FcRL5, CD11c, CD22) to enable in-depth analysis of global and antigen-specific B cells during chronic infection. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cascino
- Viral Hepatitis Center, Department of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Liechti
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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D'Arrigo P, Tufano M, Rea A, Vigorito V, Novizio N, Russo S, Romano MF, Romano S. Manipulation of the Immune System for Cancer Defeat: A Focus on the T Cell Inhibitory Checkpoint Molecules. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2402-2448. [PMID: 30398102 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181106114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system actively counteracts the tumorigenesis process; a breakout of the immune system function, or its ability to recognize transformed cells, can favor cancer development. Cancer becomes able to escape from immune system control by using multiple mechanisms, which are only in part known at a cellular and molecular level. Among these mechanisms, in the last decade, the role played by the so-called "inhibitory immune checkpoints" is emerging as pivotal in preventing the tumor attack by the immune system. Physiologically, the inhibitory immune checkpoints work to maintain the self-tolerance and attenuate the tissue injury caused by pathogenic infections. Cancer cell exploits such immune-inhibitory molecules to contrast the immune intervention and induce tumor tolerance. Molecular agents that target these checkpoints represent the new frontier for cancer treatment. Despite the heterogeneity and multiplicity of molecular alterations among the tumors, the immune checkpoint targeted therapy has been shown to be helpful in selected and even histologically different types of cancer, and are currently being adopted against an increasing variety of tumors. The most frequently used is the moAb-based immunotherapy that targets the Programmed Cell Death 1 protein (PD-1), the PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) or the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4). However, new therapeutic approaches are currently in development, along with the discovery of new immune checkpoints exploited by the cancer cell. This article aims to review the inhibitory checkpoints, which are known up to now, along with the mechanisms of cancer immunoediting. An outline of the immune checkpoint targeting approaches, also including combined immunotherapies and the existing trials, is also provided. Notwithstanding the great efforts devoted by researchers in the field of biomarkers of response, to date, no validated FDA-approved immunological biomarkers exist for cancer patients. We highlight relevant studies on predictive biomarkers and attempt to discuss the challenges in this field, due to the complex and largely unknown dynamic mechanisms that drive the tumor immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D'Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Tufano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Vigorito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Schroeder JC, Puntigam L, Hofmann L, Jeske SS, Beccard IJ, Doescher J, Laban S, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C, Theodoraki MN, Schuler PJ. Circulating Exosomes Inhibit B Cell Proliferation and Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082110. [PMID: 32751214 PMCID: PMC7464446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by a distinctive suppression of the anti-tumor immunity, both locally in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the periphery. Tumor-derived exosomes mediate this immune suppression by directly suppressing T effector function and by inducing differentiation of regulatory T cells. However, little is known about the effects of exosomes on B cells. (2) Methods: Peripheral B cells from healthy donors and HNSCC patients were isolated and checkpoint receptor expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Circulating exosomes were isolated from the plasma of HNSCC patients (n = 21) and healthy individuals (n = 10) by mini size-exclusion chromatography. B cells from healthy individuals were co-cultured with isolated exosomes for up to 4 days. Proliferation, viability, surface expression of checkpoint receptors, and intracellular signaling were analyzed in B cells by flow cytometry. (3) Results: Expression of the checkpoint receptors PD-1 and LAG3 was increased on B cells from HNSCC patients. The protein concentration of circulating exosomes was increased in HNSCC patients as compared to healthy donors. Both exosomes from healthy individuals and HNSCC patients inhibited B cell proliferation and survival, in vitro. Surface expression of inhibitory and stimulatory checkpoint receptors on B cells was modulated in co-culture with exosomes. In addition, an inhibitory effect of exosomes on B cell receptor (BCR) signaling was demonstrated in B cells. (4) Conclusions: Plasma-derived exosomes show inhibitory effects on the function of healthy B cells. Interestingly, these inhibitory effects are similar between exosomes from healthy individuals and HNSCC patients, suggesting a physiological B cell inhibitory role of circulating exosomes.
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Song J, Wu L. Friend or Foe: Prognostic and Immunotherapy Roles of BTLA in Colorectal Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:148. [PMID: 32793631 PMCID: PMC7385242 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a co-signaling protein belonging to the CD28 immunoglobulin superfamily. However, the role of BTLA in prognosis and immunotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Methods We evaluated the expression of BTLA via the Oncomine and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. We research the outcome among different BTLA expression patients by Kaplan–Meier curve. We used the Chi-Squared test and Cox regression analysis to identify potential risk factors. Besides, the correlations between BTLA and cancer immune infiltration were investigated via CIBERSORT. Results Various cohorts showed that BTLA expression was lower in CRC compared to corresponding normal tissue. Moreover, low BTLA expression was correlated with poor overall survival in TCGA cohorts and Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts (GSE29623 and GSE17536). Low BTLA expression was associated with less lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0123). In the Cox proportional hazards model, BTLA was identified as a favorable prognostic factor. Naive B cells, memory B cells, CD8 T cells, CD4 memory resting T cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, monocytes, resting natural killing (NK) cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, resting mast cells, and activated mast cells were affected by BTLA expression (all p < 0.01). Correlated immune markers and functional enrichment analysis revealed BTLA functioned in the T cell receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway. Conclusion These analyses suggest BTLA is a potential factor for extended survival and closely related to CD8 T cells, Tfh cells, B cells, and NK cells in CRC. We summarize these results that BTLA can be used as a prognostic biomarker and might contribute to developing novel CRC immunological treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Department of Children's Health Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Department of Children's Health Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Mintz MA, Cyster JG. T follicular helper cells in germinal center B cell selection and lymphomagenesis. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:48-61. [PMID: 32412663 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are confined anatomic regions where rapidly proliferating B cells undergo somatic mutation and selection and eventual differentiation into memory B cells or long-lived plasma cells. GCs are also the origin of malignancy, namely follicular lymphoma (FL), GC B cell-diffuse large B cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). GC B cell lymphomas maintain their GC transcriptional signatures and sustain many features of the GC microenvironment, including CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Tfh cells are essential for the formation and maintenance of GCs, providing critical helper signals such as CD40L. Large-scale sequencing efforts have led to new insights about the tightly regulated selection mechanisms that are commonly targeted during GC B cell lymphomagenesis. For instance, HVEM, a frequently mutated surface molecule in GC-derived lymphomas, engages the inhibitory receptor BTLA on Tfh cells and loss of HVEM leads to exaggerated T cell help. Here, we review current understanding of how Tfh cells contribute to the selection of GC B cells, with a particular emphasis on how Tfh cell signals may contribute to lymphomagenesis. The possibility of targeting Tfh cells for the treatment of GC-derived lymphomas is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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A combination of the activation marker CD86 and the immune checkpoint marker B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) indicates a putative permissive activation state of B cell subtypes in healthy blood donors independent of age and sex. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:14. [PMID: 32197584 PMCID: PMC7082969 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of anti-B cell based therapies in immune-mediated diseases targeting general B cell markers or molecules important for B cell function has increased the clinical needs of monitoring B cell subpopulations. Results We analyzed the expression profile of cell surface markers CD86 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in B cell subtypes using flow cytometry, including naïve, transitional, switched memory, non-switched memory and double-negative memory B cells and plasmablasts, and investigated the dependence of age and sex in a healthy adult blood donor population. The switched memory B cell subtype displayed a divergent expression of the markers, with increased CD86 and decreased BTLA as compared to non-switched and double negative memory cells, as well as compared to naïve B cells. Plasmablasts expressed highly increased CD86 compared to all other subtypes and a decreased expression of BTLA compared to naïve cells, but still higher compared to the memory cell populations. Transitional B cells had CD86 and BTLA expression similar to the other naïve cells. Conclusions We show divergent expression of CD86 and BTLA in memory cells and plasmablasts compared to naïve B cells independent of age and sex. Furthermore, a similarly divergent difference of expression pattern was seen between the memory cell subtypes, altogether indicating that the combination of CD86 and BTLA might be markers for a permissive activation state. We suggest the combination of CD86 and BTLA expression on B cell subtypes as a potentially important tool in monitoring the status of B cell subtypes before and after treatments influencing the B cell compartment.
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Li X, Xu Z, Cui G, Yu L, Zhang X. BTLA Expression in Stage I-III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Its Correlation with PD-1/PD-L1 and Clinical Outcomes. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:215-224. [PMID: 32021268 PMCID: PMC6957103 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a novel immune checkpoint with an unclear role in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In contrast, the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint is a potentially curative immunotherapy target in NSCLC. Our study investigated BTLA expression and its relationship with PD-1/PD-L1, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and clinicopathological features. Methods The protein expressions of BTLA, PD-1, and PD-L1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TIL abundance was scored in paraffin-embedded tissues from surgically resected specimens from 87 patients with stage I–III NSCLC. Results BTLA was expressed in tumor cells in 35 patients with NSCLC (40.2%). In addition, 42 patients (48.3%) were positive for PD-1 in TILs and 31 (35.6%) were positive for PD-L1 in tumor cells. BTLA was overexpressed in patients with lymphatic invasion (P=0.045) and an advanced tumor stage (P=0.034). High expression of BTLA was positively correlated with a high level of PD-L1 (P=0.011). Patients with positive BTLA expression had a shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) than those with negative BTLA expression (P=0.029). Moreover, patients negative for both BTLA and PD-L1 had a longer RFS than patients who were positive for BTLA or PD-L1 or for both checkpoints (P=0.012). The same pattern was shown for overall survival (P=0.031). Conclusion High BTLA expression may predict poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC and may represent a new immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoguo Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyuan Cui
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
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Werner K, Dolff S, Dai Y, Ma X, Brinkhoff A, Korth J, Gäckler A, Rohn H, Sun M, Cohen Tervaert JW, van Paassen P, Kribben A, Witzke O, Wilde B. The Co-inhibitor BTLA Is Functional in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Suppresses Th17 Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2843. [PMID: 31921121 PMCID: PMC6914808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The activation and inhibition of T-cells has been well-studied under physiological conditions. Co-inhibition is an important mechanism to keep effector T-cells in check. Co-inhibitors mediate peripheral self-tolerance and limit the immune response. Dysfunctional co-inhibition is associated with loss of T-cell regulation and induction of autoimmunity. Therefore, we investigated the co-inhibitor B- and T-Lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods: Fifty-six AAV patients and 32 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the expression of BTLA on T-cells. Double negative T-cells were defined as CD3+CD4-CD8-. To assess the functionality of BTLA, CFSE-labeled T-cells were stimulated in presence or absence of an agonistic anti-BTLA antibody. In addition, impact of BTLA-mediated co-inhibition on Th17 cells was studied. Results: AAV patients in remission had a decreased expression of BTLA on double negative T-cells (CD3+CD4-CD8-). On all other subtypes of T-cells, expression of BTLA was comparable to healthy controls. TCR-independent stimulation of T-cells resulted in down-regulation of BTLA on Th cells in AAV and HC, being significantly lower in HC. Co-inhibition via BTLA led to suppression of T-cell proliferation in AAV as well as in HC. As a result of BTLA mediated co-inhibition, Th17 cells were suppressed to the same extent in AAV and HC. Conclusion: BTLA expression is altered on double negative T-cells but not on other T-cell subsets in quiescent AAV. BTLA-induced co-inhibition has the capacity to suppress Th17 cells and is functional in AAV. Thus, BTLA-mediated co-inhibition might be exploited for future targeted therapies in AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Werner
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brinkhoff
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Korth
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Gäckler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hana Rohn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Pieter van Paassen
- Section of Nephrology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wilde
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Chen YL, Lin HW, Chien CL, Lai YL, Sun WZ, Chen CA, Cheng WF. BTLA blockade enhances Cancer therapy by inhibiting IL-6/IL-10-induced CD19 high B lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:313. [PMID: 31753019 PMCID: PMC6868712 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The standard treatment for epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is surgery followed by platinum/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, but the overall survival rate is poor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of chemotherapy combined with inhibition of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) for clinical use to treat EOC. Methods Initially, we evaluated the potential application of chemotherapy combined with anti-BTLA antibody in an animal model. We then analyzed the distribution and regulation of BTLA expression on immunocytes in vitro. Finally, we examined the correlation between BTLA expression levels in cancerous tissues and prognosis in 254 EOC cases. Results The combination of chemotherapy and anti-BTLA antibody for inhibiting BTLA significantly reduced peritoneal tumor volume and extended survival in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, BTLA could be identified mostly on B lymphocytes, especially on CD19hi B cells, rather than on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Under regulation of interleukins 6 and 10, more BTLA+CD19hi B lymphocytes could be induced through AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways. Detectable BTLA expression in ovarian cancerous tissues was associated with worse disease-free and overall survivals of EOC patients. Conclusions BTLA detected in cancerous tissues can predict poor outcome of EOC patients. Inhibition of BTLA combined with chemotherapy can elevate immune activation and generate potent anti-tumor effects. Thus, the combination of chemotherapy and anti-BTLA antibody may hold potential clinical application for the treatment of EOC patients. Trial registration The Trial Registration Number was NCT00854399.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Chien
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Shi W, Shao T, Li JY, Fan DD, Lin AF, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. BTLA-HVEM Checkpoint Axis Regulates Hepatic Homeostasis and Inflammation in a ConA-Induced Hepatitis Model in Zebrafish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2425-2442. [PMID: 31562209 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The BTLA-HVEM checkpoint axis plays extensive roles in immunomodulation and diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. However, the functions of this checkpoint axis in hepatitis remain limited. In this study, we explored the regulatory role of the Btla-Hvem axis in a ConA-induced hepatitis model in zebrafish. Results showed that Btla and Hvem were differentially expressed on intrahepatic Cd8+ T cells and hepatocytes. Knockdown of Btla or Hvem significantly promoted hepatic inflammation. Btla was highly expressed in Cd8+ T cells in healthy liver but was downregulated in inflamed liver, as evidenced by a disparate proportion of Cd8+Btla+ and Cd8+Btla- T cells in individuals without or with ConA stimulation. Cd8+Btla+ T cells showed minimal cytotoxicity to hepatocytes, whereas Cd8+Btla- T cells were strongly reactive. The depletion of Cd8+Btla- T cells reduced hepatitis, whereas their transfer enhanced hepatic inflammation. These observations indicate that Btla endowed Cd8+Btla+ T cells with self-tolerance, thereby preventing them from attacking hepatocytes. Btla downregulation deprived this tolerization. Mechanistically, Btla-Hvem interaction contributed to Cd8+Btla+ T cell tolerization, which was impaired by Hvem knockdown but rescued by soluble Hvem protein administration. Notably, Light was markedly upregulated on Cd8+Btla- T cells, accompanied by the transition of Cd8+Btla+Light- to Cd8+Btla-Light+ T cells during hepatitis, which could be modulated by Cd4+ T cells. Light blockade attenuated hepatitis, thereby suggesting the positive role of Light in hepatic inflammation. These findings provide insights into a previously unrecognized Btla-Hvem-Light regulatory network in hepatic homeostasis and inflammation, thus adding a new potential therapeutic intervention for hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Tong Shao
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jiang-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Dong-Dong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ai-Fu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Li-Xin Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
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Mintz MA, Felce JH, Chou MY, Mayya V, Xu Y, Shui JW, An J, Li Z, Marson A, Okada T, Ware CF, Kronenberg M, Dustin ML, Cyster JG. The HVEM-BTLA Axis Restrains T Cell Help to Germinal Center B Cells and Functions as a Cell-Extrinsic Suppressor in Lymphomagenesis. Immunity 2019; 51:310-323.e7. [PMID: 31204070 PMCID: PMC6703922 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member HVEM is one of the most frequently mutated surface proteins in germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas. We found that HVEM deficiency increased B cell competitiveness during pre-GC and GC responses. The immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily protein BTLA regulated HVEM-expressing B cell responses independently of B-cell-intrinsic signaling via HVEM or BTLA. BTLA signaling into T cells through the phosphatase SHP1 reduced T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and preformed CD40 ligand mobilization to the immunological synapse, thus diminishing the help delivered to B cells. Moreover, T cell deficiency in BTLA cooperated with B cell Bcl-2 overexpression, leading to GC B cell outgrowth. These results establish that HVEM restrains the T helper signals delivered to B cells to influence GC selection outcomes, and they suggest that BTLA functions as a cell-extrinsic suppressor of GC B cell lymphomagenesis. HVEM deficiency increases B cell competitiveness in response to T cell help Preformed CD40L upregulation is tuned to TCR signal strength HVEM engagement of Tfh BTLA signals via SHP1 to restrain CD40L and B cell proliferation T cell BTLA is an extrinsic repressor of Bcl-2-overexpressing GC B cell accumulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James H Felce
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marissa Y Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Viveka Mayya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takaharu Okada
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Chrétien S, Zerdes I, Bergh J, Matikas A, Foukakis T. Beyond PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibition: What the Future Holds for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E628. [PMID: 31060337 PMCID: PMC6562626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has altered the management of human malignancies, improving outcomes in an expanding list of diseases. Breast cancer - presumably due to its perceived low immunogenicity - is a late addition to this list. Furthermore, most of the focus has been on the triple negative subtype because of its higher tumor mutational load and lymphocyte-enriched stroma, although emerging data show promise on the other breast cancer subtypes as well. To this point the clinical use of immunotherapy is limited to the inhibition of two immune checkpoints, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4). Consistent with the complexity of the regulation of the tumor - host interactions and their lack of reliance on a single regulatory pathway, combinatory approaches have shown improved efficacy albeit at the cost of increased toxicity. Beyond those two checkpoints though, a large number of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory molecules play major roles on tumor evasion from immunosurveillance. These molecules likely represent future targets of immunotherapy provided that the promise shown in early data is translated into improved patient survival in randomized trials. The biological role, prognostic and predictive implications regarding breast cancer and early clinical efforts on exploiting these immune-related therapeutic targets are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Chrétien
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
| | - Ioannis Zerdes
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
| | - Alexios Matikas
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
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Yu X, Zheng Y, Mao R, Su Z, Zhang J. BTLA/HVEM Signaling: Milestones in Research and Role in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:617. [PMID: 30984188 PMCID: PMC6449624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune-regulatory receptor, similar to CTLA-4 and PD-1, and is mainly expressed on B-, T-, and all mature lymphocyte cells. Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)-BTLA plays a critical role in immune tolerance and immune responses which are areas of intense research. However, the mechanisms of the BTLA and the BTLA/HVEM signaling pathway in human diseases remain unclear. This review describes the research milestones of BTLA and HVEM in chronological order and their role in chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijuan Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Richeng Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Single Cell Profiling Reveals PTEN Overexpression in Influenza-Specific B cells in Aging HIV-infected individuals on Anti-retroviral Therapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2482. [PMID: 30792481 PMCID: PMC6385500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBC) respond to secondary antigen challenge to protect against infection and to boost immunity following vaccinations. Despite effective treatment, chronic HIV infection disturbs MBCs by reducing numbers and altering functionality due to hyper-activation and increased apoptosis leading to suboptimal antibody responses against common infectious agents. We used single cell gene expression analysis to evaluate antigen-specific memory B cells in peripheral blood of virally-suppressed HIV-infected individuals and healthy controls stratified by serum H1N1 antibody response 3 weeks post-administration of the seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. We used a fluorescent probe to isolate influenza H1N1-specific B cells and a multiplexed and targeted RT-PCR approach to measure expression levels of 96 genes involved in B cell activation and function. Gene profiling revealed a 4-gene predictive signature containing the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, PTEN, for identifying antigen-specific MBC from HIV-infected individuals compared to healthy controls. Gene co-expression analysis showed that in addition to overexpression of PTEN, there was increased co-expression of type I interferon-associated genes with PTEN on single cell level in HIV compared to controls. This study highlights the persistent defects in MBC from HIV-infected individuals and points to the PI3K signaling pathway as a target for potential immune intervention.
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44
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Sawaf M, Fauny JD, Felten R, Sagez F, Gottenberg JE, Dumortier H, Monneaux F. Defective BTLA functionality is rescued by restoring lipid metabolism in lupus CD4+ T cells. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99711. [PMID: 29997289 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinhibitory receptors play an important role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by limiting T cell activation. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an inhibitory receptor, similar to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), that negatively regulates the immune response. The role of BTLA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in humans and, more specifically, in SLE is largely unknown. We investigated BTLA expression on various T cell subsets, and we did not observe significant variations of BTLA expression between lupus patients and healthy controls. However, the enhancement of BTLA expression after activation was significantly lower in SLE patients compared with that in healthy controls. Furthermore, we found an impaired capacity of BTLA to inhibit T cell activation in SLE due to a poor BTLA recruitment to the immunological synapse following T cell stimulation. Finally, we demonstrated that defective BTLA function can be corrected by restoring intracellular trafficking and by normalizing the lipid metabolism in lupus CD4+ T cells. Collectively, our results evidence that the BTLA signaling pathway is altered in SLE T cells and highlight the potential of targeting this pathway for the development of new therapeutic strategies in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Sawaf
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Fauny
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Renaud Felten
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France.,Rheumatology Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Flora Sagez
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France.,Rheumatology Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France.,Rheumatology Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Dumortier
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fanny Monneaux
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
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45
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Rong Z, Zhang F, Wang Z, He W, Dong S, Xu J, Dai F. Improved Osteogenesis by HVEM-Expressing Allogenic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Immune Activation Condition and Mouse Femoral Defect Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1167-1178. [PMID: 29376477 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (allo-MSCs) in bone tissue engineering strategies can overcome the limitations associated with autologous MSCs, but unfortunately, the immunogenicity of allo-MSCs leads to a high rate of rejection, unless immunosuppressive agents are used. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a newly discovered immunoglobulin superfamily inhibitory receptor, and Herpesvirus-entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, is the only ligand of BTLA. Both BTLA and HVEM are widely expressed in B and T lymphocytes and other immune cells and play significant roles in the negative regulation of an immunoreaction. Therefore, we hypothesized that MSCs could be modified to maintain their bone differentiation ability through negative regulation of the immune response, and to test this hypothesis, we generated HVEM-expressing MSCs and tested their potential for osteogenic differentiation and bone repair in a simulated immune activation condition in vitro and in a mice femoral defect model. We found that osteogenic differentiation of allo-MSCs was decreased significantly in the activated immune microenvironment and that HVEM expression by allo-MSCs inhibited the immune response, resulting in improved osteogenic differentiation in vitro and new bone formation by allo-MSCs in a mouse femoral defect model. Our results also preliminarily suggested that the mechanism by which HVEM-expressing allo-MSCs overcome inflammation and enhance osteogenesis may be related to inhibition of interleukin-17. Overall, the data obtained in the present study provide support for the further development of HVEM-modified allo-MSCs as potentially ideal seed cells for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Rong
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics, General hospital of Xin Jiang military region , Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Weifeng He
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University , Chongqing, China .,4 Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Dai
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
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46
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Šedý JR, Balmert MO, Ware BC, Smith W, Nemčovičova I, Norris PS, Miller BR, Aivazian D, Ware CF. A herpesvirus entry mediator mutein with selective agonist action for the inhibitory receptor B and T lymphocyte attenuator. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21060-21070. [PMID: 29061848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus opening reading frame UL144 is an ortholog of the TNF receptor superfamily member, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM; TNFRSF14). HVEM binds the TNF ligands, LIGHT and LTa; the immunoglobulin inhibitory receptor, B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA); and the natural killer cell-activating receptor CD160. However, UL144 selectively binds BTLA, avoiding activation of inflammatory signaling initiated by CD160 in natural killer cells. BTLA and CD160 cross-compete for binding HVEM, but the structural basis for the ligand selectivity by UL144 and how it acts as an anti-inflammatory agonist remains unclear. Here, we modeled the UL144 structure and characterized its binding with BTLA. The UL144 structure was predicted to closely mimic the surface of HVEM, and we also found that both HVEM and UL144 bind a common epitope of BTLA, whether engaged in trans or in cis, that is shared with a BTLA antibody agonist. On the basis of the UL144 selectivity, we engineered a BTLA-selective HVEM protein to understand the basis for ligand selectivity and BTLA agonism to develop novel anti-inflammatory agonists. This HVEM mutein did not bind CD160 or TNF ligands but did bind BTLA with 10-fold stronger affinity than wild-type HVEM and retained potent inhibitory activity that reduced T-cell receptor, B-cell receptor, and interferon signaling in B cells. In conclusion, using a viral immune evasion strategy that shows broad immune-ablating activity, we have identified a novel anti-inflammatory BTLA-selective agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Šedý
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
| | - M Olivia Balmert
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Brian C Ware
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Wendell Smith
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ivana Nemčovičova
- the Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia, and
| | - Paula S Norris
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Brian R Miller
- the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dikran Aivazian
- the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Carl F Ware
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
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47
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Qian M, Zhang H, Kham SKY, Liu S, Jiang C, Zhao X, Lu Y, Goodings C, Lin TN, Zhang R, Moriyama T, Yin Z, Li Z, Quah TC, Ariffin H, Tan AM, Shen S, Bhojwani D, Hu S, Chen S, Zheng H, Pui CH, Yeoh AEJ, Yang JJ. Whole-transcriptome sequencing identifies a distinct subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with predominant genomic abnormalities of EP300 and CREBBP. Genome Res 2016; 27:185-195. [PMID: 27903646 PMCID: PMC5287225 DOI: 10.1101/gr.209163.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations are a genomic hallmark of many hematologic malignancies. Often as initiating events, these structural abnormalities result in fusion proteins involving transcription factors important for hematopoietic differentiation and/or signaling molecules regulating cell proliferation and cell cycle. In contrast, epigenetic regulator genes are more frequently targeted by somatic sequence mutations, possibly as secondary events to further potentiate leukemogenesis. Through comprehensive whole-transcriptome sequencing of 231 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we identified 58 putative functional and predominant fusion genes in 54.1% of patients (n = 125), 31 of which have not been reported previously. In particular, we described a distinct ALL subtype with a characteristic gene expression signature predominantly driven by chromosomal rearrangements of the ZNF384 gene with histone acetyltransferases EP300 and CREBBP. ZNF384-rearranged ALL showed significant up-regulation of CLCF1 and BTLA expression, and ZNF384 fusion proteins consistently showed higher activity to promote transcription of these target genes relative to wild-type ZNF384 in vitro. Ectopic expression of EP300-ZNF384 and CREBBP-ZNF384 fusion altered differentiation of mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and also potentiated oncogenic transformation in vitro. EP300- and CREBBP-ZNF384 fusions resulted in loss of histone lysine acetyltransferase activity in a dominant-negative fashion, with concomitant global reduction of histone acetylation and increased sensitivity of leukemia cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors. In conclusion, our results indicate that gene fusion is a common class of genomic abnormalities in childhood ALL and that recurrent translocations involving EP300 and CREBBP may cause epigenetic deregulation with potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiang Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510120
| | - Shirley Kow-Yin Kham
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100045
| | - Chuang Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 200240
| | - Xujie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Charnise Goodings
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Ting-Nien Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510120
| | - Takaya Moriyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Zhaohong Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Thuan Chong Quah
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599.,VIVA-University Children's Cancer Centre, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Unit, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 59100
| | - Ah Moy Tan
- KKH-CCF Children's Cancer Centre, Paediatric Haematology & Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899
| | - Shuhong Shen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200127
| | - Deepa Bhojwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215025
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215006
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100045
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.,Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Allen Eng-Juh Yeoh
- Centre for Translational Research in Acute Leukaemia, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599.,VIVA-University Children's Cancer Centre, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.,Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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48
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Boice M, Salloum D, Mourcin F, Sanghvi V, Amin R, Oricchio E, Jiang M, Mottok A, Denis-Lagache N, Ciriello G, Tam W, Teruya-Feldstein J, de Stanchina E, Chan WC, Malek SN, Ennishi D, Brentjens RJ, Gascoyne RD, Cogné M, Tarte K, Wendel HG. Loss of the HVEM Tumor Suppressor in Lymphoma and Restoration by Modified CAR-T Cells. Cell 2016; 167:405-418.e13. [PMID: 27693350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The HVEM (TNFRSF14) receptor gene is among the most frequently mutated genes in germinal center lymphomas. We report that loss of HVEM leads to cell-autonomous activation of B cell proliferation and drives the development of GC lymphomas in vivo. HVEM-deficient lymphoma B cells also induce a tumor-supportive microenvironment marked by exacerbated lymphoid stroma activation and increased recruitment of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. These changes result from the disruption of inhibitory cell-cell interactions between the HVEM and BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) receptors. Accordingly, administration of the HVEM ectodomain protein (solHVEM(P37-V202)) binds BTLA and restores tumor suppression. To deliver solHVEM to lymphomas in vivo, we engineered CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that produce solHVEM locally and continuously. These modified CAR-T cells show enhanced therapeutic activity against xenografted lymphomas. Hence, the HVEM-BTLA axis opposes lymphoma development, and our study illustrates the use of CAR-T cells as "micro-pharmacies" able to deliver an anti-cancer protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boice
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darin Salloum
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frederic Mourcin
- INSERM U917, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Viraj Sanghvi
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rada Amin
- INSERM U917, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elisa Oricchio
- Swiss Institute for Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL SV-Batiment 19, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Man Jiang
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anja Mottok
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Denis-Lagache
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque, UMR 7276, Université de Limoges, 8700 Limoges, France
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility and Molecular Pharmacology Department, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sami N Malek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daisuke Ennishi
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michel Cogné
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque, UMR 7276, Université de Limoges, 8700 Limoges, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM U917, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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49
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B Lymphocytes in Multiple Sclerosis: Bregs and BTLA/CD272 Expressing-CD19+ Lymphocytes Modulate Disease Severity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29699. [PMID: 27412504 PMCID: PMC4944189 DOI: 10.1038/srep29699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by secreting antibodies and producing cytokines. This latter function was analyzed in myelin olygodendrocyte protein (MOG)-stimulated CD19+ B lymphocytes of 71 MS patients with different disease phenotypes and 40 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Results showed that: 1) CD19+/TNFα+, CD19+/IL-12+ and CD19+/IFNγ+ lymphocytes are significantly increased in primary progressive (PP) compared to secondary progressive (SP), relapsing-remitting (RR), benign (BE) MS and HC; 2) CD19+/IL-6+ lymphocytes are significantly increased in PP, SP and RR compared to BEMS and HC; and 3) CD19+/IL-13+, CD19+/IL-10+, and CD19+/IL-10+/TGFβ+ (Bregs) B lymphocytes are reduced overall in MS patients compared to HC. B cells expressing BTLA, a receptor whose binding to HVEM inhibits TcR-initiated cytokine production, as well as CD19+/BTLA+/IL-10+ cells were also significantly overall reduced in MS patients compared to HC. Analyses performed in RRMS showed that fingolimod-induced disease remission is associated with a significant increase in Bregs, CD19+/BTLA+, and CD19+/BTLA+/IL-10+ B lymphocytes. B lymphocytes participate to the pathogenesis of MS via the secretion of functionally-diverse cytokines that might play a role in determining disease phenotypes. The impairment of Bregs and CD19+/BTLA+ cells, in particular, could play an important pathogenic role in MS.
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50
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TNFRSF14 aberrations in follicular lymphoma increase clinically significant allogeneic T-cell responses. Blood 2016; 128:72-81. [PMID: 27103745 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-679191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor T-cell immune responses can eradicate lymphomas after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), but can also damage healthy tissues resulting in harmful graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Next-generation sequencing has recently identified many new genetic lesions in follicular lymphoma (FL). One such gene, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 14 (TNFRSF14), abnormal in 40% of FL patients, encodes the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) which limits T-cell activation via ligation of the B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator. As lymphoma B cells can act as antigen-presenting cells, we hypothesized that TNFRSF14 aberrations that reduce HVEM expression could alter the capacity of FL B cells to stimulate allogeneic T-cell responses and impact the outcome of AHSCT. In an in vitro model of alloreactivity, human lymphoma B cells with TNFRSF14 aberrations had reduced HVEM expression and greater alloantigen-presenting capacity than wild-type lymphoma B cells. The increased immune-stimulatory capacity of lymphoma B cells with TNFRSF14 aberrations had clinical relevance, associating with higher incidence of acute GVHD in patients undergoing AHSCT. FL patients with TNFRSF14 aberrations may benefit from more aggressive immunosuppression to reduce harmful GVHD after transplantation. Importantly, this study is the first to demonstrate the impact of an acquired genetic lesion on the capacity of tumor cells to stimulate allogeneic T-cell immune responses which may have wider consequences for adoptive immunotherapy strategies.
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