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Yu S, Zhang M, Guo Y, Zhang L. Serum Leucine Aminopeptidase Activity Patterns Across Various Disease States: Potential Implications for Bleeding and Thrombosis Risk. Thromb Haemost 2024. [PMID: 39009008 DOI: 10.1055/a-2365-8601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptions in the pathways for activating and deactivating proteases in the bloodstream can lead to thrombosis and bleeding issues. Leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs), which are exopeptidases essential for regulating protein and peptide activities, are recognized as clinical biomarkers for liver diseases. However, the relationship between serum LAP activity and the risks of bleeding or thrombosis, as well as the identification of the specific tissues or organs that control LAP levels, is not well understood. METHODS We performed a retrospective study to evaluate serum LAP activities in 149,360 patients with 47 different diseases and 9,449 healthy individuals. The analysis was conducted using SPSS V2.6, RStudio V.1.3.1073, and libraries in Python 3.8. RESULTS Our research revealed that 21 of the 47 diseases studied showed increased median serum LAP activities, while 26 diseases were associated with significantly lower activities, especially those related to thrombosis. Furthermore, most diseases were found to have an increased risk of bleeding and thrombosis, indicated by higher Q25 and lower Q75 LAP activities compared to the control group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the effectiveness of LAP activities as biomarkers for specific conditions like hepatic encephalopathy, liver cancer, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. Diseases were categorized into clusters with similar bleeding or thrombotic tendencies through principal component analysis. CONCLUSION This study highlighted regulatory influence of the liver and pancreas on LAP levels. The established link between serum LAP concentrations and the risk of bleeding or thrombosis paved the way for the development of diagnostic and preventative approaches for various medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yachong Guo
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Diagnosis, American Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Missouri, United States
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2
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Kharnaf M, Zafar F, Hogue S, Rosenfeldt L, Cantrell RL, Sharma BK, Pearson A, Sprague C, Leino D, Abplanalp WA, Zelek WM, McCrae KR, Shim YJ, Morales D, Tweddell J, Qualls JE, Palumbo JS. Factor XII promotes the thromboinflammatory response in a rat model of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 168:e37-e53. [PMID: 37683721 PMCID: PMC10918029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor XII (FXII) is a multifunctional protease capable of activating thrombotic and inflammatory pathways. FXII has been linked to thrombosis in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), but the role of FXII in ECMO-induced inflammatory complications has not been studied. We used novel gene-targeted FXII- deficient rats to evaluate the role of FXII in ECMO-induced thromboinflammation. METHODS FXII-deficient (FXII-/-) Sprague-Dawley rats were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. A minimally invasive venoarterial (VA) ECMO model was used to compare wild-type (WT) and FXII-/- rats in 2 separate experimental cohorts: rats placed on ECMO without pharmacologic anticoagulation and rats anticoagulated with argatroban. Rats were maintained on ECMO for 1 hour or until circuit failure occurred. Comparisons were made with unchallenged rats and rats that underwent a sham surgical procedure without ECMO. RESULTS FXII-/- rats were maintained on ECMO without pharmacologic anticoagulation with low resistance throughout the 1-hour experiment. In contrast, WT rats placed on ECMO without anticoagulation developed thrombotic circuit failure within 10 minutes. Argatroban provided a means to maintain WT and FXII-/- rats on ECMO for the 1-hour time frame without thrombotic complications. Analyses of these rats demonstrated that ECMO resulted in increased neutrophil migration into the liver that was significantly blunted by FXII deficiency. ECMO also resulted in increases in high molecular weight kininogen cleavage and complement activation that were abrogated by genetic deletion of FXII. CONCLUSIONS FXII initiates hemostatic system activation and key inflammatory sequelae in ECMO, suggesting that therapies targeting FXII could limit both thromboembolism and inopportune inflammatory complications in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Kharnaf
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Farhan Zafar
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Spencer Hogue
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Leah Rosenfeldt
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rachel L Cantrell
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bal Krishan Sharma
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amelia Pearson
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Cassandra Sprague
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daniel Leino
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William A Abplanalp
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wioleta M Zelek
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Young Jun Shim
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Morales
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James Tweddell
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- Department of Biological Sciences, St Elizabeth College of Natural and Health Sciences, Thomas More University, Crestview Hills, Ky
| | - Joseph S Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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3
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Zang X, Li C, Wang Y, Huang X, Wang X, Zhang W, Cao X, Liang C, Dai T, Wang K, Chen Y, Wu J. Protein profile of circulating extracellular vesicles reveals biomarker candidates for diagnosis of post-traumatic deep vein thrombosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119721. [PMID: 38796050 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication after trauma and mostly without specific symptoms. Timely diagnosis and early appropriate treatment measures can prevent further development of thrombosis for patients with traumatic lower extremity fractures. Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) are confirmed as promising disease biomarkers, little is known about the role of altered levels and composition in the diagnosis of post-traumatic DVT. METHOD The levels of circulating EVs subgroups were measured using flow cytometry. Isolated EVs were characterized and subjected to proteomics analysis to screen for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between DVT and non-DVT patients. Regularized logistic regression analysis based on L2 penalty terms using R's caret package was applied to build a model for DVT diagnosis. RESULTS Compared to non-DVT patients, DVT patients had higher circulating hepatocyte-derived EVs (hEVs) with good predictive value for post-traumatic DVT diagnosis. The results of the proteomic analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of circulating EVs between the DVT group and non-DVT group were enriched in the complement and coagulation cascade. Finally, an integrated model of five biomarkers including SERPING1, C8G, CFH, FIX, and hEVs level was established for post-traumatic DVT diagnosis with robust identification of the traumatic patients with and without DVT (AUC 0.972). CONCLUSION Post-traumatic DVT patients had changed levels and composition of circulating EVs compared to non-DVT patients and healthy controls. Circulating EVs may acquire pathological protein signatures and become potential biomarkers for identifying subjects' post-traumatic DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China; Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China & Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Chunyan Li
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Cuiying Liang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Tenglong Dai
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Yuying Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
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Tsakiris DA, Gavriilaki E, Chanou I, Meyer SC. Hemostasis and complement in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: clinical significance of two interactive systems. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024:10.1038/s41409-024-02362-8. [PMID: 39004655 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) represents a curative treatment option for certain malignant and nonmalignant hematological diseases. Conditioning regimens before HCT, the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the allogeneic setting, and delayed immune reconstitution contribute to early and late complications by inducing tissue damage or humoral alterations. Hemostasis and/or the complement system are biological regulatory defense systems involving humoral and cellular reactions and are variably involved in these complications after allogeneic HCT. The hemostasis and complement systems have multiple interactions, which have been described both under physiological and pathological conditions. They share common tissue targets, such as the endothelium, which suggests interactions in the pathogenesis of several serious complications in the early or late phase after HCT. Complications in which both systems interfere with each other and thus contribute to disease pathogenesis include transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA), sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD), and GVHD. Here, we review the current knowledge on changes in hemostasis and complement after allogeneic HCT and how these changes may define clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chanou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sara C Meyer
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Kang YH, Varghese PM, Aiyan AA, Pondman K, Kishore U, Sim RB. Complement-Coagulation Cross-talk: Factor H-mediated regulation of the Complement Classical Pathway activation by fibrin clots. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368852. [PMID: 38933264 PMCID: PMC11199686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The classical pathway of the complement system is activated by the binding of C1q in the C1 complex to the target activator, including immune complexes. Factor H is regarded as the key downregulatory protein of the complement alternative pathway. However, both C1q and factor H bind to target surfaces via charge distribution patterns. For a few targets, C1q and factor H compete for binding to common or overlapping sites. Factor H, therefore, can effectively regulate the classical pathway activation through such targets, in addition to its previously characterized role in the alternative pathway. Both C1q and factor H are known to recognize foreign or altered-self materials, e.g., bacteria, viruses, and apoptotic/necrotic cells. Clots, formed by the coagulation system, are an example of altered self. Factor H is present abundantly in platelets and is a well-known substrate for FXIIIa. Here, we investigated whether clots activate the complement classical pathway and whether this is regulated by factor H. We show here that both C1q and factor H bind to the fibrin formed in microtiter plates and the fibrin clots formed under in vitro physiological conditions. Both C1q and factor H become covalently bound to fibrin clots, and this is mediated via FXIIIa. We also show that fibrin clots activate the classical pathway of complement, as demonstrated by C4 consumption and membrane attack complex detection assays. Thus, factor H downregulates the activation of the classical pathway induced by fibrin clots. These results elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms through which the complement and coagulation pathways intersect and have regulatory consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hoi Kang
- Medical Research Council Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MediMabBio Inc., Pangyo Business Growth Centre, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Praveen M. Varghese
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ahmad Al Aiyan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kirsten Pondman
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Uday Kishore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Robert B. Sim
- Medical Research Council Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Moellmer SA, Puy C, McCarty OJT. Biology of factor XI. Blood 2024; 143:1445-1454. [PMID: 37874916 PMCID: PMC11033592 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Unique among coagulation factors, the coagulation factor XI (FXI) arose through a duplication of the gene KLKB1, which encodes plasma prekallikrein. This evolutionary origin sets FXI apart structurally because it is a homodimer with 2 identical subunits composed of 4 apple and 1 catalytic domain. Each domain exhibits unique affinities for binding partners within the coagulation cascade, regulating the conversion of FXI to a serine protease as well as the selectivity of substrates cleaved by the active form of FXI. Beyond serving as the molecular nexus for the extrinsic and contact pathways to propagate thrombin generation by way of activating FIX, the function of FXI extends to contribute to barrier function, platelet activation, inflammation, and the immune response. Herein, we critically review the current understanding of the molecular biology of FXI, touching on some functional consequences at the cell, tissue, and organ level. We conclude each section by highlighting the DNA mutations within each domain that present as FXI deficiency. Together, a narrative review of the structure-function of the domains of FXI is imperative to understand the etiology of hemophilia C as well as to identify regions of FXI to safely inhibit the pathological function of activation or activity of FXI without compromising the physiologic role of FXI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Moellmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Cristina Puy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Owen J. T. McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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7
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Kouwenberg CV, Kuiper JJW, de Boer JH, Kalinina Ayuso V. Serum Biomarkers of Vascular Involvement in Childhood Uveitis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38573655 PMCID: PMC11005069 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nonanterior uveitis frequently involves the retinal vasculature; however, no molecular markers associated with the retinal vascular disease are currently known. In this study, we aimed to identify serum biomarker signatures associated with retinal vascular involvement in noninfectious pediatric uveitis. Methods We performed a 384-plex targeted proteomic analysis of serum samples of 154 noninfectious pediatric uveitis patients diagnosed with nonanterior uveitis (n = 74), idiopathic chronic anterior uveitis (iCAU, n = 36), or juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U, n = 44), as well as 22 noninflammatory pediatric controls. Data on retinal vascular involvement (i.e., papillitis, cystoid macular edema, retinal vasculitis, or retinal capillary leakage on optical coherence tomography and/or fluorescein angiography) were used to stratify cases in the nonanterior uveitis group. Results In the analysis of nonanterior uveitis, we identified nine proteins significantly associated with retinal vascular involvement, including F13B, MYOM3, and PTPN9. These proteins were enriched through pathway enrichment analysis for the coagulation cascade. Comparing cases and controls, we identified 63 differentially expressed proteins, notably proteins involved in platelet biology and complement cascades, which could be primarily attributed to differences in serum proteomes between anterior uveitis and nonanterior uveitis groups. Conclusions Serum proteins related to the coagulation and complement cascade are associated with retinal vascular involvement in pediatric uveitis patients. Our results indicate involvement of mediators that could interact with the microcirculation in pediatric uveitis and might serve as potential biomarkers in personalized medicine in the future. Translational Relevance Our targeted proteomics analysis in serum of pediatric uveitis patients indicates involvement of mediators that could interact with the microcirculation in pediatric uveitis and might serve as potential biomarkers in personalized medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlyn V. Kouwenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas J. W. Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joke H. de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Viera Kalinina Ayuso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gurubaran IS. Mitochondrial damage and clearance in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102 Suppl 282:3-53. [PMID: 38467968 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating eye disease that causes permanent vision loss in the central part of the retina, known as the macula. Patients with such severe visual loss face a reduced quality of life and are at a 1.5 times greater risk of death compared to the general population. Currently, there is no cure for or effective treatment for dry AMD. There are several mechanisms thought to underlie the disease, for example, ageing-associated chronic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, harmful protein aggregation and inflammation. As a way of gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind AMD and thus developing new therapies, we have created a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (PGC1α/NFE2L2) double-knockout (dKO) mouse model that mimics many of the clinical features of dry AMD, including elevated levels of oxidative stress markers, damaged mitochondria, accumulating lysosomal lipofuscin and extracellular drusen-like structures in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). In addition, a human RPE cell-based model was established to examine the impact of non-functional intracellular clearance systems on inflammasome activation. In this study, we found that there was a disturbance in the autolysosomal machinery responsible for clearing mitochondria in the RPE cells of one-year-old PGC1α/NFE2L2-deficient mice. The confocal immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in autophagosome marker microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) as well as multiple mitophagy markers such as PTE-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and E3 ubiquitin ligase (PARKIN), along with signs of damaged mitochondria. However, no increase in autolysosome formation was detected, nor was there a colocalization of the lysosomal marker LAMP2 or the mitochondrial marker, ATP synthase β. There was an upregulation of late autolysosomal fusion Ras-related protein (Rab7) in the perinuclear space of RPE cells, together with autofluorescent aggregates. Additionally, we observed an increase in the numbers of Toll-like receptors 3 and 9, while those of NOD-like receptor 3 were decreased in PGC1α/NFE2L2 dKO retinal specimens compared to wild-type animals. There was a trend towards increased complement component C5a and increased involvement of the serine protease enzyme, thrombin, in enhancing the terminal pathway producing C5a, independent of C3. The levels of primary acute phase C-reactive protein and receptor for advanced glycation end products were also increased in the PGC1α/NFE2L2 dKO retina. Furthermore, selective proteasome inhibition with epoxomicin promoted both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress, leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA to the cytosol, resulting in potassium efflux-dependent activation of the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome and the subsequent secretion of interleukin-1β in ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, the data suggest that there is at least a relative decrease in mitophagy, increases in the amounts of C5 and thrombin and decreased C3 levels in this dry AMD-like model. Moreover, selective proteasome inhibition evoked mitochondrial damage and AIM2 inflammasome activation in ARPE-19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswariyaraja Sridevi Gurubaran
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Medicine Unit, University of Eastern Finland Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio, Northern Savonia, Finland
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9
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Aleman M, Arepally GM, Baglin T, Buitrago L, Davizon-Castillo P, Dayal S, Flick MJ, Gerber G, Hisada Y, Kolev K, O’Loghlen A, Rezaie AR, Sparkenbaugh EM, Stavrou EX, Ünlü B, Vercellotti GM. Coagulation and platelet biology at the intersection of health and disease: illustrated capsules of the 11th Symposium on Hemostasis at the University of North Carolina. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102395. [PMID: 38699410 PMCID: PMC11063502 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The University of North Carolina Symposia on Hemostasis began in 2002, with The First Symposium on Hemostasis with a Special Focus on FVIIa and Tissue Factor. They have occurred biannually since and have maintained the primary goal of establishing a forum for the sharing of outstanding advances made in the basic sciences of hemostasis. The 2024 11th Symposium on Hemostasis will bring together leading scientists from around the globe to present and discuss the latest research related to coagulation factors and platelet biology. In keeping with the tradition of the conference, we expect novel cross-disciplinary collaborations to result from bringing together fundamental scientists and physician-scientists from different backgrounds and perspectives. The aim of these collaborations is to springboard the next generation of important advances in the field. This year's program was designed to discuss Coagulation and Platelet Biology at the Intersection of Health and Disease. The goal is to develop a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to hemostatic and thrombotic disorders as this understanding is critical for the continued development of safe and efficacious therapeutics. Included in this review article are illustrated capsules provided by our speakers that highlight the main conclusions of the invited talks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aleman
- Blood Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gowthami M. Arepally
- Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Trevor Baglin
- Centessa Pharmaceuticals plc, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Buitrago
- Allen and Frances Adler Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pavel Davizon-Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Blood Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gloria Gerber
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yohei Hisada
- Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ana O’Loghlen
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alireza R. Rezaie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Erica M. Sparkenbaugh
- Blood Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Evi X. Stavrou
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medicine Service, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Louise Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Betül Ünlü
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Mastellos DC, Hajishengallis G, Lambris JD. A guide to complement biology, pathology and therapeutic opportunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:118-141. [PMID: 37670180 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Complement has long been considered a key innate immune effector system that mediates host defence and tissue homeostasis. Yet, growing evidence has illuminated a broader involvement of complement in fundamental biological processes extending far beyond its traditional realm in innate immunity. Complement engages in intricate crosstalk with multiple pattern-recognition and signalling pathways both in the extracellular and intracellular space. Besides modulating host-pathogen interactions, this crosstalk guides early developmental processes and distinct cell trajectories, shaping tissue immunometabolic and regenerative programmes in different physiological systems. This Review provides a guide to the system-wide functions of complement. It highlights illustrative paradigm shifts that have reshaped our understanding of complement pathobiology, drawing examples from evolution, development of the central nervous system, tissue regeneration and cancer immunity. Despite its tight spatiotemporal regulation, complement activation can be derailed, fuelling inflammatory tissue pathology. The pervasive contribution of complement to disease pathophysiology has inspired a resurgence of complement therapeutics with major clinical developments, some of which have challenged long-held dogmas. We thus highlight major therapeutic concepts and milestones in clinical complement intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Taskin B, Kohs TC, Shatzel JJ, Puy C, McCarty OJ. Factor XI as a therapeutic target in neuroinflammatory disease. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:32-38. [PMID: 37694771 PMCID: PMC10843631 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic options for treatment of multiple sclerosis, a common neuronal demyelinating disorder affecting 2.2 million people worldwide. As an autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis is associated with neuroinflammation and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), although the cause linking multiple sclerosis with compromised barrier function remains ill-defined. It has been previously shown that coagulation factors, including thrombin and fibrin, exacerbate the inflammatory processes and permeability of the BBB. RECENT FINDINGS Increased levels of the coagulation factor (F) XII have been found in patients presenting with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, with a deleterious role for FXII being validated in murine model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Recent work has uncovered a role for the major substrate activated by FXII and thrombin, FXI, in the disorder of EAE. The study found that pharmacological targeting of FXI decreased clinical symptoms, lymphocyte invasion, and white matter destruction in a multiple sclerosis model. SUMMARY This review emphasizes the role of FXII and FXI in regulating barrier function and the immune response in neuroinflammation. These new findings broaden the potential for therapeutic utility of FXI inhibitors beyond thrombosis to include neuroinflammatory diseases associated with compromised BBB function, including multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Taskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, US
| | - Tia C.L. Kohs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, US
| | - Joseph J. Shatzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, US
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Cristina Puy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, US
| | - Owen J.T. McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, US
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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12
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Kohs TC, Vu HH, Jordan KR, Parra-Izquierdo I, Hinds MT, Shatzel JJ, Kievit P, Morgan TK, Yunga ST, Ngo TT, Aslan JE, Wallisch M, Lorentz CU, Tucker EI, Gailani D, Lindner JR, Puy C, McCarty OJ. Activation of coagulation FXI promotes endothelial inflammation and amplifies platelet activation in a nonhuman primate model of hyperlipidemia. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102276. [PMID: 38226339 PMCID: PMC10788631 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia is associated with chronic inflammation and thromboinflammation. This is an underlying cause of several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. In diseased blood vessels, rampant thrombin generation results in the initiation of the coagulation cascade, activation of platelets, and endothelial cell dysfunction. Coagulation factor (F) XI represents a promising therapeutic target to reduce thromboinflammation, as it is uniquely positioned at an intersection between inflammation and thrombin generation. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the role of FXI in promoting platelet and endothelial cell activation in a model of hyperlipidemia. Methods Nonhuman primates (NHPs) were fed a standard chow diet (lean, n = 6) or a high-fat diet (obese, n = 8) to establish a model of hyperlipidemia. Obese NHPs were intravenously administered a FXI blocking antibody (2 mg/kg) and studied at baseline and at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after drug administration. Platelet activation and inflammatory markers were measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular imaging was used to quantify vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression at the carotid bifurcation. Results Obese NHPs demonstrated increased sensitivity for platelet P-selectin expression and phosphatidylserine exposure in response to platelet GPVI or PAR agonists compared with lean NHPs. Obese NHPs exhibited elevated levels of C-reactive protein, cathepsin D, and myeloperoxidase compared with lean NHPs. Following pharmacological inhibition of FIX activation by FXIa, platelet priming for activation by GPVI or PAR agonists, C-reactive protein levels, and endothelial VCAM-1 levels were reduced in obese NHPs. Conclusion FXI activation promotes the proinflammatory phenotype of hyperlipidemia by priming platelet activation and inciting endothelial cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia C.L. Kohs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Helen H. Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelley R. Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Iván Parra-Izquierdo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Monica T. Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph J. Shatzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Samuel Tassi Yunga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Thuy T.M. Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph E. Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Wallisch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Aronora, Inc, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Christina U. Lorentz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Aronora, Inc, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Erik I. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Aronora, Inc, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David Gailani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Lindner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Cristina Puy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Owen J.T. McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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13
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Avdonin PP, Blinova MS, Generalova GA, Emirova KM, Avdonin PV. The Role of the Complement System in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Forms of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Biomolecules 2023; 14:39. [PMID: 38254639 PMCID: PMC10813406 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an acute disease and the most common cause of childhood acute renal failure. HUS is characterized by a triad of symptoms: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. In most of the cases, HUS occurs as a result of infection caused by Shiga toxin-producing microbes: hemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae type 1. They account for up to 90% of all cases of HUS. The remaining 10% of cases grouped under the general term atypical HUS represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with similar clinical signs. Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to E. coli and S. dysenteriae type 1, a variety of bacterial and viral infections can cause the development of HUS. In particular, infectious diseases act as the main cause of aHUS recurrence. The pathogenesis of most cases of atypical HUS is based on congenital or acquired defects of complement system. This review presents summarized data from recent studies, suggesting that complement dysregulation is a key pathogenetic factor in various types of infection-induced HUS. Separate links in the complement system are considered, the damage of which during bacterial and viral infections can lead to complement hyperactivation following by microvascular endothelial injury and development of acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr P. Avdonin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, ul. Vavilova, 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.B.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Maria S. Blinova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, ul. Vavilova, 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.B.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Galina A. Generalova
- Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children’s Clinical Hospital, 107014 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.G.); (K.M.E.)
- Department of Pediatrics, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Khadizha M. Emirova
- Saint Vladimir Moscow City Children’s Clinical Hospital, 107014 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.G.); (K.M.E.)
- Department of Pediatrics, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Avdonin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, ul. Vavilova, 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.B.); (P.V.A.)
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14
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Heurich M, McCluskey G. Complement and coagulation crosstalk - Factor H in the spotlight. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152707. [PMID: 37633063 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The immune complement and the coagulation systems are blood-based proteolytic cascades that are activated by pathway-specific triggers, based on protein-protein interactions and enzymatic cleavage reactions. Activation of these systems is finely balanced and controlled through specific regulatory mechanisms. The complement and coagulation systems are generally viewed as distinct, but have common evolutionary origins, and several interactions between these homologous systems have been reported. This complement and coagulation crosstalk can affect activation, amplification and regulatory functions in both systems. In this review, we summarize the literature on coagulation factors contributing to complement alternative pathway activation and regulation and highlight molecular interactions of the complement alternative pathway regulator factor H with several coagulation factors. We propose a mechanism where factor H interactions with coagulation factors may contribute to both complement and coagulation activation and regulation within the haemostatic system and fibrin clot microenvironment and introduce the emerging role of factor H as a modulator of coagulation. Finally, we discuss the potential impact of these protein interactions in diseases associated with factor H dysregulation or deficiency as well as evidence of coagulation dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Heurich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.
| | - Geneviève McCluskey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose HITH U1176, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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15
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Urwyler P, Leimbacher M, Charitos P, Moser S, Heijnen IAFM, Trendelenburg M, Thoma R, Sumer J, Camacho-Ortiz A, Bacci MR, Huber LC, Stüssi-Helbling M, Albrich WC, Sendi P, Osthoff M. Recombinant C1 inhibitor in the prevention of severe COVID-19: a randomized, open-label, multi-center phase IIa trial. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255292. [PMID: 37965347 PMCID: PMC10641758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conestat alfa (ConA), a recombinant human C1 inhibitor, may prevent thromboinflammation. Methods We conducted a randomized, open-label, multi-national clinical trial in which hospitalized adults at risk for progression to severe COVID-19 were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either 3 days of ConA plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. Primary and secondary endpoints were day 7 disease severity on the WHO Ordinal Scale, time to clinical improvement within 14 days, and safety, respectively. Results The trial was prematurely terminated because of futility after randomization of 84 patients, 56 in the ConA and 28 in the control arm. At baseline, higher WHO Ordinal Scale scores were more frequently observed in the ConA than in the control arm. On day 7, no relevant differences in the primary outcome were noted between the two arms (p = 0.11). The median time to defervescence was 3 days, and the median time to clinical improvement was 7 days in both arms (p = 0.22 and 0.56, respectively). Activation of plasma cascades and endothelial cells over time was similar in both groups. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was higher in the intervention arm (any AE, 30% with ConA vs. 19% with SOC alone; serious AE, 27% vs. 15%; death, 11% vs. 0%). None of these were judged as being related to the study drug. Conclusion The study results do not support the use of ConA to prevent COVID-19 progression. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04414631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Urwyler
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Leimbacher
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Moser
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar A. F. M. Heijnen
- Division of Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marten Trendelenburg
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Thoma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sumer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Servicio de Infectologia, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marcelo R. Bacci
- Department of General Practice, Centro Universitário em Saúde do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Lars C. Huber
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Werner C. Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Osthoff
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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de Groot EL, Ossewaarde–van Norel J, de Boer JH, Hiddingh S, Bakker B, van Huet RAC, ten Dam–van Loon NH, Thiadens AAHJ, Meester-Smoor MA, de Jong–Hesse Y, Los LI, den Hollander AI, Boon CJF, Kiemeney LA, van Eijk KR, Bakker MK, Hoyng CB, Kuiper JJW. Association of Risk Variants in the CFH Gene With Elevated Levels of Coagulation and Complement Factors in Idiopathic Multifocal Choroiditis. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:737-745. [PMID: 37410486 PMCID: PMC10326733 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Importance Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (MFC) is poorly understood, thereby hindering optimal treatment and monitoring of patients. Objective To identify the genes and pathways associated with idiopathic MFC. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) and protein study of blood plasma samples conducted from March 2006 to February 2022. This was a multicenter study involving 6 Dutch universities. Participants were grouped into 2 cohorts: cohort 1 consisted of Dutch patients with idiopathic MFC and controls, and cohort 2 consisted of patients with MFC and controls. Plasma samples from patients with idiopathic MFC who had not received treatment were subjected to targeted proteomics. Idiopathic MFC was diagnosed according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group guidelines for punctate inner choroidopathy and multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to October 2022. Main outcomes and measures Genetic variants associated with idiopathic MFC and risk variants associated with plasma protein concentrations in patients. Results This study included a total of 4437 participants in cohort 1 (170 [3.8%] Dutch patients with idiopathic MFC and 4267 [96.2%] controls; mean [SD] age, 55 [18] years; 2443 female [55%]) and 1344 participants in cohort 2 (52 [3.9%] patients with MFC and 1292 [96.1%] controls; 737 male [55%]). The primary GWAS association mapped to the CFH gene with genome-wide significance (lead variant the A allele of rs7535263; odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.41-0.64; P = 9.3 × 10-9). There was no genome-wide significant association with classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles (lead classical allele, HLA-A*31:01; P = .002). The association with rs7535263 showed consistent direction of effect in an independent cohort of 52 cases and 1292 control samples (combined meta-analysis OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.77; P = 3.0 × 10-8). In proteomic analysis of 87 patients, the risk allele G of rs7535263 in the CFH gene was strongly associated with increased plasma concentrations of factor H-related (FHR) proteins (eg, FHR-2, likelihood ratio test, adjusted P = 1.1 × 10-3) and proteins involved in platelet activation and the complement cascade. Conclusions and relevance Results suggest that CFH gene variants increase systemic concentrations of key factors of the complement and coagulation cascades, thereby conferring susceptibility to idiopathic MFC. These findings suggest that the complement and coagulation pathways may be key targets for the treatment of idiopathic MFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evianne L. de Groot
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joke H. de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hiddingh
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon A. C. van Huet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Yvonne de Jong–Hesse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leonoor I. Los
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke I. den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- AbbVie, Genomics Research Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kristel R. van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark K. Bakker
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carel B. Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas J. W. Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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17
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Lira AL, Kohs TC, Moellmer SA, Shatzel JJ, McCarty OJ, Puy C. Substrates, Cofactors, and Cellular Targets of Coagulation Factor XIa. Semin Thromb Hemost 2023:10.1055/s-0043-1764469. [PMID: 36940715 PMCID: PMC11069399 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation factor XI (FXI) has increasingly been shown to play an integral role in several physiologic and pathological processes. FXI is among several zymogens within the blood coagulation cascade that are activated by proteolytic cleavage, with FXI converting to the active serine protease form (FXIa). The evolutionary origins of FXI trace back to duplication of the gene that transcribes plasma prekallikrein, a key factor in the plasma kallikrein-kinin system, before further genetic divergence led to FXI playing a unique role in blood coagulation. While FXIa is canonically known for activating the intrinsic pathway of coagulation by catalyzing the conversion of FIX into FIXa, it is promiscuous in nature and has been shown to contribute to thrombin generation independent of FIX. In addition to its role in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, FXI also interacts with platelets, endothelial cells, and mediates the inflammatory response through activation of FXII and cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen to generate bradykinin. In this manuscript, we critically review the current body of knowledge surrounding how FXI navigates the interplay of hemostasis, inflammatory processes, and the immune response and highlight future avenues for research. As FXI continues to be clinically explored as a druggable therapeutic target, understanding how this coagulation factor fits into physiological and disease mechanisms becomes increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L. Lira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tia C.L. Kohs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Samantha A. Moellmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph J. Shatzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Divison of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Owen J.T. McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Divison of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Cristina Puy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Divison of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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18
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Ma Z, Mao C, Jia Y, Yu F, Xu P, Tan Y, Zou QH, Zhou XJ, Kong W, Fu Y. ADAMTS7-Mediated Complement Factor H Degradation Potentiates Complement Activation to Contributing to Renal Injuries. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:291-308. [PMID: 36735376 PMCID: PMC10103097 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysfunction of complement factor H (CFH), the main soluble complement negative regulator, potentiates various complement-induced renal injuries. However, insights into the underlying mechanism of CFH dysfunction remain limited. In this study, we investigated whether extracellular protease-mediated degradation accounts for CFH dysfunction in complement-mediated renal injuries. METHODS An unbiased interactome of lupus mice kidneys identified CFH-binding protease. In vitro cleavage assay clarified CFH degradation. Pristane-induced SLE or renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury models were used in wild-type and ADAMTS7-/- mice. RESULTS We identified the metalloprotease ADAMTS7 as a CFH-binding protein in lupus kidneys. Moreover, the upregulation of ADAMTS7 correlated with CFH reduction in both lupus mice and patients. Mechanistically, ADAMTS7 is directly bound to CFH complement control protein (CCP) 1-4 domain and degraded CCP 1-7 domain through multiple cleavages. In mice with lupus nephritis or renal I/R injury, ADAMTS7 deficiency alleviated complement activation and related renal pathologies, but without affecting complement-mediated bactericidal activity. Adeno-associated virus-mediated CFH silencing compromised these protective effects of ADAMTS7 knockout against complement-mediated renal injuries in vivo. CONCLUSION ADAMTS7-mediated CFH degradation potentiates complement activation and related renal injuries. ADAMTS7 would be a promising anticomplement therapeutic target that does not increase bacterial infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drugs of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zou
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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19
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Abstract
The complement and hemostatic systems are complex systems, and both involve enzymatic cascades, regulators, and cell components-platelets, endothelial cells, and immune cells. The two systems are ancestrally related and are defense mechanisms that limit infection by pathogens and halt bleeding at the site of vascular injury. Recent research has uncovered multiple functional interactions between complement and hemostasis. On one side, there are proteins considered as complement factors that activate hemostasis, and on the other side, there are coagulation proteins that modulate complement. In addition, complement and coagulation and their regulatory proteins strongly interact each other to modulate endothelial, platelet and leukocyte function and phenotype, creating a potentially devastating amplifying system that must be closely regulated to avoid unwanted damage and\or disseminated thrombosis. In view of its ability to amplify all complement activity through the C3b-dependent amplification loop, the alternative pathway of complement may play a crucial role in this context. In this review, we will focus on available and emerging evidence on the role of the alternative pathway of complement in regulating hemostasis and vice-versa, and on how dysregulation of either system can lead to severe thromboinflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Noris
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Miriam Galbusera
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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20
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Luo Q, Wenzel P. Properdin (factor P) as a new target cleaved by factor
XIa
: Intrinsic coagulation at the crossroads with inflammation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12835. [PMID: 36349265 PMCID: PMC9634820 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Research Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Research Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine Main University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany
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21
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Cao Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Pan C, Jiang L, Zhou Z, Meng Y, Charugundla S, Li T, Allayee H, Seldin MM, Lusis AJ. Liver-heart cross-talk mediated by coagulation factor XI protects against heart failure. Science 2022; 377:1399-1406. [PMID: 36137043 PMCID: PMC9639660 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-tissue communication by endocrine factors is a vital mechanism for physiologic homeostasis. A systems genetics analysis of transcriptomic and functional data from a cohort of diverse, inbred strains of mice predicted that coagulation factor XI (FXI), a liver-derived protein, protects against diastolic dysfunction, a key trait of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This was confirmed using gain- and loss-of-function studies, and FXI was found to activate the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-SMAD1/5 pathway in the heart. The proteolytic activity of FXI is required for the cleavage and activation of extracellular matrix-associated BMP7 in the heart, thus inhibiting genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis. Our results reveal a protective role of FXI in heart injury that is distinct from its role in coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Departments of Population and Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Marcus M. Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Corresponding author.
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22
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Yoshida Y, Nishi H. The role of the complement system in kidney glomerular capillary thrombosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981375. [PMID: 36189215 PMCID: PMC9515535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is part of the innate immune system. The crucial step in activating the complement system is the generation and regulation of C3 convertase complexes, which are needed to generate opsonins that promote phagocytosis, to generate C3a that regulates inflammation, and to initiate the lytic terminal pathway through the generation and activity of C5 convertases. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the interplay between the complement system, coagulation system, platelets, neutrophils, and endothelial cells. The kidneys are highly susceptible to complement-mediated injury in several genetic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and lupus nephritis (LN) are both characterized by thrombosis in the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys. In aHUS, congenital or acquired defects in complement regulators may trigger platelet aggregation and activation, resulting in the formation of platelet-rich thrombi in the kidneys. Because glomerular vasculopathy is usually noted with immunoglobulin and complement accumulation in LN, complement-mediated activation of tissue factors could partly explain the autoimmune mechanism of thrombosis. Thus, kidney glomerular capillary thrombosis is mediated by complement dysregulation and may also be associated with complement overactivation. Further investigation is required to clarify the interaction between these vascular components and develop specific therapeutic approaches.
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23
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Urwyler P, Moser S, Trendelenburg M, Sendi P, Osthoff M. Targeting thromboinflammation in COVID-19 - A narrative review of the potential of C1 inhibitor to prevent disease progression. Mol Immunol 2022; 150:99-113. [PMID: 36030710 PMCID: PMC9393183 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic carriers to critically ill patients with complications including thromboembolic events, myocardial injury, multisystemic inflammatory syndromes and death. Since the beginning of the pandemic several therapeutic options emerged, with a multitude of randomized trials, changing the medical landscape of COVID-19. The effect of various monoclonal antibodies, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation drugs have been studied, and to some extent, implemented into clinical practice. In addition, a multitude of trials improved the understanding of the disease and emerging evidence points towards a significant role of the complement system, kallikrein-kinin, and contact activation system as drivers of disease in severe COVID-19. Despite their involvement in COVID-19, treatments targeting these plasmatic cascades have neither been systematically studied nor introduced into clinical practice, and randomized studies with regards to these treatments are scarce. Given the multiple-action, multiple-target nature of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH), the natural inhibitor of these cascades, this drug may be an interesting candidate to prevent disease progression and combat thromboinflammation in COVID-19. This narrative review will discuss the current evidence with regards to the involvement of these plasmatic cascades as well as endothelial cells in COVID-19. Furthermore, we summarize the evidence of C1-INH in COVID-19 and potential benefits and pitfalls of C1-INH treatment in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Urwyler
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Moser
- Department of Clinical Research and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marten Trendelenburg
- Department of Clinical Research and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Osthoff
- Department of Clinical Research and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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24
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Pryzdial ELG, Leatherdale A, Conway EM. Coagulation and complement: Key innate defense participants in a seamless web. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918775. [PMID: 36016942 PMCID: PMC9398469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1969, Dr. Oscar Ratnoff, a pioneer in delineating the mechanisms by which coagulation is activated and complement is regulated, wrote, “In the study of biological processes, the accumulation of information is often accelerated by a narrow point of view. The fastest way to investigate the body’s defenses against injury is to look individually at such isolated questions as how the blood clots or how complement works. We must constantly remind ourselves that such distinctions are man-made. In life, as in the legal cliché, the devices through which the body protects itself form a seamless web, unwrinkled by our artificialities.” Our aim in this review, is to highlight the critical molecular and cellular interactions between coagulation and complement, and how these two major component proteolytic pathways contribute to the seamless web of innate mechanisms that the body uses to protect itself from injury, invading pathogens and foreign surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. G. Pryzdial
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Edward L. G. Pryzdial, ; Edward M. Conway,
| | - Alexander Leatherdale
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward M. Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Edward L. G. Pryzdial, ; Edward M. Conway,
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25
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McDonnell T, Amarnani R, Spicer C, Jbari H, Pericleous C, Spiteri VA, Wincup C, Artim-Esen B, Mackie I, Botto M, Rahman A, Giles I. Antibodies to FXa and thrombin in patients with SLE differentially regulate C3 and C5 cleavage. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:e000738. [PMID: 36007979 PMCID: PMC9422842 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The significance of antibodies directed against activated factor X (FXa) and thrombin (Thr) in patients with SLE and/or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is unknown. FXa and Thr are coregulated by antithrombin (AT) and activate complement. Therefore, we studied the ability of anti activated factor X (aFXa) and/or anti-(a)Thr IgG from patients with SLE±APS to modulate complement activation. METHODS Patients with SLE±APS were selected on the basis of known aThr and/or aFXa IgG positivity, and the effects of affinity-purified aFXa/aThr IgG on FXa and Thr-mediated C3 and C5 activation were measured ±AT. Structural analyses of FXa and Thr and AT-FXa and AT-Thr complexes were analysed in conjunction with the in vitro ability of AT to regulate aFXa-FXa and aThr-Thr-mediated C3/C5 activation. RESULTS Using affinity-purified IgG from n=14 patients, we found that aThr IgG increased Thr-mediated activation of C3 and C5, while aFXa IgG did not increase C3 or C5 activation. Structural analysis identified potential epitopes and predicted a higher likelihood of steric hindrance of AT on FXa by aFXa IgG compared with the AT-Thr-aThr IgG complex that was confirmed by in vitro studies. Longitudinal analysis of 58 patients with SLE (±APS) did not find a significant association between positivity for aFXa or aTHr IgG and C3 levels or disease activity, although there was a trend for patients positive for aFXa IgG alone or both aFXa and aThr IgG to have lower levels of C3 compared with aThr IgG alone during clinical visits. CONCLUSIONS We propose a novel method of complement regulation in patients with SLE±APS whereby aFXa and aThr IgG may have differential effects on complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj Amarnani
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Hajar Jbari
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charis Pericleous
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina A Spiteri
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Wincup
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bahar Artim-Esen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih, Turkey
| | - Ian Mackie
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Giles
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Heal SL, Hardy LJ, Wilson CL, Ali M, Ariëns RAS, Foster R, Philippou H. Novel interaction of properdin and coagulation factor XI: Crosstalk between complement and coagulation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12715. [PMID: 35647477 PMCID: PMC9130567 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence of crosstalk between the complement and coagulation cascades exists, and dysregulation of either pathway can lead to serious thromboinflammatory events. Both the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the alternative pathway of complement interact with anionic surfaces, such as glycosaminoglycans. Hitherto, there is no evidence for a direct interaction of properdin (factor P [FP]), the only known positive regulator of complement, with coagulation factor XI (FXI) or activated FXI (FXIa). Objectives The aim was to investigate crosstalk between FP and the intrinsic pathway and the potential downstream consequences. Methods Chromogenic assays were established to characterize autoactivation of FXI in the presence of dextran sulfate (DXS), enzyme kinetics of FXIa, and the downstream effects of FP on intrinsic pathway activity. Substrate specificity changes were investigated using SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to determine direct binding between FP and FXIa. Results/Conclusions We identified a novel interaction of FP with FXIa resulting in functional consequences. FP reduces activity of autoactivated FXIa toward S-2288. FXIa can cleave FP in the presence of DXS, demonstrated using SDS-PAGE, and confirmed by LC-MS. FXIa can cleave factor IX (FIX) and FP in the presence of DXS, determined by SDS-PAGE. DXS alone modulates FXIa activity, and this effect is further modulated by FP. We demonstrate that FXI and FXIa bind to FP with high affinity. Furthermore, FX activation downstream of FXIa cleavage of FIX is modulated by FP. These findings suggest a novel intercommunication between complement and coagulation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Heal
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Lewis J. Hardy
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Clare L. Wilson
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Majid Ali
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Robert A. S. Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Helen Philippou
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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27
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Cavalcante JDS, de Almeida CAS, Clasen MA, da Silva EL, de Barros LC, Marinho AD, Rossini BC, Marino CL, Carvalho PC, Jorge RJB, Dos Santos LD. A fingerprint of plasma proteome alteration after local tissue damage induced by Bothrops leucurus snake venom in mice. J Proteomics 2022; 253:104464. [PMID: 34954398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops spp. is responsible for about 70% of snakebites in Brazil, causing a diverse and complex pathophysiological condition. Bothrops leucurus is the main species of medical relevance found in the Atlantic coast in the Brazilian Northeast region. The pathophysiological effects involved B. leucurus snakebite as well as the organism's reaction in response to this envenoming, it has not been explored yet. Thus, edema was induced in mice paw using 1.2, 2.5, and 5.0 μg of B. leucurus venom, the percentage of edema was measured 30 min after injection and the blood plasma was collected and analyzed by shotgun proteomic strategy. We identified 80 common plasma proteins with differential abundance among the experimental groups and we can understand the early aspects of this snake envenomation, regardless of the suggestive severity of an ophidian accident. The results showed B. leucurus venom triggers a thromboinflammation scenario where family's proteins of the Serpins, Apolipoproteins, Complement factors and Component subunits, Cathepsins, Kinases, Oxidoreductases, Proteases inhibitors, Proteases, Collagens, Growth factors are related to inflammation, complement and coagulation systems, modulators platelets and neutrophils, lipid and retinoid metabolism, oxidative stress and tissue repair. Our findings set precedents for future studies in the area of early diagnosis and/or treatment of snakebites. SIGNIFICANCE: The physiopathological effects that the snake venoms can cause have been investigated through classical and reductionist tools, which allowed, so far, the identification of action mechanisms of individual components associated with specific tissue damage. The currently incomplete limitations of this knowledge must be expanded through new approaches, such as proteomics, which may represent a big leap in understanding the venom-modulated pathological process. The exploration of the complete protein set that suffer modifications by the simultaneous action of multiple toxins, provides a map of the establishment of physiopathological phenotypes, which favors the identification of multiple toxin targets, that may or may not act in synergy, as well as favoring the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for manifestations that are not neutralized by the antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeliton Dos Santos Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Milan Avila Clasen
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, ICC, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luciana Curtolo de Barros
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Diogo Marinho
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cesar Rossini
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Luís Marino
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Costa Carvalho
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, ICC, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Abstract
Classically, platelets have been described as the cellular blood component that mediates hemostasis and thrombosis. This important platelet function has received significant research attention for >150 years. The immune cell functions of platelets are much less appreciated. Platelets interact with and activate cells of all branches of immunity in response to pathogen exposures and infection, as well as in response to sterile tissue injury. In this review, we focus on innate immune mechanisms of platelet activation, platelet interactions with innate immune cells, as well as the intersection of platelets and adaptive immunity. The immune potential of platelets is dependent in part on their megakaryocyte precursor providing them with the molecular composition to be first responders and immune sentinels in initiating and orchestrating coordinated pathogen immune responses. There is emerging evidence that extramedullary megakaryocytes may be immune differentiated compared with bone marrow megakaryocytes, but the physiological relevance of immunophenotypic differences are just beginning to be explored. These concepts are also discussed in this review. The immune functions of the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage have likely evolved to coordinate the need to repair a vascular breach with the simultaneous need to induce an immune response that may limit pathogen invasion once the blood is exposed to an external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Koupenova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Alison Livada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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29
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Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Like NFE2L2/PGC-1α -/- Mouse Model Evoke Complement Component C5a Independent of C3. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070622. [PMID: 34356477 PMCID: PMC8301195 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging-associated chronic oxidative stress and inflammation are known to be involved in various diseases, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Previously, we reported the presence of dry AMD-like signs, such as elevated oxidative stress, dysfunctional mitophagy and the accumulation of detrimental oxidized materials in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (NFE2L2/PGC1α) double knockout (dKO) mouse model. Here, we investigated the dynamics of inflammatory markers in one-year-old NFE2L2/PGC1α dKO mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in levels of Toll-like receptors 3 and 9, while those of NOD-like receptor 3 were decreased in NFE2L2/PGC1α dKO retinal specimens as compared to wild type animals. Further analysis showed a trend towards an increase in complement component C5a independent of component C3, observed to be tightly regulated by complement factor H. Interestingly, we found that thrombin, a serine protease enzyme, was involved in enhancing the terminal pathway producing C5a, independent of C3. We also detected an increase in primary acute phase C-reactive protein and receptor for advanced glycation end products in NFE2L2/PGC1α dKO retina. Our main data show C5 and thrombin upregulation together with decreased C3 levels in this dry AMD-like model. In general, the retina strives to mount an orchestrated inflammatory response while attempting to maintain tissue homeostasis and resolve inflammation.
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