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Jafarzadeh A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M, Yoshimura A. The Interplay Between Helicobacter pylori and Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Molecules in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Induction of Immune Response. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13105. [PMID: 38924222 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the stomach and leads to the secretion of a vast range of cytokines by infiltrated leukocytes directing immune/inflammatory response against the bacterium. To regulate immune/inflammatory responses, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins bind to multiple signaling components located downstream of cytokine receptors, such as Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Dysfunctional SOCS proteins in immune cells may facilitate the immune evasion of H. pylori, allowing the bacteria to induce chronic inflammation. Dysregulation of SOCS expression and function can contribute to the sustained H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation which can lead to gastric cancer (GC) development. Among SOCS molecules, dysregulated expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 were indicated in H. pylori-infected individuals as well as in GC tissues and cells. H. pylori-induced SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 dysregulation can contribute to the GC development. The expression of SOCS molecules can be influenced by various factors, such as epigenetic DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and gene polymorphisms. Modulation of the expression of SOCS molecules in gastric epithelial cells and immune cells can be considered to control gastric carcinogenesis as well as regulate antitumor immune responses, respectively. This review aimed to explain the interplay between H. pylori and SOCS molecules in GC development and immune response induction as well as to provide insights regarding potential therapeutic strategies modulating SOCS molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Thilakasiri P, O'Keefe RN, To SQ, Chisanga D, Eissmann MF, Carli ALE, Duscio B, Baloyan D, Dmello RS, Williams D, Mariadason J, Poh AR, Pal B, Kile BT, Vissers JH, Harvey KF, Buchert M, Shi W, Ernst M, Chand AL. Mechanisms of cellular crosstalk in the gastric tumor microenvironment are mediated by YAP1 and STAT3. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302411. [PMID: 37957015 PMCID: PMC10643184 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the Hippo pathway is a driver for cancer progression and treatment resistance. In the context of gastric cancer, YAP1 is a biomarker for poor patient prognosis. Although genomic tumor profiling provides information of Hippo pathway activation, the present study demonstrates that inhibition of Yap1 activity has anti-tumor effects in gastric tumors driven by oncogenic mutations and inflammatory cytokines. We show that Yap1 is a key regulator of cell metabolism, proliferation, and immune responses in normal and neoplastic gastric epithelium. We propose that the Hippo pathway is targetable across gastric cancer subtypes and its therapeutic benefits are likely to be mediated by both cancer cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Thilakasiri
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Ryan N O'Keefe
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Sarah Q To
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Moritz F Eissmann
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Annalisa LE Carli
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Belinda Duscio
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - David Baloyan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Rhynelle S Dmello
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - David Williams
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - John Mariadason
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Bhupinder Pal
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Kieran F Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Ashwini L Chand
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
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Luo S, Ru J, Mirzaei MK, Xue J, Peng X, Ralser A, Mejías-Luque R, Gerhard M, Deng L. Gut virome profiling identifies an association between temperate phages and colorectal cancer promoted by Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2257291. [PMID: 37747149 PMCID: PMC10578192 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2257291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. While a close correlation between chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and CRC has been reported, the role of the virome has been overlooked. Here, we infected Apc-mutant mouse models and C57BL/6 mice with H. pylori and conducted a comprehensive metagenomics analysis of H. pylori-induced changes in lower gastrointestinal tract bacterial and viral communities. We observed an expansion of temperate phages in H. pylori infected Apc+/1638N mice at the early stage of carcinogenesis. Some of the temperate phages were predicted to infect bacteria associated with CRC, including Enterococcus faecalis. We also observed a high prevalence of virulent genes, such as flgJ, cwlJ, and sleB, encoded by temperate phages. In addition, we identified phages associated with pre-onset and onset of H. pylori-promoted carcinogenesis. Through co-occurrence network analysis, we found strong associations between the viral and bacterial communities in infected mice before the onset of carcinogenesis. These findings suggest that the expansion of temperate phages, possibly caused by prophage induction triggered by H. pylori infection, may have contributed to the development of CRC in mice by interacting with the bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Luo
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jinlong Ru
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jinling Xue
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Xue Peng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Ralser
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Milito C, Pulvirenti F, Garzi G, Sculco E, Cinetto F, Firinu D, Lagnese G, Punziano A, Discardi C, Costanzo G, Felice C, Spadaro G, Ferrari S, Quinti I. Decline of gastric cancer mortality in common variable immunodeficiency in the years 2018-2022. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231242. [PMID: 37868983 PMCID: PMC10587402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency, malignancy has been reported as the leading cause of death in adults, with a high risk of B-cell lymphomas and gastric cancer. Methods We conducted a five-year prospective study aiming to update the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer and the incidence of gastric precancerous lesions in 512 CVID patients who underwent a total of 400 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Results In the pre-pandemic period, 0.58 endoscopies were performed per patient/year and in the COVID-19 period, 0.39 endoscopies were performed per patient/year. Histology revealed areas with precancerous lesions in about a third of patients. Patients who had more than one gastroscopy during the study period were more likely to have precancerous lesions. Two patients received a diagnosis of gastric cancer in the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection. The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in biopsy specimens was 19.8% and related only to active gastritis. Among patients who had repeated gastroscopies, about 20% progressed to precancerous lesions, mostly independent of Helicobacter pylori. Discussion While gastric cancer accounted for one in five deaths from CVID in our previous survey, no gastric cancer deaths were recorded in the past five years, likely consistent with the decline in stomach cancer mortality observed in the general population. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer screening has been delayed. Whether such a delay or true decline could be the reason for the lack of gastric cancer detection seen in CVID may become clear in the coming years. Due to the high incidence of precancerous lesions, we cannot rely on observed and predicted trends in gastric cancer mortality and strongly recommend tailored surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Pulvirenti
- Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Garzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sculco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cinetto
- Rare Diseases Referral Center, Internal Medicine 1, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lagnese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Punziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Discardi
- Rare Diseases Referral Center, Internal Medicine 1, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Felice
- Rare Diseases Referral Center, Internal Medicine 1, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Ferrari
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Motta-Raymundo A, Rosmaninho P, Santos DF, Ferreira RD, Silva SP, Ferreira C, Sousa AE, Silva SL. Contribution of Helicobacter pylori to the Inflammatory Complications of Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834137. [PMID: 35711410 PMCID: PMC9193800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), the most prevalent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, is frequently associated with severe inflammatory complications that determine its morbidity and mortality. We hypothesize that Helicobacter pylori (HP), a very common worldwide infection, may contribute to the clinical and immune phenotype of CVID. We stratified 41 CVID patients into HP+ (n=26) and HPneg (n=15) groups, according to previous urease breath test and/or gastric biopsies, and compared their clinical manifestations and immune profile evaluated by flow cytometry. No genetic variants with known potential impact in HP infection were found upon WES/WGS. Gastric complications were significantly more frequent in HP+ patients. Importantly, the six CVID patients with gastric cancer were infected with HP. In contrast, a significantly higher frequency of cytopenias was observed in the HPneg. Moreover, HP+ did not feature higher prevalence of organ auto-immunity, as well as of lung, liver or intestinal inflammatory manifestations. We observed the same B-cell profiles in HP+ and HPneg groups, accompanied by marked CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation, increased IFNγ production, and contraction of naïve compartments. Notably, HP+ patients featured low CD25 despite preserved Foxp3 levels in CD4 T cells. Overall, HP impact in CVID inflammatory complications was mainly restricted to the gastric mucosa, contributing to increased incidence of early onset gastric cancer. Thus, early HP screening and eradication should be performed in all CVID patients irrespective of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Motta-Raymundo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rosmaninho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana F. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ruben D. Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara P. Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana E. Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana L. Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Susana L. Silva,
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Gastric Non-Helicobacter pylori Urease-Positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus salivarius Isolated from Humans Have Contrasting Effects on H. pylori-Associated Gastric Pathology and Host Immune Responses in a Murine Model of Gastric Cancer. mSphere 2022; 7:e0077221. [PMID: 35138124 PMCID: PMC8826947 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00772-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In populations with similar prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, cancer risk can vary dramatically. Changes in composition or structure of bacterial communities in the stomach, either at the time of exposure or over the course of H. pylori infection, may contribute to gastric pathology. In this study, a population of 37 patients from the low-gastric-cancer-risk (LGCR) region of Tumaco, Colombia, and the high-gastric-cancer-risk (HGCR) region of Túquerres, Colombia, were recruited for gastric endoscopy. Antral biopsy specimens were processed for histology and bacterial isolation. Fifty-nine distinct species among 26 genera were isolated by aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerobic culture and confirmed by 16S rRNA analysis. Urease-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus salivarius were frequently isolated from gastric biopsy specimens. We asked whether coinfection of H. pylori with urease-positive S. salivarius and/or S. epidermidis had a demonstrable effect on H. pylori-induced gastritis in the germfree (GF) INS-GAS mouse model. Coinfections with S. salivarius and/or S. epidermidis did not affect gastric H. pylori colonization. At 5 months postinfection, GF INS-GAS mice coinfected with H. pylori and S. salivarius had statistically higher pathological scores in the stomachs than mice infected with H. pylori only or H. pylori with S. epidermidis (P < 0.05). S. epidermidis coinfection with H. pylori did not significantly change stomach pathology, but levels of the proinflammatory cytokine genes Il-1β, Il-17A , and Il-22 were significantly lower than in H. pylori-monoinfected mice. This study demonstrates that non-H. pylori urease-positive bacteria may play a role in the severity of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer in humans. IMPORTANCE Chronic infection with H. pylori is the main cause of gastric cancer, which is a global health problem. In two Colombian populations with high levels of H. pylori prevalence, the regional gastric cancer rates are considerably different. Host genetic background, H. pylori biotype, environmental toxins, and dietary choices are among the known risk factors for stomach cancer. The potential role of non-H. pylori gastric microbiota in gastric carcinogenesis is being increasingly recognized. In this study, we isolated 59 bacterial species from 37 stomach biopsy samples of Colombian patients from both low-gastric-cancer-risk and high-gastric-cancer-risk regions. Urease-positive S. epidermidis and S. salivarius commonly cultured from the stomachs, along with H. pylori, were inoculated into germfree INS-GAS mice. S. salivarius coinfection with H. pylori induced significantly higher gastric pathology than in H. pylori-monoinfected mice, whereas S. epidermidis coinfection caused significantly lower H. pylori-induced proinflammatory cytokine responses than in H. pylori-monoinfected mice. This study reinforces the argument that the non-H. pylori stomach microflora play a role in the severity of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Rasool KH, Mahmood Alubadi AE, Al-Bayati IFI. The role of Serum Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-6 in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105362. [PMID: 34942310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacteria that colonizes the gastrointestinal mucosa and causes chronic inflammation. AIMS There are several studies related to cytokines concentrations in H. pylori infection, but there is no study that clarifies the role of IL-4 and IL-6 together in H. pylori infection. SUBJECTS and methods: A total of (65) individuals, (25) healthy controls and (40) patients with H. pylori infection which are submitted to the hepato-gastrointestinal unit of AL-Imamian Al-Kadhimiyain medical hospital city in Baghdad consulted and diagnosed by traditional ways. In addition, the diagnosis was confirmed by ELISA Helicobacter pylori IgG kit. IL-4 and IL-6 levels were also assessed by using ELISA kits, according to the manufactures procedures. RESULTS Significant increase of IL-4 and IL-6 concentration in seropositive patients compared with seronegative controls. CONCLUSION Our findings and previous researches indicate that the immune response of gastric mucosa to H. pylori varies among patients. It depends on the stage of infection, and increases the cytokines secretion in the chronic stage, which is expected because of increased immune cell infiltration at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khetam Habeeb Rasool
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
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8
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Ming S, Yin H, Li X, Gong S, Zhang G, Wu Y. GITR Promotes the Polarization of TFH-Like Cells in Helicobacter pylori-Positive Gastritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:736269. [PMID: 34589088 PMCID: PMC8475268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric CD4+T cells contribute to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastritis by amplifying mucosal inflammation and exacerbating mucosal injuries. However, the pathogenic CD4+ T cell subset involved in gastritis and the potential regulators are still unclear. Here we identified an IL-21-producing gastric CD4+T cell subset, which exhibited tissue-resident CXCR5−BTLA−PD-1hi TFH-like phenotype in H. pylori-positive gastritis patients. Meanwhile, we identified glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) as an important regulator to facilitate IL-21 production by CD4+T cells and accelerate mucosal inflammation in gastritis patients with H. pylori infection. Moreover, GITR expression was increased in gastric CD4+T cells of gastritis patients compared to healthy controls, along with the upregulated expression of its ligand GITRL in mucosal macrophages (Mϕ) of gastritis patients. Further observations showed that the activation of GITR/GITRL signal promoted the IL-21 production of CD4+T cells via the STAT3 pathway. Besides this, IL-21 from CD4+T cells induced the proliferation of B cell and promoted the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 and chemokines MIP-3α and CCL-25 as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 by human gastric epithelial cells, suggesting the facilitating effect of IL-21-producing CD4+T cells on mucosal inflammation and injuries. Taking these data together, we revealed that GITR/GITRL signal promoted the polarization of mucosal IL-21-producing CD4+T cells in H. pylori-positive gastritis, which may provide therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of H. pylori-induced gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ming
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Yin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Gu SY, Cao XJ, Feng Y, Wei QQ, Liang JQ, Xie LM, Liu YL, Feng HY, Guo XG. Identification of hub genes and signaling pathways related to gastric cells infected by Helicobacter pylori. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104932. [PMID: 33964417 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen involved in several gastroduodenal diseases, whose infection mechanisms have not been completely confirmed. To study the specific mechanism of gastropathy caused by H. pylori, we analyzed the gene microarray of gastric mucosa and gastric cells infected by H. pylori through bioinformatics analysis. METHODS We downloaded GSE60427 and GSE74492 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and identified the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) through R software. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was applied to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape was used to identify the top seven hub genes. Besides, we also constructed the gene-microRNA(gene-miRNA) interaction through the miRTarBase v8.0 database by using the NetworkAnalyst tool. RESULTS One hundred and fifteen DEGs were screened out, with 54 genes up-regulated and 61 genes down-regulated, among which seven hub genes, including "IGF1R," "APOE," "IRS1," "ATF3," "LCN2," "IL2RG," and "PI3," were considered as the main regulatory proteins in gastric cells when infected by H. pylori. CONCLUSION In this study, hub genes and related signal enrichment pathways of gastropathy infected by H. pylori were analyzed through bioinformatics analysis based on the GSE60427 and GSE74492 datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xun-Jie Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Jingxiu Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qing-Qian Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li-Min Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ye-Ling Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hui-Yin Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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