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Jin XY, Li DD, Quan W, Chao Y, Zhang B. Leaky gut, circulating immune complexes, arthralgia, and arthritis in IBD: coincidence or inevitability? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347901. [PMID: 38571963 PMCID: PMC10987687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Most host-microbiota interactions occur within the intestinal barrier, which is essential for separating the intestinal epithelium from toxins, microorganisms, and antigens in the gut lumen. Gut inflammation allows pathogenic bacteria to enter the blood stream, forming immune complexes which may deposit on organs. Despite increased circulating immune complexes (CICs) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and discussions among IBD experts regarding their potential pathogenic role in extra-intestinal manifestations, this phenomenon is overlooked because definitive evidence demonstrating CIC-induced extra-intestinal manifestations in IBD animal models is lacking. However, clinical observations of elevated CICs in newly diagnosed, untreated patients with IBD have reignited research into their potential pathogenic implications. Musculoskeletal symptoms are the most prevalent extra-intestinal IBD manifestations. CICs are pivotal in various arthritis forms, including reactive, rheumatoid, and Lyme arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Research indicates that intestinal barrier restoration during the pre-phase of arthritis could inhibit arthritis development. In the absence of animal models supporting extra-intestinal IBD manifestations, this paper aims to comprehensively explore the relationship between CICs and arthritis onset via a multifaceted analysis to offer a fresh perspective for further investigation and provide novel insights into the interplay between CICs and arthritis development in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-ya Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan-dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Chao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wen L, Bi D, Shen Y. Complement-mediated synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and involvement of risk factors. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:135-149. [PMID: 38129195 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is increasingly recognized as a key player in the synapse loss and cognitive impairments observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, the process of complement-dependent synaptic pruning through phagocytosis is over-activated in AD brains, driving detrimental excessive synapse elimination and contributing to synapse loss, which is the strongest neurobiological correlate of cognitive impairments in AD. Herein we review recent advances in characterizing complement-mediated synapse loss in AD, summarize the underlying mechanisms, and discuss the possible involvement of AD risk factors such as aging and various risk genes. We conclude with an overview of key questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Wen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Danlei Bi
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Tao Q, Zhang C, Mercier G, Lunetta K, Ang TFA, Akhter‐Khan S, Zhang Z, Taylor A, Killiany RJ, Alosco M, Mez J, Au R, Zhang X, Farrer LA, Qiu WWQ. Identification of an APOE ε4-specific blood-based molecular pathway for Alzheimer's disease risk. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12490. [PMID: 37854772 PMCID: PMC10579631 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The precise apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4-specific molecular pathway(s) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk are unclear. METHODS Plasma protein modules/cascades were analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the associations among protein modules, AD diagnoses, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and brain glucose metabolism, stratified by APOE genotype. RESULTS The Green Module was associated with AD diagnosis in APOE ε4 homozygotes. Three proteins from this module, C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, and complement factor H (CFH), had dose-dependent associations with CSF p-tau and cognitive impairment only in APOE ε4 homozygotes. The link among these three proteins and glucose hypometabolism was observed in brain regions of the default mode network (DMN) in APOE ε4 homozygotes. A Framingham Heart Study validation study supported the findings for AD. DISCUSSION The study identifies the APOE ε4-specific CRP-C3-CFH inflammation pathway for AD, suggesting potential drug targets for the disease.Highlights: Identification of an APOE ε4 specific molecular pathway involving blood CRP, C3, and CFH for the risk of AD.CRP, C3, and CFH had dose-dependent associations with CSF p-Tau and brain glucose hypometabolism as well as with cognitive impairment only in APOE ε4 homozygotes.Targeting CRP, C3, and CFH may be protective and therapeutic for AD onset in APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushan Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & BiophysicsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Section of Computational BiomedicineDepartment of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gustavo Mercier
- Section of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineDepartment of RadiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn Lunetta
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ting Fang Alvin Ang
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Samia Akhter‐Khan
- Department of Health Service & Population ResearchKing's College London, LondonDavid Goldberg CentreLondonUK
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & BiophysicsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Department of OphthalmologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ronald J. Killiany
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael Alosco
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease and CTE CentersBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Slone Epidemiology CenterSchool of Public HealthBoston University Medical Campus (BUMC)BostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Alzheimer's Disease and CTE CentersBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wendy Wei Qiao Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & BiophysicsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease and CTE CentersBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Martin M, Nilsson SC, Eikrem D, Fromell K, Scavenius C, Vogt LM, Bielecka E, Potempa J, Enghild JJ, Nilsson B, Ekdahl KN, Kapetanovic MC, Blom AM. Citrullination of C1-inhibitor as a mechanism of impaired complement regulation in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203506. [PMID: 37426666 PMCID: PMC10326043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated complement activation, increased protein citrullination, and production of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins are hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullination is induced by immune cell-derived peptidyl-Arg deiminases (PADs), which are overactivated in the inflamed synovium. We characterized the effect of PAD2- and PAD4-induced citrullination on the ability of the plasma-derived serpin C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) to inhibit complement and contact system activation. Methods Citrullination of the C1-INH was confirmed by ELISA and Western blotting using a biotinylated phenylglyoxal probe. C1-INH-mediated inhibition of complement activation was analyzed by C1-esterase activity assay. Downstream inhibition of complement was studied by C4b deposition on heat-aggregated IgGs by ELISA, using pooled normal human serum as a complement source. Inhibition of the contact system was investigated by chromogenic activity assays for factor XIIa, plasma kallikrein, and factor XIa. In addition, autoantibody reactivity to native and citrullinated C1-INH was measured by ELISA in 101 RA patient samples. Results C1-INH was efficiently citrullinated by PAD2 and PAD4. Citrullinated C1-INH was not able to bind the serine protease C1s and inhibit its activity. Citrullination of the C1-INH abrogated its ability to dissociate the C1-complex and thus inhibit complement activation. Consequently, citrullinated C1-INH had a decreased capacity to inhibit C4b deposition via the classical and lectin pathways. The inhibitory effect of C1-INH on the contact system components factor XIIa, plasma kallikrein, and factor XIa was also strongly reduced by citrullination. In RA patient samples, autoantibody binding to PAD2- and PAD4-citrullinated C1-INH was detected. Significantly more binding was observed in anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive than in ACPA-negative samples. Conclusion Citrullination of the C1-INH by recombinant human PAD2 and PAD4 enzymes impaired its ability to inhibit the complement and contact systems in vitro. Citrullination seems to render C1-INH more immunogenic, and citrullinated C1-INH might thus be an additional target of the autoantibody response observed in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Martin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sara C. Nilsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Eikrem
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Fromell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leonie M. Vogt
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ewa Bielecka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina N. Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnæus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Meliha C. Kapetanovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Chernyaeva L, Ratti G, Teirilä L, Fudo S, Rankka U, Pelkonen A, Korhonen P, Leskinen K, Keskitalo S, Salokas K, Gkolfinopoulou C, Crompton KE, Javanainen M, Happonen L, Varjosalo M, Malm T, Leinonen V, Chroni A, Saavalainen P, Meri S, Kajander T, Wollman AJ, Nissilä E, Haapasalo K. Reduced binding of apoE4 to complement factor H promotes amyloid-β oligomerization and neuroinflammation. EMBO Rep 2023:e56467. [PMID: 37155564 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The APOE4 variant of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the most prevalent genetic risk allele associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE interacts with complement regulator factor H (FH), but the role of this interaction in AD pathogenesis is unknown. Here we elucidate the mechanism by which isoform-specific binding of apoE to FH alters Aβ1-42-mediated neurotoxicity and clearance. Flow cytometry and transcriptomic analysis reveal that apoE and FH reduce binding of Aβ1-42 to complement receptor 3 (CR3) and subsequent phagocytosis by microglia which alters expression of genes involved in AD. Moreover, FH forms complement-resistant oligomers with apoE/Aβ1-42 complexes and the formation of these complexes is isoform specific with apoE2 and apoE3 showing higher affinity to FH than apoE4. These FH/apoE complexes reduce Aβ1-42 oligomerization and toxicity, and colocalize with complement activator C1q deposited on Aβ plaques in the brain. These findings provide an important mechanistic insight into AD pathogenesis and explain how the strongest genetic risk factor for AD predisposes for neuroinflammation in the early stages of the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Chernyaeva
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Laura Teirilä
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satoshi Fudo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Uni Rankka
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anssi Pelkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Leskinen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Salokas
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christina Gkolfinopoulou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Matti Javanainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Angeliki Chroni
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
| | - Tommi Kajander
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adam Jm Wollman
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Eija Nissilä
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karita Haapasalo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum and Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lilja S, Li X, Smelik M, Lee EJ, Loscalzo J, Marthanda PB, Hu L, Magnusson M, Sysoev O, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Sjöwall C, Gawel D, Wang H, Benson M. Multi-organ single-cell analysis reveals an on/off switch system with potential for personalized treatment of immunological diseases. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100956. [PMID: 36858042 PMCID: PMC10040389 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Prioritization of disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and drug targets in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) is complicated by altered interactions between thousands of genes. Our multi-organ single-cell RNA sequencing of a mouse IMID model, namely collagen-induced arthritis, shows highly complex and heterogeneous expression changes in all analyzed organs, even though only joints showed signs of inflammation. We organized those into a multi-organ multicellular disease model, which shows predicted molecular interactions within and between organs. That model supports that inflammation is switched on or off by altered balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory upstream regulators (URs) and downstream pathways. Meta-analyses of human IMIDs show a similar, but graded, on/off switch system. This system has the potential to prioritize, diagnose, and treat optimal combinations of URs on the levels of IMIDs, subgroups, and individual patients. That potential is supported by UR analyses in more than 600 sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lilja
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Mavatar, Inc, Vasagatan, 11120 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinxiu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Medical Digital Twin Research Group, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Smelik
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Medical Digital Twin Research Group, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Ganwong 26460, Korea
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pratheek Bellur Marthanda
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- The National Board of Health and Welfare, Socialstyrelsen, 11259 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oleg Sysoev
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yelin Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Medical Digital Twin Research Group, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Danuta Gawel
- Mavatar, Inc, Vasagatan, 11120 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Mikael Benson
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Medical Digital Twin Research Group, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Riedelová Z, de Los Santos Pereira A, Svoboda J, Pop-Georgievski O, Májek P, Pečánková K, Dyčka F, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Riedel T. The Relation Between Protein Adsorption and Hemocompatibility of Antifouling Polymer Brushes. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200247. [PMID: 35917216 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Whenever an artificial surface comes into contact with blood, proteins are rapidly adsorbed onto its surface. This phenomenon, termed fouling, is then followed by a series of undesired reactions involving activation of complement or the coagulation cascade and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets leading to thrombus formation. Thus, considerable efforts are directed towards the preparation of fouling-resistant surfaces with the best possible hemocompatibility. Herein, a comprehensive hemocompatibility study after heparinized blood contact with seven polymer brushes prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization is reported. The resistance to fouling is quantified and thrombus formation and deposition of blood cellular components on the coatings are analyzed. Moreover, identification of the remaining adsorbed proteins is performed via mass spectroscopy to elucidate their influence on the surface hemocompatibility. Compared with an unmodified glass surface, the grafting of polymer brushes minimizes the adhesion of platelets and leukocytes and prevents the thrombus formation. The fouling from undiluted blood plasma is reduced by up to 99%. Most of the identified proteins are connected with the initial events of foreign body reaction towards biomaterial (coagulation cascade proteins, complement component, and inflammatory proteins). In addition, several proteins that are not previously linked with blood-biomaterial interaction are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Riedelová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Andres de Los Santos Pereira
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Májek
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Pečánková
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Dyčka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.,DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tomáš Riedel
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
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8
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Habenicht LKL, Wang Z, Zhang X, Li Y, Mogler C, Huspenina JS, Schmid RM, Weber C, Mohanta SK, Ma Z, Yin C. The C1q-ApoE complex: A new hallmark pathology of viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970938. [PMID: 36304458 PMCID: PMC9592549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a high-affinity C1q-ApoE complex in human artery atherosclerotic intima lesions and in human amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's Disease brains defining a common pathogenetic pathway of two diverse diseases, i.e. atherosclerosis and dementia. C1q is the initiating and controlling protein of the classical complement cascade (CCC), which occupies a key role in multiple acute and chronic inflammatory tissue responses. C1q is largely produced by myeloid cells including Kupffer cells (KCs) and subsequently secreted into the circulation as an inactive preprotein. Its binding partner, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), is produced by KCs and hepatocytes and it is also secreted into the circulation, where it regulates essential steps of lipid transport. In addition to its major source, ApoE can be produced by non-liver cells including immune cells and multiple other cells depending on local tissue contexts. To initiate the CCC cascade, C1q must be activated by molecules as varied as oxidized lipids, amyloid fibrils, and immune complexes. However, ApoE is mute towards inactive C1q but binds at high-affinity to its activated form. Specifically, our studies revealed that ApoE is a CCC-specific checkpoint inhibitor via the formation of the C1q-ApoE complex. We proposed that it may arise in multiple if not all CCC-associated diseases and that its presence indicates ongoing CCC activity. Here, we turned to the liver to examine C1q-ApoE complexes in human B- and C-viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In addition, we used multidrug-resistance-2 gene-knockout (Mdr2-KO) mice as a model for inflammatory liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis. In normal murine and human livers, KCs were the major C1q-producing cell type while hepatocytes were the primary ApoE-forming cell type though the C1q-ApoE complex was rare or nonexistent. However, significant numbers of C1q-ApoE complexes formed in both Mdr2-KO, human viral hepatitis, and NAFLD around portal triads where immune cells had infiltrated the liver. Additionally, high numbers of C1q-ApoE complexes emerged in human livers in areas of extracellular lipid droplets across the entire liver parenchyma in NAFLD-affected patients. Thus, the C1q-ApoE complex is a new pathological hallmark of viral hepatitis B and C and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia K. L. Habenicht
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Slotta Huspenina
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Tissue biobank of the Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo K. Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhe Ma
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Changjun Yin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Laudanski K, Okeke T, Siddiq K, Hajj J, Restrepo M, Gullipalli D, Song WC. A disturbed balance between blood complement protective factors (FH, ApoE) and common pathway effectors (C5a, TCC) in acute COVID-19 and during convalesce. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13658. [PMID: 35953544 PMCID: PMC9366819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A complement effect on homeostasis during infection is determined by both cytotoxic (activate complement component 5 (C5a) terminal cytotoxic complex (TCC)), and cytoprotective elements (complement factor H (FH), as well as apolipoprotein E (ApoE)). Here, we investigated the gap in knowledge in their blood milieu during SARS-CoV-2 infection with respect to the viral burden, level of tissue necrosis, and immunological response. 101 patients hospitalized with a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 had blood collected at H1 (48 h), H2 (3-4 Days), H3 (5-7 days), H4 (more than 7 days up to 93 days). Pre-existing conditions, treatment, the incidence of cerebrovascular events (CVA), a history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and mortality was collected using electronic medical records. Plasma C5a, TCC, FH, and ApoE were considered as a complement milieu. Tissue necrosis (HMGB1, RAGE), non-specific inflammatory responses (IL-6, C-reactive protein), overall viral burden (SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), and specific immune responses (IgG, IgA, IgM directed αS- & N-proteins) were assessed simultaneously. C5a remained elevated across all time points, with the peak at 5-7 days. Studied elements of complement coalesced around three clusters: #0 (↑↑↑C5a, ↑↑TCC, ↓↓ApoE), #1 ↑C5a, ↑TCC, ↑↑↑FH); #2 (↑C5a, ↑TCC, ↑FH, ↑↑↑ApoE). The decline in FH and ApoE was a predictor of death, while TCC and C5a correlated with patient length of stay, APACHE, and CRP. Increased levels of C5a (Δ = 122.64; p = 0.0294; data not shown) and diminished levels of FH (Δ = 836,969; p = 0.0285; data not shown) co-existed with CVA incidence. C5a correlated storngly with blood RAGE and HMGB1, but not with viral load and immunological responsiveness. Remdesivir positively affected FH preservation, while convalescent plasma treatment elevated C5a levels. Three clusters of complement activation demonstrated a various milieu of ApoE & FH vs C5a & TCC in COVID-19 patients. Complement activation is linked to increased necrosis markers but not to viral burden or immune system response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, The University of Pennsylvania Colonial Penn Center, 3641 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Tony Okeke
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kumal Siddiq
- College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jihane Hajj
- School of Nursing, Widener College, Chester, PA, USA
| | - Mariana Restrepo
- College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Damodar Gullipalli
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Qin Q, Wang M, Yin Y, Tang Y. The Specific Mechanism of TREM2 Regulation of Synaptic Clearance in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845897. [PMID: 35663962 PMCID: PMC9160359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Synaptic dysfunction is an integral feature of AD pathophysiology and a significant factor in early cognitive impairment in AD. Microglia, which are intrinsic immune cells in the central nervous system, play important regulatory roles in the process of synapse formation. Microglia can refine synaptic connections through synaptic clearance to ensure accurate synaptic transmission. Synaptic clearance is not only existed during central nervous system development but also aberrantly activated during AD pathology. However, the mechanisms of synaptic clearance in AD remain to be investigated. TREM2 is involved in the synaptic clearance of microglia, acting alone or with other molecules, such as apolipoprotein E (APOE). In addition, C1q is essential for microglia-mediated synaptic clearance. In this review, we systematically summarized the potential mechanisms of microglia involved in synaptic clearance, comprehensively reviewed the role of TREM2 in microglia regulating synaptic clearance and proposed our hypothesis that TREM2 interacts with APOE and C1q to promote synaptic clearance. This review provides new insights into the role of TREM2 regulation in microglia synaptic clearance and provides potential prospects for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsi Yin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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11
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Son M. Understanding the contextual functions of C1q and LAIR-1 and their applications. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:567-572. [PMID: 35562585 PMCID: PMC9098383 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the complement component C1q has been highlighted by its involvement in autoimmunity, infection, inflammatory diseases, and tumors. The unique tulip-like structure of C1q has both a collagen-like stalk (C1q tail) and heterotrimeric globular head (gC1q), each with different binding specificities, and the binding of these components to their respective receptors leads to functional complexities in the body and bridges innate and adaptive immunity. This review describes the fundamental roles of C1q in various microenvironments and focuses on the importance of the interactions of C1q and its receptors with the inhibitory receptor LAIR-1 in maintaining homeostasis. Current therapeutic opportunities modulating LAIR-1 are also discussed. Research into the activities of the protein C1q, involved in a cascade of molecular interactions of the immune response called complement activation, is revealing new details of the protein’s role and opening up possible new therapeutic opportunities. Myoungsun Son at Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research in Manhasset, USA, reviews the involvement of C1q in infection, autoimmunity, inflammatory diseases and tumors. The interaction of C1q with a receptor protein called LAIR-1 seems to be particularly significant. LAIR-1 is present in the membrane of most blood-forming cells and is involved in maintaining the healthy balance of cellular activities referred to as homeostasis. Emerging research suggests that targeting the interactions between C1q and LAIR-1 could enable the development of new treatments for many diseases, including inflammatory diseases, the autoimmune condition lupus, a variety of cancers, and possibly Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungsun Son
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.
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12
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Feng Q, Xia W, Wang S, Dai G, Jiao W, Guo N, Li H, Zhang G. Etodolac improves collagen induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats by inhibiting synovial inflammation, fibrosis and hyperplasia. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:33. [PMID: 35006449 PMCID: PMC8607370 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial hyperplasia is the main cause of chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the mechanism of synovial hyperplasia is still unclear. Etodolac (ETD) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor for relieving pain and stiffness in RA, but the disease modifying effect is still lack of evidence. Proteomics method was used to study the differential proteome of synovial tissue in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. With the help of STRING analysis, the upregulated proteins enriched in the cluster of complement and coagulation cascades and platelet degranulation were highlighted, these proteins with fibrogenic factors Lum, CIV, CXI and Tgfbi participated in the synovial inflammation, fibrosis and hyperplasia in CIA. Based on KOG function class analysis, the proteins involved in the events of the central dogma was explored. They might be hyperplasia related proteins for most of them are related to the proliferation of cancer. ETD significantly attenuated synovial inflammation, fibrosis and hyperplasia in CIA rats by downregulating these proteins. Several proteins have not been observed in RA so far, such as Tmsb4x, Pura, Nfic, Ruvbl1, Snrpd3, U2af2, Srrm2, Srsf7, Elavl1, Hnrnph1, Wars, Yars, Bzw2, Mcts1, Eif4b, Ctsh, Lamp1, Dpp7, Ptges3, Cdc37 and Septin9, they might be potentials targets for RA. Blood biochemistry tests showed the safety of 7 months use of ETD on rats. In conclusion, present study displayed a comprehensive mechanism of synovial hyperplasia in CIA rats, on this basis, the clinical value of ETD in the treatment of RA was well confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Shenglan Wang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guoxin Dai
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Weimei Jiao
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Na Guo
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Honghua Li
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China. .,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China. .,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.
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13
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Onishchenko N, Tretiakova D, Vodovozova E. Spotlight on the protein corona of liposomes. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:57-78. [PMID: 34364016 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although an established drug delivery platform, liposomes have not fulfilled their true potential. In the body, interactions of liposomes are mediated by the layer of plasma proteins adsorbed on the surface, the protein corona. The review aims to collect the data of the last decade on liposome protein corona, tracing the path from interactions of individual proteins to the effects mediated by the protein corona in vivo. It offers a classification of the approaches to exploitation of the protein corona-rather than elimination thereof-based on the bilayer composition-corona composition-molecular interactions-biological performance framework. The multitude of factors that affect each level of this relationship urge to the widest implementation of bioinformatics tools to predict the most effective liposome compositions relying on the data on protein corona. Supplementing the picture with new pieces of accurately reported experimental data will contribute to the accuracy and efficiency of the predictions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The review focuses on liposomes as an established nanomedicine platform and analyzes the available data on how the protein corona formed on liposome surface in biological fluids affects performance of the liposomes. The review offers a rigorous account of existing literature and critical analysis of methodology currently applied to the assessment of liposome-plasma protein interactions. It introduces a classification of the approaches to exploitation of the protein corona and tailoring liposome carriers to advance the field of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the benefit of patients.
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14
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Panitch R, Hu J, Chung J, Zhu C, Meng G, Xia W, Bennett DA, Lunetta KL, Ikezu T, Au R, Stein TD, Farrer LA, Jun GR. Integrative brain transcriptome analysis links complement component 4 and HSPA2 to the APOE ε2 protective effect in Alzheimer disease. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6054-6064. [PMID: 34480088 PMCID: PMC8758485 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the protective effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 against Alzheimer disease (AD) are not well understood. We analyzed gene expression data derived from autopsied brains donated by 982 individuals including 135 APOE ɛ2/ɛ3 carriers. Complement pathway genes C4A and C4B were among the most significantly differentially expressed genes between ɛ2/ɛ3 AD cases and controls. We also identified an APOE ε2/ε3 AD-specific co-expression network enriched for astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells containing the genes C4A, C4B, and HSPA2. These genes were significantly associated with the ratio of phosphorylated tau at position 231 to total Tau but not with amyloid-β 42 level, suggesting this APOE ɛ2 related co-expression network may primarily be involved with tau pathology. HSPA2 expression was oligodendrocyte-specific and significantly associated with C4B protein. Our findings provide the first evidence of a crucial role of the complement pathway in the protective effect of APOE ε2 for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Panitch
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junming Hu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaoyuan Meng
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Impact of Posttranslational Modification in Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focusing on Citrullination, Carbamylation, and Acetylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910576. [PMID: 34638916 PMCID: PMC8508717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by prolonged periodic interactions between genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as citrullination, carbamylation, and acetylation are correlated with the pathogenesis of RA. PTM and cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, NETosis, leukotoxic hypercitrullination (LTH), and necrosis are related to each other and induce autoantigenicity. Certain microbial infections, such as those caused by Porphyromonasgingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella copri, can induce autoantigens in RA. Anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA) containing anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs), anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies, and anti-acetylated protein antibodies (AAPAs) play a role in pathogenesis as well as in prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. Interestingly, smoking is correlated with both PTMs and AMPAs in the development of RA. However, there is lack of evidence that smoking induces the generation of AMPAs.
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16
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Tariq S, Van Eeden C, Tervaert JWC, Osman MS. COVID-19, rheumatic diseases and immune dysregulation-a perspective. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:433-442. [PMID: 33411143 PMCID: PMC7788381 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread hospitalisations and deaths around the world. As patients with rheumatic diseases generally have increased risk of infections and complications, understandably, there is significant concern of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on these patients. However, there is a paucity of data in rheumatic patients. We review mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 results in infection, including ACE2 receptor, and complications (including immune dysregulation, thrombosis and complement activation). We assess these pathways in patients with rheumatic disease and those on immune modulating therapy. Although data thus far does not appear to show worse outcomes in rheumatic patients as a whole, given alterations in the underlying immune pathways in certain diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus), we posit that the risk is not equal in all rheumatic patients. We also discuss the benefit of underlying disease control with respect to COVID-19 risk reduction and potential increased risk of disease flares following viral infection from an immune standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahna Tariq
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 8-130 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Charmaine Van Eeden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 8-130 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 8-130 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Mohammed S Osman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 8-130 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada.
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