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Sania A, Muhammad MA, Sajed M, Azim N, Ahmad N, Aslam M, Tang XF, Rashid N. Structural and functional analyses of an L-asparaginase from Geobacillus thermopakistaniensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130438. [PMID: 38408579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Genome sequence of Geobacillus thermopakistaniensis contains an open reading frame annotated as a type II L-asparaginase (ASNaseGt). Critical structural analysis disclosed that ASNaseGt might be a type I L-asparaginase. In order to determine whether it is a type I or type II L-asparaginase, we have performed the structural-functional characterization of the recombinant protein as well as analyzed the localization of ASNaseGt in G. thermopakistaniensis. ASNaseGt exhibited optimal activity at 52 °C and pH 9.5. There was a > 3-fold increase in activity in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol. Apparent Vmax and Km values were 2735 U/mg and 0.35 mM, respectively. ASNaseGt displayed high thermostability with >80 % residual activity even after 6 h of incubation at 55 °C. Recombinant ASNaseGt existed in oligomeric form. Addition of β-mercaptoethanol lowered the degree of oligomerization and displayed that tetrameric form was the most active, with a specific activity of 4300 U/mg. Under physiological conditions, ASNaseGt displayed >50 % of the optimal activity. Localization studies in G. thermopakistaniensis revealed that ASNaseGt is a cytosolic protein. Structural and functional characterization, and localization in G. thermopakistaniensis displayed that ASNaseGt is not a type II but a type I L-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sania
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Majida Atta Muhammad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajed
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Naseema Azim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Aslam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Xiao-Feng Tang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Naeem Rashid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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El-Shora HM, El-Zawawy NA, El-Rheem MAA, Metwally MA. Purification and characterization of L-arginine deiminase from Penicillium chrysogenum. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38297214 PMCID: PMC10829382 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
L-arginine deiminase (ADI, EC 3.5.3.6) hydrolyzes arginine to ammonia and citrulline which is a natural supplement in health care. ADI was purified from Penicillium chrysogenum using 85% ammonium sulfate, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G200. ADI was purified 17.2-fold and 4.6% yield with a specific activity of 50 Umg- 1 protein. The molecular weight was 49 kDa. ADI expressed maximum activity at 40oC and an optimum pH of 6.0. ADI thermostability was investigated and the values of both t0.5 and D were determined. Kd increased by temperature and the Z value was 38oC. ATP, ADP and AMP activated ADI up to 0.6 mM. Cysteine and dithiothreitol activated ADI up to 60 µmol whereas the activation by thioglycolate and reduced glutathione (GSH) prolonged to 80 µmol. EDTA, α,α-dipyridyl, and o-phenanthroline inactivated ADI indicating that ADI is a metalloenzyme. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), butanedione (BD), dansyl chloride (DC), diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) and N-acetyl-imidazole (NAI) inhibited ADI activity indicating the necessity of sulfhydryl, tryptophanyl, arginyl, lysyl, histidyl and tyrosyl groups, respectively for ADI catalysis. The obtained results show that ADI from P. chrysogenum could be a potential candidate for industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed M El-Shora
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nessma A El-Zawawy
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Shafqat I, Shahzad S, Yasmin A, Chaudhry MT, Ahmed S, Javed A, Afzal I, Bibi M. Characterization and applications of glutaminase free L-asparaginase from indigenous Bacillus halotolerans ASN9. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288620. [PMID: 38015853 PMCID: PMC10683992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a versatile anticancer and acrylamide reduction enzyme predominantly used in medical and food industries. However, the high specificity of L-asparaginase formulations for glutamine, low thermostability, and blood clearance are the major disadvantages. Present study describes production, characterization, and applications of glutaminase free extracellular L-asparaginase from indigenous Bacillus halotolerans ASN9 isolated from soil sample. L-asparaginase production was optimized in M9 medium (containing 0.2% sucrose and 1% L-asparagine) that yielded maximum L-ASNase with a specific activity of 256 U mg-1 at pH 6 and 37°C. L-asparaginase was purified through acetone precipitation and Sephadex G-100 column, yielding 48.9 and 24% recovery, respectively. Enzyme kinetics revealed a Vmax of 466 mM min-1 and Km of 0.097 mM. Purified L-ASNase showed no activity against glutamine. The purified glutaminase free L-ASNase has a molecular mass of 60 kDa and an optimum specific activity of 3083 U mg-1 at pH 7 and 37°C. The enzyme retains its activity and stability over a wide range of pH and temperature, in the presence of selected protein inhibitors (SDS, β-mercaptoethanol), CoCl2, KCl, and NaCl. The enzyme also exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH radical (IC50 value 70.7 μg mL-1) and anticancer activity against U87 human malignant glioma (IC50 55 μg mL-1) and Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma (IC50 37 μg mL-1) cell lines. Normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) had greater than 80% cell viability with purified L-ASNase indicating its least cytotoxicity against normal cells. The present work identified potent glutaminase free L-ASNase from B. halotolerans ASN9 that performs well in a wide range of environmental conditions indicating its suitability for various commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Shafqat
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Shahzad
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Safia Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Afzal
- Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Monaza Bibi
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Arredondo-Nuñez A, Monteiro G, Flores-Fernández CN, Antenucci L, Permi P, Zavaleta AI. Characterization of a Type II L-Asparaginase from the Halotolerant Bacillus subtilis CH11. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2145. [PMID: 38004285 PMCID: PMC10672034 DOI: 10.3390/life13112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases from bacterial sources have been used in antineoplastic treatments and the food industry. A type II L-asparaginase encoded by the N-truncated gene ansZP21 of halotolerant Bacillus subtilis CH11 isolated from Chilca salterns in Peru was expressed using a heterologous system in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)pLysS. The recombinant protein was purified using one-step nickel affinity chromatography and exhibited an activity of 234.38 U mg-1 and a maximum catalytic activity at pH 9.0 and 60 °C. The enzyme showed a homotetrameric form with an estimated molecular weight of 155 kDa through gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme half-life at 60 °C was 3 h 48 min, and L-asparaginase retained 50% of its initial activity for 24 h at 37 °C. The activity was considerably enhanced by KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, mercaptoethanol, and DL-dithiothreitol (p-value < 0.01). Moreover, the Vmax and Km were 145.2 µmol mL-1 min-1 and 4.75 mM, respectively. These findings evidence a promising novel type II L-asparaginase for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annsy Arredondo-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 01, Peru;
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Carol N. Flores-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 01, Peru;
| | - Lina Antenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland; (L.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland; (L.A.); (P.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amparo Iris Zavaleta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 01, Peru;
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Molecular Characterization of a Stable and Robust L-Asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Acrylamide Mitigation Potential. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an important industrial enzyme widely used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to reduce acrylamide formation in food products. In the current study, a stable and robust L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199, with a high affinity for L-asparagine, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Recombinant L-asparaginase (Pg-ASNase II) was purified with a monomer size of 37.0 kDa and a native size of 148.0 kDa. During characterization, Pg-ASNase II exhibited 75.8 ± 3.84 U/mg specific activities in 50.0 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) at 50 °C. However, it retained 80 and 70% enzyme activity at 37 °C and 50 °C after 60 min, respectively. The half-life and kd values were 625.15 min and 1.10 × 10−3 min−1 at 37 °C. The kinetic constant Km, Vmax, kcat, and kcat/Km values were 0.57 mM, 71.42 U/mg, 43.34 s−1, and 77.90 ± 9.81 s−1 mM−1 for L-asparagine, respectively. In addition, the enzyme has shown stability in the presence of most metal ions and protein-modifying agents. Pg-ASNase II was cytotoxic towards the MCF-7 cell line (breast cancer) with an estimated IC50 value of 0.169 U/mL in 24 h. Further, Pg-ASNase II treatment led to a 70% acrylamide reduction in baked foods. These findings suggest the potential of Pg-ASNase II in therapeutics and the food industry.
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Biochemical characterization and detection of antitumor activity of l-asparaginase from thermophilic Geobacillus kaustophilus DSM 7263 T. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 199:106146. [PMID: 35863721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginases, which are oncolytic enzymes, have been used in clinical applications for many years. These enzymes are also important in food processing industry due to their potential in acrylamide-mitigation. In this study, the gene for l-asparaginase (GkASN) from a thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus kaustophilus, was cloned and expressed in E. coli Rosetta™2 (DE3) cells utilizing the pET-22b(+) vector. The 6xHis-tag attached enzyme was purified and analyzed both biochemically and structurally. The molecular mass of GkASN was determined as ∼36 kDa by SDS-PAGE, Western Blotting, and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme was determined as 55 °C and 8.5, respectively. The enzyme retained 89% of its thermal stability at 37 °C and 75% at 55 °C after 6 h of incubation. The enzyme activity was inhibited in the presence of Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, and EDTA, while the activity was enhanced in the presence of Mn2+, Mg2+, and thiol group protective agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and DTT. The structural modeling analysis demonstrated that the catalytic residues of the enzyme were partially similar to other asparaginases. The therapeutic potential of GkASN was tested on hepatocellular carcinoma cells, a solid cancer type with high mortality rate and rapidly increasing incidence in recent years. We showed that the GkASN-induced asparagine deficiency effectively reduced the metastatic synergy in HCC SNU387 cells on a xCELLigence system with differentiated epithelial Hep3B and poorly differentiated metastatic mesenchymal HCC SNU387 cells.
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Molecular cloning, characterization, and in-silico analysis of l-asparaginase from Himalayan Pseudomonas sp. PCH44. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:162. [PMID: 35822154 PMCID: PMC9271149 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (l-ASNase) is a key enzyme used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a childhood blood cancer. Here, we report on the characterization of a recombinant l-ASNase (Ps44-asn II) from Pseudomonas sp. PCH44. The gene was identified from its genome, cloned, and overexpressed in the host Escherichia coli (E. coli). The recombinant l-ASNase (Ps44-ASNase II) was purified with a monomer size of 37.0 kDa and a homotetrameric size of 148.0 kDa. The purified Ps44-ASNase II exhibited optimum activity of 40.84 U/mg in Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 8.5) at 45 °C for 15 min. It retained 76.53% of enzyme activity at 45 °C after 120 min of incubation. The half-life and K d values were 600 min and 1.10 × 10-3 min-1, respectively, at 45 °C. The kinetic constants values K m and V max were 0.56, 0.728 mM, and 29.41, 50.12 U/mg for l-asparagine and l-glutamine, respectively. However, k cat for l-glutamine is more (30.91 s-1) than l-asparagine (18.06 s-1), suggesting that enzymes act more efficiently on l-glutamine than l-asparagine. The docking analysis of l-asparagine and l-glutamine with active site residues of the enzyme revealed a molecular basis for high l-glutaminase (L-GLNase) activity and provided insights into the role of key amino acid residues in the preferential enzymatic activities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03224-0.
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Johny TK, Puthusseri RM, Saidumohamed BE, Sheela UB, Puthusseri SP, Sasidharan RS, Bhat SG. Appraisal of cytotoxicity and acrylamide mitigation potential of L-asparaginase SlpA from fish gut microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3583-3598. [PMID: 35579684 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has application in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, as well as in other malignancies, in addition to its role as a food processing aid for the mitigation of acrylamide formation in the baking industry. Its use in cancer chemotherapy is limited due to problems such as its intrinsic glutaminase activity and associated side effects, leading to an increased interest in the search for novel L-asparaginases without L-glutaminase activity. This study reports the cloning and expression of an L-asparaginase contig obtained from whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of Sardinella longiceps gut microbiota. Purified recombinant glutaminase-free L-asparaginase SlpA was a 74 kDa homodimer, with maximal activity at pH 8 and 30 °C. Km and Vmax of SlpA were determined to be 3.008 mM and 0.014 mM/min, respectively. SlpA displayed cytotoxic activity against K-562 (chronic myeloid leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines with IC50 values of 0.3443 and 2.692 U/mL, respectively. SlpA did not show any cytotoxic activity against normal lymphocytes and was proved to be hemocompatible. Pre-treatment of biscuit and bread dough with different concentrations of SlpA resulted in a clear, dose-dependent reduction of acrylamide formation during baking. KEY POINTS: • Cloned and expressed L-asparaginase (SlpA) from fish gut microbiota • Purified SlpA displayed good cytotoxicity against K-562 and MCF-7 cell lines • SlpA addition caused a significant reduction of acrylamide formation during baking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kollannoor Johny
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Rinu Madhu Puthusseri
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | | | | | - Saipriya Parol Puthusseri
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Raghul Subin Sasidharan
- Department of Zoology, Government College Kariavattom, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Sarita Ganapathy Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India.
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Dumina MV, Zhgun AA, Pokrovskay MV, Aleksandrova SS, Zhdanov DD, Sokolov NN, El’darov MA. Comparison of Enzymatic Activity of Novel Recombinant L-asparaginases of Extremophiles. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dumina M, Zhgun A, Pokrovskaya M, Aleksandrova S, Zhdanov D, Sokolov N, El’darov M. A Novel L-Asparaginase from Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus sibiricus: Heterologous Expression and Characterization for Biotechnology Application. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9894. [PMID: 34576056 PMCID: PMC8470970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a vital enzyme with a broad range of applications in medicine and food industry. Drawbacks of current commercial L-ASNases stimulate the search for better-producing sources of the enzyme, and extremophiles are especially attractive in this view. In this study, a novel L-asparaginase originating from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sibiricus (TsA) was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. The enzyme is optimally active at 90 °C and pH 9.0 with a specific activity of 2164 U/mg towards L-asparagine. Kinetic parameters KM and Vmax for the enzyme are 2.8 mM and 1200 µM/min, respectively. TsA is stable in urea solutions 0-6 M and displays no significant changes of the activity in the presence of metal ions Ni2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+ and EDTA added in concentrations 1 and 10 mmol/L except for Fe3+. The enzyme retains 86% of its initial activity after 20 min incubation at 90 °C, which should be enough to reduce acrylamide formation in foods processed at elevated temperatures. TsA displays strong cytotoxic activity toward cancer cell lines K562, A549 and Sk-Br-3, while normal human fibroblasts WI-38 are almost unsensitive to it. The enzyme seems to be a promising candidate for further investigation and biotechnology application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dumina
- Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Zhgun
- Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Marina Pokrovskaya
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (S.A.); (D.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Svetlana Aleksandrova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (S.A.); (D.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Dmitry Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (S.A.); (D.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikolay Sokolov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (S.A.); (D.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Michael El’darov
- Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia;
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Dumina MV, Eldarov MA, Zdanov DD, Sokolov NN. [L-asparaginases of extremophilic microorganisms in biomedicine]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2020; 66:105-123. [PMID: 32420891 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206602105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is extensively used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and several other lymphoproliferative diseases. In addition to its biomedical application, L-asparaginase is also of prospective use in food industry to reduce the formation of acrylamide, which is classified as probably neurotoxic and carcinogenic to human, and in biosensors for determination of L-asparagine level in medicine and food chemistry. The importance of L-asparaginases in different fields, disadvantages of commercial ferments, and the fact that they are widespread in nature stimuli the search for biobetter L-asparaginases from new producing microorganisms. In this regard, extremofile microorganisms exhibit unique physiological properties such as thermal stability, adaptability to extreme cold conditions, salt and pH tolerance and so provide one of the most valuable sources for novel L-asparaginases. The present review summarizes the recent results on studying the structural, functional, physicochemical and kinetic properties, stability of extremophilic L-asparaginases in comparison with their mesophilic homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Dumina
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Eldarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Zdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Prakash P, Singh HR, Jha SK. Production, purification and kinetic characterization of glutaminase free anti-leukemic L-asparaginase with low endotoxin level from novel soil isolate. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:260-271. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1692221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Prakash
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
| | - Hare Ram Singh
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
| | - Santosh Kumar Jha
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
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Production of Recombinant Human Asparaginase from Escherichia coli under Optimized Fermentation Conditions: Effect of Physicochemical Properties on Enzyme Activity. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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L-asparaginase – A promising biocatalyst for industrial and clinical applications. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Maggi M, Scotti C. Enzymes in Metabolic Anticancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:173-199. [PMID: 31482500 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has greatly improved over the last 50 years, but it remains challenging in several cases. Useful therapeutic targets are normally unique peculiarities of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells and that can be tackled with appropriate drugs. It is now known that cell metabolism is rewired during tumorigenesis and metastasis as a consequence of oncogene activation and oncosuppressors inactivation, leading to a new cellular homeostasis typically directed towards anabolism. Because of these modifications, cells can become strongly or absolutely dependent on specific substrates, like sugars, lipids or amino acids. Cancer addictions are a relevant target for therapy, as removal of an essential substrate can lead to their selective cell-cycle arrest or even to cell death, leaving normal cells untouched. Enzymes can act as powerful agents in this respect, as demonstrated by asparaginase, which has been included in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia for half a century. In this review, a short outline of cancer addictions will be provided, focusing on the main cancer amino acid dependencies described so far. Therapeutic enzymes which have been already experimented at the clinical level will be discussed, along with novel potential candidates that we propose as new promising molecules. The intrinsic limitations of their present molecular forms, along with molecular engineering solutions to explore, will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristella Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Scotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Aliakbari N, Mirzaee Z, Jafarian V, Khalifeh K, Salehi M. Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Thermostable Cyclomaltodextrinase From Anoxybacillus flavithermus. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aliakbari
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Zanjan; Zanjan I. R. Iran
| | - Ziba Mirzaee
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Zanjan; Zanjan I. R. Iran
| | - Vahab Jafarian
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Zanjan; Zanjan I. R. Iran
| | - Khosrow Khalifeh
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Zanjan; Zanjan I. R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Salehi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Zanjan; Zanjan I. R. Iran
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17
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Expression and Functional Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recombinant l.Asparaginase. Protein J 2018; 37:461-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Radha R, Arumugam N, Gummadi SN. Glutaminase free l-asparaginase from Vibrio cholerae: Heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Sindhu R, Manonmani H. Expression and characterization of recombinant l -asparaginase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 143:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Costa IM, Schultz L, de Araujo Bianchi Pedra B, Leite MSM, Farsky SHP, de Oliveira MA, Pessoa A, Monteiro G. Recombinant L-asparaginase 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: an allosteric enzyme with antineoplastic activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36239. [PMID: 27824095 PMCID: PMC5099943 DOI: 10.1038/srep36239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) (EC 3.5.1.1) is an important enzyme for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Currently, the enzyme is obtained from bacteria, Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. The bacterial enzymes family is subdivided in type I and type II; nevertheless, only type II have been employed in therapeutic proceedings. However, bacterial enzymes are susceptible to induce immune responses, leading to a high incidence of adverse effects compromising the effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, alternative sources of L-ASNase may be useful to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the ASP1 gene responsible for encoding L-asparaginase 1 (ScASNase1), an enzyme predicted as type II, like bacterial therapeutic isoforms, but it has been poorly studied. Here we characterised ScASNase1 using a recombinant enzyme purified by affinity chromatography. ScASNase1 has specific activity of 196.2 U/mg and allosteric behaviour, like type I enzymes, but with a low K0.5 = 75 μM like therapeutic type II. We showed through site-directed mutagenesis that the T64-Y78-T141-K215 residues are involved in catalysis. Furthermore, ScASNase1 showed cytotoxicity for the MOLT-4 leukemic cell lineage. Our data show that ScASNase1 has characteristics described for the two subfamilies of l-asparaginase, types I and II, and may have promising antineoplastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Munhoz Costa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Schultz
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Coastal Campus, São Vicente/SP 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Araujo Bianchi Pedra
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Silva Moreira Leite
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra H P Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio de Oliveira
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Coastal Campus, São Vicente/SP 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
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Doriya K, Jose N, Gowda M, Kumar DS. Solid-State Fermentation vs Submerged Fermentation for the Production of l-Asparaginase. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 78:115-35. [PMID: 27452168 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase, an enzyme that catalyzes l-asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia, has relevant applications in the pharmaceutical and food industry. So, this enzyme is used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a malignant disorder in children. This enzyme is also able to reduce the amount of acrylamide found in carbohydrate-rich fried and baked foods which is carcinogenic to humans. The concentration of acrylamide in food can be reduced by deamination of asparagine using l-Asparaginase. l-Asparaginase is present in plants, animals, and microbes. Various microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi are generally used for the production of l-Asparaginase as it is difficult to obtain the same from plants and animals. l-Asparaginase from bacteria causes anaphylaxis and other abnormal sensitive reactions. To overcome this, eukaryotic organisms such as fungi can be used for the production of l-Asparaginase. l-Asparaginase can be produced either by solid-state fermentation (SSF) or by submerged fermentation (SmF). SSF is preferred over SmF as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and it delivers high yield of enzyme. SSF process utilizes agricultural and industrial wastes as solid substrate. The contamination level is substantially reduced in SSF through low moisture content. Current chapter will discuss in detail the chemistry and applications of l-Asparaginase enzyme and various methods available for the production of the enzyme, especially focusing on the advantages and limitations of SSF and SmF processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Doriya
- Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - N Jose
- Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M Gowda
- NITK-Surathkal, Bangalore, India
| | - D S Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Sanghvi G, Bhimani K, Vaishnav D, Oza T, Dave G, Kunjadia P, Sheth N. Mitigation of acrylamide by l-asparaginase from Bacillus subtilis KDPS1 and analysis of degradation products by HPLC and HPTLC. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:533. [PMID: 27186497 PMCID: PMC4846603 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of bacterial l-asparaginase (LA) is one of the alternative approaches for acrylamide reduction in food stuffs as it catalyzes the conversion of l-asparagine to l-aspartic acid and ammonia. In present investigation, purification of extracellular LA from isolate of Bacillus subtilis sp. strain KDPS-1 was carried out by solid state fermentation process. The effects of solid substrates, initial moisture content, moistening agents, temperature, and incubation time on LA production was studied, and the highest asparaginase activity (47 IU/ml) was achieved in the medium having orange peel as substrate. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose ion exchange chromatography; with 84.89 % yield and 12.11 fold purity. LA showed stimulant activity against β-mercaptoethanol and was greatly inhibited by Zn(2+) and Hg(2+) metal ions. Reduction of acrylamide in fried potatoes was detected by high performance liquid chromatography, which showed clear degradation of acrylamide by height and area (%) in the chromatograms of standard sample to that of the test sample. Hydrolysates analysis by high performance thin layer chromatography confirmed the test sample to be LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sanghvi
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005 India
- />Max Planck Institute of Developmental Biology, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Kapil Bhimani
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005 India
| | - Devendra Vaishnav
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005 India
| | - Tejas Oza
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005 India
| | - Gaurav Dave
- />Department of Biochemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Prashant Kunjadia
- />B. N. Patel Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Bhalej Road, Anand, India
| | - Navin Sheth
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005 India
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Badoei-Dalfard A. L-asparaginase production in the pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain JHS-71 isolated from Jooshan Hot-spring. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2016; 5:1-10. [PMID: 27844015 PMCID: PMC5019328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase has lots of medical and industrial applications. Ever since L-asparaginase anti-tumor activity was first demonstrated, its production using microbial systems has attracted considerable attention owing to their cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. The aim of this study is to obtain L-asparaginase producing bacteria and determining the enzyme activity. Samples were picked up from Jooshan hot springs located in the Sirch, Kerman. The L-asparaginase producing bacteria were screened on the agar medium supplied with L-asparagine and phenol red indicator dye (pH-7.0). L-asparaginase activity was detected on the basis of pink color around the colony. Enzyme production was also performed based on ammonia detection by Nessler method. Among 24 strains, there were 7 strains which could produce L-asparaginase. Sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that, the best isolates producing L-asparaginase belongs to the Pseudomonas genus. Enzyme activity after 24 and 48 h of incubation showed that Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain JHS-71 was the best strain that produced L-Asparaginase about 240 (U/ml) after 48h of incubation. Results showed that, L-Asparaginase activity enhanced about 27% in the presence of Co+2. L-asparaginase JHS-71 retained more than 50% of its initial activity in the presence of Cu+2, Mn+2, Zn+2, Mg+2 and Fe+2. Because of various applications of L-asparaginase in biotechnology, P. pseudoalcaligenes strain JHS-71 can be used as a suitable candidate in these fields.
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24
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Partial purification and characterization of L-asparaginase from an endophytic Talaromyces pinophilus isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma amada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Shakambari G, Birendranarayan AK, Angelaa Lincy MJ, Rai SK, Ahamed QT, Ashokkumar B, Saravanan M, Mahesh A, Varalakshmi P. Hemocompatible glutaminase free l-asparaginase from marine Bacillus tequilensis PV9W with anticancer potential modulating p53 expression. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaminase free l-asparaginase from a marine isolate Bacillus tequilensis PV9W: production, purification, characterization and its biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshan Shakambari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology
- School of Biotechnology
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
| | | | | | - Sameer Kumar Rai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology
- School of Biotechnology
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
| | - Quazi Taushif Ahamed
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering (BSBE)
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
| | | | - Matheshwaran Saravanan
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering (BSBE)
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
| | - Ayyavu Mahesh
- School of Biological Sciences
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai 625 021
- India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology
- School of Biotechnology
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai
- India
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Lopes AM, Oliveira-Nascimento LD, Ribeiro A, Tairum CA, Breyer CA, Oliveira MAD, Monteiro G, Souza-Motta CMD, Magalhães PDO, Avendaño JGF, Cavaco-Paulo AM, Mazzola PG, Rangel-Yagui CDO, Sette LD, Converti A, Pessoa A. Therapeuticl-asparaginase: upstream, downstream and beyond. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 37:82-99. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1120705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Sokolov NN, Eldarov MA, Pokrovskaya MV, Aleksandrova SS, Abakumova OY, Podobed OV, Melik-Nubarov NS, Kudryashova EV, Grishin DV, Archakov AI. [Bacterial recombinant L-asparaginases: properties, structure and anti-proliferative activity]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015. [PMID: 26215408 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For more than 40 years L-asparaginases are used in combined therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and the range of tumors sensitive to these enzymes constantly extends. This review summarizes results of studies aimed at creation of new systems for heterological expression of bacterial L-asparaginases as Erwinia carotovora (EwA), Helicobacter pylori (HpA), Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YpA) and Rhodospirillum rubrum (RrA); special attention is paid to isolation of purified enzymes and their crystallization, modification by chitosan/polyethylene, physicochemical, kinetic and structural properties characterization, and the study of the cytotoxic or anti-proliferative activity of new recombinant L-asparaginases on cell cultures in vitro. The resultant recombinant L-asparaginases (EwA, YpA, HpA и RrA) exhibit reasonable cytotoxic action on the human leukemia cells comparable to the pharmacologically available L-asparaginase EcA and represent practical interest in respect to creation, on their basis, new effective antineoplastic remedies. Further prospects of researches on bacterial L-asparaginases are associated with development of analogs of Rhodospirillum rubrum L-asparaginase (RrA) by means of directed changes of the protein structure using genetic engineering, development of chito-PEGylation for receiving L-asparaginase preparations with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Eldarov
- Centre "Bioengineering", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - O V Podobed
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E V Kudryashova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemical Faculty, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Grishin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Badoei-Dalfard A. Purification and characterization of l-asparaginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SN004: Production optimization by statistical methods. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Krishnapura PR, Belur PD, Subramanya S. A critical review on properties and applications of microbial l-asparaginases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:720-37. [PMID: 25865363 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1022505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase is one of the main drugs used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a commonly diagnosed pediatric cancer. Although several microorganisms are found to produce l-asparaginase, only the purified enzymes from E. coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi are employed in the clinical and therapeutic applications in humans. However, their therapeutic response seldom occurs without some evidence of hypersensitivity and other toxic side effects. l-Asparaginase is also of prospective use in food industry to reduce the formation of acrylamide in fried, roasted or baked food products. This review is an attempt to compile information on the properties of l-asparaginases obtained from different microorganisms. The complications involved with the therapeutic use of the currently available l-asparaginases, and the enzyme's potential application as a food processing aid to mitigate acrylamide formation have also been reviewed. Further, avenues for searching alternate sources of l-asparaginase have been discussed, highlighting the prospects of endophytic microorganisms as a possible source of l-asparaginases with varied biochemical and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Rao Krishnapura
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka , Surathkal, Mangalore , Karnataka , India and
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka , Surathkal, Mangalore , Karnataka , India and
| | - Sandeep Subramanya
- b Department of Physiology , United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain , United Arab Emirates
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Meena B, Anburajan L, Dheenan PS, Begum M, Vinithkumar NV, Dharani G, Kirubagaran R. Novel glutaminase free l-asparaginase from Nocardiopsis alba NIOT-VKMA08: production, optimization, functional and molecular characterization. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:373-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mahajan RV, Kumar V, Rajendran V, Saran S, Ghosh PC, Saxena RK. Purification and characterization of a novel and robust L-asparaginase having low-glutaminase activity from Bacillus licheniformis: in vitro evaluation of anti-cancerous properties. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99037. [PMID: 24905227 PMCID: PMC4048267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase having low glutaminase has been a key therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute lymphpoblastic leukemia (A.L.L). In the present study, an extracellular L-asparaginase with low glutaminase activity, produced by Bacillus licheniformis was purified to homogeneity. Protein was found to be a homotetramer of 134.8 KDa with monomeric size of 33.7 KDa and very specific for its natural substrate i.e. L-asparagine. The activity of purified L-asparaginase enhanced in presence of cations including Na+ and K+, whereas it was moderately inhibited in the presence of divalent cations and thiol group blocking reagents. The purified enzyme was maximally active over the range of pH 6.0 to 10.0 and temperature of 40°C and enzyme was stable maximum at pH 9.0 and -20°C. CD spectra of L-asparaginase predicted the enzyme to consist of 63.05% α-helix and 3.29% β-sheets in its native form with T222 of 58°C. Fluorescent spectroscopy showed the protein to be stable even in the presence of more than 3 M GdHCl. Kinetic parameters Km, Vmax and kcat of purified enzyme were found as 1.4×10(-5) M, 4.03 IU and 2.68×10(3) s(-1), respectively. The purified L-asparaginase had cytotoxic activity against various cancerous cell lines viz. Jurkat clone E6-1, MCF-7 and K-562 with IC50 of 0.22 IU, 0.78 IU and 0.153 IU respectively. However the enzyme had no toxic effect on human erythrocytes and CHO cell lines hence should be considered potential candidate for further pharmaceutical use as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richi V. Mahajan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Technology Based Incubator, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prahlad C. Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Saxena
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Pradhan B, Dash SK, Sahoo S. Screening and characterization of extracelluar L-asparaginase producing Bacillus subtilis strain hswx88, isolated from Taptapani hotspring of Odisha, India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 3:936-41. [PMID: 24093783 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen and isolate an eco-friendly, a thermophilic and potent L-asparaginase producing bacterium, with novel immunological properties that may obviates hypersensitivity reactions. METHODS In the present study bacterial strain isolated for extracellular L-asparaginase production from hotspring, identified by morphological, biochemical and physiological tests followed by 16S rDNA technology and the L-asparaginase production ability was tested by both semi quantitative and quantitative enzymatic assay. RESULTS The bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis strain hswx88 (GenBank Accession Number: JQ237656.1). The extracellular enzyme yielding capacity isolate Bacillus subtilis strain hswx88 (23.8 IU/mL) was found to be 1.7 and 14.5 times higher than the reference organism Pectobacterium carotovorum MTCC 1428 (14.2 IU/mL) and Bacillus sp. BCCS 034 (1.64 IU/mL). CONCLUSION The isolate is eco-friendly and useful to produce bulk quantity of extracellular, thermophilic L-asparaginase for the treatment of various tumor cases and for preparation of acrylamide free fry food preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswaprakash Pradhan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Division, University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751 004, India
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Purification, characterization and kinetic properties of extracellular L-asparaginase produced by Cladosporium sp. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23180548 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase from Cladosporium sp. grown on wheat bran by SSF was purified. Enzyme appeared to be a trimer with homodimer of 37 kDa and another 47 kDa amounting to total mass of 121 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE and 120 kDa on gel filtration column. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were 30 °C and 6.3, respectively with Vmax of 4.44 μmol/mL/min and Km of 0.1 M. Substrate specificity studies indicated that, L-asparaginase has greater affinity towards L-asparagine with substrate hydrolysis efficiency (Vmax/Km ratio) eightfold higher than that of L-glutamine. L-asparaginase activity in presence of thiols studied showed decrease in Vmax and increase in Km, indicating nonessential mode of inactivation. Among the thiols tested, β-mercaptomethanol, exerted inhibitory effect, suggesting a critical role of disulphide linkages in maintaining a suitable conformation of the enzyme. Metal ions such as Ca(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+) and Zn(2+) significantly affected enzyme activity whereas presence of Fe(3+), Pb(2+) and KI stimulated the activity. Detergents studied also enhanced L-asparaginase activity. In-vitro half-life of purified L-asparaginase in mammalian blood serum was 93.69 h. The enzyme inhibited acrylamide formation in potato chips by 96 % making it a potential candidate for food industry to reduce acrylamide content in starchy fried food commodities.
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McDonagh B, Domínguez-Martín MA, Gómez-Baena G, López-Lozano A, Diez J, Bárcena JA, García Fernández JM. Nitrogen starvation induces extensive changes in the redox proteome of Prochlorococcus sp. strain SS120. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2012; 4:257-267. [PMID: 23757281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Very low nitrogen concentration is a critical limitation in the oligotrophic oceans inhabited by the cyanobacterium Prochlorococccus, one of the main primary producers on Earth. It is well known that nitrogen starvation affects redox homeostasis in cells. We have studied the effect of nitrogen starvation on the thiol redox proteome in the Prochlorococcus sp. SS120 strain, by using shotgun proteomic techniques to map the cysteine modified in each case and to quantify the ratio of reversibly oxidized/reduced species. We identified a number of proteins showing modified cysteines only under either control or N-starvation, including isocitrate dehydrogenase and ribulose phosphate 3-epimerase. We detected other key enzymes, such as glutamine synthetase, transporters and transaminases, showing that nitrogen-related pathways were deeply affected by nitrogen starvation. Reversibly oxidized cysteines were also detected in proteins of other important metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis, phosphorus metabolism, ATP synthesis and nucleic acids metabolism. Our results demonstrate a wide effect of nitrogen limitation on the redox status of the Prochlorococcus proteome, suggesting that besides previously reported transcriptional changes, this cyanobacterium responds with post-translational redox changes to the lack of nitrogen in its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McDonagh
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
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Kumar S, Venkata Dasu V, Pakshirajan K. Purification and characterization of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase from Pectobacterium carotovorum MTCC 1428. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2077-2082. [PMID: 20832300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An intracellular glutaminase-free L-asparaginase from Pectobacterium carotovorum MTCC 1428 was isolated to apparent homogeneity. The homotetramer enzyme has a molecular mass of 144.4 kDa (MALDI-TOF MS) and an isoelectric point of approximately 8.4. The enzyme is very specific for its natural substrate, L-asparagine. The activity of L-asparaginase is activated by mono cations and various effectors including Na+, K+, L-cystine, L-histidine, glutathione and 2-mercaptoethanol whereas it is moderately inhibited by various divalent cations and thiol group blocking reagents. Kinetic parameters, Km, Vmax and kcat of purified L-asparaginase from P. carotovorum MTCC 1428 were found to be 0.657 mM, 4.45 U μg(-1) and 2.751×10(3) s(-1), respectively. Optimum pH of purified L-asparaginase for the hydrolysis of L-asparagine was in the range of 8.0-10.0, and its optimum temperature was found to be 40 °C. The purified L-asparaginase has no partial glutaminase activity, which can reduce the possibility of side effects during the course of anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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