1
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Schlotheuber LJ, Lüchtefeld I, Eyer K. Antibodies, repertoires and microdevices in antibody discovery and characterization. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1207-1225. [PMID: 38165819 PMCID: PMC10898418 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00887h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are paramount in treating a wide range of diseases, particularly in auto-immunity, inflammation and cancer, and novel antibody candidates recognizing a vast array of novel antigens are needed to expand the usefulness and applications of these powerful molecules. Microdevices play an essential role in this challenging endeavor at various stages since many general requirements of the overall process overlap nicely with the general advantages of microfluidics. Therefore, microfluidic devices are rapidly taking over various steps in the process of new candidate isolation, such as antibody characterization and discovery workflows. Such technologies can allow for vast improvements in time-lines and incorporate conservative antibody stability and characterization assays, but most prominently screenings and functional characterization within integrated workflows due to high throughput and standardized workflows. First, we aim to provide an overview of the challenges of developing new therapeutic candidates, their repertoires and requirements. Afterward, this review focuses on the discovery of antibodies using microfluidic systems, technological aspects of micro devices and small-scale antibody protein characterization and selection, as well as their integration and implementation into antibody discovery workflows. We close with future developments in microfluidic detection and antibody isolation principles and the field in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Johannes Schlotheuber
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ines Lüchtefeld
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- ETH Laboratory for Tumor and Stem Cell Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, D-BIOL, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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2
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Wang Z, Huang AS, Tang L, Wang J, Wang G. Microfluidic-assisted single-cell RNA sequencing facilitates the development of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:642-657. [PMID: 38165771 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
As a class of antibodies that specifically bind to a virus and block its entry, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (neutralizing mAbs) have been recognized as a top choice for combating COVID-19 due to their high specificity and efficacy in treating serious infections. Although conventional approaches for neutralizing mAb development have been optimized for decades, there is an urgent need for workflows with higher efficiency due to time-sensitive concerns, including the high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2. One promising approach is the identification of neutralizing mAb candidates via single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), as each B cell has a unique transcript sequence corresponding to its secreted antibody. The state-of-the-art high-throughput single-cell sequencing technologies, which have been greatly facilitated by advances in microfluidics, have greatly accelerated the process of neutralizing mAb development. Here, we provide an overview of the general procedures for high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq enabled by breakthroughs in droplet microfluidics, introduce revolutionary approaches that combine single-cell RNA-seq to facilitate the development of neutralizing mAbs against SARS-CoV-2, and outline future steps that need to be taken to further improve development strategies for effective treatments against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Amelia Siqi Huang
- Dalton Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingfang Tang
- Dalton Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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3
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Gaa R, Ji Q, Doerner A. Antibody-Secreting Cell Isolation from Different Species for Microfluidic Antibody Hit Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2681:313-325. [PMID: 37405655 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3279-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of microfluidic-assisted antibody hit discovery as standard methodology accelerated pharmaceutical research. While work on compatible recombinant antibody library approaches is ongoing, the major source of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) remains to be primary B cells of mostly rodent origin. As fainting viability and secretion rates can lead to false-negative screening results, careful preparation of these cells is an essential prerequisite for successful hit discovery. We here describe procedures to enrich plasma cells from relevant tissues of mice and rats and plasmablasts from human blood donations. Although freshly prepared ASCs yield the most robust results, suitable freezing and thawing protocols to preserve the viability and antibody secretory function can circumvent extensive process time and allow transferring of samples between laboratories. An optimized procedure is described to yield similar secretion rates after prolonged storage when compared to freshly prepared cells. Finally, the identification of ASC-containing samples can increase the probability of success of droplet-based microfluidics-two methods for pre- or in-droplet staining are described. In summary, the preparative methods described herein can facilitate robust and successful microfluidic antibody hit discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Gaa
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Qingyong Ji
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
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4
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Broketa M, Bruhns P. Single-Cell Technologies for the Study of Antibody-Secreting Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:821729. [PMID: 35173713 PMCID: PMC8841722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.821729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASC), plasmablasts and plasma cells, are terminally differentiated B cells responsible for large-scale production and secretion of antibodies. ASC are derived from activated B cells, which may differentiate extrafollicularly or form germinal center (GC) reactions within secondary lymphoid organs. ASC therefore consist of short-lived, poorly matured plasmablasts that generally secrete lower-affinity antibodies, or long-lived, highly matured plasma cells that generally secrete higher-affinity antibodies. The ASC population is responsible for producing an immediate humoral B cell response, the polyclonal antibody repertoire, as well as in parallel building effective humoral memory and immunity, or potentially driving pathology in the case of autoimmunity. ASC are phenotypically and transcriptionally distinct from other B cells and further distinguishable by morphology, varied lifespans, and anatomical localization. Single cell analyses are required to interrogate the functional and transcriptional diversity of ASC and their secreted antibody repertoire and understand the contribution of individual ASC responses to the polyclonal humoral response. Here we summarize the current and emerging functional and molecular techniques for high-throughput characterization of ASC with single cell resolution, including flow and mass cytometry, spot-based and microfluidic-based assays, focusing on functional approaches of the secreted antibodies: specificity, affinity, and secretion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Broketa
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Matteo Broketa, ; Pierre Bruhns,
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Matteo Broketa, ; Pierre Bruhns,
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5
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Miwa H, Dimatteo R, de Rutte J, Ghosh R, Di Carlo D. Single-cell sorting based on secreted products for functionally defined cell therapies. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:84. [PMID: 35874174 PMCID: PMC9303846 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapies have emerged as a promising new class of "living" therapeutics over the last decade and have been particularly successful for treating hematological malignancies. Increasingly, cellular therapeutics are being developed with the aim of treating almost any disease, from solid tumors and autoimmune disorders to fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders and even aging itself. However, their therapeutic potential has remained limited due to the fundamental differences in how molecular and cellular therapies function. While the structure of a molecular therapeutic is directly linked to biological function, cells with the same genetic blueprint can have vastly different functional properties (e.g., secretion, proliferation, cell killing, migration). Although there exists a vast array of analytical and preparative separation approaches for molecules, the functional differences among cells are exacerbated by a lack of functional potency-based sorting approaches. In this context, we describe the need for next-generation single-cell profiling microtechnologies that allow the direct evaluation and sorting of single cells based on functional properties, with a focus on secreted molecules, which are critical for the in vivo efficacy of current cell therapies. We first define three critical processes for single-cell secretion-based profiling technology: (1) partitioning individual cells into uniform compartments; (2) accumulating secretions and labeling via reporter molecules; and (3) measuring the signal associated with the reporter and, if sorting, triggering a sorting event based on these reporter signals. We summarize recent academic and commercial technologies for functional single-cell analysis in addition to sorting and industrial applications of these technologies. These approaches fall into three categories: microchamber, microfluidic droplet, and lab-on-a-particle technologies. Finally, we outline a number of unmet needs in terms of the discovery, design and manufacturing of cellular therapeutics and how the next generation of single-cell functional screening technologies could allow the realization of robust cellular therapeutics for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Miwa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Robert Dimatteo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Joseph de Rutte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Partillion Bioscience, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Rajesh Ghosh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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6
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Molari M, Monasson R, Cocco S. Survival probability and size of lineages in antibody affinity maturation. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:052413. [PMID: 34134280 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.052413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Affinity maturation (AM) is the process through which the immune system is able to develop potent antibodies against new pathogens it encounters, and is at the base of the efficacy of vaccines. At its core AM is analogous to a Darwinian evolutionary process, where B cells mutate and are selected on the base of their affinity for an antigen (Ag), and Ag availability tunes the selective pressure. In cases when this selective pressure is high, the number of B cells might quickly decrease and the population might risk extinction in what is known as a population bottleneck. Here we study the probability for a B-cell lineage to survive this bottleneck scenario as a function of the progenitor affinity for the Ag. Using recursive relations and probability generating functions we derive expressions for the average extinction time and progeny size for lineages that go extinct. We then extend our results to the full population, both in the absence and presence of competition for T-cell help, and quantify the population survival probability as a function of Ag concentration and initial population size. Our study suggests the population bottleneck phenomenology might represent a limit case in the space of biologically plausible maturation scenarios, whose characterization could help guide the process of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Molari
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, PSL University, CNRS UMR8023, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Monasson
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, PSL University, CNRS UMR8023, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Simona Cocco
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, PSL University, CNRS UMR8023, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Bucheli OTM, Sigvaldadóttir I, Eyer K. Measuring single-cell protein secretion in immunology: Technologies, advances, and applications. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1334-1347. [PMID: 33734428 PMCID: PMC8252417 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics, nature, strength, and ultimately protective capabilities of an active immune response are determined by the extracellular constitution and concentration of various soluble factors. Generated effector cells secrete such mediators, including antibodies, chemo‐ and cytokines to achieve functionality. These secreted factors organize the individual immune cells into functional tissues, initiate, orchestrate, and regulate the immune response. Therefore, a single‐cell resolved analysis of protein secretion is a valuable tool for studying the heterogeneity and functionality of immune cells. This review aims to provide a comparative overview of various methods to characterize immune reactions by measuring single‐cell protein secretion. Spot‐based and cytometry‐based assays, such as ELISpot and flow cytometry, respectively, are well‐established methods applied in basic research and clinical settings. Emerging novel technologies, such as microfluidic platforms, offer new ways to measure and exploit protein secretion in immune reactions. Further technological advances will allow the deciphering of protein secretion in immunological responses with unprecedented detail, linking secretion to functionality. Here, we summarize the development and recent advances of tools that allow the analysis of protein secretion at the single‐cell level, and discuss and contrast their applications within immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia T M Bucheli
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ingibjörg Sigvaldadóttir
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Gaa R, Menang-Ndi E, Pratapa S, Nguyen C, Kumar S, Doerner A. Versatile and rapid microfluidics-assisted antibody discovery. MAbs 2021; 13:1978130. [PMID: 34586015 PMCID: PMC8489958 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1978130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen unparalleled development of microfluidic applications for antibody discovery in both academic and pharmaceutical research. Microfluidics can support native chain-paired library generation as well as direct screening of antibody secreting cells obtained by rodent immunization or from the human peripheral blood. While broad diversities of neutralizing antibodies against infectious diseases such as HIV, Ebola, or COVID-19 have been identified from convalescent individuals, microfluidics can expedite therapeutic antibody discovery for cancer or immunological disease indications. In this study, a commercially available microfluidic device, Cyto-Mine, was used for the rapid identification of natively paired antibodies from rodents or human donors screened for specific binding to recombinant antigens, for direct screening with cells expressing the target of interest, and, to our knowledge for the first time, for direct broad functional IgG antibody screening in droplets. The process time from cell preparation to confirmed recombinant antibodies was four weeks. Application of this or similar microfluidic devices and methodologies can accelerate and enhance pharmaceutical antibody hit discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Gaa
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Menang-Ndi
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shruti Pratapa
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Bounab Y, Eyer K, Dixneuf S, Rybczynska M, Chauvel C, Mistretta M, Tran T, Aymerich N, Chenon G, Llitjos JF, Venet F, Monneret G, Gillespie IA, Cortez P, Moucadel V, Pachot A, Troesch A, Leissner P, Textoris J, Bibette J, Guyard C, Baudry J, Griffiths AD, Védrine C. Dynamic single-cell phenotyping of immune cells using the microfluidic platform DropMap. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:2920-2955. [PMID: 32788719 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of immune responses is currently hampered by the lack of systems enabling quantitative and dynamic phenotypic characterization of individual cells and, in particular, analysis of secreted proteins such as cytokines and antibodies. We recently developed a simple and robust microfluidic platform, DropMap, to measure simultaneously the kinetics of secretion and other cellular characteristics, including endocytosis activity, viability and expression of cell-surface markers, from tens of thousands of single immune cells. Single cells are compartmentalized in 50-pL droplets and analyzed using fluorescence microscopy combined with an immunoassay based on fluorescence relocation to paramagnetic nanoparticles aligned to form beadlines in a magnetic field. The protocol typically takes 8-10 h after preparation of microfluidic chips and chambers, which can be done in advance. By contrast, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), flow cytometry, time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF), and single-cell sequencing enable only end-point measurements and do not enable direct, quantitative measurement of secreted proteins. We illustrate how this system can be used to profile downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion by single monocytes in septic shock patients, to study immune responses by measuring rates of cytokine secretion from single T cells, and to measure affinity of antibodies secreted by single B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Bounab
- BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie (LBC), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France.,Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dixneuf
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Magda Rybczynska
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Chauvel
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Trang Tran
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Aymerich
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Chenon
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabienne Venet
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Iain A Gillespie
- Value, Evidence & Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Virginie Moucadel
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Pachot
- Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France
| | - Alain Troesch
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Leissner
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France.,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Bibette
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Guyard
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean Baudry
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France.
| | - Andrew D Griffiths
- Laboratoire de Biochimie (LBC), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France.
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10
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Molari M, Eyer K, Baudry J, Cocco S, Monasson R. Quantitative modeling of the effect of antigen dosage on B-cell affinity distributions in maturating germinal centers. eLife 2020; 9:e55678. [PMID: 32538783 PMCID: PMC7360369 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Affinity maturation is a complex dynamical process allowing the immune system to generate antibodies capable of recognizing antigens. We introduce a model for the evolution of the distribution of affinities across the antibody population in germinal centers. The model is amenable to detailed mathematical analysis and gives insight on the mechanisms through which antigen availability controls the rate of maturation and the expansion of the antibody population. It is also capable, upon maximum-likelihood inference of the parameters, to reproduce accurately the distributions of affinities of IgG-secreting cells we measure in mice immunized against Tetanus Toxoid under largely varying conditions (antigen dosage, delay between injections). Both model and experiments show that the average population affinity depends non-monotonically on the antigen dosage. We show that combining quantitative modeling and statistical inference is a concrete way to investigate biological processes underlying affinity maturation (such as selection permissiveness), hardly accessible through measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Molari
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, PSL University, CNRS UMR8023, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jean Baudry
- Laboratoire Colloides et Materiaux Divises (LCMD), Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI, PSL Research and CNRSParisFrance
| | - Simona Cocco
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, PSL University, CNRS UMR8023, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Rémi Monasson
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, PSL University, CNRS UMR8023, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
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